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Bhadouria N, Yadav S, Bukke SPN, Narapureddy BR. Advancements in vaccine delivery: harnessing 3D printing for microneedle patch technology. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2025; 87:2059-2067. [PMID: 40212146 PMCID: PMC11981410 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/13/2025] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed microneedle (MN) technology is a significant step in vaccine delivery, providing a painless, effective, and adaptable substitute for conventional injection-based techniques. Direct transdermal vaccination distribution without the need for needles is made possible by microneedle patches, which employ a variety of tiny needles that dissolve when they penetrate the skin. By using 3D printing to precisely customise microneedles' size, shape, and density to meet particular vaccine requirements, administration control can be improved and vaccine efficiency may even be increased. Furthermore, rapid prototyping made possible by 3D printing speeds up the development process, enabling quicker testing and improvement of vaccines. Additionally, this scalable technology can greatly increase vaccine accessibility, particularly in environments with limited resources. Research indicates that by directly interacting with the skin's immune-rich layers, microneedle patches enhance antigen delivery and elicit a strong immune response. Because MN technology offers a useful, self-administrable vaccination approach with little waste, it has significant potential for use in public health applications, notably during pandemics. This study emphasises how 3D-printed microneedle patches have the potential to revolutionise vaccination procedures and increase vaccine accessibility globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Bhadouria
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Bayapa Reddy Narapureddy
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Carneiro GB, Castro JT, Davi M, Miyaji EN, Ladant D, Oliveira MLS. Immune responses and protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae elicited by recombinant Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) carrying fragments of pneumococcal surface protein A, PspA. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00570-4. [PMID: 37236818 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common agent of important human diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Current available vaccines that target capsular polysaccharides induce protection against invasive disease and nasopharyngeal colonization in children, yet their efficacy is limited to the serotypes included in the formulations. The virulence factor Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) interacts with host immune system and helps the bacteria to evade phagocytosis. Due to its essential role in virulence, PspA is an important vaccine candidate. Here we have tested a delivery system based on the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA) to induce immune responses against PspA in mice. CyaA was engineered to express fragments of the N-terminal region of PspAs from clades 2 and 4 (A2 and A4) and the resulting proteins were used in immunization experiments in mice. The recombinant CyaA-A2 and CyaA-A4 proteins were able to induce high levels of anti-PspA antibodies that reacted with pneumococcal strains expressing either PspA2 or PspA4. Moreover, reactivity of the antibodies against pneumococcal strains that express PspAs from clades 3 and 5 (PspA3 and PspA5) was also observed. A formulation containing CyaA-A2 and CyaA-A4 was able to protect mice against invasive pneumococcal challenges with isolates that express PspA2, PspA4 or PspA5. Moreover, a CyaA-A2-A4 fusion protein induced antibodies at similar levels and with similar reactivity as the formulation containing both proteins, and protected mice against the invasive challenge. Our results indicate that CyaA-PspA proteins are good candidates to induce broad protection against pneumococcal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilyne Davi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France.
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Pourhassan N Z, Smits SHJ, Ahn JH, Schmitt L. Biotechnological applications of type 1 secretion systems. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107864. [PMID: 34767962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a diverse range of secretion systems to export different substrates across their cell envelope. Although secretion of proteins into the extracellular space could offer advantages for recombinant protein production, the low secretion titers of the secretion systems for some heterologous proteins remain a clear drawback of their utility at commercial scales. Therefore, a potential use of most of secretion systems as production platforms at large scales are still limited. To overcome this limitation, remarkable efforts have been made toward improving the secretion efficiency of different bacterial secretion systems in recent years. Here, we review the progress with respect to biotechnological applications of type I secretion system (T1SS) of Gram-negative bacteria. We will also focus on the applicability of T1SS for the secretion of heterologous proteins as well as vaccine development. Last but not least, we explore the employed engineering strategies that have enhanced the secretion efficiencies of T1SS. Attention is also paid to directed evolution approaches that may offer a more versatile approach to optimize secretion efficiency of T1SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Pourhassan N
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jung Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Korea Science Academy of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Busan 47162, South Korea
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Castro JT, Oliveira GS, Nishigasako MA, Debrie AS, Miyaji EN, Soares-Schanoski A, Akamatsu MA, Locht C, Ho PL, Mielcarek N, Oliveira MLS. Evaluation of inactivated Bordetella pertussis as a delivery system for the immunization of mice with Pneumococcal Surface Antigen A. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228055. [PMID: 31945121 PMCID: PMC6964896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) has been successfully tested as vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Vaccines able to induce PspA-specific antibodies and Th1 cytokines usually provide protection in mice. We have shown that the whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP) or components from acellular pertussis vaccines, such as Pertussis Toxin or Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA), are good adjuvants to PspA, suggesting that combined pertussis-PspA vaccines would be interesting strategies against the two infections. Here, we evaluated the potential of wP as a delivery vector to PspA. Bordetella pertussis strains producing a PspA from clade 4 (PspA4Pro) fused to the N-terminal region of FHA (Fha44) were constructed and inactivated with formaldehyde for the production of wPPspA4Pro. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with wPPspA4Pro induced low levels of anti-PspA4 IgG, even after 3 doses, and did not protect against a lethal pneumococcal challenge. Prime-boost strategies using wPPspA4Pro and PspA4Pro showed that there was no advantage in using the wPPspA4Pro vaccine. Immunization of mice with purified PspA4Pro induced higher levels of antibodies and protection against pneumococcal infection than the prime-boost strategies. Finally, purified Fha44:PspA4Pro induced high levels of anti-PspA4Pro IgG, but no protection, suggesting that the antibodies induced by the fusion protein were not directed to protective epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Castro
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eliane N. Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milena A. Akamatsu
- Seção de Vacinas Aeróbicas, Divisão Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paulo L. Ho
- Seção de Vacinas Aeróbicas, Divisão Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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The schistosome glutathione S-transferase P28GST, a unique helminth protein, prevents intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis through a Th2-type response with mucosal eosinophils. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:322-35. [PMID: 26174763 PMCID: PMC4801903 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal helminth parasites are potent inducers of T helper type 2 (Th2) response and have a regulatory role, notably on intestinal inflammation. As infection with schistosomes is unlikely to provide a reliable treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, we have investigated the beneficial effect of a schistosome enzymatic protein, the 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (P28GST), on the modulation of disease activity and immune responses in experimental colitis. Our results showed that immunization with recombinant P28GST is at least as efficient as established schistosome infection to reduce colitis lesions and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Considering underlying mechanisms, the decrease of inflammatory parameters was associated with the polarization of the immune system toward a Th2 profile, with local and systemic increases of interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-5. Dense eosinophil infiltration was observed in the colons of P28GST-immunized rats and mice. Depletion of eosinophils by treatment with an anti-Siglec-F monoclonal antibody and use of IL-5-deficient mice led to the loss of therapeutic effect, suggesting the crucial role for eosinophils in colitis prevention by P28GST. These findings reveal that immunization with P28GST, a unique recombinant schistosome enzyme, ameliorates intestinal inflammation through eosinophil-dependent modulation of harmful type 1 responses, representing a new immuno-regulatory strategy against inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Abstract
Over the past three decades, a powerful array of techniques has been developed for expressing heterologous proteins and saccharides on the surface of bacteria. Surface-engineered bacteria, in turn, have proven useful in a variety of settings, including high-throughput screening, biofuel production, and vaccinology. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of methods for displaying polypeptides and sugars on the bacterial cell surface, and discuss the many innovative applications these methods have found to date. While already an important biotechnological tool, we believe bacterial surface display may be further improved through integration with emerging methodology in other fields, such as protein engineering and synthetic chemistry. Ultimately, we envision bacterial display becoming a multidisciplinary platform with the potential to transform basic and applied research in bacteriology, biotechnology, and biomedicine.
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Tang X, Sun R, Hong S, Hu G, Yang Y. Repeated intranasal instillation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces nasal allergic inflammation in guinea pigs. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 25:176-81. [PMID: 21679529 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. However, no animal models have been reported to show nasal allergic inflammation by repeated inhalation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the absence of adjuvant. This study was designed to determine whether intranasal instillation of guinea pigs with SEB results in nasal allergic inflammation. METHODS Guinea pigs were intranasally instilled with 40 μL of 4-μg SEB once every 4 days 11 times. For the control group, guinea pigs were prepared with saline instead of SEB. Sneezing and nasal scratching frequency were evaluated after each intranasal instillation. The production of antigen-specific antibodies including IgE, nasal eosinophilia, and cytokines in the nasal cavity lavage fluid (NCLF) were measured after the 11th intranasal immunization. RESULTS In the model group, symptoms of sneezing and nasal scratching were induced at the 8th to 11th challenges. Intranasal immunization with SEB elicited a local nasal mucosa inflammatory response characterized by apparent eosinophil infiltration. In the NCLF, the expression of IL-4 but not interferon-gamma was increased after challenges. The serum levels of total and SEB-specific IgE and IgG1 were higher in model groups in comparison with the control groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results indicate that repeated intranasal instillation with SEB leads to Th2 immune response, allergic nasal inflammation, and increased antigen-specific IgE production that are characteristic of allergic rhinitis (AR). The model in this study could be valuable in analyzing the pathogenesis of AR infected with Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li R, Lim A, Ow ST, Phoon MC, Locht C, Chow VT, Alonso S. Development of live attenuated Bordetella pertussis strains expressing the universal influenza vaccine candidate M2e. Vaccine 2011; 29:5502-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Attenuated Bordetella pertussis protects against highly pathogenic influenza A viruses by dampening the cytokine storm. J Virol 2010; 84:7105-13. [PMID: 20444902 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02542-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The threat of a pandemic spread of highly virulent influenza A viruses currently represents a top global public health problem. Mass vaccination remains the most effective way to combat influenza virus. However, current vaccination strategies face the challenge to meet the demands in a pandemic situation. In a mouse model of severe influenza virus-induced pneumonitis, we observed that prior nasal administration of an attenuated strain of Bordetella pertussis (BPZE1) provided effective and sustained protection against lethal challenge with two different influenza A virus subtypes. In contrast to most cross-protective effects reported so far, the protective window offered upon nasal treatment with BPZE1 lasted up to at least 12 weeks, suggesting a unique mechanism(s) involved in the protection. No significant differences in viral loads were observed between BPZE1-treated and control mice, indicating that the cross-protective mechanism(s) does not directly target the viral particles and/or infected cells. This was further confirmed by the absence of cross-reactive antibodies and T cells in serum transfer and in vitro restimulation experiments, respectively. Instead, compared to infected control mice, BPZE1-treated animals displayed markedly reduced lung inflammation and tissue damage, decreased neutrophil infiltration, and strong suppression of the production of major proinflammatory mediators in their bronchoalveolar fluids (BALFs). Our findings thus indicate that protection against influenza virus-induced severe pneumonitis can be achieved through attenuation of exaggerated cytokine-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, nasal treatment with live attenuated B. pertussis offers a potential alternative to conventional approaches in the fight against one of the most frightening current global public health threats.
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NALT (nasal cavity-associated lymphoid tissue) in the rabbit. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 133:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Exploring the Versatility of the Autotransporter BrkA for the Presentation of Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Candidates at the Surface of Attenuated Bordetella pertussis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Canales M, Almazán C, Pérez de la Lastra JM, de la Fuente J. Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick BM95 immunogenic peptides on Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2008; 135:326-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Highly attenuated Bordetella pertussis strain BPZE1 as a potential live vehicle for delivery of heterologous vaccine candidates. Infect Immun 2007; 76:111-9. [PMID: 17954727 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00795-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is a promising and attractive candidate for vaccine delivery via the nasal route, provided that suitable attenuation of this pathogen has been obtained. Recently, the highly attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 strain has been described as a potential live pertussis vaccine for humans. We investigated here the use of BPZE1 as a live vehicle for heterologous vaccine candidates. Previous studies have reported the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a major B. pertussis adhesin, as a carrier to express foreign antigens in B. pertussis. In this study, we also examined the BrkA autotransporter as a surface display system. Three copies of the neutralizing peptide SP70 from enterovirus 71 (EV71) were fused to FHA or in the passenger domain of BrkA, and each chimera was expressed in BPZE1. The FHA-(SP70)3 and BrkA-(SP70)3 chimeras were successfully secreted and exposed at the bacterial surface, respectively. Nasal administration of the live recombinant strains triggered a strong and sustained systemic anti-SP70 antibody response in mice, although the titers and neutralizing activities against EV71 were significantly higher in the sera of mice immunized with the BrkA-(SP70)3-producing strain. These data indicate that the highly attenuated BPZE1 strain is a potential candidate for vaccine delivery via the nasal route with the BrkA autotransporter as an alternative to FHA for the presentation of the heterologous vaccine antigens.
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Mielcarek N, Debrie AS, Raze D, Quatannens J, Engle J, Goldman WE, Locht C. Attenuated Bordetella pertussis: new live vaccines for intranasal immunisation. Vaccine 2006; 24 Suppl 2:S2-54-5. [PMID: 16823926 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, is a highly infectious pathogen with a strong capacity to colonize the human respiratory tract. A single infection with virulent B. pertussis induces strong mucosal and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses, as well as long-lasting protection in humans. Therefore, B. pertussis may be a suitable vector for intranasal vaccination against a variety of diseases by a single dose. We showed that intranasally administered recombinant live B. pertussis expressing heterologous antigens induce mucosal immune responses in the respiratory and the genital tracts of mice as well as systemic antibody responses. To consider live B. pertussis for human vaccination, we, therefore, aimed at the development of attenuated strain. Allelic exchange was used to delete the dermonecrotic toxin gene and to replace the pertussis toxin gene by an allele encoding inactive toxin. To reduce the production of tracheal cytotoxin, the ampG gene was over-expressed. After various rounds of homologous recombination, B. pertussis BPZE, affected in the production or activity of three major toxins, was isolated. Histological examinations of infected mice confirmed the strong attenuation of this strain. Nevertheless, it colonized the mouse respiratory tract over a period of roughly 1 month. The level of protection against subsequent challenge with virulent wild-type B. pertussis, induced by a single intranasal administration of BPZE was at least as high as that induced by two injections of commercial acellular vaccine. We conclude that live attenuated B. pertussis may be an attractive vaccine candidate to be administered in a single intranasal dose against whooping cough. Moreover, live recombinant B. pertussis may be used as a vector for intranasal vaccination against a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mielcarek
- Inserm U629, IBL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Pr Calmette, 59019 Lille, France.
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Alonso S, Willery E, Renauld-Mongénie G, Locht C. Production of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae HtrA by recombinant Bordetella pertussis with the use of filamentous hemagglutinin as a carrier. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4295-301. [PMID: 15972522 PMCID: PMC1168604 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.7.4295-4301.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, is a highly infectious human pathogen capable of inducing mucosal and systemic immune responses upon a single intranasal administration. In an attenuated, pertussis toxin (PTX)-deficient recombinant form, it may therefore constitute an efficient bacterial vector that is particularly well adapted for the delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory mucosa. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) has been used as a carrier to present foreign antigens at the bacterial surface, thereby inducing local, systemic, and protective immune responses to these antigens in mice. Both full-length and truncated (Fha44) forms of FHA have been used for antigen presentation. To investigate the effect of the carrier (FHA or Fha44) on antibody responses to passenger antigens, we genetically fused the HtrA protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to either FHA form. The fha-htrA and Fha44 gene-htrA hybrids were expressed as single copies inserted into the chromosome of PTX-deficient B. pertussis. Both chimeras were secreted into the culture supernatants of the recombinant strains and were recognized by anti-FHA and anti-HtrA antibodies. Intranasal infection with the strain producing the FHA-HtrA hybrid led to significantly higher anti-HtrA and anti-FHA antibody titers than those obtained in mice infected with the Fha44-HtrA-producing strain. Interestingly, the B. pertussis strain producing the Fha44-HtrA chimera colonized the mouse lungs more efficiently than the parental, Fha44-producing strain and gave rise to higher anti-FHA antibody titers than those induced by the parental strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Alonso
- INSERM U629, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
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Protein secretion through autotransporter and two-partner pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1694:235-57. [PMID: 15546669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 03/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct protein secretion pathways, the autotransporter (AT) and the two-partner secretion (TPS) pathways are characterized by their apparent simplicity. Both are devoted to the translocation across the outer membrane of mostly large proteins or protein domains. As implied by their name, AT proteins contain their own transporter domain, covalently attached to the C-terminal extremity of the secreted passenger domain, while TPS systems are composed of two separate proteins, with TpsA being the secreted protein and TpsB its specific transporter. In both pathways, the secreted proteins are exported in a Sec-dependent manner across the inner membrane, after which they cross the outer membrane with the help of their cognate transporters. The AT translocator domains and the TpsB proteins constitute distinct families of protein-translocating, outer membrane porins of Gram-negative bacteria. Both types of transporters insert into the outer membrane as beta-barrel proteins possibly forming oligomeric pores in the case of AT and serve as conduits for their cognate secreted proteins or domains across the outer membrane. Translocation appears to be folding-sensitive in both pathways, indicating that AT passenger domains and TpsA proteins cross the periplasm and the outer membrane in non-native conformations and fold progressively at the cell surface. A major difference between AT and TPS pathways arises from the manner by which specificity is established between the secreted protein and its transporter. In AT, the covalent link between the passenger and the translocator domains ensures the translocation of the former without the need for a specific molecular recognition between the two modules. In contrast, the TPS pathway has solved the question of specific recognition between the TpsA proteins and their transporters by the addition to the TpsA proteins of an N-proximal module, the conserved TPS domain, which represents a hallmark of the TPS pathway.
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Stevenson A, Roberts M. Intranasal immunisation against tetanus with an attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica vector expressing FrgC: improved immunogenicity using a Bvg-regulated promoter to express FrgC. Vaccine 2004; 22:4300-5. [PMID: 15474722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mice were immunised intranasally with live Bordetella bronchiseptica aroA strains possessing plasmids encoding fragment C (FrgC) of tetanus toxin. FrgC was expressed either from a constitutive tac promoter (strain GVB120) or the Bvg-dependent fhaB promoter (strain GVB1543). Serum anti-FrgC antibody titres were detected in all mice immunised with GVB1543 and GVB120 but the average titres were higher and the responses to FrgC were more consistent in GVB1543 immunised animals. This was reflected in the protective immunity conferred by the different strains: 100% of GVB1543 immunised mice were protected against tetanus toxin challenge whereas only 60% of animals immunised with GVB120 survived tetanus challenge. Viability of the B. bronchiseptica vector strain was shown to be critical to its efficacy as a vector for FrgC.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/genetics
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/growth & development
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/immunology
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Hemagglutinins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Plasmids/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tetanus/immunology
- Tetanus/prevention & control
- Tetanus Toxin/genetics
- Tetanus Toxin/immunology
- Tetanus Toxoid/immunology
- Transformation, Genetic/genetics
- Transformation, Genetic/immunology
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stevenson
- Molecular Bacteriology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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20
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Kang SM, Rhee JK, Kim EJ, Han KH, Oh JW. Bacterial cell surface display for epitope mapping of hepatitis C virus core antigen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 226:347-53. [PMID: 14553932 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface expression of protein has been widely used to display enzymes and antigens. Here we show that Pseudomonas syringae ice nucleation protein with a deletion of internal repeating domain (INC) can be used in Escherichia coli to display peptide in a conformationally active form on the outside of the folded protein by fusing to the C-terminus of INC. Diagnostic potential of this technology was demonstrated by effective mapping of antigenic epitopes derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein. Amino acids 1-38 and 26-53 of HCV core protein were found to react more sensitively in a native conformation with the HCV patient sera than commercial diagnostic antigen, c22p (amino acids 10-53) by display-ELISA. These results demonstrate that the bacterial cell surface display using INC is useful for peptide presentation and thus epitope mapping of antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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21
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Lynch JM, Briles DE, Metzger DW. Increased protection against pneumococcal disease by mucosal administration of conjugate vaccine plus interleukin-12. Infect Immun 2003; 71:4780-8. [PMID: 12874361 PMCID: PMC166054 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.8.4780-4788.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections, its main entry route being the nasal mucosa. The recent development of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines has led to a dramatic improvement in protection against invasive disease in infants and children, but these vaccines have been found to be only 50 to 60% protective against bacterial carriage. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of intranasal (i.n.) conjugate vaccine delivery using interleukin-12 (IL-12) as a mucosal adjuvant. Immunized mice treated with IL-12 demonstrated increased expression of lung and splenic gamma interferon and IL-10 mRNAs; high levels of antibody, particularly serum immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and respiratory IgA; and significantly increased opsonic activity. After intraperitoneal challenge with type 3 pneumococci, there was 75% survival of i.n. vaccinated mice compared to 0% survival of unvaccinated mice. In addition, after i.n. challenge with type 14 pneumococci, vaccinated mice possessed fewer bacterial colonies in the upper respiratory tract than unvaccinated mice. However, no significant difference in type 14 carriage was observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups following intramuscular vaccination, the typical route of vaccination in humans. Using mice with a genetic disruption in IgA expression, it was found that pneumococcus-specific IgA played a significant role in the clearance of bacteria from the upper respiratory tract. We conclude that i.n vaccination in the presence of IL-12 is able to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses to pneumococci and efficiently protect against both invasive infection and bacterial carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Lynch
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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22
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Rajeev S, Nair RV, Kania SA, Bemis DA. Expression of a truncated Pasteurella multocida toxin antigen in Bordetella bronchiseptica. Vet Microbiol 2003; 94:313-23. [PMID: 12829385 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(03)00137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild or subclinical respiratory infections caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica are widespread in pigs despite multiple control efforts. Infection with virulent B. bronchiseptica strains is a common risk factor in the establishment of toxin-producing strains of Pasteurella multocida in the nasal cavity of pigs leading to the disease, atrophic rhinitis (AR). This study was designed to explore the possibility of expressing a protective epitope of P. multocida toxin (PMT) in B. bronchiseptica to create single-component mucosal vaccine to control atrophic rhinitis in pigs. To achieve this, a P. multocida toxin fragment (PMTCE), that was non-toxic and protective against lethal challenge in mice, was cloned into a broad-host-range plasmid, PBBR1MCS2, and introduced into B. bronchiseptica by electroporation. The Pasteurella gene construct was placed under the regulatory control of a promoter region that was separately isolated from B. bronchiseptica and appears to be part of the heat shock protein gene family. B. bronchiseptica harboring the plasmid under antibiotic selection expressed the 80kDa PMTCE as determined by PAGE and Western blot with a PMT-specific monoclonal antibody. When introduced into the respiratory tracts of mice, B. bronchiseptica harboring the plasmid construct was reisolated in declining numbers for 72h post-inoculation. Antibody responses (IgM, IgA and IgG) to B. bronchiseptica were detected in serum and respiratory lavage, but PMTCE-specific antibodies were not detected. While further refinements of PMT expression in B. bronchiseptica are necessary, this study provides a basis for the development of a single-component, live-attenuated vaccine against atrophic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Toxins/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/genetics
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/immunology
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pasteurella multocida/genetics
- Pasteurella multocida/immunology
- Pasteurella multocida/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Atrophic/microbiology
- Rhinitis, Atrophic/prevention & control
- Rhinitis, Atrophic/veterinary
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/microbiology
- Swine Diseases/prevention & control
- Vaccination/veterinary
- Vaccines, Attenuated
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumari Rajeev
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Ohio Department of Agriculture, 8995 East Main Street, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068, USA.
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23
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Stevenson A, Roberts M. Use of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis as live vaccines and vectors for heterologous antigens. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 37:121-8. [PMID: 12832115 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. Unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently colonise healthy ciliated respiratory mucosa. This characteristic of Bordetella spp. can potentially be exploited to develop efficient live vaccines and vectors for delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory tract. Here we review the progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stevenson
- Molecular Bacteriology Group, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Glasgow University Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
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24
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Bout D, Mévélec MN, Velge-Roussel F, Dimier-Poisson I, Lebrun M. [Vaccines on mucosal surfaces]. Arch Pediatr 2003; 10:565-70. [PMID: 12915029 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(03)00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Stevenson A, Roberts M. Use of a rationally attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica as a live mucosal vaccine and vector for heterologous antigens. Vaccine 2002; 20:2325-35. [PMID: 12009288 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the aroA gene of Bordetella bronchiseptica severely impaired its ability to colonise the respiratory tract of mice. The B. bronchiseptica aroA mutant was investigated as a live vaccine and vector for heterologous antigens. The B. bronchiseptica aroA mutant expressing the non-toxic fragment C (FrgC) of tetanus toxin (strain GVB120) was used to immunise mice intranasally. Immunised mice produced a strong serum and mucosal antibody response to B. bronchiseptica and serum anti-FrgC antibodies. Upon challenge with wild type B. bronchiseptica, immunised mice rapidly reduced the numbers of B. bronchiseptica in their respiratory tract, although clearance was more pronounced in the lower than in the upper respiratory tract. Immunisation with GVB120 protected approximately 40% of mice from tetanus toxin challenge. As far as we are aware, this is the first description of a recombinant B. bronchiseptica strain being used as a live vaccine vector for heterologous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stevenson
- Molecular Bacteriology Group, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Glasgow University Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
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26
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Shimoji Y, Oishi E, Kitajima T, Muneta Y, Shimizu S, Mori Y. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae YS-1 as a live vaccine vehicle for heterologous protein expression and intranasal immunization of pigs. Infect Immun 2002; 70:226-32. [PMID: 11748187 PMCID: PMC127599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.1.226-232.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a system in which a foreign antigen is delivered and expressed on the surface of an attenuated strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae YS-1 and have examined the ability of a such recombinant E. rhusiopathiae strain to function as a mucosal vaccine vector. The C-terminal portion, including two repeat regions, R1 and R2, of the P97 adhesin of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain E-1 was successfully translocated and expressed on the E. rhusiopathiae YS-1 cell surface after it was fused to SpaA.1, a cell surface protective antigen of E. rhusiopathiae. BALB/c mice subcutaneously immunized with the E. rhusiopathiae recombinant strains developed specific antibodies against SpaA.1 protein and were protected from lethal challenge with the highly virulent homologous E. rhusiopathiae Fujisawa-SmR strain, showing the efficacy of this heterologous-antigen expression system as a vaccine against E. rhusiopathiae infection. To determine whether protective immune responses are induced in target species, newborn, specific-pathogen-free piglets were immunized intranasally with a recombinant strain designated YS-19. The immunized piglets developed specific anti-SpaA.1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in their serum and were protected from death by erysipelas, showing that mucosal vaccination of piglets with YS-19 induces systemic immune responses. Furthermore, YS-19-immunized piglets showed higher levels of P97-specific IgA antibodies in the respiratory tract than did YS-1-immunized piglets. Thus, E. rhusiopathiae YS-1 appears to be a promising vaccine vector for mucosal delivery that can induce local and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shimoji
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
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27
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Reveneau N, Alonso S, Jacob-Dubuisson F, Mercenier A, Locht C. Tetanus toxin fragment C-specific priming by intranasal infection with recombinant Bordetella pertussis. Vaccine 2001; 20:926-33. [PMID: 11738759 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to parenteral administration, mucosal administration offers several advantages including the ease of administration, safety and the ability to induce mucosal immunity. As a first step towards nasal administration of important childhood vaccines, we have previously developed attenuated Bordetella pertussis strains able to protect mice against pertussis upon nasal vaccination. Since pertussis vaccines are generally combined with tetanus and diphtheria vaccines, we constructed recombinant B. pertussis strains producing the non-toxic protective tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC). TTFC was genetically fused to the N-terminal domain of the B. pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin. The hybrid gene was introduced into B. pertussis both on a multi-copy replicative plasmid and as a single copy inserted into the chromosome of a pertussis toxin-producing strain and a toxin-deficient attenuated strain. The hybrid protein was secreted by the recombinant strains. However, the recombinant multi-copy plasmid was unstable in vivo, and immunisation could only be carried out with the strains containing the single-copy chromosomal integration. Both the toxin-producing and the toxin-deficient recombinant B. pertussis strains were able to prime mice for the production of anti-TTFC serum antibodies upon intranasal administration, suggesting the feasibility of using recombinant attenuated B. pertussis for the development of combined childhood vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Bordetella pertussis/genetics
- Bordetella pertussis/immunology
- Bordetella pertussis/pathogenicity
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Bacterial
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Lung/microbiology
- Mice
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Plasmids/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Tetanus Toxin/administration & dosage
- Tetanus Toxin/genetics
- Tetanus Toxin/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reveneau
- INSERM U447, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, Rue du Pr. Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
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28
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Kajava AV, Cheng N, Cleaver R, Kessel M, Simon MN, Willery E, Jacob-Dubuisson F, Locht C, Steven AC. Beta-helix model for the filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin of Bordetella pertussis and related bacterial secretory proteins. Mol Microbiol 2001; 42:279-92. [PMID: 11703654 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis establishes infection by attaching to epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. One of its adhesins is filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), a 500-A-long secreted protein that is rich in beta-structure and contains two regions, R1 and R2, of tandem 19-residue repeats. Two models have been proposed in which the central shaft is (i) a hairpin made up of a pairing of two long antiparallel beta-sheets; or (ii) a beta-helix in which the polypeptide chain is coiled to form three long parallel beta-sheets. We have analysed a truncated variant of FHA by electron microscopy (negative staining, shadowing and scanning transmission electron microscopy of unstained specimens): these observations support the latter model. Further support comes from detailed sequence analysis and molecular modelling studies. We applied a profile search method to the sequences adjacent to and between R1 and R2 and found additional "covert" copies of the same motifs that may be recognized in overt form in the R1 and R2 sequence repeats. Their total number is sufficient to support the tenet of the beta-helix model that the shaft domain--a 350 A rod--should consist of a continuous run of these motifs, apart from loop inserts. The N-terminus, which does not contain such repeats, was found to be weakly homologous to cyclodextrin transferase, a protein of known immunoglobulin-like structure. Drawing on crystal structures of known beta-helical proteins, we developed structural models of the coil motifs putatively formed by the R1 and R2 repeats. Finally, we applied the same profile search method to the sequence database and found several other proteins--all large secreted proteins of bacterial provenance--that have similar repeats and probably also similar structures.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/chemistry
- Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism
- Adhesins, Bacterial/ultrastructure
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry
- Antigens, Bacterial/ultrastructure
- Bacterial Vaccines
- Bordetella pertussis/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins/metabolism
- Hemagglutinins/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Negative Staining
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Shadowing Technique, Histology
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kajava
- Center for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 6, Room B2-34, MSC 2717, Bethesda, MD 20892-2717, USA
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29
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Abstract
Live recombinant bacteria represent an attractive means to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses against heterologous antigens. Several models have now been developed and shown to be highly efficient following intranasal immunization. In this review, we describe the two main classes of live recombinant bacteria: generally recognized as safe bacteria and attenuated strains derived from pathogenic bacteria. Among the latter, we have differentiated the bacteria, which do not usually colonize the respiratory tract from those that are especially adapted to respiratory tissues. The strategies of expression of the heterologous antigens, the invasiveness and the immunogenicity of the recombinant bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mielcarek
- INSERM U447, IBL, Institut Pasteur of Lille, 1 Rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
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30
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Abstract
The nasal route for vaccination offers some important opportunities, especially for the prophylaxis of respiratory diseases. Vaccination via the respiratory tract is reviewed and the deposition and clearance of antigens in the deep lung and nose are described and contrasted. Lymphoid structures in the respiratory tract differ according to species; the rat and mouse have a well developed nose-associated lymphoid tissue, while in man, the structure known as Waldeyer's ring (that includes the tonsils), is important as an induction site. The immune response following intranasal administration can provide protection at the administration site and at various effector sites as part of the common mucosal immune system. A number of formulation considerations are important when designing novel systems for nasal administration as are physiological factors such as mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Science Road, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
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31
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Rajeev S, Kania SA, Nair RV, McPherson JT, Moore RN, Bemis DA. Bordetella bronchiseptica fimbrial protein-enhanced immunogenicity of a Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin fragment. Vaccine 2001; 19:4842-50. [PMID: 11535337 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukotoxin produced by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica is an important virulence factor in shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle and is a critical protective antigen. In this study, the immune response to a chimeric protein generated by combining a gene fragment encoding neutralizing epitopes of M. haemolytica leukotoxin and a fimbrial protein gene (fim N) from Bordetella bronchiseptica was evaluated. The recombinant gene was cloned in a bacterial expression vector under the control of the tac promoter and expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli. Immunization of mice with the recombinant protein, GST-LTXFIM elicited a significantly stronger anti-leukotoxin antibody response than comparable immunizations with GST-LTX fusion proteins lacking FIM N. The GST-LTXFIM was also more stable than GST-LTX during storage at -80 degrees C, thus alleviating a stability problem inherent to leukotoxin. This chimeric protein may be a candidate for inclusion in new generation vaccines against shipping fever pneumonia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Bordetella bronchiseptica/immunology
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/prevention & control
- Epitopes/immunology
- Exotoxins/genetics
- Exotoxins/immunology
- Female
- Fimbriae Proteins
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/immunology
- Genes, Synthetic
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Hemolysin Proteins/genetics
- Hemolysin Proteins/immunology
- Mannheimia haemolytica/genetics
- Mannheimia haemolytica/immunology
- Mannheimia haemolytica/pathogenicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/prevention & control
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Species Specificity
- Vaccines, Synthetic
- Virulence
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajeev
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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32
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Coppens I, Alonso S, Antoine R, Jacob-Dubuisson F, Renauld-Mongénie G, Jacobs E, Locht C. Production of Neisseria meningitidis transferrin-binding protein B by recombinant Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5440-6. [PMID: 11500415 PMCID: PMC98655 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.9.5440-5446.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B infections are among the major causes of fulminant septicemia and meningitis, especially severe in young children, and no broad vaccine is available yet. Because of poor immunogenicity of the serogroup B capsule, many efforts are now devoted to the identification of protective protein antigens. Among those are PorA and, more recently, transferrin-binding protein B (TbpB). In this study, TbpB of N. meningitidis was genetically fused to the N-terminal domain of the Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and the fha-tbpB hybrid gene was expressed in B. pertussis either as a plasmid-borne gene or as a single copy inserted into the chromosome. The hybrid protein was efficiently secreted by the recombinant strains, despite its large size, and was recognized by both anti-FHA and anti-TbpB antibodies. A single intranasal administration of recombinant virulent or pertussis-toxin-deficient, attenuated B. pertussis to mice resulted in the production of antigen-specific systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG), as well as local IgG and IgA. The anti-TbpB serum antibodies were of the IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes and were found to express complement-mediated bactericidal activity against N. meningitidis. These observations indicate that recombinant B. pertussis may be a promising vector for the development of a mucosal vaccine against serogroup B meningococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Coppens
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Génétique et Moléculaire, INSERM U447, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
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33
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Ryan EJ, Daly LM, Mills KH. Immunomodulators and delivery systems for vaccination by mucosal routes. Trends Biotechnol 2001; 19:293-304. [PMID: 11451471 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current paediatric immunization programmes include too many injections in the first months of life. Oral or nasal vaccine delivery eliminates the requirement for needles and can induce immunity at the site of infection. However, protein antigens are poorly immunogenic when so delivered and can induce tolerance. Novel ways to enhance immune responses to protein or polysaccharide antigens have opened up new possibilities for the design of effective mucosal vaccines. Here, we discuss the immunological principles underlying mucosal vaccine development and review the application of immunomodulatory molecules and delivery systems to the selective enhancement of protective immune responses at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ryan
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co., Kildare, Ireland
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34
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Smith AM, Guzmán CA, Walker MJ. The virulence factors ofBordetella pertussis: a matter of control. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2001; 25:309-33. [PMID: 11348687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a contagious childhood respiratory disease. Increasing public concern over the safety of whole-cell vaccines led to decreased immunisation rates and a subsequent increase in the incidence of the disease. Research into the development of safer, more efficacious, less reactogenic vaccine preparations was concentrated on the production and purification of detoxified B. pertussis virulence factors. These virulence factors include adhesins such as filamentous haemagglutinin, fimbriae and pertactin, which allow B. pertussis to bind to ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract. Once attachment is initiated, toxins produced by the bacterium enable colonisation to proceed by interfering with host clearance mechanisms. B. pertussis co-ordinately regulates the expression of virulence factors via the Bordetella virulence gene (bvg) locus, which encodes a response regulator responsible for signal-mediated activation and repression. This strict regulation mechanism allows the bacterium to express different gene subsets in different environmental niches within the host, according to the stage of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong. N.S.W. 2522, Australia
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35
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Orson FM, Kinsey BM, Hua PJ, Bhogal BS, Densmore CL, Barry MA. Genetic immunization with lung-targeting macroaggregated polyethyleneimine-albumin conjugates elicits combined systemic and mucosal immune responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:6313-21. [PMID: 10843685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic immunization is a novel form of vaccination in which transgenes are delivered into the host to produce the foreign protein within host cells. Although systemic immune responses have been relatively easy to induce by genetic immunization, the induction of regional and mucosal immunity has often been more challenging. To address the problem of eliciting mucosal immunity in the lung, we utilized macroaggregated albumin to target plasmid DNA to the lung. Macroaggregated albumin is trapped in the lung after i. v. injection, and it is routinely used in radiolabeled form as an imaging modality to evaluate pulmonary blood flow. To couple DNA to this targeting agent, polyethyleneimine (a polycation that binds DNA and enhances transfection) was conjugated to serum albumin, and the conjugate was aggregated by heating to produce particles of 25-100 microm. The resulting particles bound plasmid DNA avidly, and when injected i.v. in mice, the particles distributed in the peripheral lung tissue in the alveolar interstitium. Particle-bound luciferase plasmid transfected a variety of cell lines in vitro, and after i.v. injection, gene expression was detected exclusively in the lung. Using human growth hormone as the encoded foreign Ag for immunization, i.v. injection of the particle-bound plasmid elicited both pulmonary mucosal and systemic immune responses, whereas naked DNA injected either i.v. or i.m. elicited only systemic responses. Thus, particle-bound plasmid DNA may have utility for genetic immunization by intravascular delivery to the lung and potentially to other organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Orson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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36
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Live bacterial vectors for intranasal delivery of protective antigens. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 3:121-128. [PMID: 10754541 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(00)00256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the advantages of mucosal, particularly intranasal, vaccination, several live bacterial vectors have been developed and shown to elicit strong immune responses, including protective immunity against viruses, bacteria or parasites. Two main categories can be distinguished; those that are based on commensal bacteria, such as lactococci, lactobacilli or certain streptococci and staphylococci, and those that are based on attenuated pathogens, such as Salmonella, BCG and Bordetella. The quality of the immune responses may vary between the vector systems, but in most cases the immune responses obtained after intranasal administration are stronger than those obtained after oral administration of the same vaccines.
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37
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Mielcarek N, Nordström I, Menozzi FD, Locht C, Holmgren J. Genital antibody responses in mice after intranasal infection with an attenuated candidate vector strain of Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun 2000; 68:485-91. [PMID: 10639408 PMCID: PMC97167 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.2.485-491.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration of live attenuated Bordetella pertussis, from which the pertussis toxin gene has been deleted, has previously been shown to give rise to high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against both the protective antigen filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and heterologous antigens genetically fused to FHA. Here, we extend these results by demonstrating that anti-FHA IgA and IgG antibodies are also produced in the genital tract of mice, both in the vagina and in the uterus, after a single intranasal administration of B. pertussis. By comparing the immune responses induced after infection with wild-type virulent B. pertussis with that induced by infection with an attenuated pertussis toxin-deficient strain, we conclude that pertussis toxin produced by the virulent bacteria does not modify antibody production to FHA in the genital tract of B. pertussis-infected mice. The intranasal infection with either the attenuated or the virulent B. pertussis strain also led to the development of immunologic memory that could be efficiently boosted with purified FHA administered either intranasally or intravaginally to give rise to a significant increase in the levels of specific IgA and IgG produced locally in the genital tract, as well as of specific antibodies in the serum. These observations suggest that attenuated B. pertussis could be a promising vector for intranasal administration to induce antibody responses against antigens from sexually transmitted pathogens fused to FHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mielcarek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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38
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Okano M, Satoskar AR, Nishizaki K, Abe M, Harn DA. Induction of Th2 Responses and IgE Is Largely Due to Carbohydrates Functioning as Adjuvants on Schistosoma mansoni Egg Antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni induces a pronounced Th2-type response that is associated with significant IgE production. To better understand how the parasite drives these responses, we investigated the relative roles of proteins and carbohydrates in driving Th2-type and/or IgE responses using a murine model of intranasal sensitization with soluble egg Ags (SEA) of Schistosoma mansoni. We found that repeated intranasal sensitization with soluble egg Ags led to the induction of both total and specific IgE production and nasal eosinophilia. By comparing the responses of mice sensitized with SEA or metaperiodate-treated SEA we were able to demonstrate that carbohydrates on SEA are the major inducers of IgE production and nasal recruitment of eosinophils. Mice sensitized with periodate-treated SEA displayed a significant decrease in both total and specific IgE levels in comparison to mice sensitized with native SEA. Furthermore, sensitization of mice with periodate-treated SEA significantly reduced levels of Ag-specific IgG1, but had no effect on IgG2a production. Nasal lymphocytes from mice sensitized with native SEA, but not with periodate-treated SEA, produced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 when restimulated with native SEA in vitro. On the other hand, lymphocytes from mice sensitized with periodate-treated SEA did not produce any of these same cytokines following in vitro restimulation, suggesting that carbohydrates were required for in vivo induction of Th2 response and for that of associated cytokine responses in this model. Lastly, competitive inhibition ELISA showed that although carbohydrates are required for SEA-specific IgE induction, they are not targets of the induced IgE response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Okano
- *Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
- †Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- *Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Kazunori Nishizaki
- †Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mie Abe
- *Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Donald A. Harn
- *Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
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Kim EJ, Yoo SK. Cell surface display of hepatitis B virus surface antigen by using Pseudomonas syringae ice nucleation protein. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999; 29:292-7. [PMID: 10664968 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new system designed for cell surface display of recombinant proteins on Escherichia coli was evaluated for expression of eukaryotic viral antigens. The major surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) was fused to the ice nucleation protein (INP), an outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas syringae. Western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, whole-cell ELISA, and ice nucleation activity assay confirmed expression of recombinant proteins on the surface of Escherichia coli. This study indicated that INP-based cell surface display can be used for epitope mapping and recombinant bacteria expressing hepatitis viral antigens may be used for developing live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Salik E, Tyorkin M, Mohan S, George I, Becker K, Oei E, Kalb T, Sperber K. Antigen trafficking and accessory cell function in respiratory epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 21:365-79. [PMID: 10460754 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.21.3.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated accessory cell function, antigen (Ag) trafficking, and uptake of immune complexes in isolated nasal epithelial cells (NEC) and airway epithelial cells (AEC), as well as in the two respiratory epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B. The NEC and AEC were capable of supporting Ag-specific as well as phytohemagglutinin-induced and anti-CD3 antibody-induced T-cell proliferation. We colocalized fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Ags with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR in A549 and BEAS-2B, utilizing laser confocal microscopy. Respiratory epithelial cells stimulated and unstimulated with interferon (IFN)-gamma were pulsed with FITC-labeled Ags for varying periods and evaluated for their ability to internalize Ag. In the unstimulated cells, intracellular punctate staining was evident at 60 min and persisted up to 120 min. In the IFN-gamma-stimulated cells (100 U/ml for 48 h), uptake occurred at 30 min, was maximal at 60 min, and diminished at 120 min. We conducted kinetic studies in the A549 and BEAS-2B cells, utilizing electron microscopy with colloidal gold-conjugated Ags (Au-OVA). At 15 min, Au-OVA was evident in the early compartments resembling the compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand. At 30 min, multivesicular bodies were labeled with Au-OVA, and by 60 min Au-OVA was present in the primary and secondary lysosomes. The FITC-labeled Ags colocalized with an early endosomal marker (anti-cathepsin D), a late endosomal marker (M6PR), a lysosomal marker (CD63), and with 3-(2, 4-dinitroanilino)-3'-aminomethyldipropylamine, a marker of acidic vesicles. The BEAS-2B and A549 cells, and NEC and AEC, expressed surface Fcgamma receptor and internalized IgG immune complexes. The NEC and AEC also expressed the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 as determined with flow cytometry, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for RNA, and immunohistochemistry, and T-cell proliferation could be blocked by treating NEC and AEC with anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 antibodies. Our findings suggest that respiratory epithelial cells may have a role in local Ag presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salik
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
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41
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Czerkinsky C, Anjuere F, McGhee JR, George-Chandy A, Holmgren J, Kieny MP, Fujiyashi K, Mestecky JF, Pierrefite-Carle V, Rask C, Sun JB. Mucosal immunity and tolerance: relevance to vaccine development. Immunol Rev 1999; 170:197-222. [PMID: 10566152 PMCID: PMC7165636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system of mammals consists of an integrated network of lymphoid cells which work in concert with innate host factors to promote host defense. Major mucosal effector immune mechanisms include secretory antibodies, largely of immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype, cytotoxic T cells, as well as cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Immunologic unresponsiveness (tolerance) is a key feature of the mucosal immune system, and deliberate vaccination or natural immunization by a mucosal route can effectively induce immune suppression. The diverse compartments located in the aerodigestive and genitourinary tracts and exocrine glands communicate via preferential homing of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal administration of antigens may result in the concomitant expression of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) antibody responses in various mucosal tissues and secretions, and under certain conditions, in the suppression of immune responses. Thus, developing formulations based on efficient delivery of selected antigens/tolerogens, cytokines and adjuvants may impact on the design of future vaccines and of specific immunotherapeutic approaches against diseases associated with untoward immune responses, such as autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, and tissue-damaging inflammatory reactions triggered by persistent microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Czerkinsky
- INSERM Unit 364, Faculté de Médecine-Pasteur, Nice, France.
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42
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Okano M, Nishizaki K, Abe M, Wang MM, Yoshino T, Satoskar AR, Masuda Y, Harn DA. Strain-dependent induction of allergic rhinitis without adjuvant in mice. Allergy 1999; 54:593-601. [PMID: 10435473 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no murine models have been reported to show the induction of both antigen-specific IgE and nasal eosinophilia, two of the major hallmarks of allergic rhinitis, after local sensitization in the absence of adjuvants, a phenomenon which reflects natural exposure. In this report, we attempted to establish a murine model representing an initiation of allergic rhinitis. METHODS BALB/c, CBA/J, and C57BL/6 mice were sensitized intranasally to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SEA) solely. After repeated sensitization, serum Ab titers, nasal eosinophilia, and cytokine production by nasal lymphocytes were determined. RESULTS BALB/c mice produced SEA-specific IgE after repeated sensitization. High-dose sensitization to SEA induced IgE production in CBA/J mice, while C57BL/6 mice did not show the production throughout the period observed, suggesting that IgE production was regulated genetically. BALB/c mice also exhibited nasal eosinophilia after the nasal challenge. In addition, nasal lymphocytes sensitized with SEA intranasally produced significant amount of IL-5 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intranasal sensitization with SEA in the absence of adjuvants induces a Th2 immune reaction, reflecting the hallmarks of the initiation of allergic rhinitis both in vivo and in vitro, which is genetically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okano
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Riveau G, Poulain-Godefroy OP, Dupré L, Remoué F, Mielcarek N, Locht C, Capron A. Glutathione S-transferases of 28kDa as major vaccine candidates against schistosomiasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 93 Suppl 1:87-94. [PMID: 9921328 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development of vaccine strategies to generate efficient protection against chronic infections such as parasitic diseases, and more precisely schistosomiasis, controlling pathology could be more relevant than controlling the infection itself. Such strategies, motivated by the need for a cost-effective complement to existing control measures, should focus on parasite molecules involved in fecundity, because in metazoan parasite infections pathology is usually linked to the output of viable eggs. In numerous animal models, vaccination with glutathione S-transferases of 28kDa has been shown to generate an immune response strongly limiting the worm fecundity, in addition to the reduction of the parasite burden. Recent data on acquired immunity directed to 28GST in infected human populations, and new development to draw adapted vaccine formulations, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Riveau
- Inserm U167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.
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44
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Abstract
The explosive technological advances in the fields of immunology and molecular biology in the last 5 years had an enormous impact on the identification of candidate vaccines against diseases, which until a few years ago seemed uncontrollable. Increased knowledge of the immune system has helped to define the mechanisms that underlie successful immunization and is now being exploited to develop improved versions of existing vaccines and new vaccines against emerging pathogens, tumors, or autoimmune diseases. An understanding of the mechanisms of action of novel adjuvants and the development of new vector and delivery systems will have a major impact on vaccine strategies. The use of DNA encoding antigens from pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and parasites as vaccines is a new approach that is receiving considerable attention. This and other innovative approaches, including vaccine production in plants, are appraised in this review. The successful eradication of smallpox and the imminent eradication of poliomyelitis by worldwide immunization campaigns provide positive examples of how the vaccine-mediated approach can lead to disease elimination; with the advent of new vaccines and improved delivery systems, there is no scientific reason why these successes cannot be repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Mahon
- Infection and Immunity Group, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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45
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Guédin S, Willery E, Locht C, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Evidence that a globular conformation is not compatible with FhaC-mediated secretion of the Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin. Mol Microbiol 1998; 29:763-74. [PMID: 9723916 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The 220 kDa Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is the major extracellular protein of this organism. It is exported using a signal peptide-dependent pathway, and its secretion depends on one specific outer membrane accessory protein, FhaC. In this work, we have investigated the influence of conformation on the FhaC-mediated secretion of FHA using an 80kDa N-terminal FHA derivative, Fha44. In contrast to many signal peptide-dependent secretory proteins, no soluble periplasmic intermediate of Fha44 could be isolated. In addition, cell-associated Fha44 synthesized in the absence of FhaC did not remain competent for extracellular secretion upon delayed expression of FhaC, indicating that the translocation steps across the cytoplasmic and the outer membrane might be coupled. A chimeric protein, in which the globular B subunit of the cholera toxin, CtxB, was fused at the C-terminus of Fha44, was not secreted in B. pertussis or in Escherichia coli expressing FhaC. The hybrid protein was only secreted when both disulphide bond-forming cysteines of CtxB were replaced by serines or when it was produced in DsbA- E. coli. The Fha44 portion of the secretion-incompetent hybrid protein was partly exposed on the cell surface. These results argue that the Fha44-CtxB hybrid protein transited through the periplasmic space, where disulphide bond formation is specifically catalysed, and that secretion across the outer membrane was initiated. The folded CtxB portion prevented extracellular release of the hybrid, in contrast to the more flexible CtxB domain devoid of cysteines. We propose a secretion model whereby Fha44 transits through the periplasmic space on its way to the cell surface and initiates its translocation through the outer membrane before being released from the cytoplasmic membrane. Coupling of Fha44 translocation across both membranes would delay the acquisition of its folded structure until the protein emerges from the outer membrane. Such a model would be consistent with the extensive intracellular proteolysis of FHA derivatives in B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guédin
- INSERM U447, IBL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
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46
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Lambert-Buisine C, Willery E, Locht C, Jacob-Dubuisson F. N-terminal characterization of the Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin. Mol Microbiol 1998; 28:1283-93. [PMID: 9680216 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The major adhesin of Bordetella pertussis, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), is produced and secreted at high levels by the bacterium. Mature FHA derives from a large precursor, FhaB, that undergoes several post-translational maturations. In this work, we demonstrate by site-directed mutagenesis that the N-terminal signal peptide of FHA is composed of 71 amino acids, including a 22-residue-long 'N-terminal extension' sequence. This sequence, although highly conserved in various other secretory proteins, does not appear to play an essential part in FHA secretion, as shown by deletion mutagenesis. The entire N-terminal signal region of FhaB is removed in the course of secretion by proteolytic cleavage at a site that corresponds to a Lep signal peptidase recognition sequence. After this maturation, the N-terminal glutamine residue is modified to a pyroglutamate residue. This modification is not crucial for heparin binding, haemagglutination or secretion. Interestingly, however, the modification is absent from Escherichia coli secreted FHA derivatives. In addition, it is dependent in B. pertussis on the presence of all three cysteines contained in the signal peptide of FhaB. These observations suggest that it does not occur spontaneously but perhaps requires a specific enzymatic machinery.
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47
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Mielcarek N, Riveau G, Remoué F, Antoine R, Capron A, Locht C. Homologous and heterologous protection after single intranasal administration of live attenuated recombinant Bordetella pertussis. Nat Biotechnol 1998; 16:454-7. [PMID: 9592394 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0598-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While single-dose mucosal immunization is best achieved by the use of attenuated live microorganisms, attenuation generally results in decreased immunogenicity. We attenuated Bordetella pertussis by the deletion of the pertussis toxin gene. A single intranasal administration of this strain protected against subsequent challenge as well as did the parent strain and better than immunization with commercial vaccine. Unexpectedly, this attenuation resulted in increased immunogenicity against the protective antigen filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). In addition, immunogenicity was also enhanced against the Schistosoma mansoni Sm28GST genetically fused to FHA, resulting in protection against the parasite, as characterized by a reduction in worm burden and egg charge, after a single intranasal administration. Thus, attenuated recombinant B. pertussis strains are promising vectors for the simultaneous protection against pertussis and heterologous diseases by a single intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mielcarek
- INSERM U167, Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
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48
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Poulain-Godefroy O, Mielcarek N, Ivanoff N, Remoué F, Schacht AM, Phillips N, Locht C, Capron A, Riveau G. Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin enhances the immunogenicity of liposome-delivered antigen administered intranasally. Infect Immun 1998; 66:1764-7. [PMID: 9529111 PMCID: PMC108118 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.4.1764-1767.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to increase the immunogenicity of mucosally delivered antigens, we incorporated the Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) adhesin into liposomes containing the glutathione S-transferase of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm28GST) as a model antigen. Outbred mice immunized twice intranasally with liposomes containing a constant suboptimal dose of Sm28GST and increasing doses of FHA produced anti-Sm28GST antibodies in a FHA dose-dependent manner. The addition of 3 microg of FHA to the liposomes induced more than 10-fold-higher anti-Sm28GST antibody titers, compared to those induced by liposomes without FHA. The presence of FHA did not alter the nature of the humoral immune response, and the sera contained anti-Sm28GST immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b. However, anti-Sm28GST IgA was only detected when at least 3 microg of FHA was added to the preparation. These results show a promising potential for FHA to enhance the immunogenicity of mucosally administered antigens incorporated into liposomes.
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49
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50
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Remoué F, Poulain-Godefroy O, Mielcarek N, Pierce R, Capron A, Locht C, Riveau G. Local transient induction of inflammatory cytokines after intranasal administration of recombinant Bordetella pertussis. Microb Pathog 1997; 22:305-13. [PMID: 9160300 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1996.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines have been described to play a critical role in the orientation and amplification of the IgA immune response. In this study, we show that the intranasal administration of a Bordetella pertussis strain expressing the protective antigen glutathione-S-transferase of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm28GST) induced an inflammatory response in the lungs of mice, characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Interleukin-6 and Transforming-Growth Factor beta. The production and the secretion of these cytokines in lung tissues were early and transient. Their presence was observed only during the first week after administration despite the persistence of the bacteria for 1 month. Two weeks after inoculation, Interleukin-10 secretion was detected in the lungs, which could explain the decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammation-regulating cytokines, induced in the lungs by the presence of the bacterial vector, could be part of the process generating the local immune response, in particular the anti-Sm28GST IgA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Remoué
- Laboratoire INSERM U167, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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