1
|
Rehmann CT, Ralph PL, Kern AD. Evaluating evidence for co-geography in the Anopheles-Plasmodium host-parasite system. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae008. [PMID: 38230808 PMCID: PMC10917517 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The often tight association between parasites and their hosts means that under certain scenarios, the evolutionary histories of the two species can become closely coupled both through time and across space. Using spatial genetic inference, we identify a potential signal of common dispersal patterns in the Anopheles gambiae and Plasmodium falciparum host-parasite system as seen through a between-species correlation of the differences between geographic sampling location and geographic location predicted from the genome. This correlation may be due to coupled dispersal dynamics between host and parasite but may also reflect statistical artifacts due to uneven spatial distribution of sampling locations. Using continuous-space population genetics simulations, we investigate the degree to which uneven distribution of sampling locations leads to bias in prediction of spatial location from genetic data and implement methods to counter this effect. We demonstrate that while algorithmic bias presents a problem in inference from spatio-genetic data, the correlation structure between A. gambiae and P. falciparum predictions cannot be attributed to spatial bias alone and is thus likely a genetic signal of co-dispersal in a host-parasite system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara T Rehmann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA
| | - Peter L Ralph
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA
| | - Andrew D Kern
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei HP, Jakovlić I, Zhou S, Liu X, Yan C, Jin X, Wang B, Li WX, Wang GT, Zhang D. Geography, phylogeny and host switch drive the coevolution of parasitic Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 38291495 PMCID: PMC10825989 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gyrodactylus is a lineage of monogenean flatworm ectoparasites exhibiting many features that make them a suitable model to study the host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics. Previous coevolutionary studies of this lineage mainly relied on low-power datasets (a small number of samples and a single molecular marker) and (now) outdated algorithms. METHODS To investigate the coevolutionary relationship of gyrodactylids and their fish hosts in high resolution, we used complete mitogenomes (including two newly sequenced Gyrodactylus species), a large number of species in the single-gene dataset, and four different coevolutionary algorithms. RESULTS The overall coevolutionary fit between the parasites and hosts was consistently significant. Multiple indicators confirmed that gyrodactylids are generally highly host-specific parasites, but several species could parasitize either multiple (more than 5) or phylogenetically distant fish hosts. The molecular dating results indicated that gyrodactylids tend to evolve towards high host specificity. Speciation by host switch was identified as a more important speciation mode than co-speciation. Assuming that the ancestral host belonged to Cypriniformes, we inferred four major host switch events to non-Cypriniformes hosts (mostly Salmoniformes), all of which occurred deep in the evolutionary history. Despite their relative rarity, these events had strong macroevolutionary consequences for gyrodactylid diversity. For example, in our dataset, 57.28% of all studied gyrodactylids parasitized only non-Cypriniformes hosts, which implies that the evolutionary history of more than half of all included lineages could be traced back to these major host switch events. The geographical co-occurrence of fishes and gyrodactylids determined the host use by these gyrodactylids, and geography accounted for most of the phylogenetic signal in host use. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the coevolution of Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts is largely driven by geography, phylogeny, and host switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehmann CT, Ralph PL, Kern AD. Evaluating evidence for co-geography in the Anopheles-Plasmodium host-parasite system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549405. [PMID: 37503196 PMCID: PMC10370088 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The often tight association between parasites and their hosts means that under certain scenarios, the evolutionary histories of the two species can become closely coupled both through time and across space. Using spatial genetic inference, we identify a potential signal of common dispersal patterns in the Anopheles gambiae and Plasmodium falciparum host-parasite system as seen through a between-species correlation of the differences between geographic sampling location and geographic location predicted from the genome. This correlation may be due to coupled dispersal dynamics between host and parasite, but may also reflect statistical artifacts due to uneven spatial distribution of sampling locations. Using continuous-space population genetics simulations, we investigate the degree to which uneven distribution of sampling locations leads to bias in prediction of spatial location from genetic data and implement methods to counter this effect. We demonstrate that while algorithmic bias presents a problem in inference from spatio-genetic data, the correlation structure between A. gambiae and P. falciparum predictions cannot be attributed to spatial bias alone, and is thus likely a genetic signal of co-dispersal in a host-parasite system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara T Rehmann
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Biology
| | - Peter L Ralph
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Biology
- University of Oregon, Department of Mathematics
| | - Andrew D Kern
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Biology
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
D'Bastiani E, Princepe D, Marquitti FMD, Boeger WA, Campião KM, Araujo SBL. Effect of Host-Switching on the Ecological and Evolutionary Patterns of Parasites. Syst Biol 2023; 72:912-924. [PMID: 37097763 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation via host-switching is a macroevolutionary process that emerges from a microevolutionary dynamic where individual parasites switch hosts, establish a new association, and reduce reproductive contact with the original parasite lineage. Phylogenetic distance and geographic distribution of the hosts have been shown to be determinants of the capacity and opportunity of the parasite to change hosts. Although speciation via host-switching has been reported in many host-parasite systems, its dynamic on the individual, population and community levels is poorly understood. Here we propose a theoretical model to simulate parasite evolution considering host-switching events on the microevolutionary scale, taking into account the macroevolutionary history of the hosts, to evaluate how host-switching can affect ecological and evolutionary patterns of parasites in empirical communities at regional and local scales. In the model, parasite individuals can switch hosts under variable intensity and have their evolution driven by mutation and genetic drift. Mating is sexual and only individuals that are sufficiently similar can produce offspring. We assumed that parasite evolution occurs at the same evolutionary time scale as their hosts, and that the intensity of host-switching decreases as the host species differentiate. Ecological and evolutionary patterns were characterized by the turnover of parasite species among host species, and parasite evolutionary tree imbalance respectively. We found a range of host-switching intensity that reproduces ecological and evolutionary patterns observed in empirical communities. Our results showed that turnover decreased as host-switching intensity increased, with low variation among the model replications. On the other hand, tree imbalance showed wide variation and non-monotonic tendency. We concluded that tree imbalance was sensitive to stochastic events, whereas turnover may be a good indicator of host-switching. We found that local communities corresponded to higher host-switching intensity when compared to regional communities, highlighting that spatial scale is a limitation for host-switching. [Dispersal of parasites, opportunity and capacity of interaction, phylogenetic conservatism, and community structure.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira D'Bastiani
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Débora Princepe
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP-Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flavia M D Marquitti
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP-Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP-Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Walter A Boeger
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Karla M Campião
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Sabrina B L Araujo
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Yang H, Tong Z, Tian R, Xu S, Yu L, Guo Y, Shi P, Huang S, Yang G, Shi S, Wei F. Molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution in wild animals and plants. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:453-495. [PMID: 36648611 PMCID: PMC9843154 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild animals and plants have developed a variety of adaptive traits driven by adaptive evolution, an important strategy for species survival and persistence. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution is the key to understanding species diversification, phenotypic convergence, and inter-species interaction. As the genome sequences of more and more non-model organisms are becoming available, the focus of studies on molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution has shifted from the candidate gene method to genetic mapping based on genome-wide scanning. In this study, we reviewed the latest research advances in wild animals and plants, focusing on adaptive traits, convergent evolution, and coevolution. Firstly, we focused on the adaptive evolution of morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits. Secondly, we reviewed the phenotypic convergences of life history traits and responding to environmental pressures, and the underlying molecular convergence mechanisms. Thirdly, we summarized the advances of coevolution, including the four main types: mutualism, parasitism, predation and competition. Overall, these latest advances greatly increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms for diverse adaptive traits and species interaction, demonstrating that the development of evolutionary biology has been greatly accelerated by multi-omics technologies. Finally, we highlighted the emerging trends and future prospects around the above three aspects of adaptive evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Hu
- CAS Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yongchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zeyu Tong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ran Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Shuangquan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Fuwen Wei
- CAS Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alotaibi NJ, Al-Turaiki IM, Alajmi R, Fouzi B, Amjad Bashir M, Almusawi Z, Metwally DM, Alzarzor Alajami MA, Alajmi FE, Nasser MG. Molecular Identification of Newly Recorded Louse Columbicola tschulyschman Eichler (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) From Saudi Arabia With a Note on Genus Columbicola spp. Phylogeny. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1980-1985. [PMID: 36151853 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chewing lice comprise a large group of ectoparasites that colonize and adversely affect several domestic and wild birds including pigeons. In Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of studies describing such ectoparasites and their infestation rates. Through this work, a new record, Columbicola, tschulyschman Eichler (C. tschulyschman Eichler) was collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica, Linnaeus). The collected C. tschulyschman Eichler was morphologically identified based on specific taxonomic keys. Mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1α) gene fragments were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, the C. tschulyschman Eichler accounted for around 69.40%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tschulyschman Eichler in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To improve the tree topology and differentiate between genera, further studies should utilize the 16s rRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura J Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra M Al-Turaiki
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boulkenafet Fouzi
- Department of Natural Sciences and Life University of 20th August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Almusawi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M Metwally
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Fatemah E Alajmi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed G Nasser
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson KP. Genomic Approaches to Uncovering the Coevolutionary History of Parasitic Lice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091442. [PMID: 36143478 PMCID: PMC9501036 DOI: 10.3390/life12091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New sequencing technologies have now made it possible to sequence entire genomes for a diversity of life on earth. Parasites comprise nearly half of all species. Lice are one important group of parasites of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome sequencing approaches have been applied to this group of parasites to uncover patterns of diversification. These patterns can be compared to the patterns of diversification in their hosts. Key findings from these studies have revealed that parasitic lice likely originated on birds and then switched to mammals multiple times. Within groups of birds and mammals, the evolutionary trees of lice match those for mammal hosts more than those for birds. Genomic approaches have also revealed that individual birds and mammals harbor distinct populations of lice. Thus, these new techniques allow for the study of patterns of diversification at a wide variety of scales. Abstract Next-generation sequencing technologies are revolutionizing the fields of genomics, phylogenetics, and population genetics. These new genomic approaches have been extensively applied to a major group of parasites, the lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of birds and mammals. Two louse genomes have been assembled and annotated to date, and these have opened up new resources for the study of louse biology. Whole genome sequencing has been used to assemble large phylogenomic datasets for lice, incorporating sequences of thousands of genes. These datasets have provided highly supported trees at all taxonomic levels, ranging from relationships among the major groups of lice to those among closely related species. Such approaches have also been applied at the population scale in lice, revealing patterns of population subdivision and inbreeding. Finally, whole genome sequence datasets can also be used for additional study beyond that of the louse nuclear genome, such as in the study of mitochondrial genome fragmentation or endosymbiont function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Murali A, Giri V, Cameron HJ, Sperber S, Zickgraf FM, Haake V, Driemert P, Walk T, Kamp H, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B. Investigating the gut microbiome and metabolome following treatment with artificial sweeteners acesulfame potassium and saccharin in young adult Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Boyd BM, Nguyen NP, Allen JM, Waterhouse RM, Vo KB, Sweet AD, Clayton DH, Bush SE, Shapiro MD, Johnson KP. Long-distance dispersal of pigeons and doves generated new ecological opportunities for host-switching and adaptive radiation by their parasites. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220042. [PMID: 35259992 PMCID: PMC8905168 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of organismal diversification and can be triggered by new ecological opportunities. Although poorly studied in this regard, parasites are an ideal group in which to study adaptive radiations because of their close associations with host species. Both experimental and comparative studies suggest that the ectoparasitic wing lice of pigeons and doves have adaptively radiated, leading to differences in body size and overall coloration. Here, we show that long-distance dispersal by dove hosts was central to parasite diversification because it provided new ecological opportunities for parasites to speciate after host-switching. We further show that among extant parasite lineages host-switching decreased over time, with cospeciation becoming the more dominant mode of parasite speciation. Taken together, our results suggest that host dispersal, followed by host-switching, provided novel ecological opportunities that facilitated adaptive radiation by parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Boyd
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nam-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Julie M Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyle B Vo
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew D Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah E Bush
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Angeli Dutra D, Fecchio A, Braga ÉM, Poulin R. Migratory behaviour does not alter cophylogenetic congruence between avian hosts and their haemosporidian parasites. Parasitology 2022; 149:1-8. [PMID: 35393002 PMCID: PMC10090587 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parasites display various degrees of host specificity, reflecting different coevolutionary histories with their hosts. Avian hosts follow multiple migration patterns representing short but also long distances. As parasites infecting migratory birds are subjected to multiple environmental and biotic changes through their flyways, migration may disrupt or strengthen cophylogenetic congruence between hosts and parasites. On the one hand, parasites might adapt to a single migratory host, evolving to cope with the specific challenges associated with the multiple habitats occupied by the host. On the other, as migrants can introduce parasites into new habitats, higher rates of host switching could also disrupt cophylogenetic patterns. We analysed whether migratory behaviour shapes avian haemosporidian parasite–host cophylogenetic congruence by testing if contributions of host–parasite links to overall congruence differ among resident and short-, variable- and long-distance migrants globally and within South America only. On both scales, we found significant overall cophylogenetic congruence by testing whether overall congruence differed between haemosporidian lineages and bird species. However, we found no difference in contribution towards congruence among links involving resident vs migratory hosts in both models. Thus, migratory behaviour neither weakens nor strengthens bird–haemosporidian cophylogenetic congruence, suggesting that other avian host traits are more influential in generating phylogenetic congruence in this host–parasite system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Érika Martins Braga
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Farrell MJ, Park AW, Cressler CE, Dallas T, Huang S, Mideo N, Morales-Castilla I, Davies TJ, Stephens P. The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200351. [PMID: 34538147 PMCID: PMC8450631 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research is focused on the extinction of parasite species in response to host endangerment and declines. Beyond the loss of parasite species richness, host extinction can impact apparent parasite host specificity, as measured by host richness or the phylogenetic distances among hosts. Such impacts on the distribution of parasites across the host phylogeny can have knock-on effects that may reshape the adaptation of both hosts and parasites, ultimately shifting the evolutionary landscape underlying the potential for emergence and the evolution of virulence across hosts. Here, we examine how the reshaping of host phylogenies through extinction may impact the host specificity of parasites, and offer examples from historical extinctions, present-day endangerment, and future projections of biodiversity loss. We suggest that an improved understanding of the impact of host extinction on contemporary host-parasite interactions may shed light on core aspects of disease ecology, including comparative studies of host specificity, virulence evolution in multi-host parasite systems, and future trajectories for host and parasite biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Farrell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Clayton E. Cressler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Mideo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ignacio Morales-Castilla
- Universidad de Alcalá, GloCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pfenning-Butterworth AC, Davies TJ, Cressler CE. Identifying co-phylogenetic hotspots for zoonotic disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200363. [PMID: 34538148 PMCID: PMC8450626 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of zoonotic diseases is increasing worldwide, which makes identifying parasites likely to become zoonotic and hosts likely to harbour zoonotic parasites a critical concern. Prior work indicates that there is a higher risk of zoonotic spillover accruing from closely related hosts and from hosts that are infected with a high phylogenetic diversity of parasites. This suggests that host and parasite evolutionary history may be important drivers of spillover, but identifying whether host-parasite associations are more strongly structured by the host, parasite or both requires co-phylogenetic analyses that combine host-parasite association data with host and parasite phylogenies. Here, we use host-parasite datasets containing associations between helminth taxa and free-range mammals in combination with phylogenetic models to explore whether host, parasite, or both host and parasite evolutionary history influences host-parasite associations. We find that host phylogenetic history is most important for driving patterns of helminth-mammal association, indicating that zoonoses are most likely to come from a host's close relatives. More broadly, our results suggest that co-phylogenetic analyses across broad taxonomic scales can provide a novel perspective for surveying potential emerging infectious diseases. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany, Forest, and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Johnson KP, Weckstein JD, Virrueta Herrera S, Doña J. The interplay between host biogeography and phylogeny in structuring diversification of the feather louse genus Penenirmus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 165:107297. [PMID: 34438049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasite diversification is influenced by many of the same factors that affect speciation of free-living organisms, such as biogeographic barriers. However, the ecology and evolution of the host lineage also has a major impact on parasite speciation. Here we explore the interplay between biogeography and host-association on the pattern of diversification in a group of ectoparasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Penenirmus) that feeds on the feathers of woodpeckers, barbets, and honeyguides (Piciformes) and some songbirds (Passeriformes). We use whole genome sequencing of 41 ingroup and 12 outgroup samples to develop a phylogenomic dataset of DNA sequences from a reference set of 2395 single copy ortholog genes, for a total of nearly four million aligned base positions. The phylogenetic trees resulting from both concatenated and gene-tree/species-tree coalescent analyses were nearly identical and highly supported. These trees recovered the genus Penenirmus as monophyletic and identified several major clades, which tended to be associated with one major host group. However, cophylogenetic analysis revealed that host-switching was a prominent process in the diversification of this group. This host-switching generally occurred within single major biogeographic regions. We did, however, find one case in which it appears that a rare dispersal event by a woodpecker lineage from North America to Africa allowed its associated louse to colonize a woodpecker in Africa, even though the woodpecker lineage from North America never became established there.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jason D Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephany Virrueta Herrera
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Doña
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA; Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lisnerová M, Lisner A, Cantatore DMP, Schaeffner BC, Pecková H, Tyml T, Fiala I, Bartošová-Sojková P, Holzer AS. Correlated evolution of fish host length and parasite spore size: a tale from myxosporeans inhabiting elasmobranchs. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:97-110. [PMID: 34302843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoa represent a diverse group of microscopic cnidarian endoparasites alternating between invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Of the approximately 2,600 species described predominantly from teleost fish, only 1.8% have been reported from cartilaginous fishes (Elasmobranchii). As ancestral vertebrate hosts of myxozoans, elasmobranchs may have played an important role in myxozoan evolution, however, they are also some of the largest vertebrate hosts known for this group of parasites. We screened 50 elasmobranchs belonging to nine species and seven families, from various geographical areas, for myxozoan infection. We found a 22% overall prevalence of myxozoans in elasmobranchs and describe five species new to science. We investigated, for the first known time, the evolution of spore size within three phylogenetic clades, Ceratomyxa, Sphaerospora sensu stricto and Parvicapsula. We found that spores from elasmobranch-infecting myxozoans were on average 4.8× (Ceratomyxa), 2.2× (Parvicapsula clade) and 1.8× (Sphaerospora sensu stricto except polysporoplasmic Sphaerospora spp.) larger than those from teleosts. In all analysed clades, spore size was correlated with phylogenetic position. In ceratomyxids, it was further strongly positively correlated with fish body size and habitat depth, independent of cellular composition of the spores and phylogenetic position in the tree. While in macroparasites a host size-correlated increase in parasite size occurs on a large scale and is often related to improved exploitation of host resources, in microscopic parasites size ranges vary at the scale of a few micrometres, disproportionate to the available additional space in a large host. We discuss the ecological role of these changes with regard to transmission under high pressure and an invertebrate fauna that is adapted to deeper marine habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lisnerová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Lisner
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Delfina M P Cantatore
- Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Bjoern C Schaeffner
- Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland; South African Shark Conservancy, Old Harbour, 22 Marine Drive, Hermanus 7200, South Africa
| | - Hana Pecková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tyml
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Fiala
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bartošová-Sojková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Astrid S Holzer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baldwin-Brown JG, Villa SM, Vickrey AI, Johnson KP, Bush SE, Clayton DH, Shapiro MD. The assembled and annotated genome of the pigeon louse Columbicola columbae, a model ectoparasite. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab009. [PMID: 33604673 PMCID: PMC8022949 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pigeon louse Columbicola columbae is a longstanding and important model for studies of ectoparasitism and host-parasite coevolution. However, a deeper understanding of its evolution and capacity for rapid adaptation is limited by a lack of genomic resources. Here, we present a high-quality draft assembly of the C. columbae genome, produced using a combination of Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembly is 208 Mb in length, with 12 chromosome-size scaffolds representing 98.1% of the assembly. For gene model prediction, we used a novel clustering method (wavy_choose) for Oxford Nanopore RNA-seq reads to feed into the MAKER annotation pipeline. High recovery of conserved single-copy orthologs (BUSCOs) suggests that our assembly and annotation are both highly complete and highly accurate. Consistent with the results of the only other assembled louse genome, Pediculus humanus, we find that C. columbae has a relatively low density of repetitive elements, the majority of which are DNA transposons. Also similar to P. humanus, we find a reduced number of genes encoding opsins, G protein-coupled receptors, odorant receptors, insulin signaling pathway components, and detoxification proteins in the C. columbae genome, relative to other insects. We propose that such losses might characterize the genomes of obligate, permanent ectoparasites with predictable habitats, limited foraging complexity, and simple dietary regimes. The sequencing and analysis for this genome were relatively low cost, and took advantage of a new clustering technique for Oxford Nanopore RNAseq reads that will be useful to future genome projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M Villa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anna I Vickrey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Sarah E Bush
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adly E, Nasser M, Soliman DE, AlAshaal SA, Kenawy MA, Gustafsson DR, Alghamdi KM, Shehata M. Analysis of phoretic relation between chewing lice and hippoboscid flies of Columba livia. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 22:100496. [PMID: 33308739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phoresy is a biologically mechanical phenomena where an immobile organism hitches on a other mobile organism to translocate. This behaviour is not studied very well on the field level especially between two important parasites infesting the same host. Parasite/parasite interaction is rarely studied through most biological host-parasite systems. Here, we evaluated the phoretic relation between parasitic chewing lice and hippoboscid flies (Pseudolynchia canariensis) on rock pigeons. A total of 69 captivated rock pigeons, Columba livia, were examined for the parasitic chewing lice and hippoboscid flies in Giza Zoo and two local farms near Cairo, Egypt. Results indicated that there is a positive correlation between infestation of hippoboscid flies and chewing lice. Also, the analysis of louse/louse interaction using ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the three chewing louse species which were recorded on the rock pigeons with relatively high abundance of two species, Columbicola columbae and Campanulotes compar. The analysis of hippoboscid flies' abundance and its relation with chewing lice infestation indicate a significant increase of lice intensity in case of high infestation with the fly. The level of hygiene of nest may be inversely related to level of parasite infestation. This work forms a step in the process of understanding parasite/parasite and host/parasite interactions using two parasitic species with a characteristic phoretic behaviour in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Adly
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Nasser
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Doaa E Soliman
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sara A AlAshaal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kenawy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Daniel R Gustafsson
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Khalid M Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi Shehata
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanaei E, Charlat S, Engelstädter J. Wolbachia
host shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:433-453. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sanaei
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Saint Lucia Brisbane QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Sylvain Charlat
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69622 France
| | - Jan Engelstädter
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Saint Lucia Brisbane QLD 4067 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Emmenegger T, Alves JA, Rocha AD, Costa JS, Schmid R, Schulze M, Hahn S. Population- and age-specific patterns of haemosporidian assemblages and infection levels in European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster). Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:1125-1131. [PMID: 32866492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amongst other factors, host behaviour critically determines the patterns with which blood parasites occur in wild host populations. In particular, migratory hosts that sequentially occupy distant sites within and across years are expected to show distinct patterns of blood parasitism depending on their population-specific schedules and whereabouts. Here, we monitored haemosporidian parasitism in two populations of European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster), breeding in Portugal and Germany, with fundamentally different spatiotemporal migration patterns and colonisation histories. We describe and compare the composition of their parasite fauna as well as host population-, age- and sex-specific patterns in the frequency and intensity of infections. We found haemosporidian prevalence to be higher in Portugal compared with Germany and the prevalence generally increased with host age in both populations. Bee-eaters breeding in Portugal and wintering in western Africa mostly hosted parasites of the genus Haemoproteus, while Plasmodium lineages prevailed in birds breeding in Germany and wintering in central Africa. We found 18 genetic lineages, of which nine uniquely occurred in Germany, three uniquely in Portugal and six occurred in both breeding populations. The infection intensities (= % infected per inspected erythrocytes) ranged from 0.002% up to maximally 2.5% in Portugal and 9.6% in Germany. The intensity was higher in Germany compared with Portugal, vastly varied between the parasite genera (Haemoproteus > Plasmodium), but also differed between lineages of the same genus. Our results suggest that populations from different parts of a host's breeding range differ in prevalence and the composition of their haemosporidian assemblages, rather than in the intensity of their infections. Whether these patterns are mainly caused by differential habitat use throughout the annual cycle and/or the population-specific co-evolutionary backgrounds of a host species in range expansion remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Emmenegger
- Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland.
| | - José A Alves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal; South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland, Lindarbraut 4, 840 Laugarvatn, Iceland
| | - Afonso D Rocha
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos Costa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raffaella Schmid
- Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schulze
- RANA, Agency for Ecology and Nature Conservation, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Steffen Hahn
- Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sweet AD, Wilson RE, Sonsthagen SA, Johnson KP. Lousy grouse: Comparing evolutionary patterns in Alaska galliform lice to understand host evolution and host-parasite interactions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8379-8393. [PMID: 32788987 PMCID: PMC7417246 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding both sides of host-parasite relationships can provide more complete insights into host and parasite biology in natural systems. For example, phylogenetic and population genetic comparisons between a group of hosts and their closely associated parasites can reveal patterns of host dispersal, interspecies interactions, and population structure that might not be evident from host data alone. These comparisons are also useful for understanding factors that drive host-parasite coevolutionary patterns (e.g., codivergence or host switching) over different periods of time. However, few studies have compared the evolutionary histories between multiple groups of parasites from the same group of hosts at a regional geographic scale. Here, we used genomic data to compare phylogenomic and population genomic patterns of Alaska ptarmigan and grouse species (Aves: Tetraoninae) and two genera of their associated feather lice: Lagopoecus and Goniodes. We used whole-genome sequencing to obtain hundreds of genes and thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the lice and double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequences to obtain SNPs from Alaska populations of two species of ptarmigan. We found that both genera of lice have some codivergence with their galliform hosts, but these relationships are primarily characterized by host switching and phylogenetic incongruence. Population structure was also uncorrelated between the hosts and lice. These patterns suggest that grouse, and ptarmigan in particular, share habitats and have likely had historical and ongoing dispersal within Alaska. However, the two genera of lice also have sufficient dissimilarities in the relationships with their hosts to suggest there are other factors, such as differences in louse dispersal ability, that shape the evolutionary patterns with their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Sweet
- Department of EntomologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | | | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of IllinoisChampaignILUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gajdošová M, Sychra O, Kreisinger J, Sedláček O, Nana ED, Albrecht T, Munclinger P. Patterns of host-parasite associations in tropical lice and their passerine hosts in Cameroon. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6512-6524. [PMID: 32724529 PMCID: PMC7381757 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coevolutionary processes that drive the patterns of host-parasite associations can be deduced through congruence analysis of their phylogenies. Feather lice and their avian hosts have previously been used as typical model systems for congruence analysis; however, such analyses are strongly biased toward nonpasserine hosts in the temperate zone. Further, in the Afrotropical region especially, cospeciation studies of lice and birds are entirely missing. This work supplements knowledge of host-parasite associations in lice using cospeciation analysis of feather lice (genus Myrsidea and the Brueelia complex) and their avian hosts in the tropical rainforests of Cameroon. Our analysis revealed a limited number of cospeciation events in both parasite groups. The parasite-host associations in both louse groups were predominantly shaped by host switching. Despite a general dissimilarity in phylogeny for the parasites and hosts, we found significant congruence in host-parasite distance matrices, mainly driven by associations between Brueelia lice and passerine species of the Waxbill (Estrildidae) family, and Myrsidea lice and their Bulbul (Pycnonotidae) host species. As such, our study supports the importance of complex biotic interactions in tropical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajdošová
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Oldřich Sychra
- Department of Biology and Wildlife DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary Hygiene and EcologyUniversity of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Eric Djomo Nana
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD)Messa ‐YaoundéCameroon
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyCzech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Munclinger
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tomáška Ľ, Nosek J. Co-evolution in the Jungle: From Leafcutter Ant Colonies to Chromosomal Ends. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:293-318. [PMID: 32157325 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological entities are multicomponent systems where each part is directly or indirectly dependent on the others. In effect, a change in a single component might have a consequence on the functioning of its partners, thus affecting the fitness of the entire system. In this article, we provide a few examples of such complex biological systems, ranging from ant colonies to a population of amino acids within a single-polypeptide chain. Based on these examples, we discuss one of the central and still challenging questions in biology: how do such multicomponent consortia co-evolve? More specifically, we ask how telomeres, nucleo-protein complexes protecting the integrity of linear DNA chromosomes, originated from the ancestral organisms having circular genomes and thus not dealing with end-replication and end-protection problems. Using the examples of rapidly evolving topologies of mitochondrial genomes in eukaryotic microorganisms, we show what means of co-evolution were employed to accommodate various types of telomere-maintenance mechanisms in mitochondria. We also describe an unprecedented runaway evolution of telomeric repeats in nuclei of ascomycetous yeasts accompanied by co-evolution of telomere-associated proteins. We propose several scenarios derived from research on telomeres and supported by other studies from various fields of biology, while emphasizing that the relevant answers are still not in sight. It is this uncertainty and a lack of a detailed roadmap that makes the journey through the jungle of biological systems still exciting and worth undertaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Virrueta Herrera S, Sweet AD, Allen JM, Walden KKO, Weckstein JD, Johnson KP. Extensive in situ radiation of feather lice on tinamous. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20193005. [PMID: 32070251 PMCID: PMC7062024 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinamous host the highest generic diversity of lice of any group of birds, as well as hosting representatives of all four avian feather louse ecomorphs. Although the generic diversity of tinamou feather lice is well documented, few attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among these lice. To test whether tinamou feather lice form a monophyletic group as a whole, we used whole-genome sequencing to estimate a higher-level phylogeny of tinamou feather lice, together with a broad diversity of other avian feather louse groups. In total, we analysed sequences from over 1000 genes for 48 genera of avian lice using both concatenated and coalescent approaches to estimate the phylogeny of this diverse group of avian feather lice. Although the body louse ecomorph of tinamou feather lice formed a monophyletic group, they did not strictly form a monophyletic group together with the other three ecomorphs of tinamou feather lice. In particular, a clade comprised of several feather louse genera, mainly from South America, is nested phylogenetically within tinamou lice, which also have their main centre of diversity in South America. These results suggest in situ radiation of these parasites in South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Virrueta Herrera
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D. Sweet
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Jason D. Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Villa SM, Altuna JC, Ruff JS, Beach AB, Mulvey LI, Poole EJ, Campbell HE, Johnson KP, Shapiro MD, Bush SE, Clayton DH. Rapid experimental evolution of reproductive isolation from a single natural population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13440-13445. [PMID: 31182608 PMCID: PMC6613143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901247116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological speciation occurs when local adaptation generates reproductive isolation as a by-product of natural selection. Although ecological speciation is a fundamental source of diversification, the mechanistic link between natural selection and reproductive isolation remains poorly understood, especially in natural populations. Here, we show that experimental evolution of parasite body size over 4 y (approximately 60 generations) leads to reproductive isolation in natural populations of feather lice on birds. When lice are transferred to pigeons of different sizes, they rapidly evolve differences in body size that are correlated with host size. These differences in size trigger mechanical mating isolation between lice that are locally adapted to the different sized hosts. Size differences among lice also influence the outcome of competition between males for access to females. Thus, body size directly mediates reproductive isolation through its influence on both intersexual compatibility and intrasexual competition. Our results confirm that divergent natural selection acting on a single phenotypic trait can cause reproductive isolation to emerge from a single natural population in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Villa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
| | - Juan C Altuna
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - James S Ruff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Andrew B Beach
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Lane I Mulvey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Erik J Poole
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Heidi E Campbell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Sarah E Bush
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Two lineages of kingfisher feather lice exhibit differing degrees of cospeciation with their hosts. Parasitology 2019; 146:1083-1095. [PMID: 31046855 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unlike most bird species, individual kingfisher species (Aves: Alcedinidae) are typically parasitized by only a single genus of louse (Alcedoffula, Alcedoecus, or Emersoniella). These louse genera are typically specific to a particular kingfisher subfamily. Specifically, Alcedoecus and Emersoniella parasitize Halcyoninae, whereas Alcedoffula parasitizes Alcedininae and Cerylinae. Although Emersoniella is geographically restricted to the Indo-Pacific region, Alcedoecus and Alcedoffula are geographically widespread. We used DNA sequences from two genes, the mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α genes, to infer phylogenies for the two geographically widespread genera of kingfisher lice, Alcedoffula and Alcedoecus. These phylogenies included 47 kingfisher lice sampled from 11 of the 19 currently recognized genera of kingfishers. We compared louse phylogenies to host phylogenies to reconstruct their cophylogenetic history. Two distinct clades occur within Alcedoffula, one that infests Alcedininae and a second that infests Cerylinae. All species of Alcedoecus were found only on host species of the subfamily Halcyoninae. Cophylogenetic analysis indicated that Alcedoecus, as well as the clade of Alcedoffula occurring on Alcedininae, do not show evidence of cospeciation. In contrast, the clade of Alcedoffula occurring on Cerylinae showed strong evidence of cospeciation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Engelstädter J, Fortuna NZ. The dynamics of preferential host switching: Host phylogeny as a key predictor of parasite distribution. Evolution 2019; 73:1330-1340. [PMID: 30847894 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasites often jump to and become established in a new host species. There is much evidence that the probability of such host shifts decreases with increasing phylogenetic distance between donor and recipient hosts, but the consequences of such preferential host switching remain little explored. We develop a computational model to investigate the dynamics of parasite host shifts in the presence of this phylogenetic distance effect. In this model, a clade of parasites evolves on an evolving clade of host species where parasites can cospeciate with their hosts, switch to new hosts, speciate within hosts or become extinct. Our model predicts that host phylogenies are major determinants of parasite distributions across trees. In particular, we predict that trees consisting of few large clades of host species and those with fast species turnover should harbor more parasites than trees with many small clades and those that diversify more slowly. Within trees, large clades are predicted to exhibit a higher fraction of infected species than small clades. We discuss our results in the light of recent cophylogenetic studies in a wide range of host-parasite systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Engelstädter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Z Fortuna
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
New records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Egyptian pigeons and doves (Columbiformes), with description of one new species. Acta Trop 2019; 190:22-27. [PMID: 30385218 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available about the chewing lice of wild birds of Egypt, including common groups such as pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). Through this work, parasitic chewing lice of common columbiformes of Egypt were revised including new data. Three species of pigeons and doves (Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky 1838, Spilopelia senegalensis Linnaeus 1766 and Columba livia Gmelin 1789) were examined for chewing lice at three different localities. A total of 124 specimens of lice were collected. Nine species were identified from these samples; one species (Columbicola joudiae n. sp.) was considered a new species to science, six species were recorded from Egypt for the first time, and two species have been identified in Egypt before. Taxonomic and ecological remarks for all identified chewing lice samples are provided along with known and local hosts, measurements and material examined. Description and images of the new species are also provided.
Collapse
|
27
|
Janiga M. Different Coevolutionary Breeding Strategies of Ischnoceran Lice onPrunella collarisandP. modularisin High Mountains. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.2.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Janiga
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, Žilina University, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-059 56 Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sweet AD, Bush SE, Gustafsson DR, Allen JM, DiBlasi E, Skeen HR, Weckstein JD, Johnson KP. Host and parasite morphology influence congruence between host and parasite phylogenies. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:641-648. [PMID: 29577890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies often show varying degrees of phylogenetic congruence. However, few studies have rigorously explored the factors driving this variation. Multiple factors such as host or parasite morphology may govern the degree of phylogenetic congruence. An ideal analysis for understanding the factors correlated with congruence would focus on a diverse host-parasite system for increased variation and statistical power. In this study, we focused on the Brueelia-complex, a diverse and widespread group of feather lice that primarily parasitise songbirds. We generated a molecular phylogeny of the lice and compared this tree with a phylogeny of their avian hosts. We also tested for the contribution of each host-parasite association to the overall congruence. The two trees overall were significantly congruent, but the contribution of individual associations to this congruence varied. To understand this variation, we developed a novel approach to test whether host, parasite or biogeographic factors were statistically associated with patterns of congruence. Both host plumage dimorphism and parasite ecomorphology were associated with patterns of congruence, whereas host body size, other plumage traits and biogeography were not. Our results lay the framework for future studies to further elucidate how these factors influence the process of host-parasite coevolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Sarah E Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel R Gustafsson
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie M Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Emily DiBlasi
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Heather R Skeen
- Field Museum of Natural History, Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; The University of Chicago, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason D Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA; Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gibson DJ, Adamowicz SJ, Jacobs SR, Smith MA. Host Specificity in Subarctic Aphids. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:77-86. [PMID: 29186477 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants and herbivorous (or parasitic) insects form the majority of macroscopic life. The specificity of interaction between host plant and parasitic insect depends on the adaptations of both the host and the parasite. Over time, these interactions evolve and change as a result of an 'arms race' between host and parasite, and the resulting species-specific adaptations may be maintained, perpetuating these interactions across speciation events. This can lead to specialisation between species or clades. With speciation and species sorting over time, complex interactions evolve. Here, we elucidate a three-tier method to test these interactions using the aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and plants of Churchill (Manitoba, Canada) as a model system. We analyzed these interactions by testing for three patterns in host specificity: monophagy, phylogenetic clustering, and cophylogeny. We defined monophagy strictly as one species feeding exclusively upon a single host plant species (an association likely driven by arms races in morphology, chemical resistance/tolerance, and visual appearance) and observed this in 7 of 22 aphid species. In all the remaining 'polyphagous' cases, there was a strong trend toward monophagy (80% of individuals were found on a single host plant species). Second, we observed two separate examples of phylogenetic clustering where groups of closely related aphid species fed upon individual plant species. Finally, we found no support for cophylogenetic relationships where both aphids and plants cospeciate to form congruent phylogenetic trees (evidence of coadaptation through an ongoing arms race). One explanation for uncovering species-specific interactions in a recently deglaciated, subarctic locality is that the species involved in the associations moved north together. Testing different levels of specificity in the most predominant species-species interactions on the planet will allow us to elucidate these patterns accurately and gives us insight into where to direct future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gibson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sarah J Adamowicz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shoshanah R Jacobs
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Alex Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sweet AD, Boyd BM, Allen JM, Villa SM, Valim MP, Rivera-Parra JL, Wilson RE, Johnson KP. Integrating phylogenomic and population genomic patterns in avian lice provides a more complete picture of parasite evolution. Evolution 2017; 72:95-112. [PMID: 29094340 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parasite diversity accounts for most of the biodiversity on earth, and is shaped by many processes (e.g., cospeciation, host switching). To identify the effects of the processes that shape parasite diversity, it is ideal to incorporate both deep (phylogenetic) and shallow (population) perspectives. To this end, we developed a novel workflow to obtain phylogenetic and population genetic data from whole genome sequences of body lice parasitizing New World ground-doves. Phylogenies from these data showed consistent, highly resolved species-level relationships for the lice. By comparing the louse and ground-dove phylogenies, we found that over long-term evolutionary scales their phylogenies were largely congruent. Many louse lineages (both species and populations) also demonstrated high host-specificity, suggesting ground-dove divergence is a primary driver of their parasites' diversity. However, the few louse taxa that are generalists are structured according to biogeography at the population level. This suggests dispersal among sympatric hosts has some effect on body louse diversity, but over deeper time scales the parasites eventually sort according to host species. Overall, our results demonstrate that multiple factors explain the patterns of diversity in this group of parasites, and that the effects of these factors can vary over different evolutionary scales. The integrative approach we employed was crucial for uncovering these patterns, and should be broadly applicable to other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Bret M Boyd
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Julie M Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Scott M Villa
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Michel P Valim
- Biotério da Universidade Iguaçu, Av. Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, RJ 26275, Brazil
| | - Jose L Rivera-Parra
- Departamento de Petroleos, Facultad de Geologia y Petroleos, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Robert E Wilson
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boyd BM, Allen JM, Nguyen NP, Sweet AD, Warnow T, Shapiro MD, Villa SM, Bush SE, Clayton DH, Johnson KP. Phylogenomics using Target-Restricted Assembly Resolves Intrageneric Relationships of Parasitic Lice (Phthiraptera: Columbicola). Syst Biol 2017; 66:896-911. [PMID: 28108601 PMCID: PMC5837638 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic "wing lice" (Phthiraptera: Columbicola) and their dove and pigeon hosts are a well-recognized model system for coevolutionary studies at the intersection of micro- and macroevolution. Selection on lice in microevolutionary time occurs as pigeons and doves defend themselves against lice by preening. In turn, behavioral and morphological adaptations of the lice improve their ability to evade host defense. Over macroevolutionary time wing lice tend to cospeciate with their hosts; yet, some species of Columbicola have switched to new host species. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence coadaptation and codiversification in this system will substantially improve our understanding of coevolution in general. However, further work is hampered by the lack of a robust phylogenetic framework for Columbicola spp. and their hosts. Previous attempts to resolve the phylogeny of Columbicola based on sequences from a few genes provided limited support. Here, we apply a new approach, target restricted assembly, to assemble 977 orthologous gene sequences from whole-genome sequence data generated from very small, ethanol-preserved specimens, representing up to 61 species of wing lice. Both concatenation and coalescent methods were used to estimate the species tree. These two approaches yielded consistent and well-supported trees with 90% of all relationships receiving 100% support, which is a substantial improvement over previous studies. We used this new phylogeny to show that biogeographic ranges are generally conserved within clades of Columbicola wing lice. Limited inconsistencies are probably attributable to intercontinental dispersal of hosts, and host switching by some of the lice. [aTRAM; coalescent; coevolution; concatenation; species tree.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyd
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Athens, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Julie M. Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nam-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew D. Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Tandy Warnow
- Departments of Computer Science and Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Scott M. Villa
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sarah E. Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dale H. Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jack CN, Friesen ML, Hintze A, Sheneman L. Third-party mutualists have contrasting effects on host invasion under the enemy-release and biotic-resistance hypotheses. Evol Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-017-9912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
European distribution for metacercariae of the North American digenean Posthodiplostomum cf. minimum centrarchi (Strigeiformes: Diplostomidae). Parasitol Int 2017. [PMID: 28645794 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metacercariae of a North American digenean Posthodiplostomum cf. minimum centrarchi (Strigeiformes: Diplostomidae), have been reported from seven localities in Europe, with cysts recorded in the mesentery and internal organs of two invasive non-indigenous fishes (Lepomis gibbosus and Micropterus salmoides) from sites in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Portugal. Analysis of rDNA locus ITS1-ITS2-28S confirmed a closer relationship to the American Posthodiplostomum species than the common European species P. cuticola or P. brevicaudatum. Our data indicate limited potential of this parasite for switch to local fish fauna and confirm the occurrence at distant sites across Europe, suggesting that birds as definitive parasite hosts may play an important role for parasite dispersal. Further detailed studies are needed to confirm the actual means of introduction to Europe.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sweet AD, Chesser RT, Johnson KP. Comparative cophylogenetics of Australian phabine pigeons and doves (Aves: Columbidae) and their feather lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:347-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Cophylogenetic analysis of New World ground-doves (Aves: Columbidae) and their parasitic wing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Columbicola). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
36
|
Birnbaum SSL, Gerardo NM. Patterns of Specificity of the Pathogen Escovopsis across the Fungus-Growing Ant Symbiosis. Am Nat 2016; 188:52-65. [PMID: 27322121 DOI: 10.1086/686911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parasites evolve within complex abiotic and biotic environments. Because of this, it is often challenging to ascertain how evolutionary and ecological processes together affect parasite specialization. Here, we use the fungus-growing ant system, which consists of ancient, likely coevolved, complex communities, to explore the ecological and evolutionary forces shaping host-parasite specificity. We use a comparative phylogenetic framework to determine whether patterns of specificity between the fungal parasite Escovopsis and its host fungi at fine phylogenetic scales reflect patterns of specificity at broader phylogenetic levels. In other words, we ask whether parasite specificity across broad host phylogenetic relationships is maintained by specificity toward more closely related hosts. We couple this exploration with manipulations of the community context within which host-parasite interactions are taking place to evaluate how community complexity alters parasite specificity. Regardless of host community complexity, parasites displayed a consistent pattern of specialization on native hosts, that is, those that they are found attacking in nature, with the potential for occasional switching to hosts distantly related to their native hosts. These results suggest that, even within a complex community context, pairwise host and parasite adaptation and coadaptation can be the primary drivers of the evolution and maintenance of parasite specificity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Douglas HD, Malenke JR. An Extraordinary Host-Specific Sex Ratio in an Avian Louse (Phthiraptera: Insecta)--Chemical Distortion? ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:1149-1154. [PMID: 26314060 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Distortions of sex ratios and sexual traits from synthetic chemicals have been well documented; however, there is little evidence for such phenomena associated with naturally occurring chemical exposures. We reasoned that chemical secretions of vertebrates could contribute to skewed sex ratios in ectoparasitic insects due to differences in susceptibility among the sexes. For example, among ectoparasitic lice the female is generally the larger sex. Smaller males may be more susceptible to chemical effects. We studied sex ratios of lice on two sympatric species of colonial seabirds. Crested auklets (Aethia cristatella) secrete a strong smelling citrus-like odorant composed of aldehydes while a closely related congener the least auklet (Aethia pusilla) lacks these compounds. Each auklet hosts three species of lice, two of which are shared in common. We found that the sex ratio of one louse species, Quadraceps aethereus (Giebel), was highly skewed on crested auklets 1:69 (males: females), yet close to unity on least auklets (1:0.97). We suggest that a host-specific effect contributes to this difference, such as the crested auklet's chemical odorant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H D Douglas
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775. Current address: Science Department, College of Rural and Community Development, Kuskokwim Campus, University of Alaska, Bethel, AK 99559.
| | - J R Malenke
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84412
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Catanach TA, Johnson KP. Independent origins of the feather lice (Insecta:Degeeriella) of raptors. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese A. Catanach
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; Champaign IL 61820 USA
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; Champaign IL 61820 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Martinů J, Sychra O, Literák I, Čapek M, Gustafsson DL, Štefka J. Host generalists and specialists emerging side by side: an analysis of evolutionary patterns in the cosmopolitan chewing louse genus Menacanthus. Int J Parasitol 2014; 45:63-73. [PMID: 25311782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasites with wide host spectra provide opportunities to study the ecological parameters of speciation, as well as the process of the evolution of host specificity. The speciose and cosmopolitan louse genus Menacanthus comprises both multi-host and specialised species, allowing exploration of the ecological and historical factors affecting the evolution of parasites using a comparative approach. We used phylogenetic analysis to reconstruct evolutionary relationships in 14 species of Menacanthus based on the sequences of one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene. The results allowed us to validate species identification based on morphology, as well as to explore host distribution by assumed generalist and specialist species. Our analyses confirmed a narrow host use for several species, however in some cases, the supposed host specialists had a wider host spectrum than anticipated. In one case a host generalist (Menacanthus eurysternus) was clustered terminally on a clade almost exclusively containing host specialists. Such a clade topology indicates that the process of host specialisation may not be irreversible in parasite evolution. Finally, we compared patterns of population genetic structure, geographic distribution and host spectra between two selected species, M. eurysternus and Menacanthus camelinus, using haplotype networks. Menacanthus camelinus showed limited geographical distribution in combination with monoxenous host use, whereas M. eurysternus showed a global distribution and lack of host specificity. It is suggested that frequent host switching maintains gene flow between M. eurysternus populations on unrelated hosts in local populations. However, gene flow between geographically distant localities was restricted, suggesting that geography rather than host-specificity is the main factor defining the global genetic diversity of M. eurysternus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Martinů
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Oldřich Sychra
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literák
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Čapek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kvetna 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Štefka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Quantifying anuran microhabitat use to infer the potential for parasite transmission between invasive cane toads and two species of Australian native frogs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106996. [PMID: 25188421 PMCID: PMC4154782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites that are carried by invasive species can infect native taxa, with devastating consequences. In Australia, invading cane toads (Rhinella marina) carry lungworm parasites (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) that (based on previous laboratory studies) can infect native treefrogs (Litoria caerulea and L. splendida). To assess the potential of parasite transmission from the invader to the native species (and from one infected native frog to another), we used surveys and radiotelemetry to quantify anuran microhabitat use, and proximity to other anurans, in two sites in tropical Australia. Unsurprisingly, treefrogs spent much of their time off the ground (especially by day, and in undisturbed forests) but terrestrial activity was common at night (especially in anthropogenically modified habitats). Microhabitat overlap between cane toads and frogs was generally low, except at night in disturbed areas, whereas overlap between the two frog species was high. The situations of highest overlap, and hence with the greatest danger of parasite transmission, involve aggregations of frogs within crevices by day, and use of open ground by all three anuran species at night. Overall, microhabitat divergence between toads and frogs should reduce, but not eliminate, the transmission of lungworms from invasive toads to vulnerable native frogs.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yamagishi A, Yao I, Johnson KP, Yoshizawa K. Comparisons of Host Specificity in Feather Louse Genera (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) Parasitizing Gulls (Aves: Laridae:Larus). Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:383-9. [DOI: 10.2108/zs130263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Susoy V, Herrmann M. Preferential host switching and codivergence shaped radiation of bark beetle symbionts, nematodes of Micoletzkya (Nematoda: Diplogastridae). J Evol Biol 2014; 27:889-98. [PMID: 24731122 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Host-symbiont systems are of particular interest to evolutionary biology because they allow testable inferences of diversification processes while also providing both a historical basis and an ecological context for studies of adaptation. Our investigations of bark beetle symbionts, predatory nematodes of the genus Micoletzkya, have revealed remarkable diversity of the group along with a high level of host specificity. Cophylogenetic analyses suggest that evolution of the nematodes was largely influenced by the evolutionary history of beetles. The diversification of the symbionts, however, could not be attributed to parallel divergence alone; our results indicate that adaptive radiation of the nematodes was shaped by preferential host shifts among closely related beetles along with codivergence. Whereas ecological and geographic isolation have played a major role in the diversification of Micoletzkya at shallow phylogenetic depths, adaptations towards related hosts have played a role in shaping cophylogenetic structure at a larger evolutionary scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Susoy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hendricks SA, Flannery ME, Spicer GS. Cophylogeny of Quill Mites from the GenusSyringophilopsis(Acari: Syringophilidae) and their North American Passerine Hosts. J Parasitol 2013; 99:827-34. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2400.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
44
|
Lootvoet A, Blanchet S, Gevrey M, Buisson L, Tudesque L, Loot G. Patterns and processes of alternative host use in a generalist parasite: insights from a natural host-parasite interaction. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Lootvoet
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR 2936; Moulis 09 200 France
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution; UMR 8079; CNRS - Université Paris-Sud - ENGREF; Bâtiment 362 Orsay cedex F-91405 France
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR 2936; Moulis 09 200 France
- CNRS; UMR 5174 EDB (Evolution et Diversité Biologique); Toulouse 31062 France
| | - Muriel Gevrey
- CNRS; UMR 5174 EDB (Evolution et Diversité Biologique); Toulouse 31062 France
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; P.O. Box 38 Solomons Maryland 20688 USA
| | - Laetitia Buisson
- CNRS; UMR 5245 EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); 118 Route de Narbonne Toulouse 31062 France
- INP, UPS, EcoLab; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse 31062 France
| | - Loïc Tudesque
- CNRS; UMR 5174 EDB (Evolution et Diversité Biologique); Toulouse 31062 France
- INP UPS EDB; Université de Toulouse; 118 Route de Narbonne Toulouse 31062 France
| | - Géraldine Loot
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR 2936; Moulis 09 200 France
- INP UPS EDB; Université de Toulouse; 118 Route de Narbonne Toulouse 31062 France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Balbuena JA, Míguez-Lozano R, Blasco-Costa I. PACo: a novel procrustes application to cophylogenetic analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61048. [PMID: 23580325 PMCID: PMC3620278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present Procrustean Approach to Cophylogeny (PACo), a novel statistical tool to test for congruence between phylogenetic trees, or between phylogenetic distance matrices of associated taxa. Unlike previous tests, PACo evaluates the dependence of one phylogeny upon the other. This makes it especially appropriate to test the classical coevolutionary model that assumes that parasites that spend part of their life in or on their hosts track the phylogeny of their hosts. The new method does not require fully resolved phylogenies and allows for multiple host-parasite associations. PACo produces a Procrustes superimposition plot enabling a graphical assessment of the fit of the parasite phylogeny onto the host phylogeny and a goodness-of-fit statistic, whose significance is established by randomization of the host-parasite association data. The contribution of each individual host-parasite association to the global fit is measured by means of jackknife estimation of their respective squared residuals and confidence intervals associated to each host-parasite link. We carried out different simulations to evaluate the performance of PACo in terms of Type I and Type II errors with respect to two similar published tests. In most instances, PACo performed at least as well as the other tests and showed higher overall statistical power. In addition, the jackknife estimation of squared residuals enabled more elaborate validations about the nature of individual links than the ParaFitLink1 test of the program ParaFit. In order to demonstrate how it can be used in real biological situations, we applied PACo to two published studies using a script written in the public-domain statistical software R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Balbuena
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Vienne DM, Refrégier G, López-Villavicencio M, Tellier A, Hood ME, Giraud T. Cospeciation vs host-shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:347-385. [PMID: 23437795 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hosts and their symbionts are involved in intimate physiological and ecological interactions. The impact of these interactions on the evolution of each partner depends on the time-scale considered. Short-term dynamics - 'coevolution' in the narrow sense - has been reviewed elsewhere. We focus here on the long-term evolutionary dynamics of cospeciation and speciation following host shifts. Whether hosts and their symbionts speciate in parallel, by cospeciation, or through host shifts, is a key issue in host-symbiont evolution. In this review, we first outline approaches to compare divergence between pairwise associated groups of species, their advantages and pitfalls. We then consider recent insights into the long-term evolution of host-parasite and host-mutualist associations by critically reviewing the literature. We show that convincing cases of cospeciation are rare (7%) and that cophylogenetic methods overestimate the occurrence of such events. Finally, we examine the relationships between short-term coevolutionary dynamics and long-term patterns of diversification in host-symbiont associations. We review theoretical and experimental studies showing that short-term dynamics can foster parasite specialization, but that these events can occur following host shifts and do not necessarily involve cospeciation. Overall, there is now substantial evidence to suggest that coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and parasites do not favor long-term cospeciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M de Vienne
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Refrégier
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR8621, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - M López-Villavicencio
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A Tellier
- Section of Population Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M E Hood
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - T Giraud
- Université Paris-Sud, Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR8079, 91405, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cuthill JH, Charleston MA. A simple model explains the dynamics of preferential host switching among mammal RNA viruses. Evolution 2013; 67:980-90. [PMID: 23550750 PMCID: PMC7202234 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies support a tendency toward preferential host switching, by parasites and pathogens, over relatively short phylogenetic distances. This suggests that a host switch is more probable if a potential host is closely related to the original host than if it is a more distant relative. However, despite its importance for the health of humans, livestock, and wildlife, the detailed dynamics of preferential host switching have, so far, been little studied. We present an empirical test of two theoretical models of preferential host switching, using observed phylogenetic distributions of host species for RNA viruses of three mammal orders (primates, carnivores, and ungulates). The analysis focuses on multihost RNA virus species, because their presence on multiple hosts and their estimated ages of origin indicate recent host switching. Approximate Bayesian computation was used to compare observed phylogenetic distances between hosts with those simulated under the theoretical models. The results support a decreasing sigmoidal model of preferential host switching, with a strong effect from increasing phylogenetic distance, on all three studied host phylogenies. This suggests that the dynamics of host switching are fundamentally similar for RNA viruses of different mammal orders and, potentially, a wider range of coevolutionary systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hoyal Cuthill
- School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lapoint R, Whiteman N. How a bird is an island. BMC Biol 2012; 10:53. [PMID: 22715854 PMCID: PMC3379931 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicate adaptive radiations occur when lineages repeatedly radiate and fill new but similar niches and converge phenotypically. While this is commonly seen in traditional island systems, it may also be present in host-parasite relationships, where hosts serve as islands. In a recent article in BMC Biology, Johnson and colleagues have produced the most extensive phylogeny of the avian lice (Ischnocera) to date, and find evidence for this pattern. This study opens the door to exploring adaptive radiations from a novel host-parasite perspective. See research article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/10/52
Collapse
|
49
|
McFrederick QS, Taylor DR. Evolutionary history of nematodes associated with sweat bees. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 66:847-56. [PMID: 23159895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organisms that live in close association with other organisms make up a large part of the world's diversity. One driver of this diversity is the evolution of host-species specificity, which can occur via reproductive isolation following a host-switch or, given the correct circumstances, via cospeciation. In this study, we explored the diversity and evolutionary history of Acrostichus nematodes that are associated with halictid bees in North America. First, we conducted surveys of bees in Virginia, and found six halictid species that host Acrostichus. To test the hypothesis of cospeciation, we constructed phylogenetic hypotheses of Acrostichus based on three genes. We found Acrostichus puri and Acrostichus halicti to be species complexes comprising cryptic, host-specific species. Although several nodes in the host and symbiont phylogenies were congruent and tests for cospeciation were significant, the host's biogeography, the apparent patchiness of the association across the host's phylogeny, and the amount of evolution in the nematode sequence suggested a mixture of cospeciation, host switching, and extinction events instead of strict cospeciation. Cospeciation can explain the relationships between Ac. puri and its augochlorine hosts, but colonization of Halictus hosts is more likely than cospeciation. The nematodes are vertically transmitted, but sexual transmission is also likely. Both of these transmission modes may explain host-species specificity and congruent bee and nematode phylogenies. Additionally, all halictid hosts come from eusocial or socially polymorphic lineages, suggesting that sociality may be a factor in the suitability of hosts for Acrostichus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn S McFrederick
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Co-phylogeography and morphological evolution of sika deer lice (Damalinia sika) with their hosts (Cervus nippon). Parasitology 2012; 139:1614-29. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182012000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|