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Yadav RP, Baranwal S. Kindlin-2 regulates colonic cancer stem-like cells survival and self-renewal via Wnt/β-catenin mediated pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110953. [PMID: 38084837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have emerged as a critical mediator in recurrence and resistance in cancers. Kindlin-isoform (1 and 2) binds with cytoplasmic β-tail of integrin and are essential co-activators of integrin function. Given their important function in regulating cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis, we hypothesize that it might play a critical role in CSC growth, survival, and self-renewal of colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using knockdown approaches, we inhibited Kindlin-2 expression in HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells. Extreme limiting dilution and self-renewal assay were performed to measure the role of Kindlin in colonic CSC. Standard methods such as qRT-PCR and western blotting were carried out to understand the signaling cascade by which Kindlin regulates CSC marker expression and downstream targets. RESULTS Our data show isoform-specific upregulation of Kindlin-2 in colonic CSCs. The silencing of Kindlin-2 reduces colonosphere formation, decreases CSC size, and self-renewal marker genes such as CD-133, CXCR-4, LGR-5, and C-MYC. Kindlin-2 silencing reduces colonosphere proliferation, invasion, and migration of colonic CSCs. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 silencing reduces the expression, and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and decreases β-catenin target genes such as C-MYC, cyclin D1, DKK-1, and Snail-1. CONCLUSION Our study delineates the isoform-specific activity of Kindlin-2 in regulating Colonic CSC. Isoform-specific targeting of Kindlin-2 may be a novel strategy to tackle this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Gastrointestinal Disease Lab, Room 522 Academic Building, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic Science, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, Gastrointestinal Disease Lab, Room 522 Academic Building, Central University of Punjab, School of Basic Science, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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2
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Chirasani VR, Khan MAI, Malavade JN, Dokholyan NV, Hoffman BD, Campbell SL. Molecular basis and cellular functions of vinculin-actin directional catch bonding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8300. [PMID: 38097542 PMCID: PMC10721916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells and tissues to respond differentially to mechanical forces applied in distinct directions is mediated by the ability of load-bearing proteins to preferentially maintain physical linkages in certain directions. However, the molecular basis and biological consequences of directional force-sensitive binding remain unclear. Vinculin (Vcn) is a load-bearing linker protein that exhibits directional catch bonding due to interactions between the Vcn tail domain (Vt) and filamentous (F)-actin. We developed a computational approach to predict Vcn residues involved in directional catch bonding and produced a set of associated Vcn variants with unaltered Vt structure, actin binding, or phospholipid interactions. Incorporation of the variants did not affect Vcn activation but reduced Vcn loading and altered exchange dynamics, consistent with the loss of directional catch bonding. Expression of Vcn variants perturbed the coordination of subcellular structures and cell migration, establishing key cellular functions for Vcn directional catch bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Chirasani
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mohammad Ashhar I Khan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Juilee N Malavade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Chirasani VR, Khan MAI, Malavade JN, Dokholyan NV, Hoffman BD, Campbell SL. Elucidation of the Molecular Basis and Cellular Functions of Vinculin-Actin Directional Catch Bonding. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2334490. [PMID: 36711743 PMCID: PMC9882595 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2334490/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells and tissues to differentially resist or adapt to mechanical forces applied in distinct directions is mediated by the ability of load-bearing proteins to preferentially maintain physical linkages in certain directions. However, the molecular basis and biological consequences of directional force-sensitive binding are unclear. Vinculin (Vcn) is a load-bearing linker protein that exhibits directional catch bonding due to interactions between the Vcn tail domain (Vt) and filamentous (F)-actin. We developed a computational approach to predict Vcn residues involved in directional catch bonding and produced a set of associated Vcn variants with unaltered Vt structure, actin binding, or phospholipid interactions. Incorporation of these variants into Vcn biosensors did not perturb Vcn conformation, but reduced Vcn loading consistent with loss of directional catch bonding. Expression of Vcn variants perturbed the coalignment of FAs and F-actin and directed cell migration, establishing key cellular functions for Vcn directional catch bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R. Chirasani
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mohammad Ashhar I. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Brenton D. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Metsiou DN, Deligianni D, Giannopoulou E, Kalofonos H, Koutras A, Athanassiou G. Adhesion strength and anti-tumor agents regulate vinculin of breast cancer cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811508. [PMID: 36052248 PMCID: PMC9424896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of cancer are strongly associated with the dissipation of adhesion forces between cancer cells, thus facilitating their incessant attachment and detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to move toward metastasis. During this process, cancer cells undergo mechanical stresses and respond to these stresses with membrane deformation while inducing protrusions to invade the surrounding tissues. Cellular response to mechanical forces is inherently related to the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, the dissipation of cell–cell junctions, and the adhesion to the surrounding ECM. Moreover, the role of focal adhesion proteins, and particularly the role of vinculin in cell attachment and detachment during migration, is critical, indicating the tight cell–ECM junctions, which favor or inhibit the metastatic cascade. The biomechanical analysis of these sequences of events may elucidate the tumor progression and the potential of cancer cells for migration and metastasis. In this work, we focused on the evaluation of the spreading rate and the estimation of the adhesion strength between breast cancer cells and ECM prior to and post-treatment with anti-tumor agents. Specifically, different tamoxifen concentrations were used for ER+ breast cancer cells, while even concentrations of trastuzumab and pertuzumab were used for HER2+ cells. Analysis of cell stiffness indicated an increased elastic Young’s modulus post-treatment in both MCF-7 and SKBR-3 cells. The results showed that the post-treatment spreading rate was significantly decreased in both types of breast cancer, suggesting a lower metastatic potential. Additionally, treated cells required greater adhesion forces to detach from the ECM, thus preventing detachment events of cancer cells from the ECM, and therefore, the probability of cell motility, migration, and metastasis was confined. Furthermore, post-detachment and post-treatment vinculin levels were increased, indicating tighter cell–ECM junctions, hence limiting the probability of cell detachment and, therefore, cell motility and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Nektaria Metsiou
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
- *Correspondence: Despoina Nektaria Metsiou, ;
| | - Despina Deligianni
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Haralabos Kalofonos
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - George Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
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5
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Complete Model of Vinculin Suggests the Mechanism of Activation by Helical Super-Bundle Unfurling. Protein J 2022; 41:55-70. [PMID: 35006498 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To shed light onto the activation mechanism of vinculin, we carried out a detailed refinement of chicken vinculin and compared it to the human protein which is greater than 95% identical. Refinement resulted in a complete and significantly improved model. This model includes important elements such as a pro-rich strap region (PRR) and C-terminus. The conformation of the PRR stabilized by its inter- and intra-molecular contacts shows a dynamic, but relatively stable motif that constitutes a docking platform for multiple molecules. The contact of the C-terminus with the PRR suggests that phosphorylation of Tyr1065 might control activation and membrane binding. Improved electron densities showed the presence of large solvent molecules such as phosphates/sulfates and a head-group of PIP2. The improved model allowed for a computational stability analysis to be performed by the program Corex/Best which located numerous hot-spots of increased and decreased stability. Proximity of the identified binding sites for regulatory partners involved in inducing or suppressing the activation of vinculin to the unstable elements sheds new light onto the activation pathway and differential activation. This stability analysis suggests that the activation pathway proceeds by unfurling of the super-bundle built from four bundles of helices without separation of the Vt region (840-1066) from the head. According to our mechanism, when activating proteins bind at the strap region a separation of N and C terminal bundles occurs, followed by unfurling of the super-bundle and flattening of the general shape of the molecule, which exposes the interaction sites for binding of auxiliary proteins.
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6
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Du J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Li S, Chen W, Cui H, Su Y. Draxin inhibits chick trunk neural crest delamination and migration by increasing cell adhesion. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:501-515. [PMID: 34611891 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a multipotent cell population that migrates extensively to play important roles during embryonic development. After acquiring motility, trunk neural crest cells delaminate from the spinal cord and migrate to various regions of the body. Several cellular adhesion molecules, such as vinculin, are involved in the regulation of neural crest delamination and migration. In the present study, we found that draxin could inhibit delamination and migration of neural crest cells from the chick spinal cord and abnormal aggregation of the migrating neural crest cells. In the presence of draxin, the resuspended neural crest regained its adhesive ability such that it was significantly increased. Overexpression of draxin caused increased vinculin expression in vivo. Our data indicate that draxin might control delamination and migration of chick trunk neural crest by increasing cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiqian Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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7
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Mandal P, Belapurkar V, Nair D, Ramanan N. Vinculin-mediated axon growth requires interaction with actin but not talin in mouse neocortical neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5807-5826. [PMID: 34148098 PMCID: PMC11071915 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The actin-binding protein vinculin is a major constituent of focal adhesion, but its role in neuronal development is poorly understood. We found that vinculin deletion in mouse neocortical neurons attenuated axon growth both in vitro and in vivo. Using functional mutants, we found that expression of a constitutively active vinculin significantly enhanced axon growth while the head-neck domain had an inhibitory effect. Interestingly, we found that vinculin-talin interaction was dispensable for axon growth and neuronal migration. Strikingly, expression of the tail domain delayed migration, increased branching, and stunted axon. Inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex or abolishing the tail domain interaction with actin completely reversed the branching phenotype caused by tail domain expression without affecting axon length. Super-resolution microscopy showed increased mobility of actin in tail domain expressing neurons. Our results provide novel insights into the role of vinculin and its functional domains in regulating neuronal migration and axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Mandal
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Belapurkar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Narendrakumar Ramanan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Vilchez Larrea S, Valsecchi WM, Fernández Villamil SH, Lafon Hughes LI. First body of evidence suggesting a role of a tankyrase-binding motif (TBM) of vinculin (VCL) in epithelial cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11442. [PMID: 34123588 PMCID: PMC8164839 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherens junctions (AJ) are involved in cancer, infections and neurodegeneration. Still, their composition has not been completely disclosed. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) as a posttranslational modification. Four PARPs synthesize PAR, namely PARP-1/2 and Tankyrase-1/2 (TNKS). In the epithelial belt, AJ are accompanied by a PAR belt and a subcortical F-actin ring. F-actin depolymerization alters the AJ and PAR belts while PARP inhibitors prevent the assembly of the AJ belt and cortical actin. We wondered which PARP synthesizes the belt and which is the PARylation target protein. Vinculin (VCL) participates in the anchorage of F-actin to the AJ, regulating its functions, and colocalized with the PAR belt. TNKS has been formerly involved in the assembly of epithelial cell junctions. HYPOTHESIS TNKS poly(ADP-ribosylates) (PARylates) epithelial belt VCL, affecting its functions in AJ, including cell shape maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tankyrase-binding motif (TBM) sequences in hVCL gene were identified and VCL sequences from various vertebrates, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans were aligned and compared. Plasma membrane-associated PAR was tested by immunocytofluorescence (ICF) and subcellular fractionation in Vero cells while TNKS role in this structure and cell junction assembly was evaluated using specific inhibitors. The identity of the PARylated proteins was tested by affinity precipitation with PAR-binding reagent followed by western blots. Finally, MCF-7 human breast cancer epithelial cells were subjected to transfection with Tol2-plasmids, carrying a dicistronic expression sequence including Gallus gallus wt VCL (Tol-2-GgVCL), or the same VCL gene with a point mutation in TBM-II (Tol2-GgVCL/*TBM) under the control of a β-actin promoter, plus green fluorescent protein following an internal ribosome entry site (IRES-GFP) to allow the identification of transfected cells without modifying the transfected protein of interest. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this work, some of the hypothesis predictions have been tested. We have demonstrated that: (1) VCL TBMs were conserved in vertebrate evolution while absent in C. elegans; (2) TNKS inhibitors disrupted the PAR belt synthesis, while PAR and an endogenous TNKS pool were associated to the plasma membrane; (3) a VCL pool was covalently PARylated; (4) transfection of MCF-7 cells leading to overexpression of Gg-VCL/*TBM induced mesenchymal-like cell shape changes. This last point deserves further investigation, bypassing the limits of our transient transfection and overexpression system. In fact, a 5th testable prediction would be that a single point mutation in VCL TBM-II under endogenous expression control would induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To check this, a CRISPR/Cas9 substitution approach followed by migration, invasion, gene expression and chemo-resistance assays should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Vilchez Larrea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Wanda Mariela Valsecchi
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini” (IQUIFIB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia H. Fernández Villamil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I. Lafon Hughes
- Grupo de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte (CENUR), Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
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9
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Rangarajan ES, Izard T. The Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Structure of the Cell Adhesion Regulator Metavinculin Reveals an Isoform-Specific Kinked Helix in Its Cytoskeleton Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E645. [PMID: 33440717 PMCID: PMC7827843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin and its heart-specific splice variant metavinculin are key regulators of cell adhesion processes. These membrane-bound cytoskeletal proteins regulate the cell shape by binding to several other proteins at cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Vinculin and metavinculin link integrin adhesion molecules to the filamentous actin network. Loss of both proteins prevents cell adhesion and cell spreading and reduces the formation of stress fibers, focal adhesions, or lamellipodia extensions. The binding of talin at cell-matrix junctions or of α-catenin at cell-cell junctions activates vinculin and metavinculin by releasing their autoinhibitory head-tail interaction. Once activated, vinculin and metavinculin bind F-actin via their five-helix bundle tail domains. Unlike vinculin, metavinculin has a 68-amino-acid insertion before the second α-helix of this five-helix F-actin-binding domain. Here, we present the full-length cryogenic electron microscopy structure of metavinculin that captures the dynamics of its individual domains and unveiled a hallmark structural feature, namely a kinked isoform-specific α-helix in its F-actin-binding domain. Our identified conformational landscape of metavinculin suggests a structural priming mechanism that is consistent with the cell adhesion functions of metavinculin in response to mechanical and cellular cues. Our findings expand our understanding of metavinculin function in the heart with implications for the etiologies of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
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10
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Daum R, Mrsic I, Hutterer J, Junginger A, Hinderer S, Meixner AJ, Gauglitz G, Chassé T, Schenke-Layland K. Fibronectin adsorption on oxygen plasma-treated polyurethane surfaces modulates endothelial cell response. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1647-1660. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02757j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin coating increases implant biocompatibility by enhancing surface endothelialization via integrin-mediated binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Daum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences
- Institute at the University of Tübingen
- 72770 Reutlingen
- Germany
- Department of Women's Health
| | - Ivana Mrsic
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Johanna Hutterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Achim Junginger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Svenja Hinderer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences
- Institute at the University of Tübingen
- 72770 Reutlingen
- Germany
- Department of Women's Health
| | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
- Center for Light–Matter Interaction
| | - Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
- Center for Light–Matter Interaction
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences
- Institute at the University of Tübingen
- 72770 Reutlingen
- Germany
- Department of Women's Health
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11
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Dayem AA, Won J, Goo HG, Yang GM, Seo DS, Jeon BM, Choi HY, Park SE, Lim KM, Jang SH, Lee SB, Choi SB, Kim K, Kang GH, Yeon GB, Kim DS, Cho SG. The immobilization of fibronectin- and fibroblast growth factor 2-derived peptides on a culture plate supports the attachment and proliferation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 43:101700. [PMID: 31981882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a promising tool for regenerative medicine. The clinical application of PSCs inevitably requires a large-scale culture in a highly defined environment. The present study aimed to devise defined coating materials for the efficient adhesion and proliferation of human PSCs (hPSCs). We tested the activity of seven fibronectin-derived peptides and three laminin-derived peptides for the attachment and proliferation of hPSCs through their immobilization on the bottom of culture dishes by creating a fusion protein with the mussel adhesion protein. Among the extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetics tested, one fibronectin-derived peptide, PHSRN-GRGDSP, significantly promoted adhesion, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased pluripotency-related gene expression in hPSCs compared to Matrigel. Furthermore, co-immobilization of a particular canofin peptide derived from fibroblast growth factor 2 increased pluripotency marker expression, which may offer the possibility of culture without growth factor supplementation. Our findings afford a novel defined condition for the efficient culture of hPSCs and may be utilized in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Won
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; AMOGREENTECH, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Gwan Goo
- AMOGREENTECH, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Seo
- AMOGREENTECH, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Min Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Park
- AMOGREENTECH, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Jang
- AMOGREENTECH, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Baek Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Bum Yeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Krokhotin A, Sarker M, Sevilla EA, Costantini LM, Griffith JD, Campbell SL, Dokholyan NV. Distinct Binding Modes of Vinculin Isoforms Underlie Their Functional Differences. Structure 2019; 27:1527-1536.e3. [PMID: 31422909 PMCID: PMC6774862 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin and its splice isoform metavinculin play key roles in regulating cellular morphology, motility, and force transduction. Vinculin is distinct from metavinculin in its ability to bundle filamentous actin (F-actin). To elucidate the molecular basis for these differences, we employed computational and experimental approaches. Results from these analyses suggest that the C terminus of both vinculin and metavinculin form stable interactions with the F-actin surface. However, the metavinculin tail (MVt) domain contains a 68 amino acid insert, with helix 1 (H1) sequestered into a globular subdomain, which protrudes from the F-actin surface and prevents actin bundling by sterically occluding actin filaments. Consistent with our model, deletion and selective point mutations within the MVt H1 disrupt this protruding structure, and facilitate actin bundling similar to vinculin tail (Vt) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Departments of Pathology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Muzaddid Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ernesto Alva Sevilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lindsey M Costantini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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13
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Lee HT, Sharek L, O’Brien ET, Urbina FL, Gupton SL, Superfine R, Burridge K, Campbell SL. Vinculin and metavinculin exhibit distinct effects on focal adhesion properties, cell migration, and mechanotransduction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221962. [PMID: 31483833 PMCID: PMC6726196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin (Vcn) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein that links transmembrane receptors to actin filaments, and plays a key role in regulating cell adhesion, motility, and force transmission. Metavinculin (MVcn) is a Vcn splice isoform that contains an additional exon encoding a 68-residue insert within the actin binding tail domain. MVcn is selectively expressed at sub-stoichiometic amounts relative to Vcn in smooth and cardiac muscle cells. Mutations in the MVcn insert are linked to various cardiomyopathies. In vitro analysis has previously shown that while both proteins can engage filamentous (F)-actin, only Vcn can promote F-actin bundling. Moreover, we and others have shown that MVcn can negatively regulate Vcn-mediated F-actin bundling in vitro. To investigate functional differences between MVcn and Vcn, we stably expressed either Vcn or MVcn in Vcn-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. While both MVcn and Vcn were observed at FAs, MVcn-expressing cells had larger but fewer focal adhesions per cell compared to Vcn-expressing cells. MVcn-expressing cells migrated faster and exhibited greater persistence compared to Vcn-expressing cells, even though Vcn-containing FAs assembled and disassembled faster. Magnetic tweezer measurements on Vcn-expressing cells show a typical cell stiffening phenotype in response to externally applied force; however, this was absent in Vcn-null and MVcn-expressing cells. Our findings that MVcn expression leads to larger but fewer FAs per cell, in conjunction with the inability of MVcn to bundle F-actin in vitro and rescue the cell stiffening response, are consistent with our previous findings of actin bundling deficient Vcn variants, suggesting that deficient actin-bundling may account for some of the differences between Vcn and MVcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunna T. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Sharek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E. Timothy O’Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fabio L. Urbina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Taokaew S, Alghunaim A, Newby BMZ. Zosteric Acid, a Bioactive Component in Eelgrass Zostera marina, Reduced Collagen I Expression in a Repaired Mouse Fibroblast Scratch. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19850713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zosteric acid (ZA), a bioactive component in Zostera marina eelgrass, was applied to assess closure of normal mouse fibroblast scratch and collagen I expression. The cytotoxicity of ZA on the fibroblast at different ZA concentrations was evaluated. ZA showed low toxicity with ~80% of cell viability at a concentration of ~1600 ppm. A single scratch (~1500 μm) was made on a layer of fibroblast, and collagen expression was determined after 72 hours when the scratch fully closed for both ZA-treated and untreated samples. Compared to control, the ZA-treated cells were slightly less dense and randomly oriented in the closure region and had lower actin and vinculin expressions. The total collagen expressions were comparable to the control, whereas collagen I expression of the mouse fibroblast treated with 1600 ppm of ZA was significantly lower than untreated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Taokaew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Abdullah Alghunaim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, USA
| | - Bi-min Zhang Newby
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, USA
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Tian J, Shan J, Hu Y, Zhai Y, Guo J. Talin promotes integrin activation accompanied by generation of tension in talin and an increase in osmotic pressure in neurite outgrowth. FASEB J 2019; 33:6311-6326. [PMID: 30768370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801949rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal polarization depends on the interaction of intracellular chemical and mechanical activities in which the cytoplasmic protein, talin, plays a pivotal role during neurite growth. To better understand the mechanism underlying talin function in neuronal polarization, we overexpressed several truncated forms of talin and found that the presence of the rod domain within the overexpressed talin is required for its positive effect on neurite elongation because the neurite number only increased when the talin head region was overexpressed. The tension in the talin rod was recognized using a Förster resonance energy transfer-based tension probe. Nerve growth factor treatment resulted in inward tension of talin elicited by microfilament force and outward osmotic pressure. By contrast, the glial scar-inhibitor aggrecan weakened these forces, suggesting that interactions between inward pull forces in the talin rod and outward osmotic pressure participate in neuronal polarization. Integrin activation is also involved in up-regulation of talin tension and osmotic pressure. Aggrecan stimuli resulted in up-regulation of docking protein 1 (DOK1), leading to the down-regulation of integrin activity and attenuation of the intracellular mechanical force. Our study suggests interactions between the intracellular inward tension in talin and the outward osmotic pressure as the effective channel for promoting neurite outgrowth, which can be up-regulated by integrin activation and down-regulated by DOK1.-Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Tian, J., Shan, J., Hu, Y., Zhai, Y., Guo, J. Talin promotes integrin activation accompanied by generation of tension in talin and an increase in osmotic pressure in neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jilai Tian
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Yu Q, Xu L, Chen L, Sun B, Yang Z, Lu K, Yang Z. Vinculin expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519839523. [PMID: 30947597 PMCID: PMC7140223 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519839523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, Jiangsu, China.,Qiuli Yu and Liqin Xu contributed equally to this work
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Qiuli Yu and Liqin Xu contributed equally to this work
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baier Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunqin Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Onochie OE, Onyejose AJ, Rich CB, Trinkaus-Randall V. The Role of Hypoxia in Corneal Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Cell Motility. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1703-1716. [PMID: 30861330 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is an excellent model tissue to study how cells adapt to periods of hypoxia as it is naturally exposed to diurnal fluxes in oxygen. It is avascular, transparent, and highly innervated. In certain pathologies, such as diabetes, limbal stem cell deficiency, or trauma, the cornea may be exposed to hypoxia for variable lengths of time. Due to its avascularity, the cornea requires atmospheric oxygen, and a reduction in oxygen availability can impair its physiology and function. We hypothesize that hypoxia alters membrane stiffness and the deposition of matrix proteins, leading to changes in cell migration, focal adhesion formation, and wound repair. Two systems-a 3D corneal organ culture model and polyacrylamide substrates of varying stiffness-were used to examine the response of corneal epithelium to normoxic and hypoxic environments. Exposure to hypoxia alters the deposition of the matrix proteins such as laminin and Type IV collagen. In addition, previous studies had shown a change in fibronectin after injury. Studies performed on matrix-coated acrylamide substrates ranging from 0.2 to 50 kPa revealed stiffness-dependent changes in cell morphology. The localization, number, and length of paxillin pY118- and vinculin pY1065-containing focal adhesions were different in wounded corneas and in human corneal epithelial cells incubated in hypoxic environments. Overall, these results demonstrate that low-oxygenated environments modify the composition of the extracellular matrix, basal lamina stiffness, and focal adhesion dynamics, leading to alterations in the function of the cornea. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obianamma E Onochie
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anwuli J Onyejose
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celeste B Rich
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vickery Trinkaus-Randall
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Rahikainen R, Öhman T, Turkki P, Varjosalo M, Hytönen VP. Talin-mediated force transmission and talin rod domain unfolding independently regulate adhesion signaling. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs226514. [PMID: 30837291 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin protein is one of the key components in integrin-mediated adhesion complexes. Talins transmit mechanical forces between β-integrin and actin, and regulate adhesion complex composition and signaling through the force-regulated unfolding of talin rod domain. Using modified talin proteins, we demonstrate that these functions contribute to different cellular processes and can be dissected. The transmission of mechanical forces regulates adhesion complex composition and phosphotyrosine signaling even in the absence of the mechanically regulated talin rod subdomains. However, the presence of the rod subdomains and their mechanical activation are required for the reinforcement of the adhesion complex, cell polarization and migration. Talin rod domain unfolding was also found to be essential for the generation of cellular signaling anisotropy, since both insufficient and excess activity of the rod domain severely inhibited cell polarization. Utilizing proteomics tools, we identified adhesome components that are recruited and activated either in a talin rod-dependent manner or independently of the rod subdomains. This study clarifies the division of roles between the force-regulated unfolding of a talin protein (talin 1) and its function as a physical linker between integrins and the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Paula Turkki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
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19
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Sarker M, Lee HT, Mei L, Krokhotin A, de Los Reyes SE, Yen L, Costantini LM, Griffith J, Dokholyan NV, Alushin GM, Campbell SL. Cardiomyopathy Mutations in Metavinculin Disrupt Regulation of Vinculin-Induced F-Actin Assemblies. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1604-1618. [PMID: 30844403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Debilitating heart conditions, notably dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (CMs), are associated with point mutations in metavinculin, a larger isoform of the essential cytoskeletal protein vinculin. Metavinculin is co-expressed with vinculin at sub-stoichiometric ratios in cardiac tissues. CM mutations in the metavinculin tail domain (MVt) occur within the extra 68-residue insert that differentiates it from the vinculin tail domain (Vt). Vt binds actin filaments (F-actin) and promotes vinculin dimerization to bundle F-actin into thick fibers. While MVt binds to F-actin in a similar manner to Vt, MVt is incapable of F-actin bundling and inhibits Vt-mediated F-actin bundling. We performed F-actin co-sedimentation and negative-stain EM experiments to dissect the coordinated roles of metavinculin and vinculin in actin fiber assembly and the effects of three known metavinculin CM mutations. These CM mutants were found to weakly induce the formation of disordered F-actin assemblies. Notably, they fail to inhibit Vt-mediated F-actin bundling and instead promote formation of large assemblies embedded with linear bundles. Computational models of MVt bound to F-actin suggest that MVt undergoes a conformational change licensing the formation of a protruding sub-domain incorporating the insert, which sterically prevents dimerization and bundling of F-actin by Vt. Sub-domain formation is destabilized by CM mutations, disrupting this inhibitory mechanism. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the ability of metavinculin to tune actin organization by vinculin and suggest that dysregulation of this process by CM mutants could underlie their malfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaddid Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hyunna T Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Laura Yen
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Lindsey M Costantini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jack Griffith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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20
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Rosowski KA, Boltyanskiy R, Xiang Y, Van den Dries K, Schwartz MA, Dufresne ER. Vinculin and the mechanical response of adherent fibroblasts to matrix deformation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17967. [PMID: 30568231 PMCID: PMC6299284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to the mechanics of their environment. Mechanical cues include extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and deformation, which are primarily sensed through integrin-mediated adhesions. We investigated the impact of ECM deformation on cellular forces, measuring the time-evolution of traction forces of isolated mouse fibroblasts in response to stretch and release. Stretch triggered a marked increase of traction stresses and apparent stiffness. Expression of the focal adhesion protein vinculin not only increased baseline traction forces, but also increased dissipation of mechanical energy, which was correlated with the cells’ failure to recover baseline traction forces after release of stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Rosowski
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Rostislav Boltyanskiy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yingjie Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Koen Van den Dries
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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21
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Ntantie E, Allen MJ, Fletcher J, Nkembo AT, Lamango NS, Ikpatt OF. Suppression of focal adhesion formation may account for the suppression of cell migration, invasion and growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells following treatment with polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25781-25795. [PMID: 29899821 PMCID: PMC5995249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory cells form extracellular matrix attachments called focal-adhesions. Focal adhesion assembly and disassembly are regulated by the Rho family of small GTPases. We previously reported that polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) suppress Rho protein levels, disrupting F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling in the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia. In this study, we investigated whether these observations effect focal adhesion formation, which involves cell surface receptors known as integrins and several signaling/adaptor proteins such as vinculin, α-actinin, Rock kinases and phospho-Myosin Light Chain-2 (p-MLC-2), that foster the linkage of the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. We observed that treatment of H1299 cells with 5 μM PCAIs for 24 h markedly diminished the level of full-length integrin α4 by at least 24% relative to controls. PCAIs at 5 μM, diminished the levels of vinculin by at least 50%. Immunofluorescent analysis showed at least a 76% decrease in the number of vinculin-focal adhesion punctates. In addition, PCAIs diminished Rock1 levels by 25% and its substrate, p-MLC-2 by 75%. PCAIs did not significantly alter the levels of integrin β5, α-actinin, and Rock2, suggesting that the effects of the PCAIs are target specific. Our data indicate that the PCAIs alter the levels of the Rho proteins and their effectors to abrogate their functions in cytoskeleton remodeling thereby suppressing focal adhesion formation. This in turn results in a PCAIs-induced decrease in cell invasion, thus making the PCAIs propitious agents for the inhibition of cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ntantie
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Michaela J. Allen
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Jerrine Fletcher
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Augustine T. Nkembo
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Nazarius S. Lamango
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Offiong F. Ikpatt
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33027, USA
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22
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Jalali BM, Likszo P, Andronowska A, Skarzynski DJ. Alterations in the distribution of actin and its binding proteins in the porcine endometrium during early pregnancy: Possible role in epithelial remodeling and embryo adhesion. Theriogenology 2018; 116:17-27. [PMID: 29763784 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
During early pregnancy, uterine epithelial cells undergo major transformations in their cytoskeleton that make the endometrium receptive for conceptus attachment. Actin binding proteins (ABPs) such as cofilin, gelsolin, and vinculin are involved in regulating actin polymerization, severing or crosslinking actin to integrins. However, whether ABPs are involved in epithelial remodeling or embryo adhesion in pigs is unknown. Therefore, the expression and distribution of these proteins were investigated in porcine endometrium on Days 10 and 13 (pre-implantation period), and 16 (attachment phase) of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. While day and pregnancy status had no effect on ABP gene expression, the protein abundance of vinculin was significantly higher on Day 13 than on Day 10 (p < 0.05) of the estrous cycle, and its abundance was highest on Day 16 in the pregnant endometrium. Immunofluorescent staining showed alterations in the distribution of these proteins depending on the day of the estrous cycle or early pregnancy examined. Double immunofluorescent staining for the ABPs and actin revealed that while cofilin co-localized with actin in the apical epithelium on Days 13 and 16 of the estrous cycle, in pregnant animals, it was strongly associated with actin in the sub-epithelial stroma of the endometrium. Gelsolin was also co-localized with actin in the apical epithelium on Days 13 and 16 of the estrous cycle, but this association was absent in the pregnant endometrium. Vinculin co-localized with actin in the sub-epithelial stroma on Days 13 and 16 irrespective of the reproductive status, but was additionally associated with actin in the apical epithelium on Day 16 of pregnancy. Vinculin interacted with phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase in the endometrial epithelium, and the interaction was dependent on estradiol-17β, a conceptus-secreted pregnancy-recognition factor in pigs. Furthermore, silencing vinculin in the endometrial epithelial cells negatively affected trophoblast adhesion to them. In conclusion, the influence of stage and reproductive status on the specific localization of actin and its binding proteins in the porcine endometrium suggests that they play a role in regulating the endometrial cytoskeleton. Moreover, vinculin may facilitate conceptus attachment to the epithelium by interacting with focal adhesion kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenu Moza Jalali
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Pawel Likszo
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Skarzynski
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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23
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Proietti S, Catizone A, Masiello MG, Dinicola S, Fabrizi G, Minini M, Ricci G, Verna R, Reiter RJ, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Increase in motility and invasiveness of MCF7 cancer cells induced by nicotine is abolished by melatonin through inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. J Pineal Res 2018; 64:e12467. [PMID: 29338098 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Through activation of the ERK pathway, nicotine, in both normal MCF-10A and low-malignant breast cancer cells (MCF7), promotes increased motility and invasiveness. Melatonin antagonizes both these effects by inhibiting almost completely ERK phosphorylation. As melatonin has no effect on nonstimulated cells, it is likely that melatonin can counteract ERK activation only downstream of nicotine-induced activation. This finding suggests that melatonin hampers ERK phosphorylation presumably by targeting a still unknown intermediate factor that connects nicotine stimulation to ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, downstream of ERK activation, melatonin significantly reduces fascin and calpain activation while restoring normal vinculin levels. Melatonin also counteracts nicotine effects by reshaping the overall cytoskeleton architecture and abolishing invasive membrane protrusion. In addition, melatonin decreases nicotine-dependent ROCK1/ROCK2 activation, thus further inhibiting cell contractility and motility. Melatonin actions are most likely attributable to ERK inhibition, although melatonin could display other ERK-independent effects, namely through a direct modulation of additional molecular and structural factors, including coronin, cofilin, and cytoskeleton components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Masiello
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Dinicola
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fabrizi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Verna
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Systems Biology Group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Ahmed M, Ramos T, Wieringa P, Blitterswijk CV, Boer JD, Moroni L. Geometric constraints of endothelial cell migration on electrospun fibres. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6386. [PMID: 29686428 PMCID: PMC5913261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds that can form a template for tissue growth and repair forms the basis of many tissue engineering paradigms. Cell migration and colonisation is an important, and often overlooked, first step. In this study, fibrous guidance structures were produced via electrospinning and the effect of physical features such as fibre diameter (ranging from 500 nm to 10 μm) on endothelial cell migration was assessed. Using a modified wound healing assay, fibre diameter was found to have a significant effect on the rate of wound closure and the peak migration velocity of the cells with scaffold diameter shown to influence both morphology and alignment of the migrating cells. The expression, phosphorylation and distribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was disrupted on the different scaffolds with small-diameter scaffolds exhibiting increased FAK phosphorylation with the kinase present in the cytosol whereas on large-diameter scaffolds FAK was largely restricted to focal adhesions at the cell periphery. This study demonstrates that electrospun scaffolds can be used to model cell migration on fibrous substrates, and particularly for the studying effects of physical features of the substrate, and that FAK is a key mediator of cell-scaffold interactions on migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmed
- University of Twente, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Tiago Ramos
- University of Twente, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Oporto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul Wieringa
- University of Twente, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- University of Twente, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- University of Twente, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- University of Twente, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands. .,Maastricht University, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
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25
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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26
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He K, Sakai T, Tsukasaki Y, Watanabe TM, Ikebe M. Myosin X is recruited to nascent focal adhesions at the leading edge and induces multi-cycle filopodial elongation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13685. [PMID: 29057977 PMCID: PMC5651867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia protrude from the leading edge of cells and play important roles in cell motility. Here we report the mechanism of myosin X (encoded by Myo10)-induced multi-cycle filopodia extension. We found that actin, Arp2/3, vinculin and integrin-β first accumulated at the cell's leading edge. Myosin X was then gathered at these sites, gradually clustered by lateral movement, and subsequently initiated filopodia formation. During filopodia extension, we found the translocation of Arp2/3 and integrin-β along filopodia. Arp2/3 and integrin-β then became localized at the tip of filopodia, from where myosin X initiated the second extension of filopodia with a change in extension direction, thus producing long filopodia. Elimination of integrin-β, Arp2/3 and vinculin by siRNA significantly attenuated the myosin-X-induced long filopodia formation. We propose the following mechanism. Myosin X accumulates at nascent focal adhesions at the cell's leading edge, where myosin X promotes actin convergence to create the base of filopodia. Then myosin X moves to the filopodia tip and attracts integrin-β and Arp2/3 for further actin nucleation. The tip-located myosin X then initiates the second cycle of filopodia elongation to produce the long filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin He
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX75708, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX75708, USA.,Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Osaka, 5650874, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan. .,Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Osaka, 5650874, Japan. .,World Premier International Research Center Initiative, iFReC, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX75708, USA.
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27
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Huang DL, Bax NA, Buckley CD, Weis WI, Dunn AR. Vinculin forms a directionally asymmetric catch bond with F-actin. Science 2017; 357:703-706. [PMID: 28818948 PMCID: PMC5821505 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is an actin-binding protein thought to reinforce cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. However, how mechanical load affects the vinculin-F-actin bond is unclear. Using a single-molecule optical trap assay, we found that vinculin forms a force-dependent catch bond with F-actin through its tail domain, but with lifetimes that depend strongly on the direction of the applied force. Force toward the pointed (-) end of the actin filament resulted in a bond that was maximally stable at 8 piconewtons, with a mean lifetime (12 seconds) 10 times as long as the mean lifetime when force was applied toward the barbed (+) end. A computational model of lamellipodial actin dynamics suggests that the directionality of the vinculin-F-actin bond could establish long-range order in the actin cytoskeleton. The directional and force-stabilized binding of vinculin to F-actin may be a mechanism by which adhesion complexes maintain front-rear asymmetry in migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Huang
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas A Bax
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Craig D Buckley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William I Weis
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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28
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De Pascalis C, Etienne-Manneville S. Single and collective cell migration: the mechanics of adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1833-1846. [PMID: 28684609 PMCID: PMC5541834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and physical properties of the environment control cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in the long term. However, to be able to move and migrate through a complex three-dimensional environment, cells must quickly adapt in the short term to the physical properties of their surroundings. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur through focal adhesions or hemidesmosomes via the engagement of integrins with fibrillar ECM proteins. Cells also interact with their neighbors, and this involves various types of intercellular adhesive structures such as tight junctions, cadherin-based adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Mechanobiology studies have shown that cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions participate in mechanosensing to transduce mechanical cues into biochemical signals and conversely are responsible for the transmission of intracellular forces to the extracellular environment. As they migrate, cells use these adhesive structures to probe their surroundings, adapt their mechanical properties, and exert the appropriate forces required for their movements. The focus of this review is to give an overview of recent developments showing the bidirectional relationship between the physical properties of the environment and the cell mechanical responses during single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Pascalis
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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29
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Dwivedi M, Winter R. Binding of Vinculin to Lipid Membranes in Its Inhibited and Activated States. Biophys J 2017; 111:1444-1453. [PMID: 27705767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositols are an important class of phospholipids that are involved in a myriad of cellular processes, from cell signaling to motility and adhesion. Vinculin (Vn) is a major adaptor protein that regulates focal adhesions in conjunction with PIP2 in lipid membranes and other cytoskeletal components. The binding and unbinding transitions of Vn at the membrane interface are an important link to understanding the coordination of cell signaling and motility. Using different biophysical tools, including atomic force microscopy combined with confocal fluorescence microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we studied the nanoscopic interactions of activated and autoinhibited states of Vn with lipid membranes. We hypothesize that a weak interaction occurs between Vn and lipid membranes, which leads to binding of autoinhibited Vn to supported lipid bilayers, and to unbinding in freestanding lipid vesicles. Likely driving forces may include tethering of the C-terminus to the lipid membrane, as well as hydrophobic helix-membrane interactions. Conversely, activated Vn binds strongly to membranes through specific interactions with clusters of PIP2 embedded in lipid membranes. Activated Vn harbored on PIP2 clusters may form small oligomeric interaction platforms for further interaction partners, which is necessary for the proper function of focal adhesion points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Dwivedi
- Physical Chemistry I, Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I, Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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30
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Guimarães E, Machado R, Fonseca MDC, França A, Carvalho C, Araújo e Silva AC, Almeida B, Cassini P, Hissa B, Drumond L, Gonçalves C, Fernandes G, De Brot M, Moraes M, Barcelos L, Ortega JM, Oliveira A, Leite MF. Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate-dependent nuclear calcium signals regulate angiogenesis and cell motility in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175041. [PMID: 28376104 PMCID: PMC5380351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in nuclear calcium concentration generate specific biological outcomes that differ from those resulting from increased cytoplasmic calcium. Nuclear calcium effects on tumor cell proliferation are widely appreciated; nevertheless, its involvement in other steps of tumor progression is not well understood. Therefore, we evaluated whether nuclear calcium is essential in other additional stages of tumor progression, including key steps associated with the formation of the primary tumor or with the metastatic cascade. We found that nuclear calcium buffering impaired 4T1 triple negative breast cancer growth not just by decreasing tumor cell proliferation, but also by enhancing tumor necrosis. Moreover, nuclear calcium regulates tumor angiogenesis through a mechanism that involves the upregulation of the anti-angiogenic C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10-IP10). In addition, nuclear calcium buffering regulates breast tumor cell motility, culminating in less cell invasion, likely due to enhanced vinculin expression, a focal adhesion structural protein. Together, our results show that nuclear calcium is essential for triple breast cancer angiogenesis and cell migration and can be considered as a promising strategic target for triple negative breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Guimarães
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences, Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andressa França
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Brígida Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Hissa
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Drumond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes
- Genomics Sciences and Biotechnology of Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marina De Brot
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M. Fátima Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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31
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Thompson PM, Ramachandran S, Case LB, Tolbert CE, Tandon A, Pershad M, Dokholyan NV, Waterman CM, Campbell SL. A Structural Model for Vinculin Insertion into PIP 2-Containing Membranes and the Effect of Insertion on Vinculin Activation and Localization. Structure 2017; 25:264-275. [PMID: 28089450 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin, a scaffolding protein that localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) and adherens junctions, links the actin cytoskeleton to the adhesive super-structure. While vinculin binds to a number of cytoskeletal proteins, it can also associate with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to drive membrane association. To generate a structural model for PIP2-dependent interaction of vinculin with the lipid bilayer, we conducted lipid-association, nuclear magnetic resonance, and computational modeling experiments. We find that two basic patches on the vinculin tail drive membrane association: the basic collar specifically recognizes PIP2, while the basic ladder drives association with the lipid bilayer. Vinculin mutants with defects in PIP2-dependent liposome association were then expressed in vinculin knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts. Results from these analyses indicate that PIP2 binding is not required for localization of vinculin to FAs or FA strengthening, but is required for vinculin activation and turnover at FAs to promote its association with the force transduction FA nanodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Srinivas Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lindsay B Case
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caitlin E Tolbert
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arpit Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mihir Pershad
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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32
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Herath SCB, Sharghi-Namini S, Du Y, Wang D, Ge R, Wang QG, Asada H, Chen PCY. A Magneto-Microfluidic System for Investigating the Influence of an Externally Induced Force Gradient in a Collagen Type I ECM on HMVEC Sprouting. SLAS Technol 2016; 22:413-424. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068216680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in mechanobiology have suggested that physiological and pathological angiogenesis may be differentiated based on the ways in which the cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) that exhibits partially different mechanical properties. This warrants investigating the regulation of ECM stiffness on cell behavior using angiogenesis assays. In this article, we report the application of the technique of active manipulation of ECM stiffness to study in vitro angiogenic sprouting of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) in a microfluidic device. Magnetic beads were embedded in the ECM through bioconjugation (between the streptavidin-coated beads and collagen fibers) in order to create a pretension in the ECM when under the influence of an external magnetic field. The advantage of using this magneto-microfluidic system is that the resulting change in the local deformability of the collagen fibers is only apparent to a cell at the pericellular level near the site of an embedded bead, while the global intrinsic material properties of the ECM remain unchanged. The results demonstrate that this system represents an effective tool for inducing noninvasively an external force on cells through the ECM, and suggest the possibility of creating desired stiffness gradients in the ECM for manipulating cell behavior in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahan C. B. Herath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Soheila Sharghi-Namini
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Dongan Wang
- Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Guo Wang
- Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harry Asada
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter C. Y. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
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Abstract
Directed cell migration is a crucial orchestrated process in embryonic development, wound healing, and immune response. The underlying substrate can provide physical and/or chemical cues that promote directed cell migration. Here, using electrospinning we developed substrates of aligned poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibres to study the influence of glial cells on endothelial cells (ECs) in a 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture model. ECs build blood vessels and regulate their plasticity in coordination with neurons. Likewise, neurons construct nerves and regulate their circuits in coordination with ECs. In our model, the neuro-vascular cross-talk was assessed using a direct co-culture model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat Schwann cells (rSCs). The effect of rSCs on ECs behavior was demonstrated by earlier and higher velocity values and genetic expression profiles different of those of HUVECs when seeded alone. We observed 2 different gene expression trends in the co-culture models: (i) a later gene expression of angiogenic factors, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and (ii) an higher gene expression of genes involved in actin filaments rearrangement, such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPKAPK13), Vinculin (VCL), and Profilin (PROF). These results suggested that the higher ECs migration is mainly due to proteins involved in the actin filaments rearrangement and in the directed cell migration rather than the effect of angiogenic factors. This co-culture model provides an approach to enlighten the neurovascular interactions, with particular focus on endothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ramos
- a Faculty of Engineering; University of Oporto ; Porto , Portugal.,b University of Twente ; Department of Tissue Regeneration ; Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- b University of Twente ; Department of Tissue Regeneration ; Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- b University of Twente ; Department of Tissue Regeneration ; Enschede , The Netherlands.,c Maastricht University ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration ; Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- b University of Twente ; Department of Tissue Regeneration ; Enschede , The Netherlands.,c Maastricht University ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration ; Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Differential lipid binding of vinculin isoforms promotes quasi-equivalent dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9539-44. [PMID: 27503891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600702113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death globally remains debilitating heart conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which are often due to mutations of specific components of adhesion complexes. Vinculin regulates these complexes and plays essential roles in intercalated discs that are necessary for muscle cell function and coordinated movement and in the development and function of the heart. Humans bearing familial or sporadic mutations in vinculin suffer from chronic, progressively debilitating DCM that ultimately leads to cardiac failure and death, whereas autosomal dominant mutations in vinculin can also provoke HCM, causing acute cardiac failure. The DCM/HCM-associated mutants of vinculin occur in the 68-residue insert unique to the muscle-specific, alternatively spliced isoform of vinculin, termed metavinculin (MV). Contrary to studies that suggested that phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) only induces vinculin homodimers, which are asymmetric, we show that phospholipid binding results in a domain-swapped symmetric MV dimer via a quasi-equivalent interface compared with vinculin involving R975. Although one of the two PIP2 binding sites is preserved, the symmetric MV dimer that bridges two PIP2 molecules differs from the asymmetric vinculin dimer that bridges only one PIP2 Unlike vinculin, wild-type MV and the DCM/HCM-associated R975W mutant bind PIP2 in their inactive conformations, and R975W MV fails to dimerize. Mutating selective vinculin residues to their corresponding MV residues, or vice versa, switches the isoform's dimeric constellation and lipid binding site. Collectively, our data suggest that MV homodimerization modulates microfilament attachment at muscular adhesion sites and furthers our understanding of MV-mediated cardiac remodeling.
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Hu X, Jing C, Xu X, Nakazawa N, Cornish VW, Margadant FM, Sheetz MP. Cooperative Vinculin Binding to Talin Mapped by Time-Resolved Super Resolution Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4062-8. [PMID: 27210030 PMCID: PMC5367886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dimeric focal adhesion protein talin contains up to 22 cryptic vinculin binding sites that are exposed by unfolding. Using a novel method to monitor the in situ dynamics of the talin dimer stretch, we find that in contrast to several prevalent talin dimer models the integrin-binding talin N-termini are separated by 162 ± 44 nm on average whereas as expected the C-terminal dimerization domains colocalize and are mobile. Using vinculin tagged by DHFR-TMP Atto655 label, we found that optimal vinculin and vinculin head binding occurred when talin was stretched to 180 nm, while the controls did not bind to talin. Surprisingly, multiple vinculins bound within a single second in narrowly localized regions of the talin rod during stretching. We suggest that talin stretches as an antiparallel dimer and that activates vinculin binding in a cooperative manner, consistent with the stabilization of folded talin by other binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Chaoran Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Virginia W. Cornish
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Felix M. Margadant
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Kumar A, Ouyang M, Van den Dries K, McGhee EJ, Tanaka K, Anderson MD, Groisman A, Goult BT, Anderson KI, Schwartz MA. Talin tension sensor reveals novel features of focal adhesion force transmission and mechanosensitivity. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:371-83. [PMID: 27161398 PMCID: PMC4862330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-dependent adhesions are mechanosensitive structures in which talin mediates a linkage to actin filaments either directly or indirectly by recruiting vinculin. Here, we report the development and validation of a talin tension sensor. We find that talin in focal adhesions is under tension, which is higher in peripheral than central adhesions. Tension on talin is increased by vinculin and depends mainly on actin-binding site 2 (ABS2) within the middle of the rod domain, rather than ABS3 at the far C terminus. Unlike vinculin, talin is under lower tension on soft substrates. The difference between central and peripheral adhesions requires ABS3 but not vinculin or ABS2. However, differential stiffness sensing by talin requires ABS2 but not vinculin or ABS3. These results indicate that central versus peripheral adhesions must be organized and regulated differently, and that ABS2 and ABS3 have distinct functions in spatial variations and stiffness sensing. Overall, these results shed new light on talin function and constrain models for cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Koen Van den Dries
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Ewan James McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Marie D Anderson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Alexander Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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Izard T, Brown DT. Mechanisms and Functions of Vinculin Interactions with Phospholipids at Cell Adhesion Sites. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:2548-55. [PMID: 26728462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.686493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein vinculin is a major regulator of cell adhesion and attaches to the cell surface by binding to specific phospholipids. Structural, biochemical, and biological studies provided much insight into how vinculin binds to membranes, what components it recognizes, and how lipid binding is regulated. Here we discuss the roles and mechanisms of phospholipids in regulating the structure and function of vinculin and of its muscle-specific metavinculin splice variant. A full appreciation of these processes is necessary for understanding how vinculin regulates cell motility, migration, and wound healing, and for understanding of its role in cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Izard
- From the Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - David T Brown
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
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Goldmann WH. Role of vinculin in cellular mechanotransduction. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:241-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Biophysics; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
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Atherton P, Stutchbury B, Wang DY, Jethwa D, Tsang R, Meiler-Rodriguez E, Wang P, Bate N, Zent R, Barsukov IL, Goult BT, Critchley DR, Ballestrem C. Vinculin controls talin engagement with the actomyosin machinery. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10038. [PMID: 26634421 PMCID: PMC4686655 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between extracellular-matrix-bound integrins and intracellular F-actin is essential for cell spreading and migration. Here, we demonstrate how the actin-binding proteins talin and vinculin cooperate to provide this link. By expressing structure-based talin mutants in talin null cells, we show that while the C-terminal actin-binding site (ABS3) in talin is required for adhesion complex assembly, the central ABS2 is essential for focal adhesion (FA) maturation. Thus, although ABS2 mutants support cell spreading, the cells lack FAs, fail to polarize and exert reduced force on the surrounding matrix. ABS2 is inhibited by the preceding mechanosensitive vinculin-binding R3 domain, and deletion of R2R3 or expression of constitutively active vinculin generates stable force-independent FAs, although cell polarity is compromised. Our data suggest a model whereby force acting on integrin-talin complexes via ABS3 promotes R3 unfolding and vinculin binding, activating ABS2 and locking talin into an actin-binding configuration that stabilizes FAs. The mechanosensitive proteins talin and vinculin mediate the linkage between integrin-bound extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. Here the authors dissect distinct roles for two actin-binding sites within talin on adhesion complex assembly and maturation, which are regulated by vinculin binding to talin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ben Stutchbury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - De-Yao Wang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Devina Jethwa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ricky Tsang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Pengbo Wang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil Bate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Roy Zent
- Vanderbilt Centre for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt Division of Nephrology, S-3223 Medical Centre, North Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, KENT CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Chinthalapudi K, Patil DN, Rangarajan ES, Rader C, Izard T. Lipid-directed vinculin dimerization. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2758-68. [PMID: 25880222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin localizes to cellular adhesions where it regulates motility, migration, development, wound healing, and response to force. Importantly, vinculin loss results in cancer phenotypes, cardiovascular disease, and embryonic lethality. At the plasma cell membrane, the most abundant phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), binds the vinculin tail domain, Vt, and triggers homotypic and heterotypic interactions that amplify binding of vinculin to the actin network. Binding of PIP2 to Vt is necessary for maintaining optimal focal adhesions, for organizing stress fibers, for cell migration and spreading, and for the control of vinculin dynamics and turnover of focal adhesions. While the recently determined Vt/PIP2 crystal structure revealed the conformational changes occurring upon lipid binding and oligomerization, characterization of PIP2-induced vinculin oligomerization has been challenging in the adhesion biology field. Here, via a series of novel biochemical assays not performed in previous studies that relied on chemical cross-linking, we characterize the PIP2-induced vinculin oligomerization. Our results show that Vt/PIP2 forms a tight dimer with Vt or with the muscle-specific vinculin isoform, metavinculin, at sites of adhesion at the cell membrane. Insight into how PIP2 regulates clustering and into mechanisms that regulate cell adhesion allows the development for a more definite sensor for PIP2, and our developed techniques can be applied generally and thus open the door for the characterization of many other protein/PIP2 complexes under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chinthalapudi
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dipak N Patil
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Erumbi S Rangarajan
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christoph Rader
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Tina Izard
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Li T, Guo H, Song Y, Zhao X, Shi Y, Lu Y, Hu S, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K. Loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin promotes metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:263. [PMID: 25496021 PMCID: PMC4320448 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of cell-cell adhesion is important for the development of cancer invasion and metastasis. Vinculin, a key adhesion-related protein, can affect metastasis and prognosis in several tumours. Here, we determined the biological roles of vinculin in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated its clinical significance as a potential disease biomarker. Methods The expression level of vinculin in CRC cell lines and tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR and western blotting. Moreover, vinculin function was analysed using Transwell assays and in vivo metastasis assays in gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, the impact of vinculin together with membrane-bound β-catenin on the prognosis of 228 CRC patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicators was verified by immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues obtained from these patients. Result Vinculin expression was found to be significantly downregulated in highly metastatic CRC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that vinculin suppressed invasion, migration and metastasis in CRC cells and that this suppression could be attenuated by silencing β-catenin. Moreover, the expression of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin were positively correlated in CRC tissues, and lack of vinculin expression emerged as an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Finally, the loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin was associated with node metastasis, organ metastasis and expression of EMT indicators. Conclusion Our results suggest that vinculin may play specific roles in the EMT and metastasis of CRC and that loss of vinculin could be used as a prognostic factor for CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-263) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology & State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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42
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Wu CY, Lin MW, Wu DC, Huang YB, Huang HT, Chen CL. The role of phosphoinositide-regulated actin reorganization in chemotaxis and cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5541-54. [PMID: 25420930 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and chemotaxis. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and membrane lipids, especially phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in the regulation of this reorganization. At least 15 ABPs have been reported to interact with, or regulated by phosphoinositides (PIPs) whose synthesis is regulated by extracellular signals. Recent studies have uncovered several parallel intracellular signalling pathways that crosstalk in chemotaxing cells. Here, we review the roles of ABPs and phosphoinositides in chemotaxis and cell migration. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Wu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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43
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Contrasting transcriptome landscapes of rabbit pluripotent stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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44
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Thompson PM, Tolbert CE, Shen K, Kota P, Palmer SM, Plevock KM, Orlova A, Galkin VE, Burridge K, Egelman EH, Dokholyan NV, Superfine R, Campbell SL. Identification of an actin binding surface on vinculin that mediates mechanical cell and focal adhesion properties. Structure 2014; 22:697-706. [PMID: 24685146 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin, a cytoskeletal scaffold protein essential for embryogenesis and cardiovascular function, localizes to focal adhesions and adherens junctions, connecting cell surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. While vinculin interacts with many adhesion proteins, its interaction with filamentous actin regulates cell morphology, motility, and mechanotransduction. Disruption of this interaction lowers cell traction forces and enhances actin flow rates. Although a model for the vinculin:actin complex exists, we recently identified actin-binding deficient mutants of vinculin outside sites predicted to bind actin and developed an alternative model to better define this actin-binding surface, using negative-stain electron microscopy (EM), discrete molecular dynamics, and mutagenesis. Actin-binding deficient vinculin variants expressed in vinculin knockout fibroblasts fail to rescue cell-spreading defects and reduce cellular response to external force. These findings highlight the importance of this actin-binding surface and provide the molecular basis for elucidating additional roles of this interaction, including actin-induced conformational changes that promote actin bundling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Caitlin E Tolbert
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pradeep Kota
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sean M Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen M Plevock
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Albina Orlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vitold E Galkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Konze SA, van Diepen L, Schröder A, Olmer R, Möller H, Pich A, Weißmann R, Kuss AW, Zweigerdt R, Buettner FFR. Cleavage of E-cadherin and β-catenin by calpain affects Wnt signaling and spheroid formation in suspension cultures of human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:990-1007. [PMID: 24482122 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.033423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The envisioned clinical and industrial use of human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives has given major momentum to the establishment of suspension culture protocols that enable the mass production of cells. Understanding molecular changes accompanying the transfer from adherent to suspension culture is of utmost importance because this information can have a direct effect on the development of optimized culture conditions. In this study we assessed the gene expression of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells grown in surface-adherent culture (two-dimensional) versus free-floating suspension culture spheroids (three-dimensional). We combined a quantitative proteomic approach based on stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture with deep-sequencing-based transcriptomics. Cells in three-dimensional culture showed reduced expression of proteins forming structural components of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions. However, fully unexpected, we found up-regulation of secreted inhibitors of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and, concomitantly, a reduction in the level of active β-catenin and in the expression of Wnt target genes. In Western blot analyses the cysteine protease calpain was shown to cleave E-cadherin and β-catenin under three-dimensional culture conditions. Our data allowed the development of a model in which calpain cleavage of E-cadherin induces the disintegration of focal cell contacts and generates a 100-kDa E-cadherin fragment required for the formation of three-dimensional cell-cell contacts in spheroids. The parallel release of β-catenin and its potential activation by calpain cleavage are counterbalanced by the overexpression of soluble Wnt pathway inhibitors. According to this model, calpain has a key function in the interplay between E-cadherin and β-catenin-mediated intercellular adhesion and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Supporting this model, we show that pharmacological modulation of calpain activity prevents spheroid formation and causes disassembly of preexisting spheroids into single cells, thereby providing novel strategies for improving suspension culture conditions for human pluripotent stem cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Konze
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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46
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Jahed Z, Shams H, Mehrbod M, Mofrad MRK. Mechanotransduction pathways linking the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:171-220. [PMID: 24725427 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells contain several mechanosensing components that transduce mechanical signals into biochemical cascades. During cell-ECM adhesion, a complex network of molecules mechanically couples the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and nucleoskeleton. The network comprises transmembrane receptor proteins and focal adhesions, which link the ECM and cytoskeleton. Additionally, recently identified protein complexes extend this linkage to the nucleus by linking the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton. Despite numerous studies in this field, due to the complexity of this network, our knowledge of the mechanisms of cell-ECM adhesion at the molecular level remains remarkably incomplete. Herein, we present a review of the structures of key molecules involved in cell-ECM adhesion, along with an evaluation of their predicted roles in mechanical sensing. Additionally, specific binding events prompted by force-induced conformational changes of each molecule are discussed. Finally, we propose a model for the biomechanical events prominent in cell-ECM adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mehrdad Mehrbod
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Petridou NI, Stylianou P, Skourides PA. A dominant-negative provides new insights into FAK regulation and function in early embryonic morphogenesis. Development 2013; 140:4266-76. [PMID: 24048589 DOI: 10.1242/dev.096073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
FAK is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in a wide variety of biological processes and crucial for embryonic development. In this manuscript, we report the generation of a new FAK dominant negative (FF), composed of the C terminus (FRNK) and the FERM domain of the protein. FF, unlike FRNK and FERM, mimics the localization of active FAK in the embryo, demonstrating that both domains are necessary to target FAK to its complexes in vivo. We show that the FERM domain has a role in the recruitment of FAK on focal adhesions and controls the dynamics of the protein on these complexes. Expression of FF blocks focal adhesion turnover and, unlike FRNK, acts as a dominant negative in vivo. FF expression in Xenopus results in an overall phenotype remarkably similar to the FAK knockout in mice, including loss of mesodermal tissues. Expression of FF in the animal cap revealed a previously unidentified role of FAK in early morphogenesis and specifically epiboly. We show that a fibronectin-derived signal transduced by FAK governs polarity and cell intercalation. Finally, failure of epiboly results in severe gastrulation problems that can be rescued by either mechanical or pharmacological relief of tension within the animal cap, demonstrating that epiboly is permissive for gastrulation. Overall, this work introduces a powerful new tool for the study of FAK, uncovers new roles for FAK in morphogenesis and reveals new mechanisms through which the FERM domain regulates the localization and dynamics of FAK.
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Lysyl oxidase secreted by tumour endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2237-47. [PMID: 24045659 PMCID: PMC3798951 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecules that are highly expressed in tumour endothelial cells (TECs) may be candidates for specifically targeting TECs. Using DNA microarray analysis, we found that the lysyl oxidase (LOX) gene was upregulated in TECs compared with its expression in normal endothelial cells (NECs). LOX is an enzyme that enhances invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. However, there are no reports on the function of LOX in isolated TECs. Methods: TECs and NECs were isolated to investigate LOX function in TECs. LOX inhibition of in vivo tumour growth was also assessed using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Results: LOX expression was higher in TECs than in NECs. LOX knockdown inhibited cell migration and tube formation by TECs, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (Tyr 397). Immunostaining showed high LOX expression in human tumour vessels in vivo. Tumour angiogenesis and micrometastasis were inhibited by BAPN in an in vivo tumour model. Conclusion: LOX may be a TEC marker and a possible therapeutic target for novel antiangiogenic therapy.
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Fröhlich T, Kösters M, Graf A, Wolf E, Kobolak J, Brochard V, Dinnyés A, Jouneau A, Arnold GJ. iTRAQ proteome analysis reflects a progressed differentiation state of epiblast derived versus inner cell mass derived murine embryonic stem cells. J Proteomics 2013; 90:38-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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Mainali D, Smith EA. Select cytoplasmic and membrane proteins increase the percentage of immobile integrins but do not affect the average diffusion coefficient of mobile integrins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8561-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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