1
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Spiller N, Chilkuri VG, DeBeer S, Neese F. Sulfur vs. Selenium as Bridging Ligand in Di‐Iron Complexes: A Theoretical Analysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Spiller
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Vijay Gopal Chilkuri
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34‐36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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2
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Kertess L, Wittkamp F, Sommer C, Esselborn J, Rüdiger O, Reijerse EJ, Hofmann E, Lubitz W, Winkler M, Happe T, Apfel UP. Chalcogenide substitution in the [2Fe] cluster of [FeFe]-hydrogenases conserves high enzymatic activity. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:16947-16958. [PMID: 29177350 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[FeFe]-Hydrogenases efficiently catalyze the uptake and evolution of H2 due to the presence of an inorganic [6Fe-6S]-cofactor (H-cluster). This cofactor is comprised of a [4Fe-4S] cluster coupled to a unique [2Fe] cluster where the catalytic turnover of H2/H+ takes place. We herein report on the synthesis of a selenium substituted [2Fe] cluster [Fe2{μ(SeCH2)2NH}(CO)4(CN)2]2- (ADSe) and its successful in vitro integration into the native protein scaffold of [FeFe]-hydrogenases HydA1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and CpI from Clostridium pasteurianum yielding fully active enzymes (HydA1-ADSe and CpI-ADSe). FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis confirmed the presence of structurally intact ADSe at the active site. Electrochemical assays reveal that the selenium containing enzymes are more biased towards hydrogen production than their native counterparts. In contrast to previous chalcogenide exchange studies, the S to Se exchange herein is not based on a simple reconstitution approach using ionic cluster constituents but on the in vitro maturation with a pre-synthesized selenium-containing [2Fe] mimic. The combination of biological and chemical methods allowed for the creation of a novel [FeFe]-hydrogenase with a [2Fe2Se]-active site which confers individual catalytic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kertess
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - F Wittkamp
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie I/Bioanorganische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - C Sommer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - J Esselborn
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - O Rüdiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - E J Reijerse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - E Hofmann
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, AG Röntgenstrukturanalyse an Proteinen, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - W Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - M Winkler
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - T Happe
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - U-P Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie I/Bioanorganische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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3
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Wittkamp F, Senger M, Stripp ST, Apfel UP. [FeFe]-Hydrogenases: recent developments and future perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5934-5942. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[FeFe]-Hydrogenases are the most efficient enzymes for catalytic hydrogen turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Wittkamp
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - M. Senger
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 1495 Berlin
- Germany
| | - S. T. Stripp
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 1495 Berlin
- Germany
| | - U.-P. Apfel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT
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4
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Noth J, Esselborn J, Güldenhaupt J, Brünje A, Sawyer A, Apfel UP, Gerwert K, Hofmann E, Winkler M, Happe T. [FeFe]-Hydrogenase with Chalcogenide Substitutions at the H-Cluster Maintains Full H2
Evolution Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Noth
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen; AG Photobiotechnologie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Julian Esselborn
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen; AG Photobiotechnologie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Jörn Güldenhaupt
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, AG Spektroskopie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Annika Brünje
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen; AG Photobiotechnologie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Anne Sawyer
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen; AG Photobiotechnologie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I/ Bioanorganische Chemie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, AG Spektroskopie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biophysik; AG Röntgenstrukturanalyse an Proteinen; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Martin Winkler
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen; AG Photobiotechnologie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- Ruhr Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen; AG Photobiotechnologie; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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5
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Noth J, Esselborn J, Güldenhaupt J, Brünje A, Sawyer A, Apfel UP, Gerwert K, Hofmann E, Winkler M, Happe T. [FeFe]-Hydrogenase with Chalcogenide Substitutions at the H-Cluster Maintains Full H2 Evolution Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8396-400. [PMID: 27214763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The [FeFe]-hydrogenase HYDA1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is particularly amenable to biochemical and biophysical characterization because the H-cluster in the active site is the only inorganic cofactor present. Herein, we present the complete chemical incorporation of the H-cluster into the HYDA1-apoprotein scaffold and, furthermore, the successful replacement of sulfur in the native [4FeH ] cluster with selenium. The crystal structure of the reconstituted pre-mature HYDA1[4Fe4Se]H protein was determined, and a catalytically intact artificial H-cluster variant was generated upon in vitro maturation. Full hydrogen evolution activity as well as native-like composition and behavior of the redesigned enzyme were verified through kinetic assays, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray structure analysis. These findings reveal that even a bioinorganic active site with exceptional complexity can exhibit a surprising level of compositional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Noth
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Esselborn
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörn Güldenhaupt
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, AG Spektroskopie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Brünje
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Sawyer
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I/ Bioanorganische Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, AG Spektroskopie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, AG Röntgenstrukturanalyse an Proteinen, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Winkler
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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6
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Rosario-Cruz Z, Chahal HK, Mike LA, Skaar EP, Boyd JM. Bacillithiol has a role in Fe-S cluster biogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2015; 98:218-42. [PMID: 26135358 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus does not produce the low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiol glutathione, but it does produce the LMW thiol bacillithiol (BSH). To better understand the roles that BSH plays in staphylococcal metabolism, we constructed and examined strains lacking BSH. Phenotypic analysis found that the BSH-deficient strains cultured either aerobically or anaerobically had growth defects that were alleviated by the addition of exogenous iron (Fe) or the amino acids leucine and isoleucine. The activities of the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-dependent enzymes LeuCD and IlvD, which are required for the biosynthesis of leucine and isoleucine, were decreased in strains lacking BSH. The BSH-deficient cells also had decreased aconitase and glutamate synthase activities, suggesting a general defect in Fe-S cluster biogenesis. The phenotypes of the BSH-deficient strains were exacerbated in strains lacking the Fe-S cluster carrier Nfu and partially suppressed by multicopy expression of either sufA or nfu, suggesting functional overlap between BSH and Fe-S carrier proteins. Biochemical analysis found that SufA bound and transferred Fe-S clusters to apo-aconitase, verifying that it serves as an Fe-S cluster carrier. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that BSH has roles in Fe homeostasis and the carriage of Fe-S clusters to apo-proteins in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuelay Rosario-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Harsimranjit K Chahal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Laura A Mike
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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7
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Cutsail GE, Telser J, Hoffman BM. Advanced paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies of iron-sulfur proteins: Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1370-94. [PMID: 25686535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advanced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies, provide unique insights into the structure, coordination chemistry, and biochemical mechanism of nature's widely distributed iron-sulfur cluster (FeS) proteins. This review describes the ENDOR and ESEEM techniques and then provides a series of case studies on their application to a wide variety of FeS proteins including ferredoxins, nitrogenase, and radical SAM enzymes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fe/S proteins: Analysis, structure, function, biogenesis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Cutsail
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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8
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Mashruwala AA, Pang YY, Rosario-Cruz Z, Chahal HK, Benson MA, Anzaldi-Mike LL, Skaar EP, Torres VJ, Nauseef WM, Boyd JM. Nfu facilitates the maturation of iron-sulfur proteins and participates in virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2015; 95:383-409. [PMID: 25388433 PMCID: PMC4428306 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition and metabolism of iron (Fe) by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is critical for disease progression. S. aureus requires Fe to synthesize inorganic cofactors called iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, which are required for functional Fe-S proteins. In this study we investigated the mechanisms utilized by S. aureus to metabolize Fe-S clusters. We identified that S. aureus utilizes the Suf biosynthetic system to synthesize Fe-S clusters and we provide genetic evidence suggesting that the sufU and sufB gene products are essential. Additional biochemical and genetic analyses identified Nfu as an Fe-S cluster carrier, which aids in the maturation of Fe-S proteins. We find that deletion of the nfu gene negatively impacts staphylococcal physiology and pathogenicity. A nfu mutant accumulates both increased intracellular non-incorporated Fe and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in DNA damage. In addition, a strain lacking Nfu is sensitive to exogenously supplied ROS and reactive nitrogen species. Congruous with ex vivo findings, a nfu mutant strain is more susceptible to oxidative killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and displays decreased tissue colonization in a murine model of infection. We conclude that Nfu is necessary for staphylococcal pathogenesis and establish Fe-S cluster metabolism as an attractive antimicrobial target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya A. Mashruwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Yun Y. Pang
- Inflammation Program and Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Zuelay Rosario-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Harsimranjit K. Chahal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Meredith A. Benson
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Laura L. Anzaldi-Mike
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - William M. Nauseef
- Inflammation Program and Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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9
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Hallenbeck PC, George GN, Prince RC, Thorneley RNF. Characterization of a modified nitrogenase Fe protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae in which the 4Fe4S cluster has been replaced by a 4Fe4Se cluster. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:673-82. [PMID: 19234722 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Azotobacter vinelandii nifS gene product has been used with selenocysteine to reconstitute Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase Fe protein. Chemical analysis and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy show that the 4Fe4S cluster present in the native protein is replaced by a 4Fe4Se cluster. As well, EXAFS spectroscopy shows that the bond lengths to the cysteine thiolate ligands shrink by 0.05 A (from 2.28 to 2.23 A) upon reduction, whereas the Fe-Fe distance is essentially unchanged. Thus, the core of the 4Fe4Se cluster remains essentially static on reduction, whilst the external cysteine thiolate ligands are pulled in towards the cluster. Compared with native (S)-Fe protein, the (Se)-Fe protein has a 20-fold increased rate of MgATP-induced Fe chelation, a sixfold decreased specific activity for acetylene reduction, a fivefold decreased rate of MgATP-dependent electron transfer from (Se)-Fe protein to MoFe protein, and a fourfold increase in the ATP to 2e (-) ratio. The high ATP to 2e (-) ratio and decreased specific activity are consistent with a lower rate of dissociation of oxidized (Se)-Fe protein from reduced MoFe protein. Thus, the relatively small adjustments in the Fe protein structure necessary to accommodate the 4Fe4Se cluster are transmitted both to adjacent residues that dock at the surface of the MoFe protein and to the ATP hydrolysis sites located approximately 19 A away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Clark Hallenbeck
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Gunsalus IC, Marshall VP, Ribbons DW. Monoterpene Dissimilation: Chemical and Genetic Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10408417109104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Polynuclear complexes of iron and their biological implications. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0118856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Gunsalus IC, Sligar SG. Oxygen reduction by the P450 monoxygenase systems. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 47:1-44. [PMID: 364937 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122921.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Buchanan BB, Arnon DI. Ferredoxins: chemistry and function in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and fermentative metabolism. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 33:119-76. [PMID: 4393906 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122785.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Stadtman TC. Some selenium-dependent biochemical processes. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 48:1-28. [PMID: 367102 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122938.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Beinert H. EPR on the P450cam system in the late 1960s with Gunny and his gang: insights concerning the structure of Fe-S proteins and the spin states of P450. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312:45-7. [PMID: 14630015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Beinert
- InCollege of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53726-4087, USA.
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16
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Breton JL, Farrar JA, Kennedy MC, Beinert H, Thomson AJ. Magnetic circular dichroism study of the selenium-substituted form (Fe3Se4) of bovine heart aconitase. Biochem J 1995; 311 ( Pt 1):197-202. [PMID: 7575454 PMCID: PMC1136138 DOI: 10.1042/bj3110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The selenium-substituted inactive form of mitochondrial aconitase contains one [3Fe-4Se]1+/0 cluster [Surerus, Kennedy, Beinert and Münck (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 9846-9850]. This cluster was studied in both oxidized and reduced states by magnetic CD (MCD) and EPR spectroscopy. In the MCD spectra, intensity and transition wavelength shifts are observed when compared with the spectra of the native [3Fe-4S]1+/0 cluster. These changes are used to differentiate between the charge-transfer transitions originating from inorganic and cysteinyl sulphur. Using also the data from the EPR spectra, the spin ground state is assigned as S = 1/2 for the oxidized [3Fe-4Se]1+ cluster and S = 2 for the reduced [3Fe-4Se]0 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Breton
- Centre for Metalloprotein Spectroscopy and Biology, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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17
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These are the Moments when we Live! From Thunberg Tubes and Manometry to Phone, Fax and Fedex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-81942-0.50012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Gladyshev VN, Khangulov SV, Stadtman TC. Nicotinic acid hydroxylase from Clostridium barkeri: electron paramagnetic resonance studies show that selenium is coordinated with molybdenum in the catalytically active selenium-dependent enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:232-6. [PMID: 8278371 PMCID: PMC42921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.1.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid hydroxylase from Clostridium barkeri contains selenium in an unidentified form that is dissociated as a low molecular weight compound upon denaturation of the enzyme. Other cofactors of this enzyme are molybdopterin, FAD, and iron-sulfur clusters. In the current study, we show that the enzyme, as isolated, exhibits a stable Mo(V) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal ("resting" signal) and that this signal is correlated with the selenium content and nicotinate hydroxylase activity of the enzyme. Substitution of 77Se for normal selenium isotope abundance results in splitting of the Mo(V) EPR signal of the native protein without affecting the iron signals of the FeS clusters. The Mo(V) EPR signal and nicotinic acid hydroxylase activity of enzyme isolated from cells grown in selenium-deficient medium are barely detectable. In contrast, the EPR signals of the FeS clusters, the electronic absorption spectrum, the NADPH oxidase activity, and the chromatographic behavior are changed little and are typical of active selenium-containing enzyme. An EPR signal indicative of the presence of molybdenum in the selenium-deficient enzyme also is exhibited. From these results, we conclude that a dissociable selenium moiety is coordinated directly with molybdenum in the molybdopterin cofactor and, moreover, this selenium is essential for nicotinic acid hydroxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Gladyshev
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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19
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Meyer J, Moulis JM, Gaillard J, Lutz M. Replacement Of Sulfur By Selenium In Iron—Sulfur Proteins. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beinert H, Kennedy MC. 19th Sir Hans Krebs lecture. Engineering of protein bound iron-sulfur clusters. A tool for the study of protein and cluster chemistry and mechanism of iron-sulfur enzymes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 186:5-15. [PMID: 2598939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are found in which the Fe-S cluster is not involved in net electron transfer, as it is in the majority of Fe-S proteins. Most of the former are (de)hydratases, of which the most extensively studied is aconitase. Approaches are described and discussed by which the Fe-S cluster of this enzyme could be brought into states of different structure, ligation, oxidation and isotope composition. The species, so obtained, provided the basis for spectroscopic and chemical investigations. Results from studies by protein chemistry, EPR, Mössbauer, 1H, 2H and 57Fe electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy are described. Conclusions, which bear on the electronic structure of the Fe-S cluster, enzyme-substrate interaction and the enzymatic mechanism, were derived from a synopsis of the recent work described here and of previous contributions from several laboratories. These conclusions are discussed and summarized in a final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Beinert
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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He SH, Teixeira M, LeGall J, Patil DS, Moura I, Moura JJ, DerVartanian DV, Huynh BH, Peck HD. EPR studies with 77Se-enriched (NiFeSe) hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio baculatus. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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ALBRACHT S. Application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in the Study of Iron–Sulfur Clusters in Energy-Transducing Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152513-2.50009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Luthra N, Costello R, Odom J, Dunlap R. Demonstration of the feasibility of observing nuclear magnetic resonance signals of 77Se covalently attached to proteins. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Carter K, Rawlings J, Orme-Johnson W, Becker R, Evans H. Purification and characterization of a ferredoxin from Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Williams-Smith DL, Wyard SJ. Electron spin resonance in medicinal chemistry. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1975; 12:191-245. [PMID: 181788 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The application of magnetic resonance techniques to biological systems has permitted a detailed study of the nature of the active sites of many proteins that had not been possible previously. Among these is the whole class of iron—sulphur proteins which have been implicated as electron transport proteins in a variety of fundamental processes: photosynthesis, hydroxylation and nitrogen fixation to name but a few.The single-iron proteins in this class, the rubredoxins, have been studied extensively by chemical, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic techniques (Lovenberg, 1973), and the active site is composed of a single iron atom bound in a distorted tetrahedron of cysteine sulphur ligands. The iron is high-spin ferric in the oxidized state and high-spin ferrous in the reduced state. This structure is shown in Fig. I (α).
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Abstract
The toxicity of selenium to animals and plants has been known and extensively documented since the 1930's, but it is only during the past 15 years that selenium has also been shown to be an essential micronutrient for animals and bacteria. Very little is known about the specific role or roles of selenium and, to date, there are only three enzyme-catalyzed reactions that have been shown to require the participation of a selenium-containing protein. These are the reactions catalyzed by (i) formate dehydrogenase of bacteria, (ii) glycine reductase of clostridia, and (iii) glutathione peroxidase of erythrocytes. The common denominator of these selenium-dependent processes is that they are all oxidation-reduction reactions. A fourth selenoprotein has been isolated from skeletal muscle of sheep but its catalytic function has not been identified. The form in which selenium occurs in these selenoproteins is unknown. The selenoprotein of clostridial glycine reductase contains selenium in a covalently bound form. Studies in progress indicate that this may be an organoselenium compound not previously detected in nature. Identification of the chemical nature of selenium in proteins participating in electron transport processes should enable us to determine its specific role and to understand the basic defects in certain cardiac and skeletal muscle degenerative diseases which are selenium-deficiency syndromes. The greater availability and ease of isolation of the selenoprotein of the bacterial glycine reductase system makes this the biological material of choice for studies on the mechanism of action of selenium. An added attractive feature of this system is that it can conserve the energy made available by the reductive deamination of glycine in a biologically useful form by synthesizing ATP.
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Caygill CP, Diplock AT. The dependence on dietary selenium and vitamin E of oxidant-labile liver microsomal non-haem iron. FEBS Lett 1973; 33:172-6. [PMID: 4729479 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cammack R, Rao KK, Hall DO, Johnson CE. Mössbauer studies of adrenodoxin. The mechanism of electron transfer in a hydroxylase iron-sulphur protein. Biochem J 1971; 125:849-56. [PMID: 4336161 PMCID: PMC1178190 DOI: 10.1042/bj1250849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Mössbauer spectra were measured of adrenodoxin purified from porcine adrenal glands. They show similarities to the spectra of the plant ferredoxins. All of these proteins contain two atoms of iron and two of inorganic sulphide per molecule, and on reduction accept one electron. 2. As with the plant ferredoxins the adrenodoxin for these measurements was enriched with (57)Fe by reconstitution of the apo-protein, and subsequently was carefully purified and checked by a number of methods to ensure that it was in the same conformation as the native protein and contained no extraneous iron. 3. The Mössbauer spectra of oxidized adrenodoxin at temperatures from 4.2 degrees K to 197 degrees K show that the iron atoms are probably high-spin Fe(3+), and in similar environments, and experience little or no magnetic field from the electrons. 4. Mössbauer spectra of reduced adrenodoxin showed magnetic hyperfine structure at all temperatures from 1.7 degrees K to 244 degrees K, in contrast with the reduced plant ferredoxins, which showed it only at lower temperatures. This is a consequence of a longer electron-spin relaxation time in reduced adrenodoxin. 5. At 4.2 degrees K in a small magnetic field the spectrum of reduced adrenodoxin shows a sixline Zeeman pattern due to Fe(3+) superimposed upon a combined magnetic and quadrupole spectrum due to Fe(2+). 6. In a large magnetic field (30kG) each hyperfine pattern is further split into two. Analysis of these spectra at 4.2 degrees K and 1.7 degrees K shows that the effective fields at the Fe(3+) and Fe(2+) nuclei are in opposite directions. This agrees with the proposal, first made for the ferredoxins, that the iron atoms are antiferromagnetically coupled. 7. In accord with the model for the ferredoxins, it is proposed that the oxidized adrenodoxin contains two high-spin Fe(3+) atoms which are antiferromagnetically coupled; on reduction one iron atom becomes high-spin Fe(2+).
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Misra HP, Fridovich I. The Generation of Superoxide Radical during the Autoxidation of Ferredoxins. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Loew GH, Steinberg DA. Molecular orbital calculations of the active site complex of two iron ferredoxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00530234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Böger P. [Ferredoxin from Bumilleriopsis filiformis Vischer]. PLANTA 1970; 92:105-128. [PMID: 24500180 DOI: 10.1007/bf00385204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/1970] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin from the alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis Vischer (Xanthophyceae) is characterized by comparing some of its properties with spinach ferredoxin.It is similar to the known plant ferredoxins in the following points: a) Absorption spectrum. b) Molecular weight. c) Amino acid composition (approx. 100 amino acid residues). d) Uptake of 1 electron upon complete reduction and a 50 per cent decrease of the optical density at 420 nm. e) 2 non-heme iron atoms per molecule, which do not exchange with an iron isotope. f) SH-groups of the native protein do not react with DTNB. Bumilleriopsis ferredoxin differs from known plant ferredoxins in the following points: a) Greater stability towards atmospheric oxygen when gently heated. b) Only 1 detectable acid-labile sulfur atom per molecule. c) Dialysis against EDTA: by this procedure a part of the iron but none of the acid-labile sulfur is removed. With spinach ferredoxin a part of both elements is removed simultaneously. d) Greater reactivity with ferredoxin-NADP reductase from Bumilleriopsis than with that from spinach. With spinach ferredoxin no substantial difference between the reaction rates of the two reductases is observed (see Böger, 1969 b). The results may indicate an active center in Bumilleriopsis ferredoxin consisting of 1 atom iron and 1 atom acid-labile sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Böger
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
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Arnon DI. Role of ferredoxin in photosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1969; 56:295-305. [PMID: 4391254 DOI: 10.1007/bf00602160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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