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Dondero K, Friedman B, Rekant J, Landers‐Ramos R, Addison O. The effects of myosteatosis on skeletal muscle function in older adults. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16042. [PMID: 38705872 PMCID: PMC11070439 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosteatosis, or the infiltration of fatty deposits into skeletal muscle, occurs with advancing age and contributes to the health and functional decline of older adults. Myosteatosis and its inflammatory milieu play a larger role in adipose tissue dysfunction, muscle tissue dysfunction, and increased passive muscle stiffness. Combined with the age-related decline of sex hormones and development of anabolic resistance, myosteatosis also contributes to insulin resistance, impaired muscle mechanics, loss of force production from the muscle, and increased risk of chronic disease. Due to its highly inflammatory secretome and the downstream negative effects on muscle metabolism and mechanics, myosteatosis has become an area of interest for aging researchers and clinicians. Thus far, myosteatosis treatments have had limited success, as many lack the potency to completely rescue the metabolic and physical consequences of myosteatosis. Future research is encouraged for the development of reliable assessment methods for myosteatosis, as well as the continued exploration of pharmacological, nutritional, and exercise-related interventions that may lead to the success in attenuating myosteatosis and its clinical consequences within the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Dondero
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of KinesiologyTowson UniversityTowsonMarylandUSA
| | - Ben Friedman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julie Rekant
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterBaltimore Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterBaltimore Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Smith N, Shirazi S, Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076499. [PMID: 37047469 PMCID: PMC10095074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smith
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Suzanna Shirazi
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
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3
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Tassinari R, Olivi E, Cavallini C, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Marcuzzi M, Fedchenko O, Ventura C. Mechanobiology: A landscape for reinterpreting stem cell heterogeneity and regenerative potential in diseased tissues. iScience 2022; 26:105875. [PMID: 36647385 PMCID: PMC9839966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces play a fundamental role in cellular dynamics from the molecular level to the establishment of complex heterogeneity in somatic and stem cells. Here, we highlight the role of cytoskeletal mechanics and extracellular matrix in generating mechanical forces merging into oscillatory synchronized patterns. We discuss how cellular mechanosensing/-transduction can be modulated by mechanical forces to control tissue metabolism and set the basis for nonpharmacologic tissue rescue. Control of bone anabolic activity and repair, as well as obesity prevention, through a fine-tuning of the stem cell morphodynamics are highlighted. We also discuss the use of mechanical forces in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure through the fine modulation of stem cell metabolic activity and regenerative potential. We finally focus on the new landscape of delivering specific mechanical stimuli to reprogram tissue-resident stem cells and enhance our self-healing potential, without the need for stem cell or tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Olivi
- ELDOR LAB, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Martina Marcuzzi
- NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oleksandra Fedchenko
- NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- ELDOR LAB, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy,NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy,Corresponding author
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Chow SKH, van Mourik M, Hung VWY, Zhang N, Li MMC, Wong RMY, Leung KS, Cheung WH. HR-pQCT for the Evaluation of Muscle Quality and Intramuscular Fat Infiltration in Ageing Skeletal Muscle. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061016. [PMID: 35743800 PMCID: PMC9225354 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosteatosis is the infiltration of fat in skeletal muscle during the onset of sarcopenia. The quantification of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) can be a feasible imaging modality for the clinical assessment of myosteatosis, important for the early identification of sarcopenia patients and timely intervention decisions. There is currently no standardized method or consensus for such an application. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the detection and analysis of IMAT in clinical HR-pQCT images of the distal tibia to evaluate skeletal muscle during the ageing process, validated with animal and clinical experimentation. A pre-clinical model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats with known intramuscular fat infiltration was used, where gastrocnemii were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at an 8.4 μm isotropic voxel size, and the images were analyzed using our modified IMAT analysis protocol. IMAT, muscle density (MD), and muscle volume (MV) were compared with SHAM controls validated with Oil-red-O (ORO) staining. Furthermore, the segmentation and IMAT evaluation method was applied to 30 human subjects at ages from 18 to 81 (mean = 47.3 ± 19.2). Muscle-related parameters were analyzed with functional outcomes. In the animal model, the micro-CT adipose tissue-related parameter of IMAT% segmented at −600 HU to 100 HU was shown to strongly associate with the ORO-positively stained area (r = 0.898, p = 0.002). For the human subjects, at an adjusted threshold of −600 to −20 HU, moderate positive correlations were found between MV and MD (r = 0.642, p < 0.001), and between MV and IMAT volume (r = 0.618, p < 0.01). Moderate negative correlations were detected between MD and IMAT% (r = −0.640, p < 0.001). Strong and moderate associations were found between age and MD (r = −0.763, p < 0.01), and age and IMAT (r = 0.559, p < 0.01). There was also a strong correlation between IMAT% and chair rise time (r = 0.671, p < 0.01). The proposed HR-pQCT evaluation protocol for intramuscular adipose-tissue produced MD and IMAT results that were associated with age and physical performance measures, and were of good predictive value for the progression of myosteatosis or sarcopenia. The protocol was also validated on animal skeletal muscle samples that showed a good representation of histological lipid content with positive correlations, further supporting the clinical application for the rapid evaluation of muscle quality and objective quantification of skeletal muscle at the peripheral for sarcopenia assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3505-1559
| | - Marloes van Mourik
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Vivian Wing-Yin Hung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Michelle Meng-Chen Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ronald Man-Yeung Wong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
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BASKAN OZNUR, OZCIVICI ENGIN. VIABILITY OF 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES IS MODULATED BY THE APPLIED FREQUENCY BUT NOT THE EXPOSURE DURATION OF LOW INTENSITY VIBRATORY STIMULATION. J MECH MED BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519422500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are the integral determinants in cell and tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and they can affect numerous biological process from proliferation to fate determination. Mechanical forces that possess low magnitude and high frequency characteristics are also known as low intensity vibrations (LIVs). These signals were studied widely on many cell types for regenerative purposes, however most of these studies select components of LIV signals (e.g., magnitude, frequency, duration, etc.) arbitrarily. Here, we addressed the effect of LIV applied frequency, LIV daily exposure time and fate induction on the viability of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. For this, we performed a frequency sweep that was ranging from 30[Formula: see text]Hz to 120[Formula: see text]Hz with 15[Formula: see text]Hz increments applied for 5, 10 or 20[Formula: see text]min during quiescent growth or adipogenesis for up to 10 days. Results suggest that the applied frequency and fate induction was an important determinant of cell viability while daily exposure time had no effect. These findings contribute to the effort of optimizing a relevant mechanical stimulus that can inhibit adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- OZNUR BASKAN
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - ENGIN OZCIVICI
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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Little-Letsinger SE, Rubin J, Diekman B, Rubin CT, McGrath C, Pagnotti GM, Klett EL, Styner M. Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:22-35. [PMID: 34489173 PMCID: PMC8840966 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging- related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are central pathways and recognized as associated and potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone, cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of bone-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - B Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Joint Departments of Biomedical Engineering NC State & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - CT Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - GM Pagnotti
- Dept of Endocrine, Neoplasia, and Hormonal Disorders, University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - EL Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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7
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Ning K, Liu S, Yang B, Wang R, Man G, Wang DE, Xu H. Update on the Effects of Energy Metabolism in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation. Mol Metab 2022; 58:101450. [PMID: 35121170 PMCID: PMC8888956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As common progenitor cells of osteoblasts and adipocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) play key roles in bone homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and global energy homeostasis; however, the intrinsic mechanism of BMSC differentiation is not well understood. Plasticity in energy metabolism allows BMSCs to match the divergent demands of osteo-adipogenic differentiation. Targeting BMSC metabolic pathways may provide a novel therapeutic perspective for BMSC differentiation unbalance related diseases. Scope of review This review covers the recent studies of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism fuel the BMSC differentiation. We also discuss recent findings about energy metabolism in BMSC differentiation. Major conclusions Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism provide energy to fuel BMSC differentiation. Moreover, some well-known regulators including environmental stress, hormone drugs, and biological and pathological factors may also influence BMSC differentiation by altering metabolism. This offers insight to the significance of metabolism on BMSC fate determination and provides the possibility of treating diseases related to BMSC differentiation, such as obesity and osteoporosis, from a metabolic perspective.
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Beck B, Rubin C, Harding A, Paul S, Forwood M. The effect of low-intensity whole-body vibration with or without high-intensity resistance and impact training on risk factors for proximal femur fragility fracture in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: study protocol for the VIBMOR randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:15. [PMID: 34991684 PMCID: PMC8734256 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevailing medical opinion is that medication is the primary (some might argue, only) effective intervention for osteoporosis. It is nevertheless recognized that osteoporosis medications are not universally effective, tolerated, or acceptable to patients. Mechanical loading, such as vibration and exercise, can also be osteogenic but the degree, relative efficacy, and combined effect is unknown. The purpose of the VIBMOR trial is to determine the efficacy of low-intensity whole-body vibration (LIV), bone-targeted, high-intensity resistance and impact training (HiRIT), or the combination of LIV and HiRIT on risk factors for hip fracture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. METHODS Postmenopausal women with low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the proximal femur and/or lumbar spine, with or without a history of fragility fracture, and either on or off osteoporosis medications will be recruited. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to one of four trial arms for 9 months: LIV, HiRIT, LIV + HiRIT, or control (low-intensity, home-based exercise). Allocation will be block-randomized, stratified by use of osteoporosis medications. Testing will be performed at three time points: baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1; 9 months), and 1 year thereafter (T2; 21 months) to examine detraining effects. The primary outcome measure will be total hip aBMD determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes will include aBMD at other regions, anthropometrics, and other indices of bone strength, body composition, physical function, kyphosis, muscle strength and power, balance, falls, and intervention compliance. Exploratory outcomes include bone turnover markers, pelvic floor health, quality of life, physical activity enjoyment, adverse events, and fracture. An economic evaluation will also be conducted. DISCUSSION No previous studies have compared the effect of LIV alone or in combination with bone-targeted HiRIT (with or without osteoporosis medications) on risk factors for hip fracture in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Should either, both, or combined mechanical interventions be safe and efficacious, alternative therapeutic avenues will be available to individuals at elevated risk of fragility fracture who are unresponsive to or unwilling or unable to take osteoporosis medications. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www. anzctr.org.au ) (Trial number ANZCTR12615000848505, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id = 368962 ); date of registration 14/08/2015 (prospectively registered). Universal Trial Number: U1111-1172-3652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Beck
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Clinton Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York, NY USA
| | - Amy Harding
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Sanjoy Paul
- Melbourne EpiCentre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mark Forwood
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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10
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Effect of Vibrotherapy on Body Fatness, Blood Parameters and Fibrinogen Concentration in Elderly Men. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153259. [PMID: 34362043 PMCID: PMC8347586 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly people need activities that will positively contribute to a satisfactory process of getting older. Vibration training uses mechanical stimulus of a vibrational character that, similarly to other forms of physical activity, affects metabolic processes and conditions of health. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of thirty vibration treatments on body fatness, hematologic and rheologic indexes of blood, and proteinogram and fibrinogen concentration in elderly men’s blood. The study included twenty-one males, aged 60–70 years (mean age 65.3 ± 2.7), who were randomly assigned into a vibrotherapy group (VG) and took part in interventions on mattresses generating oscillatory-cycloid vibrations, and a control group (CG), without interventions. In all patients the following assessments were performed twice: an assessment of body fatness using the bioimpedance method, a complete blood count with a hematology analyzer, and erythrocyte aggregation by a laser-optical rotational cell analyzer; whereas, total plasma protein and fibrinogen values were established, respectively, by biuret and spectrophotometric methods. In order to compare the impact of vibrotherapy on changes in the analyzed variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Wilcoxon test were used. After applying thirty vibration treatments in the VG, a significant decrease in body fatness parameters was confirmed: BM (∆BM: −2.7 ± 2.0; p = 0.002), BMI (∆BMI: −0.9 ± 0.7; p = 0.002), BF (∆BF: −2.5 ± 2.5; p = 0.013), and %BF (∆%BF: −2.0 ± 2.7; p = 0.041), as well as in RBC (∆RBC: −0.1 ± 0.1; p = 0.035). However, changes in erythrocyte aggregation and proteinogram were not confirmed. It was found that after thirty treatments with VG, a significant decrease of fibrinogen level took place (∆ = −0.3 ± 0.3, p = 0.005). Application of thirty vibrotherapy treatments positively affected body fatness parameters and fibrinogen concentrations in the examined. However, further research should include a greater number of participants.
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11
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Rajapakse CS, Johncola AJ, Batzdorf AS, Jones BC, Al Mukaddam M, Sexton K, Shults J, Leonard MB, Snyder PJ, Wehrli FW. Effect of Low-Intensity Vibration on Bone Strength, Microstructure, and Adiposity in Pre-Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:673-684. [PMID: 33314313 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There has been evidence that cyclical mechanical stimulation may be osteogenic, thus providing opportunities for nonpharmacological treatment of degenerative bone disease. Here, we applied this technology to a cohort of postmenopausal women with varying bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores at the total hip (-0.524 ± 0.843) and spine (-0.795 ± 1.03) to examine the response to intervention after 1 year of daily treatment with 10 minutes of vibration therapy in a randomized double-blinded trial. The device operates either in an active mode (30 Hz and 0.3 g) or placebo. Primary endpoints were changes in bone stiffness at the distal tibia and marrow adiposity of the vertebrae, based on 3 Tesla high-resolution MRI and spectroscopic imaging, respectively. Secondary outcome variables included distal tibial trabecular microstructural parameters and vertebral deformity determined by MRI, volumetric and areal bone densities derived using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the tibia, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based BMD of the hip and spine. Device adherence was 83% in the active group (n = 42) and 86% in the placebo group (n = 38) and did not differ between groups (p = .7). The mean 12-month changes in tibial stiffness in the treatment group and placebo group were +1.31 ± 6.05% and -2.55 ± 3.90%, respectively (group difference 3.86%, p = .0096). In the active group, marrow fat fraction significantly decreased after 12 months of intervention (p = .0003), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group (p = .7; group difference -1.59%, p = .029). Mean differences of the changes in trabecular bone volume fraction (p = .048) and erosion index (p = .044) were also significant, as was pQCT-derived trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD; p = .016) at the tibia. The data are commensurate with the hypothesis that vibration therapy is protective against loss in mechanical strength and, further, that the intervention minimizes the shift from the osteoblastic to the adipocytic lineage of mesenchymal stem cells. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamith S Rajapakse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa J Johncola
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Brandon C Jones
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mona Al Mukaddam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Sexton
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine Shults
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary B Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Swimming as Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:6210201. [PMID: 32509864 PMCID: PMC7245678 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6210201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that seriously affects human health and quality of life. This study is aimed at determining whether swimming had an effect on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femoral neck in postmenopausal and premenopausal osteoporosis patients. We retrieved relevant literature and analyzed data from randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of swimming on BMD in postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Relevant studies, with no language restrictions, from inception to September 2019, were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases independently by two investigators. The keywords used for the literature search were “osteoporosis” and “swimming.” The main results included BMD and T-score. We searched 256 relevant articles and finally screened five articles, including 263 participants. Lumbar spine density was mentioned in three articles. Although the heterogeneity of lumbar vertebral density is moderate, the analysis of swimmers to nonswimmers shows that the lumbar vertebral density in swimmers is improved [heterogeneity: chi2 = 5.16, df = 2 (P = 0.08); I2 = 61%]. We analyzed the following heterogeneous subgroups: subgroup 1 (3–6 hours) and subgroup 2 (<3 hours). The BMD in subgroup 1 was significantly higher than that in the placebo, while no effect on BMD was found in subgroup 2 [heterogeneity: chi2 = 0.15, df = 3 (P = 0.70); I2 = 0%]. According to the current evidence, swimming may improve the BMD of postmenopausal women participants, if the swimming time is between 3 and 6 hours, especially in long-term swimmers. However, the effectiveness of swimming does require further investigation.
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13
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Deguchi S, Kato A, Wu P, Hakamada M, Mabuchi M. Heterogeneous role of integrins in fibroblast response to small cyclic mechanical stimulus generated by a nanoporous gold actuator. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:418-430. [PMID: 33326880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the effects of mechanical stimulation on cell behaviors for homeostasis. Many studies have been performed on cell responses to mechanical stimuli, but the mechanosensing mechanism is still under debate. In the present study, experiments employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations concerning the effects of cyclic mechanical stimulus on cell proliferation were performed based on the hypothesis that mechanosensing depends on integrin types. We used a nanoporous gold (NPG) actuator to prevent transfer of a mechanical stimulus via molecules other than integrins. Surprisingly, a small cyclic strain of only 0.5% enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts. α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins showed high sensitivity to the mechanical stimulus, whereas α1β1 and α2β1 integrins exhibited low mechanosensitivity. The MD simulations showed that different conformational changes of the integrin headpiece induced by binding to the ECM led to a difference in mechanosensitivity between αI and αI-less integrin types. Thus, the present study provides evidence to support the hypothesis and suggests the mechanism for the heterogeneous roles of integrins in mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Deguchi
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Peizheng Wu
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Hakamada
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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14
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McGrath C, Little-Letsinger SE, Sankaran JS, Sen B, Xie Z, Styner MA, Zong X, Chen W, Rubin J, Klett EL, Coleman RA, Styner M. Exercise Increases Bone in SEIPIN Deficient Lipodystrophy, Despite Low Marrow Adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:782194. [PMID: 35145475 PMCID: PMC8822583 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.782194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise, typically beneficial for skeletal health, has not yet been studied in lipodystrophy, a condition characterized by paucity of white adipose tissue, with eventual diabetes, and steatosis. We applied a mouse model of global deficiency of Bscl2 (SEIPIN), required for lipid droplet formation. Male twelve-week-old B6 knockouts (KO) and wild type (WT) littermates were assigned six-weeks of voluntary, running exercise (E) versus non-exercise (N=5-8). KO weighed 14% less than WT (p=0.01) and exhibited an absence of epididymal adipose tissue; KO liver Plin1 via qPCR was 9-fold that of WT (p=0.04), consistent with steatosis. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), unlike white adipose, was measurable, although 40.5% lower in KO vs WT (p=0.0003) via 9.4T MRI/advanced image analysis. SEIPIN ablation's most notable effect marrow adiposity was in the proximal femoral diaphysis (-56% KO vs WT, p=0.005), with relative preservation in KO-distal-femur. Bone via μCT was preserved in SEIPIN KO, though some quality parameters were attenuated. Running distance, speed, and time were comparable in KO and WT. Exercise reduced weight (-24% WT-E vs WT p<0.001) but not in KO. Notably, exercise increased trabecular BV/TV in both (+31%, KO-E vs KO, p=0.004; +14%, WT-E vs WT, p=0.006). The presence and distribution of BMAT in SEIPIN KO, though lower than WT, is unexpected and points to a uniqueness of this depot. That trabecular bone increases were achievable in both KO and WT, despite a difference in BMAT quantity/distribution, points to potential metabolic flexibility during exercise-induced skeletal anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah E. Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeyantt Srinivas Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Martin A. Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Zong
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric L. Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rosalind A. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Maya Styner,
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15
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Dal Lin C, Radu CM, Vitiello G, Romano P, Polcari A, Iliceto S, Simioni P, Tona F. Sounds Stimulation on In Vitro HL1 Cells: A Pilot Study and a Theoretical Physical Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010156. [PMID: 33375749 PMCID: PMC7796405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical vibrations seem to affect the behaviour of different cell types and the functions of different organs. Pressure waves, including acoustic waves (sounds), could affect cytoskeletal molecules via coherent changes in their spatial organization and mechano-transduction signalling. We analyzed the sounds spectra and their fractal features. Cardiac muscle HL1 cells were exposed to different sounds, were stained for cytoskeletal markers (phalloidin, beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, alpha-actinin-1), and studied with multifractal analysis (using FracLac for ImageJ). A single cell was live-imaged and its dynamic contractility changes in response to each different sound were analysed (using Musclemotion for ImageJ). Different sound stimuli seem to influence the contractility and the spatial organization of HL1 cells, resulting in a different localization and fluorescence emission of cytoskeletal proteins. Since the cellular behaviour seems to correlate with the fractal structure of the sound used, we speculate that it can influence the cells by virtue of the different sound waves’ geometric properties that we have photographed and filmed. A theoretical physical model is proposed to explain our results, based on the coherent molecular dynamics. We stress the role of the systemic view in the understanding of the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dal Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Medical School, 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8218642; Fax: +39-049-8211802
| | - Claudia Maria Radu
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Veneto Region Haemophilia and Thrombophilia Centre, University of Padua Medical School, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, Salerno University, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Paola Romano
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Sannio University, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Baronissi, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Iliceto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Medical School, 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Veneto Region Haemophilia and Thrombophilia Centre, University of Padua Medical School, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Medical School, 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (F.T.)
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16
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Naqvi SM, McNamara LM. Stem Cell Mechanobiology and the Role of Biomaterials in Governing Mechanotransduction and Matrix Production for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597661. [PMID: 33381498 PMCID: PMC7767888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology has underpinned many scientific advances in understanding how biophysical and biomechanical cues regulate cell behavior by identifying mechanosensitive proteins and specific signaling pathways within the cell that govern the production of proteins necessary for cell-based tissue regeneration. It is now evident that biophysical and biomechanical stimuli are as crucial for regulating stem cell behavior as biochemical stimuli. Despite this, the influence of the biophysical and biomechanical environment presented by biomaterials is less widely accounted for in stem cell-based tissue regeneration studies. This Review focuses on key studies in the field of stem cell mechanobiology, which have uncovered how matrix properties of biomaterial substrates and 3D scaffolds regulate stem cell migration, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation, and activation of specific biological responses. First, we provide a primer of stem cell biology and mechanobiology in isolation. This is followed by a critical review of key experimental and computational studies, which have unveiled critical information regarding the importance of the biophysical and biomechanical cues for stem cell biology. This review aims to provide an informed understanding of the intrinsic role that physical and mechanical stimulation play in regulating stem cell behavior so that researchers may design strategies that recapitulate the critical cues and develop effective regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Naqvi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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17
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Little-Letsinger SE, Pagnotti GM, McGrath C, Styner M. Exercise and Diet: Uncovering Prospective Mediators of Skeletal Fragility in Bone and Marrow Adipose Tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:774-789. [PMID: 33068251 PMCID: PMC7736569 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent basic, translational, and clinical works demonstrating exercise and diet regulation of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and bone and how this informs current understanding of the relationship between marrow adiposity and musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Marrow adipocytes accumulate in the bone in the setting of not only hypercaloric intake (calorie excess; e.g., diet-induced obesity) but also with hypocaloric intake (calorie restriction; e.g., anorexia), despite the fact that these states affect bone differently. With hypercaloric intake, bone quantity is largely unaffected, whereas with hypocaloric intake, bone quantity and quality are greatly diminished. Voluntary running exercise in rodents was found to lower MAT and promote bone in eucaloric and hypercaloric states, while degrading bone in hypocaloric states, suggesting differential modulation of MAT and bone, dependent upon whole-body energy status. Energy status alters bone metabolism and bioenergetics via substrate availability or excess, which plays a key role in the response of bone and MAT to mechanical stimuli. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a fat depot with a potential role in-as well as responsivity to-whole-body energy metabolism. Understanding the localized function of this depot in bone cell bioenergetics and substrate storage, principally in the exercised state, will aid to uncover putative therapeutic targets for skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gabriel M Pagnotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Zhou H, Trudel G, Alexeev K, Laneuville O. Reversibility of marrow adipose accumulation and reduction of trabecular bone in the epiphysis of the proximal tibia. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151604. [PMID: 33066832 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli play an important role in the homeostasis of trabecular bone and marrow adipose tissue, particularly for the weight-bearing skeleton. Prolonged immobilization and disuse have been shown to reduce trabecular bone content and increase marrow adipose tissue in the bones of lower limb joints such as the knee. However, details on the temporal response of this relationship to prolonged immobilization and its reversibility is limited. Forty rats had one knee immobilized at 45° of flexion for 2, 4, 8, or 16 weeks and subsequently remobilized for 0 or 8 weeks. The contralateral knees were used as controls. Histomorphometric measures of trabecular bone and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) areas were conducted in the epiphysis of the proximal tibia. Knee immobilization for 4, 8, and 16 weeks significantly reduced trabecular bone area by -0.125, -0.139, and -0.161 mm2/mm2, respectively, with corresponding 95 % CIs of [-0.012, -0.239], [-0.006, -0.273], and [-0.101, -0.221]. MAT area significantly increased at 2 and 16 weeks by +0.008 and +0.027 mm2/mm2, respectively, with 95 % CIs of [0.014, 0.002] and [0.039, 0.016]. Remobilization for 8 weeks restored trabecular bone area compared to the contralateral knee and the magnitude of change was significantly greater for 8 and 16 weeks of immobilization with effect sizes of 1.69 and 1.86, respectively. The difference in MAT area between immobilized and contralateral knees were eliminated with remobilization. These results characterize the temporal response of trabecular bone and MAT in the epiphysis of the proximal tibia to joint immobilization and remobilization.
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19
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Zhou H, Trudel G, Alexeev K, Thomas J, Laneuville O. Hyperplasia and accelerated hypertrophy of marrow adipocytes with knee immobilization were sustained despite remobilization. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:701-708. [PMID: 32853104 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00539.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disuse can cause an accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) characterized by a combination of marrow adipocyte hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy. The malleability of MAT accumulation and of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy upon remobilization is unknown. In this study, we showed extensive hyperplasia and accelerated hypertrophy of bone marrow adipocytes in the proximal tibia epiphysis of rat knees immobilized for durations between 1 and 32 wk. Similar histomorphometric measures of adipocytes carried out in unoperated controls allowed distinguishing the effects of immobilization from the effects of aging. Although both knee immobilization and aging led to adipocyte hypertrophy, adipocyte hyperplasia was the hallmark signature effect of immobilization on MAT. Both bone marrow adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy were sustained despite knee remobilization for durations up to four times the duration of immobilization. These results suggest that adipocyte hyperplasia is the predominant mechanism explaining MAT accumulation in skeletal disuse. In this model, the changes were unremitting for the investigated time points. Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of marrow adipocyte mechanoregulation will be important to better understand how adipocytes adapt to changes in mechanical environments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This longitudinal study elucidates the response of marrow adipose tissue adipocytes in weight-bearing joints to changes in different mechanical environments, and we provide insight on the malleability of the changes over time. In a rat animal model, knee immobilization induced hyperplasia and accelerated the age-dependent hypertrophy of adipocytes. Changes in adipocyte number and size were sustained despite unassisted remobilization. Multimodal distributions of cell size were characteristic of bone marrow adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantin Alexeev
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Thomas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Odette Laneuville
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Correa-de-Araujo R, Addison O, Miljkovic I, Goodpaster BH, Bergman BC, Clark RV, Elena JW, Esser KA, Ferrucci L, Harris-Love MO, Kritchevsky SB, Lorbergs A, Shepherd JA, Shulman GI, Rosen CJ. Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:963. [PMID: 32903666 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00963/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fat infiltration (known as myosteatosis) is an ectopic fat depot that increases with aging and is recognized to negatively correlate with muscle mass, strength, and mobility and disrupt metabolism (insulin resistance, diabetes). An interdisciplinary workshop convened by the National Institute on Aging Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology on September 2018, discussed myosteatosis in the context of skeletal muscle function deficit (SMFD). Its purpose was to gain a better understanding of the roles of myosteatosis in aging muscles and metabolic disease, particularly its potential determinants and clinical consequences, and ways of properly assessing it. Special attention was given to functional status and standardization of measures of body composition (including the value of D3-creatine dilution method) and imaging approaches [including ways to better use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) through the shape and appearance modeling] to assess lean mass, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis. The workshop convened innovative new areas of scientific relevance to light such as the effect of circadian rhythms and clock disruption in skeletal muscle structure, function, metabolism, and potential contribution to increased myosteatosis. A muscle-bone interaction perspective compared mechanisms associated with myosteatosis and bone marrow adiposity. Potential preventive and therapeutic approaches highlighted ongoing work on physical activity, myostatin treatment, and calorie restriction. Myosteatosis' impact on cancer survivors raised new possibilities to identify its role and to engage in cross-disciplinary collaboration. A wide range of research opportunities and challenges in planning for the most appropriate study design, interpretation, and translation of findings into clinical practice were discussed and are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Veterans Affairs and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard V Clark
- United States Anti-Doping Agency, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Joanne W Elena
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael O Harris-Love
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steve B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- The Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
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21
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Correa-de-Araujo R, Addison O, Miljkovic I, Goodpaster BH, Bergman BC, Clark RV, Elena JW, Esser KA, Ferrucci L, Harris-Love MO, Kritchevsky SB, Lorbergs A, Shepherd JA, Shulman GI, Rosen CJ. Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:963. [PMID: 32903666 PMCID: PMC7438777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fat infiltration (known as myosteatosis) is an ectopic fat depot that increases with aging and is recognized to negatively correlate with muscle mass, strength, and mobility and disrupt metabolism (insulin resistance, diabetes). An interdisciplinary workshop convened by the National Institute on Aging Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology on September 2018, discussed myosteatosis in the context of skeletal muscle function deficit (SMFD). Its purpose was to gain a better understanding of the roles of myosteatosis in aging muscles and metabolic disease, particularly its potential determinants and clinical consequences, and ways of properly assessing it. Special attention was given to functional status and standardization of measures of body composition (including the value of D3-creatine dilution method) and imaging approaches [including ways to better use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) through the shape and appearance modeling] to assess lean mass, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis. The workshop convened innovative new areas of scientific relevance to light such as the effect of circadian rhythms and clock disruption in skeletal muscle structure, function, metabolism, and potential contribution to increased myosteatosis. A muscle-bone interaction perspective compared mechanisms associated with myosteatosis and bone marrow adiposity. Potential preventive and therapeutic approaches highlighted ongoing work on physical activity, myostatin treatment, and calorie restriction. Myosteatosis’ impact on cancer survivors raised new possibilities to identify its role and to engage in cross-disciplinary collaboration. A wide range of research opportunities and challenges in planning for the most appropriate study design, interpretation, and translation of findings into clinical practice were discussed and are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Veterans Affairs and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard V Clark
- United States Anti-Doping Agency, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Joanne W Elena
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael O Harris-Love
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steve B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- The Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
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22
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Tencerova M, Frost M, Figeac F, Nielsen TK, Ali D, Lauterlein JJL, Andersen TL, Haakonsson AK, Rauch A, Madsen JS, Ejersted C, Højlund K, Kassem M. Obesity-Associated Hypermetabolism and Accelerated Senescence of Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells Suggest a Potential Mechanism for Bone Fragility. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2050-2062.e6. [PMID: 31091445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for fragility fractures. However, the cellular mechanisms are unknown. Using a translational approach combining RNA sequencing and cellular analyses, we investigated bone marrow stromal stem cells (BM-MSCs) of 54 men divided into lean, overweight, and obese groups on the basis of BMI. Compared with BM-MSCs obtained from lean, obese BM-MSCs exhibited a shift of molecular phenotype toward committed adipocytic progenitors and increased expression of metabolic genes involved in glycolytic and oxidoreductase activity. Interestingly, compared with paired samples of peripheral adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (AT-MSCs), insulin signaling of obese BM-MSCs was enhanced and accompanied by increased abundance of insulin receptor positive (IR+) and leptin receptor positive (LEPR+) cells in BM-MSC cultures. Their hyper-activated metabolic state was accompanied by an accelerated senescence phenotype. Our data provide a plausible explanation for the bone fragility in obesity caused by enhanced insulin signaling leading to accelerated metabolic senescence of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina Kamilla Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Jacob Lindegaard Lauterlein
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Kristian Haakonsson
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ejersted
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Botulinum Toxin A Improves Supramuscular Fat Graft Retention by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis. Dermatol Surg 2020; 46:646-652. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Bodnyk KA, Kuchynsky KS, Balgemann M, Stephens B, Hart RT. The long-term residual effects of low-magnitude mechanical stimulation therapy on skeletal health. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 32190111 PMCID: PMC7073014 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) may improve skeletal health. The objective of this research was to investigate the long-term residual effects of LMMS on bone health. 10-week old female mice were given LMMS for 8 weeks; SHAM did not receive LMMS. Some groups remained on study for an additional 8 or 16 weeks post treatment (N = 17). Results Epiphyseal trabecular mineralizing surface to bone surface ratio (MS/BS) and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly greater in the LMMS group compared to the SHAM group at 8 weeks by 92 and 128% respectively. Mineral apposition rate (MAR) was significantly greater in the LMMS group 16 weeks post treatment by 14%. Metaphyseal trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) increased by 18%, bone volume tissue volume ratio (BV/TV) increased by 37%, and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) increased by 10% with LMMS at 8 weeks post treatment. Significant effects 16 weeks post treatment were maintained for BV/TV and Tb.Th. The middle-cortical region bone volume (BV) increased by 4% and cortical thickness increased by 3% with 8-week LMMS. Conclusions LMMS improves bone morphological parameters immediately after and in some cases long-term post LMMS. Results from this work will be helpful in developing treatment strategies to increase bone health in younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Bodnyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kyle S Kuchynsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Megan Balgemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Brooke Stephens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Richard T Hart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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25
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Fan L, Xu H, Li D, Li H, Lu D. A novel long noncoding RNA, AC092834.1, regulates the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:747-754. [PMID: 32145912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a range of developmental processes and diseases, but the roles and mechanisms by which they act in adipogenic differentiation and adipose tissue biology are still unknown. By comparing the different expression patterns of lncRNAs before and after the adipocyte differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs), we characterized a novel lncRNA, AC092834.1, which is significantly increased in preadipocytes. By gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrated that lncRNA AC092834.1 potentiated adipogenic differentiation through directly increasing the level of expression of DKK1, which competitively binds with LRP5 to inhibit the Wnt-β-catenin pathway and reduce the inhibition of adipogenesis by Wnt signaling. This finding provides novel mechanistic insights into a critical role for lncRNA AC092834.1 as a regulator of adipogenic differentiation, which expands our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of obesity and other adipogenic differentiation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
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26
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Cho W, Kim S, Jeong M, Park YM. Shockwaves Suppress Adipocyte Differentiation via Decrease in PPARγ. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010166. [PMID: 31936603 PMCID: PMC7017360 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a crucial cellular process that contributes to the expansion of adipose tissue in obesity. Shockwaves are mechanical stimuli that transmit signals to cause biological responses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of shockwaves on adipogenesis. We treated 3T3L-1 cells and human primary preadipocytes for differentiation with or without shockwaves. Western blots and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) for adipocyte markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα) were performed. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which are known to affect adipocyte differentiation, were measured. Shockwave treatment decreased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in primary human preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells after 11–12 days of differentiation. Levels of key adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and/or C/EBPα were lower in shockwave-treated human primary preadipocytes and 3T3L-1 cells after 12–13 days of differentiation than in shockwave-untreated cells. Shockwave treatment induced release of extracellular ATP from preadipocytes and decreased intracellular cAMP levels. Shockwave-treated preadipocytes showed a higher level of β-catenin and less PPARγ expression than shockwave-untreated cells. Supplementation with 8-bromo-cAMP analog after shockwave treatment rescued adipocyte differentiation by preventing the effect of shockwaves on β-catenin, Wnt10b mRNA, and PPARγ expression. Low-energy shockwaves suppressed adipocyte differentiation by decreasing PPARγ. Our study suggests an insight into potential uses of shockwave-treatment for obesity.
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27
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Bushana PN, Koberstein JN, Nguyen T, Harvey DO, Davis CJ. Performance on the mouse vibration actuating search task is compromised by sleep deprivation. J Neurophysiol 2019; 123:600-607. [PMID: 31891527 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00826.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As we go about our daily routines we are continuously bombarded with environmental feedback that requires appraisal and response. Sleep loss can compromise the efficiency by which these cognitive processes function. Operationally, poor performance caused by insufficient sleep translates to increased health and safety risks in settings where attention and timely and/or accurate decisions to respond are critical (e.g., at work, on the road, etc.). Current rodent tasks that assess altered cognition after sleep deprivation (SD) do not accurately model the continuous multisensory feedback that informs goal-oriented behavior in humans. Herein, we describe the vibration actuating search task (VAST), which consists of a vibrating open field with pseudo-randomly selected entrance and target destination points. To successfully complete a trial, mice use feedback from rotary motor-induced floor vibrations to navigate from the entrance point to the target destination. Sets of 20 trials were conducted on 3 consecutive days, and before testing on the third day control mice were undisturbed while other mice were sleep deprived for 10 h. On the first 2 days mice learned the task with high success rates. Alternatively, VAST performance was compromised following SD as measured by increased failures in task completion, time to target, time spent immobile, and decreased speed as compared with undisturbed mice. The VAST enables the analysis of continuous feedback via multiple sensory modalities in mice and is applicable to a variety of operational settings.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The vibration actuating search task (VAST) is a novel performance assay that uses continuous auditory and haptic feedback to motivate and direct search behaviors in mice. The VAST is rapidly acquired by mice and performance is disrupted by sleep deprivation. The VAST has practical application in occupational settings. The cognitive aspects of the sensorimotor integration in the VAST may prove useful for rodent models of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Bushana
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.,Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - John N Koberstein
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington
| | - Theresa Nguyen
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington
| | - Daniel O Harvey
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christopher J Davis
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.,Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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28
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Alavinia SM, Omidvar M, Craven BC. Does whole body vibration therapy assist in reducing fat mass or treating obesity in healthy overweight and obese adults? A systematic review and meta-analyses. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:1935-1947. [PMID: 31749405 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1688871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review describes the effects of Whole Body Vibration therapy (WBV) for reducing fat mass (%/kg) among healthy (no comorbid disease) overweight and obese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and PubMed databases up to 27th March 2019. Studies evaluating the effects of WBV therapy on fat mass as a primary or secondary outcome among healthy (no comorbid disease), overweight or obese adults (Body Mass Index ≥25) were included. RESULTS Following the search, 2,420 studies were reviewed and 1,603 studies were selected for title and abstract screening. Of 153 studies considered for full-text review, 13 controlled trials were included in the systematic review. Two meta-analyses were performed for five studies. The first random effects (I2 = 70%, p-value = 0.02) meta-analysis, revealed a statistically significant mean change for percent fat mass (-2.56, 95% CI: -3.81, -1.31). The second fixed effects meta-analysis, revealed a significant mean change (-1.91, 95% CI: -2.64, -1.18) for fat mass/kg. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analyses indicate a positive effect of Whole Body Vibration therapy on reducing fat mass (%/kg), especially when combined with conventional weight loss interventions specifically, diet and exercise.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONWhole Body Vibration therapy may assist obese and bariatric clients with weight loss.Whole Body Vibration therapy with conventional weight loss strategies may augment reductions in fat mass among obese clients in rehabilitation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammad Alavinia
- Neural Engineering and Therapeutic Team, Lyndhurst Centre, KITE-Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Omidvar
- Neural Engineering and Therapeutic Team, Lyndhurst Centre, KITE-Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Catharine Craven
- Neural Engineering and Therapeutic Team, Lyndhurst Centre, KITE-Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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29
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Shi N, Su Y, Guo S, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Yi C. Improving the Retention Rate of Fat Grafts in Recipient Areas via Botulinum Toxin A Treatment. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39:1436-1444. [PMID: 30850826 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the retention rate of transplanted fat is, currently, of great concern. Partial immobilization, angiogenesis, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, all proven to be influenced by botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), are significant in fat graft retention. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine the impact of BTX-A on fat grafts. METHODS Our study included 12 Sprague Dawley rats and each rat's hind limbs were randomly designated as the BTX-A side and control side. We injected 0.2 mL of BTX-A-treated fat into the quadriceps femoris and subcutaneous space of the BTX-A sides. This was also done for the control sides but with untreated fat. We performed electroneuromyography of recipient muscles at 1 week post-operation. The rats were euthanized at 12 weeks post-operation and we observed the fat retention rate, the fat's histologic characteristics, and the density of vessels and mature adipocytes. RESULTS The amplitudes of electroneuromyography were smaller for the BTX-A sides than the control sides. For intramuscularly injected fat, the BTX-A sides had better retention rates and histologic characteristics and a higher density of vessels and mature adipocytes than the control sides. For subcutaneously injected fat, the BTX-A sides had better histologic characteristics and a higher density of vessels and mature adipocytes than the control sides, but the retention rates were not significantly different between the 2 sides. CONCLUSIONS Injecting BTX-A-treated fat grafts can immobilize the surrounding muscles. BTX-A can improve the density of vessels and mature adipocytes, histologic characteristics of fat grafts, and retention rate of fat grafts transplanted into muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
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30
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García-López S, Villanueva RE, Massó-Rojas F, Páez-Arenas A, Meikle MC. Micro-vibrations at 30 Hz on bone cells cultivated in vitro produce soluble factors for osteoclast inhibition and osteoblast activity. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104594. [PMID: 31733582 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVE It has been claimed that micro-pulse vibration can accelerate the rate of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment; however, the underlying cellular mechanism has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms underlying tooth movement acceleration by measuring alterations in a panel of intercellular signalling molecules and markers of osteoblast/osteoclast function following micro-pulse vibration for 20 min at 30 Hz. DESIGN Primary BALB/c mouse calvarial osteoblasts were cultivatedin vitro and subjected to micro-pulse vibration (0.25 N; 30 Hz) with the AcceleDent® Aura appliance for 20 min and assayed for IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, OPG, soluble RANKL and TGF-β protein by ELISA; for PCNA in osteoblasts and caspase 3/7 in osteoclasts by immunohistochemistry; for IL-4, IL-13, and Il-17 in osteoclasts by ELISA; and for cathepsin K by flow cytometry. RESULTS After micro-pulse vibration, the murine osteoblast culture supernatant showed increased IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, OPG and TGF-β levels and decreased RANKL levels; PCNA in osteoblasts and caspase 3/7 in osteoclasts were also upregulated. The osteoclast culture supernatant had increased levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17, and cathepsin K was upregulated in the treatment group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Micro-pulse vibration promotes the production of soluble factors that inhibit osteoclasts, promote apoptosis and activate osteoblasts in vitro, which could increase bone mineral density. Further studies should be conducted in order to understand the biological mechanism of how micro-vibration might influence tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador García-López
- Health Science Department/Cell Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, 04960, Mexico City, Mexico; Orthodontic Department, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", UNAM, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico; Universidad Intercontinental, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rosina E Villanueva
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 04960, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Felipe Massó-Rojas
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Araceli Páez-Arenas
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Murray C Meikle
- Emeritus Professor King's College, Dental Institute, at Guy's, King's and St. Thomas's Hospital, University of London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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31
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Bourzac C, Bensidhoum M, Pallu S, Portier H. Use of adult mesenchymal stromal cells in tissue repair: impact of physical exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C642-C654. [PMID: 31241985 PMCID: PMC6850997 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00530.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) has unquestionable beneficial effects on health, which likely extend into several organ-to-cell physiological processes. At the cell scale, endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to tissue repair, although their repair capacities may be insufficient in paucicellular or severely damaged tissues. For this reason, MSC transplantation holds great promise for tissue repair. With the goals of understanding if PE has beneficial effects on MSC biology and if PE potentiates their role in tissue repair, we reviewed literature reports regarding the effects of PE on MSC properties (specifically, proliferation, differentiation, and homing) and of a combination of PE and MSC transplantation on tissue repair (specifically neural, cartilage, and muscular tissues). Contradictory results have been reported; interpretation is complicated because various and different species, cell sources, and experimental protocols, specifically exercise programs, have been used. On the basis of these data, the effects of exercise on MSC proliferation and differentiation depend on exercise characteristics (type, intensity, duration, etc.) and on the characteristics of the tissue from which the MSCs were collected. For the in vitro studies, the level of strain (and other details of the mechanical stimulus), the time elapsed between the end of exposure to strain and MSC collection, the age of the donors, as well as the passage number at which the MSCs are evaluated also play a role. The combination of PE and MSC engraftment improves neural, cartilage, and muscular tissue recovery, but it is not clear whether the effects of MSCs and exercise are additive or synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bourzac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
| | - Stephane Pallu
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
- Université d'Orléans, Le Collegium sciences et techniques (COST), Orléans, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
- Université d'Orléans, Le Collegium sciences et techniques (COST), Orléans, France
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Borgiani E, Figge C, Kruck B, Willie BM, Duda GN, Checa S. Age-Related Changes in the Mechanical Regulation of Bone Healing Are Explained by Altered Cellular Mechanoresponse. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1923-1937. [PMID: 31121071 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing age is associated with a reduced bone regeneration potential and increased risk of morbidities and mortality. A reduced bone formation response to mechanical loading has been shown with aging, and it remains unknown if the interplay between aging and mechanical stimuli during regeneration is similar to adaptation. We used a combined in vivo/in silico approach to investigate age-related alterations in the mechanical regulation of bone healing and identified the relative impact of altered cellular function on tissue patterns during the regenerative cascade. To modulate the mechanical environment, femoral osteotomies in adult and elderly mice were stabilized using either a rigid or a semirigid external fixator, and the course of healing was evaluated using histomorphometric and micro-CT analyses at 7, 14, and 21 days post-surgery. Computer models were developed to investigate the influence of the local mechanical environment within the callus on tissue formation patterns. The models aimed to identify the key processes at the cellular level that alter the mechanical regulation of healing with aging. Fifteen age-related biological alterations were investigated on two levels (adult and elderly) with a design of experiments setup. We show a reduced response to changes in fixation stability with age, which could be explained by reduced cellular mechanoresponse, simulated as alteration of the ranges of mechanical stimuli driving mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Cellular mechanoresponse has been so far widely ignored as a therapeutic target in aged patients. Our data hint to mechanotherapeutics as a potential treatment to enhance bone healing in the elderly. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Borgiani
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Figge
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Kruck
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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Screening of perfused combinatorial 3D microenvironments for cell culture. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:222-236. [PMID: 31255663 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials combining biochemical and biophysical cues to establish close-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) models have been explored for cell expansion and differentiation purposes. Multivariate arrays are used as material-saving and rapid-to-analyze platforms, which enable selecting hit-spotted formulations targeting specific cellular responses. However, these systems often lack the ability to emulate dynamic mechanical aspects that occur in specific biological milieus and affect physiological phenomena including stem cells differentiation, tumor progression, or matrix modulation. We report a tailor-made strategy to address the combined effect of flow and biochemical composition of three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials on cellular response. We suggest a simple-to-implement device comprising (i) a perforated platform accommodating miniaturized 3D biomaterials and (ii) a bioreactor that enables the incorporation of the biomaterial-containing array into a disposable perfusion chamber. The system was upscaled to parallelizable setups, increasing the number of analyzed platforms per independent experiment. As a proof-of-concept, porous chitosan scaffolds with 1 mm diameter were functionalized with combinations of 5 ECM and cell-cell contact-mediating proteins, relevant for bone and dental regeneration, corresponding to 32 protein combinatorial formulations. Mesenchymal stem cells adhesion and production of an early osteogenic marker were assessed on-chip on static and under-flow dynamic perfusion conditions. Different hit-spotted biomaterial formulations were detected for the different flow regimes using direct image analysis. Cell-binding proteins still poorly explored as biomaterials components - amelogenin and E-cadherin - were here shown as relevant cell response modulators. Their combination with ECM cell-binding proteins - fibronectin, vitronectin, and type 1 collagen - rendered specific biomaterial combinations with high cell adhesion and ALP production under flow. The developed versatile system may be targeted at widespread tissue regeneration applications, and as a disease model/drug screening platform. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A perfusion system that enables cell culture in arrays of three-dimensional biomaterials under dynamic flow is reported. The effect of 31 cell-binding protein combinations in the adhesion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production of mesenchymal stem cells was assessed using a single bioreactor chamber. Flow perfusion was not only assessed as a classical enhancer/accelerator of cell growth and early osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesized that flow may affect cell-protein interactions, and that key components driving cell response may differ under static or dynamic regimes. Indeed, hit-spotted formulations that elicited highest cell attachment and ALP production on static cell culture differed from the ones detected for dynamic flow assays. The impacting role of poorly studied proteins as E-cadherin and amelogenin as biomaterial components was highlighted.
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Shear Stress in Bone Marrow has a Dose Dependent Effect on cFos Gene Expression in In Situ Culture. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:559-568. [PMID: 33281987 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mechanical stimulation of bone is necessary to maintain its mass and architecture. Osteocytes within the mineralized matrix are sensors of mechanical deformation of the hard tissue, and communicate with cells in the marrow to regulate bone remodeling. However, marrow cells are also subjected to mechanical stress during whole bone loading, and may contribute to mechanically regulated bone physiology. Previous results from our laboratory suggest that mechanotransduction in marrow cells is sufficient to cause bone formation in the absence of osteocyte signaling. In this study, we investigated whether bone formation and altered marrow cell gene expression response to stimulation was dependent on the shear stress imparted on the marrow by our loading regime. Methods Porcine trabecular bone explants were cultured in an in situ bioreactor for 5 or 28 days with stimulation twice daily. Gene expression and bone formation were quantified and compared to unstimulated controls. Correlation was used to assess the dependence on shear stress imparted by the loading regime calculated using computational fluid dynamics models. Results Vibratory stimulation resulted in a higher trabecular bone formation rate (p = 0.01) and a greater increase in bone volume fraction (p = 0.02) in comparison to control explants. Marrow cell expression of cFos increased with the calculated marrow shear stress in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.002). Conclusions The results suggest that the shear stress due to interactions between marrow cells induces a mechanobiological response. Identification of marrow cell mechanotransduction pathways is essential to understand healthy and pathological bone adaptation and remodeling.
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Facchin F, Canaider S, Tassinari R, Zannini C, Bianconi E, Taglioli V, Olivi E, Cavallini C, Tausel M, Ventura C. Physical energies to the rescue of damaged tissues. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:297-321. [PMID: 31293714 PMCID: PMC6600852 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic oscillatory patterns sustain cellular dynamics, driving the concerted action of regulatory molecules, microtubules, and molecular motors. We describe cellular microtubules as oscillators capable of synchronization and swarming, generating mechanical and electric patterns that impact biomolecular recognition. We consider the biological relevance of seeing the inside of cells populated by a network of molecules that behave as bioelectronic circuits and chromophores. We discuss the novel perspectives disclosed by mechanobiology, bioelectromagnetism, and photobiomodulation, both in term of fundamental basic science and in light of the biomedical implication of using physical energies to govern (stem) cell fate. We focus on the feasibility of exploiting atomic force microscopy and hyperspectral imaging to detect signatures of nanomotions and electromagnetic radiation (light), respectively, generated by the stem cells across the specification of their multilineage repertoire. The chance is reported of using these signatures and the diffusive features of physical waves to direct specifically the differentiation program of stem cells in situ, where they already are resident in all the tissues of the human body. We discuss how this strategy may pave the way to a regenerative and precision medicine without the needs for (stem) cell or tissue transplantation. We describe a novel paradigm based upon boosting our inherent ability for self-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Facchin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassinari
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Chiara Zannini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Eva Bianconi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Valentina Taglioli
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Elena Olivi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Claudia Cavallini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
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Pagnotti GM, Styner M, Uzer G, Patel VS, Wright LE, Ness KK, Guise TA, Rubin J, Rubin CT. Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: leveraging cell mechanosensitivity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:339-355. [PMID: 30814687 PMCID: PMC6520125 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a condition of skeletal decline that undermines quality of life, is treated with pharmacological interventions that are associated with poor adherence and adverse effects. Complicating efforts to improve clinical outcomes, the incidence of obesity is increasing, predisposing the population to a range of musculoskeletal complications and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological management of obesity has yet to deliver notable reductions in weight and debilitating complications are rarely avoided. By contrast, exercise shows promise as a non-invasive and non-pharmacological method of regulating both osteoporosis and obesity. The principal components of exercise - mechanical signals - promote bone and muscle anabolism while limiting formation and expansion of fat mass. Mechanical regulation of bone and marrow fat might be achieved by regulating functions of differentiated cells in the skeletal tissue while biasing lineage selection of their common progenitors - mesenchymal stem cells. An inverse relationship between adipocyte versus osteoblast fate selection from stem cells is implicated in clinical conditions such as childhood obesity and increased marrow adiposity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as contributing to skeletal frailty. Understanding how exercise-induced mechanical signals can be used to improve bone quality while decreasing fat mass and metabolic dysfunction should lead to new strategies to treat chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Pagnotti
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- College of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Vihitaben S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Laura E Wright
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Bodle J, Hamouda MS, Cai S, Williams RB, Bernacki SH, Loboa EG. Primary Cilia Exhibit Mechanosensitivity to Cyclic Tensile Strain and Lineage-Dependent Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8009. [PMID: 31142808 PMCID: PMC6541635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-motile primary cilia are dynamic cellular sensory structures and are expressed in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). We have previously shown that primary cilia are involved in chemically-induced osteogenic differentiation of human ASC (hASCs) in vitro. Further, we have reported that 10% cyclic tensile strain (1 Hz, 4 hours/day) enhances hASC osteogenesis. We hypothesize that primary cilia respond to cyclic tensile strain in a lineage dependent manner and that their mechanosensitivity may regulate the dynamics of signaling pathways localized to the cilium. We found that hASC morphology, cilia length and cilia conformation varied in response to culture in complete growth, osteogenic differentiation, or adipogenic differentiation medium, with the longest cilia expressed in adipogenically differentiating cells. Further, we show that cyclic tensile strain both enhances osteogenic differentiation of hASCs while it suppresses adipogenic differentiation as evidenced by upregulation of RUNX2 gene expression and downregulation of PPARG and IGF-1, respectively. This study demonstrates that hASC primary cilia exhibit mechanosensitivity to cyclic tensile strain and lineage-dependent expression, which may in part regulate signaling pathways localized to the primary cilium during the differentiation process. We highlight the importance of the primary cilium structure in mechanosensing and lineage specification and surmise that this structure may be a novel target in manipulating hASC for in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Bodle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
| | - Mehdi S Hamouda
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Shaobo Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Ramey B Williams
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Susan H Bernacki
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
- College of Engineering at University of Missouri, W1051 Thomas & Nell Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Hawkes CP, Mostoufi-Moab S. Fat-bone interaction within the bone marrow milieu: Impact on hematopoiesis and systemic energy metabolism. Bone 2019; 119:57-64. [PMID: 29550266 PMCID: PMC6139083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between fat, bone and systemic metabolism is a growing area of scientific interest. Marrow adipose tissue is a well-recognized component of the bone marrow milieu and is metabolically distinct from current established subtypes of adipose tissue. Despite recent advances, the functional significance of marrow adipose tissue is still not clearly delineated. Bone and fat cells share a common mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) within the bone marrow, and hormones and transcription factors such as growth hormone, leptin, and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ influence MSC differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. MSC osteogenic potential is more vulnerable than adipogenic potential to radiation and chemotherapy, and this confers a risk for an abnormal fat-bone axis in survivors following cancer therapy and bone marrow transplantation. This review provides a summary of data from animal and human studies describing the relationship between marrow adipose tissue and hematopoiesis, bone mineral density, bone strength, and metabolic function. The significance of marrow adiposity in other metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, and estrogen and growth hormone deficiency are also discussed. We conclude that marrow adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ with important metabolic functions contributing to bone energy maintenance, osteogenesis, bone remodeling, and hematopoiesis. Future studies on the metabolic role of marrow adipose tissue may provide the critical insight necessary for selecting targeted therapeutic interventions to improve altered hematopoiesis and augment skeletal remodeling in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Hawkes
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S Mostoufi-Moab
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Benayahu D, Wiesenfeld Y, Sapir-Koren R. How is mechanobiology involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward the osteoblastic or adipogenic fate? J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12133-12141. [PMID: 30633367 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology plays a major role in transducing physical cues from the dynamic cellular environment into biochemical modifications that promote cell-specific differentiation paths. Mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow or in other mesenchymal tissues will differentiate according to the expression of transcription factors (TFs) that govern their lineage commitment. The favoring of either osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation relies on TF expression as well as mechanical properties of the cells' niche that are translated into the activation of certain signaling pathways. Physical factors can induce significant shifts in bipotential lineage commitment between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding a cell, varying greatly from rigid environments close to the bone surface to softer regions in the bone marrow, can influence the path of differentiation. Additionally, mechanical loading through exercise appears to favor osteogenesis whereas disuse conditions seem to promote adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Benayahu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yarden Wiesenfeld
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rony Sapir-Koren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Patel DB, Santoro M, Born LJ, Fisher JP, Jay SM. Towards rationally designed biomanufacturing of therapeutic extracellular vesicles: impact of the bioproduction microenvironment. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2051-2059. [PMID: 30218694 PMCID: PMC6250573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and others, have emerged as potential therapeutics for a variety of applications. Pre-clinical reports of EV efficacy in treatment of non-healing wounds, myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and many other injuries and diseases demonstrate the versatility of this nascent therapeutic modality. EVs have also been demonstrated to be effective in humans, and clinical trials are underway to further explore their potential. However, for EVs to become a new class of clinical therapeutics, issues related to translation must be addressed. For example, approaches originally developed for cell biomanufacturing, such as hollow fiber bioreactor culture, have been adapted for EV production, but limited knowledge of how the cell culture microenvironment specifically impacts EVs restricts the possibility for rational design and optimization of EV production and potency. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of this issue and delineate potential focus areas for future research towards enabling translation and widespread application of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya B Patel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Marco Santoro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Louis J Born
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Zago M, Capodaglio P, Ferrario C, Tarabini M, Galli M. Whole-body vibration training in obese subjects: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202866. [PMID: 30183742 PMCID: PMC6124767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (i) to determine the outcomes of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on obese individuals, and the intervention settings producing such effects; (ii) identify potential improper or harmful use of WBVT. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro and Scielo until July 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Full papers evaluating the effect of WBVT on body composition, cardiovascular status and functional performance in obese adults. Papers with PEDro score<4 were excluded. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS Risk of bias and quality of WBVT reporting were assessed with PEDro scale (randomized controlled trials) or TREND checklist (non-randomized studies) and a 14-items checklist, respectively. Weighted acceleration, daily exposure and Hedges' adjusted g were computed. RESULTS We included 18 papers published 2010-2017. Typical interventions consisted in three sessions/week of exercises (squats, calf-raises) performed on platforms vibrating at 25-40 Hz (amplitude: 1-2 mm); according to ISO 2631-1:1997, daily exposure was "unsafe" in 7/18 studies. Interventions lasting ≥6 weeks improved cardiac autonomic function and reduced central/peripheral arterial stiffness in obese women; 10 weeks of WBVT produced significant weight/fat mass reduction, leg strength improvements as resistance training, and enhanced glucose regulation when added to hypocaloric diet. No paper evidenced losses of lean mass. Isolated cases of adverse effects were reported. SUMMARY To date, WBVT is a promising adjuvant intervention therapy for obese women; long-term studies involving larger cohorts and male participants are required to demonstrate the associated safety and health benefits. The therapeutic use of WBVT in the management of obese patients is still not standardised and should be supported by an extensive knowledge on the causality between vibration parameters and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zago
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano–Italy
- Fondazione Istituto Farmacologico “Filippo Serpero”, Milano–Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrario
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano–Italy
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano–Italy
| | - Marco Tarabini
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano–Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano–Italy
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Shi N, Guo S, Su Y, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Yu Z, Yang Q, Wang N, Yi C. Improvement in the Retention Rate of Transplanted Fat in Muscle by Denervation. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:1026-1034. [PMID: 29992230 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in the retention rate of transplanted fat is currently a topic of interest. The retention of transplanted fat relies heavily on the reestablishment of blood supply and the function of the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which may both be impeded by mechanical force. However, the effect of mechanical force on the retention of adipose implants remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immobilization on fat retention rate. METHODS Immobilization was carried out by denervation of the hind limb of rats to reduce the mechanical force. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used, and the two hind limbs were assigned at random to the immobilization side and the control side. On average, 0.4 mL of fat was injected into the bilateral muscle and subcutaneous space of the hind limb, and 6 rats were sacrificed at each time point. The outcome measures included the retention rate, the histologic evaluation, and the density of new vessels and proliferative ADSCs. RESULTS For the muscle fat, the retention rate improved, and more proliferative ADSCs and new vessels were found in the immobilization group. The histologic evaluation between the two sides was of no statistical significance. For the fat in the subcutaneous space, no statistical difference was observed in all the outcome measures between the two sides. CONCLUSIONS Regional immobilization of the recipient site by denervation can improve the retention of the fat graft in muscles owing to improved density of the new vessels and proliferative ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
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Shiran SI, Shabtai L, Ben-Sira L, Ovadia D, Wientroub S. T1-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow pattern in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a preliminary study. J Child Orthop 2018; 12:181-186. [PMID: 29707058 PMCID: PMC5902753 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.12.180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Distinct normal physiological patterns of fat conversion in vertebrae were described both for children and adults. Our aim was to evaluate the T1-weighted bone marrow pattern of the vertebral bodies in various sites along the scoliotic spine of children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated spine MRI studies of children with AIS. Scoliosis radiographs were assessed for type of curvature according to the Lenke classification. A paediatric neuroradiologist assessed the T1-weighted signal of vertebral bodies in comparison with the adjacent disc and distinct patterns of fatty conversion within the apical and stable vertebral bodies. Statistical assessment was performed. RESULTS MRI study of the spines of 75 children with AIS were assessed, 59 (79%) of whom were female, with an age range of nine to 19 years. The relative overall T1-weighted signal intensity of the vertebral body bone marrow relative to the intervertebral disc was hyperintense in 76% and isointense in 24%. Fatty conversion grade of the stable vertebra was higher than the apex vertebra (p = 0.0001). A significant tendency to have more advanced fat conversion patterns in the apex vertebra up to age 13.5 years old compared with adolescents above that (p = 0.015) was seen. CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests a different pattern of bone marrow conversion in AIS from the normal physiologic pattern described in the literature. Whether these changes are secondary to the biomechanics of the curved spine or may suggest that bone marrow maturation rate and content have a role in the pathogenesis of AIS remains to be further researched. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III (Diagnostic Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. I. Shiran
- Department of Radiology, Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Correspondence should be sent to S. I. Shiran, Department of Radiology, Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel or 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 64239Israel. E-mail:
| | - L. Shabtai
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Cohen Children’s Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - L. Ben-Sira
- Department of Radiology, Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D. Ovadia
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S. Wientroub
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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External Volume Expansion Up-Regulates CXCL12 Expression and Enhances Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Recruitment toward Expanded Prefabricated Adipose Tissue in Rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141:526e-537e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Patel VS, Ete Chan M, Rubin J, Rubin CT. Marrow Adiposity and Hematopoiesis in Aging and Obesity: Exercise as an Intervention. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:105-115. [PMID: 29476393 PMCID: PMC5866776 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Changes in the bone marrow microenvironment, which accompany aging and obesity, including increased marrow adiposity, can compromise hematopoiesis. Here, we review deleterious shifts in molecular, cellular, and tissue activity and consider the potential of exercise to slow degenerative changes associated with aging and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS While bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are increased in frequency and myeloid-biased with age, the effect of obesity on HSC proliferation and differentiation remains controversial. HSC from both aged and obese environment have reduced hematopoietic reconstitution capacity following bone marrow transplant. Increased marrow adiposity affects HSC function, causing upregulation of myelopoiesis and downregulation of lymphopoiesis. Exercise, in contrast, can reduce marrow adiposity and restore hematopoiesis. The impact of marrow adiposity on hematopoiesis is determined mainly through correlations. Mechanistic studies are needed to determine a causative relationship between marrow adiposity and declines in hematopoiesis, which could aid in developing treatments for conditions that arise from disruptions in the marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihitaben S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2580, USA
| | - M Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2580, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2580, USA.
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Zhang T, Gao J, Fang J, Gong H. Multiscale investigation on the effects of additional weight bearing in combination with low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on bone quality of growing female rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:157-169. [PMID: 28293780 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of additional weight bearing in combination with low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV; 45 Hz, 0.3 g) on bone quality. One hundred twenty rats were randomly divided into ten groups; namely, sedentary (SED), additional weight bearing in which the rat wears a backpack whose weight is x% of the body weight (WBx; x = 5, 12, 19, 26), basic vibration (V), and additional weight bearing in combination with LMHFV in which the rat wears a backpack whose weight is x% of the body weight (Vx; x = 5, 12, 19, 26). The experiment was conducted for 12 weeks, 7 days per week, and 15 min per day. A three-point bending mechanical test, micro computed tomography, and a nanoindentation test were used. Serum samples were analyzed chemically. Failure load in V19 rats was significantly lower than that in SED rats (P < 0.05). Vx (x = 5, 12, 19, 26) rats showed poor microarchitectures. The content of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b was significantly higher in Vx (x = 5, 12, 19, 26) rats than that in SED rats (P < 0.05). V26 rats demonstrated comparatively better nanomechanical properties of materials than the other vibrational groups. Additional weight bearing in combination with LMHFV negatively affected the macromechanical properties and microarchitecture of bone. Heavy additional weight bearing, such as 26% of body weight, in combination with LMHFV was able to improve the nanomechanical properties of growing bone material compared with LMHFV. A combined mechanical stimulation was used, which may provide useful information to understand the mechanism of this mechanical stimulation on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazi Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - He Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China.
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Vibration loading promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. J Biomech 2018; 71:67-75. [PMID: 29503016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low magnitude high frequency vibration (LMHFV) exhibits effectively anabolic effects on the bone tissue, and can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The role of p38 MAPK signaling in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis remains unclear. In this current study, LMHFV loading was applied to BMSCs in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, as well as osteogenic genes expression were assayed. The mechanism of mechanical signal transduction was analysed using PCR array, qRT-PCR and Western blot. LMHFV increased cell proliferation in the growth medium, while inhibited proliferation in the osteogenic medium. ALP activity, matrix mineralization and osteogenic genes expression of Runx2, Col-I, ALP, OPN and OC were increased by LMHFV. p38 and MKK6 genes expression, and p38 phosphorylation were promoted in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 and targeted p38 siRNA blunted the increased ALP activity and osteogenic genes expression by LMHFV. These findings suggest that LMHFV promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and p38 MAPK signaling shows an important function in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis.
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Pamon T, Bhandal V, Adler BJ, Ete Chan M, Rubin CT. Low-intensity vibration increases cartilage thickness in obese mice. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:751-759. [PMID: 29094382 PMCID: PMC5839968 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an elevated risk of osteoarthritis (OA). We examined here whether high fat diet administered in young mice, compromised the attainment of articular cartilage thickness. Further, we sought to determine if low-intensity vibration (LIV) could protect the retention of articular cartilage in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Five-week-old, male, C57BL/6 mice were separated into three groups (n = 10): Regular diet (RD), High fat diet (HF), and HF + LIV (HFv; 90 Hz, 0.2g, 30 min/d, 5 d/w) administered for 6 weeks. Additionally, an extended HF diet study was run for 6 months (LIV at 15 m/d). Articular cartilage and subchondral bone morphology, and sulfated GAG content were quantified using contrast agent enhanced μCT and histology. Gene expression within femoral condyles was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, HF cartilage thickness was not statistically different from RD. However, LIV increased cartilage thickness compared to HF, and the elevated thickness was maintained when diet and LIV were extended into adulthood. RT-PCR analysis showed a reduction of aggrecan expression with high fat diet, while application of LIV reduced the expression of degradative MMP-13. Further, long-term HF diet resulted in subchondral bone thickening, compared to RD, providing early evidence of OA pathology-LIV suppressed the thickening, such that levels were not significantly different from RD. These data suggest that dynamic loading, via LIV, protected the retention of cartilage thickness, potentially resulting in joint surfaces better suited to endure the risks of elevated loading that parallel obesity. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:751-759, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Pamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - Vincent Bhandal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - Benjamin J. Adler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - M. Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - Clinton T. Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Cell Fate Decision to Osteoblast or Adipocyte and Application in Osteoporosis Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020360. [PMID: 29370110 PMCID: PMC5855582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and degraded bone microstructure, which leads to increased bone fragility and risks of bone fracture. Osteoporosis is generally age related and has become a major disease of the world. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and developing effective prevention and therapy methods has great significance for human health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes, and have become the favorite source of cell-based therapy. Evidence shows that during osteoporosis, a shift of the cell differentiation of MSCs to adipocytes rather than osteoblasts partly contributes to osteoporosis. Thus, uncovering the molecular mechanisms of the osteoblast or adipocyte differentiation of MSCs will provide more understanding of MSCs and perhaps new methods of osteoporosis treatment. The MSCs have been applied to both preclinical and clinical studies in osteoporosis treatment. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoblast differentiation and adipocyte differentiation of MSCs and highlight the therapeutic application studies of MSCs in osteoporosis treatment. This will provide researchers with new insights into the development and treatment of osteoporosis.
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50
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Xiao Z, Baudry J, Cao L, Huang J, Chen H, Yates CR, Li W, Dong B, Waters CM, Smith JC, Quarles LD. Polycystin-1 interacts with TAZ to stimulate osteoblastogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:157-174. [PMID: 29202470 DOI: 10.1172/jci93725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that transduce the osteoblast response to physical forces in the bone microenvironment are poorly understood. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological experiments to determine whether the polycystins PC1 and PC2 (encoded by Pkd1 and Pkd2) and the transcriptional coactivator TAZ form a mechanosensing complex in osteoblasts. Compound-heterozygous mice lacking 1 copy of Pkd1 and Taz exhibited additive decrements in bone mass, impaired osteoblast-mediated bone formation, and enhanced bone marrow fat accumulation. Bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts derived from these mice showed impaired osteoblastogenesis and enhanced adipogenesis. Increased extracellular matrix stiffness and application of mechanical stretch to multipotent mesenchymal cells stimulated the nuclear translocation of the PC1 C-terminal tail/TAZ (PC1-CTT/TAZ) complex, leading to increased runt-related transcription factor 2-mediated (Runx2-mediated) osteogenic and decreased PPARγ-dependent adipogenic gene expression. Using structure-based virtual screening, we identified a compound predicted to bind to PC2 in the PC1:PC2 C-terminal tail region with helix:helix interaction. This molecule stimulated polycystin- and TAZ-dependent osteoblastogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. Thus, we show that polycystins and TAZ integrate at the molecular level to reciprocally regulate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation, indicating that the polycystins/TAZ complex may be a potential therapeutic target to increase bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerome Baudry
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Brittany Dong
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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