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Xu X, Zhang J, Wang T, Li J, Rong Y, Wang Y, Bai C, Yan Q, Ran X, Wang Y, Zhang T, Sun J, Jiang Q. Emerging non-antibody‒drug conjugates (non-ADCs) therapeutics of toxins for cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1542-1559. [PMID: 38572098 PMCID: PMC10985036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-selective cytotoxicity of toxins limits the clinical relevance of the toxins. In recent years, toxins have been widely used as warheads for antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) due to their efficient killing activity against various cancer cells. Although ADCs confer certain targeting properties to the toxins, low drug loading capacity, possible immunogenicity, and other drawbacks also limit the potential application of ADCs. Recently, non-ADC delivery strategies for toxins have been extensively investigated. To further understand the application of toxins in anti-tumor, this paper provided an overview of prodrugs, nanodrug delivery systems, and biomimetic drug delivery systems. In addition, toxins and their combination strategies with other therapies were discussed. Finally, the prospect and challenge of toxins in cancer treatment were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yukang Rong
- School of Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenxia Bai
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohua Ran
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Ding M, Wang L, Yin S, Zhang L, Cao X, Chen Z, Li W, Guo Q, Zhu S, Lu W, Yang T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quaternary ammonium antibody drug conjugates based on camptothecin derivatives. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292871. [PMID: 38113206 PMCID: PMC10729962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a highly promising class of cancer therapeutics, comprising antibodies, effector molecules, and linkers. Among them, DS-8201a with DXd as the effector molecule, has shown remarkable anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors, sparking a surge of interest in ADCs with camptothecin derivatives as ADC effector molecules. In this study, we introduced and successfully constructed quaternary ammonium ADCs utilizing camptothecin derivatives WL-14 and CPTS-1 for the first time. All four ADCs displayed excellent stability under physiological conditions and in plasma, facilitating their prolonged circulation in vivo. Moreover, the four ADCs, employing Val-Cit or Val-Ala dipeptide linkers effectively achieved complete release of the effector molecules via cathepsin B. Although, the in vitro antitumor activity of these ADCs was comparatively limited, the development of quaternary ammonium ADCs based on novel camptothecin derivatives as effector molecules is still a viable and promising strategy. Significantly, our study provides valuable insights into the crucial role of linker optimization in ADCs design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sicheng Yin
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Cao
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weinan Li
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Guo
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and Manufacturing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and Manufacturing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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3
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Khera E, Kim J, Stein A, Ratanapanichkich M, Thurber GM. Mechanistically Weighted Metric to Predict In Vivo Antibody-Receptor Occupancy: An Analytical Approach. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:78-91. [PMID: 37105581 PMCID: PMC11046736 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ clinical measurement of receptor occupancy (RO) is challenging, particularly for solid tumors, necessitating the use of mathematical models that predict tumor receptor occupancy to guide dose decisions. A potency metric, average free tissue target to initial target ratio (AFTIR), was previously described based on a mechanistic compartmental model and is informative for near-saturating dose regimens. However, the metric fails at clinically relevant subsaturating antibody doses, as compartmental models cannot capture the spatial heterogeneity of distribution faced by some antibodies in solid tumors. Here we employ a partial differential equation (PDE) Krogh cylinder model to simulate spatiotemporal receptor occupancy and derive an analytical solution, a mechanistically weighted global AFTIR, that can better predict receptor occupancy regardless of dosing regimen. In addition to the four key parameters previously identified, a fifth key parameter, the absolute receptor density (targets/cell), is incorporated into the mechanistic AFTIR metric. Receptor density can influence equilibrium intratumoral drug concentration relative to whether the dose is saturating or not, thereby influencing the tumor penetration depth of the antibody. We derive mechanistic RO predictions based on distinct patterns of antibody tumor penetration, presented as a global AFTIR metric guided by a Thiele Modulus and a local saturation potential (drug equivalent of binding potential for positron emissions tomography imaging) and validate the results using rigorous global and local sensitivity analysis. This generalized AFTIR serves as a more accurate analytical metric to aid clinical dose decisions and rational design of antibody-based therapeutics without the need for extensive PDE simulations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Determining antibody-receptor occupancy (RO) is critical for dosing decisions in pharmaceutical development, but direct clinical measurement of RO is often challenging and invasive, particularly for solid tumors. Significant efforts have been made to develop mathematical models and simplified analytical metrics of RO, but these often require complex computer simulations. Here we present a mathematically rigorous but simplified analytical model to accurately predict RO across a range of affinities, doses, drug, and tumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Khera
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (E.K., M.R., G.M.T.) and Biomedical Engineering (G.M.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.K., A.S.)
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (E.K., M.R., G.M.T.) and Biomedical Engineering (G.M.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.K., A.S.)
| | - Andrew Stein
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (E.K., M.R., G.M.T.) and Biomedical Engineering (G.M.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.K., A.S.)
| | - Matt Ratanapanichkich
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (E.K., M.R., G.M.T.) and Biomedical Engineering (G.M.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.K., A.S.)
| | - Greg M Thurber
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (E.K., M.R., G.M.T.) and Biomedical Engineering (G.M.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.K., A.S.)
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4
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Trencsényi G, Halmos G, Képes Z. Radiolabeled NGR-Based Heterodimers for Angiogenesis Imaging: A Review of Preclinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4459. [PMID: 37760428 PMCID: PMC10526435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since angiogenesis/neoangiogenesis has a major role in tumor development, progression and metastatic spread, the establishment of angiogenesis-targeting imaging and therapeutic vectors is of utmost significance. Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a pivotal biomarker of angiogenic processes abundantly expressed on the cell surface of active vascular endothelial and various neoplastic cells, constituting a valuable target for cancer diagnostics and therapy. Since the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) sequence has been shown to colocalize with APN/CD13, the research interest in NGR-peptide-mediated vascular targeting is steadily growing. Earlier preclinical experiments have already demonstrated the imaging and therapeutic feasibility of NGR-based probes labeled with different positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclides, including Gallium-68 (68Ga), Copper-64 (64Cu), Technetium-99m (99mTc), Lutetium-177 (177Lu), Rhenium-188 (188Re) or Bismuth-213 (213Bi). To improve the tumor binding affinity and the retention time of single-receptor targeting peptides, NGR motifs containing heterodimers have been introduced to identify multi-receptor overexpressing malignancies. Preclinical studies with various tumor-bearing experimental animals provide useful tools for the investigation of the in vivo imaging behavior of NGR-based heterobivalent ligands. Herein, we review the reported preclinical achievements on NGR heterodimers that could be highly relevant for the development of further target-specific multivalent compounds in diagnostic and therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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5
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Jumapili NA, Zivalj M, Barthelmess RM, Raes G, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N, Stijlemans B, Vincke C, Van Ginderachter JA. A few good reasons to use nanobodies for cancer treatment. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250024. [PMID: 37366246 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
mAbs have been instrumental for targeted cancer therapies. However, their relatively large size and physicochemical properties result in a heterogenous distribution in the tumor microenvironment, usually restricted to the first cell layers surrounding blood vessels, and a limited ability to penetrate the brain. Nanobodies are tenfold smaller, resulting in a deeper tumor penetration and the ability to reach cells in poorly perfused tumor areas. Nanobodies are rapidly cleared from the circulation, which generates a fast target-to-background contrast that is ideally suited for molecular imaging purposes but may be less optimal for therapy. To circumvent this problem, nanobodies have been formatted to noncovalently bind albumin, increasing their serum half-life without majorly increasing their size. Finally, nanobodies have shown superior qualities to infiltrate brain tumors as compared to mAbs. In this review, we discuss why these features make nanobodies prime candidates for targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Ahishakiye Jumapili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maida Zivalj
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romina Mora Barthelmess
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Larrosa C, Mora J, Cheung NK. Global Impact of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) in Children: A Focus on Anti-GD2. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3729. [PMID: 37509390 PMCID: PMC10378537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), as the name implies, are clonal antibodies that bind to the same antigen. mAbs are broadly used as diagnostic or therapeutic tools for neoplasms, autoimmune diseases, allergic conditions, and infections. Although most mAbs are approved for treating adult cancers, few are applicable to childhood malignancies, limited mostly to hematological cancers. As for solid tumors, only anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) mAbs are approved specifically for neuroblastoma. Inequities of drug access have continued, affecting most therapeutic mAbs globally. To understand these challenges, a deeper dive into the complex transition from basic research to the clinic, or between marketing and regulatory agencies, is timely. This review focuses on current mAbs approved or under investigation in pediatric cancer, with special attention on solid tumors and anti-GD2 mAbs, and the hurdles that limit their broad global access. Beyond understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance, the continual discovery of next generation drugs safer for children and easier to administer, the discovery of predictive biomarkers to avoid futility should ease the acceptance by patient, health care professionals and regulatory agencies, in order to expand clinical utility. With a better integration into the multimodal treatment for each disease, protocols that align with the regional clinical practice should also improve acceptance and cost-effectiveness. Communication and collaboration between academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies should help to ensure accessible, affordable, and sustainable health care for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Larrosa
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaume Mora
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Hambly JN, Ruby CE, Mourich DV, Bracha S, Dolan BP. Potential Promises and Perils of Human Biological Treatments for Immunotherapy in Veterinary Oncology. Vet Sci 2023; 10:336. [PMID: 37235419 PMCID: PMC10224056 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy for the treatment of human cancers has heralded a new era in oncology, one that is making its way into the veterinary clinic. As the immune system of many animal species commonly seen by veterinarians is similar to humans, there is great hope for the translation of human therapies into veterinary oncology. The simplest approach for veterinarians would be to adopt existing reagents that have been developed for human medicine, due to the potential of reduced cost and the time it takes to develop a new drug. However, this strategy may not always prove to be effective and safe with regard to certain drug platforms. Here, we review current therapeutic strategies that could exploit human reagents in veterinary medicine and also those therapies which may prove detrimental when human-specific biological molecules are used in veterinary oncology. In keeping with a One Health framework, we also discuss the potential use of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from camelid species (also known as Nanobodies™) for therapies targeting multiple veterinary animal patients without the need for species-specific reformulation. Such reagents would not only benefit the health of our veterinary species but could also guide human medicine by studying the effects of outbred animals that develop spontaneous tumors, a more relevant model of human diseases compared to traditional laboratory rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeilene N. Hambly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Carl E. Ruby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Biotesserae Inc., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Dan V. Mourich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Biotesserae Inc., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Biotesserae Inc., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian P. Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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8
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Ghosh S, Huda P, Fletcher NL, Howard CB, Walsh B, Campbell D, Pinkham MB, Thurecht KJ. Antibody-Based Formats to Target Glioblastoma: Overcoming Barriers to Protein Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1233-1247. [PMID: 35438509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is recognized as the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. Despite advances in treatment strategies that include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival time (∼15 months) of patients with GB has not significantly improved. The poor prognosis of GB is also associated with a very high chance of tumor recurrence (∼90%), and current treatment measures have failed to address the complications associated with this disease. However, targeted therapies enabled through antibody engineering have shown promise in countering GB when used in combination with conventional approaches. Here, we discuss the challenges in conventional as well as future GB therapeutics and highlight some of the known advantages of using targeted biologics to overcome these impediments. We also review a broad range of potential alternative routes that could be used clinically to administer anti-GB biologics to the brain through evasion of its natural barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Ghosh
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bradley Walsh
- GlyTherix, Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | | | - Mark B Pinkham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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9
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Mills JA, Liu F, Jarrett TR, Fletcher NL, Thurecht KJ. Nanoparticle based medicines: approaches for evading and manipulating the mononuclear phagocyte system and potential for clinical translation. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3029-3053. [PMID: 35419582 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades, nanomedicines have been reported as a potential means to overcome the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems by reducing side effects, toxicity and the non-ideal pharmacokinetic behaviour typically exhibited by small molecule drugs. However, upon administration many nanoparticles prompt induction of host inflammatory responses due to recognition and uptake by macrophages, eliminating up to 95% of the administered dose. While significant advances in nanoparticle engineering and consequent therapeutic efficacy have been made, it is becoming clear that nanoparticle recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) poses an impassable junction in the current framework of nanoparticle development. Hence, this has negative consequences on the clinical translation of nanotechnology with respect to therapeutic efficacy, systemic toxicity and economic benefit. In order to improve the translation of nanomedicines from bench-to-bedside, there is a requirement to either modify nanomedicines in terms of how they interact with intrinsic processes in the body, or modulate the body to be more accommodating for nanomedicine treatments. Here we provide an overview of the current standard for design elements of nanoparticles, as well as factors to consider when producing nanomedicines that have minimal MPS-nanoparticle interactions; we explore this landscape across the cellular to tissue and organ levels. Further, rather than designing materials to suit the body, a growing research niche involves modulating biological responses to administered nanomaterials. We here discuss how developing strategic methods of MPS 'pre-conditioning' with small molecule or biological drugs, as well as implementing strategic dosing regimens, such as 'decoy' nanoparticles, is essential to increasing nanoparticle therapeutic efficacy. By adopting such a perspective, we hope to highlight the increasing trends in research dedicated to improving nanomedicine translation, and subsequently making a positive clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Mills
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
| | - Feifei Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia.,ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Australia
| | - Thomas R Jarrett
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia.,ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia.,ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Australia
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10
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Collyer SE, Stack GD, Walsh JJ. Selective delivery of clinically approved tubulin binding agents through covalent conjugation to an active targeting moiety. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5179-5211. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The efficacy and tolerability of tubulin binding agents are hampered by their low specificity for cancer cells, like most clinically used anticancer agents. To improve specificity, tubulin binding agents have been covalently conjugated to agents which target cancer cells to give actively targeted drug conjugates. These conjugates are designed to increase uptake of the drug by cancer cells, while having limited uptake by normal cells thereby improving efficacy and tolerability.
Approaches used include attachment to small molecules, polysaccharides, peptides, proteins and antibodies that exploit the overexpression of receptors for these substances. Antibody targeted strategies have been the most successful to date with six such examples having gained clinical approval. Many other conjugate types, especially those targeting the folate receptor, have shown promising efficacy and toxicity profiles in pre-clinical models and in early-stage clinical studies. Presented herein is a discussion of the success or otherwise of the recent strategies used to form these actively targeted conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Collyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary D. Stack
- Department of Nursing and Healthcare, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
| | - John J. Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Bordeau BM, Abuqayyas L, Nguyen TD, Chen P, Balthasar JP. Development and Evaluation of Competitive Inhibitors of Trastuzumab-HER2 Binding to Bypass the Binding-Site Barrier. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837744. [PMID: 35250584 PMCID: PMC8895951 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has developed and experimentally validated a strategy to increase antibody penetration in solid tumors through transient inhibition of antibody-antigen binding. In prior work, we demonstrated that 1HE, an anti-trastuzumab single domain antibody that transiently inhibits trastuzumab binding to HER2, increased the penetration of trastuzumab and increased the efficacy of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in HER2+ xenograft bearing mice. In the present work, 1HE variants were developed using random mutagenesis and phage display to enable optimization of tumor penetration and efficacy of trastuzumab-based therapeutics. To guide the rational selection of a particular 1HE mutant for a specific trastuzumab-therapy, we developed a mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) model to predict within-tumor exposure of trastuzumab/T-DM1. A pharmacodynamic (PD) component was added to the model to predict the relationship between intratumor exposure to T-DM1 and the corresponding therapeutic effect in HER2+ xenografts. To demonstrate the utility of the competitive inhibition approach for immunotoxins, PK parameters specific for a recombinant immunotoxin were incorporated into the model structure. Dissociation half-lives for variants ranged from 1.1 h (for variant LG11) to 107.9 h (for variant HE10). Simulations predicted that 1HE co-administration can increase the tumor penetration of T-DM1, with inhibitors with longer trastuzumab binding half-lives relative to 1HE (15.5 h) further increasing T-DM1 penetration at the expense of total tumor uptake of T-DM1. The PK/PD model accurately predicted the response of NCI-N87 xenografts to treatment with T-DM1 or T-DM1 co-administered with 1HE. Model predictions indicate that the 1HE mutant HF9, with a trastuzumab binding half-life of 51.1 h, would be the optimal inhibitor for increasing T-DM1 efficacy with a modest extension in the median survival time relative to T-DM1 with 1HE. Model simulations predict that LG11 co-administration will dramatically increase immunotoxin penetration within all tumor regions. We expect that the mechanistic model structure and the wide range of inhibitors developed in this work will enable optimization of trastuzumab-cytotoxin penetration and efficacy in solid tumors.
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of T-Cell Bispecifics in the Tumour Interstitial Fluid. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122105. [PMID: 34959386 PMCID: PMC8705663 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics in plasma and tumour interstitial fluid of two T-cell bispecifics (TCBs) with different binding affinities to the tumour target and to assess the subsequent cytokine release in a tumour-bearing humanised mouse model. Pharmacokinetics (PK) as well as cytokine data were collected in humanised mice after iv injection of cibisatamab and CEACAM5-TCB which are binding with different binding affinities to the tumour antigen carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The PK data were modelled and coupled to a previously published physiologically based PK model. Corresponding cytokine release profiles were compared to in vitro data. The PK model provided a good fit to the data and precise estimation of key PK parameters. High tumour interstitial concentrations were observed for both TCBs, influenced by their respective target binding affinities. In conclusion, we developed a tailored experimental method to measure PK and cytokine release in plasma and at the site of drug action, namely in the tumour. Integrating those data into a mathematical model enabled to investigate the impact of target affinity on tumour accumulation and can have implications for the PKPD assessment of the therapeutic antibodies.
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13
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Llop J, Lammers T. Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis, Radionuclide Therapy and Theranostics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16974-16981. [PMID: 34748314 PMCID: PMC7612708 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique properties that can be exploited for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Intravenously injected nanoparticles accumulate predominantly in organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system, in addition to localizing in tumors and at sites of inflammation and infection. Accumulation in the liver and spleen lowers nanoparticles' ability to target pathological sites and compromises their use for radionuclide therapy. As described by Lee et al. in this issue of ACS Nano, radionuclide retention in liver and spleen can be greatly reduced by using liposomes that are surface-modified with esterase-cleavable radionuclide anchors. Because esterase activity is high in healthy tissues and low in tumors, the authors found that liposome-associated radioactivity rapidly cleared from the body and remained high only in tumors. The resulting images had high contrast-to-background ratios and remarkable tumor delineation. In this Perspective, we discuss these advances from early detection, cancer diagnosis, radionuclide therapy, and theranostics points of view. We outline the current clinical landscape of radionuclide targeting, imaging and therapy, and reflect on the roles that nanoparticles can play in these applications. We highlight the potential of nanoparticles that are responsive to endogenous stimuli for intraoperative imaging and, particularly, for individualized and improved radionuclide treatment. Taking these advances into account, future studies exploring the robustness and the clinical feasibility of nanomedicine-based radiotheranostic probes are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Corresponding Authors
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Kontermann RE, Ungerechts G, Nettelbeck DM. Viro-antibody therapy: engineering oncolytic viruses for genetic delivery of diverse antibody-based biotherapeutics. MAbs 2021; 13:1982447. [PMID: 34747345 PMCID: PMC8583164 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1982447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics approved for clinical application include oncolytic viruses and antibodies, which evolved by nature, but were improved by molecular engineering. Both facilitate outstanding tumor selectivity and pleiotropic activities, but also face challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and limited tumor penetration. An innovative strategy to address these challenges combines both agents in a single, multitasking therapeutic, i.e., an oncolytic virus engineered to express therapeutic antibodies. Such viro-antibody therapies genetically deliver antibodies to tumors from amplified virus genomes, thereby complementing viral oncolysis with antibody-defined therapeutic action. Here, we review the strategies of viro-antibody therapy that have been pursued exploiting diverse virus platforms, antibody formats, and antibody-mediated modes of action. We provide a comprehensive overview of reported antibody-encoding oncolytic viruses and highlight the achievements of 13 years of viro-antibody research. It has been shown that functional therapeutic antibodies of different formats can be expressed in and released from cancer cells infected with different oncolytic viruses. Virus-encoded antibodies have implemented direct tumor cell killing, anti-angiogenesis, or activation of adaptive immune responses to kill tumor cells, tumor stroma cells or inhibitory immune cells. Importantly, numerous reports have shown therapeutic activity complementary to viral oncolysis for these modalities. Also, challenges for future research have been revealed. Established engineering technologies for both oncolytic viruses and antibodies will enable researchers to address these challenges, facilitating the development of effective viro-antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Wang J, Giragossian C, Hansel S. Analyze impact of tumor-associated kinetics on antibody delivery in solid tumors with a physiologically based pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 168:110-121. [PMID: 34478854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based drugs are critical anti-cancer therapies. Unfortunately, therapeutic efficacy can be compromised by spatially heterogeneous intratumoral Ab deposition. Binding-site barriers arising from Ab and tumor-associated kinetics often underlie this phenomenon. Quantitative insight into these issues may lead to more efficient drug delivery. Difficulties in addressing this issue include (1) lack of techniques to quantify critical kinetic events, (2) lack of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to assess important parameters for specific tumor types, and (3) uncertainty or variability of critical kinetic factors even within a single tumor type. This study developed a mechanism-based PK/PD model to profile heterogeneous distribution of Ab within tumors and tested this model using real-life experimental data. Model simulations incorporating several uncertainties were used to determine how mAb and tumor-associated kinetics influence receptor occupancy. Simulations were also used to predict the potential impact of these findings in preclinical tumor models and human tumors. We found significant differences in tumor-associated kinetics between groups in which mAb therapy was effective versus groups in which it was ineffective. These kinetic differences included rates of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) degradation, TAA expression, apparent flow rates of interstitial fluid, and ratios of Ab-TAA complex internalization to TAA degradation. We found less significant differences in mAb kinetics, including rates of clearance or affinity for target antigens. In conclusion, our mechanism-based PK/PD model suggests that TAA-associated kinetic factors participate more significantly than those associated with the Ab in generating barriers to mAb delivery and distribution in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Craig Giragossian
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Steven Hansel
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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16
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Demin AM, Pershina AG, Minin AS, Brikunova OY, Murzakaev AM, Perekucha NA, Romashchenko AV, Shevelev OB, Uimin MA, Byzov IV, Malkeyeva D, Kiseleva E, Efimova LV, Vtorushin SV, Ogorodova LM, Krasnov VP. Smart Design of a pH-Responsive System Based on pHLIP-Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles for Tumor MRI. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36800-36815. [PMID: 34324807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) are often used to design agents enhancing contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can be considered as one of the efficient methods for cancer diagnostics. At present, increasing the specificity of the MRI contrast agent accumulation in tumor tissues remains an open question and attracts the attention of a wide range of researchers. One of the modern methods for enhancing the efficiency of contrast agents is the use of molecules for tumor acidic microenvironment targeting, for example, pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP). We designed novel organosilicon MNPs covered with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and covalently modified by pHLIP. To study the specific features of the binding of pHLIP-modified MNPs to cells, we also obtained nanoconjugates with Cy5 fluorescent dye embedded in the SiO2 shell. The nanoconjugates obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflection (ATR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV and fluorescence spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN elemental analyses, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Low cytotoxicity and high specificity of cellular uptake of pHLIP-modified MNPs at pH 6.4 versus 7.4 (up to 23-fold) were demonstrated in vitro. The dynamics of the nanoconjugate accumulation in the 4T1 breast cancer orthotopically grown in BALB/c mice and MDA-MB231 xenografts was evaluated in MRI experiments. Biodistribution and biocompatibility studies of the obtained nanoconjugate showed no pathological change in organs and in the blood biochemical parameters of mice after MNP administration. A high accumulation rate of pHLIP-modified MNPs in tumor compared with PEGylated MNPs after their intravenous administration was demonstrated. Thus, we propose a promising approach to design an MRI agent with the tumor acidic microenvironment targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Demin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra G Pershina
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga Ya Brikunova
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Aidar M Murzakaev
- Institute of Electrophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620016 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander V Romashchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg B Shevelev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Uimin
- Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Iliya V Byzov
- Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dina Malkeyeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V Vtorushin
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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17
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Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Örbom A, Altai M, Zedan W, Holmqvist B, Safi M, Tran TA, Strand SE, Strand J. A Conjugation Strategy to Modulate Antigen Binding and FcRn Interaction Leads to Improved Tumor Targeting and Radioimmunotherapy Efficacy with an Antibody Targeting Prostate-Specific Antigen. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143469. [PMID: 34298682 PMCID: PMC8307315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) hu5A10 specifically targets and internalizes prostate cancer cells by binding to prostate specific antigen (PSA). Preclinical evaluations have shown that hu5A10 is an excellent vehicle for prostate cancer (PCa) radiotheranostics. We studied the impact of different chelates and conjugation ratios on hu5A10's target affinity, neonatal fc-receptor interaction on in vivo targeting efficacy, and possible enhanced therapeutic efficacy. METHODS In our experiment, humanized 5A10 (hu5A10) was conjugated with DOTA or DTPA at a molar ratio of 3:1, 6:1, and 12:1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to study antigen and FcRn binding to the antibody conjugates. [111In]hu5A10 radio-immunoconjugates were administered intravenously into BALB/c mice carrying subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts. Serial Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were obtained during the first week. Tumors were harvested and radionuclide distribution was analyzed by autoradiography along with microanatomy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS As seen by SPR, the binding to PSA was clearly affected by the chelate-to-antibody ratio. Similarly, FcRn (neonatal fc-receptor) interacted less with antibodies conjugated at high ratios of chelator, which was more pronounced for DOTA conjugates. The autoradiography data indicated a higher distribution of radioactivity to the rim of the tumor for lower ratios and a more homogenous distribution at higher ratios. Mice injected with ratio 3:1 111In-DOTA-hu5A10 showed no significant difference in tumor volume when compared to mice given vehicle over a time period of 3 weeks. Mice given a similar injection of ratio 6:1 111In-DOTA-hu5A10 or 6:1 111In-DTPA-hu5A10 or 12:1 111In-DTPA-hu5A10 showed significant tumor growth retardation. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the radiolabeling strategy could positively modify the hu5A10's capacity to bind PSA and complex with the FcRn-receptor, which resulted in more homogenous activity distribution in tumors and enhanced therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Wahed Zedan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Bo Holmqvist
- ImaGene-iT AB, Medicon Village, 22363 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Marcella Safi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Thuy A. Tran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanna Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Skane University Hospital, 22243 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-736839033
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18
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Collado Camps E, van Lith SAM, Frielink C, Lankhof J, Dijkgraaf I, Gotthardt M, Brock R. CPPs to the Test: Effects on Binding, Uptake and Biodistribution of a Tumor Targeting Nanobody. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070602. [PMID: 34201507 PMCID: PMC8308549 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are well-established targeting ligands for molecular imaging and therapy. Their short circulation time enables early imaging and reduces systemic radiation exposure. However, shorter circulation time leads to lower tracer accumulation in the target tissue. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) improve cellular uptake of various cargoes, including nanobodies. CPPs could enhance tissue retention without compromising rapid clearance. However, systematic investigations on how the functionalities of nanobody and CPP combine with each other at the level of 2D and 3D cell cultures and in vivo are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that conjugates of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-binding nanobody 7D12 with different CPPs (nonaarginine, penetratin, Tat and hLF) differ with respect to cell binding and induction of endocytosis. For nonaarginine and penetratin we compared the competition of EGF binding and performance of L- and D-peptide stereoisomers, and tested the D-peptide conjugates in tumor cell spheroids and in vivo. The D-peptide conjugates showed better penetration into spheroids than the unconjugated 7D12. Both in vivo and in vitro, the behavior of the agent reflects the combination of both functionalities. Although CPPs cause promising increases in in vitro uptake and 3D penetration, the dominant effect of the CPP in the control of biodistribution warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel Collado Camps
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.C.C.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.A.M.v.L.); (C.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Sanne A. M. van Lith
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.A.M.v.L.); (C.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Cathelijne Frielink
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.A.M.v.L.); (C.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Jordi Lankhof
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.C.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.A.M.v.L.); (C.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.C.C.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 293, Bahrain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-2436-66213
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Zou T, Lu W, Mezhuev Y, Lan M, Li L, Liu F, Cai T, Wu X, Cai Y. A review of nanoparticle drug delivery systems responsive to endogenous breast cancer microenvironment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:30-43. [PMID: 34098073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a malignant disease that seriously threatens women's health, urgently needs to be researched to develop effective and safe therapeutic drugs. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems (NDDS), provide a powerful means for drug targeting to the breast cancer, enhancing the bioavailability and reducing the adverse effects of anticancer drug. However, the breast cancer microenvironment together with heterogeneity of cancer, impedes the tumor targeting effect of NDDS. Breast cancer microenvironment, exerts endogenous stimuli, such as hypoxia, acidosis, and aberrant protease expression, shape a natural shelter for tumor growth, invasion and migration. On the basis of the ubiquitous of endogenous stimuli in the breast cancer microenvironment, researchers exploited them to design the stimuli-responsive NDDS, which response to endogenous stimulus, targeted release drug in breast cancer microenvironment. In this review, we highlighted the effect of the breast cancer microenvironment, summarized innovative NDDS responsive to the internal stimuli in the tumor microenvironment, including the material, the targeting groups, the loading drugs, targeting position and the function of stimuli-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery system. The limitations and potential applications of the stimuli-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery systems for breast cancer treatment were discussed to further the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Guang an'men Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Meng Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lihong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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20
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Palacio-Castañeda V, Dumas S, Albrecht P, Wijgers TJ, Descroix S, Verdurmen WPR. A Hybrid In Silico and Tumor-on-a-Chip Approach to Model Targeted Protein Behavior in 3D Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102461. [PMID: 34070171 PMCID: PMC8158470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Engineered proteins possess a great therapeutic potential, but the development of such therapies is impeded during preclinical studies by the lack of in vitro models that accurately simulate the human physiology. Animal models, on the other hand, also have difficulties predicting human responses, and are ethically concerning. In this study, we employed a hybrid approach where we combined mathematical modeling with 3D in vitro models that mimic aspects of the tumor microenvironment, in order to simulate the delivery of therapeutic proteins targeting cancer cells and to predict the biological activity. By cross-comparing simulated and experimental data from 3D models, we were able to correctly predict the best dose needed to deliver toxic proteins specifically to tumor cells, while leaving the surrounding non-tumor cells untouched. This study shows the potential of combining computational approaches with novel in vitro models to advance the development of protein therapeutics. Abstract To rationally improve targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, new methods combining in silico and physiologically relevant in vitro models are needed. This study combines mathematical modeling with 3D in vitro co-culture models to study the delivery of engineered proteins, called designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), in biomimetic tumor microenvironments containing fibroblasts and tumor cells overexpressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) or human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER2). In multicellular tumor spheroids, we observed strong binding-site barriers in combination with low apparent diffusion coefficients of 1 µm2·s−1 and 2 µm2 ·s−1 for EpCAM- and HER2-binding DARPin, respectively. Contrasting this, in a tumor-on-a-chip model for investigating delivery in real-time, transport was characterized by hindered diffusion as a consequence of the lower local tumor cell density. Finally, simulations of the diffusion of an EpCAM-targeting DARPin fused to a fragment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, which specifically kills tumor cells while leaving fibroblasts untouched, correctly predicted the need for concentrations of 10 nM or higher for extensive tumor cell killing on-chip, whereas in 2D models picomolar concentrations were sufficient. These results illustrate the power of combining in vitro models with mathematical modeling to study and predict the protein activity in complex 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Simon Dumas
- Physico-Chemistry Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Thijmen J. Wijgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Physico-Chemistry Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-24-3614263
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21
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Michigami M, Takahashi K, Yamashita H, Ye Z, Nakase I, Fujii I. A "ligand-targeting" peptide-drug conjugate: Targeted intracellular drug delivery by VEGF-binding helix-loop-helix peptides via receptor-mediated endocytosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247045. [PMID: 33630870 PMCID: PMC7906330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new alternative to antibody-drug conjugates, we generated “ligand-targeting” peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), which utilize receptor-mediated endocytosis for targeted intracellular drug delivery. The PDC makes a complex with an extracellular ligand and then binds to the receptor on the cell surface to stimulate intracellular uptake via the endocytic pathway. A helix-loop-helix (HLH) peptide was designed as the drug carrier and randomized to give a conformationally constrained peptide library. The phage-displayed library was screened against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to yield the binding peptide M49, which exhibited strong binding affinity (KD = 0.87 nM). The confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that peptide M49 formed a ternary complex with VEGF and its receptor, which was then internalized into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via VEGF receptor-mediated endocytosis. The backbone-cyclized peptide M49K was conjugated with a drug, monomethyl auristatin E, to afford a PDC, which inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation. HLH peptides and their PDCs have great potential as a new modality for targeted molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Michigami
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Yamashita
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Fujii
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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22
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Bhandari C, Guirguis M, Savan NA, Shrivastava N, Oliveira S, Hasan T, Obaid G. What NIR photodynamic activation offers molecular targeted nanomedicines: Perspectives into the conundrum of tumor specificity and selectivity. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101052. [PMID: 33552231 PMCID: PMC7864390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) photodynamic activation is playing increasingly critical roles in cutting-edge anti-cancer nanomedicines, which include spatiotemporal control over induction of therapy, photodynamic priming, and phototriggered immunotherapy. Molecular targeted photonanomedicines (mt-PNMs) are tumor-specific nanoscale drug delivery systems, which capitalize on the unparalleled spatio-temporal precision of NIR photodynamic activation to augment the accuracy of tumor tissue treatment. mt-PNMs are emerging as a paradigm approach for the targeted treatment of solid tumors, yet remain highly complex and multifaceted. While ligand targeted nanomedicines in general suffer from interdependent challenges in biophysics, surface chemistry and nanotechnology, mt-PNMs provide distinct opportunities to synergistically potentiate the effects of ligand targeting. This review provides what we believe to be a much-need demarcation between the processes involved in tumor specificity (biomolecular recognition events) and tumor selectivity (preferential tumor accumulation) of ligand targeted nanomedicines, such as mt-PNMs, and elaborate on what NIR photodynamic activation has to offer. We discuss the interplay between both tumor specificity and tumor selectivity and the degree to which both may play central roles in cutting-edge NIR photoactivable nanotechnologies. A special emphasis is made on NIR photoactivable biomimetic nanotechnologies that capitalize on both specificity and selectivity phenomena to augment the safety and efficacy of photodynamic anti-tumor regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Bhandari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Mina Guirguis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - N. Anna Savan
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, U.S
| | - Navadeep Shrivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U.S
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
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23
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Pershina AG, Brikunova OY, Demin AM, Abakumov MA, Vaneev AN, Naumenko VA, Erofeev AS, Gorelkin PV, Nizamov TR, Muslimov AR, Timin AS, Malkeyeva D, Kiseleva E, Vtorushin SV, Larionova IV, Gereng EA, Minin AS, Murzakaev AM, Krasnov VP, Majouga AG, Ogorodova LM. Variation in tumor pH affects pH-triggered delivery of peptide-modified magnetic nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 32:102317. [PMID: 33096245 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acidification of the extracellular matrix, an intrinsic characteristic of many solid tumors, is widely exploited for physiologically triggered delivery of contrast agents, drugs, and nanoparticles to tumor. However, pH of tumor microenvironment shows intra- and inter-tumor variation. Herein, we investigate the impact of this variation on pH-triggered delivery of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with pH-(low)-insertion peptide (pHLIP). Fluorescent flow cytometry, laser confocal scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy data proved that pHLIP-conjugated MNPs interacted with 4T1 cells in two-dimensional culture and in spheroids more effectively at pH 6.4 than at pH 7.2, and entered the cell via clathrin-independent endocytosis. The accumulation efficiency of pHLIP-conjugated MNPs in 4T1 tumors after their intravenous injection, monitored in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging, showed variation. Analysis of the tumor pH profiles recorded with implementation of original nanoprobe pH sensor, revealed obvious correlation between pH measured in the tumor with the amount of accumulated MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Pershina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | | | - Alexander M Demin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maxim A Abakumov
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Vaneev
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Naumenko
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter V Gorelkin
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Medical Nanotechnology LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur R Nizamov
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dina Malkeyeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Vtorushin
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Larionova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center RAS, Tomsk, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Artem S Minin
- Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Aidar M Murzakaev
- Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Dissecting the impact of target-binding kinetics of protein binders on tumor localization. iScience 2021; 24:102104. [PMID: 33615202 PMCID: PMC7881221 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic control of in vivo behavior of protein-based therapeutics is considered highly desirable for improving their clinical outcomes. Modulation of biochemical properties including molecular weight, surface charge, and binding affinity has thus been suggested to enhance their therapeutic effects. However, establishing a relationship between the binding affinity and tumor localization remains a debated issue. Here we investigate the influence of the binding affinity of proteins on tumor localization by using four repebodies having different affinities to EGFR. Biochemical analysis and molecular imaging provided direct evidence that optimal affinity with balanced target binding and dissociation can facilitate deep penetration and accumulation of protein binders in tumors by overcoming the binding-site-barrier effect. Our findings suggest that binding kinetics-based protein design can be implicated in the development of fine-tuned protein therapeutics for cancers. High binding affinity limits the tumor localization of protein binders in vivo Moderate-affinity binders can exhibit better tumor localization than higher binders Binding kinetics of binders play a central role in controlling tumor localization Exploring the optimal affinity of binders can enhance their therapeutic potential
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Grigoletto A, Tedeschini T, Canato E, Pasut G. The evolution of polymer conjugation and drug targeting for the delivery of proteins and bioactive molecules. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1689. [PMID: 33314717 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer conjugation can be considered one of the leading approaches within the vast field of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. In fact, such technology can be exploited for delivering an active molecule, such as a small drug, a protein, or genetic material, or it can be applied to other drug delivery systems as a strategy to improve their in vivo behavior or pharmacokinetic activities such as prolonging the half-life of a drug, conferring stealth properties, providing external stimuli responsiveness, and so on. If on the one hand, polymer conjugation with biotech drug is considered the linchpin of the protein delivery field boasting several products in clinical use, on the other, despite dedicated research, conjugation with low molecular weight drugs has not yet achieved the milestone of the first clinical approval. Some of the primary reasons for this debacle are the difficulties connected to achieving selective targeting to diseased tissue, organs, or cells, which is the main goal not only of polymer conjugation but of all delivery systems of small drugs. In light of the need to achieve better drug targeting, researchers are striving to identify more sophisticated, biocompatible delivery approaches and to open new horizons for drug targeting methodologies leading to successful clinical applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Grigoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tedeschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Canato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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26
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Lee C, Choi M, MacKay JA. Live long and active: Polypeptide-mediated assembly of antibody variable fragments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:1-18. [PMID: 33129938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies possess multiple biologically relevant features that have been engineered into new therapeutic formats. Two examples include the adaptable specificity of their variable (Fv) region and the extension of plasma circulation times through their crystallizable (Fc) region. Since the invention of the single chain variable fragment (scFv) in 1988, antibody variable regions have been re-engineered into a wide variety of multifunctional nanostructures. Among these strategies, peptide-mediated self-assembly of variable regions through heterologous expression has become a powerful method to produce homogenous, functional biomaterials. This manuscript reviews recent reports of antibody fragments assembled through fusion with peptides and proteins, including elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), collagen-like polypeptides (CLPs), albumin, transmembrane proteins, leucine zippers, silk protein, and viruses. This review further discusses the current clinical status of engineered antibody fragments and challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrim Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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27
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Uvyn A, De Geest BG. Multivalent Antibody-Recruiting Macromolecules: Linking Increased Binding Affinity with Enhanced Innate Immune Killing. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3036-3043. [PMID: 32497371 PMCID: PMC7116353 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs) are a novel class of immunotherapeutics. They are capable of introducing antibodies onto disease-relevant targets such as cancer cells, bacterial cells or viruses. This can induce antibody-mediated immune responses such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADCP), which can kill the pathogen. In contrast to the classic ARMs, multivalent ARMs could offer the advantage of increasing the efficiency of antibody recruitment and subsequent innate immune killing. Such compounds consist of multiple target-binding termini (TBT) and/or antibody-binding termini (ABT). Those multivalent interactions are able to convert low binding affinities into increased binding avidities. This minireview summarizes the current status of multivalent ARMs and gives insight into possible benefits, hurdles still to be overcome and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Uvyn
- A. Uvyn, Prof. Dr. B. G. De Geest, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- A. Uvyn, Prof. Dr. B. G. De Geest, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Omstead DT, Mejia F, Sjoerdsma J, Kim B, Shin J, Khan S, Wu J, Kiziltepe T, Littlepage LE, Bilgicer B. In vivo evaluation of CD38 and CD138 as targets for nanoparticle-based drug delivery in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:145. [PMID: 33138841 PMCID: PMC7607744 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-loaded nanoparticles have established their benefits in the fight against multiple myeloma; however, ligand-targeted nanomedicine has yet to successfully translate to the clinic due to insufficient efficacies reported in preclinical studies. METHODS In this study, liposomal nanoparticles targeting multiple myeloma via CD38 or CD138 receptors are prepared from pre-synthesized, purified constituents to ensure increased consistency over standard synthetic methods. These nanoparticles are then tested both in vitro for uptake to cancer cells and in vivo for accumulation at the tumor site and uptake to tumor cells. Finally, drug-loaded nanoparticles are tested for long-term efficacy in a month-long in vivo study by tracking tumor size and mouse health. RESULTS The targeted nanoparticles are first optimized in vitro and show increased uptake and cytotoxicity over nontargeted nanoparticles, with CD138-targeting showing superior enhancement over CD38-targeted nanoparticles. However, biodistribution and tumor suppression studies established CD38-targeted nanoparticles to have significantly increased in vivo tumor accumulation, tumor cell uptake, and tumor suppression over both nontargeted and CD138-targeted nanoparticles due to the latter's poor selectivity. CONCLUSION These results both highlight a promising cancer treatment option in CD38-targeted nanoparticles and emphasize that targeting success in vitro does not necessarily translate to success in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Omstead
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Franklin Mejia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Jenna Sjoerdsma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Baksun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Sabrina Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Junmin Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Tanyel Kiziltepe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
- Harper Center Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Harper Center Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA.
- Harper Center Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Rapid Target Binding and Cargo Release of Activatable Liposomes Bearing HER2 and FAP Single-Chain Antibody Fragments Reveal Potentials for Image-Guided Delivery to Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100972. [PMID: 33076292 PMCID: PMC7650594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes represent suitable tools for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancers. To study the role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as target in cancer imaging and image-guided deliveries, liposomes were encapsulated with an intrinsically quenched concentration of a near-infrared fluorescent dye in their aqueous interior. This resulted in quenched liposomes (termed LipQ), that were fluorescent exclusively upon degradation, dye release, and activation. The liposomes carried an always-on green fluorescent phospholipid in the lipid layer to enable tracking of intact liposomes. Additionally, they were functionalized with single-chain antibody fragments directed to fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a marker of stromal fibroblasts of most epithelial cancers, and to HER2, whose overexpression in 20–30% of all breast cancers and many other cancer types is associated with a poor treatment outcome and relapse. We show that both monospecific (HER2-IL) and bispecific (Bi-FAP/HER2-IL) formulations are quenched and undergo HER2-dependent rapid uptake and cargo release in cultured target cells and tumor models in mice. Thereby, tumor fluorescence was retained in whole-body NIRF imaging for 32–48 h post-injection. Opposed to cell culture studies, Bi-FAP/HER2-IL-based live confocal microscopy of a high HER2-expressing tumor revealed nuclear delivery of the encapsulated dye. Thus, the liposomes have potentials for image-guided nuclear delivery of therapeutics, and also for intraoperative delineation of tumors, metastasis, and tumor margins.
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30
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Tang Y, Cao Y. Modeling the dynamics of antibody-target binding in living tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16764. [PMID: 33028895 PMCID: PMC7542163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have become an attractive class of therapeutic agents for solid tumors, mainly because of their high target selectivity and affinity. The target binding properties of antibodies are critical for their efficacy and toxicity. Our lab has developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) imaging approach that directly supports the measurement of the binding dynamics between antibodies and their targets in the native tumor environment. In the present study, we have developed a spatially resolved computational model analyzing the longitudinal BRET imaging data of antibody–target binding and exploring the mechanisms of biphasic binding dynamics between a model antibody cetuximab and its target, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The model suggested that cetuximab is bound differently to EGFR in the stroma-rich area than in stroma-poor regions, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Compared to the binding in vitro, cetuximab bound to EGFR to a “slower-but-tighter” degree in the living tumors. These findings have provided spatially resolved characterizations of antibody–target binding in living tumors and have yielded many mechanistic insights into the factors that affect antibody interactions with its targets and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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31
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Lazzerini L, Jöhrens K, Sehouli J, Cichon G. Favorable therapeutic response after anti-Mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate treatment requires high expression of Mesothelin in tumor cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:1255-1262. [PMID: 32815024 PMCID: PMC7524828 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell surface glycoprotein Mesothelin is overexpressed in ovarian, fallopian tube, endometrial, cervical and primary peritoneal cancer and, therefore, might become a particular interesting tumor target in gynecologic oncology. However, even in malignant tumors of the same entity the level of Mesothelin expression varies between individuals, hence it can be expected that the response to Mesothelin-targeting therapies will be variable as well. In this study we explored the therapeutic potency of a novel anti-Mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate (Anetumab ravtansine) as a function of Mesothelin expression in the targeted tumor cells. METHODS Anti-tumor activity studies were performed in human uterine xenograft tumor models that express Mesothelin at high, moderate or low levels. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was applied in varying doses ranging from 2 to 15 mg/kg at variable intervals in tumor bearing SCID/beige mice and the impact on tumor growth was monitored. RESULTS The therapeutic response to the anti-Mesothelin ADC correlated closely with the level of Mesothelin expression in tumor cells. Within the applied dose levels complete tumor regression was achieved only in tumors which expressed Mesothelin at particularly high levels (Hela cell tumors). The application of high anti-Mesothelin ADC doses less frequently was more efficious than giving lower doses at a higher frequency. CONCLUSION The studies confirm the great therapeutic potential of Anetumab ravtansine. However, a favorable treatment outcome requires strong Mesothelin expression in tumor cells. Future clinical trials may benefit from a more rigorous selection of appropriate patients based on the level of Mesothelin expression in their tumor tissue. If, in addition, it is possible to better control side effects by introducing protective measures and by doing so to increase the maximum tolerated dose, Anetumab ravtansine has the potency to become a valuable therapeutic tool, especially in the field of gynecological oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Lazzerini
- Department of Gynecology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Schubertstrasse 15, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Cichon
- Department of Gynecology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is emerging as a safe and effective targeted approach to treating many types of cancer. In RPT, radiation is systemically or locally delivered using pharmaceuticals that either bind preferentially to cancer cells or accumulate by physiological mechanisms. Almost all radionuclides used in RPT emit photons that can be imaged, enabling non-invasive visualization of the biodistribution of the therapeutic agent. Compared with almost all other systemic cancer treatment options, RPT has shown efficacy with minimal toxicity. With the recent FDA approval of several RPT agents, the remarkable potential of this treatment is now being recognized. This Review covers the fundamental properties, clinical development and associated challenges of RPT. Radiopharmaceutical therapy is emerging as a safe and effective approach for the treatment of cancer, offering several advantages over existing therapeutic strategies. Here, Sgouros and colleagues provide an overview of the fundamental properties of radiopharmaceutical therapy, discuss agents in use and in clinical development and highlight the associated translational challenges.
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van den Brand D, van Lith SAM, de Jong JM, Gorris MAJ, Palacio-Castañeda V, Couwenbergh ST, Goldman MRG, Ebisch I, Massuger LF, Leenders WPJ, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR. EpCAM-Binding DARPins for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1762. [PMID: 32630661 PMCID: PMC7409335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to late detection associated with dissemination throughout the abdominal cavity. Targeted photodynamic therapy (tPDT) aimed at epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), overexpressed in over 90% of ovarian cancer metastatic lesions, is a promising novel therapeutic modality. Here, we tested the specificity and activity of conjugates of EpCAM-directed designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) with the photosensitizer IRDye 700DX in in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models. EpCAM-binding DARPins (Ec1: Kd = 68 pM; Ac2: Kd = 130 nM) and a control DARPin were site-specifically functionalized with fluorophores or IRDye 700DX. Conjugation of anti-EpCAM DARPins with fluorophores maintained EpCAM-specific binding in cell lines and patient-derived ovarian cancer explants. Penetration of DARPin Ec1 into tumor spheroids was slower than that of Ac2, indicative of a binding site barrier effect for Ec1. DARPin-IRDye 700DX conjugates killed EpCAM-expressing cells in a highly specific and illumination-dependent fashion in 2D and 3D cultures. Furthermore, they effectively homed to EpCAM-expressing subcutaneous OV90 xenografts in mice. In conclusion, the high activity and specificity observed in preclinical ovarian cancer models, combined with a high specificity in patient material, warrant a further investigation of EpCAM-targeted PDT for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van den Brand
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sanne A. M. van Lith
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jelske M. de Jong
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mark A. J. Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Stijn T. Couwenbergh
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mark R. G. Goldman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Inge Ebisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon F. Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - William P. J. Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
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Conner KP, Devanaboyina SC, Thomas VA, Rock DA. The biodistribution of therapeutic proteins: Mechanism, implications for pharmacokinetics, and methods of evaluation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107574. [PMID: 32433985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins (TPs) are a diverse drug class that include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recombinantly expressed enzymes, hormones and growth factors, cytokines (e.g. chemokines, interleukins, interferons), as well as a wide range of engineered fusion scaffolds containing IgG1 Fc domain for half-life extension. As the pharmaceutical industry advances more potent and selective protein-based medicines through discovery and into the clinical stages of development, it has become widely appreciated that a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of TP biodistribution can aid this endeavor. This review aims to highlight the literature that has advanced our understanding of the determinants of TP biodistribution. A particular emphasis is placed on the multi-faceted role of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in mAb and Fc-fusion protein disposition. In addition, characterization of the TP-target interaction at the cell-level is discussed as an essential strategy to establish pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships that may lead to more informed human dose projections during clinical development. Methods for incorporation of tissue and cell-level parameters defining these characteristics into higher-order mechanistic and semi-mechanistic PK models will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kip P Conner
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Siva Charan Devanaboyina
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Veena A Thomas
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Dan A Rock
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Lu G, Fakurnejad S, Martin BA, van den Berg NS, van Keulen S, Nishio N, Zhu AJ, Chirita SU, Zhou Q, Gao RW, Kong CS, Fischbein N, Penta M, Colevas AD, Rosenthal EL. Predicting Therapeutic Antibody Delivery into Human Head and Neck Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2582-2594. [PMID: 31980465 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of antibody-based therapeutics depends on successful drug delivery into solid tumors; therefore, there is a clinical need to measure intratumoral antibody distribution. This study aims to develop and validate an imaging and computation platform to directly quantify and predict antibody delivery into human head and neck cancers in a clinical study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-four patients received systemic infusion of a near-infrared fluorescence-labeled therapeutic antibody followed by surgical tumor resection. A computational platform was developed to quantify the extent of heterogeneity of intratumoral antibody distribution. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to select the most predictive tumor biological factors for antibody delivery. Quantitative image features from the pretreatment MRI were extracted and correlated with fluorescence imaging of antibody delivery. RESULTS This study not only confirmed heterogeneous intratumoral antibody distribution in-line with many preclinical reports, but also quantified the extent of interpatient, intertumor, and intratumor heterogeneity of antibody delivery. This study demonstrated the strong predictive value of tumor size for intratumoral antibody accumulation and its significant impact on antibody distribution in both primary tumor and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, this study established the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced MRI to predict antibody delivery. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a clinically translatable platform to measure antibody delivery into solid tumors and yields valuable insight into clinically relevant antibody tumor penetration, with implications in the selection of patients amenable to antibody therapy and the design of more effective dosing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Brock A Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nynke S van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Stan van Keulen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Naoki Nishio
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ashley J Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Stefania U Chirita
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rebecca W Gao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christina S Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nancy Fischbein
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mrudula Penta
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander D Colevas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. .,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Radioimmunotherapy. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Debie P, Lafont C, Defrise M, Hansen I, van Willigen DM, van Leeuwen FWB, Gijsbers R, D'Huyvetter M, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Mollard P, Hernot S. Size and affinity kinetics of nanobodies influence targeting and penetration of solid tumours. J Control Release 2019; 317:34-42. [PMID: 31734445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A compound's intratumoural distribution is an important determinant for the effectiveness of molecular therapy or imaging. Antibodies (Abs), though often used in the design of targeted compounds, struggle to achieve a homogenous distribution due to their large size and bivalent binding mechanism. In contrast, smaller compounds like nanobodies (Nbs) are expected to distribute more homogenously, though this has yet to be demonstrated in vivo at the microscopic level. We propose an intravital approach to evaluate the intratumoural distribution of different fluorescently labeled monomeric and dimeric Nb tracers and compare this with a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Monomeric and dimeric formats of the anti-HER2 (2Rb17c and 2Rb17c-2Rb17c) and control (R3B23 and R3B23-R3B23) Nb, as well as the dimeric monovalent Nb 2Rb17c-R3B23 were generated and fluorescently labeled with a Cy5 fluorophore. The mAb trastuzumab-Cy5 was also prepared. Whole-body biodistribution of all constructs was investigated in mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts (HER2+ SKOV3) using in vivo epi-fluorescence imaging. Next, for intravital experiments, GFP-expressing SKOV3 cells were grown under dorsal window chambers on athymic nude mice (n = 3/group), and imaged under a fluorescence stereo microscope immediately after intravenous injection of the tracers. Consecutive fluorescence images within the tumour were acquired over the initial 20 min after injection and later, single images were taken at 1, 3 and 24 h post-injection. Additionally, two-photon microscopy was used to investigate the colocalization of GFP (tumour cells) and Cy5 fluorescence (tracers) at higher resolution. Whole-body images showed rapid renal clearance of all Nbs, and fast tumour targeting for the specific Nbs. Specific tumour uptake of the mAb could only be clearly distinguished from background after several hours. Intravital imaging revealed that monomeric Nb tracers accumulated rapidly and distributed homogenously in the tumour mere minutes after intravenous injection. The dimeric compounds initially achieved lower fluorescence intensities than the monomeric. Furthermore, whereas the HER2-specific dimeric bivalent compound remained closely associated to the blood vessels over 24 h, the HER2-specific dimeric monovalent tracer achieved a more homogenous tumour distribution from 1 h post-injection onwards. Non-specific tracers were not retained in the tumour. Trastuzumab had the most heterogenous intratumoural distribution of all evaluated compounds, while -due to the long blood retention- achieving the highest overall tumour uptake at 24 h post-injection. In conclusion, monomeric Nbs very quickly and homogenously distribute through tumour tissue, at a rate significantly greater than dimeric Nbs and mAbs. This underlines the potential of monomeric Nb tracers and therapeutics in molecular imaging and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Chrystel Lafont
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Defrise
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Hansen
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZBrussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice Mollard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Optimizing design parameters of a peptide targeted liposomal nanoparticle in an in vivo multiple myeloma disease model after initial evaluation in vitro. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:190-200. [PMID: 31473250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite ligand-targeted liposomes long garnering interest as drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutics, inconsistency in successful outcomes have hindered their translation into the clinic. This is in part due to discrepancies between in vitro design evaluations and final in vivo outcomes. By employing a multifaceted synthetic strategy to prepare peptide-targeted nanoparticles of high purity, reproducibility, and with precisely controlled quantity of functionalities, we systematically evaluated the individual roles that peptide-linker length, peptide hydrophilicity, peptide density, and nanoparticle size play on cancer cell uptake and tumor targeting both in vitro and in vivo, and how the results correlated and contrasted. These parameters were analyzed using a VLA-4-targeted liposome system in a multiple myeloma mouse xenograft model to evaluate in vivo biodistribution and tumor cell uptake. The results showed that using in vitro models to optimize targeted-nanoparticles for maximum cellular uptake was helpful in narrowing down the particle characteristics. However, in vitro optimization fell short of achieving enhanced results in animal models, rather had negative consequences for in vivo targeting. This outcome is not surprising considering that the receptor being targeted is also present on healthy lymphocytes and increasing targeting peptide valency on particle surfaces results in an increase in non-selective, off-target binding to healthy cells. Hence, further optimization using in vivo models was absolutely necessary, through which we were able to increase the uptake of peptide-targeted liposomes by cancerous cells overexpressing VLA-4 to 15-fold over that of non-targeted liposomes in vivo. The results highlighted the importance of creating a comprehensive understanding of the effect of each liposome design parameter on multifactorial biological endpoints including both in vitro and in vivo in determining the therapeutic potential of peptide-targeted liposomes.
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Cruz E, Kayser V. Monoclonal antibody therapy of solid tumors: clinical limitations and novel strategies to enhance treatment efficacy. Biologics 2019; 13:33-51. [PMID: 31118560 PMCID: PMC6503308 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s166310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a cornerstone in the therapeutic guidelines of a wide range of solid tumors. The targeted nature of these biotherapeutics has improved treatment outcomes by offering enhanced specificity to reduce severe side effects experienced with conventional chemotherapy. Notwithstanding, poor tumor tissue penetration and the heterogeneous distribution achieved therein are prominent drawbacks that hamper the clinical efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Failure to deliver efficacious doses throughout the tumor can lead to treatment failure and the development of acquired resistance mechanisms. Comprehending the morphological and physiological characteristics of solid tumors and their microenvironment that affect tumor penetration and distribution is a key requirement to improve clinical outcomes and realize the full potential of monoclonal antibodies in oncology. This review summarizes the essential architectural characteristics of solid tumors that obstruct macromolecule penetration into the targeted tissue following systemic delivery. It further describes mechanisms of resistance elucidated for blockbuster antibodies for which extensive clinical data exists, as a way to illustrate various modes in which cancer cells can overcome the anticancer activity of therapeutic antibodies. Thereafter, it describes novel strategies designed to improve clinical outcomes of mAbs by increasing potency and/or improving tumor delivery; focusing on the recent clinical success and growing clinical pipeline of antibody-drug conjugates, immune checkpoint inhibitors and nanoparticle-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Li B, Lane LA. Probing the biological obstacles of nanomedicine with gold nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1542. [PMID: 30084539 PMCID: PMC6585966 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite massive growth in nanomedicine research to date, the field still lacks fundamental understanding of how certain physical and chemical features of a nanoparticle affect its ability to overcome biological obstacles in vivo and reach its intended target. To gain fundamental understanding of how physical and chemical parameters affect the biological outcomes of administered nanoparticles, model systems that can systematically manipulate a single parameter with minimal influence on others are needed. Gold nanoparticles are particularly good model systems in this case as one can synthetically control the physical dimensions and surface chemistry of the particles independently and with great precision. Additionally, the chemical and physical properties of gold allow particles to be detected and quantified in tissues and cells with high sensitivity. Through systematic biological studies using gold nanoparticles, insights toward rationally designed nanomedicine for in vivo imaging and therapy can be obtained. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lucas A. Lane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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Saeed M, Zalba S, Seynhaeve ALB, Debets R, Ten Hagen TLM. Liposomes targeted to MHC-restricted antigen improve drug delivery and antimelanoma response. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2069-2089. [PMID: 30988609 PMCID: PMC6440454 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s190736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Chemotherapy at a late stage fails due to low accumulation in tumors, indicating the need for targeted therapy. Materials and methods To increase drug uptake by tumor cells, we have targeted doxorubicin-containing liposomes using a T-cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody (scFv G8 and Hyb3) directed against melanoma antigen A1 (MAGE-A1) presented by human leukocyte antigen A1 (M1/A1). With the use of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we have tested our formulation in vitro. In vivo pharmacokinetics was done in tumor-free nu/nu mice, while biodistribution and efficacy study was done in nu/nu mice xenograft. Results We demonstrated two to five times higher binding and internalization of these immunoliposomes by M1+/A1+ melanoma cells in vitro in comparison with nontargeted liposomes. Cytotoxicity assay showed significant tumor cell kill at 10 µM doxorubicin (DXR) for targeted vs nontargeted liposomes. In vivo pharmacokinetics of nontargeted and targeted liposomes were similar, while accumulation of targeted liposomes was 2- to 2.5-fold and 6.6-fold enhanced when compared with nontargeted liposomes and free drug, respectively. Notably, we showed a superior antitumor activity of MAGE-A1-targeted DXR liposomes toward M1+/A1+ expressing tumors in mice compared with the treatment of M1−/A1+ tumors. Our results indicate that targeted liposomes showed better cytotoxicity in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo. Conclusion Liposomes decorated with TCR-mimicking scFv antibodies effectively and selectively target antigen-positive melanoma. We showed that DXR-loaded liposomes coupled to anti-M1/-A1 scFv inflict a significant antitumor response. Targeting tumor cells specifically promotes internalization of drug-containing nanoparticles and may improve drug delivery and ultimately antitumor efficacy. Our data argue that targeting MAGE in A1 context, by nanosized carriers decorated with TCR-like antibodies mimicking scFv, can be used as a theragnostic platform for drug delivery, immunotherapy, and potentially imaging, and diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesha Saeed
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Sara Zalba
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
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van Oppen LMPE, Pille J, Stuut C, van Stevendaal M, van der Vorm LN, Smeitink JAM, Koopman WJH, Willems PHGM, van Hest JCM, Brock R. Octa-arginine boosts the penetration of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles in 3D cancer models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:175-184. [PMID: 30776413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticles are a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery. As for any type of nanocarrier system, an important challenge remains the ability of deep (tumor) tissue penetration. In this study, ELP particles with controlled surface density of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) octa-arginine (R8) were created by temperature-induced co-assembly. ELPs formed micellar nanoparticles with a diameter of around 60 nm. Cellular uptake in human skin fibroblasts was directly dependent on the surface density of R8 as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Remarkably, next to promoting cellular uptake, the presence of the CPP also enhanced penetration into spheroids generated from human glioblastoma U-87 cells. After 24 h, uptake into cells was observed in multiple layers towards the spheroid core. ELP particles not carrying any CPP did not penetrate. Clearly, a high CPP density exerted a dual benefit on cellular uptake and tissue penetration. At low nanoparticle concentration, there was evidence of a binding site barrier as observed for the penetration of molecules binding with high affinity to cell surface receptors. In conclusion, R8-functionalized ELP nanoparticles form an excellent delivery vehicle that combines tunability of surface characteristics with small and well-defined size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M P E van Oppen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Pille
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Stuut
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Stevendaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa N van der Vorm
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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43
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Benchimol MJ, Bourne D, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals limitations and opportunities for nanomedicine targeting of endothelial and extravascular compartments of tumours. J Drug Target 2019; 27:690-698. [PMID: 30614276 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1566339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of nanoparticles to tumours can potentially improve the specificity of imaging and treatments. We have developed a multicompartmental pharmacokinetic model in order to analyse some of the factors that control efficiency of targeting to intravascular (endothelium) and extravascular (tumour cells and stroma) compartments. We make the assumption that transport across tumour endothelium is an important step for subsequent nanoparticle accumulation in the tumour (area-under-the-curve, AUC) regardless of entry route (interendothelial and transendothelial routes) and study this through a multicompartmental simulation. Our model reveals that increasing endothelial targeting efficiency has a much stronger effect on the AUC than increasing extravascular targeting efficiency. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that both extravasation and intratumoral diffusion rates need to be increased in order to significantly increase the AUC of extravascular-targeted nanoparticles. Increasing the nanoparticle circulation half-life increases the AUC independently of extravasation and intratumoral diffusion. Targeting the extravascular compartment leads to a buildup in the first layer surrounding blood vessels at the expense of deeper layers (binding site barrier). This model explains some of the limitations of tumour targeting and provides important guidelines for the design of targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bourne
- b The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,c Center for Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics , The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- d Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , Aurora , CO , USA.,e School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, King George VI Building , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.,f Division of Stratified Medicine, Biomarkers & Therapeutics , Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- b The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,d Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , Aurora , CO , USA
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Maso K, Grigoletto A, Vicent MJ, Pasut G. Molecular platforms for targeted drug delivery. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:1-50. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Glassman PM, Balthasar JP. Physiologically-based modeling of monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics in drug discovery and development. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 34:3-13. [PMID: 30522890 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important and fastest growing classes of therapeutic molecules, with applications in a wide variety of disease areas. As such, understanding of the determinants of mAb pharmacokinetic (PK) processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) is crucial in developing safe and efficacious therapeutics. In the present review, we discuss the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models as an approach to characterize the in vivo behavior of mAbs, in the context of the key PK processes that should be considered in these models. Additionally, we discuss current and potential future applications of PBPK in the drug discovery and development timeline for mAbs, spanning from identification of potential target molecules to prediction of potential drug-drug interactions. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of currently available PBPK models for mAbs that could be implemented in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214 United States; Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 United States
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214 United States.
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Dalziel M, Beers SA, Cragg MS, Crispin M. Through the barricades: overcoming the barriers to effective antibody-based cancer therapeutics. Glycobiology 2018; 28:697-712. [PMID: 29800150 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the turn of the century, cancer therapy has undergone a transformation in terms of new treatment modalities and renewed optimism in achieving long-lived tumor control and even cure. This is, in large part, thanks to the widespread incorporation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into standard treatment regimens. These new therapies have, across many settings, significantly contributed to improved clinical responses, patient quality of life and survival. Moreover, the flexibility of the antibody platform has led to the development of a wide range of innovative and combinatorial therapies that continue to augment the clinician's armory. Despite these successes, there is a growing awareness that in many cases mAb therapy remains suboptimal, primarily due to inherent limitations imposed by the immune system's own homeostatic controls and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss the principal barriers that act to constrain the tumor-killing activity of antibody-based therapeutics, particularly those involving antibody glycans, using illustrative examples from both pre-clinical and market approved mAbs. We also discuss strategies that have been, or are in development to overcome these obstacles. Finally, we outline how the growing understanding of the biological terrain in which mAbs function is shaping innovation and regulation in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dalziel
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Jiang Z, Yang Z, Li F, Li Z, Fishkin N, Burgess K. Targeted Maytansinoid Conjugate Improves Therapeutic Index for Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2920-2926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nathan Fishkin
- ImmunoGen, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Tsumura R, Manabe S, Takashima H, Koga Y, Yasunaga M, Matsumura Y. Influence of the dissociation rate constant on the intra-tumor distribution of antibody-drug conjugate against tissue factor. J Control Release 2018; 284:49-56. [PMID: 29906553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently considered to be promising agents for cancer therapy. However, especially in solid tumors, the uneven distribution of ADCs would decrease their efficacy in clinical studies. We suggest that in addition to optimizing ADC components, such as the linker structure and anticancer agent, it is necessary to consider the distribution of the ADC within tumor tissue. In this study, we established three kinds of anti-tissue factor (TF) ADCs: 1849ADC with a low kd, 444ADC with an intermediate kd, and 1084ADC with a high kd. All three of the anti-TF ADCs exhibited almost the same in vitro cytotoxicity and pharmacological and biochemical characteristics, although the binding kinetics parameters differed. In vivo, all ADCs exerted equivalent antitumor effects against small BxPC3 tumors. However, on larger BxPC3 tumors, 1084ADC (higher kd) exerted higher antitumor activity than 1849ADC (lower kd). Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining indicated that 1084ADC was distributed throughout the whole tumor, whereas 1849ADC was mainly localized close to tumor vessels. We conclude that the ADC with a higher kd increased the antitumor effect of because it penetrated and distributed evenly throughout the entire solid tumor. These findings highlight the importance of the kd of a mAb in ADC design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Shino Manabe
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Takashima
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
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NKG2D Immunoligand rG7S-MICA Enhances NK Cell-mediated Immunosurveillance in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Immunother 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Penetration in 3D tumor spheroids and explants: Adding a further dimension to the structure-activity relationship of cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1342-1349. [PMID: 29550289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery into tumors and metastases is a major challenge in the eradication of cancers such as epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising group of delivery vehicles to mediate cellular entry of molecules that otherwise poorly enter cells. However, little is known about their penetration behavior in tissues. Here, we investigated penetration of cationic CPPs in 3D ovarian cancer spheroids and patient-derived 3D tumor explants. Penetration kinetics and distribution after long-term incubation were imaged by confocal microscopy. In addition, spheroids and tumor explants were dissociated and cell-associated fluorescence determined by flow cytometry. CPPs with high uptake activity showed enhanced sequestration in the periphery of the spheroid, whereas less active CPPs were able to penetrate deeper into the tissue. CPPs consisting of d-amino acids were advantageous over l-amino acid CPPs as they showed less but long lasting cellular uptake activity, which benefitted penetration and retention over time. In primary tumor cultures, in contrast to nonaarginine, the amphipathic CPP penetratin was strongly sequestered by cell debris and matrix components pointing towards arginine-rich CPPs as a preferred choice. Overall, the data show that testing in 3D models leads to a different choice of the preferred peptide in comparison to a standard 2D cell culture.
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