1
|
Singh J, James D, Das S, Patel MK, Sutar RR, Achary VMM, Goel N, Gupta KJ, Reddy MK, Jha G, Sonti RV, Foyer CH, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Co-overexpression of SWEET sucrose transporters modulates sucrose synthesis and defence responses to enhance immunity against bacterial blight in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2578-2596. [PMID: 38533652 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing carbohydrate export from source to sink tissues is considered to be a realistic approach for improving photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. The rice sucrose transporters OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 contribute to sucrose phloem loading and seed filling. Crucially, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice enhances the expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 genes, and causes leaf blight. Here we show that co-overexpression of OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice reduced sucrose synthesis and transport leading to lower growth and yield but reduced susceptibility to Xoo relative to controls. The immunity-related hypersensitive response (HR) was enhanced in the transformed lines as indicated by the increased expression of defence genes, higher salicylic acid content and presence of HR lesions on the leaves. The results suggest that the increased expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice is perceived as a pathogen (Xoo) attack that triggers HR and results in constitutive activation of plant defences that are related to the signalling pathways of pathogen starvation. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the trade-off between plant growth and immunity because decreased susceptibility against Xoo compromised plant growth and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Donald James
- Forest Biotechnology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | | | - Naveen Goel
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Malireddy K Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh V Sonti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanden NCH, Kanstrup C, Crocoll C, Schulz A, Nour-Eldin HH, Halkier BA, Xu D. An UMAMIT-GTR transporter cascade controls glucosinolate seed loading in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:172-179. [PMID: 38177662 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Many plant species translocate maternally synthesized specialized metabolites to the seed to protect the developing embryo and later the germinating seedling before it initiates its own de novo synthesis. While the transport route into the seed is well established for primary metabolites, no model exists for any class of specialized metabolites that move from maternal source tissue(s) to embryo. Glucosinolate seed loading in Arabidopsis depends on plasma membrane localized exporters (USUALLY MULTIPLE AMINO ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTERs, UMAMITs) and importers (GLUCOSINOLATE TRANSPORTERs, GTRs), but the critical barriers in the seed loading process remain unknown. Here we dissect the transport route of glucosinolates from their source in the reproductive organ to the embryo by re-introducing the transporters at specific apoplastic barriers in their respective mutant backgrounds. We find that UMAMIT exporters and GTR importers form a transporter cascade that is both essential and sufficient for moving glucosinolates across at least four plasma membrane barriers along the route. We propose a model in which UMAMITs export glucosinolates out of the biosynthetic cells to the apoplast, from where GTRs import them into the phloem stream, which moves them to the unloading zone in the chalazal seed coat. From here, the UMAMITs export them out of maternal tissue and ultimately, the GTRs import them into the embryo symplasm, where the seed-specific glucosinolate profile is established by enzymatic modifications. Moreover, we propose that methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates are the predominant mobile form in seed loading. Elucidation of the seed loading process of glucosinolates identifies barrier-specific targets for transport engineering strategies to eliminate or over-accumulate a specialized metabolite in seeds with minimal interruption of other cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Christian Holm Sanden
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christa Kanstrup
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schulz
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Archer L, Mondal HA, Behera S, Twayana M, Patel M, Louis J, Nalam VJ, Keereetaweep J, Chowdhury Z, Shah J. Interplay between MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 and OPDA signaling in limiting green peach aphid infestation on Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6860-6873. [PMID: 37696760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE1 (MPL1) encodes a lipase in Arabidopsis thaliana that is required for limiting infestation by the green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae), an important phloem sap-consuming insect pest. Previously, we demonstrated that MPL1 expression was up-regulated in response to GPA infestation, and GPA fecundity was higher on the mpl1 mutant, compared with the wild-type (WT), and lower on 35S:MPL1 plants that constitutively expressed MPL1 from the 35S promoter. Here, we show that the MPL1 promoter is active in the phloem and expression of the MPL1 coding sequence from the phloem-specific SUC2 promoter in mpl1 is sufficient to restore resistance to GPA. The GPA infestation-associated up-regulation of MPL1 requires CYCLOPHILIN 20-3 (CYP20-3), which encodes a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA)-binding protein that is involved in OPDA signaling, and is required for limiting GPA infestation. OPDA promotes MPL1 expression to limit GPA fecundity, a process that requires CYP20-3 function. These results along with our observation that constitutive expression of MPL1 from the 35S promoter restores resistance to GPA in the cyp20-3 mutant, and MPL1 acts in a feedback loop to limit OPDA levels in GPA-infested plants, suggest that an interplay between MPL1, OPDA, and CYP20-3 contributes to resistance to GPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lani Archer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Hossain A Mondal
- College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (CPGS-AS, under Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur), Meghalaya 793103, India
| | - Sumita Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Moon Twayana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Monika Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Vamsi J Nalam
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Zulkarnain Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun N, Liu Y, Xu T, Zhou X, Xu H, Zhang H, Zhan R, Wang L. Genome-wide analysis of sugar transporter genes in maize ( Zea mays L.): identification, characterization and their expression profiles during kernel development. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16423. [PMID: 38025667 PMCID: PMC10658905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar transporters (STs) play a crucial role in the development of maize kernels. However, very limited information about STs in maize is known. In this study, sixty-eight ZmST genes were identified from the maize genome and classified into eight major groups based on phylogenetic relationship. Gene structure analysis revealed that members within the same group shared similar exon numbers. Synteny analysis indicated that ZmSTs underwent 15 segmental duplication events under purifying selection. Three-dimensional structure of ZmSTs demonstrated the formation of a compact helix bundle composed of 8-13 trans-membrane domains. Various development-related cis-acting elements, enriched in promoter regions, were correlated with the transcriptional response of ZmSTs during kernel development. Transcriptional expression profiles exhibited expression diversity of various ZmST genes in roots, stems, leaves, tassels, cobs, embryos, endosperms and seeds tissues. During kernel development, the expression of 24 ZmST genes was significantly upregulated in the early stage of grain filling. This upregulation coincided with the sharply increased grain-filling rate observed in the early stage. Overall, our findings shed light on the characteristics of ZmST genes in maize and provide a foundation for further functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zhaoyuan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zhaoyuan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Heyang Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zhaoyuan, Shandong, China
| | - Renhui Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zhaoyuan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Barros Dantas LL, Eldridge BM, Dorling J, Dekeya R, Lynch DA, Dodd AN. Circadian regulation of metabolism across photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:650-668. [PMID: 37531328 PMCID: PMC10953457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Circadian regulation produces a biological measure of time within cells. The daily cycle in the availability of light for photosynthesis causes dramatic changes in biochemical processes in photosynthetic organisms, with the circadian clock having crucial roles in adaptation to these fluctuating conditions. Correct alignment between the circadian clock and environmental day-night cycles maximizes plant productivity through its regulation of metabolism. Therefore, the processes that integrate circadian regulation with metabolism are key to understanding how the circadian clock contributes to plant productivity. This forms an important part of exploiting knowledge of circadian regulation to enhance sustainable crop production. Here, we examine the roles of circadian regulation in metabolic processes in source and sink organ structures of Arabidopsis. We also evaluate possible roles for circadian regulation in root exudation processes that deposit carbon into the soil, and the nature of the rhythmic interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities. Finally, we examine shared and differing aspects of the circadian regulation of metabolism between Arabidopsis and other model photosynthetic organisms, and between circadian control of metabolism in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. This synthesis identifies a variety of future research topics, including a focus on metabolic processes that underlie biotic interactions within ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany M. Eldridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Jack Dorling
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Richard Dekeya
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Deirdre A. Lynch
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pasternak T, Kircher S, Palme K, Pérez-Pérez JM. Regulation of early seedling establishment and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by light and carbohydrates. PLANTA 2023; 258:76. [PMID: 37670114 PMCID: PMC10480265 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Root development is regulated by sucrose and light during early seedling establishment through changes in the auxin response and chromatin topology. Light is a key environmental signal that regulates plant growth and development. The impact of light on development is primarily analyzed in the above-ground tissues, but little is known about the mechanisms by which light shapes the architecture of underground roots. Our study shows that carbohydrate starvation during skotomorphogenesis is accompanied by compaction of nuclei in the root apical meristem, which prevents cell cycle progression and leads to irreversible root differentiation in the absence of external carbohydrates, as evidenced by the lack of DNA replication and increased numbers of nuclei with specific chromatin characteristics. In these conditions, induction of photomorphogenesis was unable to restore seedling growth, as overall root growth was compromised. The addition of carbohydrates, either locally or systemically by transferring seedlings to sugar-containing medium, led to the induction of adventitious root formation with rapid recovery of seedling growth. Conversely, transferring in vitro carbohydrate-grown seedlings from light to dark transiently promoted cell elongation and significantly reduced root meristem size, but did not primarily affect cell cycle kinetics. We show that, in the presence of sucrose, dark incubation does not affect zonation in the root apical meristem but leads to shortening of the proliferative and transition zones. Sugar starvation led to a rapid increase in lysine demethylation of histone H3 at position K9, which preceded a rapid decline in cell cycle activity and activation of cell differentiation. In conclusion, carbohydrates are required for cell cycle activity, epigenetics reprogramming and for postmitotic cell elongation and auxin-regulated response in the root apical meristem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taras Pasternak
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Faculty for Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Faculty for Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty for Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYSGmbH, Engesserstr. 4a, Freiburg, 79108 Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fox H, Ben-Dor S, Doron-Faigenboim A, Goldsmith M, Klein T, David-Schwartz R. Carbohydrate dynamics in Populus trees under drought: An expression atlas of genes related to sensing, translocation, and metabolism across organs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14001. [PMID: 37882295 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In trees, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as long-term carbon storage and long-distance carbon transport from source to sink. NSC management in response to drought stress is key to our understanding of drought acclimation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. By combining a transcriptomic approach with NSC quantification in the leaves, stems, and roots of Populus alba under drought stress, we analyzed genes from 29 gene families related to NSC signaling, translocation, and metabolism. We found starch depletion across organs and accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) in the leaves. Activation of the trehalose-6-phosphate/SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) signaling pathway across organs via the suppression of class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS) and the expression of class II TPS genes suggested an active response to drought. The expression of SnRK1α and β subunits, and SUCROSE SYNTHASE6 supported SS accumulation in leaves. The upregulation of active transporters and the downregulation of most passive transporters implied a shift toward active sugar transport and enhanced regulation over partitioning. SS accumulation in vacuoles supports osmoregulation in leaves. The increased expression of sucrose synthesis genes and reduced expression of sucrose degradation genes in the roots did not coincide with sucrose levels, implying local sucrose production for energy. Moreover, the downregulation of invertases in the roots suggests limited sucrose allocation from the aboveground organs. This study provides an expression atlas of NSC-related genes that respond to drought in poplar trees, and can be tested in tree improvement programs for adaptation to drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Fox
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mendieta JP, Sangra A, Yan H, Minow MAA, Schmitz RJ. Exploring plant cis-regulatory elements at single-cell resolution: overcoming biological and computational challenges to advance plant research. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1486-1499. [PMID: 37309871 PMCID: PMC10598807 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are important sequences for gene expression and for plant biological processes such as development, evolution, domestication, and stress response. However, studying CREs in plant genomes has been challenging. The totipotent nature of plant cells, coupled with the inability to maintain plant cell types in culture and the inherent technical challenges posed by the cell wall has limited our understanding of how plant cell types acquire and maintain their identities and respond to the environment via CRE usage. Advances in single-cell epigenomics have revolutionized the field of identifying cell-type-specific CREs. These new technologies have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of plant CRE biology, and shed light on how the regulatory genome gives rise to diverse plant phenomena. However, there are significant biological and computational challenges associated with analyzing single-cell epigenomic datasets. In this review, we discuss the historical and foundational underpinnings of plant single-cell research, challenges, and common pitfalls in the analysis of plant single-cell epigenomic data, and highlight biological challenges unique to plants. Additionally, we discuss how the application of single-cell epigenomic data in various contexts stands to transform our understanding of the importance of CREs in plant genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Sangra
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA
| | - Haidong Yan
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark A A Minow
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert J Schmitz
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamara N, Jiao Y, Huang W, Cao L, Zhu L, Zhao C, Huang X, Shivute FN, Liu X, Wu J, Shahid MQ. Comparative cytological and transcriptome analyses of ny2 mutant delayed degeneration of tapetal cells and promotes abnormal microspore development in neo-tetraploid rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1229870. [PMID: 37528969 PMCID: PMC10387629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1229870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the genetic defects related to pollen development and infertility in NY2, a novel tetraploid rice germplasm known as Neo-tetraploid rice. This rice variety was created through the crossbreeding and selective breeding of various autotetraploid rice lines and has previously shown high fertility. Our previous research has revealed that the NY2 gene, encoding a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E, regulates pollen fertility. However, the underlying mechanism behind this fertility is yet to be understood. To shed light on this matter, we performed a combined cytological and transcriptome analysis of the NY2 gene. Cytological analysis indicated that ny2 underwent abnormal tapetal cells, microspore, and middle layer development, which led to pollen abortion and ultimately to male sterility. Genetic analysis revealed that the F1 plants showed normal fertility and an obvious advantage for seed setting compared to ny2. Global gene expression analysis in ny2 revealed a total of 7545 genes were detected at the meiosis stage, and 3925 and 3620 displayed upregulation and downregulation, respectively. The genes were significantly enriched for the gene ontology (GO) term "carbohydrate metabolic process. Moreover, 9 genes related to tapetum or pollen fertility showed down-regulation, such as OsABCG26 (ATP Binding Cassette G26), TMS9-1 (Thermosensitive Male Sterility), EAT1 (Programmed cell death regulatory), KIN14M (Kinesin Motor), OsMT1a (Metallothionein), and OsSTRL2 (Atypical strictosidine synthase), which were validated by qRT-PCR. Further analyses of DEGs identified nine down-regulated transcription factor genes related to pollen development. NY2 is an important regulator of the development of tapetum and microspore. The regulatory gene network described in this study may offer important understandings into the molecular processes that underlie fertility control in tetraploid rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabieu Kamara
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Crop Improvement Programme, Rokupr Agricultural Research Center, Rokupr - Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Yamin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fimanekeni Ndaitavela Shivute
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Multi-disciplinary Research Services, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang X, Ma Z, Ke Y, Wang J, Wang L, Qin B, Tang C, Liu M, Xian X, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang Y. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal cellular and molecular patterns of rubber tree response to early powdery mildew infection. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2222-2237. [PMID: 36929646 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a perennial woody plant, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) must adapt to various environmental challenges through gene expression in multiple cell types. It is still unclear how genes in this species are expressed at the cellular level and the precise mechanisms by which cells respond transcriptionally to environmental stimuli, especially in the case of pathogen infection. Here, we characterized the transcriptomes in Hevea leaves during early powdery mildew infection using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified 10 cell types and constructed the first single-cell atlas of Hevea leaves. Distinct gene expression patterns of the cell clusters were observed under powdery mildew infection, which was especially significant in the epidermal cells. Most of the genes involved in host-pathogen interactions in epidermal cells exhibited a pattern of dramatically increased expression with increasing pseudotime. Interestingly, we found that the HbCNL2 gene, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein, positively modulated the defence of rubber leaves against powdery mildew. Overexpression of the HbCNL2 gene triggered a typical cell death phenotype in tobacco leaves and a higher level of reactive oxygen species in the protoplasts of Hevea leaves. The HbCNL2 protein was located in the cytomembrane and nucleus, and its leucine-rich repeat domain interacted with the histidine kinase-like ATPase domain of the molecular chaperone HbHSP90 in the nucleus. Collectively, our results provide the first observation of the cellular and molecular responses of Hevea leaves to biotrophic pathogen infection and can guide the identification of disease-resistance genes in this important tree species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhan Ma
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuhang Ke
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bi Qin
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuemei Xian
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Duijts K, Pasini C, van Santen JE, Lamers J, de Zeeuw T, Verstappen F, Wang N, Zeeman SC, Santelia D, Zhang Y, Testerink C. Effective root responses to salinity stress include maintained cell expansion and carbon allocation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1942-1956. [PMID: 36908088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great examples of plants that thrive even under severe salinity, but their salt tolerance mechanisms, especially those mediated by root responses, are still largely unknown. We compared root growth responses of the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula with its glycophytic relative species Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress and performed transcriptomic analysis of S. parvula roots to identify possible gene regulatory networks underlying their physiological responses. Schrenkiella parvula roots do not avoid salt and experience less growth inhibition under salt stress. Salt-induced abscisic acid levels were higher in S. parvula roots compared with Arabidopsis. Root transcriptomic analysis of S. parvula revealed the induction of sugar transporters and genes regulating cell expansion and suberization under salt stress. 14 C-labeled carbon partitioning analyses showed that S. parvula continued allocating carbon to roots from shoots under salt stress while carbon barely allocated to Arabidopsis roots. Further physiological investigation revealed that S. parvula roots maintained root cell expansion and enhanced suberization under severe salt stress. In summary, roots of S. parvula deploy multiple physiological and developmental adjustments under salt stress to maintain growth, providing new avenues to improve salt tolerance of plants using root-specific strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kilian Duijts
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Pasini
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joyce E van Santen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Lamers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bavnhøj L, Driller JH, Zuzic L, Stange AD, Schiøtt B, Pedersen BP. Structure and sucrose binding mechanism of the plant SUC1 sucrose transporter. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:938-950. [PMID: 37188854 PMCID: PMC10281868 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose import from photosynthetic tissues into the phloem is mediated by transporters from the low-affinity sucrose transporter family (SUC/SUT family). Furthermore, sucrose redistribution to other tissues is driven by phloem sap movement, the product of high turgor pressure created by this import activity. Additionally, sink organs such as fruits, cereals and seeds that accumulate high concentrations of sugar also depend on this active transport of sucrose. Here we present the structure of the sucrose-proton symporter, Arabidopsis thaliana SUC1, in an outward open conformation at 2.7 Å resolution, together with molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical characterization. We identify the key acidic residue required for proton-driven sucrose uptake and describe how protonation and sucrose binding are strongly coupled. Sucrose binding is a two-step process, with initial recognition mediated by the glucosyl moiety binding directly to the key acidic residue in a stringent pH-dependent manner. Our results explain how low-affinity sucrose transport is achieved in plants, and pinpoint a range of SUC binders that help define selectivity. Our data demonstrate a new mode for proton-driven symport with links to cation-driven symport and provide a broad model for general low-affinity transport in highly enriched substrate environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laust Bavnhøj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Heiner Driller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lorena Zuzic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Yang Q, Han J, He Z, Yang M, Wang X, Lin X. Effect of nicosulfuron on dynamic changes in the starch-sugar interconversion in sweet maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59606-59620. [PMID: 37010681 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Starch is an important reserve of sugar, and starch-sugar conversion in plants plays an important role in the response of plants to various abiotic stresses. Nicosulfuron is a post-emergence herbicide commonly applied to maize fields. However, it is unclear how sucrose and starch in sweet corn are converted to accommodate nicosulfuron stress. Field and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of nicosulfuron on the sugar metabolism enzymes, starch metabolism enzymes, non-enzyme substances, and expression of key enzyme genes in leaves and roots of sweet maize seedlings. Accordingly, this research compared the responses of the sister lines HK301 and HK320, which are nicosulfuron tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Under nicosulfuron stress, compared with HK301 seedlings, the accumulation of stem and root dry matter of HK320 seedlings was significantly reduced, resulting in a lower root-to-shoot ratio. Compared with HK320 seedlings, nicosulfuron stress significantly increased the sucrose, soluble sugar, and starch contents in HK301 leaves and roots. This may be related to the enhanced carbohydrate metabolism under nicosulfuron stress, including significant changes in sugar metabolism enzyme activity and the levels of SPS and SuSys expression. Further, under nicosulfuron stress, sucrose transporter genes (SUC 1, SUC 2, SWEET 13a, and SWEET 13b) in the leaves and roots of HK301 seedlings were significantly upregulated. Our results emphasize that changes in sugar distribution, metabolism, and transport can improve the adaptability of sweet maize to nicosulfuron stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinling Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zidian He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaohu Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China.
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang H, Li Y, Qiao Y, Sun H, Liu W, Qiao W, Li W, Liu M, Dong B. Low light stress promotes new tiller regeneration by changing source-sink relationship and activating expression of expansin genes in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1562-1581. [PMID: 36695201 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low light stress seriously decreased wheat grain number through the formation of aborted spike during the reproductive period and induced new tiller regeneration to offset the loss of grain number. However, the mechanism by which plants coordinate spike aborted growth and the regeneration of new tillers remains unknown. To better understand this coordinated process, morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were performed under low light stress at the young microspore stage. Our findings indicated that leaves exhausted most stored carbohydrates in 1 day of darkness. However, spike and uppermost internode (UI) were converted from sink to source, due to increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased cytokinin content. During this process, genes encoding amylases, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) and sucrose transporters or sucrose carriers (SUT/SUC) were upregulated in spike and UI, which degraded starch into soluble sugars and loaded them into the phloem. Subsequently, soluble sugars were transported to tiller node (TN) where cytokinin and auxin content increased and ABA content decreased, followed by unloading into TN cells by upregulated cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes and highly expressed H+ /hexose symporter genes. Finally, expansin genes integrated the sugar pathway and hormone pathway, and regulate the formation of new tillers directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baodi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prasad D, Jung WJ, Seo YW. Identification and molecular characterization of novel sucrose transporters in the hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene 2023; 860:147245. [PMID: 36736505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major cereal crop grown and consumed globally. Recent advances in sequencing technology have facilitated the exploration of large and repetitive genomes. Plant sucrose transporter (SUT) genes are vital components of energy transport systems that play prominent roles in various plant functions, such as signaling and stress regulation. In this study, we identified and analyzed five novel sucrose transporter genes in wheat. The wheat sucrose transporter genes were divided into five clades based on their phylogenetic relationships. Synteny analysis revealed that synteny in the genome is highly conserved between wheat and rye, barley, and Brachypodium. Furthermore, the cis-element analysis indicated that sucrose transporter genes might be regulated by light and some phytohormone-related transcriptional factors. Overall, plant tissue-specific gene expression revealed enhanced expression of the transporter genes in the root and stem, whereas they were differentially expressed under abiotic stress treatments (cold, heat, NaCl, PEG-6000, and sucrose). These results indicate that each TaSUT gene may play a crucial role in stabilizing plants under stress by actively regulating the energy demands of cells. The findings of this study may provide a basis for further research on sucrose transporters and their significant roles in plant energy metabolism as well as in abiotic stress response, signaling, and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Depika Prasad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Woo Joo Jung
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vrábl D, Nezval J, Pech R, Volná A, Mašková P, Pleva J, Kuzniciusová N, Provazová M, Štroch M, Špunda V. Light Drives and Temperature Modulates: Variation of Phenolic Compounds Profile in Relation to Photosynthesis in Spring Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032427. [PMID: 36768753 PMCID: PMC9916737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and metabolic profile of phenolic compounds (PheCs; serving as UV-screening pigments and antioxidants) as well as carbon fixation rate (An) and plant growth are sensitive to irradiance and temperature. Since these factors are naturally co-acting in the environment, it is worthy to study the combined effects of these environmental factors to assess their possible physiological consequences. We investigated how low and high irradiance in combination with different temperatures modify the metabolic profile of PheCs and expression of genes involved in the antioxidative enzyme and PheCs biosynthesis, in relation to photosynthetic activity and availability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in spring barley seedlings. High irradiance positively affected An, NSC, PheCs content, and antioxidant activity (AOX). High temperature led to decreased An, NSC, and increased dark respiration, whilst low temperature was accompanied by reduction of UV-A shielding but increase of PheCs content and AOX. Besides that, irradiance and temperature caused changes in the metabolic profile of PheCs, particularly alteration in homoorientin/isovitexin derivatives ratio, possibly related to demands on AOX-based protection. Moreover, we also observed changes in the ratio of sinapoyl-/feruloyl- acylated flavonoids, the function of which is not yet known. The data also strongly suggested that the NSC content may support the PheCs production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vrábl
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (V.Š.)
| | - Radomír Pech
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Volná
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mašková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pleva
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Kuzniciusová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Provazová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (V.Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng B, Gu X, Chen S, Zhang M, Hao S, Wei L, Cao Y, Hu S. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of Dendrocalamus farinosus SUT gene family reveal DfSUT4 involvement in sucrose transportation in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1118398. [PMID: 36743582 PMCID: PMC9895956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1118398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is the main transported form of photosynthetic products. Sucrose transporter (SUT) participates in the translocation of sucrose from source to sink, which is important for the growth and development of plants. Dendrocalamus farinosus is an important economic crop in southwestern China because of its high growth rate, high fiber content, and dual usage for food and timber, but the mechanism of sucrose transportation in D. farinosus is unclear. In this study, a total of 12 SUT transporter genes were determined in D. farinosus by whole-genome identification. DfSUT2, DfSUT7, and DfSUT11 were homologs of rice OsSUT2, while DfSUT4 was a homolog of OsSUT4, and these four DfSUT genes were expressed in the leaf, internode, node, and bamboo shoots of D. farinosus. In addition, DfSUT family genes were involved in photosynthetic product distribution, ABA/MeJA responses, and drought resistance, especially DfSUT4. The function of DfSUT4 was then verified in Nicotiana tabacum. DfSUT4 was localized mainly in the leaf mesophyll and stem phloem of pDfSUT4::GUS transgenic plant. The overexpression of DfSUT4 gene in transgenic plant showed increases of photosynthetic rate, above-ground biomass, thousand grain weight, and cellulose content. Our findings altogether indicate that DfSUT4 can be a candidate gene that can be involved in phloem sucrose transportation from the source leaves to the sink organs, phytohormone responses, abiotic stress, and fiber formation in plants, which is very important in the genetic improvement of D. farinosus and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Suwei Hao
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixian Wei
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanglian Hu
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang C, Chen Y, Cui C, Shan F, Zhang R, Lyu X, Lyu L, Chang H, Yan C, Ma C. Blue Light Regulates Cell Wall Structure and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Soybean Hypocotyl. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1017. [PMID: 36674538 PMCID: PMC9864885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean stem elongation and thickening are related to cell wall composition. Plant morphogenesis can be influenced by blue light, which can regulate cell wall structure and composition, and affect stem growth and development. Here, using proteomics and metabolomics, differentially expressed proteins and metabolites of hypocotyls grown in the dark and under blue light were studied to clarify the effects of blue light on the cell wall structure and carbohydrate metabolism pathway of soybean hypocotyls. Results showed that 1120 differential proteins were upregulated and 797 differential proteins were downregulated under blue light treatment, while 63 differential metabolites were upregulated and 36 differential metabolites were downregulated. Blue light promoted the establishment of cell wall structure and composition by regulating the expression of both the enzymes and metabolites related to cell wall structural composition and nonstructural carbohydrates. Thus, under blue light, the cross-sectional area of the hypocotyl and xylem were larger, the longitudinal length of pith cells was smaller, elongation of the soybean hypocotyl was inhibited, and diameter was increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang K, Zhao C, Xiang S, Duan K, Chen X, Guo X, Sahu SK. An optimized FACS-free single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) method for plant science research. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111535. [PMID: 36400127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unprecedented power for accurately understanding gene expression regulatory mechanisms. However, scRNA-seq studies have limitations in plants, due to difficulty in protoplast isolation that requires enzymatic digestion of the cell walls from various plant tissues. Therefore, to overcome this problem, we developed a nuclei isolation approach that does not rely on Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). We validated the robustness of the FACS-free single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) methodology in mature Arabidopsis plant tissue by comparing it to scRNA-seq results based on protoplasts extracted from the same batch of leaf materials. Sequencing results demonstrated the high quality of snRNA-seq data, as well as its utility in cell type classification and marker gene identification. This approach also showed several advantages, including the ability to use frozen samples, taking less suspension preparation time, and reducing biased cellular coverage and dissociation-induced transcriptional artifacts. Surprisingly, snRNA-seq detected two epidermal pavement cell clusters, while scRNA-seq only had one. Furthermore, we hypothesized that these two epidermal cells represent the top and lower epidermis based on differences in expression patterns of cluster-specific expressed genes. In summary, this study has advanced the application of snRNA-seq in Arabidopsis leaves and confirmed the advantages of snRNA-seq in plant research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Sunhuan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh J, Das S, Jagadis Gupta K, Ranjan A, Foyer CH, Thakur JK. Physiological implications of SWEETs in plants and their potential applications in improving source-sink relationships for enhanced yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [PMID: 36529911 PMCID: PMC10363763 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family of transporters in plants is identified as a novel class of sugar carriers capable of transporting sugars, sugar alcohols and hormones. Functioning in intercellular sugar transport, SWEETs influence a wide range of physiologically important processes. SWEETs regulate the development of sink organs by providing nutritional support from source leaves, responses to abiotic stresses by maintaining intracellular sugar concentrations, and host-pathogen interactions through the modulation of apoplastic sugar levels. Many bacterial and fungal pathogens activate the expression of SWEET genes in species such as rice and Arabidopsis to gain access to the nutrients that support virulence. The genetic manipulation of SWEETs has led to the generation of bacterial blight (BB)-resistant rice varieties. Similarly, while the overexpression of the SWEETs involved in sucrose export from leaves and pathogenesis led to growth retardation and yield penalties, plants overexpressing SWEETs show improved disease resistance. Such findings demonstrate the complex functions of SWEETs in growth and stress tolerance. Here, we review the importance of SWEETs in plant-pathogen and source-sink interactions and abiotic stress resistance. We highlight the possible applications of SWEETs in crop improvement programmes aimed at improving sink and source strengths important for enhancing the sustainability of yield. We discuss how the adverse effects of the overexpression of SWEETs on plant growth may be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao Y, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Song H, Yang Q, Yang P, Gao X, Gao J, Feng B. Conuping BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq Reveal the Molecular Pathway and Genes Associated with the Plant Height of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911824. [PMID: 36233125 PMCID: PMC9569614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) plays an important role in C4 crop research and agricultural development in arid areas due to its short growth period, drought tolerance, and barren tolerance. Exploration of the dwarfing mechanism and the dwarf genes of foxtail millet can provide a reference for dwarf breeding and dwarf research of other C4 crops. In this study, genetic analysis was performed using phenotypic data, candidate genes were screened by bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq); differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways in different strains of high samples were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The association analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq further narrowed the candidate range. As a result, a total of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and nine candidate genes related to plant height were obtained on chromosomes I and IX. Based on the functional prediction of the candidate genes, we propose a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of millet dwarfing, in which, metabolism and MAPK signaling play important roles in the formation of foxtail millet plant height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Dexing Township Agro-Pastoral Comprehensive Service Center, Nyingchi 860700, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Song
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tong C, Li C, Cao XY, Sun XD, Bao QX, Mu XR, Liu CY, Loake GJ, Chen HH, Meng LS. Long-distance transport of sucrose in source leaves promotes sink root growth by the EIN3-SUC2 module. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010424. [PMID: 36129930 PMCID: PMC9529141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In most plants, sucrose, a major storage sugar, is transported into sink organs to support their growth. This key physiological process is dependent on the function of sucrose transporters. Sucrose export from source tissues is predominantly controlled through the activity of SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 2 (SUC2), required for the loading of sucrose into the phloem of Arabidopsis plants. However, how SUC2 activity is controlled to support root growth remains unclear. Glucose is perceived via the function of HEXOKINASE 1 (HXK1), the only known nuclear glucose sensor. HXK1 negatively regulates the stability of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), a key ethylene/glucose interaction component. Here we show that HXK1 functions upstream of EIN3 in the regulation of root sink growth mediated by glucose signaling. Furthermore, the transcription factor EIN3 directly inhibits SUC2 activity by binding to the SUC2 promoter, regulating glucose signaling linked to root sink growth. We demonstrate that these molecular components form a HXK1-EIN3-SUC2 module integral to the control of root sink growth. Also, we demonstrate that with increasing age, the HXK1-EIN3-SUC2 module promotes sucrose phloem loading in source tissues thereby elevating sucrose levels in sink roots. As a result, glucose signaling mediated-sink root growth is facilitated. Our findings thus establish a direct molecular link between the HXK1-EIN3-SUC2 module, the source-to sink transport of sucrose and root growth. In Arabidopsis and most crops, sucrose transporters are positioned in the vascular bundles of leaf blades where they have crucial roles in balancing source and sink activities. However, little molecular detail is currently available regarding the modulation of sucrose transporter activity. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator, EIN3, functions downstream of HEXOKINASE 1 (HXK1), which acts upstream of SUC2 in the regulation of root sink growth mediated by glucose signaling. Further, EIN3 directly represses SUC2 function by negatively regulating SUC2 transcription. We further demonstrate that these components form the HXK1-EIN3-SUC2 module to facilitate sucrose phloem loading in source tissues thereby elevating sucrose content in sink roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tong
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Public Technical Service Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Cao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-Xin Bao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rong Mu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yue Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gary J. Loake
- Jiangsu Normal University - Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China, China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GJL); (HHC); (LSM)
| | - Hu-hui Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GJL); (HHC); (LSM)
| | - Lai-Sheng Meng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GJL); (HHC); (LSM)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei X, Huang Y, Nguyen STT, Collings DA, McCurdy DW. Asymmetric wall ingrowth deposition in Arabidopsis phloem parenchyma transfer cells is tightly associated with sieve elements. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5414-5427. [PMID: 35609084 PMCID: PMC9467654 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, polarized deposition of wall ingrowths in phloem parenchyma (PP) transfer cells (TCs) occurs adjacent to cells of the sieve element/companion cell (SE/CC) complex. However, the spatial relationships between these different cell types in minor veins, where phloem loading occurs, are poorly understood. PP TC development and wall ingrowth localization were compared with those of other phloem cells in leaves of Col-0 and the transgenic lines AtSUC2::AtSTP9-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and AtSWEET11::AtSWEET11-GFP that identify CCs and PP cells, respectively. The development of PP TCs in minor veins, indicated by deposition of wall ingrowths, proceeded basipetally in leaves. However, not all PP cells develop wall ingrowths, and higher levels of deposition occur in abaxial- compared with adaxial-positioned PP TCs. Furthermore, the deposition of wall ingrowths was exclusively initiated on and preferentially covered the PP TC/SE interface, rather than the PP TC/CC interface, and only occurred in PP cells that were adjacent to SEs. Collectively, these results demonstrate a tight association between SEs and wall ingrowth deposition in PP TCs and suggest the existence of two subtypes of PP cells in leaf minor veins. Compared with PP cells, PP TCs showed more abundant accumulation of AtSWEET11-GFP, indicating functional differences in phloem loading between PP and PP TCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wei
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callahan NSW 2308, Australia
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
| | - Suong T T Nguyen
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callahan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - David A Collings
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callahan NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Z, Fan H, Ma Z. Comparison of SWEET gene family between maize and foxtail millet through genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20226. [PMID: 35713030 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] does not show high yield and biomass compared with maize (Zea mays L.) although it is a C4 crop with the potential for high productivity. Because SWEET genes, which are important for sugar transport in plants, play critical roles in biomass production and seed filling in crops, genome-wide, transcriptomic, and proteomic comparison on SWEET gene family between these two species would provide some clues for unlocking this issue. In our study, 24 SWEET genes were identified in foxtail millet and maize. Sequence-based bioinformatics combined with gene expression analyses identified several candidate functional orthologs in these two species. A comparative analysis on expression characteristics of SWEET genes and proteins between maize and foxtail millet indicate that not only some critical major SWEET proteins show significant upregulation in maize compared with their orthologs in foxtail millet, but also there are more quantities of maize SWEET genes showing high expressions than that of foxtail millet genes, suggesting that compared with foxtail millet, maize possesses higher capacity of sugar transport, the crucial determinant for crop yield and biomass. These results provide a basis on revealing why foxtail millet exhibits low yield and biomass although it is a C4 crop with the potential for high productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu X, Zeng W, Li Z, Wang Z, Luo Z, Li J, Li X, Yang J. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of sugar transporter genes in tobacco. Gene 2022; 835:146652. [PMID: 35714802 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are both nutrients and important signal molecules in higher plants. Sugar transporters (STs) are involved in sugar loading and unloading and facilitate sugar transport across membranes. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a model plant and one of the most significant plants economically. In our research, 92 N. tabacum ST (NtST) genes were identified and classified into eight distinct subfamilies in the tobacco genome based on phylogenetic analysis. Exon-intron analysis revealed that each subfamily manifested closely associated gene architectural features based on a comparable number or length of exons. Tandem repetition and purifying selection were the main factors of NtST gene evolution. A search for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter sequences of the NtST gene families suggested that they are probably regulated by light, plant hormones, and abiotic stress factors. We performed a comprehensive expression study in different tissues, viarious abiotic and phytohormone stresses. The results revealed different expression patterns and the functional diversification of NtST genes. The resulting data showed that NtSFP1 was highly expressed all measured five tobacco tissues, and also regulated by the MeJA, and temperature stress. In addition, the virus-induced NibenSFP1 silencing in tobacco and detected dramatically enhanced glucose content, indicating the NtSFP1 might regulate the glucose content and involved in MeJA signaling way to response the temperature stress. In general, our findings provide useful information on understanding the roles of STs in phytohormone signaling way and abiotic stresses in N. tabacum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wanli Zeng
- Technology Center of Yunnan China Tobacco Industry Company, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Technology Center of Yunnan China Tobacco Industry Company, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Technology Center of Yunnan China Tobacco Industry Company, Kunming 650000, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Okamoto S, Kawasaki A, Makino Y, Ishida T, Sawa S. Long-distance translocation of CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2 peptide and its positive effect on roots sucrose status. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2357-2367. [PMID: 35567530 PMCID: PMC9342984 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, roots anchor themselves into the soil and take up water and nutrients to provide them to the shoots. Therefore, continuous growth and development of the roots are important for plant life. To achieve this, photosynthesizing leaves must be able to supply sufficient photoassimilates to the roots. However, the mechanisms by which plants maintain carbon levels in roots remain elusive. Here, we focused on the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2 (CLE2) peptide, which was detected in Arabidopsis xylem exudate, and its homologs. CLE2 and CLE3 genes responded to carbon-deficient conditions. Loss- and gain-of-function mutant analyses showed that CLE genes positively affected root sucrose level. Mutations in the CLE genes resulted in a high shoot/root ratio under sucrose-free conditions. Grafting experiments demonstrated the systemic effect of CLE peptide genes. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis for the relationship between roots and leaves in maintenance of the root sucrose levels and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azusa Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yumiko Makino
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Source-To-Sink Transport of Sugar and Its Role in Male Reproductive Development. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081323. [PMID: 35893060 PMCID: PMC9329892 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is produced in leaf mesophyll cells via photosynthesis and exported to non-photosynthetic sink tissues through the phloem. The molecular basis of source-to-sink long-distance transport in cereal crop plants is of importance due to its direct influence on grain yield-pollen grains, essential for male fertility, are filled with sugary starch, and rely on long-distance sugar transport from source leaves. Here, we overview sugar partitioning via phloem transport in rice, especially where relevant for male reproductive development. Phloem loading and unloading in source leaves and sink tissues uses a combination of the symplastic, apoplastic, and/or polymer trapping pathways. The symplastic and polymer trapping pathways are passive processes, correlated with source activity and sugar gradients. In contrast, apoplastic phloem loading/unloading involves active processes and several proteins, including SUcrose Transporters (SUTs), Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs), Invertases (INVs), and MonoSaccharide Transporters (MSTs). Numerous transcription factors combine to create a complex network, such as DNA binding with One Finger 11 (DOF11), Carbon Starved Anther (CSA), and CSA2, which regulates sugar metabolism in normal male reproductive development and in response to changes in environmental signals, such as photoperiod.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu S, Long J, Zhang L, Gao J, Dong T, Wang Y, Peng C. Arabidopsis sucrose transporter 4 (AtSUC4) is involved in high sucrose-mediated inhibition of root elongation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianmei Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Braun DM. Phloem Loading and Unloading of Sucrose: What a Long, Strange Trip from Source to Sink. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:553-584. [PMID: 35171647 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070721-083240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is transported from sources (mature leaves) to sinks (importing tissues such as roots, stems, fruits, and seeds) through the phloem tissues in veins. In many herbaceous crop species, sucrose must first be effluxed to the cell wall by a sugar transporter of the SWEET family prior to being taken up into phloem companion cells or sieve elements by a different sugar transporter, called SUT or SUC. The import of sucrose into these cells is termed apoplasmic phloem loading. In sinks, sucrose can similarly exit the phloem apoplasmically or, alternatively, symplasmically through plasmodesmata into connecting parenchyma storage cells. Recent advances describing the regulation and manipulation of sugar transporter expression and activities provide stimulating new insights into sucrose phloem loading in sources and unloading processes in sink tissues. Additionally, new breakthroughs have revealed distinct subpopulations of cells in leaves with different functions pertaining to phloem loading. These and other discoveries in sucrose transport are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Braun
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu YC, Tan YR, Chang CW, Nguyen VC, Kanehara K, Kobayashi K, Nakamura Y. Functional divergence of a pair of Arabidopsis phospho-base methyltransferases, PMT1 and PMT3, conferred by distinct N-terminal sequences. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1198-1212. [PMID: 35306708 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In seed plants, phospho-base N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis pathway of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant phospholipid class. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses three copies of PMT, with PMT1 and PMT3 play a primary role because the pmt1 pmt3 double mutant shows considerably reduced PC content with a pale seedling phenotype. Although the function of PMT1 and PMT3 may be redundant because neither of the parental single mutants showed a similar mutant phenotype, major developmental defects and possible functional divergence of these PMTs underlying the pale pmt1 pmt3 seedling phenotype are unknown. Here, we show the major developmental defect of the pale seedlings in xylem of the hypocotyl with partial impairments in chloroplast development and photosynthetic activity in leaves. Although PMT1 and PMT3 are localized at the endoplasmic reticulum, their tissue-specific expression pattern was distinct in hypocotyls and roots. Intriguingly, the function of PMT3 but not PMT1 requires its characteristic N-terminal sequence in addition to the promoter because truncation of the N-terminal sequence of PMT3 or substitution with PMT1 driven by the PMT3 promoter failed to rescue the pale pmt1 pmt3 seedling phenotype. Thus, PMT3 function requires the N-terminal sequence in addition to its promoter, whereas the PMT1 function is defined by the promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Rong Tan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Van C Nguyen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mu XR, Tong C, Fang XT, Bao QX, Xue LN, Meng WY, Liu CY, Loake GJ, Cao XY, Jiang JH, Meng LS. Feedback loop promotes sucrose accumulation in cotyledons to facilitate sugar-ethylene signaling-mediated, etiolated-seedling greening. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110529. [PMID: 35294871 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
De-etiolation is indispensable for seedling survival and development. However, how sugars regulate de-etiolation and how sugars induce ethylene (ET) for seedlings to grow out of soil remain elusive. Here, we reveal how a sucrose (Suc) feedback loop promotes de-etiolation by inducing ET biosynthesis. Under darkness, Suc in germinating seeds preferentially induces 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS7; encoding a key ET biosynthesis enzyme) and associated ET biosynthesis, thereby activating ET core component ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3). Activated EIN3 directly inhibits the function of Suc transporter 2 (SUC2; a major Suc transporter) to block Suc export from cotyledons and thereby elevate Suc accumulation of cotyledons to induce ET. Under light, ET-activated EIN3 directly inhibits the function of phytochrome A (phyA; a de-etiolation inhibitor) to promote de-etiolation. We therefore propose that under darkness, the Suc feedback loop (Suc-ACS7-EIN3-|SUC2-Suc) promotes Suc accumulation in cotyledons to guarantee ET biosynthesis, facilitate de-etiolation, and enable seedlings to grow out of soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rong Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Tang Fang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Xin Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ying Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Jiangsu Normal University, Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China; Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Xiao-Ying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Hong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lai-Sheng Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miras M, Pottier M, Schladt TM, Ejike JO, Redzich L, Frommer WB, Kim JY. Plasmodesmata and their role in assimilate translocation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 270:153633. [PMID: 35151953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During multicellularization, plants evolved unique cell-cell connections, the plasmodesmata (PD). PD of angiosperms are complex cellular domains, embedded in the cell wall and consisting of multiple membranes and a large number of proteins. From the beginning, it had been assumed that PD provide passage for a wide range of molecules, from ions to metabolites and hormones, to RNAs and even proteins. In the context of assimilate allocation, it has been hypothesized that sucrose produced in mesophyll cells is transported via PD from cell to cell down a concentration gradient towards the phloem. Entry into the sieve element companion cell complex (SECCC) is then mediated on three potential routes, depending on the species and conditions, - either via diffusion across PD, after conversion to raffinose via PD using a polymer trap mechanism, or via a set of transporters which secrete sucrose from one cell and secondary active uptake into the SECCC. Multiple loading mechanisms can likely coexist. We here review the current knowledge regarding photoassimilate transport across PD between cells as a prerequisite for translocation from leaves to recipient organs, in particular roots and developing seeds. We summarize the state-of-the-art in protein composition, structure, transport mechanism and regulation of PD to apprehend their functions in carbohydrate allocation. Since many aspects of PD biology remain elusive, we highlight areas that require new approaches and technologies to advance our understanding of these enigmatic and important cell-cell connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Miras
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mathieu Pottier
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - T Moritz Schladt
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - J Obinna Ejike
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Laura Redzich
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Babst BA, Braun DM, Karve AA, Frank Baker R, Tran TM, Kenny DJ, Rohlhill J, Knoblauch J, Knoblauch M, Lohaus G, Tappero R, Scherzer S, Hedrich R, Jensen KH. Sugar loading is not required for phloem sap flow in maize plants. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:171-180. [PMID: 35194203 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phloem transport of photoassimilates from leaves to non-photosynthetic organs, such as the root and shoot apices and reproductive organs, is crucial to plant growth and yield. For nearly 90 years, evidence has been generally consistent with the theory of a pressure-flow mechanism of phloem transport. Central to this hypothesis is the loading of osmolytes, principally sugars, into the phloem to generate the osmotic pressure that propels bulk flow. Here we used genetic and light manipulations to test whether sugar import into the phloem is required as the driving force for phloem sap flow. Using carbon-11 radiotracer, we show that a maize sucrose transporter1 (sut1) loss-of-function mutant has severely reduced export of carbon from photosynthetic leaves (only ~4% of the wild type level). Yet, the mutant remarkably maintains phloem pressure at ~100% and sap flow speeds at ~50-75% of those of wild type. Potassium (K+) abundance in the phloem was elevated in sut1 mutant leaves. Fluid dynamic modelling supports the conclusion that increased K+ loading compensated for decreased sucrose loading to maintain phloem pressure, and thereby maintained phloem transport via the pressure-flow mechanism. Furthermore, these results suggest that sap flow and transport of other phloem-mobile nutrients and signalling molecules could be regulated independently of sugar loading into the phloem, potentially influencing carbon-nutrient homoeostasis and the distribution of signalling molecules in plants encountering different environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Babst
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR, USA.
| | - David M Braun
- Divisions of Plant and Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Abhijit A Karve
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Office of Technology Commercialization, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R Frank Baker
- Divisions of Plant and Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thu M Tran
- Divisions of Plant and Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Douglas J Kenny
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Rohlhill
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jan Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gertrud Lohaus
- Department of Molecular Plant Science/Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kaare H Jensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Insight into gene regulatory networks involved in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) drought response. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
35
|
He Y, Chen R, Yang Y, Liang G, Zhang H, Deng X, Xi R. Sugar Metabolism and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Key Sugar Transporters during Camellia oleifera Fruit Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020822. [PMID: 35055010 PMCID: PMC8775869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a widely planted woody oil crop with economic significance because it does not occupy cultivated land. The sugar-derived acetyl-CoA is the basic building block in fatty acid synthesis and oil synthesis in C. oleifera fruit; however, sugar metabolism in this species is uncharacterized. Herein, the changes in sugar content and metabolic enzyme activity and the transcriptomic changes during C. oleifera fruit development were determined in four developmental stages (CR6: young fruit formation; CR7: expansion; CR9: oil transformation; CR10: ripening). CR7 was the key period of sugar metabolism since it had the highest amount of soluble sugar, sucrose, and glucose with a high expression of genes related to sugar transport (four sucrose transporters (SUTs) or and one SWEET-like gene, also known as a sugar, will eventually be exported transporters) and metabolism. The significant positive correlation between their expression and sucrose content suggests that they may be the key genes responsible for sucrose transport and content maintenance. Significantly differentially expressed genes enriched in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were observed in the CR6 versus CR10 stages according to KEGG annotation. The 26 enriched candidate genes related to sucrose metabolism provide a molecular basis for further sugar metabolism studies in C. oleifera fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruifan Chen
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guichan Liang
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Deng
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (R.X.)
| | - Ruchun Xi
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (R.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (R.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo X, Liang J, Lin R, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang X. Series-Spatial Transcriptome Profiling of Leafy Head Reveals the Key Transition Leaves for Head Formation in Chinese Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787826. [PMID: 35069646 PMCID: PMC8770947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is an important leaf heading vegetable crop. At the heading stage, its leaves across inner to outer show significant morphological differentiation. However, the genetic control of this complex leaf morphological differentiation remains unclear. Here, we reported the transcriptome profiling of Chinese cabbage plant at the heading stage using 24 spatially dissected tissues representing different regions of the inner to outer leaves. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis clearly separated the inner leaf tissues from the outer leaf tissues. In particular, we identified the key transition leaf by the spatial expression analysis of key genes for leaf development and sugar metabolism. We observed that the key transition leaves were the first inwardly curved ones. Surprisingly, most of the heading candidate genes identified by domestication selection analysis obviously showed a corresponding expression transition, supporting that key transition leaves are related to leafy head formation. The key transition leaves were controlled by a complex signal network, including not only internal hormones and protein kinases but also external light and other stimuli. Our findings provide new insights and the rich resource to unravel the genetic control of heading traits.
Collapse
|
37
|
Truernit E. Sieve elements and their cell neighbours in the Arabidopsis root - Roles and relationships. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153569. [PMID: 34801777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Truernit
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim JY, Loo EPI, Pang TY, Lercher M, Frommer WB, Wudick MM. Cellular export of sugars and amino acids: role in feeding other cells and organisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1893-1914. [PMID: 34015139 PMCID: PMC8644676 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose, hexoses, and raffinose play key roles in the plant metabolism. Sucrose and raffinose, produced by photosynthesis, are translocated from leaves to flowers, developing seeds and roots. Translocation occurs in the sieve elements or sieve tubes of angiosperms. But how is sucrose loaded into and unloaded from the sieve elements? There seem to be two principal routes: one through plasmodesmata and one via the apoplasm. The best-studied transporters are the H+/SUCROSE TRANSPORTERs (SUTs) in the sieve element-companion cell complex. Sucrose is delivered to SUTs by SWEET sugar uniporters that release these key metabolites into the apoplasmic space. The H+/amino acid permeases and the UmamiT amino acid transporters are hypothesized to play analogous roles as the SUT-SWEET pair to transport amino acids. SWEETs and UmamiTs also act in many other important processes-for example, seed filling, nectar secretion, and pollen nutrition. We present information on cell type-specific enrichment of SWEET and UmamiT family members and propose several members to play redundant roles in the efflux of sucrose and amino acids across different cell types in the leaf. Pathogens hijack SWEETs and thus represent a major susceptibility of the plant. Here, we provide an update on the status of research on intercellular and long-distance translocation of key metabolites such as sucrose and amino acids, communication of the plants with the root microbiota via root exudates, discuss the existence of transporters for other important metabolites and provide potential perspectives that may direct future research activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Eliza P -I Loo
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goetz M, Rabinovich M, Smith HM. The role of auxin and sugar signaling in dominance inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1189-1201. [PMID: 34734274 PMCID: PMC8566266 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dominance inhibition of shoot growth by fruit load is a major factor that regulates shoot architecture and limits yield in agriculture and horticulture crops. In annual plants, the inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load occurs at a late stage of inflorescence development termed the end of flowering transition. Physiological studies show this transition is mediated by production and export of auxin from developing fruits in close proximity to the inflorescence apex. In the meristem, cessation of inflorescence growth is controlled in part by the age-dependent pathway, which regulates the timing of arrest. Here, we show the end of flowering transition is a two-step process in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The first stage is characterized by a cessation of inflorescence growth, while immature fruit continues to develop. At this stage, dominance inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load is associated with a selective dampening of auxin transport in the apical region of the stem. Subsequently, an increase in auxin response in the vascular tissues of the apical stem where developing fruits are attached marks the second stage for the end of flowering transition. Similar to the vegetative and floral transition, the end of flowering transition is associated with a change in sugar signaling and metabolism in the inflorescence apex. Taken together, our results suggest that during the end of flowering transition, dominance inhibition of inflorescence shoot growth by fruit load is mediated by auxin and sugar signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Goetz
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Maia Rabinovich
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Harley M Smith
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu Y, Fang W, Peng W, Jiang M, Chen G, Xiong F. Sucrose transporter in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1952373. [PMID: 34269147 PMCID: PMC8525984 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1952373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis processes play vital roles in crop plant development. Understanding carbohydrate partitioning via sugar transport is one of the potential ways to modify crop biomass, which is tightly linked to plant architecture, such as plant height and panicle size. Based on the literature, we highlight recent findings to summarize phloem loading by sucrose transport in rice. In rice, sucrose transporters, OsSUTs (sucrose transporters) and OsSWEETs (sugars are eventually exported transporters) import sucrose and export cells between phloem parenchyma cells and companion cells. Before sucrose transporters perform their functions, several transcription factors can induce sucrose transporter gene transcription levels, such as Oryza sativa DNA binding with one finger 11 (OsDOF11) and Oryza sativa Nuclear Factor Y B1 (OsNF-YB1). In addition to native regulator genes, environmental factors, such as CO2 concentration, drought stress and increased temperature, also affect sucrose transporter gene transcription levels. However, more research work is needed on formation regulation webs. Elucidation of the phloem loading mechanism could improve our understanding of rice development under multiple conditions and facilitate its manipulation to increase crop productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - wenchun Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wangmenghan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dhungana SR, Braun DM. Sugar transporters in grasses: Function and modulation in source and storage tissues. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153541. [PMID: 34634553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate partitioning, the process of transporting carbohydrates from photosynthetic (source) tissues, such as leaves, to non-photosynthetic (sink) tissues, such as stems, roots, and reproductive structures, is vital not only for the growth and development of plants but also for withstanding biotic and abiotic stress. In many plants, sucrose is the primary form of carbohydrate loaded into the phloem for long-distance transport and unloaded into the sink tissues for utilization or storage. We highlight recent findings about 1) phloem loading in grasses, 2) the principal families of sugar transporters involved in sucrose transport, and 3) novel mechanisms by which the activities of sugar transporters are modulated. We discuss exciting discoveries from eudicot species that provide valuable insights regarding the regulation of these sugar transporters, which may be translatable to monocot species. As we better understand the intricate pathways that control the activities of various sugar transporters, we can utilize this knowledge for developing improved crop varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Singha R Dhungana
- Divisions of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Divisions of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA; Plant Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang C, Li Y, Wang J, Xue X, Beuchat G, Chen LQ. Two evolutionarily duplicated domains individually and post-transcriptionally control SWEET expression for phloem transport. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1793-1807. [PMID: 34431115 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell type-specific gene expression is critical for the specialized functions within multicellular organisms. In Arabidopsis, SWEET11 and SWEET12 sugar transporters are specifically expressed in phloem parenchyma (PP) cells and are responsible for sucrose efflux from the PP, the first step of a two-step apoplasmic phloem-loading strategy that initiates the long-distance transport of sugar from leaves to nonphotosynthetic sink tissues. However, we know nothing about what determines the PP cell-specific expression of these SWEETs. Sequence deletions, histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis, cross-sectioning, live-cell imaging, and evolutionary analysis were used to elucidate domains responsible for PP specificity, while a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor-based transport assay was used to determine whether substrate specificity coevolved with PP specificity. We identified two domains in the Arabidopsis SWEET11 coding sequence that, along with its promoter (including 5' UTR), regulate PP-specific expression at the post-transcriptional level, probably involving RNA-binding proteins. This mechanism is conserved among vascular plants but independent of transport substrate specificity. We conclude that two evolutionarily duplicated coding sequence domains are essential and individually sufficient for PP-specific expression of SWEET11. We also provide a crucial experimental tool to study PP physiology and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xueyi Xue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Beuchat
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Y, Chen Y, Wei Q, Wan H, Sun C. Phylogenetic relationships of sucrose transporters (SUTs) in plants and genome-wide characterization of SUT genes in Orchidaceae reveal roles in floral organ development. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11961. [PMID: 34603845 PMCID: PMC8445082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is the primary form of photosynthetically produced carbohydrates transported long distance in many plant species and substantially affects plant growth, development and physiology. Sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) are a group of membrane proteins that play vital roles in mediating sucrose allocation within cells and at the whole-plant level. In this study, we investigated the relationships among SUTs in 24 representative plant species and performed an analysis of SUT genes in three sequenced Orchidaceae species: Dendrobium officinale, Phalaenopsis equestris, and Apostasia shenzhenica. All the SUTs from the 24 plant species were classified into three groups and five subgroups, subgroups A, B1, B2.1, B2.2, and C, based on their evolutionary relationships. A total of 22 SUT genes were identified among Orchidaceae species, among which D. officinale had 8 genes (DoSUT01-08), P. equestris had eight genes (PeqSUT01-08) and A. shenzhenica had 6 genes (AsSUT01-06). For the 22 OrchidaceaeSUTs, subgroups A, B2.2 and C contained three genes, whereas the SUT genes were found to have significantly expanded in the monocot-specific subgroup B2.1, which contained 12 genes. To understand sucrose partitioning and the functions of sucrose transporters in Orchidaceae species, we analyzed the water-soluble sugar content and performed RNA sequencing of different tissues of D. officinale, including leaves, stems, flowers and roots. The results showed that although the total content of water-soluble polysaccharides was highest in the stems of D. officinale, the sucrose content was highest in the flowers. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed that most of the DoSUTs were expressed in the flowers, among which DoSUT01,DoSUT07 and DoSUT06 had significantly increased expression levels. These results indicated that stems are used as the main storage sinks for photosynthetically produced sugar in D. officinale and that DoSUTs mainly function in the cellular machinery and development of floral organs. Our findings provide valuable information on sucrose partitioning and the evolution and functions of SUT genes in Orchidaceae and other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhen Wei
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Wan
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongbo Sun
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li H, Ghoto K, Wei MY, Gao CH, Liu YL, Ma DN, Zheng HL. Unraveling hydrogen sulfide-promoted lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata: insight into regulatory mechanism by TMT-based quantitative proteomic approaches. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1749-1766. [PMID: 33580961 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are the main intertidal ecosystems with varieties of root types along the tropical and subtropical coastlines around the world. The typical characteristics of mangrove habitats, including the abundant organic matter and nutrients, as well as the strong reductive environment, are favor for the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, as a pivotal signaling molecule, has been evidenced in a wide variety of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, whether H2S functions in the mangrove root system establishment is not clear yet. Here, we reported the possible role of H2S in regulation of Kandelia obovata root development and growth by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approaches coupled with bioinformatic methods. The results showed that H2S could induce the root morphogenesis of K. obovata in a dose-dependent manner. The proteomic results successfully identified 8075 proteins, and 697 were determined as differentially expressed proteins. Based on the functional enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that H2S could promote the lateral root development and growth by predominantly regulating the proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other antioxidant associated proteins. In addition, transcriptional regulation and brassinosteroid signal transduction associated proteins also act as important roles in lateral root development. The protein-protein interaction analysis further unravels a complicated regulation network of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular redox homeostasis, protein metabolism, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in H2S-promoted root development and growth of K. obovata. Overall, our results revealed that H2S could contribute to the morphogenesis of the unique root system of mangrove plant K. obovata, and play a positive role in the adaption of mangrove plants to intertidal habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Kabir Ghoto
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xue X, Yu YC, Wu Y, Xue H, Chen LQ. Locally restricted glucose availability in the embryonic hypocotyl determines seed germination under abscisic acid treatment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1832-1844. [PMID: 34032290 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses affect plant growth and development by causing cellular damage and/or restricting resources. Plants often respond to stresses through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Exogenous ABA application can therefore be used to mimic stress responses, which can be overridden by glucose (Glc) addition during seed germination. It remains unclear whether ABA-mediated germination inhibition is due to regional or global suppression of Glc availability in germinating Arabidopsis seeds. We used a genetically engineered Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor to ascertain whether ABA affects the spatiotemporal distribution of Glc, 14 C-Glc uptake assays to track potential effects of ABA on sugar import, and transcriptome and mutant analyses to identify genes associated with Glc availability that are involved in ABA-inhibited seed germination. Abscisic acid limits Glc in the hypocotyl largely by suppressing sugar allocation as well as altering sugar metabolism. Mutant plants carrying loss-of-function ABA-inducible sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) genes accumulated more Glc, leading to ABA-insensitive germination. We reveal that Glc antagonizes ABA by globally counteracting the ABA influence at the transcript level, including expansin (EXP) family genes suppressed by ABA. This study presents a new perspective on how ABA affects Glc distribution, which likely reflects what occurs when seeds are subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought and salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Xue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ya-Chi Yu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huiling Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li H, Testerink C, Zhang Y. How roots and shoots communicate through stressful times. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:940-952. [PMID: 33896687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high temperature, or shade, good communication between above- and belowground organs is necessary to coordinate growth and development. Various signals including hormones, peptides, proteins, hydraulic signals, and metabolites are transported mostly through the vasculature to distant tissues. How shoots and roots synchronize their response to stress using mobile signals is an emerging field of research. We summarize recent advances on mobile signals regulating shoot stomatal movement and root development in response to highly localized environmental cues. In addition, we highlight how the vascular system is not only a conduit but is also flexible in its development in response to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu Q, Liesche J. Sugar export from Arabidopsis leaves: actors and regulatory strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5275-5284. [PMID: 34037757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant acclimation and stress responses depend on the dynamic optimization of carbon balance between source and sink organs. This optimization also applies to the leaf export rate of photosynthetically produced sugars. So far, investigations into the molecular mechanisms of how the rate is controlled have focused on sugar transporters responsible for loading sucrose into the phloem sieve element-companion cell complex of leaf veins. Here, we take a broader view of the various proteins with potential direct influence on the leaf sugar export rate in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, helped by the cell type-specific transcriptome data that have recently become available. Furthermore, we integrate current information on the regulation of these potential target proteins. Our analysis identifies putative control points and units of transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally co-regulated genes. Most notable is the potential regulatory unit of sucrose transporters (SUC2, SWEET11, SWEET12, and SUC4) and proton pumps (AHA3 and AVP1). Our analysis can guide future research aimed at understanding the regulatory network controlling leaf sugar export by providing starting points for characterizing regulatory strategies and identifying regulatory factors that link sugar export rate to the major signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bezrutczyk M, Zöllner NR, Kruse CPS, Hartwig T, Lautwein T, Köhrer K, Frommer WB, Kim JY. Evidence for phloem loading via the abaxial bundle sheath cells in maize leaves. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:531-547. [PMID: 33955497 PMCID: PMC8136869 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are asymmetric, with different functions for adaxial and abaxial tissue. The bundle sheath (BS) of C3 barley (Hordeum vulgare) is dorsoventrally differentiated into three types of cells: adaxial structural, lateral S-type, and abaxial L-type BS cells. Based on plasmodesmatal connections between S-type cells and mestome sheath (parenchymatous cell layer below bundle sheath), S-type cells likely transfer assimilates toward the phloem. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate BS differentiation in C4 maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Abaxial BS (abBS) cells of rank-2 intermediate veins specifically expressed three SWEET sucrose uniporters (SWEET13a, b, and c) and UmamiT amino acid efflux transporters. SWEET13a, b, c mRNAs were also detected in the phloem parenchyma (PP). We show that maize has acquired a mechanism for phloem loading in which abBS cells provide the main route for apoplasmic sucrose transfer toward the phloem. This putative route predominates in veins responsible for phloem loading (rank-2 intermediate), whereas rank-1 intermediate and major veins export sucrose from the PP adjacent to the sieve element companion cell complex, as in Arabidopsis thaliana. We surmise that abBS identity is subject to dorsoventral patterning and has components of PP identity. These observations provide insights into the unique transport-specific properties of abBS cells and support a modification to the canonical phloem loading pathway in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nora R Zöllner
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Colin P S Kruse
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Tobias Lautwein
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim JY, Symeonidi E, Pang TY, Denyer T, Weidauer D, Bezrutczyk M, Miras M, Zöllner N, Hartwig T, Wudick MM, Lercher M, Chen LQ, Timmermans MCP, Frommer WB. Distinct identities of leaf phloem cells revealed by single cell transcriptomics. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:511-530. [PMID: 33955487 PMCID: PMC8136902 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The leaf vasculature plays a key role in solute translocation. Veins consist of at least seven distinct cell types, with specific roles in transport, metabolism, and signaling. Little is known about leaf vascular cells, in particular the phloem parenchyma (PP). PP effluxes sucrose into the apoplasm as a basis for phloem loading, yet PP has been characterized only microscopically. Here, we enriched vascular cells from Arabidopsis leaves to generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas of leaf vasculature. We identified at least 19 cell clusters, encompassing epidermis, guard cells, hydathodes, mesophyll, and all vascular cell types, and used metabolic pathway analysis to define their roles. Clusters comprising PP cells were enriched for transporters, including SWEET11 and SWEET12 sucrose and UmamiT amino acid efflux carriers. We provide evidence that PP development occurs independently from ALTERED PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT, a transcription factor required for phloem differentiation. PP cells have a unique pattern of amino acid metabolism activity distinct from companion cells (CCs), explaining differential distribution/metabolism of amino acids in veins. The kinship relation of the vascular clusters is strikingly similar to the vein morphology, except for a clear separation of CC from the other vascular cells including PP. In summary, our single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis provides a wide range of information into the leaf vasculature and the role and relationship of the leaf cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Author for correspondence: (W.B.F.), (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Efthymia Symeonidi
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Tom Denyer
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Diana Weidauer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Manuel Miras
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nora Zöllner
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marja C P Timmermans
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Author for correspondence: (W.B.F.), (J.-Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Carrera DÁ, George GM, Fischer-Stettler M, Galbier F, Eicke S, Truernit E, Streb S, Zeeman SC. Distinct plastid fructose bisphosphate aldolases function in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic metabolism in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3739-3755. [PMID: 33684221 PMCID: PMC8628874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plastid metabolism is critical in both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic plant cells. In chloroplasts, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) catalyses the formation of both fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate within the Calvin-Benson cycle. Three Arabidopsis genes, AtFBA1-AtFBA3, encode plastidial isoforms of FBA, but the contribution of each isoform is unknown. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that FBA1 and FBA2 derive from a recently duplicated gene, while FBA3 is a more ancient paralog. fba1 mutants are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild type, while both fba2 and fba3 have reduced growth. We show that FBA2 is the major isoform in leaves, contributing most of the measurable activity. Partial redundancy with FBA1 allows both single mutants to survive, but combining both mutations is lethal, indicating a block of photoautotrophy. In contrast, FBA3 is expressed predominantly in heterotrophic tissues, especially the leaf and root vasculature, but not in the leaf mesophyll. We show that the loss of FBA3 affects plastidial glycolytic metabolism of the root, potentially limiting the biosynthesis of essential compounds such as amino acids. However, grafting experiments suggest that fba3 is dysfunctional in leaf phloem transport, and we suggest that a block in photoassimilate export from leaves causes the buildup of high carbohydrate concentrations and retarded growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin M George
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Simona Eicke
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|