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Cowling CL, Homayouni AL, Callwood JB, McReynolds MR, Khor J, Ke H, Draves MA, Dehesh K, Walley JW, Strader LC, Kelley DR. ZmPILS6 is an auxin efflux carrier required for maize root morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313216121. [PMID: 38781209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant root systems play a pivotal role in plant physiology and exhibit diverse phenotypic traits. Understanding the genetic mechanisms governing root growth and development in model plants like maize is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to drought and nutrient limitations. This study focused on identifying and characterizing ZmPILS6, an annotated auxin efflux carrier, as a key regulator of various crown root traits in maize. ZmPILS6-modified roots displayed reduced network area and suppressed lateral root formation, which are desirable traits for the "steep, cheap, and deep" ideotype. The research revealed that ZmPILS6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plays a vital role in controlling the spatial distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or "auxin") in primary roots. The study also demonstrated that ZmPILS6 can actively efflux IAA when expressed in yeast. Furthermore, the loss of ZmPILS6 resulted in significant proteome remodeling in maize roots, particularly affecting hormone signaling pathways. To identify potential interacting partners of ZmPILS6, a weighted gene coexpression analysis was performed. Altogether, this research contributes to the growing knowledge of essential genetic determinants governing maize root morphogenesis, which is crucial for guiding agricultural improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - Jodi B Callwood
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Maxwell R McReynolds
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Jasper Khor
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Melissa A Draves
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Justin W Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Arshad W, Steinbrecher T, Wilhelmsson PK, Fernandez-Pozo N, Pérez M, Mérai Z, Rensing SA, Chandler JO, Leubner-Metzger G. Aethionema arabicum dimorphic seed trait resetting during transition to seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358312. [PMID: 38525145 PMCID: PMC10957558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The transition from germinating seeds to emerging seedlings is one of the most vulnerable plant life cycle stages. Heteromorphic diaspores (seed and fruit dispersal units) are an adaptive bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatiotemporally variable environments. While the roles and mechanisms of seedling traits have been studied in monomorphic species, which produce one type of diaspore, very little is known about seedlings in heteromorphic species. Using the dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae), we identified contrasting mechanisms in the germination responses to different temperatures of the mucilaginous seeds (M+ seed morphs), the dispersed indehiscent fruits (IND fruit morphs), and the bare non-mucilaginous M- seeds obtained from IND fruits by pericarp (fruit coat) removal. What follows the completion of germination is the pre-emergence seedling growth phase, which we investigated by comparative growth assays of early seedlings derived from the M+ seeds, bare M- seeds, and IND fruits. The dimorphic seedlings derived from M+ and M- seeds did not differ in their responses to ambient temperature and water potential. The phenotype of seedlings derived from IND fruits differed in that they had bent hypocotyls and their shoot and root growth was slower, but the biomechanical hypocotyl properties of 15-day-old seedlings did not differ between seedlings derived from germinated M+ seeds, M- seeds, or IND fruits. Comparison of the transcriptomes of the natural dimorphic diaspores, M+ seeds and IND fruits, identified 2,682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during late germination. During the subsequent 3 days of seedling pre-emergence growth, the number of DEGs was reduced 10-fold to 277 root DEGs and 16-fold to 164 shoot DEGs. Among the DEGs in early seedlings were hormonal regulators, in particular for auxin, ethylene, and gibberellins. Furthermore, DEGs were identified for water and ion transporters, nitrate transporter and assimilation enzymes, and cell wall remodeling protein genes encoding enzymes targeting xyloglucan and pectin. We conclude that the transcriptomes of seedlings derived from the dimorphic diaspores, M+ seeds and IND fruits, undergo transcriptional resetting during the post-germination pre-emergence growth transition phase from germinated diaspores to growing seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Arshad
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department Plant Breeding and Physiology, Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Mérai
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan A. Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jake O. Chandler
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
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Seth P, Sebastian J. Plants and global warming: challenges and strategies for a warming world. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:27. [PMID: 38163826 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE In this review, we made an attempt to create a holistic picture of plant response to a rising temperature environment and its impact by covering all aspects from temperature perception to thermotolerance. This comprehensive account describing the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these responses and potential mitigation strategies will be helpful for understanding the impact of global warming on plant life. Organisms need to constantly recalibrate development and physiology in response to changes in their environment. Climate change-associated global warming is amplifying the intensity and periodicity of these changes. Being sessile, plants are particularly vulnerable to variations happening around them. These changes can cause structural, metabolomic, and physiological perturbations, leading to alterations in the growth program and in extreme cases, plant death. In general, plants have a remarkable ability to respond to these challenges, supported by an elaborate mechanism to sense and respond to external changes. Once perceived, plants integrate these signals into the growth program so that their development and physiology can be modulated befittingly. This multifaceted signaling network, which helps plants to establish acclimation and survival responses enabled their extensive geographical distribution. Temperature is one of the key environmental variables that affect all aspects of plant life. Over the years, our knowledge of how plants perceive temperature and how they respond to heat stress has improved significantly. However, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the process still largely elusive. This review explores how an increase in the global surface temperature detrimentally affects plant survival and productivity and discusses current understanding of plant responses to high temperature (HT) and underlying mechanisms. We also highlighted potential resilience attributes that can be utilized to mitigate the impact of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyay Seth
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur (IISER Berhampur), Engineering School Road, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Jose Sebastian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur (IISER Berhampur), Engineering School Road, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India.
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Mutanwad KV, Debreczeny M, Lucyshyn D. Root Hair Imaging Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:81-94. [PMID: 38656483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetics plays a key role in determining root hair initiation and development. A complex network of genetic interactions therefore closely monitors and influences root hair phenotype and morphology. The significance of these genes can be studied by employing, for instance, loss-of-function mutants, overexpression plant lines, and fluorescently labeled constructs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a great tool to visually observe and document these morphological features. This chapter elaborates the techniques involved in handling of microscopic setup to acquire images displaying root hair distribution along the fully elongated zone of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Additionally, we illustrate an approach to visualize early fate determination of epidermal cells in the root apical meristem, by describing a method for imaging YFP tagged transgenic plant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Debreczeny
- Core Facility Multiscale Imaging, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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Bianchimano L, De Luca MB, Borniego MB, Iglesias MJ, Casal JJ. Temperature regulation of auxin-related gene expression and its implications for plant growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:7015-7033. [PMID: 37422862 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, a seminal paper demonstrated that warm temperatures increase auxin levels to promote hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we highlight recent advances in auxin-mediated thermomorphogenesis and identify unanswered questions. In the warmth, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF7 bind the YUCCA8 gene promoter and, in concert with histone modifications, enhance its expression to increase auxin synthesis in the cotyledons. Once transported to the hypocotyl, auxin promotes cell elongation. The meta-analysis of expression of auxin-related genes in seedlings exposed to temperatures ranging from cold to hot shows complex patterns of response. Changes in auxin only partially account for these responses. The expression of many SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) genes reaches a maximum in the warmth, decreasing towards both temperature extremes in correlation with the rate of hypocotyl growth. Warm temperatures enhance primary root growth, the response requires auxin, and the hormone levels increase in the root tip but the impacts on cell division and cell expansion are not clear. A deeper understanding of auxin-mediated temperature control of plant architecture is necessary to face the challenge of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bianchimano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - María Belén De Luca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - María Belén Borniego
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - María José Iglesias
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
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Ung KL, Schulz L, Kleine-Vehn J, Pedersen BP, Hammes UZ. Auxin transport at the endoplasmic reticulum: roles and structural similarity of PIN-FORMED and PIN-LIKES. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6893-6903. [PMID: 37279330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial plant hormone that controls a multitude of developmental processes. The directional movement of auxin between cells is largely facilitated by canonical PIN-FORMED proteins in the plasma membrane. In contrast, non-canonical PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES proteins appear to reside mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite recent progress in identifying the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum in cellular auxin responses, the transport dynamics of auxin at the endoplasmic reticulum are not well understood. PIN-LIKES are structurally related to PIN-FORMED proteins, and recently published structures of these transporters have provided new insights into PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES function. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES in intracellular auxin transport. We discuss the physiological properties of the endoplasmic reticulum and the consequences for transport processes across the ER membrane. Finally, we highlight the emerging role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the dynamics of cellular auxin signalling and its impact on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Lam Ung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lukas Schulz
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Dalal M, Mansi, Mayandi K. Zoom-in to molecular mechanisms underlying root growth and function under heterogeneous soil environment and abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2023; 258:108. [PMID: 37898971 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The review describes tissue-specific and non-cell autonomous molecular responses regulating the root system architecture and function in plants. Phenotypic plasticity of roots relies on specific molecular and tissue specific responses towards local and microscale heterogeneity in edaphic factors. Unlike gravitropism, hydrotropism in Arabidopsis is regulated by MIZU KUSSIE1 (MIZ1)-dependent asymmetric distribution of cytokinin and activation of Arabidopsis response regulators, ARR16 and ARR17 on the lower water potential side of the root leading to higher cell division and root bending. The cortex specific role of Abscisic acid (ABA)-activated SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2 (SnRK2.2) and MIZ1 in elongation zone is emerging for hydrotropic curvature. Halotropism involves clathrin-mediated internalization of PIN FORMED 2 (PIN2) proteins at the side facing higher salt concentration in the root tip, and ABA-activated SnRK2.6 mediated phosphorylation of cortical microtubule-associated protein Spiral2-like (SP2L) in the root transition zone, which results in anisotropic cell expansion and root bending away from higher salt. In hydropatterning, Indole-3-acetic acid 3 (IAA3) interacts with SUMOylated-ARF7 (Auxin response factor 7) and prevents expression of Lateral organ boundaries-domain 16 (LBD16) in air-side of the root, while on wet side of the root, IAA3 cannot repress the non-SUMOylated-ARF7 thereby leading to LBD16 expression and lateral root development. In root vasculature, ABA induces expression of microRNA165/microRNA166 in endodermis, which moves into the stele to target class III Homeodomain leucine zipper protein (HD-ZIP III) mRNA in non-cell autonomous manner. The bidirectional gradient of microRNA165/6 and HD-ZIP III mRNA regulates xylem patterning under stress. Understanding the tissue specific molecular mechanisms regulating the root responses under heterogeneous and stress environments will help in designing climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dalal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Mansi
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Karthikeyan Mayandi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Waidmann S, Béziat C, Ferreira Da Silva Santos J, Feraru E, Feraru MI, Sun L, Noura S, Boutté Y, Kleine-Vehn J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress controls PIN-LIKES abundance and thereby growth adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218865120. [PMID: 37487064 PMCID: PMC10400986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218865120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions eventually limit plant growth [J. R. Dinneny, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 35, 1-19 (2019), N. Gigli-Bisceglia, C. Testerink, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 64, 102120 (2021)]. Here, we reveal a mechanism that enables multiple external cues to get integrated into auxin-dependent growth programs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our forward genetics approach on dark-grown hypocotyls uncovered that an imbalance in membrane lipids enhances the protein abundance of PIN-LIKES (PILS) [E. Barbez et al., Nature 485, 119 (2012)] auxin transport facilitators at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which thereby limits nuclear auxin signaling and growth rates. We show that this subcellular response relates to ER stress signaling, which directly impacts PILS protein turnover in a tissue-dependent manner. This mechanism allows PILS proteins to integrate environmental input with phytohormone auxin signaling, contributing to stress-induced growth adaptation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
| | - Chloé Béziat
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Ferreira Da Silva Santos
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
| | - Mugurel I. Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
| | - Seinab Noura
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yohann Boutté
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,1190Vienna, Austria
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Prerostova S, Rezek J, Jarosova J, Lacek J, Dobrev P, Marsik P, Gaudinova A, Knirsch V, Dolezal K, Plihalova L, Vanek T, Kieber J, Vankova R. Cytokinins act synergistically with heat acclimation to enhance rice thermotolerance affecting hormonal dynamics, gene expression and volatile emission. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107683. [PMID: 37062127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a frequent environmental constraint. Phytohormones can significantly affect plant thermotolerance. This study compares the effects of exogenous cytokinin meta-topolin-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine (mT9THP) on rice (Oryza sativa) under control conditions, after acclimation by moderate temperature (A; 37 °C, 2h), heat stress (HS; 45 °C, 6h) and their combination (AHS). mT9THP is a stable cytokinin derivative that releases active meta-topolin gradually, preventing the rapid deactivation reported after exogenous cytokinin application. Under control conditions, mT9THP negatively affected jasmonic acid in leaves and abscisic and salicylic acids in crowns (meristematic tissue crucial for tillering). Exogenous cytokinin stimulated the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC), especially 2,3-butanediol. Acclimation upregulated trans-zeatin, expression of stress- and hormone-related genes, and VOC emission. The combination of acclimation and mT9THP promoted the expression of stress markers and antioxidant enzymes and moderately increased VOC emission, including 2-ethylhexyl salicylate or furanones. AHS and HS responses shared some common features, namely, increase of ethylene precursor aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), cis-zeatin and cytokinin methylthio derivatives, as well as the expression of heat shock proteins, alternative oxidases, and superoxide dismutases. AHS specifically induced jasmonic acid and auxin indole-3-acetic acid levels, diacylglycerolipids with fewer double bonds, and VOC emissions [e.g., acetamide, lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived volatiles]. Under direct HS, exogenous cytokinin mimicked some positive acclimation effects. The combination of mT9THP and AHS had the strongest thermo-protective effect, including a strong stimulation of VOC emissions (including LOX-derived ones). These results demonstrate for the first time the crucial contribution of volatiles to the beneficial effects of cytokinin and AHS on rice thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Rezek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 313, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Jarosova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Marsik
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 313, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Knirsch
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Dolezal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plihalova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 313, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Joseph Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Romero B, Scotti I, Fady B, Ganteaume A. Fire frequency, as well as stress response and developmental gene control serotiny level variation in a widespread pioneer Mediterranean conifer, Pinus halepensis. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9919. [PMID: 36960240 PMCID: PMC10030233 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants undergo adaptation to fire. Yet, as global change is increasing fire frequency worldwide, our understanding of the genetics of adaptation to fire is still limited. We studied the genetic basis of serotiny (the ability to disseminate seeds exclusively after fire) in the widespread, pioneer Mediterranean conifer Pinus halepensis Mill., by linking individual variation in serotiny presence and level to fire frequency and to genetic polymorphism in natural populations. After filtering steps, 885 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) out of 8000 SNPs used for genotyping were implemented to perform an in situ association study between genotypes and serotiny presence and level. To identify serotiny‐associated loci, we performed random forest analyses of the effect of SNPs on serotiny levels, while controlling for tree size, frequency of wildfires, and background environmental parameters. Serotiny showed a bimodal distribution, with serotinous trees more frequent in populations exposed to fire in their recent history. Twenty‐two SNPs found in genes involved in stress tolerance were associated with the presence‐absence of serotiny while 37 found in genes controlling for flowering were associated with continuous serotiny variation. This study shows the high potential of P. halepensis to adapt to changing fire regimes, benefiting from a large and flexible genetic basis of trait variation.
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Hu S, Liu X, Xuan W, Mei H, Li J, Chen X, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Jeyaraj A, Periakaruppan R, Li XH. Genome-wide identification and characterization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) gene family reveals their role in adventitious root development in tea nodal cutting (Camellia Sinensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:791-802. [PMID: 36572081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Auxin affects all aspects of plant growth and development, including morphogenesis and adaptive responses. Auxin transmembrane transport is promoted by PIN formation (PIN) and a structurally similar PIN-like (PILS) gene family, which jointly controls the directional transport of the auxin between plant cells, and the accumulation of intracellular auxin. At present, there is no study investigating the roles of CslPIN and CslPILS gene family in root development in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). In this study, 8 CslPIN and 10 CslPILS genes were identified in the tea plant, and their evolutionary relationships, physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, chromosome location, collinearity, and expression characteristics were analyzed. The mechanism of CslPIN and CslPILS in the formation of tea adventitious roots (ARs) was studied by the AR induction system. Through functional verification, the regulation of CslPIN3 gene on root growth and development of tea plant was studied by over-expression of CslPIN3 in Arabidopsis thaliana and in situ hybridization in Camellia sinensis. The results confirmed CslPIN3 was involved in the regulation of root growth and development as well as auxin accumulation. This study provides a better insight into the regulatory mechanism of CslPIN and CslPILS gene family on the formation of AR in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkai Hu
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinqiu Liu
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Xuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huiling Mei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianjie Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuan Chen
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Anburaj Jeyaraj
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rajiv Periakaruppan
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 14, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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12
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Rao X, Cheng N, Mathew IE, Hirschi KD, Nakata PA. Crucial role of Arabidopsis glutaredoxin S17 in heat stress response revealed by transcriptome analysis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:58-70. [PMID: 36099929 DOI: 10.1071/fp22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which the plant is able to perceive changes in ambient temperature, transmit this information, and initiate a temperature-induced response are not fully understood. Previously, we showed that heterologous expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana L. monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXS17 enhances thermotolerance in various crops, while disruption of AtGRXS17 expression caused hypersensitivity to permissive temperature. In this study, we extend our investigation into the effect of AtGRXS17 and heat stress on plant growth and development. Although atgrxs17 plants were found to exhibit a slight decrease in hypocotyl elongation, shoot meristem development, and root growth compared to wild-type when grown at 22°C, these growth phenotypic differences became more pronounced when growth temperatures were raised to 28°C. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in genome-wide gene expression in atgrxs17 plants compared to wild-type under conditions of heat stress. The expression of genes related to heat stress factors, auxin response, cellular communication, and abiotic stress were altered in atgrxs17 plants in response to heat stress. Overall, our findings indicate that AtGRXS17 plays a critical role in controlling the transcriptional regulation of plant heat stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Iny E Mathew
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul A Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Long Y, Chen Q, Qu Y, Liu P, Jiao Y, Cai Y, Deng X, Zheng K. Identification and functional analysis of PIN family genes in Gossypium barbadense. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14236. [PMID: 36275460 PMCID: PMC9586078 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PIN proteins are an important class of auxin polar transport proteins that play an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. However, their characteristics and functions have not been identified in Gossypium barbadense. Methods PIN family genes were identified in the cotton species G. barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, and detailed bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the roles of these genes in G. barbadense using transcriptome data and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technology. Functional verification of the genes was performed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. Results A total of 138 PIN family genes were identified in the four cotton species; the genes were divided into seven subgroups. GbPIN gene family members were widely distributed on 20 different chromosomes, and most had repeated duplication events. Transcriptome analysis showed that some genes had differential expression patterns in different stages of fiber development. According to 'PimaS-7' and '5917' transcript component association analysis, the transcription of five genes was directly related to endogenous auxin content in cotton fibers. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the GbPIN7 gene was routinely expressed during fiber development, and there were significant differences among materials. Transient silencing of the GbPIN7 gene by VIGS led to significantly higher cotton plant growth rates and significantly lower endogenous auxin content in leaves and stems. This study provides comprehensive analyses of the roles of PIN family genes in G. barbadense and their expression during cotton fiber development. Our results will form a basis for further PIN auxin transporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Long
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China,Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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14
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Borniego MB, Costigliolo-Rojas C, Casal JJ. Shoot thermosensors do not fulfil the same function in the root. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:9-14. [PMID: 35730992 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Borniego
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Costigliolo-Rojas
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Zhai L, Yang L, Xiao X, Jiang J, Guan Z, Fang W, Chen F, Chen S. PIN and PILS family genes analyses in Chrysanthemum seticuspe reveal their potential functions in flower bud development and drought stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:67-78. [PMID: 35970365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Auxin affects almost all plant growth and developmental processes. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) family genes determine the direction and distribution gradient of auxin flow by polar localization on the cell membrane. However, there are no systematic studies on PIN and PILS family genes in chrysanthemum. Here, 18 PIN and 13 PILS genes were identified in Chrysanthemum seticuspe. The evolutionary relationships, physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, chromosome localization, collinearity, and expression characteristics of these genes were analyzed. CsPIN10a, CsPIN10b, and CsPIN10c are unique PIN genes in C. seticuspe. Expression pattern analysis showed that these genes had different tissue specificities, and the expression levels of CsPIN8, CsPINS1, CsPILS6, and CsPILS10 were linearly related to the developmental period of the flower buds. In situ hybridization assay showed that CsPIN1a, CsPIN1b, and CsPILS8 were expressed in floret primordia and petal tips, and CsPIN1a was specifically expressed in the middle of the bract primordia, which might regulate lateral expansion of the bracts. CsPIN and CsPILS family genes are also involved in drought stress responses. This study provides theoretical support for the cultivation of new varieties with attractive flower forms and high drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Li Y, He Y, Liu Z, Qin T, Wang L, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zhang H, Li H, Liu L, Zhang J, Yuan W. OsSPL14 acts upstream of OsPIN1b and PILS6b to modulate axillary bud outgrowth by fine-tuning auxin transport in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1167-1182. [PMID: 35765202 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a multigenic trait, rice tillering can optimize plant architecture for the maximum agronomic yield. SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE14 (OsSPL14) has been demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient to inhibit rice branching, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that OsSPL14, which is cleaved by miR529 and miR156, inhibits tillering by fine-tuning auxin transport in rice. RNA interference of OsSPL14 or miR529 and miR156 overexpression significantly increased the tiller number, whereas OsSPL14 overexpression decreased the tiller number. Histological analysis revealed that the OsSPL14-overexpressing line had normal initiation of axillary buds but inhibited outgrowth of tillers. Moreover, OsSPL14 was found to be responsive to indole-acetic acid and 1-naphthylphthalamic acid, and RNA interference of OsSPL14 reduced polar auxin transport and increased 1-naphthylphthalamic acid sensitivity of rice plants. Further analysis revealed that OsSPL14 directly binds to the promoter of PIN-FORMED 1b (OsPIN1b) and PIN-LIKE6b (PILS6b) to regulate their expression positively. OsPIN1b and PILS6b were highly expressed in axillary buds and proved involved in bud outgrowth. Loss of function of OsPIN1b or PILS6b increased the tiller number of rice. Taken together, our findings suggested that OsSPL14 could control axillary bud outgrowth and tiller number by activating the expression of OsPIN1b and PILS6b to fine-tune auxin transport in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yizhou He
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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17
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Delker C, Quint M, Wigge PA. Recent advances in understanding thermomorphogenesis signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102231. [PMID: 35636376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants show remarkable phenotypic plasticity and are able to adjust their morphology and development to diverse environmental stimuli. Morphological acclimation responses to elevated ambient temperatures are collectively termed thermomorphogenesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, morphological changes are coordinated to a large extent by the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), which in turn is regulated by several thermosensing mechanisms and modulators. Here, we review recent advances in the identification of factors that regulate thermomorphogenesis of Arabidopsis seedlings by affecting PIF4 expression and PIF4 activity. We summarize newly identified thermosensing mechanisms and highlight work on the emerging topic of organ- and tissue-specificity in the regulation of thermomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Delker
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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18
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Shen Y, Fan K, Wang Y, Wang H, Ding S, Song D, Shen J, Li H, Song Y, Han X, Qian W, Ma Q, Ding Z. Red and Blue Light Affect the Formation of Adventitious Roots of Tea Cuttings ( Camellia sinensis) by Regulating Hormone Synthesis and Signal Transduction Pathways of Mature Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:943662. [PMID: 35873958 PMCID: PMC9301306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.943662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor which affects plant growth, through changes of intensity and quality. In this study, monochromatic white (control), red (660 nm), and blue (430 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to treat tea short cuttings. The results showed the most adventitious roots in blue light treated tea cuttings, but the lowest roots in that treated by red light. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of light quality affecting adventitious root formation, we performed full-length transcriptome and metabolome analyses of mature leaves under three light qualities, and then conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Phytohormone analysis showed that Indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), Abscisic acid (ABA), ABA-glucosyl ester (ABA-GE), trans-Zeatin (tZ), and Jasmonic acid (JA) contents in mature leaves under blue light were significantly higher than those under white and red light. A crosstalk regulatory network comprising 23 co-expression modules was successfully constructed. Among them, the "MEblue" module which had a highly positive correlation with ICA (R = 0.92, P = 4e-04). KEGG analysis showed that related genes were significantly enriched in the "Plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075)" pathway. YUC (a flavin-containing monooxygenase), AUX1, AUX/IAA, and ARF were identified as hub genes, and gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of these hub genes under blue light were higher than those under white and red light. In addition, we also identified 6 auxin transport-related genes, including PIN1, PIN3, PIN4, PILS5, PILS6, and PILS7. Except PILS5, all of these genes showed the highest expression level under blue light. In conclusion, this study elucidated the molecular mechanism of light quality regulating adventitious root formation of tea short cutting through WGCNA analysis, which provided an innovation for "rapid seedling" of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao, China
| | - Shibo Ding
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao, China
| | - Dapeng Song
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, China
| | - He Li
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingping Ma
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, China
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19
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Feraru E, Feraru MI, Moulinier-Anzola J, Schwihla M, Ferreira Da Silva Santos J, Sun L, Waidmann S, Korbei B, Kleine-Vehn J. PILS proteins provide a homeostatic feedback on auxin signaling output. Development 2022; 149:275949. [PMID: 35819066 PMCID: PMC9340555 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple internal and external signals modulate the metabolism, intercellular transport and signaling of the phytohormone auxin. Considering this complexity, it remains largely unknown how plant cells monitor and ensure the homeostasis of auxin responses. PIN-LIKES (PILS) intracellular auxin transport facilitators at the endoplasmic reticulum are suitable candidates to buffer cellular auxin responses because they limit nuclear abundance and signaling of auxin. We used forward genetics to identify gloomy and shiny pils (gasp) mutants that define the PILS6 protein abundance in a post-translational manner. Here, we show that GASP1 encodes an uncharacterized RING/U-box superfamily protein that impacts on auxin signaling output. The low auxin signaling in gasp1 mutants correlates with reduced abundance of PILS5 and PILS6 proteins. Mechanistically, we show that high and low auxin conditions increase and reduce PILS6 protein levels, respectively. Accordingly, non-optimum auxin concentrations are buffered by alterations in PILS6 abundance, consequently leading to homeostatic auxin output regulation. We envision that this feedback mechanism provides robustness to auxin-dependent plant development. Summary: Auxin exerts a posttranslational feedback regulation on the PILS proteins, contributing to cellular auxin homeostasis and providing robustness to plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Feraru
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Mugurel I. Feraru
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Jeanette Moulinier-Anzola
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Maximilian Schwihla
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Jonathan Ferreira Da Silva Santos
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Freiburg 2 Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) , , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Lin Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Sascha Waidmann
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Freiburg 2 Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) , , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Barbara Korbei
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (IMPB) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) 1 , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna , Austria
- University of Freiburg 2 Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) , , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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20
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The Phytotoxin Myrigalone A Triggers a Phased Detoxification Programme and Inhibits Lepidium sativum Seed Germination via Multiple Mechanisms including Interference with Auxin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094618. [PMID: 35563008 PMCID: PMC9104956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses of plants to natural phytotoxins comprise more general and compound-specific mechanisms. How phytotoxic chalcones and other flavonoids inhibit seedling growth was widely studied, but how they interfere with seed germination is largely unknown. The dihydrochalcone and putative allelochemical myrigalone A (MyA) inhibits seed germination and seedling growth. Transcriptome (RNAseq) and hormone analyses of Lepidium sativum seed responses to MyA were compared to other bioactive and inactive compounds. MyA treatment of imbibed seeds triggered the phased induction of a detoxification programme, altered gibberellin, cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid and jasmonate metabolism, and affected the expression of hormone transporter genes. The MyA-mediated inhibition involved interference with the antioxidant system, oxidative signalling, aquaporins and water uptake, but not uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase expression/activity. MyA specifically affected the expression of auxin-related signalling genes, and various transporter genes, including for auxin transport (PIN7, ABCG37, ABCG4, WAT1). Responses to auxin-specific inhibitors further supported the conclusion that MyA interferes with auxin homeostasis during seed germination. Comparative analysis of MyA and other phytotoxins revealed differences in the specific regulatory mechanisms and auxin transporter genes targeted to interfere with auxin homestasis. We conclude that MyA exerts its phytotoxic activity by multiple auxin-dependent and independent molecular mechanisms.
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21
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Laloum D, Magen S, Soroka Y, Avin-Wittenberg T. Exploring the Contribution of Autophagy to the Excess-Sucrose Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073891. [PMID: 35409249 PMCID: PMC8999498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential intracellular eukaryotic recycling mechanism, functioning in, among others, carbon starvation. Surprisingly, although autophagy-deficient plants (atg mutants) are hypersensitive to carbon starvation, metabolic analysis revealed that they accumulate sugars under such conditions. In plants, sugars serve as both an energy source and as signaling molecules, affecting many developmental processes, including root and shoot formation. We thus set out to understand the interplay between autophagy and sucrose excess, comparing wild-type and atg mutant seedlings. The presented work showed that autophagy contributes to primary root elongation arrest under conditions of exogenous sucrose and glucose excess but not during fructose or mannitol treatment. Minor or no alterations in starch and primary metabolites were observed between atg mutants and wild-type plants, indicating that the sucrose response relates to its signaling and not its metabolic role. Extensive proteomic analysis of roots performed to further understand the mechanism found an accumulation of proteins essential for ROS reduction and auxin maintenance, which are necessary for root elongation, in atg plants under sucrose excess. The analysis also suggested mitochondrial and peroxisomal involvement in the autophagy-mediated sucrose response. This research increases our knowledge of the complex interplay between autophagy and sugar signaling in plants.
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22
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Ma X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun S, Li Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li R, Tan L, Jiang L, Zhu JK, Li L. MAG2 and MAL Regulate Vesicle Trafficking and Auxin Homeostasis With Functional Redundancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849532. [PMID: 35371137 PMCID: PMC8966843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a central phytohormone and controls almost all aspects of plant development and stress response. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, conjugation, and deposition. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized MAIGO2 (MAG2) complex mediates tethering of arriving vesicles to the ER membrane, and it is crucial for ER export trafficking. Despite important regulatory roles of MAG2 in vesicle trafficking, the mag2 mutant had mild developmental abnormalities. MAG2 has one homolog protein, MAG2-Like (MAL), and the mal-1 mutant also had slight developmental phenotypes. In order to investigate MAG2 and MAL regulatory function in plant development, we generated the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. As expected, the double mutant exhibited serious developmental defects and more alteration in stress response compared with single mutants and wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that signaling, metabolism, and stress response in mag2-1 mal-1 were affected, especially membrane trafficking and auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport. Biochemical and cell biological analysis indicated that the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant had more serious defects in vesicle transport than the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants. The auxin distribution and abundance of auxin transporters were altered significantly in the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants and mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. Our findings suggest that MAG2 and MAL regulate plant development and auxin homeostasis by controlling membrane trafficking, with functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengbiao Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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23
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Bogaert KA, Blomme J, Beeckman T, De Clerck O. Auxin's origin: do PILS hold the key? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:227-236. [PMID: 34716098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of many developmental processes in land plants and plays a strikingly similar role in the phylogenetically distant brown seaweeds. Emerging evidence shows that the PIN and PIN-like (PILS) auxin transporter families have preceded the evolution of the canonical auxin response pathway. A wide conservation of PILS-mediated auxin transport, together with reports of auxin function in unicellular algae, would suggest that auxin function preceded the advent of multicellularity. We find that PIN and PILS transporters form two eukaryotic subfamilies within a larger bacterial family. We argue that future functional characterisation of algal PIN and PILS transporters can shed light on a common origin of an auxin function followed by independent co-option in a multicellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Arthur Bogaert
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB-UGent, Technologiepark 72, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB-UGent, Technologiepark 72, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Abstract
From embryogenesis to fruit formation, almost every aspect of plant development and differentiation is controlled by the cellular accumulation or depletion of auxin from cells and tissues. The respective auxin maxima and minima are generated by cell-to-cell auxin transport via transporter proteins. Differential auxin accumulation as a result of such transport processes dynamically regulates auxin distribution during differentiation. In this review, we introduce all auxin transporter (families) identified to date and discuss the knowledge on prominent family members, namely, the PIN-FORMED exporters, ATP-binding cassette B (ABCB)-type transporters, and AUX1/LAX importers. We then concentrate on the biochemical features of these transporters and their regulation by posttranslational modifications and interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture
- Agriculture Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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25
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Chen Z, Galli M, Gallavotti A. Mechanisms of temperature-regulated growth and thermotolerance in crop species. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102134. [PMID: 34749068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a major environmental factor affecting the development and productivity of crop species. The ability to cope with periods of high temperatures, also known as thermotolerance, is becoming an increasingly indispensable trait for the future of agriculture owing to the current trajectory of average global temperatures. From temperature sensing to downstream transcriptional changes, here, we review recent findings involving the thermal regulation of plant growth and the effects of heat on hormonal pathways, reactive oxygen species, and epigenetic regulation. We also highlight recent approaches and strategies that could be integrated to confront the challenges in sustaining crop productivity in future decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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26
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Chen Z, Sun J, Li D, Li P, He K, Ali F, Mi G, Chen F, Yuan L, Pan Q. Plasticity of root anatomy during domestication of a maize-teosinte derived population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:139-153. [PMID: 34487165 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) has undergone profound changes in root anatomy for environmental adaptation during domestication. However, the genetic mechanism of plasticity of maize root anatomy during the domestication process remains unclear. In this study, high-resolution mapping was performed for nine root anatomical traits using a maize-teosinte population (mexicana × Mo17) across three environments. Large genetic variations were detected for different root anatomical traits. The cortex, stele, aerenchyma areas, xylem vessel number, and cortical cell number had large variations across three environments, indicating high plasticity. Sixteen quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, including seven QTL with QTL × environment interaction (EIQTL) for high plasticity traits and nine QTL without QTL × environment interaction (SQTL). Most of the root loci were consistent with shoot QTL depicting domestication signals. Combining transcriptome and genome-wide association studies revealed that AUXIN EFFLUX CARRIER PIN-FORMED LIKE 4 (ZmPILS4) serves as a candidate gene underlying a major QTL of xylem traits. The near-isogenic lines (NILs) with lower expression of ZmPILS4 had 18-24% more auxin concentration in the root tips and 8-15% more xylem vessels. Nucleotide diversity values analysis in the promoter region suggested that ZmPILS4 was involved in maize domestication and adaptation. These results revealed the potential genetic basis of root anatomical plasticity during domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junli Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Kunhui He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Farhan Ali
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchun Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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27
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Yi C, Wang X, Chen Q, Callahan DL, Fournier-Level A, Whelan J, Jost R. Diverse phosphate and auxin transport loci distinguish phosphate tolerant from sensitive Arabidopsis accessions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2656-2673. [PMID: 34636851 PMCID: PMC8644285 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth often limiting agroecosystems. To identify genetic determinants of performance under variable phosphate (Pi) supply, we conducted genome-wide association studies on five highly predictive Pi starvation response traits in 200 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. Pi concentration in Pi-limited organs had the strongest, and primary root length had the weakest genetic component. Of 70 trait-associated candidate genes, 17 responded to Pi withdrawal. The PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 gene cluster on chromosome 5 comprises PHT1;1, PHT1;2, and PHT1;3 with known impact on P status. A second locus featured uncharacterized endomembrane-associated auxin efflux carrier encoding PIN-LIKES7 (PILS7) which was more strongly suppressed in Pi-limited roots of Pi-starvation sensitive accessions. In the Col-0 background, Pi uptake and organ growth were impaired in both Pi-limited pht1;1 and two pils7 T-DNA insertion mutants, while Pi -limited pht1;2 had higher biomass and pht1;3 was indistinguishable from wild-type. Copy number variation at the PHT1 locus with loss of the PHT1;3 gene and smaller scale deletions in PHT1;1 and PHT1;2 predicted to alter both protein structure and function suggest diversification of PHT1 is a key driver for adaptation to P limitation. Haplogroup analysis revealed a phosphorylation site in the protein encoded by the PILS7 allele from stress-sensitive accessions as well as additional auxin-responsive elements in the promoter of the "stress tolerant" allele. The former allele's inability to complement the pils7-1 mutant in the Col-0 background implies the presence of a kinase signaling loop controlling PILS7 activity in accessions from P-rich environments, while survival in P-poor environments requires fine-tuning of stress-responsive root auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Yi
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang 31008, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University (Burwood Campus), Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
| | | | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
- Author for communication:
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28
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Karlova R, Boer D, Hayes S, Testerink C. Root plasticity under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1057-1070. [PMID: 34734279 PMCID: PMC8566202 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these stresses in the soil and adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing the importance of root system architecture (RSA) and plasticity for the survival and development of plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, and flooding stress. In addition, we review the molecular regulation and hormonal pathways involved in controlling RSA plasticity, main root growth, branching and lateral root growth, root hair development, and formation of adventitious roots. Several stresses affect root anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin and suberin deposition, and Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow toward favorable soil conditions and avoid environments detrimental to their development. Recent advances in understanding the cellular mechanisms behind these different root tropisms are discussed. Understanding root plasticity will be instrumental for the development of crops that are resilient in the face of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Damian Boer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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29
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Ma Y, Wolf S, Lohmann JU. Casting the Net-Connecting Auxin Signaling to the Plant Genome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040006. [PMID: 33903151 PMCID: PMC8559546 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin represents one of the most potent and most versatile hormonal signals in the plant kingdom. Built on a simple core of only a few dedicated components, the auxin signaling system plays important roles for diverse aspects of plant development, physiology, and defense. Key to the diversity of context-dependent functional outputs generated by cells in response to this small molecule are gene duplication events and sub-functionalization of signaling components on the one hand, and a deep embedding of the auxin signaling system into complex regulatory networks on the other hand. Together, these evolutionary innovations provide the mechanisms to allow each cell to display a highly specific auxin response that suits its individual requirements. In this review, we discuss the regulatory networks connecting auxin with a large number of diverse pathways at all relevant levels of the signaling system ranging from biosynthesis to transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Cell Wall Signalling Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Auxin Metabolome Profiling in the Arabidopsis Endoplasmic Reticulum Using an Optimised Organelle Isolation Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179370. [PMID: 34502279 PMCID: PMC8431077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of intracellular membranes. Its major functions include proteosynthesis, protein folding, post-transcriptional modification and sorting of proteins within the cell, and lipid anabolism. Moreover, several studies have suggested that it may be involved in regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis in plants by modulating its metabolism. Therefore, to study auxin metabolome in the ER, it is necessary to obtain a highly enriched (ideally, pure) ER fraction. Isolation of the ER is challenging because its biochemical properties are very similar to those of other cellular endomembranes. Most published protocols for ER isolation use density gradient ultracentrifugation, despite its suboptimal resolving power. Here we present an optimised protocol for ER isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for the subsequent mass spectrometric determination of ER-specific auxin metabolite profiles. Auxin metabolite analysis revealed highly elevated levels of active auxin form (IAA) within the ER compared to whole plants. Moreover, samples prepared using our optimised isolation ER protocol are amenable to analysis using various “omics” technologies including analyses of both macromolecular and low molecular weight compounds from the same sample.
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31
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Velasquez SM, Guo X, Gallemi M, Aryal B, Venhuizen P, Barbez E, Dünser KA, Darino M, Pĕnčík A, Novák O, Kalyna M, Mouille G, Benková E, P. Bhalerao R, Mravec J, Kleine-Vehn J. Xyloglucan Remodeling Defines Auxin-Dependent Differential Tissue Expansion in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9222. [PMID: 34502129 PMCID: PMC8430841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Size control is a fundamental question in biology, showing incremental complexity in plants, whose cells possess a rigid cell wall. The phytohormone auxin is a vital growth regulator with central importance for differential growth control. Our results indicate that auxin-reliant growth programs affect the molecular complexity of xyloglucans, the major type of cell wall hemicellulose in eudicots. Auxin-dependent induction and repression of growth coincide with reduced and enhanced molecular complexity of xyloglucans, respectively. In agreement with a proposed function in growth control, genetic interference with xyloglucan side decorations distinctly modulates auxin-dependent differential growth rates. Our work proposes that auxin-dependent growth programs have a spatially defined effect on xyloglucan's molecular structure, which in turn affects cell wall mechanics and specifies differential, gravitropic hypocotyl growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Melina Velasquez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (P.V.); (E.B.); (K.A.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Guo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (X.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Marçal Gallemi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Bibek Aryal
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (B.A.); (O.N.); (R.P.B.)
| | - Peter Venhuizen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (P.V.); (E.B.); (K.A.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (P.V.); (E.B.); (K.A.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Alexander Dünser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (P.V.); (E.B.); (K.A.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Darino
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (P.V.); (E.B.); (K.A.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleš Pĕnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (B.A.); (O.N.); (R.P.B.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Maria Kalyna
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (P.V.); (E.B.); (K.A.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Gregory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, CEDEX, 78026 Versailles, France;
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (B.A.); (O.N.); (R.P.B.)
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (X.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Parveen S, Rahman A. Actin Isovariant ACT7 Modulates Root Thermomorphogenesis by Altering Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7749. [PMID: 34299366 PMCID: PMC8306570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress is one of the most threatening abiotic stresses for plants limiting the crop productivity world-wide. Altered developmental responses of plants to moderate-high temperature has been shown to be linked to the intracellular auxin homeostasis regulated by both auxin biosynthesis and transport. Trafficking of the auxin carrier proteins plays a major role in maintaining the cellular auxin homeostasis. The intracellular trafficking largely relies on the cytoskeletal component, actin, which provides track for vesicle movement. Different classes of actin and the isovariants function in regulating various stages of plant development. Although high temperature alters the intracellular trafficking, the role of actin in this process remains obscure. Using isovariant specific vegetative class actin mutants, here we demonstrate that ACTIN 7 (ACT7) isovariant plays an important role in regulating the moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root. Loss of ACT7, but not ACT8 resulted in increased inhibition of root elongation under prolonged moderate-high temperature. Consistently, kinematic analysis revealed a drastic reduction in cell production rate and cell elongation in act7-4 mutant under high temperature. Quantification of actin dynamicity reveals that prolonged moderate-high temperature modulates bundling along with orientation and parallelness of filamentous actin in act7-4 mutant. The hypersensitive response of act7-4 mutant was found to be linked to the altered intracellular auxin distribution, resulted from the reduced abundance of PIN-FORMED PIN1 and PIN2 efflux carriers. Collectively, these results suggest that vegetative class actin isovariant, ACT7 modulates the long-term moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Parveen
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Agri-Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Ludwig W, Hayes S, Trenner J, Delker C, Quint M. On the evolution of plant thermomorphogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab310. [PMID: 34190313 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a remarkable capacity to acclimate to their environment. Acclimation is enabled to a large degree by phenotypic plasticity, the extent of which confers a selective advantage, especially in natural habitats. Certain key events in evolution triggered adaptive bursts necessary to cope with drastic environmental changes. One such event was the colonization of land 400-500 mya. Compared to most aquatic habitats, fluctuations in abiotic parameters became more pronounced, generating significant selection pressure. To endure these harsh conditions, plants needed to adapt their physiology and morphology and to increase the range of phenotypic plasticity. In addition to drought stress and high light, high temperatures and fluctuation thereof were among the biggest challenges faced by terrestrial plants. Thermomorphogenesis research has emerged as a new sub-discipline of the plant sciences and aims to understand how plants acclimate to elevated ambient temperatures through changes in architecture. While we have begun to understand how angiosperms sense and respond to elevated ambient temperature, very little is known about thermomorphogenesis in plant lineages with less complex body plans. It is unclear when thermomorphogenesis initially evolved and how this depended on morphological complexity. In this review, we take an evolutionary-physiological perspective and generate hypotheses about the emergence of thermomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Ludwig
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Trenner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carolin Delker
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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34
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Zhao H, Maokai Y, Cheng H, Guo M, Liu Y, Wang L, Chao S, Zhang M, Lai L, Qin Y. Characterization of auxin transporter AUX, PIN and PILS gene families in pineapple and evaluation of expression profiles during reproductive development and under abiotic stresses. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11410. [PMID: 34221708 PMCID: PMC8231336 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar auxin transport in plant is mediated by influx and efflux transporters, which are encoded by AUX/LAX, PIN and PILS genes, respectively. The auxin transporter gene families have been characterized in several species from monocots and eudicots. However, a genome-wide overview of auxin transporter gene families in pineapple is not yet available. In this study, we identified a total of threeAcAUX genes, 12 AcPIN genes, and seven AcPILS genes in the pineapple genome, which were variably located on 15 chromosomes. The exon-intron structure of these genes and properties of deduced proteins were relatively conserved within the same family. Most protein motifs were widespread in the AUX, PIN or PILS proteins, whereas a few motifs were absent in only one or two proteins. Analysis of the expression profiles of these genes elucidated that several genes exhibited either preferential or tissue-specific expression patterns in vegetative and/or reproductive tissues. AcAUX2 was specifically expressed in the early developmental ovules, while AcPIN1b and AcPILS2 were strongly expressed in stamens and ovules. AcPIN9b, AcPILS1, AcPILS6a, 6b and 6c were abundantly expressed in stamens. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results showed that several genes in these families were responsive to various abiotic stresses. Comparative analysis indicated that the genes with close evolutionary relationships among pineapple, rice and Arabidopsis exhibited similar expression patterns. Overexpression of the AcAUX1 in Arabidopsis rescued the phenotype in aux1-T, and resulted in increased lateral roots in WT. These results will provide new insights into auxin transporter genes of pineapple and facilitate our understanding of their roles in pineapple growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Maokai
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mingliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi Chao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Minqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Linyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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35
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Lee S, Wang W, Huq E. Spatial regulation of thermomorphogenesis by HY5 and PIF4 in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3656. [PMID: 34135347 PMCID: PMC8209091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to high ambient temperature by implementing a suite of morphological changes collectively termed thermomorphogenesis. Here we show that the above and below ground tissue-response to high ambient temperature are mediated by distinct transcription factors. While the central hub transcription factor, PHYTOCHROME INTERCTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) regulates the above ground tissue response, the below ground root elongation is primarily regulated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Plants respond to high temperature by largely expressing distinct sets of genes in a tissue-specific manner. HY5 promotes root thermomorphogenesis via directly controlling the expression of many genes including the auxin and BR pathway genes. Strikingly, the above and below ground thermomorphogenesis is impaired in spaQ. Because SPA1 directly phosphorylates PIF4 and HY5, SPAs might control the stability of PIF4 and HY5 to regulate thermomorphogenesis in both tissues. These data collectively suggest that plants employ distinct combination of SPA-PIF4-HY5 module to regulate tissue-specific thermomorphogenesis. Plants undergo morphological changes collectively termed thermomorphogenesis when exposed to elevated temperature. Here the authors show that the SPA1 kinase regulates distinct thermomorphogenic responses according to tissue type by interactions with PIF4 and HY5 in shoots and roots, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Castroverde CDM, Dina D. Temperature regulation of plant hormone signaling during stress and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab257. [PMID: 34081133 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has broad-ranging impacts on the natural environment and human civilization. Increasing average temperatures along with more frequent heat waves collectively have negative effects on cultivated crops in agricultural sectors and wild species in natural ecosystems. These aberrantly hot temperatures, together with cold stress, represent major abiotic stresses to plants. Molecular and physiological responses to high and low temperatures are intricately linked to the regulation of important plant hormones. In this review, we shall highlight our current understanding of how changing temperatures regulate plant hormone pathways during immunity, stress responses and development. This article will present an overview of known temperature-sensitive or temperature-reinforced molecular hubs in hormone biosynthesis, homeostasis, signaling and downstream responses. These include recent advances on temperature regulation at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels - directly linking some plant hormone pathways to known thermosensing mechanisms. Where applicable, diverse plant species and various temperature ranges will be presented, along with emerging principles and themes. It is anticipated that a grand unifying synthesis of current and future fundamental outlooks on how fluctuating temperatures regulate important plant hormone signaling pathways can be leveraged towards forward-thinking solutions to develop climate-smart crops amidst our dynamically changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damaris Dina
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Moler ERV, Kolb T, Brady A, Palmiero BN, Wallace TR, Waring KM, Whipple AV. Plant developmental stage influences responses of Pinus strobiformis seedlings to experimental warming. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:148-164. [PMID: 37283863 PMCID: PMC10168050 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seedling emergence, survival, morphological and physiological traits, and oxidative stress resistance of southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis Engelm.) were studied in response to warming treatments applied during embryogenesis, germination, and early seedling growth. Daytime air temperature surrounding cones in tree canopies was warmed by +2.1°C during embryo development. Resulting seeds and seedlings were assigned to three thermal regimes in growth chambers, with each regime separated by 4°C to encompass the wide range of temperatures observed over space and time across the species' range, plus the effect of heat waves coupled with a high carbon emissions scenario of climate warming. The embryo warming treatment reduced percent seedling emergence in all germination and growth environments and reduced mortality of seedlings grown in the warmest environment. Warm thermal regimes during early seedling growth increased subsequent seedling resistance to oxidative stress and transpirational water use. Experimental warming during seed development, germination, and seedling growth affected seedling emergence and survival. Oxidative stress resistance, morphology, and water relations were affected only by warming imposed during germination and seedling growth. This work explores potential outcomes of climate warming on multiple dimensions of seedling performance and uniquely illustrates that plant responses to heat vary with plant developmental stage in addition to the magnitude of temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kolb
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Anne Brady
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | | | | | | | - Amy Vaughn Whipple
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
- Center for Adaptive Western LandscapesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
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38
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Bowman JL, Flores Sandoval E, Kato H. On the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plant Auxin Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040048. [PMID: 33558368 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid, that is, auxin, is a molecule found in a broad phylogenetic distribution of organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. In the ancestral land plant auxin was co-opted to be the paramount phytohormone mediating tropic responses and acting as a facilitator of developmental decisions throughout the life cycle. The evolutionary origins of land plant auxin biology genes can now be traced with reasonable clarity. Genes encoding the two enzymes of the land plant auxin biosynthetic pathway arose in the ancestral land plant by a combination of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and possible neofunctionalization following gene duplication. Components of the auxin transcriptional signaling network have their origins in ancestral alga genes, with gene duplication and neofunctionalization of key domains allowing integration of a portion of the preexisting transcriptional network with auxin. Knowledge of the roles of orthologous genes in extant charophycean algae is lacking, but could illuminate the ancestral functions of both auxin and the co-opted transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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39
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D E Lima CFF, Kleine-Vehn J, De Smet I, Feraru E. Getting to the Root of Belowground High Temperature Responses in Plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab202. [PMID: 33970267 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The environment is continuously challenging plants. As a response, plants use various coping strategies, such as adaptation of their growth. Thermomorphogenesis is a specific growth adaptation that promotes organ growth in response to moderately high temperature. This would eventually enable plants to cool down by dissipating the heat. Although well understood for shoot organs, the thermomorphogenesis response in roots only recently obtained increasing research attention. Accordingly, in the last few years, the hormonal responses and underlying molecular players important for root thermomorphogenesis were revealed. Other responses triggered by high temperature in the root encompass modifications of overall root architecture and interactions with the soil environment, with consequences on the whole plant. Here, we review the scientific knowledge and highlight the current understanding on roots responding to moderately high and extreme temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Flavio Fonseca D E Lima
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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40
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Cytokinin-Controlled Gradient Distribution of Auxin in Arabidopsis Root Tip. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083874. [PMID: 33918090 PMCID: PMC8069370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant root is a dynamic system, which is able to respond promptly to external environmental stimuli by constantly adjusting its growth and development. A key component regulating this growth and development is the finely tuned cross-talk between the auxin and cytokinin phytohormones. The gradient distribution of auxin is not only important for the growth and development of roots, but also for root growth in various response. Recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of cytokinin-mediated regulation of local auxin biosynthesis/metabolism and redistribution in establishing active auxin gradients, resulting in cell division and differentiation in primary root tips. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytokinin-controlled auxin gradient in root tips.
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41
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Casanova-Sáez R, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Ljung K. Auxin Metabolism in Plants. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a039867. [PMID: 33431579 PMCID: PMC7919392 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major natural auxin in plants, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), orchestrates a plethora of developmental responses that largely depend on the formation of auxin concentration gradients within plant tissues. Together with inter- and intracellular transport, IAA metabolism-which comprises biosynthesis, conjugation, and degradation-modulates auxin gradients and is therefore critical for plant growth. It is now very well established that IAA is mainly produced from Trp and that the IPyA pathway is a major and universally conserved biosynthetic route in plants, while other redundant pathways operate in parallel. Recent findings have shown that metabolic inactivation of IAA is also redundantly performed by oxidation and conjugation processes. An exquisite spatiotemporal expression of the genes for auxin synthesis and inactivation have been shown to drive several plant developmental processes. Moreover, a group of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators controlling the expression of auxin metabolic genes have been identified in past years, which are illuminating the road to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the coordinated responses of local auxin metabolism to specific cues. Besides transcriptional regulation, subcellular compartmentalization of the IAA metabolism and posttranslational modifications of the metabolic enzymes are emerging as important contributors to IAA homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on (1) the pathways for IAA biosynthesis and inactivation in plants, (2) the influence of spatiotemporally regulated IAA metabolism on auxin-mediated responses, and (3) the regulatory mechanisms that modulate IAA levels in response to external and internal cues during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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42
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Li N, Euring D, Cha JY, Lin Z, Lu M, Huang LJ, Kim WY. Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:627969. [PMID: 33643337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627969/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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43
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Prerostova S, Jarosova J, Dobrev PI, Hluskova L, Motyka V, Filepova R, Knirsch V, Gaudinova A, Kieber J, Vankova R. Heat Stress Targeting Individual Organs Reveals the Central Role of Roots and Crowns in Rice Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:799249. [PMID: 35111178 PMCID: PMC8801461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.799249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inter-organ communication and the heat stress (HS; 45°C, 6 h) responses of organs exposed and not directly exposed to HS were evaluated in rice (Oryza sativa) by comparing the impact of HS applied either to whole plants, or only to shoots or roots. Whole-plant HS reduced photosynthetic activity (F v /F m and QY_Lss ), but this effect was alleviated by prior acclimation (37°C, 2 h). Dynamics of HSFA2d, HSP90.2, HSP90.3, and SIG5 expression revealed high protection of crowns and roots. Additionally, HSP26.2 was strongly expressed in leaves. Whole-plant HS increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and cytokinin cis-zeatin in leaves, while up-regulating auxin indole-3-acetic acid and down-regulating trans-zeatin in leaves and crowns. Ascorbate peroxidase activity and expression of alternative oxidases (AOX) increased in leaves and crowns. HS targeted to leaves elevated levels of JA in roots, cis-zeatin in crowns, and ascorbate peroxidase activity in crowns and roots. HS targeted to roots increased levels of abscisic acid and auxin in leaves and crowns, cis-zeatin in leaves, and JA in crowns, while reducing trans-zeatin levels. The weaker protection of leaves reflects the growth strategy of rice. HS treatment of individual organs induced changes in phytohormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in non-exposed organs, in order to enhance plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Jarosova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucia Hluskova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Roberta Filepova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Knirsch
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Joseph Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Radomira Vankova,
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Zluhan-Martínez E, López-Ruíz BA, García-Gómez ML, García-Ponce B, de la Paz Sánchez M, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Integrative Roles of Phytohormones on Cell Proliferation, Elongation and Differentiation in the Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659155. [PMID: 33981325 PMCID: PMC8107238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth of multicellular organisms relies on cell proliferation, elongation and differentiation that are tightly regulated throughout development by internal and external stimuli. The plasticity of a growth response largely depends on the capacity of the organism to adjust the ratio between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana offers many advantages toward understanding growth homeostasis as root cells are continuously produced and move from cell proliferation to elongation and differentiation that are processes spatially separated and could be studied along the longitudinal axis. Hormones fine tune plant growth responses and a huge amount of information has been recently generated on the role of these compounds in Arabidopsis primary root development. In this review, we summarized the participation of nine hormones in the regulation of the different zones and domains of the Arabidopsis primary root. In some cases, we found synergism between hormones that function either positively or negatively in proliferation, elongation or differentiation. Intriguingly, there are other cases where the interaction between hormones exhibits unexpected results. Future analysis on the molecular mechanisms underlying crosstalk hormone action in specific zones and domains will unravel their coordination over PR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Brenda Anabel López-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica L. García-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Adriana Garay-Arroyo,
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Gaillochet C, Burko Y, Platre MP, Zhang L, Simura J, Willige BC, Kumar SV, Ljung K, Chory J, Busch W. HY5 and phytochrome activity modulate shoot-to-root coordination during thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:226051. [PMID: 33144393 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most impactful environmental factors to which plants adjust their growth and development. Although the regulation of temperature signaling has been extensively investigated for the aerial part of plants, much less is known and understood about how roots sense and modulate their growth in response to fluctuating temperatures. Here, we found that shoot and root growth responses to high ambient temperature are coordinated during early seedling development in Arabidopsis A shoot signaling module that includes HY5, the phytochromes and the PIFs exerts a central function in coupling these growth responses and maintaining auxin levels in the root. In addition to the HY5/PIF-dependent shoot module, a regulatory axis composed of auxin biosynthesis and auxin perception factors controls root responses to high ambient temperature. Taken together, our findings show that shoot and root developmental responses to temperature are tightly coupled during thermomorphogenesis and suggest that roots integrate energy signals with local hormonal inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gaillochet
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yogev Burko
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jan Simura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn C Willige
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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46
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López-Ruiz BA, Zluhan-Martínez E, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Interplay between Hormones and Several Abiotic Stress Conditions on Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root Development. Cells 2020; 9:E2576. [PMID: 33271980 PMCID: PMC7759812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adjust their growth to withstand several environmental conditions. The root is a crucial organ for plant survival as it is responsible for water and nutrient acquisition from the soil and has high phenotypic plasticity in response to a lack or excess of them. How plants sense and transduce their external conditions to achieve development, is still a matter of investigation and hormones play fundamental roles. Hormones are small molecules essential for plant growth and their function is modulated in response to stress environmental conditions and internal cues to adjust plant development. This review was motivated by the need to explore how Arabidopsis thaliana primary root differentially sense and transduce external conditions to modify its development and how hormone-mediated pathways contribute to achieve it. To accomplish this, we discuss available data of primary root growth phenotype under several hormone loss or gain of function mutants or exogenous application of compounds that affect hormone concentration in several abiotic stress conditions. This review shows how different hormones could promote or inhibit primary root development in A. thaliana depending on their growth in several environmental conditions. Interestingly, the only hormone that always acts as a promoter of primary root development is gibberellins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anabel López-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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47
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Mutanwad KV, Zangl I, Lucyshyn D. The Arabidopsis O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY regulates root hair patterning independently of gibberellin signaling. Development 2020; 147:dev.192039. [PMID: 32928908 PMCID: PMC7567127 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Root hairs are able to sense soil composition and play an important role in water and nutrient uptake. In Arabidopsis thaliana, root hairs are distributed in the epidermis in a specific pattern, regularly alternating with non-root hair cells in continuous cell files. This patterning is regulated by internal factors such as a number of hormones, as well as by external factors like nutrient availability. Thus, root hair patterning is an excellent model for studying the plasticity of cell fate determination in response to environmental changes. Here, we report that loss-of-function mutants for the Protein O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY (SPY) show defects in root hair patterning. Using transcriptional reporters, we show that patterning in spy-22 is affected upstream of GLABRA2 (GL2) and WEREWOLF (WER). O-fucosylation of nuclear and cytosolic proteins is an important post-translational modification that is still not very well understood. So far, SPY is best characterized for its role in gibberellin signaling via fucosylation of the growth-repressing DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA). Our data suggest that the epidermal patterning defects in spy-22 are independent of RGA and gibberellin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Zangl
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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48
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Song S, Yan R, Wang C, Wang J, Sun H. Improvement of a Genetic Transformation System and Preliminary Study on the Function of LpABCB21 and LpPILS7 Based on Somatic Embryogenesis in Lilium pumilum DC. Fisch. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6784. [PMID: 32947885 PMCID: PMC7554901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin transport mediates the asymmetric distribution of auxin that determines the fate of cell development. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is an important technical means to study gene function. Our previous study showed that the expression levels of LpABCB21 and LpPILS7 are significantly up-regulated in the somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Lilium pumilum DC. Fisch. (L. pumilum), but the functions of both genes remain unclear. Here, the genetic transformation technology previously developed by our team based on the L. pumilum system was improved, and the genetic transformation efficiency increased by 5.7-13.0%. Use of overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 technology produced three overexpression and seven mutant lines of LpABCB21, and seven overexpression and six mutant lines of LpPILS7. Analysis of the differences in somatic embryo induction of transgenic lines confirmed that LpABCB21 regulates the early formation of the somatic embryo; however, excessive expression level of LpABCB21 inhibits somatic embryo induction efficiency. LpPILS7 mainly regulates somatic embryo induction efficiency. This study provides a more efficient method of genetic transformation of L. pumilum. LpABCB21 and LpPILS7 are confirmed to have important regulatory roles in L. pumilum SE thus laying the foundation for subsequent studies of the molecular mechanism of Lilium SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Song
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (S.S.); (R.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (S.S.); (R.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (S.S.); (R.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (S.S.); (R.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (S.S.); (R.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
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49
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de Vries J, de Vries S, Curtis BA, Zhou H, Penny S, Feussner K, Pinto DM, Steinert M, Cohen AM, von Schwartzenberg K, Archibald JM. Heat stress response in the closest algal relatives of land plants reveals conserved stress signaling circuits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1025-1048. [PMID: 32333477 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
All land plants (embryophytes) share a common ancestor that likely evolved from a filamentous freshwater alga. Elucidating the transition from algae to embryophytes - and the eventual conquering of Earth's surface - is one of the most fundamental questions in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated one of the organismal properties that might have enabled this transition: resistance to drastic temperature shifts. We explored the effect of heat stress in Mougeotia and Spirogyra, two representatives of Zygnematophyceae - the closest known algal sister lineage to land plants. Heat stress induced pronounced phenotypic alterations in their plastids, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy-based profiling of 565 transitions for the analysis of main central metabolites revealed significant shifts in 43 compounds. We also analyzed the global differential gene expression responses triggered by heat, generating 92.8 Gbp of sequence data and assembling a combined set of 8905 well-expressed genes. Each organism had its own distinct gene expression profile; less than one-half of their shared genes showed concordant gene expression trends. We nevertheless detected common signature responses to heat such as elevated transcript levels for molecular chaperones, thylakoid components, and - corroborating our metabolomic data - amino acid metabolism. We also uncovered the heat-stress responsiveness of genes for phosphorelay-based signal transduction that links environmental cues, calcium signatures and plastid biology. Our data allow us to infer the molecular heat stress response that the earliest land plants might have used when facing the rapidly shifting temperature conditions of the terrestrial habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruce A Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Biological Spectrometry Core Facility, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 661 University Ave, Suite 505, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
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50
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Sun L, Feraru E, Feraru MI, Waidmann S, Wang W, Passaia G, Wang ZY, Wabnik K, Kleine-Vehn J. PIN-LIKES Coordinate Brassinosteroid Signaling with Nuclear Auxin Input in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1579-1588.e6. [PMID: 32169207 PMCID: PMC7198975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Auxin and brassinosteroids (BR) are crucial growth regulators and display overlapping functions during plant development. Here, we reveal an alternative phytohormone crosstalk mechanism, revealing that BR signaling controls PIN-LIKES (PILS)-dependent nuclear abundance of auxin. We performed a forward genetic screen for imperial pils (imp) mutants that enhance the overexpression phenotypes of PILS5 putative intracellular auxin transport facilitator. Here, we report that the imp1 mutant is defective in the BR-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). Our set of data reveals that BR signaling transcriptionally and post-translationally represses the accumulation of PILS proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby increasing nuclear abundance and signaling of auxin. We demonstrate that this alternative phytohormonal crosstalk mechanism integrates BR signaling into auxin-dependent organ growth rates and likely has widespread importance for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Elena Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Mugurel I Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Sascha Waidmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gisele Passaia
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
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