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Lin X, Yang F, Yan S, Wu H, Wang P, Zhao Y, Shi D, Yao H, Wu H, Li L. Preparation and characterization of mouse-derived monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of the H1N1 influenza virus. Virus Res 2024; 345:199402. [PMID: 38772446 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
H1N1 influenza virus is a significant global public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA) have become an important therapeutic strategy, offering highly specific targeting to block viral transmission and infection. This study focused on the development of mAbs targeting HA of the A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1pdm09, VIC-19) strain by utilizing hybridoma technology to produce two mAbs with high binding capacity. Notably, mAb 2B2 has demonstrated a strong affinity for HA proteins in recent H1N1 influenza vaccine strains. In vitro assessments showed that both mAbs exhibited broad-spectrum hemagglutination inhibition and potent neutralizing effects against various vaccine strains of H1N1pdm09 viruses. 2B2 was also effective in animal models, offering both preventive and therapeutic protection against infections caused by recent H1N1 strains, highlighting its potential for clinical application. By individually co-cultivating each of the aforementioned mAbs with the virus in chicken embryos, four amino acid substitution sites in HA (H138Q, G140R, A141E/V, and D187E) were identified in escape mutants, three in the antigenic site Ca2, and one in Sb. The identification of such mutations is pivotal, as it compels further investigation into how these alterations could undermine the binding efficacy and neutralization capacity of antibodies, thereby impacting the design and optimization of mAb therapies and influenza vaccines. This research highlights the necessity for continuous exploration into the dynamic interaction between viral evolution and antibody response, which is vital for the formulation of robust therapeutic and preventive strategies against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sijing Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Danrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China.
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Carter T, Iqbal M. The Influenza A Virus Replication Cycle: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 38400091 PMCID: PMC10892522 DOI: 10.3390/v16020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the primary causative agent of influenza, colloquially called the flu. Each year, it infects up to a billion people, resulting in hundreds of thousands of human deaths, and causes devastating avian outbreaks with worldwide losses worth billions of dollars. Always present is the possibility that a highly pathogenic novel subtype capable of direct human-to-human transmission will spill over into humans, causing a pandemic as devastating if not more so than the 1918 influenza pandemic. While antiviral drugs for influenza do exist, they target very few aspects of IAV replication and risk becoming obsolete due to antiviral resistance. Antivirals targeting other areas of IAV replication are needed to overcome this resistance and combat the yearly epidemics, which exact a serious toll worldwide. This review aims to summarise the key steps in the IAV replication cycle, along with highlighting areas of research that need more focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Carter
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK;
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Yan Z, Li Y, Huang S, Wen F. Global distribution, receptor binding, and cross-species transmission of H6 influenza viruses: risks and implications for humans. J Virol 2023; 97:e0137023. [PMID: 37877722 PMCID: PMC10688349 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01370-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The H6 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pervasive subtype that is ubiquitously found in both wild bird and poultry populations across the globe. Recent investigations have unveiled its capacity to infect mammals, thereby expanding its host range beyond that of other subtypes and potentially facilitating its global transmission. This heightened breadth also endows H6 AIVs with the potential to serve as a genetic reservoir for the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza strains through genetic reassortment and adaptive mutations. Furthermore, alterations in key amino acid loci within the H6 AIV genome foster the evolution of viral infection mechanisms, which may enable the virus to surmount interspecies barriers and infect mammals, including humans, thus posing a potential threat to human well-being. In this review, we summarize the origins, dissemination patterns, geographical distribution, cross-species transmission dynamics, and genetic attributes of H6 influenza viruses. This study holds implications for the timely detection and surveillance of H6 AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei Yan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - You Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Zhang J, Wang X, Chen Y, Ye H, Ding S, Zhang T, Liu Y, Li H, Huang L, Qi W, Liao M. Mutational antigenic landscape of prevailing H9N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin spectrum. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113409. [PMID: 37948179 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
H9N2 influenza viruses are globally endemic in birds, and a sharp increase in human infections with H9N2 occurred during 2021 to 2022. In this study, we assess the antigenic and pathogenic impact of 23 hemagglutinin (HA) amino acid mutations. Our study reveals that three specific mutations, labeled R164Q, N166D, and I220T, are responsible for the binding of antibodies with escape mutations. Variants containing R164Q and I220T mutations increase viral replication in avian and mammalian cells. Furthermore, T150A and I220T mutations are found to enhance viral replication in mice, indicating that these mutations may have the potential to adapt mammals. Structure analysis reveals that residues 164 and 220 bearing R164Q and I220T mutations increase interactions with the surrounding residues. Our findings enrich current knowledge about the risk assessment regarding which predominant HA immune-escape mutations of H9N2 viruses may pose the greatest threat to the emergence of pandemics in birds and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hejia Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiping Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wan Z, Zhao Z, Sang J, Jiang W, Chen J, Tang T, Li Y, Kan Q, Shao H, Zhang J, Xie Q, Li T, Qin A, Ye J. Amino Acid Variation at Hemagglutinin Position 193 Impacts the Properties of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0137922. [PMID: 36749072 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01379-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite active control strategies, including the vaccination program in poultry, H9N2 avian influenza viruses possessing mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) were frequently isolated. In this study, we analyzed the substitutions at HA residue 193 (H3 numbering) of H9N2 and investigated the impact of these mutations on viral properties. Our study indicated that H9N2 circulating in the Chinese poultry have experienced frequent mutations at HA residue 193 since 2013, with viruses that carried asparagine (N) being replaced by those with alanine (A), aspartic acid (D), glutamic acid (E), glycine (G), and serine (S), etc. Our results showed the N193G mutation impeded the multiple cycles of growth of H9N2, and although most of the variant HAs retained the preference for human-like receptors as did the wild-type N193 HA, the N193E mutation altered the preference for both human and avian-like receptors. Furthermore, these mutations substantially altered the antigenicity of H9N2 as measured by both monoclonal antibodies and antisera. In vivo studies further demonstrated that these mutations showed profound impact on viral replication and transmission of H9N2 in chicken. Viruses with D, E, or S at residue 193 acquired the ability to replicate in lungs of the infected chickens, whereas virus with G193 reduced its transmissibility in infected chickens to those in direct contact. Our findings demonstrated that variations at HA residue 193 altered various properties of H9N2, highlighting the significance of the continued surveillance of HA for better understanding of the etiology and effective control of H9N2 in poultry. IMPORTANCE H9N2 are widespread and have sporadically caused clinical diseases in humans. Extensive vaccinations in poultry helped constrain H9N2; however, they might have facilitated the evolution of the virus. It is therefore of importance to monitor the variation of the circulating H9N2 and evaluate its risk to both veterinary and public health. Here, we found substitutions at position 193 of HA from H9N2 circulated since 2013 and assessed the impact of several mutations on viral properties. Our data showed these mutations resulted in substantial antigenic change. N193E altered the binding preference of HA for human-like to both avian and human-like receptors. More importantly, N193G impaired the growth of H9N2 and its transmission in chickens, whereas mutations from N to D, E, and S enhanced the viral replication in lungs of chickens. Our study enriched the knowledge about H9N2 and may help implement an effective control strategy for H9N2.
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Hirai G. Pseudo-glycoconjugates with a C-glycoside linkage. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:35-77. [PMID: 36470649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Work by the author and colleagues has been focused on the development of pseudo-glycans (pseudo-glycoconjugates), in which the O-glycosidic linkage of the natural-type glycan structure is replaced by a C-glycosidic linkage. These analogs are not degraded by cellular glycoside hydrolases and are thus expected to be useful molecular tools that may maintain the original biological activity for a long period in the cell. However, their biological potential is not yet well understood because only a few pseudo glycans have so far been synthesized. This article aims to provide a bird's-eye view of our recent studies on the creation of C-glycoside analogs of ganglioside GM3 based on the CHF-sialoside linkage, and summarizes the chemical insights acquired during our stereoselective synthesis of the C-sialoside bond, ultimately leading to pseudo-GM3. Conformational analysis of the synthesized CHF-sialoside disaccharides confirmed that the anticipated conformational control by F-atom introduction was successful, and furthermore, enhanced the biological activity. In order to improve access to C-glycoside analogs based on pseudo-GM3, it is still important to streamline the synthesis process. With this in mind, we designed and developed a direct C-glycosylation method using atom-transfer radical coupling, and employed it in syntheses of pseudo-isomaltose and pseudo-KRN7000.
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Miao X, Feng M, Zhu O, Yang F, Yin Y, Yin Y, Chen S, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. H5N8 Subtype avian influenza virus isolated from migratory birds emerging in Eastern China possessed a high pathogenicity in mammals. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3325-3338. [PMID: 35989421 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene have been widely spread through wild migratory birds since 2020. One H5N8 HPAIV (A/Wild bird/Cixi/Cixi02/2020; here after Cixi02) was isolated from migratory birds in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China in 25 November 2020. However, its pathogenicity in avian and mammal remains unknown. Hemagglutinin gene genetic analysis indicated that Cixi02 virus belonged to the branch II of H5 clade 2.3.4.4b originated from Iraq in May 2020. Cixi02 virus showed a binding affinity to both SA α-2, 3-galactose (Gal) and SA α-2, 6 Gal receptors, good pH stability, thermostability, and replication ability in both avian and mammal cells. The poultry pathogenicity indicated that Cixi02 virus was lethal to chickens. Moreover, the mammalian pathogenicity showed that the 50% mouse lethal dose (MLD50 ) is 2.14 lgEID50 /50 μl, indicating a high pathogenicity in mice. Meanwhile, Cixi02 virus was widely detected in multiple organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, turbinate, and brain after nasal infection. In addition, we found high level gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-12p70, CXCL10, and IFN-α in lungs, IL-8 and IL-1β in brains, and observed severe histopathological change in lungs and brains. Collectedly, this study provided new insights on the pathogenic and zoonotic features of an H5N8 subtype AIV isolated from migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingcan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ouwen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Boravleva E, Treshchalina A, Postnikova Y, Gambaryan A, Belyakova A, Sadykova G, Prilipov A, Lomakina N, Ishmukhametov A. Molecular Characteristics, Receptor Specificity, and Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Ducks in Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10829. [PMID: 36142740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of wild ducks are known to be able to sporadically infect domestic birds and spread along poultry. Regular surveillance of AIV in the wild is needed to prepare for potential outbreaks. During long-year monitoring, 46 strains of AIV were isolated from gulls and mallards in Moscow ponds and completely sequenced. Amino acid positions that affect the pathogenicity of influenza viruses in different hosts were tested. The binding affinity of the virus for receptors analogs typical for different hosts and the pathogenicity of viruses for mice and chickens were investigated. Moscow isolates did not contain well-known markers of pathogenicity and/or adaptation to mammals, so as a polybasic cleavage site in HA, substitutions of 226Q and 228G amino acids in the receptor-binding region of HA, and substitutions of 627E and 701D amino acids in the PB2. The PDZ-domain ligand in the NS protein of all studied viruses contains the ESEV or ESEI sequence. Although several viruses had the N66S substitution in the PB1-F2 protein, all Moscow isolates were apathogenic for both mice and chickens. This demonstrates that the phenotypic manifestation of pathogenicity factors is not absolute but depends on the genome context.
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Motahhar M, Keyvanfar H, Shoushtari A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Nikbakht Brujeni G. The arrival of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N8 in Iran through two windows, 2016. Virus Genes 2022; 58:527-539. [PMID: 36098944 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has received considerable attention during the past 2 decades due to its zoonotic and mutative features. This Virus is of special importance due to to the possibility of causing infection in human populations. According to it's geographical location, Iran hosts a large number of aquatic migratory birds every year, and since these birds can be considered as the host of the H5 HPAI, the country is significantly at risk of this virus. the In this study, the molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the H5N8 strain were identified in Malard county of Tehran province and Meighan wetland of Arak city, Markazi province were investigated. Based on the analysis of the amino acid sequence of the HA genes, the cleavage site of the gene includes the PLREKRRKR/GLF polybasic amino acid motif, which is a characteristic of highly pathogenic influenza viruses. The HA gene of two viruses had T156A, S123P, S133A mutations associated with the increased mammalian sialic acid-binding, and the NA gene of two viruses had H253Y mutations associated with the resistance to antiviral drugs. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes indicated the classification of these viruses in the 2.3.4.4 b subclade. Although the A/Goose/Iran/180/2016 virus was also an H5N8 2.3.4.4 b virus, its cluster was separated from the A/Chicken/Iran/162/2016 virus. This means that the entry of these viruses in to the country happened through more than one window. Furthermore, it seems that the introduction of these H5N8 HPAI strains in Iran probably occurred through the West Asia-East African flyway by wild migratory aquatic birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Motahhar
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Keyvanfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolhamid Shoushtari
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Tan X, Yan X, Liu Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Mu M, Zhao J, Wang X, Li J, Wen L, Guo P, Zhou Z, Li X, Bao P. A case of human infection by H3N8 influenza virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2214-2217. [PMID: 36000153 PMCID: PMC9542523 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2117097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- Department of pediatric, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China, No.311, Yingpan Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - XiaoTian Yan
- Department of pediatric, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China, No.311, Yingpan Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhonghua Road west Section 747th , Yicheng District, Zhumadian, 463000, P.R.China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The First Hospital of Changsha China, No.311, Yingpan Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - JiYang Liu
- Changsha Municipal Health Commission, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Mu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Faculty, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road 17th, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, P.R.China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry Ward 5th, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Xuesong Road East Section 51th, Yicheng District, Zhumadian, 463000, P.R.China
| | - XiangYun Wang
- Department of pediatric, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China, No.311, Yingpan Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - JieQiong Li
- Department of pediatric, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China, No.311, Yingpan Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wen
- Department of pediatric, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhonghua Road west Section 747th , Yicheng District, Zhumadian, 463000, P.R.China
| | - ZhiGuo Zhou
- Department of pediatric, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - XiuBin Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Yongding Road 69th, Haidian District, Beijing, 100039, P.R.China
| | - PengTao Bao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Faculty, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road 17th, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, P.R.China
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11
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Zhang H, Yao Y, Li Y, Chen J, Chen Z. Evidence for Water-Borne Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896469. [PMID: 35694294 PMCID: PMC9183062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we isolated 10 H5N1 strains from water samples in Dongting Lake and 4 H5N1 strains from lakeside backyard poultry. These isolates belonged to three distinct clades (clade 2.3.2, 2.3.4, and 7). Phylogenetic analysis showed a diversified genome constellation. The genetic characteristics of some viruses isolated from water samples were extremely similar to those from lakeside poultry. Pathogenic experiments showed that selected represented isolates in this study were highly pathogenic for SPF chickens but had a diversified virulence in mice. The results of our study suggested the potential transmission of avian influenza (H5N1) between the poultry and wild waterfowls and water body around the habitat may play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen,
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Ze Chen,
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Liang J, Li Q, Cai L, Yuan Q, Chen L, Lin Q, Xiao C, Xiang B, Ren T. Adaptation of Two Wild Bird-Origin H3N8 Avian Influenza Viruses to Mammalian Hosts. Viruses 2022; 14:1097. [PMID: 35632838 PMCID: PMC9147613 DOI: 10.3390/v14051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild birds play an important role in the emergence, evolution, and spread of zoonotic avian influenza viruses (AIVs). However, there are few studies on the cross-species transmission of the H3N8 AIV originating from wild birds. In this study, we investigated the transmissibility and pathogenicity of two H3N8 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) isolated from wild birds, GZA1 and XJ47, to mammals. The HA genes of both strains belonged to Eurasian isolates, while the other genes were derived from a variety of other subtypes of AIVs. Both strains can infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, BALB/c mice, and guinea pigs. The XJ47 strain spread horizontally in SPF chickens and guinea pigs. The GZA1 strain did not spread horizontally but caused higher weight loss and mild lung inflammation in mice. P12-GZA1- and P12-XJ47-adapted strains obtained after 12 passages in the lung of mice showed enhanced pathogenicity in mice, which led to obvious clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, and 100% death. Both adapted strains have the reported mutation T97I in the PA, and the reported mutation D701N in PB2 has been found in the P12-GZA1-adapted strain. This study provides an important scientific basis for the continuous monitoring of wild AIVs and the mechanism underlying AIV cross-species transmission.
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Li J, Zhang L, Bao L, Wang Y, Qiu L, Hu J, Tang R, Yu H, Shan J, Li Y, Qin C, Zhu F. A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against the hemagglutinin of avian influenza virus H7N9. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; Publish Ahead of Print. [PMID: 35671181 PMCID: PMC9276153 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The new emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus, causing severe human infection with a mortality rate of around 41%. This study aims to provide a novel treatment option for the prevention and control of H7N9. Methods: H7 hemagglutinin (HA)-specific B cells were isolated from peripheral blood plasma cells of the patients previously infected by H7N9 in Jiangsu Province, China. The human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by amplification and cloning of these HA-specific B cells. First, all human mAbs were screened for binding activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, those mAbs, exhibiting potent affinity to recognize H7 HAs were further evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) and microneutralization in vitro assays. Finally, the lead mAb candidate was selected and tested against the lethal challenge of the H7N9 virus using murine models. Results: The mAb 6-137 was able to recognize a panel of H7 HAs with high affinity but not HA of other subtypes, including H1N1 and H3N2. The mAb 6-137 can efficiently inhibit the HA activity in the inactivated H7N9 virus and neutralize 100 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) of H7N9 virus (influenza A/Nanjing/1/2013) in vitro, with neutralizing activity as low as 78 ng/mL. In addition, the mAb 6-137 protected the mice against the lethal challenge of H7N9 prophylactically and therapeutically. Conclusion: The mAb 6-137 could be an effective antibody as a prophylactic or therapeutic biological treatment for the H7N9 exposure or infection.
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Cui H, Che G, de Jong MCM, Li X, Liu Q, Yang J, Teng Q, Li Z, Beerens N. The PB1 gene from H9N2 avian influenza virus showed high compatibility and increased mutation rate after reassorting with a human H1N1 influenza virus. Virol J 2022; 19:20. [PMID: 35078489 PMCID: PMC8788113 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reassortment between human and avian influenza viruses (AIV) may result in novel viruses with new characteristics that may threaten human health when causing the next flu pandemic. A particular risk may be posed by avian influenza viruses of subtype H9N2 that are currently massively circulating in domestic poultry in Asia and have been shown to infect humans. In this study, we investigate the characteristics and compatibility of a human H1N1 virus with avian H9N2 derived genes. Methods The polymerase activity of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex as combinations of polymerase-related gene segments derived from different reassortment events was tested in luciferase reporter assays. Reassortant viruses were generated by reverse genetics. Gene segments of the human WSN-H1N1 virus (A/WSN/1933) were replaced by gene segments of the avian A2093-H9N2 virus (A/chicken/Jiangsu/A2093/2011), which were both the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) gene segments in combination with one of the genes involved in the RNP complex (either PB2, PB1, PA or NP). The growth kinetics and virulence of reassortant viruses were tested on cell lines and mice. The reassortant viruses were then passaged for five generations in MDCK cells and mice lungs. The HA gene of progeny viruses from different passaging paths was analyzed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Results We discovered that the avian PB1 gene of H9N2 increased the polymerase activity of the RNP complex in backbone of H1N1. Reassortant viruses were able to replicate in MDCK and DF1 cells and mice. Analysis of the NGS data showed a higher substitution rate for the PB1-reassortant virus. In particular, for the PB1-reassortant virus, increased virulence for mice was measured by increased body weight loss after infection in mice. Conclusions The higher polymerase activity and increased mutation frequency measured for the PB1-reassortant virus suggests that the avian PB1 gene of H9N2 may drive the evolution and adaptation of reassortant viruses to the human host. This study provides novel insights in the characteristics of viruses that may arise by reassortment of human and avian influenza viruses. Surveillance for infections with H9N2 viruses and the emergence of the reassortant viruses in humans is important for pandemic preparedness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01745-x.
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarise the information about the cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bulgaria during the last two decades. According to the EMPRES-I FAO data, from January 2006 to the end of 2019, 141 HPAI outbreaks have been registered in Bulgaria, with two identified virus serotypes (H5N1 and H5N8). The H5N1 outbreaks were reported in 2006, 2010 and 2015. Almost all H5N1 cases were observed in wild birds, with only one outbreak in domestic chickens in a backyard farm in 2015. From 2016 to the end of 2019, 132 outbreaks of HPAI identified as H5N8 were recorded: sixteen in wild birds and the other 116 - in domestic poultry. Large farms with fattening ducks used for foie gras production in four administrative districts (Plovdiv, Haskovo, Stara Zagora, Dobrich) were mainly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Stoimenov
- Department of Infectious Pathology and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
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16
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Ripa RN, Sealy JE, Raghwani J, Das T, Barua H, Masuduzzaman M, Saifuddin A, Huq MR, Uddin MI, Iqbal M, Brown I, Lewis NS, Pfeiffer D, Fournie G, Biswas PK. Molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in clinically affected chickens on farms in Bangladesh. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2223-2234. [PMID: 34753400 PMCID: PMC8635652 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2004865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 co-circulate in poultry in Bangladesh, causing significant bird morbidity and mortality. Despite their importance to the poultry value chain, the role of farms in spreading and maintaining AIV infections remains poorly understood in most disease-endemic settings. To address this crucial gap in our knowledge, we conducted a cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2019 in the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh in clinically affected and dead chickens in farms with suspected AIV infection. Viral prevalence of each subtype was approximately 10% among farms for which veterinary advice was sought, indicating a high level of virus circulation in chicken farms despite the low number of reported outbreaks. The level of co-circulation of both subtypes on farms was high, with our study suggesting that in the field, the co-circulation of H5N1 and H9N2 can modulate disease severity, which could facilitate an underestimated level of AIV transmission in the poultry value chain. Finally, using newly generated whole-genome sequences, we investigate the evolutionary history of a small subset of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. Our analyses revealed that for both subtypes, the sampled viruses were genetically most closely related to other viruses isolated in Bangladesh and represented multiple independent incursions. However, due to lack of longitudinal surveillance in this region, it is difficult to ascertain whether these viruses emerged from endemic strains circulating in Bangladesh or from neighbouring countries. We also show that amino acids at putative antigenic residues underwent a distinct replacement during 2012 which coincides with the use of H5N1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripatun Nahar Ripa
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Joshua E Sealy
- Avian influenza viruses group, the Pirbright institute, Ash road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tridip Das
- Poultry Research and Training Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masuduzzaman
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Akm Saifuddin
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reajul Huq
- District Livestock Office, Chattogram, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Inkeyas Uddin
- Poultry Research and Training Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Munir Iqbal
- Avian influenza viruses group, the Pirbright institute, Ash road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Brown
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola S Lewis
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead lane, Brookmans park, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.,Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Pfeiffer
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Guillaume Fournie
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead lane, Brookmans park, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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17
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Xiang B, Song J, Chen L, Liang J, Li X, Yu D, Lin Q, Liao M, Ren T, Xu C. Duck-origin H5N6 avian influenza viruses induce different pathogenic and inflammatory effects in mice. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3509-3518. [PMID: 33316151 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since 2013, H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and have caused 24 laboratory-confirmed human cases. In this study, we isolated nine (B1-B9) H5N6 viruses from healthy ducks in Guangdong Province, Southern China from December 2018 to April 2019. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B7, B8, and B9 clustered into the G1.1 genotype and shared high sequence similarity with human H5N6 isolates from Southern China in 2017 and 2018. Meanwhile, B6 clustered into the G1.1.9 genotype. The hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and nonstructural protein (NS) gene segments of B6 were closely related to the human H5N6 isolates, while the other genomic segments were closely related to H5N6 viruses isolated from waterfowl in Southern China. Compared to B7, B6 had higher pathogenicity and induced stronger inflammatory responses in mice. B6 carried a full-length PB1-F2 protein (90 aa), while the rest carried an 11-amino acid C-terminal-truncated PB1-F2. The PB1-F2 protein may increase the virulence of B6 compared to that of B7. Our findings provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of H5N6 viruses in mammals and emphasize the need for continued surveillance of circulating H5N6 viruses in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
Hemagglutinins (HAs) are the receptor-binding and membrane fusion glycoproteins of influenza viruses. They recognize sialic acid-containing, cell-surface glycoconjugates as receptors but have limited affinity for them, and, as a consequence, virus attachment to cells requires their interaction with several virus HAs. Receptor-bound virus is transferred into endosomes where membrane fusion by HAs is activated at pH between 5 and 6.5, depending on the strain of virus. Fusion activity requires extensive rearrangements in HA conformation that include extrusion of a buried "fusion peptide" to connect with the endosomal membrane, form a bridge to the virus membrane, and eventually bring both membranes close together. In this review, we give an overview of the structures of the 16 genetically and antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A HA in relation to these two functions in virus replication and in relation to recognition of HA by antibodies that neutralize infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien G Vachieri
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhang
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - John J Skehel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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19
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Herfst S, Zhang J, Richard M, McBride R, Lexmond P, Bestebroer TM, Spronken MIJ, de Meulder D, van den Brand JM, Rosu ME, Martin SR, Gamblin SJ, Xiong X, Peng W, Bodewes R, van der Vries E, Osterhaus ADME, Paulson JC, Skehel JJ, Fouchier RAM. Hemagglutinin Traits Determine Transmission of Avian A/H10N7 Influenza Virus between Mammals. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 28:602-613.e7. [PMID: 33031770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, an outbreak of avian A/H10N7 influenza virus occurred among seals along North-European coastal waters, significantly impacting seal populations. Here, we examine the cross-species transmission and mammalian adaptation of this influenza A virus, revealing changes in the hemagglutinin surface protein that increase stability and receptor binding. The seal A/H10N7 virus was aerosol or respiratory droplet transmissible between ferrets. Compared with avian H10 hemagglutinin, seal H10 hemagglutinin showed stronger binding to the human-type sialic acid receptor, with preferential binding to α2,6-linked sialic acids on long extended branches. In X-ray structures, changes in the 220-loop of the receptor-binding pocket caused similar interactions with human receptor as seen for pandemic strains. Two substitutions made seal H10 hemagglutinin more stable than avian H10 hemagglutinin and similar to human hemagglutinin. Consequently, identification of avian-origin influenza viruses across mammals appears critical to detect influenza A viruses posing a major threat to humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhang
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan McBride
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique I J Spronken
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis de Meulder
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M van den Brand
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miruna E Rosu
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Wenjie Peng
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Centre for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John J Skehel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Hirai G, Kato M, Koshino H, Nishizawa E, Oonuma K, Ota E, Watanabe T, Hashizume D, Tamura Y, Okada M, Miyagi T, Sodeoka M. Ganglioside GM3 Analogues Containing Monofluoromethylene-Linked Sialoside: Synthesis, Stereochemical Effects, Conformational Behavior, and Biological Activities. JACS Au 2021; 1:137-146. [PMID: 34467279 PMCID: PMC8395706 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are an important class of biomolecules that regulate numerous biological events in cells. However, these complex, medium-size molecules are metabolically unstable, which hampers detailed investigations of their functions as well as their potential application as pharmaceuticals. Here we report sialidase-resistant analogues of ganglioside GM3 containing a monofluoromethylene linkage instead of the native O-sialoside linkage. Stereoselective synthesis of CHF-linked disaccharides and kinetically controlled Au(I)-catalyzed glycosylation efficiently furnished both stereoisomers of CHF-linked as well as CF 2 - and CH 2 -linked GM3 analogues. Like native GM3, the C-linked GM3 analogues inhibited the autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor induced by EGF in vitro. Assay of the proliferation-enhancing activity toward Had-1 cells together with NMR-based conformational analysis showed that the (S)-CHF-linked GM3 analogue with exo-gauche conformation is the most potent of the synthesized compounds. Our findings suggest that exo-anomeric conformation is important for the biological functions of GM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Hirai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu
University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Marie Kato
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eri Nishizawa
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kana Oonuma
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ota
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN
Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Okada
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- Miyagi Cancer
Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Resaerch, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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21
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Liu Y, Li S, Sun H, Pan L, Cui X, Zhu X, Feng Y, Li M, Yu Y, Wu M, Lin J, Xu F, Yuan S, Huang S, Sun H, Liao M. Variation and Molecular Basis for Enhancement of Receptor Binding of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in China Isolates. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:602124. [PMID: 33391219 PMCID: PMC7773702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.602124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, H9N2 avian influenza viruses (H9N2 AIVs) globally circulate in poultry and have acquired some adaptation to mammals. However, it is not clear what the molecular basis is for the variation in receptor-binding features of the H9N2 AIVs. The receptor-binding features of 92 H9N2 AIVs prevalent in China during 1994-2017 were characterized through solid-phase ELISA assay and reverse genetics. H9N2 AIVs that circulated in this period mostly belonged to clade h9.4.2. Two increasing incidents occurred in the ability of H9N2 AIVs to bind to avian-like receptors in 2002-2005 and 2011-2014. Two increasing incidents occurred in the strength of H9N2 AIVs to bind to human-like receptors in 2002-2005 and 2011-2017. We found that Q227M, D145G/N, S119R, and R246K mutations can significantly increase H9N2 AIVs to bind to both avian- and human-like receptors. A160D/N, Q156R, T205A, Q226L, V245I, V216L, D208E, T212I, R172Q, and S175N mutations can significantly enhance the strength of H9N2 AIVs to bind to human-like receptors. Our study also identified mutations T205A, D208E, V216L, Q226L, and V245I as the key sites leading to enhanced receptor binding of H9N2 AIVs during 2002-2005 and mutations S119R, D145G, Q156R, A160D, T212I, Q227M, and R246K as the key sites leading to enhanced receptor binding of H9N2 AIVs during 2011-2017. These findings further illustrate the receptor-binding characteristics of avian influenza viruses, which can be a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huapeng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangqi Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaling Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiate Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Sealy JE, Peacock TP, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Everest HJ, Bhat S, Iqbal M. Adsorptive mutation and N-linked glycosylation modulate influenza virus antigenicity and fitness. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2622-2631. [PMID: 33179567 PMCID: PMC7738305 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1850180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses have an error-prone polymerase complex that facilitates a mutagenic environment. Antigenic mutants swiftly arise from this environment with the capacity to persist in both humans and economically important livestock even in the face of vaccination. Furthermore, influenza viruses can adjust the antigenicity of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein, the primary influenza immunogen, using one of four molecular mechanisms. Two prominent mechanisms are: (1) enhancing binding avidity of HA toward cellular receptors to outcompete antibody binding and (2) amino acid substitutions that introduce an N-linked glycan on HA that sterically block antibody binding. In this study we investigate the impact that adsorptive mutation and N-linked glycosylation have on receptor-binding, viral fitness, and antigenicity. We utilize the H9N2 A/chicken/Pakistan/SKP-827/16 virus which naturally contains HA residue T180 that we have previously shown to be an adsorptive mutant relative to virus with T180A. We find that the addition of N-linked glycans can be beneficial or deleterious to virus replication depending on the background receptor binding avidity. We also find that in some cases, an N-linked glycan can trump the effect of an avidity enhancing substitution with respect to antigenicity. Taken together these data shed light on a potential route to the generation of a virus which is "fit" and able to overcome vaccine pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Holly J Everest
- Avian Influenza, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sushant Bhat
- Avian Influenza, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK
| | - Munir Iqbal
- Avian Influenza, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK
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23
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Abstract
Through annual epidemics and global pandemics, influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a significant threat to human health as the leading cause of severe respiratory disease. Within the last century, four global pandemics have resulted from the introduction of novel IAVs into humans, with components of each originating from avian viruses. IAVs infect many avian species wherein they maintain a diverse natural reservoir, posing a risk to humans through the occasional emergence of novel strains with enhanced zoonotic potential. One natural barrier for transmission of avian IAVs into humans is the specificity of the receptor-binding protein, hemagglutinin (HA), which recognizes sialic-acid-containing glycans on host cells. HAs from human IAVs exhibit “human-type” receptor specificity, binding exclusively to glycans on cells lining the human airway where terminal sialic acids are attached in the α2-6 configuration (NeuAcα2-6Gal). In contrast, HAs from avian viruses exhibit specificity for “avian-type” α2-3-linked (NeuAcα2-3Gal) receptors and thus require adaptive mutations to bind human-type receptors. Since all human IAV pandemics can be traced to avian origins, there remains ever-present concern over emerging IAVs with human-adaptive potential that might lead to the next pandemic. This concern has been brought into focus through emergence of SARS-CoV-2, aligning both scientific and public attention to the threat of novel respiratory viruses from animal sources. In this review, we summarize receptor-binding adaptations underlying the emergence of all prior IAV pandemics in humans, maintenance and evolution of human-type receptor specificity in subsequent seasonal IAVs, and potential for future human-type receptor adaptation in novel avian HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
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24
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Ciminski K, Chase GP, Beer M, Schwemmle M. Influenza A Viruses: Understanding Human Host Determinants. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:104-112. [PMID: 33097424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics have invariably been caused by the introduction of an emergent IAV strain from an animal host into a human population with no or only little pre-existing immunity to the novel strain. Although zoonotic spillover of IAVs into humans can be associated with severe disease and a high fatality rate, these strains are typically poorly adapted to humans and are unable to establish sustained transmission between humans. Given the presumably very high degree of exposure to animal populations with endemic IAV, the number of pandemics remains surprisingly low. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of zoonotic IAV to human hosts, and discuss the implications for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey P Chase
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Xu H, Qian J, Song Y, Ming D. The adaptability of H9N2 avian influenza A virus to humans: A comparative docking simulation study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:963-969. [PMID: 32819606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus, the H9N2 subtype, is an avian influenza virus that has long been circulating in the worldwide poultry industry and is occasionally found to be transmissible to humans. Evidence from genomic analysis suggests that H9N2 provides the genes for the H5N1 and H7N9 subtypes, which have been found to infect mammals and pose a threat to human health. However, due to the lack of a structural model of the interaction between H9N2 and host cells, the mechanism of the extensive adaptability and strong transformation capacity of H9N2 is not fully understood. In this paper, we collected 40 representative H9N2 virus samples reported recently, mainly in China and neighboring countries, and investigated the interactions between H9N2 hemagglutinin and the mammalian receptor, the polysaccharide α-2,6-linked lactoseries tetrasaccharide c, at the atomic level using docking simulation tools. We categorized the mutations of studied H9N2 hemagglutinin according to their effects on ligand-binding interactions and the phylogenetic analysis. The calculations indicated that all the studied H9N2 viruses can establish a tight binding with LSTc although the mutations caused a variety of perturbations to the local conformation of the binding pocket. Our calculations suggested that a marginal equilibrium is established between the conservative ligand-receptor interaction and the conformational dynamics of the binding pocket, and it might be this equilibrium that allows the virus to accommodate mutations to adapt to a variety of environments. Our results provided a way to understand the adaptive mechanisms of H9N2 viruses, which may help predict its propensity to spread in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyue Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Dengming Ming
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China.
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26
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Li H, Li Q, Li B, Guo Y, Xing J, Xu Q, Liu L, Zhang J, Qi W, Jia W, Liao M. Continuous Reassortment of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenetic Avian Influenza Viruses Demonstrating High Risk to Public Health. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080670. [PMID: 32824873 PMCID: PMC7460007 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it firstly emerged in China in 2013, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has rapidly replaced predominant H5N1 to become the dominant H5 subtype in China, especially in ducks. Not only endemic in China, it also crossed the geographical barrier and emerged in South Korea, Japan, and Europe. Here, we analyzed the genetic properties of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs with full genome sequences available online together with our own isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs continuously reassorted with local H5, H6, and H7N9/H9N2. Species analysis reveals that aquatic poultry and migratory birds became the dominant hosts of H5N6. Adaption to aquatic poultry might help clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 better adapt to migratory birds, thus enabling it to become endemic in China. Besides, migratory birds might help clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 transmit all over the world. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs also showed a preference for α2,6-SA receptors when compared to other avian origin influenza viruses. Experiments in vitro and in vivo revealed that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs exhibited high replication efficiency in both avian and mammal cells, and it also showed high pathogenicity in both mice and chickens, demonstrating high risk to public health. Considering all the factors together, adaption to aquatic poultry and migratory birds helps clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 overcome the geographical isolation, and it has potential to be the next influenza pandemic in the world, making it worthy of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Xiaqiu Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Station, Yantai 261400, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Guo
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinchao Xing
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lele Liu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.L.); Tel.: +86-020-8528-3309 (W.J.); +86-020-8528-0240 (M.L.)
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Q.L.); (B.L.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (Q.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.L.); Tel.: +86-020-8528-3309 (W.J.); +86-020-8528-0240 (M.L.)
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Yu YN, Zheng Y, Hao SS, Zhang Z, Cai JX, Zong MM, Feng XL, Liu QT. The molecular evolutionary characteristics of new isolated H9N2 AIV from East China and the function of vimentin on virus replication in MDCK cells. Virol J 2020; 17:78. [PMID: 32552884 PMCID: PMC7302367 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low pathogenic H9N2 AIV caused the serious impact on the poultry industry and public safety. Our purpose was to investigate the molecular evolutionary characteristics of the new isolated H9N2 virus and investigate the intracellular target protein of H9N2 AIV replication in sensitive cells. METHODS AIV A/chicken/Shandong/LY1/2017 (H9N2) was isolated from the cloaca of the healthy chicken in Shandong, and the full-length eight gene segments of this isolated H9N2 AIV were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed. MDCK cells were used as the target cell model, and VOPBA assay and LC-MS/MS were carried out to identify the virus-binding protein of H9N2 AIV. MDCK cells were pre-treated with the special antibody and siRNA, and treated with H9N2 AIV to detect the virus replication. Additionally, Vimentin-pcDNA3.0 was successfully constructed, and transinfected into MDCK cells, and then H9N2 AIV mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HA, NA, PB2, PB1, PA, NP and M seven genes of the isolated H9N2 AIV were derived from A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98, while NS gene was derived from A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y439/97. The cleavage site sequence of HA gene of the isolated H9N2 AIV was a PARSSR G pattern, and the left side sequence (224 ~ 229) of receptor binding site was NGQQGR pattern, which were similar to that of A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98. Following VOPBA assay, we found one protein of about 50KDa binding to H9N2 AIV, and the results of LC-MS/MS analysis proved that vimentin was the vital protein binding to H9N2 AIV. The pre-incubation of the specific antibody and siRNA decreased the viral RNA level in MDCK cells treated with H9N2 AIV. Furthermore, we found that over-expressed vimentin increased H9N2 AIV replication in MDCK cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the isolated H9N2 AIV might be a recent clinical common H9N2 strain, and vimentin protein might be one vital factor for H9N2 AIV replication in MDCK cells, which might be a novel target for design and development of antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Nan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan Shan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Xi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Man Man Zong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiu Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qing Tao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in Asia, the Middle East, and parts of North and Central Africa, where they cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Of note, some strains of H9N2 viruses have been linked to zoonotic episodes of mild respiratory diseases. Because of the threat posed by H9N2 viruses to poultry and human health, these viruses are considered of pandemic concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). H9N2 IAVs continue to diversify into multiple antigenically and phylogenetically distinct lineages that can further promote the emergence of strains with pandemic potential. Somewhat neglected compared with the H5 and H7 subtypes, there are numerous indicators that H9N2 viruses could be involved directly or indirectly in the emergence of the next influenza pandemic. The goal of this work is to discuss the state of knowledge on H9N2 IAVs and to provide an update on the contemporary global situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carnaccini
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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29
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Thurain K, Mon PP, Nasamran C, Charoenkul K, Boonyapisitsopa S, Tun TN, San YY, Aye AM, Amonsin A. Surveillance of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 in a live bird market in Yangon, Myanmar: 2017-2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2667-2678. [PMID: 32386461 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A survey of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in the Mingalar Taung Nyunt live bird market (MTN-LBM), Yangon, Myanmar, was conducted from December 2017 to December 2018. During the survey, 455 swab samples were collected from broilers, layers, backyard chickens and ducks from the MTN-LBM. Ninety-one pooled samples were screened for IAVs by real-time RT-PCR specific to the M gene. Positive pooled samples were individually retested for IAVs. In total, 2.63% of individual samples (12/455) were positive for IAVs. Out of 12 samples, seven samples from layer chickens and the environment were identified as IAV subtype H5N1. In this study, four IAVs were successfully isolated and further characterized by whole genome sequencing. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed that the viruses were characterized as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 (HPAIV-H5N1) of clade 2.3.2.1c. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses showed that Myanmar HPAIV-H5N1 was closely related to HPAIV-H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c isolated from China and Vietnam in 2014. Our results suggested that the live bird market in Myanmar represents a significant risk of HPAIV-H5N1 transmission in poultry and humans. Moreover, HPAIV-H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c is widely distributed in South-East Asia including Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thurain
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Pont Pont Mon
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Chanakarn Nasamran
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Charoenkul
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanat Boonyapisitsopa
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Than Naing Tun
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Yin Yin San
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Aung Myo Aye
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Yudhawati R, Prasetya RR, Dewantari JR, Nastri AM, Rahardjo K, Novianti AN, Amin M, Rantam FA, Poetranto ED, Wulandari L, Lusida MI, Soetjipto, Soegiarto G, Shimizu YK, Mori Y, Shimizu K. Comparison of Virulence and Lethality in Mice for Avian Influenza Viruses of Two A/H5N1 and One A/H3N6 Isolated from Poultry during Year 2013-2014 in Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:336-342. [PMID: 32350224 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Indonesia, the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus has become endemic and has been linked with direct transmission to humans. From 2013 to 2014, we isolated avian influenza A/H5N1 and A/H3N6 viruses from poultry in Indonesia. This study aimed to reveal their pathogenicity in mammals using a mouse model. Three of the isolates, Av154 of A/H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c, Av240 of A/H5N1 clade 2.1.3.2b, and Av39 of A/H3N6, were inoculated into BALB/c mice. To assess morbidity and mortality, we measured body weight daily and monitored survival for 20 d. Av154- and Av240-infected mice lost 25% of their starting body weight by day 7, while Av39-infected mice did not. Most of the Av154-infected mice died on day 8, while the majority of the Av240-infected mice survived until day 20. A 50% mouse lethal dose was calculated to be 2.0 × 101 50% egg infectious doses for Av154, 1.1 × 105 for Av240 and > 3.2 × 106 for Av39. The Av154 virus was highly virulent and lethal in mice without prior adaptation, suggesting its high pathogenic potential in mammals. The Av240 virus was highly virulent but modestly lethal, whereas the Av39 virus was neither virulent nor lethal. Several mammalian adaptive markers of amino acid residues were associated with the highly virulent and lethal phenotypes of the Av154 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indnesia.,Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Rima R Prasetya
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Jezzy R Dewantari
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Aldise M Nastri
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Krisnoadi Rahardjo
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Arindita N Novianti
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indnesia
| | - Fedik A Rantam
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel D Poetranto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indnesia.,Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Maria I Lusida
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Soegiarto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia
| | - Yohko K Shimizu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Shimizu
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia.,Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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31
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Karakus U, Pohl MO, Stertz S. Breaking the Convention: Sialoglycan Variants, Coreceptors, and Alternative Receptors for Influenza A Virus Entry. J Virol 2020; 94:e01357-19. [PMID: 31776280 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01357-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) envelope protein hemagglutinin binds α2,6- or α2,3-linked sialic acid as a host cell receptor. Bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 form an exception to this rule and do not bind sialic acid but enter cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Here, we review current knowledge on IAV receptors with a focus on sialoglycan variants, protein coreceptors, and alternative receptors that impact IAV attachment and internalization beyond the well-described sialic acid binding.
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32
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Lina L, Saijuan C, Chengyu W, Yuefeng L, Shishan D, Ligong C, Kangkang G, Zhendong G, Jiakai L, Jianhui Z, Qingping L, Wenting Z, Yu S, Honglin W, Tengfei Z, Guoyuan W, Jiping Z, Chunmao Z, Meilin J, Yuwei G, Huabin S, Zongzheng Z. Adaptive amino acid substitutions enable transmission of an H9N2 avian influenza virus in guinea pigs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19734. [PMID: 31875046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 is the most prevalent low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in domestic poultry in the world. Two distinct H9N2 poultry lineages, G1-like (A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97) and Y280-like (A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/1997) viruses, are usually associated with binding affinity for both α 2,3 and α 2,6 sialic acid receptors (avian and human receptors), raising concern whether these viruses possess pandemic potential. To explore the impact of mouse adaptation on the transmissibility of a Y280-like virus A/Chicken/Hubei/214/2017(H9N2) (abbreviated as WT), we performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the WT virus in mice. The mouse-adapted variant (MA) exhibited enhanced pathogenicity and advantaged transmissibility after passaging in mice. Sequence analysis of the complete genomes of the MA virus revealed a total of 16 amino acid substitutions. These mutations distributed across 7 segments including PB2, PB1, PA, NP, HA, NA and NS1 genes. Furthermore, we generated a panel of recombinant or mutant H9N2 viruses using reverse genetics technology and confirmed that the PB2 gene governing the increased pathogenicity and transmissibility. The combinations of 340 K and 588 V in PB2 were important in determining the altered features. Our findings elucidate the specific mutations in PB2 contribute to the phenotype differences and emphasize the importance of monitoring the identified amino acid substitutions due to their potential threat to human health.
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33
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Sharshov K, Mine J, Sobolev I, Kurskaya O, Dubovitskiy N, Kabilov M, Alikina T, Nakayama M, Tsunekuni R, Derko A, Prokopyeva E, Alekseev A, Shchelkanov M, Druzyaka A, Gadzhiev A, Uchida Y, Shestopalov A, Saito T. Characterization and Phylodynamics of Reassortant H12Nx Viruses in Northern Eurasia. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120643. [PMID: 31816947 PMCID: PMC6956379 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild waterfowl birds are known to be the main reservoir for a variety of avian influenza viruses of different subtypes. Some subtypes, such as H2Nx, H8Nx, H12Nx, and H14Nx, occur relatively rarely in nature. During 10-year long-term surveillance, we isolated five rare H12N5 and one H12N2 viruses in three different distinct geographic regions of Northern Eurasia and studied their characteristics. H12N2 from the Far East region was a double reassortant containing hemagglutinin (HA), non-structural (NS) and nucleoprotein (NP) segments of the American lineage and others from the classical Eurasian avian-like lineage. H12N5 viruses contain Eurasian lineage segments. We suggest a phylogeographical scheme for reassortment events associated with geographical groups of aquatic birds and their migration flyways. The H12N2 virus is of particular interest as this subtype has been found in common teal in the Russian Far East region, and it has a strong relation to North American avian influenza virus lineages, clearly showing that viral exchange of segments between the two continents does occur. Our results emphasize the importance of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) surveillance in Northern Eurasia for the annual screening of virus characteristics, including the genetic constellation of rare virus subtypes, to understand the evolutionary ecology of AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Sharshov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-960-794-2136; Fax: +7-383-333-6456
| | - Junki Mine
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; (J.M.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga Kurskaya
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Nikita Dubovitskiy
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Marsel Kabilov
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Tatiana Alikina
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Momoko Nakayama
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; (J.M.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Ryota Tsunekuni
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; (J.M.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Anastasiya Derko
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Prokopyeva
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Michael Shchelkanov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Laboratory of Virology, Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of marine microbiota, National Scientific Center o Marine Biology, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey Druzyaka
- Laboratory of behavioral ecology, Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alimurad Gadzhiev
- Department of Ecology, Dagestan State University, 367000 Makhachkala, Russia;
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; (J.M.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.); (O.K.); (N.D.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; (J.M.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
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Yeo SJ, Than DD, Park HS, Sung HW, Park H. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111046. [PMID: 31717636 PMCID: PMC6893532 DOI: 10.3390/v11111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel avian influenza virus (A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018) (H2N9) was isolated from wild birds in South Korea in 2018, and phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted on complete gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) virus belonged to the Eurasian countries, whereas other internal genes (polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), PB2, nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase acidic protein (PA), matrix protein (M), and non-structural protein (NS)) belonged to the East Asian countries. A monobasic amino acid (PQIEPR/GLF) at the HA cleavage site, E627 in the PB2 gene, and no deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene indicated that the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) isolate was a typical low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI). Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (98.34%) is to that of A/duck/Mongolia/482/2015 (H2N3), and amino acid sequence of NA was closely related to that of A/duck/Bangladesh/8987/2010 (H10N9) (96.45%). In contrast, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds of China or Japan in 2016–2018. The newly isolated A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) strain is the first reported avian influenza virus in Korea, and may have evolved from multiple genotypes in wild birds and ducks in Mongolia, China, and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ju Yeo
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (S.-J.Y.); (D.-D.T.)
| | - Duc-Duong Than
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (S.-J.Y.); (D.-D.T.)
| | - Hong-Seog Park
- GnCBio Inc, 4F, Yegan Plaza, 36, Banseok-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34069, Korea;
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (S.-J.Y.); (D.-D.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (H.P.)
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35
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Jin F, Dong X, Wan Z, Ren D, Liu M, Geng T, Zhang J, Gao W, Shao H, Qin A, Ye J. A Single Mutation N166D in Hemagglutinin Affects Antigenicity and Pathogenesis of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080709. [PMID: 31382442 PMCID: PMC6723300 DOI: 10.3390/v11080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some immune escape mutants of H9N2 virus and the corresponding mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) have been documented, but little is known about the impact of a single mutation on the antigenicity and pathogenesis of H9N2. In this study, seven critical sites in HA associated with the antigenicity were identified and the effects of a HA mutation (N166D) derived from a H9N2 escape mutant (m3F2) were investigated. Although N166D did not significantly affect viral replication in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and viral shedding in the larynx and cloaca of chicken, N166D attenuated the pathogenesis of the virus in mice. Compared to the rescued RgPR8-H9_166D, RgPR8-H9_166N caused greater body weight loss and higher viral titers in the lungs of the infected mice. Moreover, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for the sera from the chickens infected with wild type H9N2 and mutant m3F2 showed that N166D mutation could result in weak antibody response in chickens. Considering the field strains of H9N2 with N166D mutation are frequently isolated in the countries with H9N2 vaccination, the findings that the single mutation in HA, N166D, affected both the antigenicity and pathogenesis of H9N2 highlight the significance of surveillance on such mutation that may contribute to the failure of H9N2 vaccination in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd., Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Xiang B, Chen L, Song J, Xie P, Lin Q, Liao M, Xu C, Ren T. Genetic characterization of H7N4 avian influenza virus in China in 2018. J Infect 2019; 79:174-187. [PMID: 31029694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Han L, Chen C, Han X, Lin S, Ao X, Han X, Wang J, Ye H. Structural Insights for Anti-Influenza Vaccine Design. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:475-483. [PMID: 31007873 PMCID: PMC6458449 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus are a persistent and significant threat to human health, and current vaccines do not provide sufficient protection due to antigenic drift, which allows influenza viruses to easily escape immune surveillance and antiviral drug activity. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a glycoprotein needed for the entry of enveloped influenza viruses into host cells and is a potential target for anti-influenza humoral immune responses. In recent years, a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been isolated, and their relative structural information obtained from the crystallization of influenza antigens in complex with bnAbs has provided some new insights into future influenza vaccine research. Here, we review the current knowledge of the HA-targeted bnAbs and the structure-based mechanisms contributing to neutralization. We also discuss the potential for this structure-based approach to overcome the challenge of obtaining a highly desired "universal" influenza vaccine, especially on small proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Han
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Cong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiulan Ao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hanhui Ye
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Obadan AO, Santos J, Ferreri L, Thompson AJ, Carnaccini S, Geiger G, Gonzalez Reiche AS, Rajão DS, Paulson JC, Perez DR. Flexibility In Vitro of Amino Acid 226 in the Receptor-Binding Site of an H9 Subtype Influenza A Virus and Its Effect In Vivo on Virus Replication, Tropism, and Transmission. J Virol 2019; 93:e02011-18. [PMID: 30567980 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02011-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single amino acid change at position 226 in the hemagglutinin (HA) from glutamine (Q) to leucine (L) has been shown to play a key role in receptor specificity switching in various influenza virus HA subtypes, including H9. We tested the flexibility of amino acid usage and determined the effects of such changes. The results reveal that amino acids other than L226 and Q226 are well tolerated and that some amino acids allow for the recognition of both avian and human influenza virus receptors in the absence of other changes. Our results can inform better avian influenza virus surveillance efforts as well as contribute to rational vaccine design and improve structural molecular dynamics algorithms. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a significant public health threat, causing more than 300,000 hospitalizations in the United States during the 2015–2016 season alone. While only a few IAVs of avian origin have been associated with human infections, the ability of these viruses to cause zoonotic infections further increases the public health risk of influenza. Of these, H9N2 viruses in Asia are of particular importance as they have contributed internal gene segments to other emerging zoonotic IAVs. Notably, recent H9N2 viruses have acquired molecular markers that allow for a transition from avian-like to human-like terminal sialic acid (SA) receptor recognition via a single amino acid change at position 226 (H3 numbering), from glutamine (Q226) to leucine (L226), within the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding site (RBS). We sought to determine the plasticity of amino acid 226 and the biological effects of alternative amino acids on variant viruses. We created a library of viruses with the potential of having any of the 20 amino acids at position 226 on a prototypic H9 HA subtype IAV. We isolated H9 viruses that carried naturally occurring amino acids, variants found in other subtypes, and variants not found in any subtype at position 226. Fitness studies in quails revealed that some natural amino acids conferred an in vivo replication advantage. This study shows the flexibility of position 226 of the HA of H9 influenza viruses and the resulting effect of single amino acid changes on the phenotype of variants in vivo and in vitro. IMPORTANCE A single amino acid change at position 226 in the hemagglutinin (HA) from glutamine (Q) to leucine (L) has been shown to play a key role in receptor specificity switching in various influenza virus HA subtypes, including H9. We tested the flexibility of amino acid usage and determined the effects of such changes. The results reveal that amino acids other than L226 and Q226 are well tolerated and that some amino acids allow for the recognition of both avian and human influenza virus receptors in the absence of other changes. Our results can inform better avian influenza virus surveillance efforts as well as contribute to rational vaccine design and improve structural molecular dynamics algorithms.
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39
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Zhao Z, Liu L, Guo Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wen G, Zhang W, Shang Y, Zhang T, Jiao Z, Chen L, Zhang C, Cui H, Jin M, Wang C, Luo Q, Shao H. A Novel Reassortant Avian H7N6 Influenza Virus Is Transmissible in Guinea Pigs via Respiratory Droplets. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30723462 PMCID: PMC6349713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, H7N9 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused sporadic human infections and deaths and continued to circulate in the poultry industry. Since 2014, H7N6 viruses which might be reassortants of H7N9 and H5N6 viruses, have been isolated in China. However, the biological properties of H7N6 viruses are unknown. Here, we characterize the receptor binding preference, pathogenicity and transmissibility of a H7N6 virus A/chicken/Hubei/00095/2017(H7N6) (abbreviated HB95), and a closely related H7N9 virus, A/chicken/Hubei/00093/2017(H7N9) (abbreviated HB93), which were isolated from poultry in Hubei Province, China, in 2017. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of HB95 is closely related to those of HB93 and human-origin H7N9 viruses, and that the neuraminidase (NA) gene of HB95 shared the highest nucleotide similarity with those of H5N6 viruses. HB95 and HB93 had binding affinity for human-like α2, 6-linked sialic acid receptors and were virulent in mice without prior adaptation. In addition, in guinea pig model, HB93 was transmissible by direct contact, but HB95 was transmissible via respiratory droplets. These results revealed the potential threat to public health posed by H7N6 influenza viruses and emphasized the need for continued surveillance of the circulation of this subtype in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzheng Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuwu Jiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qingping Luo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huabin Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zou S, Zhang Y, Li X, Bo H, Wei H, Dong L, Yang L, Dong J, Liu J, Shu Y, Wang D. Molecular characterization and receptor binding specificity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on poultry-related environmental surveillance in China between 2013 and 2016. Virology 2019; 529:135-143. [PMID: 30703577 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have become panzootic and caused sporadic human cases since 1998. Based on the poultry-related environmental surveillance data in mainland China from 2013 to 2016, a total of 68 representative environment isolates were selected and further investigated systematically. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Y280-like H9N2 viruses have been predominant during 2013-2016 and acquired multiple specific amino acid substitutions that might favor viral transmission from avian to mammalians. Additionally, the viruses have undergone dramatic evolution and reassortment, resulting in an increased genetic diversity or acting as the gene contributors to new avian viruses. Receptor-binding tests indicated that most of the H9N2 isolates bound to human-type receptor, making them easily cross the species barrier and infect human efficiently. Our results suggested that the H9N2 AIVs prevalent in poultry may pose severe public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hejiang Wei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Kamiki H, Matsugo H, Kobayashi T, Ishida H, Takenaka-Uema A, Murakami S, Horimoto T. A PB1-K577E Mutation in H9N2 Influenza Virus Increases Polymerase Activity and Pathogenicity in Mice. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110653. [PMID: 30463209 PMCID: PMC6266086 DOI: 10.3390/v10110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses are present in poultry worldwide. These viruses are considered to have pandemic potential, because recent isolates can recognize human-type receptor and several sporadic human infections have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify mutations related to mammalian adaptation of H9N2 influenza virus. We found that mouse-adapted viruses had several mutations in hemagglutinin (HA), PB2, PA, and PB1. Among the detected mutations, PB1-K577E was a novel mutation that had not been previously reported to involve mammalian adaptation. A recombinant H9N2 virus bearing only the PB1-K577E mutation showed enhanced pathogenicity in mice, with increased virus titers in nasal turbinates compared to that in mice infected with the wild-type virus. In addition, the PB1-K577E mutation increased virus polymerase activity in human cell culture at a lower temperature. These data suggest that the PB1-K577E mutation is a novel pathogenicity determinant of H9N2 virus in mice and could be a signature for mammalian adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Kamiki
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Matsugo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Hiroho Ishida
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Akiko Takenaka-Uema
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Shin Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Horimoto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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42
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Peacock TP, Harvey WT, Sadeyen JR, Reeve R, Iqbal M. The molecular basis of antigenic variation among A(H9N2) avian influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:176. [PMID: 30401826 PMCID: PMC6220119 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses are an increasing threat to global poultry production and, through zoonotic infection, to human health where they are considered viruses with pandemic potential. Vaccination of poultry is a key element of disease control in endemic countries, but vaccine effectiveness is persistently challenged by the emergence of antigenic variants. Here we employed a combination of techniques to investigate the genetic basis of H9N2 antigenic variability and evaluate the role of different molecular mechanisms of immune escape. We systematically tested the influence of published H9N2 monoclonal antibody escape mutants on chicken antisera binding, determining that many have no significant effect. Substitutions introducing additional glycosylation sites were a notable exception, though these are relatively rare among circulating viruses. To identify substitutions responsible for antigenic variation in circulating viruses, we performed an integrated meta-analysis of all published H9 haemagglutinin sequences and antigenic data. We validated this statistical analysis experimentally and allocated several new residues to H9N2 antigenic sites, providing molecular markers that will help explain vaccine breakdown in the field and inform vaccine selection decisions. We find evidence for the importance of alternative mechanisms of immune escape, beyond simple modulation of epitope structure, with substitutions increasing glycosylation or receptor-binding avidity, exhibiting the largest impacts on chicken antisera binding. Of these, meta-analysis indicates avidity regulation to be more relevant to the evolution of circulating viruses, suggesting that a specific focus on avidity regulation is required to fully understand the molecular basis of immune escape by influenza, and potentially other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Peacock
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK, GU24 0NF.,Department of Virology, Imperial College, London, UK, W2 1NY
| | - William T Harvey
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, G12 8QQ
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK, GU24 0NF
| | - Richard Reeve
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, G12 8QQ.
| | - Munir Iqbal
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK, GU24 0NF
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Yasuhara A, Yamayoshi S, Ito M, Kiso M, Yamada S, Kawaoka Y. Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site and Rarely Yield Escape Mutant Viruses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2660. [PMID: 30443246 PMCID: PMC6222141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus rapidly mutates to escape from antibodies. Here, we isolated and characterized three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Generation of escape mutant viruses suggested that these antibodies recognized conserved residues of the receptor-binding site (RBS) of hemagglutinin (HA) and that mutant viruses that escaped from these mAbs rarely appeared. Moreover, the escape mutant viruses grew significantly slower than wild-type virus, indicating their reduced fitness. These results indicate that these three human mAbs against the RBS of HA have the potential to be anti-influenza agents with a low propensity for the development of resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Zuo Y, Wang P, Sun J, Guo S, Wang G, Zuo T, Fan S, Zhou P, Liang M, Shi X, Wang X, Zhang L. Complementary recognition of the receptor-binding site of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses by two human neutralizing antibodies. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16503-17. [PMID: 30154240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.004604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 is a major threat to global public health and therefore a high-priority target of current vaccine development. The receptor-binding site (RBS) on the globular head of hemagglutinin (HA) in the viral envelope is one of the major target sites for antibody recognition against H5N1 and other influenza viruses. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a pair of human RBS-specific antibodies, designated FLD21.140 and AVFluIgG03, that are mutually complementary in their neutralizing activities against a diverse panel of H5N1 viruses. Crystallographic analysis and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the two antibodies share a similar RBS-binding mode, and their individual specificities are governed by residues at positions 133a, 144, and 145. Specifically, FLD21.140 preferred Leu-133a/Lys-144/Ser-145, whereas AVFluIgG03 favored Ser-133a/Thr-144/Pro-145 residue triplets, both of which perfectly matched the most prevalent residues in viruses from epidemic-originating regions. Of note, according to an analysis of 3758 H5 HA sequences available in the Influenza Virus Database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the residues Leu-133a/Ser-133a and Ser-145/Pro-145 constituted more than 87.6 and 99.3% of all residues at these two positions, respectively. Taken together, our results provide a structural understanding for the neutralizing complementarity of these two antibodies and improve our understanding of the RBS-specific antibody response against H5N1 infection in humans.
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Wessels U, Abdelwhab EM, Veits J, Hoffmann D, Mamerow S, Stech O, Hellert J, Beer M, Mettenleiter TC, Stech J. A Dual Motif in the Hemagglutinin of H5N1 Goose/Guangdong-Like Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains Is Conserved from Their Early Evolution and Increases both Membrane Fusion pH and Virulence. J Virol 2018; 92:e00778-18. [PMID: 29899102 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00778-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have raised serious public health concerns of a novel pandemic. These strains emerge from low-pathogenic precursors by the acquisition of a polybasic hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site, the prime virulence determinant. However, required coadaptations of the HA early in HPAIV evolution remained uncertain. To address this question, we generated several HA1/HA2 chimeras and point mutants of an H5N1 clade 2.2.2 HPAIV and an H5N1 low-pathogenic strain. Initial surveys of 3,385 HPAIV H5 HA sequences revealed frequencies of 0.5% for the single amino acids 123R and 124I but a frequency of 97.5% for the dual combination. This highly conserved dual motif is still retained in contemporary H5 HPAIV, including the novel H5NX reassortants carrying neuraminidases of different subtypes, like the H5N8 and the zoonotic H5N6 strains. Remarkably, the earliest Asian H5N1 HPAIV, the Goose/Guangdong strains from 1996/1997, carried 123R only, whereas 124I appeared later in 1997. Experimental reversion in the HPAIV HA to the two residues 123S and124T, characteristic of low-pathogenic strains, prevented virus rescue, while the single substitutions attenuated the virus in both chicken and mice considerably, accompanied by a decreased HA fusion pH. This increased pH sensitivity of H5 HPAIV enables HA-mediated membrane fusion at a higher endosomal pH. Therefore, this HA adaptation may permit infection of cells with less-acidic endosomes, e.g., within the respiratory tract, resulting in an extended organ tropism. Taken together, HA coadaptation to increased acid sensitivity promoted the early evolution of H5 Goose/Guangdong-like HPAIV strains and is still required for their zoonotic potential.IMPORTANCE Zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have raised serious public health concerns of a novel pandemic. Their prime virulence determinant is the polybasic hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. However, required coadaptations in the HA (and other genes) remained uncertain. Here, we identified the dual motif 123R/124I in the HA head that increases the activation pH of HA-mediated membrane fusion, essential for virus genome release into the cytoplasm. This motif is extremely predominant in H5 HPAIV and emerged already in the earliest 1997 H5N1 HPAIV. Reversion to 123S or 124T, characteristic of low-pathogenic strains, attenuated the virus in chicken and mice, accompanied by a decreased HA activation pH. This increased pH sensitivity of H5 HPAIV extends the viral tropism to cells with less-acidic endosomes, e.g., within the respiratory tract. Therefore, early HA adaptation to increased acid sensitivity promoted the emergence of H5 Goose/Guangdong-like HPAIV strains and is required for their zoonotic potential.
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Kumar M, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Saikia B, Singh B, Mishra A, Tripathi SK, Agarwal S, Shukla S, Kulkarni DD, Singh VP, Tosh C. Emergence of novel reassortant H6N2 avian influenza viruses in ducks in India. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Das DK, Govindan R, Nikić-Spiegel I, Krammer F, Lemke EA, Munro JB. Direct Visualization of the Conformational Dynamics of Single Influenza Hemagglutinin Trimers. Cell 2018; 174:926-937.e12. [PMID: 29961575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the canonical type I viral envelope glycoprotein and provides a template for the membrane-fusion mechanisms of numerous viruses. The current model of HA-mediated membrane fusion describes a static "spring-loaded" fusion domain (HA2) at neutral pH. Acidic pH triggers a singular irreversible conformational rearrangement in HA2 that fuses viral and cellular membranes. Here, using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET)-imaging, we directly visualized pH-triggered conformational changes of HA trimers on the viral surface. Our analyses reveal reversible exchange between the pre-fusion and two intermediate conformations of HA2. Acidification of pH and receptor binding shifts the dynamic equilibrium of HA2 in favor of forward progression along the membrane-fusion reaction coordinate. Interaction with the target membrane promotes irreversible transition of HA2 to the post-fusion state. The reversibility of HA2 conformation may protect against transition to the post-fusion state prior to arrival at the target membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Kumar Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Ramesh Govindan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ivana Nikić-Spiegel
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James B Munro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Wu Y, Lin J, Yang S, Xie Y, Wang M, Chen X, Zhu Y, Luo L, Shi W. The molecular characteristics of avian influenza viruses (H9N2) derived from air samples in live poultry markets. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018; 60:191-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sun W, Li J, Hu J, Jiang D, Xing C, Zhan T, Liu X. Genetic analysis and biological characteristics of different internal gene origin H5N6 reassortment avian influenza virus in China in 2016. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:200-211. [PMID: 29778197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4 of H5N6 subtype Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) has become dominant clade in South-East Asia. So far, a total of 16 cases of human infection, including 6 deaths, have been confirmed since 2014. In this study, we systematically investigated the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of these viruses. We first carried out phylogenetic and statistical analysis of all H5N6 viruses that were downloaded from Influenza Research Database, GISAID and isolates from our lab. We found that H5N6 AIVs continued to reassort with other AIVs subtypes since 2014. Among these H5N6 reassortments, four main gene types were identified: A (internal genes of H5N1-origin), B (PB2 of H6-origin, and others of H5N1-origin), C (internal genes of H9-origin) and D (PB2 of H6-origin and PB1of H3-origin, and others of H5N1). In addition, after several years of evolution, gene type D is currently the dominant gene type. To systematically compare the genetic and evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity of these viruses, four H5N6 AIVs of different gene types were selected for further analysis. S4, XZ6, GD1602 and YZ587 virus represented gene type A, B, C and D, respectively. Their NA genes were all originated from H6 and their whole genome showed a high similarity with human isolates. All these isolates could both bind with SA-α2,3 Gal and SA-α2,6 Gal receptors. Pathogenicity test showed that these viruses were highly pathogenic in chickens, while YZ587 showed the lowest virulence. Moreover, XZ6 and S4 viruses were highly pathogenic in ducks and moderately pathogenic in mice, while GD1602 and YZ587 viruses were no-pathogenic in these animals. Interestingly, GD1602 and YZ587-like viruses were responsible for 4 and 2 human infection cases in 2016, respectively. Therefore, our study showed that the YZ587 virus which has mixed internal genes, showed lower virulence in avian species and mammals compared to other genotype viruses. Overall, our findings suggest that the H5N6 avian influenza virus is undergoing constantly evolving and reassortment. Thus, our study highlights the necessary of continued surveillance of the H5N6 AIVs in birds and paying close attention to the spread of these novel reassortment viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Sun
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daxiu Jiang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Xing
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tiansong Zhan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Song H, Qi J, Xiao H, Bi Y, Zhang W, Xu Y, Wang F, Shi Y, Gao GF. Avian-to-Human Receptor-Binding Adaptation by Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin H4. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1201-1214. [PMID: 28768203 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have caused a global concern to public health since the first novel LPAIV H7N9 outbreak occurred. The receptor-binding properties of the viral hemagglutinin are one key factor for efficient transmission and infection in humans. Recent evidence shows that H4 subtype viruses have been widely circulating in domestic poultry and human asymptomatic infections might have occurred. Here, we evaluated the receptor-binding properties of two representative isolates, avian H4N6 (containing Q226 and G228) and swine H4N6 (containing L226 and S228), and found that the avian isolate preferentially binds to avian receptors, whereas the swine isolate preferentially binds to human receptors. The Q226L and G228S substitutions are pivotal for the receptor-binding switch, which resulted in similar human receptor-binding features to the pandemic H2 and H3, implying that H4 has the potential to cause human infections. This early-warning study calls for future extensive surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
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