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Qiao Y, Huang Q, Guo H, Qi M, Zhang H, Xu Q, Shen Q, Ling N. Nutrient status changes bacterial interactions in a synthetic community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0156623. [PMID: 38126758 PMCID: PMC10807438 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01566-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions affect community stability and niche spaces in all ecosystems. However, it is not clear what factors influence these interactions, leading to changes in species fitness and ecological niches. Here, we utilized 16 monocultures and their corresponding pairwise co-cultures to measure niche changes among 16 cultivable bacterial species in a wide range of carbon sources, and we used resource availability as a parameter to alter the interactions of the synthetic bacterial community. Our results suggest that metabolic similarity drives niche deformation between bacterial species. We further found that resource limitation resulted in increased microbial inhibition and more negative interactions. At high resource availability, bacteria exhibited little inhibitory potential and stronger facilitation (in 71% of cases), promoting niche expansion. Overall, our results show that metabolic similarity induces different degrees of resource competition, altering pairwise interactions within the synthetic community and potentially modulating bacterial niches. This framework may lay the basis for understanding complex niche deformation and microbial interactions as modulated by metabolic similarity and resource availability.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the intricate dynamics of microbial interactions is crucial for unraveling the stability and ecological roles of diverse ecosystems. However, the factors driving these interactions, leading to shifts in species fitness and ecological niches, remain inadequately explored. We demonstrate that metabolic similarity serves as a key driver of niche deformation between bacterial species. Resource availability emerges as a pivotal parameter, affecting interactions within the community. Our findings reveal heightened microbial inhibition and more negative interactions under resource-limited conditions. The prevalent facilitation is observed under conditions of high resource availability, underscoring the potential for niche expansion in such contexts. These findings emphasize that metabolic similarity induces varying degrees of resource competition, thereby altering pairwise interactions within the synthetic community and potentially modulating bacterial niches. Our workflow has broad implications for understanding the roles of metabolic similarity and resource availability in microbial interactions and for designing synthetic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Qiao
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyue Guo
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijie Qi
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qicheng Xu
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Patterson CW, Drury JP. Interspecific behavioural interference and range dynamics: current insights and future directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2012-2027. [PMID: 37364865 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel biotic interactions in shifting communities play a key role in determining the ability of species' ranges to track suitable habitat. To date, the impact of biotic interactions on range dynamics have predominantly been studied in the context of interactions between different trophic levels or, to a lesser extent, exploitative competition between species of the same trophic level. Yet, both theory and a growing number of empirical studies show that interspecific behavioural interference, such as interspecific territorial and mating interactions, can slow down range expansions, preclude coexistence, or drive local extinction, even in the absence of resource competition. We conducted a systematic review of the current empirical research into the consequences of interspecific behavioural interference on range dynamics. Our findings demonstrate there is abundant evidence that behavioural interference by one species can impact the spatial distribution of another. Furthermore, we identify several gaps where more empirical work is needed to test predictions from theory robustly. Finally, we outline several avenues for future research, providing suggestions for how interspecific behavioural interference could be incorporated into existing scientific frameworks for understanding how biotic interactions influence range expansions, such as species distribution models, to build a stronger understanding of the potential consequences of behavioural interference on the outcome of future range dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan P Drury
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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3
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Warret Rodrigues C, Roth JD. Coexistence of two sympatric predators in a transitional ecosystem under constraining environmental conditions: a perspective from space and habitat use. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37784160 PMCID: PMC10544556 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Range expansion of species, a major consequence of climate changes, may alter communities substantially due to competition between expanding and native species. METHODS We first quantified size differences between an expanding habitat generalist, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and a circumpolar habitat specialist, the Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), at the edge of the Arctic, where climate-related changes occur rapidly, to predict the likelihood of the larger competitor escalating interference to intraguild killing. We then used satellite telemetry to evaluate competition in a heterogeneous landscape by examining space use early during the foxes' reproductive period, when resource scarcity, increased-food requirements and spatial constraints likely exacerbate the potential for interference. We used time-LoCoH to quantify space and habitat use, and Minta's index to quantify spatio-temporal interactions between neighbors. RESULTS Our morphometric comparison involving 236 foxes found that the potential for escalated interference between these species was high due to intermediate size difference. However, our results from 17 collared foxes suggested that expanding and native competitors may coexist when expanding species occur at low densities. Low home-range overlap between neighbors suggested territoriality and substantial exploitation competition for space. No obvious differential use of areas shared by heterospecific neighbors suggested low interference. If anything, intraspecific competition between red foxes may be stronger than interspecific competition. Red and Arctic foxes used habitat differentially, with near-exclusive use of forest patches by red foxes and marine habitats by Arctic foxes. CONCLUSION Heterogeneous landscapes may relax interspecific competition between expanding and native species, allowing exclusive use of some resources. Furthermore, the scarcity of habitats favored by expanding species may emphasize intraspecific competition between newcomers over interspecific competition, thus creating the potential for self-limitation of expanding populations. Dominant expanding competitors may benefit from interference, but usually lack adaptations to abiotic conditions at their expansion front, favoring rear-edge subordinate species in exploitation competition. However, due to ongoing climate change, systems are usually not at equilibrium. A spread of habitats and resources favorable to expanding species may promote higher densities of antagonistically dominant newcomers, which may lead to extirpation of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Warret Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - James D Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Gupte PR, Netz C, Weissing FJ. The Joint Evolution of Animal Movement and Competition Strategies. Am Nat 2023; 202:E65-E82. [PMID: 37606946 DOI: 10.1086/725394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCompetition typically takes place in a spatial context, but eco-evolutionary models rarely address the joint evolution of movement and competition strategies. Here we investigate a spatially explicit forager-kleptoparasite model where consumers can either forage on a heterogeneous resource landscape or steal resource items from conspecifics (kleptoparasitism). We consider three scenarios: (1) foragers without kleptoparasites, (2) consumers specializing as foragers or as kleptoparasites, and (3) consumers that can switch between foraging and kleptoparasitism depending on local conditions. We model movement strategies as individual-specific combinations of preferences for environmental cues, similar to step-selection coefficients. Using mechanistic, individual-based simulations, we study the joint evolution of movement and competition strategies, and we investigate the implications for the distribution of consumers over this landscape. Movement and competition strategies evolve rapidly and consistently across scenarios, with marked differences among scenarios, leading to differences in resource exploitation patterns. In scenario 1, foragers evolve considerable individual variation in movement strategies, while in scenario 2, movement strategies show a swift divergence between foragers and kleptoparasites. In scenario 3, where individuals' competition strategies are conditional on local cues, movement strategies facilitate kleptoparasitism, and individual consistency in competition strategy also emerges. Even in the absence of kleptoparasitism (scenario 1), the distribution of consumers deviates considerably from predictions of ideal free distribution models because of the intrinsic difficulty of moving effectively on a depleted resource landscape with few reliable cues. Our study emphasizes the advantages of a mechanistic approach when studying competition in a spatial context and suggests how evolutionary modeling can be integrated with current work in animal movement ecology.
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5
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Smith MM, Erb JD, Pauli JN. Reciprocated competition between two forest carnivores drives dietary specialization. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:1695-1706. [PMID: 37282830 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Competition shapes animal communities, but the strength of the interaction varies spatially depending on the availability and aggregation of resources and competitors. Among carnivores, competition is particularly pronounced with the strongest interactions between similar species with intermediate differences in body size. While ecologists have emphasized interference competition among carnivores based on dominance hierarchies from body size (smaller = subordinate; larger = dominant), the reciprocity of exploitative competition from subordinate species has been overlooked even though efficient exploitation can limit resource availability and influence foraging. Across North America, fishers Pekania pennanti and martens (Martes spp.) are two phylogenetically related forest carnivores that exhibit a high degree of overlap in habitat use and diet and differ in body size by a factor of 2-5×, eliciting particularly strong interspecific competition. In the Great Lakes region, fishers and martens occur both allopatrically and sympatrically; where they co-occur, the numerically dominant species varies spatially. This natural variation in competitors and environmental conditions enables comparisons to understand how interference and exploitative competition alter dietary niche overlap and foraging strategies. We analysed stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) from 317 martens and 132 fishers, as well as dietary items (n = 629) from 20 different genera, to compare niche size and overlap. We then quantified individual diet specialization and modelled the response to environmental conditions that were hypothesized to influence individual foraging. Martens and fishers exhibited high overlap in both available and core isotopic δ-space, but no overlap of core dietary proportions. When the competitor was absent or rare, both martens and fishers consumed more smaller-bodied prey. Notably, the dominant fisher switched from being a specialist of larger to smaller prey in the absence of the subordinate marten. Environmental context also influenced dietary specialization: increasing land cover diversity and prey abundance reduced specialization in martens whereas vegetation productivity increased specialization for both martens and fishers. Despite an important dominance hierarchy, fishers adjusted their niche in the face of a subordinate, but superior, exploitative competitor. These findings highlight the underappreciated role of the subordinate competitor in shaping the dietary niche of a dominant competitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Smith
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John D Erb
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Travers-Cook TJ, Jokela J, Buser CC. The evolutionary ecology of fungal killer phenotypes. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231108. [PMID: 37583325 PMCID: PMC10427833 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological interactions influence evolutionary dynamics by selecting upon fitness variation within species. Antagonistic interactions often promote genetic and species diversity, despite the inherently suppressive effect they can have on the species experiencing them. A central aim of evolutionary ecology is to understand how diversity is maintained in systems experiencing antagonism. In this review, we address how certain single-celled and dimorphic fungi have evolved allelopathic killer phenotypes that engage in antagonistic interactions. We discuss the evolutionary pathways to the production of lethal toxins, the functions of killer phenotypes and the consequences of competition for toxin producers, their competitors and toxin-encoding endosymbionts. Killer phenotypes are powerful models because many appear to have evolved independently, enabling across-phylogeny comparisons of the origins, functions and consequences of allelopathic antagonism. Killer phenotypes can eliminate host competitors and influence evolutionary dynamics, yet the evolutionary ecology of killer phenotypes remains largely unknown. We discuss what is known and what remains to be ascertained about killer phenotype ecology and evolution, while bringing their model system properties to the reader's attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Travers-Cook
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudia C. Buser
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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7
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Rosa G, Salvidio S, Costa A. Disentangling Exploitative and Interference Competition on Forest Dwelling Salamanders. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2003. [PMID: 37370513 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploitative competition and interference competition differ in the way access to resources is modulated by a competitor. Exploitative competition implies resource depletion and usually produces spatial segregation, while interference competition is independent from resource availability and can result in temporal niche partitioning. Our aim is to infer the presence of spatial or temporal niche partitioning on a two-species system of terrestrial salamanders in Northern Italy: Speleomantes strinatii and Salamandrina perspicillata. We conducted 3 repeated surveys on 26 plots in spring 2018, on a sampling site where both species are present. We modelled count data with N-mixture models accounting for directional interactions on both abundance and detection process. In this way we were able to disentangle the effect of competitive interaction on the spatial scale, i.e., local abundance, and from the temporal scale, i.e., surface activity. We found strong evidence supporting the presence of temporal niche partitioning, consistent with interference competition. At the same time, no evidence of spatial segregation has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rosa
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Salvidio
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Costa
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16126 Genova, Italy
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8
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Moizan A, Warret Rodrigues C, Roth JD. Different selection criteria may relax competition for denning sites between expanding red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and endemic Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) on the low-Arctic tundra. Polar Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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9
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Garabedian JE, Cox KJ, Vukovich M, Kilgo JC. Co‐occurrence of native white‐tailed deer and invasive wild pigs: Evidence for competition? Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Garabedian
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - Kyle J. Cox
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
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10
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Scharf I, Ruxton GD. Shadow competition: its definition, prevalence, causes and measurement. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inon Scharf
- School of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv Univ. Tel Aviv Israel
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11
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Lindenmayer DB, Blanchard W, Evans MJ, Beggs R, Lavery T, Florance D, Crane C, Smith D, Siegrist A, Lang E, Scheele BC. Context dependency in interference competition among birds in an endangered woodland ecosystem. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. B. Lindenmayer
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - W. Blanchard
- Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - M. J. Evans
- Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - R. Beggs
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - T. Lavery
- Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - D. Florance
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - C. Crane
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - D. Smith
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - A. Siegrist
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - E. Lang
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - B. C. Scheele
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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12
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Ferreira TCDS, Arcifa MS. Competition and the life table of cladocerans from a tropical shallow lake. AUSTRAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Khan P, Eliuk L, Frey S, Bone C, Fisher JT. Shifts in diel activity of Rocky Mountain mammal communities in response to anthropogenic disturbance and sympatric invasive white-tailed deer. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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14
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Vipin, Golla TR, Sharma V, Bheemavarapu Kesav Kumar, Gaur A. Kleptoparasitic interaction between Snow Leopard Panthera uncia and Red Fox Vulpes vulpes suggested by circumstantial evidence in Pin Valley National Park, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2022. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7793.14.10.21928-21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we describe an interspecific kleptoparasitic interaction between two sympatric mammalian carnivores in the high altitudinal Trans-Himalaya region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was based on the inferences drawn from the circumstantial evidence (direct and indirect) noticed in the study area in Pin Valley National Park. The inferences from the analysis of the evidence suggested the interaction between a Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, and a donkey. The arrangement of evidence in a sequential manner suggested that a donkey was killed by a Snow Leopard and a Red Fox stole the food from the carrion of the Snow Leopard’s prey. The Red Fox was killed by the Snow Leopard, which was caught while stealing. The present study represents an example of kleptoparasitic interaction between the Snow Leopard and the Red Fox. This study also proves that such interactions may cost the life of a kleptoparasite and supports the retaliation behaviour of Snow Leopards.
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Payo-Payo A, Igual JM, Sanz-Aguilar A, Real E, Genovart M, Oro D, Tavecchia G. Interspecific synchrony on breeding performance and the role of anthropogenic food subsidies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275569. [PMID: 36223369 PMCID: PMC9555664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrony can have important consequences for long-term metapopulations persistence, community dynamics and ecosystems functioning. While the causes and consequences of intra-specific synchrony on population size and demographic rates have received considerable attention only a few factors that may affect inter-specific synchrony have been described. We formulate the hypothesis that food subsidies can buffer the influence of environmental stochasticity on community dynamics, disrupting and masking originally synchronized systems. To illustrate this hypothesis, we assessed the consequences of European policies implementation affecting subsidy availability on the temporal synchrony of egg volume as a proxy of breeding investment in two sympatric marine top predators with differential subsidy use. We show how 7-year synchrony appears on egg volume fluctuations after subsidy cessation suggesting that food subsidies could disrupt interspecific synchrony. Moreover, cross correlation increased after subsidy cessation and environmental buffering seems to act during synchronization period. We emphasize that subsidies dynamics and waste management provide novel insights on the emergence of synchrony in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Payo-Payo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - José-Manuel Igual
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Ana Sanz-Aguilar
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Applied Zoology and Conservation Group, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Enric Real
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanográfico de Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Oro
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- CEAB (CSIC), Blanes, Spain
| | - Giacomo Tavecchia
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
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Sallee DW, McMillan BR, Hersey KR, Petersen SL, Larsen RT. Influence of interspecific competition on mule deer birthing and rearing site selection. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Sallee
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University 4105 Life Sciences Building Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Brock R. McMillan
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University 4105 Life Sciences Building Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Kent R. Hersey
- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources 1594 W North Temple Street, Suite 2110 Salt Lake City UT 84114 USA
| | - Steven L. Petersen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University 4105 Life Sciences Building Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Randy T. Larsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University 4105 Life Sciences Building Provo UT 84602 USA
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17
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Grether GF, Okamoto KW. Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of interference competition. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2167-2176. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F. Grether
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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18
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Bizarria R, de Castro Pietrobon T, Rodrigues A. Uncovering the Yeast Communities in Fungus-Growing Ant Colonies. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02099-1. [PMID: 35962280 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are compelling models to study the evolution, ecology, and diversification of yeasts. Fungus-growing (attine) ants are prominent insects in the Neotropics that evolved an ancient fungiculture of basidiomycete fungi over 55-65 million years, supplying an environment for a hidden yeast diversity. Here we assessed the yeast diversity in the attine ant environment by thoroughly sampling fungus gardens across four out of five ant fungiculture systems: Acromyrmex coronatus and Mycetomoellerius tucumanus standing for leaf-cutting and higher-attine fungicultures, respectively; Apterostigma sp., Mycetophylax sp., and Mycocepurus goeldii as ants from the lower-attine fungiculture. Among the fungus gardens of all fungus-growing ants examined, we found taxonomically unique and diverse microbial yeast communities across the different fungicultures. Ascomycete yeasts were the core taxa in fungus garden samples, with Saccharomycetales as the most frequent order. The genera Aureobasidium, Candida, Papiliotrema, Starmerella, and Sugiyamaella had the highest incidence in fungus gardens. Despite the expected similarity within the same fungiculture system, colonies of the same ant species differed in community structure. Among Saccharomycotina yeasts, few were distinguishable as killer yeasts, with a classical inhibition pattern for the killer phenotype, differing from earlier observations in this environment, which should be further investigated. Yeast mycobiome in fungus gardens is distinct between colonies of the same fungiculture and each ant colony harbors a distinguished and unique yeast community. Fungus gardens of attine ants are emergent environments to study the diversity and ecology of yeasts associated with insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Bizarria
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane de Castro Pietrobon
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil.
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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19
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McGregor J, Field J, McLean C, Beranek C, Gould J. Observations of interference competition between the introduced black rat and native marsupial gliders in Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jess McGregor
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Jed Field
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Chris McLean
- Specialist Research Services Gosford New South Wales Australia
| | - Chad Beranek
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - John Gould
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
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20
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Frey S, Tejero D, Baillie‐David K, Burton AC, Fisher JT. Predator control alters wolf interactions with prey and competitor species over the diel cycle. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Frey
- School of Environmental Studies, Univ. of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
| | - Daniel Tejero
- Univ. de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | | | - A. Cole Burton
- Dept of Forest Resources Management, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jason T. Fisher
- School of Environmental Studies, Univ. of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
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21
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Brivio F, Ciuti S, Pipia A, Grignolio S, Apollonio M. Livestock displace European mouflon from optimal foraging sites. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe conflict between free-ranging livestock and wildlife is a serious conservation concern across rural communities worldwide. Livestock may affect wild herbivores via direct competition for resources due to spatial and diet overlap or via behavioural interference. It is imperative that we disentangle the effects of livestock on wildlife behaviour to obtain an empirical basis able to stir management and conservation decisions. Here, we studied the effect of livestock presence on the habitat selection in a free-ranging European mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) population in Sardinia, where the species is under strict protection. We collected spatial data on mouflon and livestock during two consecutive years to investigate whether the mouflon selection of key feeding grassland sites was negatively impacted by the livestock presence. We found that mouflon preferably selected grassland, and its selection significantly increased when grass was of better quality (greener). We showed that livestock presence led to the displacement of mouflon from such preferred feeding sites, an effect clearly exacerbated by livestock proximity. We indeed found that the selection of grassland by mouflon dropped significantly when the distance between livestock and mouflon was below ~ 650 m, providing a useful management threshold indication. Livestock presence in close proximity displaced mouflon to sub-optimal habitat, and its effects may have negative impact on the population dynamic of this species which is already characterized by low female productivity within harsh Mediterranean environment. Our results give clear management indications aimed at better managing livestock grazing within natural areas to ultimately improve wildlife conservation.
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22
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Ladent E, Leriche A, Thomas B, Millon A. Weak evidence of spatial segregation between the vulnerable southern water vole ( Arvicola sapidus) and the two main invasive mammals of European freshwater ecosystems. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1935583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ladent
- Groupe Mammalogique Normand, Épaignes, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Agathe Leriche
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Alexandre Millon
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
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23
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Deatherage NA, Cypher BL, Westall TL, Kelly EC. Spatiotemporal Patterns of San Joaquin Kit Foxes and an Urban Canid Guild. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2022. [DOI: 10.3398/064.082.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Deatherage
- Endangered Species Recovery Program, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA 95382
| | - Brian L. Cypher
- Endangered Species Recovery Program, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA 95382
| | - Tory L. Westall
- Endangered Species Recovery Program, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA 95382
| | - Erica C. Kelly
- Endangered Species Recovery Program, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA 95382
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24
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Gracanin A, Mikac KM. Camera traps reveal overlap and seasonal variation in the diel activity of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur study aimed to investigate seasonal variation in the activity of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals and investigate their overlap in temporal activity, as well temporal shifts in activity because of behavioural interference. In our camera trapping study in a fragmented landscape in south-eastern Australia, a total of ten arboreal and semi-arboreal species were found, with 35,671 independent observations recorded over 6517 camera trap nights. All species were found to be nocturnal; however, a notable number of daytime observations were made for several species (i.e. brown antechinus, Antechinus stuartii; sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps; bush rat, Rattus fuscipes; brown rat, Rattus norvegicus). Seasonal variations in diel activity were observed through an increase in crepuscular activity in spring and summer for antechinus, sugar gliders, brown rats, brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula and ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Diel activity overlap between species was high, that is 26/28 species comparisons had overlap coefficients (Δ) > 0.75. The species pair with the least amount of overlap was between southern bobucks, Trichosurus cunninghami and brown antechinus (Δ4 = 0.66). The species pair with the most overlap was between the native sugar glider and introduced brown rat (Δ4 = 0.93). When comparing the activity of sugar gliders in sites with low and high abundance of brown rats, sugar gliders appear to shift their activity relative to the brown rats. Similarly, behavioural interference was also observed between antechinus and sugar gliders, and when comparing sites of low and high abundance of sugar glider, antechinus had a shift in activity. Our work provides some of the first quantification of temporal patterns for several of the species in this study, and the first for a community of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals. Our results indicate that some shifts in behaviour are potentially occurring in response to behavioural interference, allowing for coexistence by means of temporal partitioning.
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25
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Fowler NL, Petroelje TR, Kautz TM, Svoboda NJ, Duquette JF, Kellner KF, Beyer DE, Belant JL. Variable effects of wolves on niche breadth and density of intraguild competitors. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8542. [PMID: 35154647 PMCID: PMC8829107 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The parallel niche release hypothesis (PNR) indicates that reduced competition with dominant competitors results in greater density and niche breadth of subordinate competitors and which may support an adaptive advantage.We assessed support for the PNR by evaluating relationships between variation in niche breadth and intra- and interspecific density (an index of competition) of wolves (Canis lupus) coyotes (C. latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus).We estimated population density (wolf track surveys, coyote howl surveys, and bobcat hair snare surveys) and variability in space use (50% core autocorrelated kernel density home range estimators), temporal activity (hourly and overnight speed), and dietary (isotopic δ13C and δ15N) niche breadth of each species across three areas of varying wolf density in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, 2010-2019.Densities of wolves and coyotes were inversely related, and increased variability in space use, temporal activity, and dietary niche breadth of coyotes was associated with increased coyote density and decreased wolf density supporting the PNR. Variability in space use and temporal activity of wolves and dietary niche breadth of bobcats also increased with increased intraspecific density supporting the PNR.Through demonstrating decreased competition between wolves and coyotes and increased coyote niche breadth and density, our study provides multidimensional support for the PNR. Knowledge of the relationship between niche breadth and population density can inform our understanding of the role of competition in shaping the realized niche of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Fowler
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterCollege of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew YorkUSA
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, KodiakKodiakAlaskaUSA
| | - Tyler R. Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterCollege of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Todd M. Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterCollege of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jared F. Duquette
- Division of Wildlife ResourcesIllinois Department of Natural ResourcesChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Kenneth F. Kellner
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterCollege of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Wildlife DivisionMichigan Department of Natural ResourcesMarquetteMichiganUSA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterCollege of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew YorkUSA
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26
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Pauli JN, Manlick PJ, Tucker JM, Smith GB, Jensen PG, Fisher JT. Competitive overlap between martens
Martes americana
and
Martes caurina
and fishers
Pekania pennanti
: a rangewide perspective and synthesis. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Pauli
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Dr Madison WI53706USA
| | - Philip J. Manlick
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico 219 Yale Blvd NE Albuquerque NM87131USA
| | - Jody M. Tucker
- Pacific Southwest Region U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1323 Club Drive Vallejo CA94592USA
| | - G. Bradley Smith
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Dr Madison WI53706USA
- Pacific Southwest Region U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1323 Club Drive Vallejo CA94592USA
| | - Paul G. Jensen
- Division of Fish and Wildlife New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 1115 NYS Route 86 Ray Brook NY USA
| | - Jason T. Fisher
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria PO Box 1700, STN CSC Victoria British ColumbiaV8W 2Y2Canada
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27
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Yang X, Jie Z, Xiao C. The identification, logic and enlightenments of intra-urban place communities in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:247. [PMID: 34996952 PMCID: PMC8741909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial agglomeration phenomena on the earth permeate in various fields of the natural and human world, yet their researches in human society are relatively few with the focus mainly on the economic concept of "industrial clusters". Precise quantitative descriptions, in-depth logical analyses and proper application approaches for urban planning are lacked in various intra-urban spatial agglomeration phenomena. By using over 10 million POIs in the mainland China, 18 grid network models with two varieties of spatial relationships (co-location/adjacent) are constructed in this article. 23 typical place communities are extracted based on complex network analysis, and four types of agglomeration driving forces are summarized. A comprehensive demonstration displaying the application process of co-location/adjacent place matrices in auxiliary decision of the implanted place types is carried out with the example of the revitalization project of Taoxichuan Area in the city of Jingdezhen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Yang
- Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning & Design Institute, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhang Jie
- Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Chen Xiao
- Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design, Beijing, 100045, China
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28
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Moore VM, Schlautman B, Fei SZ, Roberts LM, Wolfe M, Ryan MR, Wells S, Lorenz AJ. Plant Breeding for Intercropping in Temperate Field Crop Systems: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843065. [PMID: 35432391 PMCID: PMC9009171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Monoculture cropping systems currently dominate temperate agroecosystems. However, intercropping can provide valuable benefits, including greater yield stability, increased total productivity, and resilience in the face of pest and disease outbreaks. Plant breeding efforts in temperate field crops are largely focused on monoculture production, but as intercropping becomes more widespread, there is a need for cultivars adapted to these cropping systems. Cultivar development for intercropping systems requires a systems approach, from the decision to breed for intercropping systems through the final stages of variety testing and release. Design of a breeding scheme should include information about species variation for performance in intercropping, presence of genotype × management interaction, observation of key traits conferring success in intercropping systems, and the specificity of intercropping performance. Together this information can help to identify an optimal selection scheme. Agronomic and ecological knowledge are critical in the design of selection schemes in cropping systems with greater complexity, and interaction with other researchers and key stakeholders inform breeding decisions throughout the process. This review explores the above considerations through three case studies: (1) forage mixtures, (2) perennial groundcover systems (PGC), and (3) soybean-pennycress intercropping. We provide an overview of each cropping system, identify relevant considerations for plant breeding efforts, describe previous breeding focused on the cropping system, examine the extent to which proposed theoretical approaches have been implemented in breeding programs, and identify areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Moore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Virginia M. Moore,
| | | | - Shui-zhang Fei
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lucas M. Roberts
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Marnin Wolfe
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Ryan
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Wells
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Aaron J. Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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30
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Carrillo E, Fuller TK. Heterospecific infanticide among sympatric peccaries in Costa Rica. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Carrillo
- Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad Nacional Heredia Costa Rica
| | - Todd K. Fuller
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA
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32
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Tallian A, Ordiz A, Metz MC, Zimmermann B, Wikenros C, Smith DW, Stahler DR, Wabakken P, Swenson JE, Sand H, Kindberg J. Of wolves and bears: Seasonal drivers of interference and exploitation competition between apex predators. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Tallian
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research NO‐7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Andrés Ordiz
- Grimsӧ Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐739 93 Riddarhyttan Sweden
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Postbox 5003, NO‐1432 Ås Norway
- Dpto. de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental Área de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad de León Campus de Vegazana s/n 24071 León Spain
| | - Matthew C. Metz
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
- Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park Box 168, Mammoth Hot Springs WY 82190 USA
| | - Barbara Zimmermann
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Evenstad NO‐2480 Koppang Norway
| | - Camilla Wikenros
- Grimsӧ Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐739 93 Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park Box 168, Mammoth Hot Springs WY 82190 USA
| | - Daniel R. Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park Box 168, Mammoth Hot Springs WY 82190 USA
| | - Petter Wabakken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Evenstad NO‐2480 Koppang Norway
| | - Jon E. Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Postbox 5003, NO‐1432 Ås Norway
| | - Håkan Sand
- Grimsӧ Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐739 93 Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research NO‐7485 Trondheim Norway
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
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33
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Curras MR, Donadio E, Middleton AD, Pauli JN. Carnivore niche partitioning in a human landscape. Am Nat 2021; 199:496-509. [DOI: 10.1086/718472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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34
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Bolas EC, Sollmann R, Crooks KR, Boydston EE, Shaskey L, Boser CL, Dillon A, Van Vuren DH. Role of microhabitat and temporal activity in facilitating coexistence of endemic carnivores on the California Channel Islands. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Most extinctions worldwide have occurred on islands, primarily due to interactions with exotic species, but rarely due to interactions among endemic species. This potential exists on two of the California Channel Islands, Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa, as endemic island spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis amphiala) appear to have rapidly declined to rarity, possibly due to interference competition with endemic island foxes (Urocyon littoralis). Niche partitioning is expected in response to interference competition; hence, it is surprising that skunks and foxes show extensive overlap in macrohabitat use and circadian activity. However, the role of microhabitat associations and fine-scale temporal activity in facilitating coexistence of the two species has not been explored. We evaluated microhabitat associations of island spotted skunks and island foxes across both islands using data from live traps and wildlife cameras collected during 2015–2017, and we analyzed fine-scale temporal activity using camera data from 2016 and 2017. On both islands, skunks had a positive response to ground-level cover provided by rugged topography or woody vegetation such as shrubs or trees, whereas foxes had a weak or negative response, suggesting partitioning of these microhabitat characteristics. Additionally, on both islands the peak in timing of skunk activity offset the peak for foxes, which implies that skunks use fine-scale adjustments in activity to avoid foxes. Past grazing by exotic herbivores likely reduced habitat refuges for skunks; however, as vegetation on both islands recovers, regrowth of shrubs and trees may provide cover that will improve prospects for coexistence of island spotted skunks and island foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Bolas
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin R Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 115 Wagar, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Laura Shaskey
- Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Drive, Ventura, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Dillon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 115 Wagar, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dirk H Van Vuren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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35
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Rodríguez-Luna CR, Servín J, Valenzuela-Galván D, List R. Trophic niche overlap between coyotes and gray foxes in a temperate forest in Durango, Mexico. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260325. [PMID: 34851987 PMCID: PMC8635360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource partitioning, and especially dietary partitioning, is a mechanism that has been studied for several canid species as a means to understand competitive relationships and the ability of these species to coexist. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are two canid species that are widely distributed, in Mexico, and they are sympatric throughout most of their distribution range. However, trophic dynamic and overlap between them have not been thoroughly studied. In order to better understand their ecological relationship and potential competitive interactions, we studied the trophic niche overlap between both canids in a temperate forest of Durango, Mexico. The results are based on the analysis of 540 coyote and 307 gray fox feces collected in 2018. Both species consumed a similar range of food items, but the coyote consumed large species while the gray fox did not. For both species, the most frequently consumed food categories throughout the year and seasonally were fruit and wild mammals (mainly rodents and lagomorphs). Coyotes had higher trophic diversity in their annual diet (H' = 2.33) than gray foxes (H' = 1.80). When analyzing diets by season, trophic diversity of both species was higher in winter and spring and tended to decrease in summer and autumn. When comparing between species, this parameter differed significantly during all seasons except for summer. Trophic overlap throughout the year was high (R0 = 0.934), with seasonal variation between R0 = 0.821 (autumn) and R0 = 0.945 (spring). Both species based their diet on the most available food items throughout each season of the year, having high dietary overlap which likely can lead to intense exploitative competition processes. However, differences in trophic diversity caused by differential prey use can mitigate competitive interactions, allowing these different sized canid species to coexist in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Servín
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolita–Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Valenzuela-Galván
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rurik List
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Unidad Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Mexico, Mexico
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36
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Rodriguez Curras M, Donadío E, Middleton AD, Pauli JN. Perceived risk structures the space use of competing carnivores. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Competition structures ecological communities. In carnivorans, competitive interactions are disproportionately costly to subordinate carnivores who must account for the risk of interspecific killing when foraging. Accordingly, missed opportunity costs for meso-carnivores imposed by risk can benefit the smallest-bodied competitors. However, the extent to which the risk perpetuates into spatial partitioning in hierarchically structured communities remains unknown. To determine how risk-avoidance behaviors shape the space-use of carnivore communities, we studied a simple community of carnivores in northern Patagonia, Argentina: pumas (Puma concolor; an apex carnivore), culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus; a meso-carnivore), and chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus; a small carnivore). We used multi-species occupancy models to quantify the space use within the carnivore community and giving-up densities to understand the behaviors that structure space use. Notably, we applied an analytical framework that tests whether the actual or perceived risk of predation most strongly influences the space use of subordinate carnivores although accounting for their foraging and vigilance behaviors. We found that there was a dominance hierarchy from the apex carnivore through the meso-carnivore to the subordinate small carnivore, which was reflected in space. Although both meso- and small carnivores exhibited similar predator avoidance behavioral responses to apex carnivores, the habitat associations of apex carnivores only altered meso-carnivore space use. The biases in risk management we observed for meso-carnivores likely translates into stable co-existence of this community of competing carnivores. We believe our analytical framework can be extended to other communities to quantify the spatial-behavioral tradeoffs of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauriel Rodriguez Curras
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Forest and Wildlife Ecology, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emiliano Donadío
- INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional Comahue, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Arthur D Middleton
- University of California-Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Forest and Wildlife Ecology, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Cornhill KL, Kelly C, Kerley GIH. Lion reintroduction demonstrates that resident cheetah have a spatially reactive response to lion. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L. Cornhill
- Department of Zoology Centre for African Conservation Ecology Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa
| | | | - Graham I. H. Kerley
- Department of Zoology Centre for African Conservation Ecology Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa
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de Sousa JRP, Mendes TP, da Silva Carvalho-Filho F, Juen L, Esposito MC. Diversity of Necrophagous Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellidae, and Sarcophagidae) in Anthropogenic and Preserved Environments of Five Different Phytophysiognomies in Northeastern Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:537-550. [PMID: 33914274 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential association between the richness and abundance of species of the dipteran families Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellidae, and Sarcophagidae in anthropogenic and preserved environments of five phytophysiognomies (Cerrado, Amazon forest, Palm forest, marshland, and mangrove) that occur throughout the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. We sampled 90 sites (45 preserved and 45 anthropogenic areas) where we collected 26,036 specimens: 15,023 calliphorids (11 species), 231 mesembrinellids (one species), and 10,772 sarcophagids (52 species). Four environmental factors, canopy openness, temperature, leaf litter depth, and vegetation height, contributed most to the separation of preserved and anthropogenic sites in all five phytophysiognomies. Leaf litter depth was positively associated with the species richness of the calliphorids and mesembrinellids (C+ M group), while tree/shrub density, vegetation height, and temperature were associated negatively with the richness of the sarcophagids. Tree/shrub density and vegetation height were also associated negatively with abundance in both C+M and sarcophagid species. Overall, then, the structural characteristics of the environment affected the species richness and abundance, and deforestation may favor certain synanthropic species, leading to a decrease in the richness and abundance of the species that are adapted to preserved environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Pereira de Sousa
- Univ Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Univ Estadual do Maranhão, Balsas, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pereira Mendes
- Univ Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Univ Estadual do Maranhão, Balsas, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Fernando da Silva Carvalho-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Depto de Zoologia,Coordenação de Zoologia - Entomologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Dept of Biology, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Esposito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Fowler NL, Kautz TM, Petroelje TR, Wilton CM, Kellner KF, O'Brien DJ, Parsons B, Beyer DE, Belant JL. Marginal support for a trophic cascade among sympatric canids in peripheral wolf range. Ecology 2021; 102:e03494. [PMID: 34309013 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trophic cascades reportedly structure ecological communities through indirect species interactions. Though the predator-herbivore-autotroph relationship has received much attention, mechanistic evidence supporting intraguild trophic cascades is rare. We established 348 remote camera sites (1 August-5 September 2019) across seven study areas of varying wolf (Canis lupus) density including one study area where wolves were absent in northern Michigan, USA. Using multi-species occupancy modeling at species-relevant spatial scales, we evaluated the hypothesis that increased wolf occurrence suppresses coyote (C. latrans) occurrence with corresponding increased red fox (Vulpes vulpes) occurrence mediated by land cover edge density, human presence, and temporal partitioning. Remote cameras recorded >600,000 images and included 6,370, 10,137, and 4,876 detections of wolves, coyotes, and foxes, respectively. Fox occupancy probability was more than three times as high (0.29) at camera sites where wolves were present, relative to sites wolves were absent (0.09). Pairwise species interactions supported expected size-based dominance patterns among canids and insignificant effects were directionally consistent with reported reduced strength of top-down effects in peripheral wolf range. Increased edge density also increased co-occurrence of coyote and wolves, likely a function of increased prey availability and refugia for coyotes. Though foxes occurred in spatial proximity to wolves, competition was limited by greater temporal partitioning than observed between coyotes and foxes that were spatially segregated. Collectively, our results provide marginal support for the reported trophic cascade among wolves, coyotes, and foxes wherein top-down effects may be reduced near the edge of current wolf distributions. As predators continue to recolonize portions of their historic range, knowledge of the effects on intraguild predators has implications for species management and predicting prey population responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Fowler
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Todd M Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Tyler R Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Clay M Wilton
- Michigan Natural Features Inventory, P.O. Box 13036, Lansing, Michigan, 48901, USA
| | - Kenneth F Kellner
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel J O'Brien
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 250, Lansing, Michigan, 48910, USA
| | - Bill Parsons
- Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Natural Resource Department, 7845 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, Michigan, 49740, USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1990 US Highway 41 S, Marquette, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
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Kautz TM, Beyer DE, Farley Z, Fowler NL, Kellner KF, Lutto AL, Petroelje TR, Belant JL. American martens use vigilance and short-term avoidance to navigate a landscape of fear from fishers at artificial scavenging sites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12146. [PMID: 34108524 PMCID: PMC8190286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Where two sympatric species compete for the same resource and one species is dominant, there is potential for the subordinate species to be affected through interference competition or energetic costs of avoiding predation. Fishers (Pekania pennanti) and American martens (Martes americana) often have high niche overlap, but fishers are considered dominant and potentially limiting to martens. We observed presence and vigilance of fishers and martens at winter carcass sites using remote cameras in Michigan, USA, to test the hypothesis that interference competition from fishers creates a landscape of fear for martens. Within winters, fishers co-occupied 78–88% of sites occupied by martens, and martens co-occupied 79–88% of sites occupied by fishers. Fishers displaced martens from carcasses during 21 of 6117 marten visits, while martens displaced fishers during 0 of 1359 fisher visits. Martens did not alter diel activity in response to fisher use of sites. Martens allocated 37% of time to vigilance compared to 23% for fishers, and martens increased vigilance up to 8% at sites previously visited by fishers. Fishers increased vigilance by up to 8% at sites previously visited by martens. Our results indicate that fishers were dominant over martens, and martens had greater baseline perception of risk than fishers. However, fishers appeared to be also affected as the dominant competitor by putting effort into scanning for martens. Both species appeared widespread and common in our study area, but there was no evidence that fishers spatially or temporally excluded martens from scavenging at carcasses other than occasional short-term displacement when a fisher was present. Instead, martens appeared to mitigate risk from fishers by using vigilance and short-term avoidance. Multiple short-term anti-predator behaviors within a landscape of fear may facilitate coexistence among carnivore species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1990 US Highway 41 S, Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - Zachary Farley
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, 2980 South Espina, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Nicholas L Fowler
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kenneth F Kellner
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ashley L Lutto
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Tyler R Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Khattak RH, Teng L, Mehmood T, Rehman EU, Zhang Z, Liu Z. Hostile Interactions of Punjab Urial ( Ovis vignei punjabiensis) towards Indian Gazelle ( Gazella bennettii) during Feeding Sessions in Captive Breeding Settings. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051274. [PMID: 33925204 PMCID: PMC8145856 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple factors, both natural and anthropogenic, are driving most of the wild species to the verge of extinction across the globe. In order to conserve these threatened species, various conservation interventions and strategies are adopted, among which is re-introduction of captive stocks of species into the wild habitats where they vanished from. Captive breeding is one of the promising tools for endangered species preservation. Providing social enrichment to the captive stocks is an important step in the management, in particular for stocks, which are aimed for re-introduction. The subject species of this study, i.e., Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) are being reared in captivity with the aim of re-introduction. As there is scarcity of information regarding the behavioral aspects of captive species, especially ungulates, this study aimed at understanding the dynamics of their interactions. The current study reported that Punjab urial, being the dominant species, exerts itself on the submissive and subordinate species, the Indian gazelle. This negative interference can possibly lead to negative ramifications in the form of stress and injuries in the short term, while negative effects on population growth in the long term. Thus, this study recommends separate rearing of these species to eliminate the hazardous competition between them. Abstract Natural wildlife habitats are regularly subjected to anthropogenic pressures for different purposes, which are heading the biodiversity towards drastic decline. Several endangered wild species are raised in captivity with the aim of re-introduction. In some instances, mixed herds’ rearing approach in captivity is adopted for providing social enrichment to captive stocks; however, the impacts of species on each other are least documented. We tested our prediction that keeping mixed herds of captive wild sheep and antelopes provides adequate social enrichment to the captive stocks: if interspecific interactions are balanced. In the current study, we studied the interspecific competition between mixed herds of captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) at Manglot Wildlife Park, Nowshera District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. We documented the negative effects of behavioural interference by Punjab urial on the feeding behaviour of Indian gazelle. The outcome of the current study revealed that Punjab urial are highly intolerant towards Indian gazelle, with high interference during feeding. Out of the total aggressive events, 77% (N = 1259) of events ended up with win/loss, in which Punjab urial dominated the Indian gazelle 3.5 times. Moreover, lopsided dominance by Punjab urial resulted in increased intraspecific competition among Indian gazelle (p < 0.001). Current study divulged Indian gazelle to be the subordinate species, with less intake of food. Instead of providing social enrichment by heterospecifics, the Punjab urial is negatively affecting the Indian gazelle, therefore, the results of our study discourage the practice of admix captive breeding for wild sheep and antelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaan Hayat Khattak
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Zhirong Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (Z.L.)
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Petroelje TR, Kautz TM, Beyer DE, Belant JL. Interference competition between wolves and coyotes during variable prey abundance. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1413-1431. [PMID: 33598141 PMCID: PMC7863399 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interference competition occurs when two species have similar resource requirements and one species is dominant and can suppress or exclude the subordinate species. Wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) are sympatric across much of their range in North America where white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can be an important prey species. We assessed the extent of niche overlap between wolves and coyotes using activity, diet, and space use as evidence for interference competition during three periods related to the availability of white-tailed deer fawns in the Upper Great Lakes region of the USA. We assessed activity overlap (Δ) with data from accelerometers onboard global positioning system (GPS) collars worn by wolves (n = 11) and coyotes (n = 13). We analyzed wolf and coyote scat to estimate dietary breadth (B) and food niche overlap (α). We used resource utilization functions (RUFs) with canid GPS location data, white-tailed deer RUFs, ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) densities, and landscape covariates to compare population-level space use. Wolves and coyotes exhibited considerable overlap in activity (Δ = 0.86-0.92), diet (B = 3.1-4.9; α = 0.76-1.0), and space use of active and inactive RUFs across time periods. Coyotes relied less on deer as prey compared to wolves and consumed greater amounts of smaller prey items. Coyotes exhibited greater population-level variation in space use compared to wolves. Additionally, while active and inactive, coyotes exhibited greater selection of some land covers as compared to wolves. Our findings lend support for interference competition between wolves and coyotes with significant overlap across resource attributes examined. The mechanisms through which wolves and coyotes coexist appear to be driven largely by how coyotes, a generalist species, exploit narrow differences in resource availability and display greater population-level plasticity in resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY USA
| | - Todd M Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Wildlife Division Michigan Department of Natural Resources Marquette MI USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY USA
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Dolabela BM, Antonini Y, Pinto VD, Onésimo C, Brito MF, Costa FV. The Importance of Forest Simplification and Litter Disturbance in Defining the Assembly of Ground-Foraging Ants. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:832-839. [PMID: 32902827 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we are facing many ecosystem changes derived from years of anthropogenic disturbances. Habitat simplification stands out among human-derived impacts, due to its detrimental effects on vegetation structure and associated biota. Here, we assessed the effects of litter disturbance and forest simplification on a tropical ground-foraging ant community. To do that, we tested whether ant richness will be negatively affected by litter disturbance and habitat simplification. Additionally, we tested whether litter disturbance affects the time of resource discovery and dominance, and if so, whether its effects are intensified by forest simplification. This study occurred at Rio Doce State Park, a preserved area of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. We experimentally simulated litter disturbance by removing the leaf litter and superficial soil layer in a mahogany monoculture forest and preserved Atlantic Forest. We sampled ants using paired-mixed baits of protein and carbohydrate in 12 points, half of them in each forest type. As expected, we found higher richness in the preserved and non-disturbed forest. Moreover, resource discovery was faster in disturbed monoculture, but bait dominance was higher in the undisturbed preserved forest. Litter heterogeneity seems to play an important role in determining ant dispersion and intra-specific communication, as we observed that litter disturbance impacts were strengthened by forest simplification. Our results highlight the efficiency of ground-foraging ants as bioindicators of disturbance and habitat quality. Moreover, our study indicates how distinct types of disturbances can act synergistically, changing the assembly of associated biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Dolabela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Y Antonini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - V D Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - C Onésimo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - M F Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - F V Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Parker DM, Vyver DB, Bissett C. The influence of an apex predator introduction on an already established subordinate predator. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Parker
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga Nelspruit South Africa
| | - D. B. Vyver
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa
- South African National Parks Pretoria South Africa
| | - C. Bissett
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa
- South African National Parks Pretoria South Africa
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Ogunrinu OJ, Norman KN, Vinasco J, Levent G, Lawhon SD, Fajt VR, Volkova VV, Gaire T, Poole TL, Genovese KJ, Wittum TE, Scott HM. Can the use of older-generation beta-lactam antibiotics in livestock production over-select for beta-lactamases of greatest consequence for human medicine? An in vitro experimental model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242195. [PMID: 33196662 PMCID: PMC7668573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though carbapenems are not licensed for use in food animals in the U.S., carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has been identified in farm animals and their environments. The objective of our study was to determine the extent to which older-generation β-lactam antibiotics approved for use in food animals in the U.S. might differentially select for resistance to antibiotics of critical importance to human health, such as carbapenems. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from humans, food animals, or the environment bearing a single β-lactamase gene (n = 20 each) for blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, and blaCTX-M-* or else blaKPC/IMP/NDM (due to limited availability, often in combination with other bla genes), were identified, along with 20 E. coli strains lacking any known beta-lactamase genes. Baseline estimates of intrinsic bacterial fitness were derived from the population growth curves. Effects of ampicillin (32 μg/mL), ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) and meropenem (4 μg/mL) on each strain and resistance-group also were assessed. Further, in vitro batch cultures were prepared by mixing equal concentrations of 10 representative E. coli strains (two from each resistance gene group), and each mixture was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in non-antibiotic cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton II (CAMH-2) broth, ampicillin + CAMH-2 broth (at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL) and ceftiofur + CAMH-2 broth (at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8μg/mL). Relative and absolute abundance of resistance-groups were estimated phenotypically. Line plots of the raw data were generated, and non-linear Gompertz models and multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were fitted to the data. The observed strain growth rate distributions were significantly different across the groups. AmpC strains (i.e., blaCMY-2) had distinctly less robust (p < 0.05) growth in ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) compared to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers harboring blaCTX-M-*variants. With increasing beta-lactam antibiotic concentrations, relative proportions of ESBLs and CREs were over-represented in the mixed bacterial communities; importantly, this was more pronounced with ceftiofur than with ampicillin. These results indicate that aminopenicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins would be expected to propagate carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in food animals if and when Enterobacteriaceae from human health care settings enter the food animal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju J. Ogunrinu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Virginia R. Fajt
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria V. Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tara Gaire
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Quach KT, Chalasani SH. Intraguild predation between Pristionchus pacificus and Caenorhabditis elegans: a complex interaction with the potential for aggressive behaviour. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:404-419. [PMID: 33054476 PMCID: PMC7836027 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1833004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The related nematodes Pristionchus pacificus and Caenorhabditis elegans both eat bacteria for nutrition and are therefore competitors when they exploit the same bacterial resource. In addition to competing with each other, P. pacificus is a predator of C. elegans larval prey. These two relationships together form intraguild predation, which is the killing and sometimes eating of potential competitors. In killing C. elegans, the intraguild predator P. pacificus may achieve dual benefits of immediate nutrition and reduced competition for bacteria. Recent studies of P. pacificus have characterized many aspects of its predatory biting behaviour as well as underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms. However, little has been explored regarding the potentially competitive aspect of P. pacificus biting C. elegans. Moreover, aggression may also be implicated if P. pacificus intentionally bites C. elegans with the goal of reducing competition for bacteria. The aim of this review is to broadly outline how aggression, predation, and intraguild predation relate to each other, as well as how these concepts may be applied to future studies of P. pacificus in its interactions with C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Quach
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sreekanth H. Chalasani
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Williams RJ, Horrocks JA, Pernetta AP. Habitat use by an endemic and a non-native gecko: natural habitat provides a last refuge for the Barbados Leaf-Toed gecko. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2020.1804750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Williams
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Julia A. Horrocks
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Angelo P. Pernetta
- Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Abstract
AbstractTemporal partitioning can allow sympatric carnivores to coexist, especially if overlap of other resources is high. Using camera trap data from 2013 to 2017, we investigated the temporal partitioning of a community of wild felids and a canid in Nam Et–Phou Louey National Protected Area, Laos, to determine the extent to which temporal avoidance might be facilitating coexistence of similarly sized carnivores. We also investigated temporal overlap of these carnivore species and their presumed main prey, to determine if their activity is likely most influenced by their prey or potential competitors. The dhole (Cuon alpinus) and clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), the two largest carnivores, had low temporal overlap, and activity appeared to be synchronized with the main prey for dhole, but not clouded leopard. Thus, it was possible that clouded leopard used temporal partitioning to coexist with dhole. The temporal overlap of Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) was high with clouded leopard and moderate with dhole, and overall appeared to be influenced most by its presumed prey species, rather than by its potential competitors. The two small felids had the least temporal overlap between any species, as the marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) was primarily diurnal whereas the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was primarily nocturnal. Given that the two small felids reportedly have similar diets consisting of small rodents and birds, their temporal partitioning is likely to help facilitate their coexistence. For carnivore species in northern Laos that are most similar in body size and diet, temporal partitioning is likely to be an important mechanism of coexistence. Otherwise, temporal patterns appear to be synchronized with their main prey.
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Response behaviour of native lizards and invading wall lizard to interspecific scent: implications for invasion success. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Busniuk K, Storey AE, Wilson DR. Herring gulls target profitable Atlantic puffins during kleptoparasitic attack. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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