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Liu C, Tang J, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Lin J, Wu S, Han J, Liu Z, Wu C, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Intracellular Zn 2+ promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in dexamethasone-treated trabecular meshwork. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1293-C1307. [PMID: 38525543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00725.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Given the widespread application of glucocorticoids in ophthalmology, the associated elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) has long been a vexing concern for clinicians, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Much of the discussion focuses on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of trabecular meshwork (TM). It is widely agreed that glucocorticoids impact the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to ECM deposition. Since Zn2+ is vital for MMPs, we explored its role in ECM alterations induced by dexamethasone (DEX). Our study revealed that in human TM cells treated with DEX, the level of intracellular Zn2+ significantly decreased, accompanied by impaired extracellular Zn2+ uptake. This correlated with changes in several Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIPs) and metallothionein. ZIP8 knockdown impaired extracellular Zn2+ uptake, but Zn2+ chelation did not affect ZIP8 expression. Resembling DEX's effects, chelation of Zn2+ decreased MMP2 expression, increased the deposition of ECM proteins, and induced structural disarray of ECM. Conversely, supplementation of exogenous Zn2+ in DEX-treated cells ameliorated these outcomes. Notably, dietary zinc supplementation in mice significantly reduced DEX-induced IOP elevation and collagen content in TM, thereby rescuing the visual function of the mice. These findings underscore zinc's pivotal role in ECM regulation, providing a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of glaucoma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study explores zinc's pivotal role in mitigating extracellular matrix dysregulation in the trabecular meshwork and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension. We found that in human trabecular meshwork cells treated with dexamethasone, intracellular Zn2+ significantly decreased, accompanied by impaired extracellular Zn2+ uptake. Zinc supplementation rescues visual function by modulating extracellular matrix proteins and lowering intraocular pressure, offering a direction for further exploration in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Siting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Caiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
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2
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Stiles LI, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Role of zinc in health and disease. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38367035 PMCID: PMC10874324 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a concise overview of the cellular and clinical aspects of the role of zinc, an essential micronutrient, in human physiology and discusses zinc-related pathological states. Zinc cannot be stored in significant amounts, so regular dietary intake is essential. ZIP4 and/or ZnT5B transport dietary zinc ions from the duodenum into the enterocyte, ZnT1 transports zinc ions from the enterocyte into the circulation, and ZnT5B (bidirectional zinc transporter) facilitates endogenous zinc secretion into the intestinal lumen. Putative promoters of zinc absorption that increase its bioavailability include amino acids released from protein digestion and citrate, whereas dietary phytates, casein and calcium can reduce zinc bioavailability. In circulation, 70% of zinc is bound to albumin, and the majority in the body is found in skeletal muscle and bone. Zinc excretion is via faeces (predominantly), urine, sweat, menstrual flow and semen. Excessive zinc intake can inhibit the absorption of copper and iron, leading to copper deficiency and anaemia, respectively. Zinc toxicity can adversely affect the lipid profile and immune system, and its treatment depends on the mode of zinc acquisition. Acquired zinc deficiency usually presents later in life alongside risk factors like malabsorption syndromes, but medications like diuretics and angiotensin-receptor blockers can also cause zinc deficiency. Inherited zinc deficiency condition acrodermatitis enteropathica, which occurs due to mutation in the SLC39A4 gene (encoding ZIP4), presents from birth. Treatment involves zinc supplementation via zinc gluconate, zinc sulphate or zinc chloride. Notably, oral zinc supplementation may decrease the absorption of drugs like ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and risedronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy I Stiles
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Ferrao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Education, King's College London, London, UK.
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3
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Wang X, Zhang M, Ma J, Tie Y, Wang S. Biochemical Markers of Zinc Nutrition. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04091-x. [PMID: 38319550 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace element involved in the biochemical and physiological functions of the organism and is essential in the human body. It has been reported that 17.3% of people around the world are at risk of many diseases due to zinc deficiency, which has already affected people's healthy lives. Currently, mild zinc deficiency is difficult to diagnose early due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations, so finding zinc biomarkers is crucial for people's health. The present article reviews the main representative zinc biomarkers, such as body fluid zinc levels, zinc-dependent proteins, tissue zinc, and zinc-containing enzymes, to provide a reference for actively promoting the study of zinc nutritional status and early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063210, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063210, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050071, China
| | - Yanqing Tie
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, China.
| | - Shusong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050071, China.
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4
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Mori H, Goji A, Hara M. Upregulation of Intracellular Zinc Ion Level after Differentiation of the Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells In Vitro with the Changes in Gene Expression of Zinc Transporters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-023-04033-z. [PMID: 38180597 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We measured the intracellular zinc ion concentration of murine fetal neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and that in the differentiated cells. The NSPCs cultured with 1.5 μM Zn2+ proliferated slightly faster than that in the zinc-deficient medium and the intracellular zinc concentration of the NSPCs and that of their differentiated cells (DCs) cultured with 1.5 μM Zn2+ was 1.34-fold and 2.00-fold higher than those in the zinc-deficient medium, respectively. The zinc transporter genes upregulated over the 3.5-fold change were Zip1, Zip4, Zip12, Zip13, ZnT1, ZnT8, and ZnT10 whereas the only downregulated one was Zip8 during the differentiation of NSPCs to DCs. The cell morphologies of both NSPCs and DCs in the low oxygen culture condition consisting of 2%O2 and 5%CO2, the high carbon dioxide condition consisting of 21%O2 and 10%CO2, and the normal condition consisting of 21%O2 and 5%CO2 were essentially the same each other. The expression of Zip4, Zip8, Zip12, and Zip14 was not drastically changed depending on the O2 and CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akari Goji
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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5
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Bendellaa M, Lelièvre P, Coll JL, Sancey L, Deniaud A, Busser B. Roles of zinc in cancers: From altered metabolism to therapeutic applications. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:7-20. [PMID: 37610131 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a crucial trace element involved in various cellular processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis and immune response, contributing to cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of Zn homeostasis occurs in certain cancers. This review discusses the role of Zn in cancer and its associated components, such as Zn-related proteins, their potential as biomarkers and the use of Zn-based strategies for tumor treatment. ZIP and ZnT proteins regulate Zn metabolism under normal conditions, but their expression is aberrant in cancer. These Zn proteins can serve as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers, aiding in early cancer detection and disease monitoring. Moreover, targeting Zn and its pathways offers potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Modulating Zn biodistribution within cells using metal-binding agents allows for the control of downstream signaling pathways. Direct utilization of zinc as a therapeutic agent, including Zn supplementation or Zn oxide nanoparticle administration, holds promise for improving the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bendellaa
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Lelièvre
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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7
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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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8
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Yang L, Zhang X, Liu Q, Wen Y, Wang Q. Update on the ZNT8 epitope and its role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:447-458. [PMID: 38099391 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific chronic autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells. ZnT8 is a pancreatic islet-specific zinc transporter that is mainly located in β cells. It not only participates in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin but also maintains the structural integrity of insulin. ZnT8 is the main autoantigen recognized by autoreactive CD8+ T cells in children and adults with T1D. This article summarizes the latest research results on the T lymphocyte epitope and B lymphocyte epitope of ZnT8 in the current literature. The structure and expression of ZnT8, the role of ZnT8 in insulin synthesis and its role in autoimmunity are reviewed. ZnT8 is the primary autoantigen of T1D and is specifically expressed in pancreatic islets. Thus, it is one of biomarkers for the diagnosis of T1D. It has broad prospects for further research on immunomodulators for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China -
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9
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Harvey I, Richard AJ, Mendoza TM, Stephens JM. Adipocyte STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) is not required for glucocorticoid-induced metabolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E438-E447. [PMID: 37702737 PMCID: PMC10864007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00116.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Excess glucocorticoid (GC) signaling in adipose tissue is a key driver of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, but underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling in adipocytes has also been implicated in the progression of similar metabolic disturbances. Although STAT5 has been shown to interact with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in many cell types including adipocytes, the relevance of the STAT5/GR complex has not been investigated in adipocytes. Adult male and female adipocyte-specific STAT5 knockout (STAT5AKO) and floxed mice were given corticosterone (CORT) or vehicle in their drinking water for 1 wk and examined for differences in their metabolic responses to GC excess. CORT-induced lipolysis, insulin resistance, and changes in body composition were comparable between genotypes and in both sexes. Adipocyte STAT5 is not necessary for GC-mediated progression of metabolic disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor contribute to metabolic processes and type 2 diabetes, in large part, due to their functions in adipocytes. These two transcription factors can form a complex and function together. Our novel studies determined the role of adipocyte STAT5 in glucocorticoid-induced diabetes. We observed that STAT5 in adipocytes is not needed for glucocorticoid-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Tamra M Mendoza
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
- Biological Sciences Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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10
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Brugger D, Wagner B, Windisch WM, Schenkel H, Schulz K, Südekum KH, Berk A, Pieper R, Kowalczyk J, Spolders M. Review: Bioavailability of trace elements in farm animals: definition and practical considerations for improved assessment of efficacy and safety. Animal 2022; 16:100598. [PMID: 35952480 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the authorisation procedure of trace elements as feed additives in the European Union according to Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 does not consider the bioavailability of trace element sources. This manuscript provides framework conditions for in vivo experiments that aim to estimate differences in the relative bioavailability between supplements of essential trace elements. Framework conditions encompass necessary technical information on the test substance, the experimental design and diet composition as well as the suitability of status parameters that allow for relative comparisons of regression variables. This manuscript evolves recommendations for researchers to conduct solid and reliable experiments on the matter as well as decision makers to interpret the value of studies submitted with authorisation applications regarding a certain trace element supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brugger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Wagner
- BfR-Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - W M Windisch
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - H Schenkel
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Strasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Schulz
- BfR-Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - K-H Südekum
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Berk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Pieper
- BfR-Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kowalczyk
- BfR-Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Spolders
- BfR-Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Liu SZ, Xu YC, Tan XY, Zhao T, Zhang DG, Yang H, Luo Z. Transcriptional Regulation and Protein Localization of Zip10, Zip13 and Zip14 Transporters of Freshwater Teleost Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Following Zn Exposure in a Heterologous HEK293T Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148034. [PMID: 35887381 PMCID: PMC9321221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Zip family proteins are involved in the control of zinc (Zn) ion homeostasis. The present study cloned the promoters and investigated the transcription responses and protein subcellular localizations of three LIV-1 subfamily members (zip10, zip13, and zip14) from common freshwater teleost yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, using in vitro cultured HEK293T model cells. The 2278 bp, 1917 bp, and 1989 bp sequences of zip10, zip13, and zip14 promoters, respectively, were subcloned into pGL3-Basic plasmid for promoter activity analysis. The pcDNA3.1 plasmid coding EGFP tagged pfZip10, pfZip13, and pfZip14 were generated for subsequent confocal microscope analysis. Several potential transcription factors’ binding sites were predicted within the promoters. In vitro promoter analysis in the HEK293T cells showed that high Zn administration significantly reduced the transcriptional activities of the zip10, zip13, and zip14 promoters. The −2017 bp/−2004 bp MRE in the zip10 promoter, the −360 bp/−345 bp MRE in the zip13 promoter, and the −1457 bp/−1442 bp MRE in the zip14 promoter were functional loci that were involved in the regulation of the three zips. The −606 bp/−594 bp KLF4 binding site in the zip13 promoter was a functional locus responsible for zinc-responsive regulation of zip13. The −1383 bp/−1375 bp STAT3 binding site in the zip14 promoter was a functional locus responsible for zinc-responsive regulation of zip14. Moreover, confocal microscope analysis indicated that zinc incubation significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity of pfZip10-EGFP and pfZip14-EGFP but had no significant influence on pfZip13-EGFP fluorescence intensity. Further investigation found that pfZip10 localizes on cell membranes, pfZip14 colocalized with both cell membranes and lysosome, and pfZip13 colocalized with intracellular ER and Golgi. Our research illustrated the transcription regulation of zip10, zip13, and zip14 from P. fulvidraco under zinc administration, which provided a reference value for the mechanisms involved in Zip-family-mediated control of zinc homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Zan Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tao Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Dian-Guang Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hong Yang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.X.); (X.-Y.T.); (T.Z.); (D.-G.Z.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-2113; Fax: +86-27-8728-2114
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12
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Willekens J, Runnels LW. Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122526. [PMID: 35745255 PMCID: PMC9231024 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development.
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13
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Barman SK, Zaman MS, Veljanoski F, Malladi CS, Mahns DA, Wu MJ. Expression profiles of the genes associated with zinc homeostasis in normal and cancerous breast and prostate cells. Metallomics 2022; 14:6601457. [PMID: 35657662 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Zn2+ dyshomeostasis is an intriguing phenomenon in breast and prostate cancers, with breast cancer cells exhibiting higher intracellular Zn2+ level compared to their corresponding normal epithelial cells, in contrast to the low Zn2+ level in prostate cancer cells. In order to gain molecular insights into the zinc homeostasis of breast and prostate cancer cells, this study profiled the expression of 28 genes, including 14 zinc importer genes (SLC39A1-14) which encode ZIP1-14 to transport Zn2+ into the cytoplasm, 10 zinc exporter genes (SLC30A1-10) which encode ZnT1-10 to transport Zn2+ out of the cytoplasm and 4 metallothionein genes (MT1B, MT1F, MT1X, MT2A) in breast (MCF10A, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and prostate (RWPE-1, PC3, DU145) cell lines in response to extracellular zinc exposures at a mild cytotoxic dosage and a benign dosage. The RNA samples were prepared at 0 min (T0), 30 min (T30) and 120 min (T120) in a time course with or without zinc exposure, which were used for profiling the baseline and dynamic gene expression. The up-regulation of MT genes was observed across the breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The expression landscape of SLC39A and SLC30A was revealed by the qRT-PCR data of this study, which sheds light on the divergence of intracellular Zn2+ levels for breast and prostate cancer cells. Taken together, the findings are valuable in unravelling the molecular intricacy of zinc homeostasis in breast and prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital K Barman
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Mohammad S Zaman
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Filip Veljanoski
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Chandra S Malladi
- Proteomics and Lipidomics Lab, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Ming J Wu
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
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14
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Dietary l-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid improves short-term maintenance of zinc homoeostasis in a model of subclinical zinc deficiency in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100489x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study compared the Zn response in selected tissues of weaned piglets fed L-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), while challenged with short-term subclinical Zn deficiency (SZD). During a total experimental period of eight days, 96 piglets were fed restrictively (450 g/d) a high phytate (9 g/kg) diet containing added Zn at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 45 and 75 mg/kg with and without 200 mg/kg of GLDA. No animals showed signs of clinical Zn deficiency and no phenotypical differences were observed. Broken line analysis of Zn status parameters such as liver Zn and apparently absorbed Zn indicated that the gross Zn requirement threshold was around 55 mg/kg diet. Supplementation of Zn above this threshold led to a saturation of the response in apparently absorbed Zn and linear increase in liver Zn. Bone and serum Zn responded to the dose in a linear fashion, likely due to the time-frame of Zn homoeostatic adaptation. Inclusion of GLDA into the diets yielded a higher intercept for bone Zn (P < 0·05). Liver Zn accumulation and MT1A gene expression was higher for piglets receiving GLDA (P < 0·05), indicating higher Zn influx. This study indicates that a strong chelator such as GLDA mitigates negative effects of phytate in plant-based diets, by sustaining Zn solubility, thereby improving nutritional Zn availability.
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15
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Cheng Y, Chen H. Aberrance of Zinc Metalloenzymes-Induced Human Diseases and Its Potential Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124456. [PMID: 34960004 PMCID: PMC8707169 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc, an essential micronutrient in the human body, is a component in over 300 enzymes and participates in regulating enzymatic activity. Zinc metalloenzymes play a crucial role in physiological processes including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune responses, as well as apoptosis. Aberrant enzyme activity can lead to various human diseases. In this review, we summarize zinc homeostasis, the roles of zinc in zinc metalloenzymes, the physiological processes of zinc metalloenzymes, and aberrant zinc metalloenzymes in human diseases. In addition, potential mechanisms of action are also discussed. This comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action of the regulatory functions of zinc in enzyme activity could inform novel zinc-micronutrient-supply strategies for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Cheng
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Hennigar SR, Olson CI, Kelley AM, McClung JP. Slc39a4 in the small intestine predicts zinc absorption and utilization: a comprehensive analysis of zinc transporter expression in response to diets of varied zinc content in young mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108927. [PMID: 34843931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis is primarily maintained by zinc transporters that regulate zinc uptake and efflux in the small intestine; however, the relative contribution of the many zinc transporters identified (Slc39a1-14, Slc30a1-10) to dietary zinc absorption and utilization remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Slc39a1-14 and Slc30a1-10 in the small intestine and their relative contribution to dietary zinc absorption in mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed modified AIN-93G diets containing <1, 30, or 100ppm zinc (n=15 mice/diet). Following 1 week of feeding, mice were given an oral gavage containing 67Zn and liver and plasma isotope appearance was determined 6-h later by ICP-MS. Expression of Slc39a1-14 and Slc30a1-10 was determined in mucosa from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Plasma and liver total zinc concentrations were not different after one week of feeding (P>.05). Liver and plasma appearance of 67Zn was greater in mice fed <1ppm compared to the 30ppm (P<.0001) and 100ppm (P<.0001) zinc diets. With the exception of Slc39a2, Slc39a12, Slc30a3, and Slc30a8, the remaining zinc transporters were expressed across all diets and intestinal segments. Expression of Slc39a4, Slc39a11, and Slc30a6 changed with diet (Pdiet<.05 for all); expression of Slc39a5, Slc39a7, Slc39a11, Slc39a14, Slc30a1, Slc30a2, Slc30a4, Slc30a5, Slc30a7, and Slc30a10 changed by intestinal segment (Psegment<.05 for all). Slc39a4 was the only transporter positively associated with liver (r2=0.316, P<.001) and plasma (r2=0.189, P<.01) 67Zn appearance. Although most zinc transporters are expressed in the small intestine, intestinal Slc39a4 predicts fractional zinc absorption and utilization in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland, USA.
| | - Cassandra I Olson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Alyssa M Kelley
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland, USA
| | - James P McClung
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Mousa SO, Abd Alsamia EM, Moness HM, Mohamed OG. The effect of zinc deficiency and iron overload on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:468. [PMID: 34686155 PMCID: PMC8532363 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) suffer from secondary hemosiderosis and the delirious effects this iron overload has on their different body organs, including the pancreas. They are also more prone to develop zinc deficiency than the general pediatric population. This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc deficiency and iron overload on the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in TDT children. METHODS Eighty children, already diagnosed with TDT, were included in this study. We assessed the following in the participant children: serum ferritin, serum zinc, endocrine pancreatic function (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin level and from them, HOMA-IR was calculated), and exocrine pancreatic function (serum lipase and serum amylase). RESULTS Forty-four TDT children had a subnormal zinc level, while 36 of them had a normal serum zinc level. TDT children with low serum zinc had significantly more impaired endocrine pancreatic function and an abnormally high serum lipase than children with normal serum zinc, p < 0.05 in all. Serum zinc was significantly lower in TDT children with serum ferritin above the ferritin threshold (≥2500 ng/ml) than those below (59.1 ± 20.2 vs. 77.5 ± 28.13), p = 0.02. TDT children, having a serum ferritin ≥2500 ng/ml, had significantly more frequently impaired endocrine pancreatic function and abnormally high serum lipase than TDT children below the ferritin threshold, p < 0.05 in all. CONCLUSION In children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, zinc deficiency aggravates iron-induced pancreatic exocrine and endocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan O. Mousa
- Pediatric Department, Children’s University hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal M. Abd Alsamia
- Pediatric Department, Children’s University hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Moness
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Minia University hospitals, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Pediatric Department, Children’s University hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
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18
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Zinc Signaling in the Mammary Gland: For Better and for Worse. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091204. [PMID: 34572390 PMCID: PMC8469023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) plays an essential role in epithelial physiology. Among its many effects, most prominent is its action to accelerate cell proliferation, thereby modulating wound healing. It also mediates affects in the gastrointestinal system, in the testes, and in secretory organs, including the pancreas, salivary, and prostate glands. On the cellular level, Zn2+ is involved in protein folding, DNA, and RNA synthesis, and in the function of numerous enzymes. In the mammary gland, Zn2+ accumulation in maternal milk is essential for supporting infant growth during the neonatal period. Importantly, Zn2+ signaling also has direct roles in controlling mammary gland development or, alternatively, involution. During breast cancer progression, accumulation or redistribution of Zn2+ occurs in the mammary gland, with aberrant Zn2+ signaling observed in the malignant cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of in Zn2+ the mammary gland, and the proteins controlling cellular Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling, including Zn2+ transporters and the Gq-coupled Zn2+ sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39. Significant advances in our understanding of Zn2+ signaling in the normal mammary gland as well as in the context of breast cancer provides new avenues for identification of specific targets for breast cancer therapy.
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19
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Song CC, Chen GH, Zhong CC, Chen F, Chen SW, Luo Z. Transcriptional responses of four slc30a/znt family members and their roles in Zn homeostatic modulation in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194723. [PMID: 34116248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study characterized their regulatory functions of four znt members (znt1, znt2, znt6 and znt8) in Zn homeostasis in vertebrates. We found that the -1281/-1296 bp locus on the znt1 promoter, the -1/-16 bp locus on the znt2 promoter, the -825/-839 bp locus on the znt6 promoter, the -165/-180 bp locus and the -274/-292 bp STAT3 locus on the znt8 promoter were functional MTF-1 binding sites and had metal responsive element (MRE). Zn incubation increased activities of four znt promoters, which was mediated by MRE sites on znt1, znt2, znt6 and znt8 promoters and by STAT3 binding site on znt8 promoter. Moreover, Zn activated the transcription of these znts genes through MTF-1-MRE-dependent pathway. Zn incubation up-regulated the mRNA and total protein expression of ZnT1, ZnT2 and ZnT8 at both 24 h and 48 h. Overall, for the first time, this study offered novel insights for regulatory mechanism of Zn homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chun Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chong-Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shu-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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20
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Jia R, Song Z, Lin J, Li Z, Shan G, Huang C. Gawky modulates MTF-1-mediated transcription activation and metal discrimination. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6296-6314. [PMID: 34107019 PMCID: PMC8216474 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-induced genes are usually transcribed at relatively low levels under normal conditions and are rapidly activated by heavy metal stress. Many of these genes respond preferentially to specific metal-stressed conditions. However, the mechanism by which the general transcription machinery discriminates metal stress from normal conditions and the regulation of MTF-1-meditated metal discrimination are poorly characterized. Using a focused RNAi screening in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells, we identified a novel activator, the Drosophila gawky, of metal-responsive genes. Depletion of gawky has almost no effect on the basal transcription of the metallothionein (MT) genes, but impairs the metal-induced transcription by inducing the dissociation of MTF-1 from the MT promoters and the deficient nuclear import of MTF-1 under metal-stressed conditions. This suggests that gawky serves as a 'checkpoint' for metal stress and metal-induced transcription. In fact, regular mRNAs are converted into gawky-controlled transcripts if expressed under the control of a metal-responsive promoter, suggesting that whether transcription undergoes gawky-mediated regulation is encrypted therein. Additionally, lack of gawky eliminates the DNA binding bias of MTF-1 and the transcription preference of metal-specific genes. This suggests a combinatorial control of metal discrimination by gawky, MTF-1, and MTF-1 binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhenxing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiamei Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ge Shan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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21
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Han Y, Sanford L, Simpson DM, Dowell RD, Palmer AE. Remodeling of Zn 2+ homeostasis upon differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Metallomics 2021; 12:346-362. [PMID: 31950952 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is the second most abundant transition metal in humans and an essential nutrient required for growth and development of newborns. During lactation, mammary epithelial cells differentiate into a secretory phenotype, uptake zinc from blood circulation, and export it into mother's milk. At the cellular level, many zinc-dependent cellular processes, such as transcription, metabolism of nutrients, and proliferation are involved in the differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Using mouse mammary epithelial cells as a model system, we investigated the remodeling of zinc homeostasis during differentiation induced by treatment with the lactogenic hormones cortisol and prolactin. RNA-Seq at different stages of differentiation revealed changes in global gene expression, including genes encoding zinc-dependent proteins and regulators of zinc homeostasis. Increases in mRNA levels of three zinc homeostasis genes, Slc39a14 (ZIP14) and metallothioneins (MTs) I and II were induced by cortisol but not by prolactin. The cortisol-induced increase was partially mediated by the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway. An increase in the cytosolic labile Zn2+ pool was also detected in lactating mammary cells, consistent with upregulation of MTs. We found that the zinc transporter ZIP14 was important for the expression of a major milk protein, whey acid protein (WAP), as knockdown of ZIP14 dramatically decreased WAP mRNA levels. In summary, our study demonstrated remodeling of zinc homeostasis upon differentiation of mammary epithelial cells resulting in changes in cytosolic Zn2+ and differential expression of zinc homeostasis genes, and these changes are important for establishing the lactation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80303, USA. and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80303, USA. and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - David M Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80303, USA. and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80303, USA. and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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22
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The response of zinc transporter gene expression of selected tissues in a pig model of subclinical zinc deficiency. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 90:108576. [PMID: 33388346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the relative mRNA expression of all mammal zinc (Zn) transporter genes in selected tissues of weaned piglets challenged with short-term subclinical Zn deficiency (SZD). The dietary model involved restrictive feeding (450 g/animal*day-1) of a high-phytate diet (9 g/kg) supplemented with varying amounts of zinc from ZnSO4*7H2O ranging from deficient to sufficient supply levels (total diet Zn: 28.1, 33.6, 38.8, 42.7, 47.5, 58.2, 67.8, 88.0 mg Zn/kg). Total RNA preparations comprised jejunal and colonic mucosa as well as hepatic and nephric tissue. Statistical modelling involved broken-line regression (P≤.05). ZIP10 and ZIP12 mRNAs were not detected in any tissue and ZnT3 mRNA was only identified in the kidney. All other genes were expressed in all tissues but only a few gene expression patterns allowed a significant (P<.0001) fitting of broken-line regression models, indicating homeostatic regulation under the present experimental conditions. Interestingly, these genes could be subcategorized by showing significant turnarounds in their response patterns, either at ~40 or ~60 mg Zn/kg diet (P<.0001). In conclusion, the present study showed clear differences in Zn transporter gene expression in response to SZD compared to the present literature on clinical models. We recognized that certain Zn transporter genes were regulated under the present experimental conditions by two distinct homeostatic networks. For the best of our knowledge, this represents the first comprehensive screening of Zn transporter gene expression in a highly translational model to human physiology.
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23
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Souffriau J, Timmermans S, Vanderhaeghen T, Wallaeys C, Van Looveren K, Aelbrecht L, Dewaele S, Vandewalle J, Goossens E, Verbanck S, Boyen F, Eggermont M, De Commer L, De Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Tito R, Ballegeer M, Vandevyver S, Velho T, Moita LF, Hochepied T, De Bosscher K, Raes J, Van Immerseel F, Beyaert R, Libert C. Zinc inhibits lethal inflammatory shock by preventing microbe-induced interferon signature in intestinal epithelium. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11917. [PMID: 32914580 PMCID: PMC7539219 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine TNF drives inflammatory diseases, e.g., Crohn's disease. In a mouse model of TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), severe impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is observed. Zinc confers complete protection in this model. We found that zinc no longer protects in animals which lack glucocorticoids (GCs), or express mutant versions of their receptor GR in IECs, nor in mice which lack gut microbiota. RNA-seq studies in IECs showed that zinc caused reduction in expression of constitutive (STAT1-induced) interferon-stimulated response (ISRE) genes and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) genes. Since some of these genes are involved in TNF-induced cell death in intestinal crypt Paneth cells, and since zinc has direct effects on the composition of the gut microbiota (such as several Staphylococcus species) and on TNF-induced Paneth cell death, we postulate a new zinc-related anti-inflammatory mechanism. Zinc modulates the gut microbiota, causing less induction of ISRE/IRF genes in crypt cells, less TNF-induced necroptosis in Paneth cells, and less fatal evasion of gut bacteria into the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Souffriau
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Wallaeys
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Van Looveren
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsy Aelbrecht
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylviane Dewaele
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Serge Verbanck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Melanie Eggermont
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey De Commer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raul Tito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandevyver
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tiago Velho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Tino Hochepied
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Sensitivity and reliability of zinc transporter and metallothionein gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as indicators of zinc status: responses to ex vivo zinc exposure and habitual zinc intake in humans. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:361-368. [PMID: 32698913 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zn is an essential nutrient for humans; however, a sensitive biomarker to assess Zn status has not been identified. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and sensitivity of Zn transporter and metallothionein (MT) genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to Zn exposure ex vivo and to habitual Zn intake in human subjects. In study 1, human PBMCs were cultured for 24 h with 0-50 µm ZnSO4 with or without 5 µm N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), and mRNA expression of SLC30A1-10, SLC39A1-14, MT1 subtypes (A, B, E, F, G, H, L, M and X), MT2A, MT3 and MT4 mRNA was determined. In study 2, fifty-four healthy male and female volunteers (31·9 (sd 13·8) years, BMI 25·7 (sd 2·9) kg/m2) completed a FFQ, blood was collected, PBMCs were isolated and mRNA expression of selected Zn transporters and MT isoforms was determined. Study 1: MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1L, MT1M, MT1X, MT2A and SLC30A1 increased with increasing concentrations of Zn and declined with the addition of TPEN. Study 2: Average daily Zn intake was 16·0 (sd 5·3) mg/d (range: 9-31 mg/d), and plasma Zn concentrations were 15·5 (SD 2·8) μmol/l (range 11-23 μmol/l). PBMC MT2A was positively correlated with dietary Zn intake (r 0·306, P = 0·03) and total Zn intake (r 0·382, P < 0·01), whereas plasma Zn was not (P > 0·05 for both). Findings suggest that MT2A mRNA in PBMCs reflects dietary Zn intake in healthy adults and may be a component in determining Zn status.
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25
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Growth Modulatory Role of Zinc in Prostate Cancer and Application to Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082991. [PMID: 32340289 PMCID: PMC7216164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a group IIB heavy metal. It is an important regulator of major cell signaling pathways in most mammalian cells, functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. Zinc deficiency leads to severe diseases in the brain, pancreas, liver, kidneys and reproductive organs. Zinc loss occurs during tumor development in a variety of cancers. The prostate normally contains abundant intracellular zinc and zinc loss is a hallmark of the development of prostate cancer development. The underlying mechanism of this loss is not clearly understood. The knowledge that excess zinc prevents the growth of prostate cancers suggests that zinc-mediated therapeutics could be an effective approach for cancer prevention and treatment, although challenges remain. This review summarizes the specific roles of zinc in several cancer types focusing on prostate cancer. The relationship between prostate cancer and the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis is examined in detail in an effort to understand the role of zinc in prostate cancer.
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26
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Kim J, Aydemir TB, Jimenez-Rondan FR, Ruggiero CH, Kim MH, Cousins RJ. Deletion of metal transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) produces skeletal muscle wasting, endotoxemia, Mef2c activation and induction of miR-675 and Hspb7. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4050. [PMID: 32132660 PMCID: PMC7055249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents the largest pool of body zinc, however, little is known about muscle zinc homeostasis or muscle-specific zinc functions. Zip14 (Slc39a14) was the most highly expressed zinc transporter in skeletal muscle of mice in response to LPS-induced inflammation. We compared metabolic parameters of skeletal muscle from global Zip14 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice (WT). At basal steady state Zip14 KO mice exhibited a phenotype that included muscle wasting and metabolic endotoxemia. Microarray and qPCR analysis of gastrocnemius muscle RNA revealed that ablation of Zip14 produced increased muscle p-Mef2c, Hspb7 and miR-675-5p expression and increased p38 activation. ChIP assays showed enhanced binding of NF-[Formula: see text] to the Mef2c promoter. In contrast, LPS-induced systemic inflammation enhanced Zip14-dependent zinc uptake by muscle, increased expression of Atrogin1 and MuRF1 and markedly reduced MyoD. These signatures of muscle atrophy and cachexia were not influenced by Zip14 ablation, however. LPS-induced miR-675-3p and -5p expression was Zip14-dependent. Collectively, these results with an integrative model are consistent with a Zip14 function in skeletal muscle at steady state that supports myogenesis through suppression of metabolic endotoxemia and that Zip14 ablation coincides with sustained activity of phosphorylated components of signaling pathways including p-Mef2c, which causes Hspb7-dependent muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Rutgers Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Felix R Jimenez-Rondan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Courtney H Ruggiero
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert J Cousins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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27
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Pascua AM, Nikoloff N, Carranza AC, Anchordoquy JP, Quintana S, Barbisán G, Díaz S, Anchordoquy JM, Furnus CC. Reproductive hormones influence zinc homeostasis in the bovine cumulus-oocyte complex: Impact on intracellular zinc concentration and transporters gene expression. Theriogenology 2020; 146:48-57. [PMID: 32036060 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a vital trace element for the body and its bioavailability influences numerous reproductive events. However, the mechanisms that regulate Zn homeostasis in the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) are yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of estradiol 17-beta (E2), FSH and LH in Zn homeostasis regulation in bovine COC matured in vitro and Zn transporters gene expression. For this purpose, intracellular Zn levels in oocytes and cumulus cells (CC) were assessed using a Zn-specific fluorescent indicator. In addition, gene expression and sequencing of six Zn transporters (Slc39a6, Slc39a8, Slc39a14, Slc30a3, Slc30a7 and Slc30a9) were assessed. Our results demonstrated that the simultaneous presence of E2, FSH, and LH during oocyte maturation altered intracellular zinc levels and transporters expression in both oocytes and CC. Transporter's gene expression was different in oocytes and CC, possibly due to cell-specific changes in Zn levels during maturation. The interaction effects of Zn with hormonal treatments influenced the results. This study emphasizes that Slc39a6 is highly sensitive to hormone induction. Overall, the hormonal modulation of Zn homeostasis in the COC was evidenced. Also, a preponderant role of FSH as a modulator of Zn intracellular levels and transporter gene expression is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pascua
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Nikoloff
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana C Carranza
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Anchordoquy
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Quintana
- CIAS - Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350 (7600), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Barbisán
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Díaz
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Anchordoquy
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia C Furnus
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout"(UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, calles 60 y 118, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología "A" Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 120 s/n, CP 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Brugger D, Windisch WM. Zn metabolism of monogastric species and consequences for the definition of feeding requirements and the estimation of feed Zn bioavailability. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:617-627. [PMID: 31273959 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of mineral nutrition research is to provide information of feed zinc (Zn) utilization efficiency and gross Zn requirements as affected by changing rearing conditions. This can be achieved only by applying precise experimental models that acknowledge the basic principles of Zn metabolism. This review article summarizes the most important aspects of Zn homeostasis in monogastric species, including molecular aspects of Zn acquisition and excretion. Special emphasis is given to the role of the skeleton as well as the exocrine pancreas for animal Zn metabolism. Finally, we discuss consequences arising from these physiological principles for the experimental design of trials which aim to address questions of Zn requirements and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brugger
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilhelm M Windisch
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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29
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Thokala S, Bodiga VL, Kudle MR, Bodiga S. Comparative Response of Cardiomyocyte ZIPs and ZnTs to Extracellular Zinc and TPEN. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:297-307. [PMID: 30778755 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular zinc concentrations are tightly regulated by the coordinated regulation of ZIPs and ZnTs. Very little is known about the regulation of these transporters in cardiomyocytes, in response to extracellular zinc. Adult rat cardiomyocytes express ZnTs 1, 2, 5, and 9, in addition to ZIPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14. We have determined the intracellular free zinc levels using Zinpyr-1 fluorescence and studied response of ZIP and ZnT mRNA by real-time PCR to the changes in extracellular zinc and TPEN in adult rat ventricular myocytes. TPEN downregulated ZnT1, ZnT2, and ZIP11 mRNAs but upregulated ZnT5, ZIP2, ZIP7, ZIP10, ZIP13, and ZIP14 mRNAs. Zinc supplementation upregulated ZnT1, ZnT2 mRNA but downregulated ZnT5, ZIP1, ZIP2, ZIP3, ZIP7, ZIP9, and ZIP10 mRNA. The negative regulation of ZIPs by zinc excess can be explained in terms of zinc homeostasis as these transporters may act to protect cells from zinc over accumulation by reducing zinc influx when the extracellular concentration of zinc is high. Similarly, the ZnT expression appears to be regulated to avoid loss of zinc from the intracellular milieu, under zinc-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madhukar Rao Kudle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India.
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30
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Cao AL, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Hudson LG, Ho E. Zinc deficiency alters the susceptibility of pancreatic beta cells (INS-1) to arsenic exposure. Biometals 2019; 32:845-859. [PMID: 31542844 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells produce and release insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, and their dysfunction contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. Zinc deficiency and inorganic arsenic exposure both independently associate with the development of diabetes, although the effects of their combination on pancreatic beta cell health and function remain unknown. We hypothesized zinc deficiency increases the toxicity associated with arsenic exposure, causing an increased susceptibility to DNA damage and disruption of insulin production. Zinc deficiency decreased cell proliferation by 30% in pancreatic INS-1 rat insulinoma cells. Arsenic exposure (0, 50 or 500 ppb exposures) significantly decreased cell proliferation, and increased mRNA levels of genes involved in stress response (Mt1, Mt2, Hmox1) and DNA damage (p53, Ogg1). When co-exposed to both zinc deficiency and arsenic, zinc deficiency attenuated this response to arsenic, decreasing the expression of Mt1, Hmox1, and Ogg1, and significantly increasing DNA double-strand breaks 2.9-fold. Arsenic exposure decreased insulin expression, but co-exposure did not decrease insulin levels beyond the arsenic alone condition, but did result in a further 33% decline in cell proliferation at the 500 ppb arsenic dose, and a significant increase in beta cell apoptosis. These results suggest zinc deficiency and arsenic, both independently and in combination, adversely affect pancreatic beta cell health and both factors should be considered in the evaluation of health outcomes for susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L Cao
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. .,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. .,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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31
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Kondaiah P, Yaduvanshi PS, Sharp PA, Pullakhandam R. Iron and Zinc Homeostasis and Interactions: Does Enteric Zinc Excretion Cross-Talk with Intestinal Iron Absorption? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081885. [PMID: 31412634 PMCID: PMC6722515 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients required for growth and health. Deficiencies of these nutrients are highly prevalent among populations, but can be alleviated by supplementation and food fortification. Cross-sectional studies in humans showed positive association of serum zinc levels with hemoglobin and markers of iron status. Dietary restriction of zinc or intestinal specific conditional knock out of ZIP4 (SLC39A4), an intestinal zinc transporter, in experimental animals demonstrated iron deficiency anemia and tissue iron accumulation. Similarly, increased iron accumulation has been observed in cultured cells exposed to zinc deficient media. These results together suggest a potential role of zinc in modulating intestinal iron absorption and mobilization from tissues. Studies in intestinal cell culture models demonstrate that zinc induces iron uptake and transcellular transport via induction of divalent metal iron transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN1) expression, respectively. It is interesting to note that intestinal cells are exposed to very high levels of zinc through pancreatic secretions, which is a major route of zinc excretion from the body. Therefore, zinc appears to be modulating the iron metabolism possibly via regulating the DMT1 and FPN1 levels. Herein we critically reviewed the available evidence to hypothesize novel mechanism of Zinc-DMT1/FPN1 axis in regulating intestinal iron absorption and tissue iron accumulation to facilitate future research aimed at understanding the yet elusive mechanisms of iron and zinc interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palsa Kondaiah
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Paul A Sharp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Raghu Pullakhandam
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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32
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McNeill RV, Mason AS, Hodson ME, Catto JWF, Southgate J. Specificity of the Metallothionein-1 Response by Cadmium-Exposed Normal Human Urothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061344. [PMID: 30884885 PMCID: PMC6471910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to cadmium is associated with the development of urothelial cancer. The metallothionein (MT) family of genes encodes proteins that sequester metal ions and modulate physiological processes, including zinc homeostasis. Little is known about the selectivity of expression of the different MT isoforms. Here, we examined the effect of cadmium exposure on MT gene and isoform expression by normal human urothelial (NHU) cell cultures. Baseline and cadmium-induced MT gene expression was characterized by next-generation sequencing and RT-PCR; protein expression was assessed by Western blotting using isoform-specific antibodies. Expression of the zinc transporter-1 (SLC30A1) gene was also assessed. NHU cells displayed transcription of MT-2A, but neither MT-3 nor MT-4 genes. Most striking was a highly inducer-specific expression of MT-1 genes, with cadmium inducing transcription of MT-1A, MT-1G, MT-1H, and MT-1M. Whereas MT-1G was also induced by zinc and nickel ions and MT-1H by iron, both MT-1A and MT-1M were highly cadmium-specific, which was confirmed for protein using isoform-specific antibodies. Protein but not transcript endured post-exposure, probably reflecting sequestration. SLC30A1 transcription was also affected by cadmium ion exposure, potentially reflecting perturbation of intracellular zinc homeostasis. We conclude that human urothelium displays a highly inductive profile of MT-1 gene expression, with two isoforms identified as highly specific to cadmium, providing candidate transcript and long-lived protein biomarkers of cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon V McNeill
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Andrew S Mason
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Mark E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Golan Y, Lehvy A, Horev G, Assaraf YG. High proportion of transient neonatal zinc deficiency causing alleles in the general population. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:828-840. [PMID: 30450693 PMCID: PMC6349188 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function (LoF) mutations in the zinc transporter SLC30A2/ZnT2 result in impaired zinc secretion into breast milk consequently causing transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) in exclusively breastfed infants. However, the frequency of TNZD causing alleles in the general population is yet unknown. Herein, we investigated 115 missense SLC30A2/ZnT2 mutations from the ExAC database, equally distributed in the entire coding region, harboured in 668 alleles in 60 706 healthy individuals of diverse ethnicity. To estimate the frequency of LoF SLC30A2/ZnT2 mutations in the general population, we used bioinformatics tools to predict the potential impact of these mutations on ZnT2 functionality, and corroborated these predictions by a zinc transport assay in human MCF-7 cells. We found 14 missense mutations that were markedly deleterious to zinc transport. Together with two conspicuous LoF mutations in the ExAC database, 26 SLC30A2/ZnT2 alleles harboured deleterious mutations, suggesting that at least 1 in 2334 newborn infants are at risk to develop TNZD. This high frequency of TNZD mutations combined with the World Health Organization-promoted increase in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding highlights the importance of genetic screening for inactivating SLC30A2/ZnT2 mutations in the general population for the early diagnosis and prevention of TNZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Golan
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adrian Lehvy
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guy Horev
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, The Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Paskavitz AL, Quintana J, Cangussu D, Tavera-Montañez C, Xiao Y, Ortiz-Miranda S, Navea JG, Padilla-Benavides T. Differential expression of zinc transporters accompanies the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:27-34. [PMID: 29895369 PMCID: PMC6082398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc transporters facilitate metal mobilization and compartmentalization, playing a key role in cellular development. Little is known about the mechanisms and pathways of Zn movement between Zn transporters and metalloproteins during myoblast differentiation. We analyzed the differential expression of ZIP and ZnT transporters during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Zn transporters account for a transient decrease of intracellular Zn upon myogenesis induction followed by a gradual increase of Zn in myotubes. Considering the subcellular localization and function of each of the Zn transporters, our findings indicate that a fine regulation is necessary to maintain correct metal concentrations in the cytosol and subcellular compartments to avoid toxicity, maintain homeostasis, and for loading metalloproteins needed during myogenesis. This study advances our basic understanding of the complex Zn transport network during muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Paskavitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA; Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Julia Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Daniella Cangussu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Cristina Tavera-Montañez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Sonia Ortiz-Miranda
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Juan G Navea
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Araya S, Kuster E, Gluch D, Mariotta L, Lutz C, Reding TV, Graf R, Verrey F, Camargo SMR. Exocrine pancreas glutamate secretion help to sustain enterocyte nutritional needs under protein restriction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G517-G536. [PMID: 29167114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00135.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is the most concentrated amino acid in blood and considered conditionally essential. Its requirement is increased during physiological stress, such as malnutrition or illness, despite its production by muscle and other organs. In the malnourished state, Gln has been suggested to have a trophic effect on the exocrine pancreas and small intestine. However, the Gln transport capacity, the functional relationship of these two organs, and the potential role of the Gln-glutamate (Glu) cycle are unknown. We observed that pancreatic acinar cells express lower levels of Glu than Gln transporters. Consistent with this expression pattern, the rate of Glu influx into acinar cells was approximately sixfold lower than that of Gln. During protein restriction, acinar cell glutaminase expression was increased and Gln accumulation was maintained. Moreover, Glu secretion by acinar cells into pancreatic juice and thus into the lumen of the small intestine was maintained. In the intestinal lumen, Glu absorption was preserved and Glu dehydrogenase expression was augmented, potentially providing the substrates for increasing energy production via the TCA cycle. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which Gln exerts a positive effect on exocrine pancreas and small intestine involves the Gln metabolism in acinar cells and the secretion of Glu into the small intestine lumen. The exocrine pancreas acinar cells not only avidly accumulate Gln but metabolize Gln to generate energy and to synthesize Glu for secretion in the pancreatic juice. Secreted Glu is suggested to play an important role during malnourishment in sustaining small intestinal homeostasis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glutamine (Gln) has been suggested to have a trophic effect on exocrine pancreas and small intestine in malnourished states, but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we suggest that this trophic effect derives from an interorgan relationship between exocrine pancreas and small intestine for Gln-glutamate (Glu) utilization involving the uptake and metabolism of Gln in acinar cells and secretion of Glu into the lumen of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Araya
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - E Kuster
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - D Gluch
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - L Mariotta
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - C Lutz
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - T V Reding
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - R Graf
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - F Verrey
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - S M R Camargo
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Fu X, Li Y, Huang T, Yu Z, Ma K, Yang M, Liu Q, Pan H, Wang H, Wang J, Guan M. Runx2/Osterix and Zinc Uptake Synergize to Orchestrate Osteogenic Differentiation and Citrate Containing Bone Apatite Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700755. [PMID: 29721422 PMCID: PMC5908346 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrate is essential to biomineralization of the bone especially as an integral part of apatite nanocomposite. Citrate precipitate of apatite is hypothesized to be derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) upon differentiation into mature osteoblasts. Based on 13C-labeled signals identified by solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis, boosted mitochondrial activity and carbon-source replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates coordinate to feed forward mitochondrial anabolism and deposition of citrate. Moreover, zinc (Zn2+) is identified playing dual functions: (i) Zn2+ influx is influenced by ZIP1 which is regulated by Runx2 and Osterix to form a zinc-Runx2/Osterix-ZIP1 regulation axis promoting osteogenic differentiation; (ii) Zn2+ enhances citrate accumulation and deposition in bone apatite. Furthermore, age-related bone loss is associated with Zn2+ and citrate homeostasis; whereas, restoration of Zn2+ uptake alleviates age-associated declining osteogenic capacity and amount of citrate deposition. Together, these results indicate that citrate is not only a key metabolic intermediate meeting the emerging energy demand of differentiating MSCs but also participates in extracellular matrix mineralization, providing mechanistic insight into Zn2+ homeostasis and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Fu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Yunyan Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Kun Ma
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
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Golan Y, Kambe T, Assaraf YG. The role of the zinc transporter SLC30A2/ZnT2 in transient neonatal zinc deficiency. Metallomics 2018; 9:1352-1366. [PMID: 28665435 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk is the optimal nutrient mix for infants until the age of 6 months. However, in some cases, due to genetic alterations as well as nutrient deficiencies in nursing mothers, infants may suffer from inadequate levels of micronutrients upon exclusive breastfeeding. In this respect, transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the zinc transporter SLC30A2/ZnT2 gene, resulting in poor secretion of zinc into the breast milk. Consequently, infants exclusively breastfed with zinc-deficient breast milk develop severe zinc deficiency. The main initial symptoms of zinc deficiency are dermatitis, diarrhea, alopecia, and loss of appetite. Importantly, zinc supplementation of these zinc-deficient infants effectively and rapidly resolves these TNZD symptoms. In the current review, we present the major steps towards the identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying TNZD and propose novel approaches that could be implemented in order to achieve an early diagnosis of TNZD towards the prevention of TNZD morbidity. We also discuss the importance of assessing the prevalence of TNZD in the general population, while taking into consideration its autosomal dominant inheritance that was recently established, also supported by a large number of SLC30A2/ZnT2 variants recently identified in American lactating mothers. These findings indicating that TNZD is more frequent than initially thought, along with the increasing number of TNZD cases that were recently reported worldwide, prompted us here to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of SLC30A2/ZnT2 variants in order to supplement zinc-deficient infants in real-time, thus preventing TNZD morbidity and enhancing newborn health. This early genetic diagnosis of zinc deficiency could possibly prove to be a useful platform for the identification of other micronutrient deficiencies, which could be readily resolved by proper real-time supplementation of the infant's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Golan
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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Rahman MT, Karim MM. Metallothionein: a Potential Link in the Regulation of Zinc in Nutritional Immunity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:1-13. [PMID: 28585004 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional immunity describes mechanisms for withholding essential transition metals as well as directing the toxicity of these metals against infectious agents. Zinc is one of these transition elements that are essential for both humans and microbial pathogens. At the same time, Zn can be toxic both for man and microbes if its concentration is higher than the tolerance limit. Therefore a "delicate" balance of Zn must be maintained to keep the immune cells surveilling while making the level of Zn either to starve or to intoxicate the pathogens. On the other hand, the invading pathogens will exploit the host Zn pool for its survival and replication. Apparently, different sets of protein in human and bacteria are involved to maintain their Zn need. Metallothionein (MT)-a group of low molecular weight proteins, is well known for its Zn-binding ability and is expected to play an important role in that Zn balance at the time of active infection. However, the differences in structural, functional, and molecular control of biosynthesis between human and bacterial MT might play an important role to determine the proper use of Zn and the winning side. The current review explains the possible involvement of human and bacterial MT at the time of infection to control and exploit Zn for their need.
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Mechanistic insights into the protective impact of zinc on sepsis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 39:92-101. [PMID: 29279185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammation as a response to a bacterial infection, is a huge unmet medical need. Data accumulated over the last decade suggest that the nutritional status of patients as well as composition of their gut microbiome, are strongly linked with the risk to develop sepsis, the severity of the disease and prognosis. In particular, the essential micronutrient zinc is essential in the resistance against sepsis and has shown to be protective in animal models as well as in human patients. The potential mechanisms by which zinc protects in sepsis are discussed in this review paper: we will focus on the inflammatory response, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, immune response, oxidative stress and modulation of the microbiome. A full understanding of the mechanism of action of zinc may open new preventive and therapeutic interventions in sepsis.
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Knez M, Graham RD, Welch RM, Stangoulis JCR. New perspectives on the regulation of iron absorption via cellular zinc concentrations in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2128-2143. [PMID: 26177050 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency, affecting more than 30% of the total world's population. It is a major public health problem in many countries around the world. Over the years various methods have been used with an effort to try and control iron-deficiency anemia. However, there has only been a marginal reduction in the global prevalence of anemia. Why is this so? Iron and zinc are essential trace elements for humans. These metals influence the transport and absorption of one another across the enterocytes and hepatocytes, due to similar ionic properties. This paper describes the structure and roles of major iron and zinc transport proteins, clarifies iron-zinc interactions at these sites, and provides a model for the mechanism of these interactions both at the local and systemic level. This review provides evidence that much of the massive extent of iron deficiency anemia in the world may be due to an underlying deficiency of zinc. It explains the reasons for predominance of cellular zinc status in determination of iron/zinc interactions and for the first time thoroughly explains mechanisms by which zinc brings about these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Robin D Graham
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Ross M Welch
- b USDA/ARS, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca , New York , USA
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
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Bafaro E, Liu Y, Xu Y, Dempski RE. The emerging role of zinc transporters in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17029. [PMID: 29218234 PMCID: PMC5661630 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays a role in the structural or enzymatic functions of many cellular proteins. Cellular zinc homeostasis involves the opposing action of two families of metal transporters: the ZnT (SLC30) family that functions to reduce cytoplasmic zinc concentrations and the ZIP (SLC39) family that functions to increase cytoplasmic zinc concentrations. Fluctuations in intracellular zinc levels mediated by these transporter families affect signaling pathways involved in normal cell development, growth, differentiation and death. Consequently, changes in zinc transporter localization and function resulting in zinc dyshomeostasis have pathophysiological effects. Zinc dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the progression of cancer. Here we review recent progress toward understanding the structural basis for zinc transport by ZnT and ZIP family proteins, as well as highlight the roles of zinc as a signaling molecule in physiological conditions and in various cancers. As zinc is emerging as an important signaling molecule in the development and progression of cancer, the ZnT and ZIP transporters that regulate cellular zinc homeostasis are promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bafaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert E Dempski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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杨 晓. 细胞内锌稳态调控及其在胰腺癌发生发展过程中的作用. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1615-1623. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i18.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
锌参与300种以上的细胞生理过程, 包括DNA及蛋白合成、酶的活化以及细胞内信号转导过程. 同时锌也是许多酶类, 如碳酸酐酶、基质金属蛋白酶的关键组分, 而这些酶类与缺氧、血管生成、细胞增殖及肿瘤转移密切相关, 因此, 锌的获取对于恶性肿瘤的生长和进展非常重要. 细胞内锌离子的浓度变化受到ZnT1、ZIP4、金属硫蛋白及金属转录因子1等的调控, 细胞内锌稳态是多种调控机制参与下锌内流、锌外流和保留之间动态平衡的结果. 已有大量研究证实锌稳态调控失衡与胰腺癌的发生和转移有关, 因此, 锌及锌稳态的调控异常在胰腺癌的发生发展中具有重要作用.
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Able AA, Burrell JA, Stephens JM. STAT5-Interacting Proteins: A Synopsis of Proteins that Regulate STAT5 Activity. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010020. [PMID: 28287479 PMCID: PMC5372013 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) are key components of the JAK/STAT pathway. Of the seven STATs, STAT5A and STAT5B are of particular interest for their critical roles in cellular differentiation, adipogenesis, oncogenesis, and immune function. The interactions of STAT5A and STAT5B with cytokine/hormone receptors, nuclear receptors, transcriptional regulators, proto-oncogenes, kinases, and phosphatases all contribute to modulating STAT5 activity. Among these STAT5 interacting proteins, some serve as coactivators or corepressors to regulate STAT5 transcriptional activity and some proteins can interact with STAT5 to enhance or repress STAT5 signaling. In addition, a few STAT5 interacting proteins have been identified as positive regulators of STAT5 that alter serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 while other proteins have been identified as negative regulators of STAT5 via dephosphorylation. This review article will discuss how STAT5 activity is modulated by proteins that physically interact with STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Able
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jasmine A Burrell
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Hara T, Takeda TA, Takagishi T, Fukue K, Kambe T, Fukada T. Physiological roles of zinc transporters: molecular and genetic importance in zinc homeostasis. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:283-301. [PMID: 28130681 PMCID: PMC10717645 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral that regulates the expression and activation of biological molecules such as transcription factors, enzymes, adapters, channels, and growth factors, along with their receptors. Zn deficiency or excessive Zn absorption disrupts Zn homeostasis and affects growth, morphogenesis, and immune response, as well as neurosensory and endocrine functions. Zn levels must be adjusted properly to maintain the cellular processes and biological responses necessary for life. Zn transporters regulate Zn levels by controlling Zn influx and efflux between extracellular and intracellular compartments, thus, modulating the Zn concentration and distribution. Although the physiological functions of the Zn transporters remain to be clarified, there is growing evidence that Zn transporters are related to human diseases, and that Zn transporter-mediated Zn ion acts as a signaling factor, called "Zinc signal". Here we describe critical roles of Zn transporters in the body and their contribution at the molecular, biochemical, and genetic levels, and review recently reported disease-related mutations in the Zn transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Takeda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Fukue
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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46
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Gannon BM, Pixley KV, Tanumihardjo SA. Maize Milling Method Affects Growth and Zinc Status but Not Provitamin A Carotenoid Bioefficacy in Male Mongolian Gerbils. J Nutr 2017; 147:337-345. [PMID: 28148686 PMCID: PMC5320399 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.241935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin A (VA) and zinc deficiencies are prevalent. Maize is a common staple, and milling affects nutrient and nutrient-modifier profiles.Objective: We investigated the interaction of maize milling methods (i.e., whole grain compared with refined) in male Mongolian gerbils aged 29-35 d with conventionally bred provitamin A-biofortified (orange) or white maize on VA and zinc status.Methods: Study 1 (n = 67) was a 2 × 3 milling (whole compared with refined) by VA [no-vitamin A placebo group (VA-), orange, and VA-supplemented group (VA+)] design, with 4 wk of VA depletion followed by six 4-wk treatments (n = 10/treatment). Study 2 (n = 33) was a 2 × 2 milling-by-zinc [no-zinc placebo group (Zn-) compared with zinc-supplemented group (Zn+)] design, including 2 wk of VA depletion followed by four 3-wk treatments (n = 8-9/treatment). For study 1, positive and negative control groups were given supplemental VA at equimolar amounts to β-carotene equivalents consumed by the orange groups (74 ± 5 nmol/d) or placebo, respectively. For study 2, positive and negative control groups were given 152 μg Zn/d or placebo, respectively.Results: Milling significantly affected zinc concentration, providing 44-45% (whole grain) or 9-14% (refined) NRC requirements. In study 1, orange maize improved liver VA concentrations (mean ± SD: 0.28 ± 0.08 μmol/g) compared with the white maize groups (0.072 ± 0.054 μmol/g). Provitamin A bioefficacy was similar. In study 2, neither zinc nor milling influenced liver retinol. Refined Zn- gerbils weighed less than others by day 14 (46.6 ± 7.1 compared with 56.5 ± 3.5 g, respectively; P < 0.0001). Milling affected pancreas zinc concentrations (refined Zn-: 21.1 ± 1.8 μg Zn/g; whole Zn-: 32.5 ± 5.8 μg Zn/g).Conclusions: Whole-grain intake improved zinc and did not affect provitamin A bioefficacy. Other factors affected by milling (e.g., shelf life, preference, aflatoxin fractioning) need to be considered to maximize health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Kevin V Pixley
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; and
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and
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47
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Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GC) regulate essential physiological functions including energy homeostasis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and the stress response. From the biomedical perspective, GC have garnered a tremendous amount of attention as highly potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications indispensable in the clinic. GC signal through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor whose structure, DNA binding, and the molecular partners that it employs to regulate transcription have been under intense investigation for decades. In particular, next-generation sequencing-based approaches have revolutionized the field by introducing a unified platform for a simultaneous genome-wide analysis of cellular activities at the level of RNA production, binding of transcription factors to DNA and RNA, and chromatin landscape and topology. Here we describe fundamental concepts of GC/GR function as established through traditional molecular and in vivo approaches and focus on the novel insights of GC biology that have emerged over the last 10 years from the rapidly expanding arsenal of system-wide genomic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sacta
- Hospital for Special Surgery, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021; .,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering MD/PhD program, New York, NY 10021
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- Hospital for Special Surgery, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021;
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021; .,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering MD/PhD program, New York, NY 10021
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48
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Chevallet M, Gallet B, Fuchs A, Jouneau PH, Um K, Mintz E, Michaud-Soret I. Metal homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes exposed to sub-toxic doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18495-18506. [PMID: 27782264 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased production and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in consumer products has prompted the scientific community to investigate their potential toxicity, and understand their impact on the environment and organisms. Molecular mechanisms involved in ZnO-NP toxicity are still under debate and focus essentially on high dose expositions. In our study, we chose to evaluate the effect of sub-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs on human hepatocytes (HepG2) with a focus on metal homeostasis and redox balance disruptions. We showed massive dissolution of ZnO-NPs outside the cell, transport and accumulation of zinc ions inside the cell but no evidence of nanoparticle entry, even when analysed by high resolution TEM microscopy coupled with EDX. Gene expression analysis highlighted zinc homeostasis disruptions as shown by metallothionein 1X and zinc transporter 1 and 2 (ZnT1, ZnT2) over-expression. Major oxidative stress response genes, such as superoxide dismutase 1, 2 and catalase were not induced. Phase 2 enzymes in term of antioxidant response, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and the regulating subunit of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) were slightly upregulated, but these observations may be linked solely to metal homeostasis disruptions, as these actors are involved in both metal and ROS responses. Finally, we observed abnormal mitochondria morphologies and autophagy vesicles in response to ZnO-NPs, indicating a potential role of mitochondria in storing and protecting cells from zinc excess but ultimately causing cell death at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chevallet
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - B Gallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France and CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France and CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - A Fuchs
- CEA, BIG, DIR, Grenoble, France
| | - P H Jouneau
- CEA, INAC, Minatec campus, Grenoble, France and Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-MEM-LEMMA, Grenoble, France
| | - K Um
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - E Mintz
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - I Michaud-Soret
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
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49
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Hennigar SR, Kelley AM, McClung JP. Metallothionein and Zinc Transporter Expression in Circulating Human Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Zinc Status: a Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:735-46. [PMID: 27422508 PMCID: PMC4942874 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans; however, a sensitive biomarker to assess zinc status has not been identified. The objective of this systematic review was to compile and assess studies that determined zinc transporter and/or metallothionein expression in various blood cell types and to determine their reliability and sensitivity to changes in dietary zinc. Sixteen studies were identified that determined the expression of zrt-, irt-like protein (ZIP) 1 [solute carrier family (SLC) 39A1], ZIP3 (SLC39A3), ZIP5 (SLC39A5), ZIP6 (SLC39A6), ZIP7 (SLC39A7), ZIP8 (SLC39A8), ZIP10 (SLC39A10), ZIP14 (SLC39A14), zinc transporter (ZnT)1 (SLC30A1), ZnT2 (SLC30A2), ZnT4 (SLC30A4), ZnT5 (SLC30A5), ZnT6 (SLC30A6), ZnT7 (SLC30A7), ZnT9 (SLC30A9), and/or metallothionein in various blood cells isolated from healthy adult men and women in response to zinc supplementation or depletion. Cell types included leukocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T lymphocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes. ZIP1, ZnT1, and metallothionein were the most commonly measured proteins. Changes in ZIP1 and ZnT1 in response to zinc supplementation or depletion were not consistent across studies. Leukocyte metallothionein decreased with zinc depletion (-39% change from baseline, <5 mg Zn/d, n = 2 studies) and increased with zinc supplementation in a dose-dependent manner (35%, 15-22 mg Zn/d, n = 7 studies; 267%, 50 mg Zn/d, n = 2 studies) and at the earliest time points measured; however, no change or delayed response was observed in metallothionein in erythrocytes. A greater percentage of studies demonstrated that metallothionein in leukocyte subtypes was a more reliable (100%, n = 12; 69%, n = 16) and responsive (92%, n = 12; 82%, n = 11) indicator of zinc exposure than was plasma zinc, respectively. In conclusion, current evidence indicates that metallothionein in leukocyte subtypes may be a component in determining zinc status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James P McClung
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
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50
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The Interactome of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Influence on the Actions of Glucocorticoids in Combatting Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:495-522. [PMID: 27169854 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00064-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used for decades as a first-line treatment for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, their use is often hampered by the onset of adverse effects or resistance. GCs mediate their effects via binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors. An important aspect of GR's actions, including its anti-inflammatory capacity, involves its interactions with various proteins, such as transcription factors, cofactors, and modifying enzymes, which codetermine receptor functionality. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of GR that positively or negatively affect its anti-inflammatory properties, along with mechanistic insights, if known. Emphasis is placed on the interactions that affect its anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of inflammatory and microbial diseases.
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