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Kong L, Chen Y, Shen Y, Zhang D, Wei C, Lai J, Hu S. Progress and Implications from Genetic Studies of Bipolar Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-023-01169-9. [PMID: 38206551 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advancements in gene sequencing technologies, including genome-wide association studies, polygenetic risk scores, and high-throughput sequencing, there has been a tremendous advantage in mapping a detailed blueprint for the genetic model of bipolar disorder (BD). To date, intriguing genetic clues have been identified to explain the development of BD, as well as the genetic association that might be applied for the development of susceptibility prediction and pharmacogenetic intervention. Risk genes of BD, such as CACNA1C, ANK3, TRANK1, and CLOCK, have been found to be involved in various pathophysiological processes correlated with BD. Although the specific roles of these genes have yet to be determined, genetic research on BD will help improve the prevention, therapeutics, and prognosis in clinical practice. The latest preclinical and clinical studies, and reviews of the genetics of BD, are analyzed in this review, aiming to summarize the progress in this intriguing field and to provide perspectives for individualized, precise, and effective clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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2
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Genetic substrates of bipolar disorder risk in Latino families. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:154-167. [PMID: 35948660 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been conducted in the Latin American population, to date, in several countries, including Mexico, the United States, Costa Rica, Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, Brazil. These studies focused primarily on linkage-based designs utilizing families with multiplex cases of BP. Significant BP loci were identified on Chromosomes 18, 5 and 8, and fine mapping suggested several genes of interest underlying these linkage peaks. More recently, studies in these same pedigrees yielded significant linkage loci for BP endophenotypes, including measures of activity, sleep cycles, and personality traits. Building from findings in other populations, candidate gene association analyses in Latinos from Mexican and Central American ancestry confirmed the role of several genes (including CACNA1C and ANK3) in conferring BP risk. Although GWAS, methylation, and deep sequencing studies have only begun in these populations, there is evidence that CNVs and rare SNPs both play a role in BP risk of these populations. Large segments of the Latino populations in the Americas remain largely unstudied regarding BP genetics, but evidence to date has shown that this type of research can be successfully conducted in these populations and that the genetic underpinnings of BP in these cohorts share at least some characteristics with risk genes identified in European and other populations.
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3
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Oliveira FA, Pinto ACS, Duarte CL, Taranto AG, Lorenzato Junior E, Cordeiro CF, Carvalho DT, Varotti FP, Fonseca AL. Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity in silico and in vitro of N-acylhydrazone derivatives. BMC Chem 2022; 16:50. [PMID: 35810303 PMCID: PMC9271247 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylhydrazones are considered privileged structures in medicinal chemistry, being part of antimicrobial compounds (for example). In this study we show the activity of N-acylhydrazone compounds, namely AH1, AH2, AH4, AH5 in in vitro tests against the chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (W2) and against WI26 VA-4 human cell lines. All compounds showed low cytotoxicity (LC50 > 100 µM). The AH5 compound was the most active against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 value of 0.07 μM. AH4 and AH5 were selected among the tested compounds for molecular docking calculations to elucidate possible targets involved in their mechanism of action and the SwissADME analysis to predict their pharmacokinetic profile. The AH5 compound showed affinity for 12 targets with low selectivity, while the AH4 compound had greater affinity for only one target (3PHC). These compounds met Lipinski's standards in the ADME in silico tests, indicating good bioavailability results. These results demonstrate that these N-acylhydrazone compounds are good candidates for future preclinical studies against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia S Pinto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Caique L Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Alex G Taranto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Eder Lorenzato Junior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Química Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Campus Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Cleydson Finotti Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Química Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Campus Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Diogo T Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Química Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Campus Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Varotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Fonseca
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.
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4
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He Z, Liu L, Wang C, Le Guen Y, Lee J, Gogarten S, Lu F, Montgomery S, Tang H, Silverman EK, Cho MH, Greicius M, Ionita-Laza I. Identification of putative causal loci in whole-genome sequencing data via knockoff statistics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3152. [PMID: 34035245 PMCID: PMC8149672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of whole-genome sequencing studies is challenging due to the large number of rare variants in noncoding regions and the lack of natural units for testing. We propose a statistical method to detect and localize rare and common risk variants in whole-genome sequencing studies based on a recently developed knockoff framework. It can (1) prioritize causal variants over associations due to linkage disequilibrium thereby improving interpretability; (2) help distinguish the signal due to rare variants from shadow effects of significant common variants nearby; (3) integrate multiple knockoffs for improved power, stability, and reproducibility; and (4) flexibly incorporate state-of-the-art and future association tests to achieve the benefits proposed here. In applications to whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and COPDGene samples from NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program we show that our method compared with conventional association tests can lead to substantially more discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Linxi Liu
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Fred Lu
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Sul JH, Service SK, Huang AY, Ramensky V, Hwang SG, Teshiba TM, Park Y, Ori APS, Zhang Z, Mullins N, Olde Loohuis LM, Fears SC, Araya C, Araya X, Spesny M, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Makhinson J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya CP, Aldana I, Escobar JI, Ospina-Duque J, Kremeyer B, Bedoya G, Ruiz-Linares A, Cantor RM, Molina J, Coppola G, Ophoff RA, Macaya G, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Reus V, Bearden CE, Sabatti C, Freimer NB. Contribution of common and rare variants to bipolar disorder susceptibility in extended pedigrees from population isolates. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:74. [PMID: 32094344 PMCID: PMC7039961 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence from case/control studies indicates that genetic risk for psychiatric disorders derives primarily from numerous common variants, each with a small phenotypic impact. The literature describing apparent segregation of bipolar disorder (BP) in numerous multigenerational pedigrees suggests that, in such families, large-effect inherited variants might play a greater role. To identify roles of rare and common variants on BP, we conducted genetic analyses in 26 Colombia and Costa Rica pedigrees ascertained for bipolar disorder 1 (BP1), the most severe and heritable form of BP. In these pedigrees, we performed microarray SNP genotyping of 838 individuals and high-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 449 individuals. We compared polygenic risk scores (PRS), estimated using the latest BP1 genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, between BP1 individuals and related controls. We also evaluated whether BP1 individuals had a higher burden of rare deleterious single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and rare copy number variants (CNVs) in a set of genes related to BP1. We found that compared with unaffected relatives, BP1 individuals had higher PRS estimated from BP1 GWAS statistics (P = 0.001 ~ 0.007) and displayed modest increase in burdens of rare deleterious SNVs (P = 0.047) and rare CNVs (P = 0.002 ~ 0.033) in genes related to BP1. We did not observe rare variants segregating in the pedigrees. These results suggest that small-to-moderate effect rare and common variants are more likely to contribute to BP1 risk in these extended pedigrees than a few large-effect rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Sul
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Susan K. Service
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alden Y. Huang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,Federal State Institution “National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Petroverigskiy lane 10, Moscow, 101990 Russia
| | - Sun-Goo Hwang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Terri M. Teshiba
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - YoungJun Park
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Anil P. S. Ori
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Niamh Mullins
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Scott C. Fears
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Carmen Araya
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
| | - Mitzi Spesny
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Nin ~os, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel Castrillón
- Instituto de Alta Tecnologia Medica, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia ,grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliana Gomez-Makhinson
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011 Colombia
| | - Maria C. Lopez
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011 Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011 Colombia
| | - Claudia P. Montoya
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011 Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Javier I. Escobar
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011 Colombia
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, 050010 Colombia
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China ,grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Rita M. Cantor
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - Giovanni Coppola
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011 Colombia ,Mood Disorders Program, Hospital San Vicente Fundacion, Medellín, 050011 Colombia
| | - Victor Reus
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Biostatistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Ghasemi M, Claunch J, Niu K. Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:54-87. [PMID: 29890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although over the past 40 years the biogenic amine models have provided meaningful links with the clinical phenomena of, and the pharmacological treatments currently employed in, mood disorders, there is still a need to examine the contribution of other systems to the neurobiology and treatment of mood disorders. This article reviews the current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders. The hypothesis has arisen from several observations including (i) altered NO levels in patients with mood disorders; (ii) antidepressant effects of NO signaling blockers in both clinical and pre-clinical studies; (iii) interaction between conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers and NO signaling modulators in several biochemical and behavioral studies; (iv) biochemical and physiological evidence of interaction between monoaminergic (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) system and NO signaling; (v) interaction between neurotrophic factors and NO signaling in mood regulation and neuroprotection; and finally (vi) a crucial role for NO signaling in the inflammatory processes involved in pathophysiology of mood disorders. These accumulating lines of evidence have provided a new insight into novel approaches for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Joshua Claunch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kathy Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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7
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Saul MC, Stevenson SA, Zhao C, Driessen TM, Eisinger BE, Gammie SC. Genomic variants in an inbred mouse model predict mania-like behaviors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197624. [PMID: 29768498 PMCID: PMC5955540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary rodent models for bipolar disorders split the bipolar spectrum into complimentary behavioral endophenotypes representing mania and depression. Widely accepted mania models typically utilize single gene transgenics or pharmacological manipulations, but inbred rodent strains show great potential as mania models. Their acceptance is often limited by the lack of genotypic data needed to establish construct validity. In this study, we used a unique strategy to inexpensively explore and confirm population allele differences in naturally occurring candidate variants in a manic rodent strain, the Madison (MSN) mouse strain. Variants were identified using whole exome resequencing on a small population of animals. Interesting candidate variants were confirmed in a larger population with genotyping. We enriched these results with observations of locomotor behavior from a previous study. Resequencing identified 447 structural variants that are mostly fixed in the MSN strain relative to control strains. After filtering and annotation, we found 11 non-synonymous MSN variants that we believe alter protein function. The allele frequencies for 6 of these variants were consistent with explanatory variants for the Madison strain's phenotype. The variants are in the Npas2, Cp, Polr3c, Smarca4, Trpv1, and Slc5a7 genes, and many of these genes' products are in pathways implicated in human bipolar disorders. Variants in Smarca4 and Polr3c together explained over 40% of the variance in locomotor behavior in the Hsd:ICR founder strain. These results enhance the MSN strain's construct validity and implicate altered nucleosome structure and transcriptional regulation as a chief molecular system underpinning behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Saul
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. Stevenson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Changjiu Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Terri M. Driessen
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Eisinger
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Expanding the phenotype half of the genotype-phenotype space. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1477-9. [PMID: 26825113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525363113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Peskin VA, Ordóñez A, Mackin RS, Delucchi K, Monge S, McGough JJ, Chavira DA, Berrocal M, Cheung E, Fournier E, Badner JA, Herrera LD, Mathews CA. Neuropsychological and dimensional behavioral trait profiles in Costa Rican ADHD sib pairs: Potential intermediate phenotypes for genetic studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:247-57. [PMID: 25832558 PMCID: PMC4437811 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with substantial functional impairment in children and in adults. Many individuals with ADHD have clear neurocognitive deficits, including problems with visual attention, processing speed, and set shifting. ADHD is etiologically complex, and although genetic factors play a role in its development, much of the genetic contribution to ADHD remains unidentified. We conducted clinical and neuropsychological assessments of 294 individuals (269 with ADHD) from 163 families (48 multigenerational families created using genealogical reconstruction, 78 affected sib pair families, and 37 trios) from the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR). We used principal components analysis (PCA) to group neurocognitive and behavioral variables using the subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and 15 neuropsychological measures, and created quantitative traits for heritability analyses. We identified seven cognitive and two behavioral domains. Individuals with ADHD were significantly more impaired than their unaffected siblings on most behavioral and cognitive domains. The verbal IQ domain had the highest heritability (92%), followed by auditory attention (87%), visual processing speed and problem solving (85%), and externalizing symptoms (81%). The quantitative traits identified here have high heritabilities, similar to the reported heritability of ADHD (70-90%), and may represent appropriate alternative phenotypes for genetic studies. The use of multigenerational families from a genetically isolated population may facilitate the identification of ADHD risk genes in the face of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana A. Peskin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anna Ordóñez
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R. Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Silvia Monge
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital CIMA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - James J. McGough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Denise A. Chavira
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Monica Berrocal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital CIMA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Erika Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Judith A. Badner
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Fears SC, Service SK, Kremeyer B, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Franco J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya P, Aldana I, Teshiba TM, Abaryan Z, Al-Sharif NB, Ericson M, Jalbrzikowski M, Luykx JJ, Navarro L, Tishler TA, Altshuler L, Bartzokis G, Escobar J, Glahn DC, Ospina-Duque J, Risch N, Ruiz-Linares A, Thompson PM, Cantor RM, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Sabatti C, Freimer NB, Bearden CE. Multisystem component phenotypes of bipolar disorder for genetic investigations of extended pedigrees. JAMA Psychiatry 2014; 71:375-87. [PMID: 24522887 PMCID: PMC4045237 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Genetic factors contribute to risk for bipolar disorder (BP), but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. A focus on measuring multisystem quantitative traits that may be components of BP psychopathology may enable genetic dissection of this complex disorder, and investigation of extended pedigrees from genetically isolated populations may facilitate the detection of specific genetic variants that affect BP as well as its component phenotypes. OBJECTIVE To identify quantitative neurocognitive, temperament-related, and neuroanatomical phenotypes that appear heritable and associated with severe BP (bipolar I disorder [BP-I]) and therefore suitable for genetic linkage and association studies aimed at identifying variants contributing to BP-I risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multigenerational pedigree study in 2 closely related, genetically isolated populations: the Central Valley of Costa Rica and Antioquia, Colombia. A total of 738 individuals, all from Central Valley of Costa Rica and Antioquia pedigrees, participated; among them, 181 have BP-I. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Familial aggregation (heritability) and association with BP-I of 169 quantitative neurocognitive, temperament, magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging phenotypes. RESULTS Of 169 phenotypes investigated, 126 (75%) were significantly heritable and 53 (31%) were associated with BP-I. About one-quarter of the phenotypes, including measures from each phenotype domain, were both heritable and associated with BP-I. Neuroimaging phenotypes, particularly cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporal regions as well as volume and microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum, represented the most promising candidate traits for genetic mapping related to BP based on strong heritability and association with disease. Analyses of phenotypic and genetic covariation identified substantial correlations among the traits, at least some of which share a common underlying genetic architecture. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the most extensive investigation of BP-relevant component phenotypes to date. Our results identify brain and behavioral quantitative traits that appear to be genetically influenced and show a pattern of BP-I association within families that is consistent with expectations from case-control studies. Together, these phenotypes provide a basis for identifying loci contributing to BP-I risk and for genetic dissection of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan K Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Carmen Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | - Juliana Gomez-Franco
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria C Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Zvart Abaryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Noor B Al-Sharif
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Marissa Ericson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles6Department of Psychiatry, ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Linda Navarro
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Todd A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lori Altshuler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - George Bartzokis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut9Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Neil Risch
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, England
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia12Mood Disorders Program, Hospital San Vicente Fundacion, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Molina
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles13BioCiencias Lab, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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11
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Shen S, Gehlert DR, Collier DA. PACAP and PAC1 receptor in brain development and behavior. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:421-30. [PMID: 24220567 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) act through three class B G-protein coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2, initiating multiple signaling pathways. In addition to natural peptides ligands, a number of synthetic peptides and a small molecular antagonist have been generated. Genetically modified animals have been produced for the neuropeptides and receptors. Neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, behavioral and pharmacological characterization of the mutants and transgenic mice uncovered diverse roles of PACAP-PAC1-VAPC2 signaling in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system. Human genetic studies suggest that the PACAP-PAC1-VPAC2 signaling can be associated with psychiatric illness via mechanisms of not only loss-of-function, but also gain-of-function. For example, a duplication of chromosome 7q36.3 (encoding the VPAC2 receptor) was shown to be associated with schizophrenia, and high levels of PACAP-PAC1 signaling are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Whereas knockout animals are appropriate to address loss-of-function of human genetics, transgenic mice overexpressing human transgenes in native environment using artificial chromosomes are particularly valuable and essential to address the consequences of gain-of-function. This review focuses on role of PACAP and PAC1 receptor in brain development, behavior of animals and potential implication in human neurodevelopmental disorders. It also encourages keeping an open mind that alterations of VIP/PACAP signaling may associate with psychiatric illness without overt neuroanatomic changes, and that tuning of VIP/PACAP signaling may represent a novel avenue for the treatment of the psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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12
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Daviss WB, O'Donnell L, Soileau BT, Heard P, Carter E, Pliszka SR, Gelfond JAL, Hale DE, Cody JD. Mood disorders in individuals with distal 18q deletions. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:879-88. [PMID: 24006251 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined 36 participants at least 4 years old with hemizygous distal deletions of the long arm of Chromosome 18 (18q-) for histories of mood disorders and to characterize these disorders clinically. Since each participant had a different region of 18q hemizygosity, our goal was also to identify their common region of hemizygosity associated with mood disorders; thereby identifying candidate causal genes in that region. Lifetime mood and other psychiatric disorders were determined by semi-structured interviews of patients and parents, supplemented by reviews of medical and psychiatric records, and norm-referenced psychological assessment instruments, for psychiatric symptoms, cognitive problems, and adaptive functioning. Sixteen participants were identified with lifetime mood disorders (ages 12-42 years, 71% female, 14 having had unipolar depression and 2 with bipolar disorders). From the group of 20 who did not meet criteria for a mood disorder; a comparison group of 6 participants were identified who were matched for age range and deletion size. Mood-disordered patients had high rates of anxiety (75%) and externalizing behavior disorders (44%), and significant mean differences from comparison patients (P < 0.05), including higher overall and verbal IQs and lower autistic symptoms. A critical region was defined in the mood-disordered group that included a hypothetical gene, C18orf62, and two known genes, ZADH2 and TSHZ1. We conclude that patients having terminal deletions of this critical region of the long arm of Chromosome 18 are highly likely to have mood disorders, which are often comorbid with anxiety and to a lesser extent with externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Daviss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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13
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Andrabi M, Hussain A, Rashid F, Nissar SO, Shah IA, Rather YH, Ahangar WH, Dar NA. Chromosome 18p11.2 harbors susceptibility marker: D18S452, for bipolar affective disorder. Indian J Psychiatry 2013; 55:371-5. [PMID: 24459309 PMCID: PMC3890926 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of our study was to investigate whether the tandem repeat polymorphism in D18S452 microsatellite marker at locus 18p11.2 is a risk factor of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) in Kashmiri population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The repeat polymorphism in D18S452 was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of in 74 diagnosed BPAD patients and 74 controls subjects. RESULTS Tandem repeat (300 bp*) allele frequency was found to be 1.35% in controls and 8.108% in cases. The tandem repeat (250 bp*) allele frequency was found to be in 91.89% in cases and 98.65% in controls. The 252 bp/252 bp genotype was found to be present in 89.18% of cases and 98.64% of controls, the 300 bp/300 bp genotype in 5.40% of cases and 1.35% of controls and the 252 bp/300 bp variant in 5.40% of cases and none among the controls. Although the proportion of patients homozygous for tandem repeat (300 bp/300 bp) was higher in cases than in controls, the difference was not statistically significant when 252 bp/252 bp genotype was taken as reference (odds ratio [OR]=4.4242; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4822-40.5924); P=0.1529). However, when the frequency of heterozygous genotype (252 bp/300 bp) was compared with 252 bp/252 bp statistical significance was observed (OR=8.0603; 95% CI 1.1112-58.4646; P=0.0383). CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting a significant association between D18S452 maker with tandem repeat polymorphism in heterozygous condition (252 bp/300 bp) and the development of BPAD in Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutahar Andrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fouzia Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Idrees Ayoub Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Rather
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Waseem Hassan Ahangar
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazir Ahmad Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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14
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Abstract
Linkage studies have defined at least five bipolar (BP) disorder susceptibility loci that meet suggested guidelines for initial identification and subsequent confirmation. These loci, found on 18p11, 18q22, 21q21, 4p16, and Xq26, are targets for BP candidate gene investigations. Molecular dissection of expressed sequences for these regions is likely to yield specific BP susceptibility alleles in most cases, in all probability, these BP susceptibility alleles will be common in the general population, and, individually, will be neither necessary nor sufficient for manifestation syndrome. Additive or multiplicative oligogenic models involving several susceptibility loci appear most reasonable at present, it is hoped thai these BP susceptibility genes will increase understanding of many mysteries surrounding these disorders, including drug response, cycling patterns, age-of-onset, and modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- The department of Psychiatry and the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Gershon ES, Badner JA. Incorporation of molecular data and redefinition of phenotype: new approaches to genetic epidemiology of bipolar manic depressive illness and schizophrenia. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012. [PMID: 22034205 PMCID: PMC3181639 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2001.3.1/esgershon] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considerable advances have been made in identifying specific genetic components of bipolar manic depressive illness (BP) and schizophrenia (SZ), despite their complex inheritance. Meta-analysis of all published whole-genome linkage scans reveals overall support for illness genes in several chromosomal regions. In two of these regions, on the lonq arm of chromosome 13 and on the long arm of chromosome 22, the combined studies of BP and SZ are consistent with a common susceptibility locus for the two disorders. This lends some plausibility to the hypothesis of some shared genetic predispositions for BP and SZ. Other linkages are supported by multiple studies of specific chromosomal regions, most notably two regions on chromosome 6 in SZ. The velocardiofacial syndrome is associated with deletions very close to the linkage region on chromosome 22, and with psychiatric manifestations of both BP and SZ. Endophenotypes of SZ, previously demonstrated to be heritable, have been found to have chromosomal linkage in at least one study. These include eye-tracking abnormalities linked to the short arm of chromosome 6, and abnormality of the P50 cortical evoked potential linked to chromosome 15. Variants in specific genes have been associated with susceptibility to illness, and other genes have been associated with susceptibility to side effects of pharmacological treatment. These genetic findings may eventually be part of an integrated genetic, environmental, and interactive-factor epidemiology of the major mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, III, USA
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16
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Saul MC, Gessay GM, Gammie SC. A new mouse model for mania shares genetic correlates with human bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38128. [PMID: 22675514 PMCID: PMC3366954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a debilitating heritable psychiatric disorder. Contemporary rodent models for the manic pole of BPD have primarily utilized either single locus transgenics or treatment with psychostimulants. Our lab recently characterized a mouse strain termed Madison (MSN) that naturally displays a manic phenotype, exhibiting elevated locomotor activity, increased sexual behavior, and higher forced swimming relative to control strains. Lithium chloride and olanzapine treatments attenuate this phenotype. In this study, we replicated our locomotor activity experiment, showing that MSN mice display generationally-stable mania relative to their outbred ancestral strain, hsd:ICR (ICR). We then performed a gene expression microarray experiment to compare hippocampus of MSN and ICR mice. We found dysregulation of multiple transcripts whose human orthologs are associated with BPD and other psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and ADHD, including: Epor, Smarca4, Cmklr1, Cat, Tac1, Npsr1, Fhit, and P2rx7. RT-qPCR confirmed dysregulation for all of seven transcripts tested. Using a novel genome enrichment algorithm, we found enrichment in genome regions homologous to human loci implicated in BPD in replicated linkage studies including homologs of human cytobands 1p36, 3p14, 3q29, 6p21–22, 12q24, 16q24, and 17q25. Using a functional network analysis, we found dysregulation of a gene system related to chromatin packaging, a result convergent with recent human findings on BPD. Our findings suggest that MSN mice represent a polygenic model for the manic pole of BPD showing much of the genetic systems complexity of the corresponding human disorder. Further, the high degree of convergence between our findings and the human literature on BPD brings up novel questions about evolution by analogy in mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Saul
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
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17
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Yosifova A, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Kamatani Y, Kamatani N, Stoianov D, Vazharova R, Karachanak S, Zaharieva I, Dimova I, Hadjidekova S, Milanova V, Madjirova N, Gerdjikov I, Tolev T, Poryazova N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Kirov G, Toncheva D, Nakamura Y. Genome-wide association study on bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian population. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:789-97. [PMID: 21771265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric disorder influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies have implicated many variants in the disease's etiology but only few have been successfully replicated. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian population followed by a replication study of the top 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing the smallest P values. The GWAS was performed on 188 bipolar disorder patients and 376 control subjects genotyped on the Illumina 550 platform. The replication study was conducted on 122 patients and 328 controls. Although our study did not show any association P value that achieved genome-wide significance, and none of the top 100 SNPs reached the Bonferroni-corrected P value in the replication study, the plausible involvement of some variants cannot be entirely discarded. Three polymorphisms, rs8099939 [P = 2.12 × 10(-6), odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-2.67] in GRIK5, rs6122972 (P = 3.11 × 10(-6), OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.46-2.80) in PARD6B and rs2289700 (P = 9.14 × 10(-6), OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.53-2.95) in CTSH remained associated at a similar level after Mantel-Haenszel test for combining the results from the genome-wide and replication studies. A modest association was also detected for SNP rs1012053 (GWAS P = 4.50 × 10(-2)) in DGKH, which has already been reported as the most significant variant in a previous genome-wide scan on bipolar disorder. However, further studies using larger datasets are needed to identify variants with smaller effects that contribute to the risk of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yosifova
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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18
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Abstract
A genome-wide association study was carried out in 1020 case subjects with recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) (onset before age 31) and 1636 control subjects screened to exclude lifetime MDD. Subjects were genotyped with the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. After extensive quality control procedures, 671 424 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 25 068 X chromosome SNPs with minor allele frequency greater than 1% were available for analysis. An additional 1 892 186 HapMap II SNPs were analyzed based on imputed genotypic data. Single-SNP logistic regression trend tests were computed, with correction for ancestry-informative principal component scores. No genome-wide significant evidence for association was observed, assuming that nominal P<5 × 10(-8) approximates a 5% genome-wide significance threshold. The strongest evidence for association was observed on chromosome 18q22.1 (rs17077540, P=1.83 × 10(-7)) in a region that has produced some evidence for linkage to bipolar-I or -II disorder in several studies, within an mRNA detected in human brain tissue (BC053410) and approximately 75 kb upstream of DSEL. Comparing these results with those of a meta-analysis of three MDD GWAS data sets reported in a companion article, we note that among the strongest signals observed in the GenRED sample, the meta-analysis provided the greatest support (although not at a genome-wide significant level) for association of MDD to SNPs within SP4, a brain-specific transcription factor. Larger samples will be required to confirm the hypothesis of association between MDD (and particularly the recurrent early-onset subtype) and common SNPs.
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Ingason A, Rujescu D, Cichon S, Sigurdsson E, Sigmundsson T, Pietiläinen OPH, Buizer-Voskamp JE, Strengman E, Francks C, Muglia P, Gylfason A, Gustafsson O, Olason PI, Steinberg S, Hansen T, Jakobsen KD, Rasmussen HB, Giegling I, Möller HJ, Hartmann A, Crombie C, Fraser G, Walker N, Lonnqvist J, Suvisaari J, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Bramon E, Kiemeney LA, Franke B, Murray R, Vassos E, Toulopoulou T, Mühleisen TW, Tosato S, Ruggeri M, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Zhang Z, Werge T, Ophoff RA, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Petursson H, Stefansson H, Peltonen L, Collier D, Stefansson K, St Clair DM. Copy number variations of chromosome 16p13.1 region associated with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:17-25. [PMID: 19786961 PMCID: PMC3330746 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deletions and reciprocal duplications of the chromosome 16p13.1 region have recently been reported in several cases of autism and mental retardation (MR). As genomic copy number variants found in these two disorders may also associate with schizophrenia, we examined 4345 schizophrenia patients and 35,079 controls from 8 European populations for duplications and deletions at the 16p13.1 locus, using microarray data. We found a threefold excess of duplications and deletions in schizophrenia cases compared with controls, with duplications present in 0.30% of cases versus 0.09% of controls (P=0.007) and deletions in 0.12 % of cases and 0.04% of controls (P>0.05). The region can be divided into three intervals defined by flanking low copy repeats. Duplications spanning intervals I and II showed the most significant (P = 0.00010) association with schizophrenia. The age of onset in duplication and deletion carriers among cases ranged from 12 to 35 years, and the majority were males with a family history of psychiatric disorders. In a single Icelandic family, a duplication spanning intervals I and II was present in two cases of schizophrenia, and individual cases of alcoholism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia. Candidate genes in the region include NTAN1 and NDE1. We conclude that duplications and perhaps also deletions of chromosome 16p13.1, previously reported to be associated with autism and MR, also confer risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ingason
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - D Rujescu
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Sigurdsson
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - T Sigmundsson
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - OPH Pietiläinen
- Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - JE Buizer-Voskamp
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Francks
- Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy
| | - P Muglia
- Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - T Hansen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - KD Jakobsen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - HB Rasmussen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - I Giegling
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - H-J Möller
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - A Hartmann
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - C Crombie
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - G Fraser
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - N Walker
- Ravenscraig Hospital, Greenock, Scotland
| | - J Lonnqvist
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Suvisaari
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Tuulio-Henriksson
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Bramon
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - LA Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (133 EPIB)/Department of Urology (659 URO), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Murray
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - E Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - T Toulopoulou
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - TW Mühleisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Djurovic
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Psychiatry, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - OA Andreassen
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Psychiatry, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Statistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Werge
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - RA Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - MM Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Petursson
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - L Peltonen
- Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Collier
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | | | - DM St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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20
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Mathieu F, Dizier MH, Etain B, Jamain S, Rietschel M, Maier W, Albus M, McKeon P, Roche S, Blackwood D, Muir WJ, Henry C, Malafosse A, Preisig M, Ferrero F, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Ohlraun S, Propping P, Abou Jamra R, Schulze TG, Zelenica D, Charon C, Marusic A, Dernovsek MC, Gurling H, Nöthen M, Lathrop M, Leboyer M, Bellivier F. European collaborative study of early-onset bipolar disorder: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity on 2q14 according to age at onset. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1425-33. [PMID: 20886542 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder has a genetic component, but the mode of inheritance remains unclear. A previous genome scan conducted in 70 European families led to detect eight regions linked to bipolar disease. Here, we present an investigation of whether the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder corresponds to genetic heterogeneity in these regions using additional markers and an extended sample of families. The MLS statistic was used for linkage analyses. The predivided sample test and the maximum likelihood binomial methods were used to test genetic homogeneity between early-onset bipolar type I (cut-off of 22 years) and other types of the disorder (later onset of bipolar type I and early-onset bipolar type II), using a total of 138 independent bipolar-affected sib-pairs. Analysis of the extended sample of families supports linkage in four regions (2q14, 3p14, 16p23, and 20p12) of the eight regions of linkage suggested by our previous genome scan. Heterogeneity testing revealed genetic heterogeneity between early and late-onset bipolar type I in the 2q14 region (P = 0.0001). Only the early form of the bipolar disorder but not the late form appeared to be linked to this region. This region may therefore include a genetic factor either specifically involved in the early-onset bipolar type I or only influencing the age at onset (AAO). Our findings illustrate that stratification according to AAO may be valuable for the identification of genetic vulnerability polymorphisms. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Mathieu
- INSERM, U 955, IMRB, Department of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry Genetics, Creteil, France.
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21
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Association analysis between polymorphisms in the myo-inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2) gene and bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1515-9. [PMID: 20800640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Linkage studies in bipolar disorder (BPD) suggest that a susceptibility locus exists on chromosome 18p11. The myo-inositol monophosphatase 2 gene (IMPA2) maps to this genomic region. Myo-inositol monophosphatase dephosphorylates inositol monophosphate, regenerating free inositol. Lithium, a common treatment for BPD, has been shown to inhibit IMPA2 activity and decrease levels of inositol. It is hypothesized that lithium conveys its therapeutic effect for BPD patients partially through inositol regulation. Hence, dysfunction of inositol caused by IMPA2 irregularity may contribute to the pathophysiology of BPD. In this study, we hypothesize that genetic variations in the IMPA2 gene contributes to increased susceptibility to BPD. We tested this hypothesis by genotyping 9 SNPs (rs1787984; rs585247; rs3974759; rs650727; rs589247; rs669838; rs636173; rs3786285; rs613993) in BPD patients (n=556) and controls (n=735). Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups using Chi square contingency analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers was calculated and estimated haplotype frequencies were compared between groups. Single marker analysis revealed several associations between IMPA2 variations and BPD, which were subsequently rendered non-significant after correction for multiple testing. Although our study did not show strong support for an association between the tested IMPA2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to BPD, additional larger studies are necessary to comprehensively investigate a role of the IMPA2 gene in the pathophysiology of BPD.
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22
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Kremeyer B, García J, Müller H, Burley MW, Herzberg I, Parra MV, Duque C, Vega J, Montoya P, López MC, Bedoya G, Reus V, Palacio C, López C, Ospina-Duque J, Freimer NB, Ruiz-Linares A. Genome-wide linkage scan of bipolar disorder in a Colombian population isolate replicates Loci on chromosomes 7p21-22, 1p31, 16p12 and 21q21-22 and identifies a novel locus on chromosome 12q. Hum Hered 2010; 70:255-68. [PMID: 21071953 PMCID: PMC3068751 DOI: 10.1159/000320914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Bipolar disorder (BP) is a severe psychiatric illness, characterised by alternating episodes of depression and mania, which ranks among the top ten causes of morbidity and life-long disability world-wide. We have previously performed a whole-genome linkage scan on 6 pedigrees segregating severe BP from the well-characterised population isolate of Antioquia, Colombia. We recently collected genotypes for the same set of 382 autosomal microsatellite markers in 9 additional Antioquian BP pedigrees. Here, we report the analysis of the combined pedigree set. METHODS Linkage analysis using both parametric and nonparametric approaches was conducted for 3 different diagnostic models: severe BP only (BPI); mood disorders (BPI, BPII and major depression); and psychosis (operationally defined by the occurrence of at least 1 episode of hallucinations and/or delusions). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION For BPI only, the most interesting result was obtained for chromosome 7p21.1-p22.2 under a recessive model of inheritance (heterogeneity LOD score = 2.80), a region that had previously been linked to BP in a study on Portuguese Island families. For both BPI and mood disorders, nonparametric analyses identified a locus on chromosome 12ct-q14 (nonparametric linkage = 2.55 and 2.35, respectively). This locus has not previously been reported as a candidate region for BP. Additional candidate regions were found on chromosomes 1p22-31 (mood disorders) and 21q21-22 (BPI), 2 loci that have repeatedly been implicated in BP susceptibility. Linkage analysis of psychosis as a phenotype identified candidate regions on chromosomes 2q24-31 and 16p12-q12. The finding on chromosome 16p is noteworthy because the same locus has been implicated by genome-wide association analyses of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kremeyer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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23
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Del Zompo M, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Piccardi M, Dib C, Muzard G, Soubigou S, Derock M, Fournel R, Vaubien Y, Roche S, Bowen-Squires L, Génin E, Cousin E, Deleuze JF, Biguet NF, Mallet J, Meloni R. Genome-scan for bipolar disorder with sib-pair families in the Sardinian population: a new susceptibility locus on chromosome 1p22-p21? Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1200-8. [PMID: 20468074 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the genetic factors implicated in the predisposition to complex diseases may greatly profit from genetic studies in isolated populations. In this perspective, we performed a genome-wide scan using 507 microsatellite markers, with an average interval size of 7.6 cM, on a sample of 88 nuclear families with at least two affected sibs with bipolar disorder recruited in the Sardinian population. An initial analysis yielded non-parametric linkage exceeding 3.4 with P-values <0.0003 at two adjacent markers, D1S206 and D1S435 in the 1p22-p21 chromosomal region. Moreover, positive linkage ranging between 2.0 and 3.0 was obtained for other loci in several cases in regions that have already been linked to predisposition to bipolar disorder, such as 5p15.33, 8q24.13, and 11q14.3. A subsequent analysis of the 1p22-p21 region using the same set of families and a dense panel of 20 new microsatellite markers, spaced at 1.2 cM on average, reinforced the finding of suggestive linkage for this region. Interestingly, NPL values above 2.1 and P-values <0.02 were obtained for a cluster of 10 markers comprising D1S435. Thus, this study suggests that the 1p22-p21 region may contain a new locus participating to the genetic susceptibility to bipolar disorder and reproduces positive linkage for several other loci already implicated in this pathology. Since the Sardinian population presents a peculiar genetic homogeneity, these results may pave the way to further studies for replication in this population contributing to the rapid discovery of the genetic factors predisposing to bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Zompo
- Center of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Neurosciences B.B. Brodie, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 46, Cagliari, Italy
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24
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Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on sodium-induced apoptosis in human olfactory neuroepithelial progenitor cells. Psychiatry Res 2010; 178:391-4. [PMID: 20472302 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) peptide are linked to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the BDNF gene (BDNF) have been associated with bipolar illness. Since both elevated intracellular sodium and apoptosis are believed to contribute to cellular dysfunction in bipolar disorder, it is important to determine the effect of exogenous BDNF on apoptosis induced by the high levels of intracellular sodium seen in ill bipolar patients. Human olfactory neuroepithelial progenitor cells were treated with monensin, a sodium ionophore that increases intracellular sodium and leads to apoptosis. Apoptosis was quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mono- and oligonucleosomes. Elevation of intracellular sodium concentration by monensin induced apoptosis. BDNF 100ng/mL pretreatment or co-treatment attenuated the monensin-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with BDNF for 24h reduced monensin-induced apoptosis by 93%. Co-treatment of BDNF and monensin increased intracellular sodium concentration and reduced apoptosis by 66%. Monensin for 24h models a process that is believed to occur during ill phases of bipolar illness. Treatment with BDNF greatly attenuates or prevents monensin-induced apoptosis. The functional consequences of BDNF SNPs, known to be associated with bipolar illness, need to be examined.
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25
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Patel SD, Le-Niculescu H, Koller DL, Green SD, Lahiri DK, McMahon FJ, Nurnberger JI, Niculescu AB. Coming to grips with complex disorders: genetic risk prediction in bipolar disorder using panels of genes identified through convergent functional genomics. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:850-77. [PMID: 20468069 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously proposed and provided proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), combining gene expression and genetic data, from human and animal model studies, as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics-only approach [Le-Niculescu et al., 2009b]. CFG provides a fit-to-disease prioritization of genes that leads to generalizability in independent cohorts, and counterbalances the fit-to-cohort prioritization inherent in classic genetic-only approaches, which have been plagued by poor reproducibility across cohorts. We have now extended our previous work to include more datasets of GWAS, and more recent evidence from other lines of work. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder. Biological pathway analyses identified top canonical pathways, and epistatic interaction testing inside these pathways has identified genes that merit future follow-up as direct interactors (intra-pathway epistasis, INPEP). Moreover, we have put together a panel of best P-value single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on the top candidate genes we identified. We have developed a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) based on our panel, and demonstrate how in two independent test cohorts the GRPS differentiates between subjects with bipolar disorder and normal controls, in both European-American and African-American populations. Lastly, we describe a prototype of how such testing could be used to categorize disease risk in individuals and aid personalized medicine approaches, in psychiatry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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26
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Lohoff FW, Ferraro TN, Brodkin ES, Weller AE, Bloch PJ. Association between polymorphisms in the metallophosphoesterase (MPPE1) gene and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:830-6. [PMID: 19859903 PMCID: PMC3029019 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic linkage studies in bipolar disorder (BPD) suggest that a susceptibility locus exists on chromosome 18p11. The metallophosphoesterase (MPPE1) gene maps to this region. Dysregulation of protein phosphorylation and subsequent abnormal cellular signaling has been postulated to be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders thus making MPPE1 a plausible biological candidate gene for BPD. In this study, we hypothesized that genetic variation in the MPPE1 gene contributes to BPD. We tested this hypothesis by genotyping four SNPs (rs871044; rs3974590; rs593713; rs602201) in BPD patients (n = 570) and healthy controls (n = 725). Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between groups using Chi square contingency analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers was calculated and estimated haplotype frequencies were compared between groups. Single marker analysis revealed an association of rs3974590 with BPD (P = 0.009; permutation corrected P = 0.046). Haplotype analysis did not show any significant association with disease after permutation correction. Our results provide evidence of an association between a polymorphism in the MPPE1 gene and BPD. Additional studies are necessary to confirm and elucidate the role of MPPE1 as a susceptibility gene for BPD on chromosome 18p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W. Lohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Corresponding Author: Falk W. Lohoff, MD, Assistant Professor of Psychaitry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31st Street, Room 2213, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 573-4582, Fax: (215) 573-2041,
| | - Thomas N. Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward S. Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew E. Weller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul J. Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Zavala J, Ramirez M, Medina R, Heard P, Carter E, Crandall A, Hale D, Cody J, Escamilla M. Psychiatric syndromes in individuals with chromosome 18 abnormalities. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:837-45. [PMID: 19927307 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 18 abnormalities are associated with a range of physical abnormalities such as short stature and hearing impairments. Psychiatric manifestations have also been observed. This study focuses on the presentations of psychiatric syndromes as they relate to specific chromosomal abnormalities of chromosome 18. Twenty-five subjects (13 with an 18q deletion, 9 with 18p tetrasomy, and 3 with an 18p deletion), were interviewed by psychiatrists (blind to specific chromosomal abnormality) using the DIGS (subjects 18 and older) or KSADS-PL (subjects under 18). A consensus best estimation diagnostic process was employed to determine psychiatric syndromes. Oligonucleotide Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Agilent Technologies) was utilized to define specific regions of chromosome 18 that were deleted or duplicated. These data were further analyzed to determine critical regions of the chromosome as they relate to phenotypic manifestations in these subjects. 58.3% of the chromosome 18q- deletion subjects had depressive symptoms, 58.3% had anxiety symptoms, 25% had manic symptoms, and 25% had psychotic symptoms. 66.6% of the chromosome 18p- deletion subjects had anxiety symptoms, and none had depressive, manic, or psychotic symptoms. Fifty percent of the chromosome 18p tetrasomy subjects had anxiety symptoms, 12.5% had psychotic symptoms, and 12.5% had a mood disorder. All three chromosomal disorders were associated with high anxiety rates. Psychotic, manic and depressive disorders were seen mostly in 18q- subjects and this may be helpful in narrowing regions for candidate genes for these psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zavala
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 454 Soledad, Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
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28
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Jasinska A, Service S, Jawaheer D, DeYoung J, Levinson M, Zhang Z, Kremeyer B, Muller H, Aldana I, Garcia J, Restrepo G, Lopez C, Palacio C, Duque C, Parra M, Vega J, Ortiz D, Bedoya G, Mathews C, Davanzo P, Fournier E, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Ortiz CA, Araya X, Molina J, Sabatti C, Reus V, Ospina J, Macaya G, Ruiz-Linares A, Freimer N. A narrow and highly significant linkage signal for severe bipolar disorder in the chromosome 5q33 region in Latin American pedigrees. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:998-1006. [PMID: 19319892 PMCID: PMC4815924 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported linkage of bipolar disorder to 5q33-q34 in families from two closely related population isolates, the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR) and Antioquia, Colombia (CO). Here we present follow up results from fine-scale mapping in large CVCR and CO families segregating severe bipolar disorder, BP-I, and in 343 population trios/duos from CVCR and CO. Employing densely spaced SNPs to fine map the prior linkage peak region increases linkage evidence and clarifies the position of the putative BP-I locus. We performed two-point linkage analysis with 1134 SNPs in an approximately 9 Mb region between markers D5S410 and D5S422. Combining pedigrees from CVCR and CO yields a LOD score of 4.9 at SNP rs10035961. Two other SNPs (rs7721142 and rs1422795) within the same 94 kb region also displayed LOD scores greater than 4. This linkage peak coincides with our prior microsatellite results and suggests a narrowed BP-I susceptibility regions in these families. To investigate if the locus implicated in the familial form of BP-I also contributes to disease risk in the population, we followed up the family results with association analysis in duo and trio samples, obtaining signals within 2 Mb of the peak linkage signal in the pedigrees; rs12523547 and rs267015 (P = 0.00004 and 0.00016, respectively) in the CO sample and rs244960 in the CVCR sample and the combined sample, with P = 0.00032 and 0.00016, respectively. It remains unclear whether these association results reflect the same locus contributing to BP susceptibility within the extended pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S. Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - D. Jawaheer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J. DeYoung
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - M. Levinson
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Z. Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - B. Kremeyer
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H. Muller
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I. Aldana
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J. Garcia
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - G. Restrepo
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - C. Lopez
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - C. Palacio
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - C. Duque
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - M. Parra
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - J. Vega
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - D. Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - G. Bedoya
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - C. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - P. Davanzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - E. Fournier
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - J. Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - M. Ramirez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - C. Araya Ortiz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - X. Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - J. Molina
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - C. Sabatti
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Statistics and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - V. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - J. Ospina
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, South Carolina
| | - G. Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - A. Ruiz-Linares
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N.B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Li X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ji J, Yang F, Wan C, Wang P, Feng G, Lindpaintner K, He L, He G. Association study on the NAPG gene and bipolar disorder in the Chinese Han population. Neurosci Lett 2009; 457:159-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kaneva R, Milanova V, Angelicheva D, MacGregor S, Kostov C, Vladimirova R, Aleksiev S, Angelova M, Stoyanova V, Loh A, Hallmayer J, Kalaydjieva L, Jablensky A. Bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian Gypsies: genetic heterogeneity in a young founder population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:191-201. [PMID: 18444255 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of follow-up analyses of 12 genomic regions showing evidence of linkage in a genome-wide scan (GWS) of Gypsy families with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). The Gypsies are a young founder population comprising multiple genetically differentiated sub-isolates with strong founder effect and limited genetic diversity. The BPAD families belong to a single sub-isolate and are connected by numerous inter-marriages, resulting in a super-pedigree with 181 members. We aimed to re-assess the positive GWS findings and search for evidence of a founder susceptibility allele after the addition of newly recruited subjects, some changes in diagnostic assignment, and the use of denser genetic maps. Linkage analysis was conducted with SimWalk2, accommodating the full complexity of pedigree structure and using a conservative narrow phenotype definition (BPAD only). Six regions were rejected, while 1p36, 13q31, 17p11, 17q21, 6q24, and 4q31 produced nominally significant results in both the individual families and the super-pedigree. Haplotypes were reconstructed and joint tests for linkage and association were done for the most promising regions. No common ancestral haplotype was identified by sequencing a strong positional and functional candidate gene (GRM1) and additional STR genotyping in the top GWS region, 6q24. The best supported region was a 12 cM interval on 4q31, also implicated in previous studies, where we obtained significant results in the super-pedigree using both SimWalk2 (P = 0.004) and joint Pseudomarker analysis of linkage and linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.000056). The size of the region and the characteristics of the Gypsy population make it suitable for LD mapping.
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Le-Niculescu H, Patel SD, Bhat M, Kuczenski R, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, McMahon FJ, Schork NJ, Nurnberger JI, Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomics of genome-wide association data for bipolar disorder: comprehensive identification of candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:155-81. [PMID: 19025758 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given the mounting convergent evidence implicating many more genes in complex disorders such as bipolar disorder than the small number identified unambiguously by the first-generation Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS) to date, there is a strong need for improvements in methodology. One strategy is to include in the next generation GWAS larger numbers of subjects, and/or to pool independent studies into meta-analyses. We propose and provide proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics-only approach. With the CFG approach, the integration of genetics with genomics, of human and animal model data, and of multiple independent lines of evidence converging on the same genes offers a way of extracting signal from noise and prioritizing candidates. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder, yielding a series of novel (such as Klf12, Aldh1a1, A2bp1, Ak3l1, Rorb, Rora) and previously known (such as Bdnf, Arntl, Gsk3b, Disc1, Nrg1, Htr2a) candidate genes, blood biomarkers, as well as a comprehensive identification of pathways and mechanisms. These become prime targets for hypothesis driven follow-up studies, new drug development and personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Liu L, Foroud T, Xuei X, Berrettini W, Byerley W, Coryell W, El-Mallakh R, Gershon ES, Kelsoe JR, Lawson WB, MacKinnon DF, McInnis M, McMahon FJ, Murphy DL, Rice J, Scheftner W, Zandi PP, Lohoff F, Niculescu AB, Meyer ET, Edenberg HJ, Nurnberger JI. Evidence of association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2008; 18:267-74. [PMID: 19018231 PMCID: PMC2653694 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3283060f59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, and outgrowth of select peripheral and central neurons throughout adulthood. Growing evidence suggests that BDNF is involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. METHODS Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the BDNF gene were genotyped in a sample of 1749 Caucasian Americans from 250 multiplex bipolar families. Family-based association analysis was used with three hierarchical bipolar disorder models to test for an association between SNPs in BDNF and the risk of bipolar disorder. In addition, an exploratory analysis was performed to test for an association of the SNPs in BDNF and the phenotypes of rapid cycling and episode frequency. RESULTS Evidence of association (P<0.05) was found with several of the SNPs using multiple models of bipolar disorder; one of these SNPs also showed evidence of association (P<0.05) with rapid cycling. CONCLUSION These results provide further evidence that variation in BDNF affects the risk for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francis J. McMahon
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dennis L. Murphy
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John Rice
- Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | | | - Falk Lohoff
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder, especially the most severe type (type I), has a strong genetic component. Family studies suggest that a small number of genes of modest effect are involved in this disorder. Family-based studies have identified a number of chromosomal regions linked to bipolar disorder, and progress is currently being made in identifying positional candidate genes within those regions, À number of candidate genes have also shown evidence of association with bipolar disorder, and genome-wide association studies are now under way, using dense genetic maps. Replication studies in larger or combined datasets are needed to definitively assign a role for specific genes in this disorder. This review covers our current knowledge of the genetics of bipolar disorder, and provides a commentary on current approaches used to identify the genes involved in this complex behavioral disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Escamilla
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Medical Genetics Research Center, 1214 Schunior St, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
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Crespi B. Genomic imprinting in the development and evolution of psychotic spectrum conditions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2008; 83:441-93. [PMID: 18783362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
I review and evaluate genetic and genomic evidence salient to the hypothesis that the development and evolution of psychotic spectrum conditions have been mediated in part by alterations of imprinted genes expressed in the brain. Evidence from the genetics and genomics of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and other neurogenetic conditions support the hypothesis that the etiologies of psychotic spectrum conditions commonly involve genetic and epigenetic imbalances in the effects of imprinted genes, with a bias towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression or other genes favouring maternal interests. By contrast, autistic spectrum conditions, including Kanner autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, Turner syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, commonly engender increased relative effects from paternally expressed imprinted genes, or reduced effects from genes favouring maternal interests. Imprinted-gene effects on the etiologies of autistic and psychotic spectrum conditions parallel the diametric effects of imprinted genes in placental and foetal development, in that psychotic spectrum conditions tend to be associated with undergrowth and relatively-slow brain development, whereas some autistic spectrum conditions involve brain and body overgrowth, especially in foetal development and early childhood. An important role for imprinted genes in the etiologies of psychotic and autistic spectrum conditions is consistent with neurodevelopmental models of these disorders, and with predictions from the conflict theory of genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BCV5A1S6, Canada.
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Mérette C, Roy MA, Bureau A, Fournier A, Emond C, Cliche D, Jomphe V, Chagnon YC, Maziade M. Replication of linkage with bipolar disorder on chromosome 16p in the Eastern Quebec population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:737-44. [PMID: 18165973 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study [Maziade et al. (2005); Mol Psychiatry 10:486-499], we provided evidence for linkage (parametric lod score of 4.05) on chromosome 16p for bipolar affective disorder (BP) in 21 kindreds from Eastern Quebec, a population characterized by a founder effect. Using a stringent design, we performed a replication study in a second sample of 27 kindreds (sample 2) collected from the same population and assessed with the same methodologies as in our original sample (sample 1), that is with the same diagnostic procedure and using a common set of 23 markers studied with model-based (parametric) and model-free (nonparametric) linkage analyses. We replicated our initial finding with P values <0.001. Indeed, maximum NPL(all) scores of 3.7 and 3.52 were found at marker D16S3060 in sample 2 for the narrow and broad BP phenotype definition, respectively. For the latter definition, the nonparametric score reached 3.87 in the combined sample, a value that exceeded the maximum NPL score obtained in each individual sample (NPL(all) = 2.32 in sample 1; NPL(all) = 3.52 in sample 2). Moreover, a refined phenotype restricted to BP associated with psychosis yielded significant evidence for linkage in each individual sample (NPL(all) = 2.38 in sample 1; NPL(all) = 2.72) while yielding the best result (NPL(all) score = 3.90) in the combined sample (samples 1 and 2), despite an important reduction in the number of affected individuals. It is also noteworthy that the use of the refined phenotype provided a location of the maximum linkage peak shared by both samples, that is, at marker D16S668 in 16p13.12, suggesting consistency across samples. Our study provided one of the strongest pieces of evidence for linkage with BP in 16p and illustrated the heuristic potential of a replication study in a second sample ascertained from the same population and using homogeneous methodologies.
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Genome-wide parametric linkage analyses of 644 bipolar pedigrees suggest susceptibility loci at chromosomes 16 and 20. Psychiatr Genet 2008; 18:191-8. [PMID: 18628681 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3283050aa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim is to map chromosomal regions that harbor loci that increase susceptibility to bipolar disorder. METHODS We analyzed 644 bipolar families ascertained by the National Institute of Mental Health Human Genetics Initiative for bipolar disorder. The families have been genotyped with microsatellite loci spaced every approximately 10 cM or less across the genome. Earlier analyses of these pedigrees have been limited to nonparametric (model-free) methods and thus, information from unaffected subjects with genotypes was not considered. In this study, we used parametric analyses assuming dominant and recessive transmission and specifying a maximum penetrance of 70%, so that information from unaffecteds could be weighed in the linkage analyses. As in previous linkage analyses of these pedigrees, we analyzed three diagnostic categories: model 1 included only bipolar I and schizoaffective, bipolar cases (1565 patients of whom approximately 4% were schizoaffective, bipolar); model 2 included all individuals in model 1 plus bipolar II patients (1764 total individuals); and model 3 included all individuals in model 2 with the addition of patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (2046 total persons). RESULTS Assuming dominant inheritance the highest genome-wide pair-wise logarithm of the odds (LOD) score was 3.2 with D16S749 using model 2 patients. Multipoint analyses of this region yielded a maximum LOD score of 4.91. Under recessive transmission a number of chromosome 20 markers were positive and multipoint analyses of the area gave a maximum LOD of 3.0 with model 2 cases. CONCLUSION The chromosome 16p and 20 regions have been implicated by some studies and the data reported herein provide additional suggestive evidence of bipolar susceptibility genes in these regions.
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Lohoff FW, Weller AE, Bloch PJ, Nall AH, Ferraro TN, Berrettini WH. Association between polymorphisms in the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A (VAPA) gene on chromosome 18p and bipolar disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:1339-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-008-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Association analysis of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP/ADCYAP1) gene in bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2008; 18:53-8. [PMID: 18349695 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3282f60320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage studies in bipolar disorder (BPD) suggest that a susceptibility locus exists on chromosome 18p11. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) (PACAP/ADCYAP1) gene maps to this region. PACAP is a neuropeptide involved in neurotransmission in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system and is required for catecholamine secretion. Animal models of PACAP mutations show remarkable behavioral defects, including hyperactivity and increased exploratory behavior. OBJECTIVE In this study we tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in the human PACAP gene contribute to BPD. METHODS Genotyping of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1893154; rs2846811; rs8192595; rs2856966; rs928978; rs2231187; rs1610037) was performed in BPD patients (n=570) and healthy controls (n=710). Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between groups using chi contingency analysis. Linkage disequilibrium between markers was calculated and estimated haplotype frequencies were compared between groups. MAIN RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups on the allele, genotype or haplotype level for any of the tested single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Our results provide no evidence of an association of the PACAP gene with BPD in this group of patients and controls. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the BPD susceptibility locus on chromosome 18p.
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Evans LM, Akiskal HS, Greenwood TA, Nievergelt CM, Keck PE, McElroy SL, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Schork NJ, Kelsoe JR. Suggestive linkage of a chromosomal locus on 18p11 to cyclothymic temperament in bipolar disorder families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147:326-32. [PMID: 18081158 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to identify bipolar disorder (BP) genes have only enjoyed limited success. One potential cause for this problem is that the traditional categorical BP phenotypes currently used in genetic linkage studies are not the most informative, efficient, or biologically relevant. An alternative to these strict categorical BP phenotypes is quantitative BP phenotypes. By isolating one aspect of a complex trait such as BP into a simple, intermediate, quantitative trait, genes that contribute to the larger complex trait can be more readily identified. Along these lines, we utilized a temperament-based measure (cyclothymic temperament) as a quantitative, intermediate BP phenotype in linkage analyses and hypothesized that this measure might more efficiently detect loci for BP or temperamental traits that predispose to BP. A total of 158 individuals with temperament data from 28 BP families were used in the linkage analyses. All pedigrees had a proband diagnosed with BPI or BPII and at least two other family members with a mood disorder diagnosis. An 8 cM genome scan was performed and analyzed using MERLIN nonparametric multipoint regression linkage for a cyclothymic temperament trait. The highest overall LOD score was on chromosome 18 (LOD = 2.71, P = 0.0002). Other linkage peaks which may indicate potential regions of interest were found on chromosomes 3 and 7. The temperament-based cyclothymic trait yielded a higher peak LOD score and a lower P-value than analyses using traditional, categorical phenotypes in a separate analysis including these same families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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40
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Le-Niculescu H, McFarland MJ, Ogden CA, Balaraman Y, Patel S, Tan J, Rodd ZA, Paulus M, Geyer MA, Edenberg HJ, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Nurnberger JI, Kuczenski R, Tsuang MT, Niculescu AB. Phenomic, convergent functional genomic, and biomarker studies in a stress-reactive genetic animal model of bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcoholism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:134-66. [PMID: 18247375 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We had previously identified the clock gene D-box binding protein (Dbp) as a potential candidate gene for bipolar disorder and for alcoholism, using a Convergent Functional Genomics (CFG) approach. Here we report that mice with a homozygous deletion of DBP have lower locomotor activity, blunted responses to stimulants, and gain less weight over time. In response to a chronic stress paradigm, these mice exhibit a diametric switch in these phenotypes. DBP knockout mice are also activated by sleep deprivation, similar to bipolar patients, and that activation is prevented by treatment with the mood stabilizer drug valproate. Moreover, these mice show increased alcohol intake following exposure to stress. Microarray studies of brain and blood reveal a pattern of gene expression changes that may explain the observed phenotypes. CFG analysis of the gene expression changes identified a series of novel candidate genes and blood biomarkers for bipolar disorder, alcoholism, and stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le-Niculescu
- Laboratory of Neurophenomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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41
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Savitz J, Cupido CL, Ramesar RK. Preliminary evidence for linkage to chromosome 1q31-32, 10q23.3, and 16p13.3 in a South African cohort with bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:383-7. [PMID: 17171663 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the genetic variants predisposing to the development of bipolar disorder (BPD) have yet to be conclusively identified, replicated reports of linkage to particular chromosomal regions have been encouraging. Here we carried out a non-parametric linkage analysis of nine of these candidate loci in a unique South African sample of 47 BPD pedigrees (N = 350). Three polymorphic markers per region of interest (3 x 9) were typed in a Caucasian cohort of Afrikaner and British origin. Statistically significant evidence for linkage was obtained at 1q31-32, 10q23.3, and 16p13.3 with maximum NPL scores of 2.52, 2.01, and 1.84, respectively. Our results add to the growing evidence that these chromosomal regions harbor genetic variants that play a role in the development of bipolar spectrum illness. Negative results were obtained for the remaining six candidate loci, possibly due to limited statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Savitz
- Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Venken T, Del-Favero J. Chasing genes for mood disorders and schizophrenia in genetically isolated populations. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:1156-70. [PMID: 17659644 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Major affective disorders and schizophrenia are among the most common brain diseases worldwide and their predisposition is influenced by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. So far, traditional linkage mapping studies for these complex disorders have not achieved the same success as the positional cloning of genes for Mendelian diseases. The struggle to identify susceptibility genes for complex disorders has stimulated the development of alternative approaches, including studies in genetically isolated populations. Since isolated populations are likely to have both a reduced number of genetic vulnerability factors and environmental background and are therefore considered to be more homogeneous compared to outbred populations, the use of isolated populations in genetic studies is expected to improve the chance of finding susceptibility loci and genes. Here we review the role of isolated populations, based on linkage and association studies, in the identification of susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Venken
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Marcheco-Teruel B, Flint TJ, Wikman FP, Torralbas M, González L, Blanco L, Tan Q, Ewald H, Orntoft T, Kruse TA, Børglum AD, Mors O. A genome-wide linkage search for bipolar disorder susceptibility loci in a large and complex pedigree from the eastern part of Cuba. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:833-43. [PMID: 16917938 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present results from a genome-wide scan of a six generation pedigree with 28 affected members with apparently dominant bipolar I disorder from eastern Cuba. Genotypes were obtained using the early access version of the Genechip Mapping 10K Xba array from AFFYMETRIX. Parametric and non-parametric linkage analyses under dominant and recessive models were performed using GENEHUNTER v2.1r5. Two phenotypic models were included in the analyses: bipolar I disorder and recurrent depressive disorder, or bipolar I disorder only. LOD scores were calculated for the entire family combined, and for four subdivisions of the family. For the entire family a suggestive parametric LOD score was obtained under the dominant model and the broader phenotype at 14q11.2-12 (LOD = 2.05). In the same region, a non-parametric LOD score close to genome-wide significance was also obtained, based on the entire family (NPL = 7.31, P-value = 0.07). For two individual branches of the pedigree, genome-wide significance (P < 0.005) was obtained with NPL scores of 8.71 and 12.99, respectively, also in the same region on chromosome 14. Chromosome 5q21.3-22.3 also showed close to genome-wide significant linkage for the complete pedigree (NPL = 7.26, P = 0.07), also supported by significant linkage in one individual branch (NPL = 9.86, P < 0.005). In addition, genome-wide significant nonparametric results (P-values <0.005) were obtained for individual branches at 5p13.1-q12.3, 6p22.3, 8q13.3-21.13, and 10q22.3-23.32. Finally, 2p25.1-25.3, 2p13.3-14, 3p14.2, 6p22.3-24.1, 7p14.1-14.2, 8q12.2-12.3, 10q21.1-21.2, 14q13.1-21.1, 15q15.1-21.2, and 22q12.3-13.32 showed suggestive linkage in the complete family. Most of these potential susceptibility loci overlap with, or are close, to previous linkage findings. The locus on 5q may, however, represent a novel susceptibility locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marcheco-Teruel
- National Center of Medical Genetics, Reparto Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
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Herzberg I, Jasinska A, García J, Jawaheer D, Service S, Kremeyer B, Duque C, Parra MV, Vega J, Ortiz D, Carvajal L, Polanco G, Restrepo GJ, López C, Palacio C, Levinson M, Aldana I, Mathews C, Davanzo P, Molina J, Fournier E, Bejarano J, Ramírez M, Ortiz CA, Araya X, Sabatti C, Reus V, Macaya G, Bedoya G, Ospina J, Freimer N, Ruiz-Linares A. Convergent linkage evidence from two Latin-American population isolates supports the presence of a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder in 5q31-34. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:3146-53. [PMID: 16984960 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a whole genome microsatellite marker scan in six multiplex families with bipolar (BP) mood disorder ascertained in Antioquia, a historically isolated population from North West Colombia. These families were characterized clinically using the approach employed in independent ongoing studies of BP in the closely related population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The most consistent linkage results from parametric and non-parametric analyses of the Colombian scan involved markers on 5q31-33, a region implicated by the previous studies of BP in Costa Rica. Because of these concordant results, a follow-up study with additional markers was undertaken in an expanded set of Colombian and Costa Rican families; this provided a genome-wide significant evidence of linkage of BPI to a candidate region of approximately 10 cM in 5q31-33 (maximum non-parametric linkage score=4.395, P<0.00004). Interestingly, this region has been implicated in several previous genetic studies of schizophrenia and psychosis, including disease association with variants of the enthoprotin and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibi Herzberg
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK
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Etain B, Mathieu F, Rietschel M, Maier W, Albus M, McKeon P, Roche S, Kealey C, Blackwood D, Muir W, Bellivier F, Henry C, Dina C, Gallina S, Gurling H, Malafosse A, Preisig M, Ferrero F, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Ohlraun S, Borrmann-Hassenbach M, Propping P, Abou Jamra R, Schulze TG, Marusic A, Dernovsek ZM, Giros B, Bourgeron T, Lemainque A, Bacq D, Betard C, Charon C, Nöthen MM, Lathrop M, Leboyer M. Genome-wide scan for genes involved in bipolar affective disorder in 70 European families ascertained through a bipolar type I early-onset proband: supportive evidence for linkage at 3p14. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:685-94. [PMID: 16534504 PMCID: PMC1959341 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies suggested that age at onset (AAO) may help to define homogeneous bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) subtypes. This candidate symptom approach might be useful to identify vulnerability genes. Thus, the probability of detecting major disease-causing genes might be increased by focusing on families with early-onset BPAD type I probands. This study was conducted as part of the European Collaborative Study of Early Onset BPAD (France, Germany, Ireland, Scotland, Switzerland, England, Slovenia). We performed a genome-wide search with 384 microsatellite markers using non-parametric linkage analysis in 87 sib-pairs ascertained through an early-onset BPAD type I proband (AAO of 21 years or below). Non-parametric multipoint analysis suggested eight regions of linkage with P-values<0.01 (2p21, 2q14.3, 3p14, 5q33, 7q36, 10q23, 16q23 and 20p12). The 3p14 region showed the most significant linkage (genome-wide P-value estimated over 10 000 simulated replicates of 0.015 [0.01-0.02]). After genome-wide search analysis, we performed additional linkage analyses with increased marker density using markers in four regions suggestive for linkage and having an information contents lower than 75% (3p14, 10q23, 16q23 and 20p12). For these regions, the information content improved by about 10%. In chromosome 3, the non-parametric linkage score increased from 3.51 to 3.83. This study is the first to use early-onset bipolar type I probands in an attempt to increase sample homogeneity. These preliminary findings require confirmation in independent panels of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Etain
- INSERM U513, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.
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46
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Service S, Molina J, Deyoung J, Jawaheer D, Aldana I, Vu T, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Fournier E, Ramirez M, Mathews CA, Davanzo P, Macaya G, Sandkuijl L, Sabatti C, Reus V, Freimer N. Results of a SNP genome screen in a large Costa Rican pedigree segregating for severe bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:367-73. [PMID: 16652356 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have ascertained in the Central Valley of Costa Rica a new kindred (CR201) segregating for severe bipolar disorder (BP-I). The family was identified by tracing genealogical connections among eight persons initially independently ascertained for a genome wide association study of BP-I. For the genome screen in CR201, we trimmed the family down to 168 persons (82 of whom are genotyped), containing 25 individuals with a best-estimate diagnosis of BP-I. A total of 4,690 SNP markers were genotyped. Analysis of the data was hampered by the size and complexity of the pedigree, which prohibited using exact multipoint methods on the entire kindred. Two-point parametric linkage analysis, using a conservative model of transmission, produced a maximum LOD score of 2.78 on chromosome 6, and a total of 39 loci with LOD scores >1.0. Multipoint parametric and non-parametric linkage analysis was performed separately on four sections of CR201, and interesting (nominal P-value from either analysis <0.01), although not statistically significant, regions were highlighted on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 12, 16, 19, and 22, in at least one section of the pedigree, or when considering all sections together. The difficulties of analyzing genome wide SNP data for complex disorders in large, potentially informative, kindreds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1761, USA
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47
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Walss-Bass C, Escamilla MA, Raventos H, Montero AP, Armas R, Dassori A, Contreras S, Liu W, Medina R, Balderas TG, Levinson D, Pereira R, Pereira M, Atmella I, Nesmith L, Leach R, Almasy L. Evidence of genetic overlap of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: linkage disequilibrium analysis of chromosome 18 in the Costa Rican population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:54-60. [PMID: 16152570 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing concept that schizophrenia (SC) and bipolar disorder (BP) represent two distinct illnesses has been recently challenged by findings of overlap of genetic susceptibility loci for these two diseases. We report here the results of a linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of chromosome 18 utilizing subjects with SC from the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Evidence of association (P < 0.05) was obtained in three chromosomal regions: 18p11.31 (D18S63), 18q12.3 (D18S474), and 18q22.3-qter (D18S1161, D18S70), all of which overlap or are in close proximity with loci previously shown to be in LD with BP, type I in this population. Since both the SC and bipolar samples contained cases with a history of mania and almost all cases of SC and BP had a history of psychosis, we performed an alternative phenotyping strategy to determine whether presence or absence of mania, in the context of psychosis, would yield distinct linkage patterns along chromosome 18. To address this issue, a cohort of psychotic patients (including a range of DSMIV diagnoses) was divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of mania. Regions that showed association with SC showed segregation of association when the sample was stratified by history of mania. Our results are compared with previous genetic studies of susceptibility to SC or BP, in Costa Rica as well as in other populations. This study illustrates the importance of detailed phenotype analysis in the search for susceptibility genes influencing complex psychiatric disorders in isolated populations and suggests that subdivision of psychoses by presence or absence of past mania syndromes may be useful to define genetic subtypes of chronic psychotic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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48
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Faraone SV, Skol AD, Tsuang DW, Young KA, Haverstock SL, Prabhudesai S, Mena F, Menon AS, Leong L, Sautter F, Baldwin C, Bingham S, Weiss D, Collins J, Keith T, Vanden Eng JL, Boehnke M, Tsuang MT, Schellenberg GD. Genome scan of schizophrenia families in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample: evidence for linkage to 18p11.32 and for racial heterogeneity on chromosomes 6 and 14. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:91-100. [PMID: 16152571 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide linkage analyses of schizophrenia have identified several regions that may harbor schizophrenia susceptibility genes but, given the complex etiology of the disorder, it is unlikely that all susceptibility regions have been detected. We report results from a genome scan of 166 schizophrenia families collected through the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program. Our definition of affection status included schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, depressed type and we defined families as European American (EA) and African American (AA) based on the probands' and parents' races based on data collected by interviewing the probands. We also assessed evidence for racial heterogeneity in the regions most suggestive of linkage. The maximum LOD score across the genome was 2.96 for chromosome 18, at 0.5 cM in the combined race sample. Both racial groups showed LOD scores greater than 1.0 for chromosome 18. The empirical P-value associated with that LOD score is 0.04 assuming a single genome scan for the combined sample with race narrowly defined, and 0.06 for the combined sample allowing for broad and narrow definitions of race. The empirical P-value of observing a LOD score as large as 2.96 in the combined sample, and of at least 1.0 in each racial group, allowing for narrow and broad racial definitions, is 0.04. Evidence for the second and third largest linkage signals come solely from the AA sample on chromosomes 6 (LOD = 2.11 at 33.2 cM) and 14 (LOD = 2.13 at 51.0). The linkage evidence differed between the AA and EA samples (chromosome 6 P-value = 0.007 and chromosome 14 P-value = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Faraone
- Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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49
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Lohoff FW, Sander T, Ferraro TN, Dahl JP, Gallinat J, Berrettini WH. Confirmation of association between the Val66Met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and bipolar I disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:51-3. [PMID: 16152572 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is involved in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BPD). Two family-based association studies showed that the Val allele of the functional polymorphism Val66Met in the BDNF gene is associated with BPD; however, others could not confirm the results. Here we performed a replication study in an independent sample and tested the hypothesis that the Val66 allele in the BDNF gene confers susceptibility to bipolar I disorder (BPI). Six hundred twenty-one patients with BPI and 998 control subjects were genotyped for the Val66Met polymorphism. All cases and controls were of European descent. All BPI patients had a positive family history of affective disorder. The frequency of the Val allele was significantly increased in BPI patient when compared to controls (chi2 = 4.8; df = 1; P = 0.028; two-sided; OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.47). Results confirm previous findings and suggest that the Val allele increases risk for BPI in patients of European descent. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the involvement of the BDNF gene in the pathophysiology of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Lohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6140, USA.
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McQueen MB, Devlin B, Faraone SV, Nimgaonkar VL, Sklar P, Smoller JW, Abou Jamra R, Albus M, Bacanu SA, Baron M, Barrett TB, Berrettini W, Blacker D, Byerley W, Cichon S, Coryell W, Craddock N, Daly MJ, Depaulo JR, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Gill M, Gilliam TC, Hamshere M, Jones I, Jones L, Juo SH, Kelsoe JR, Lambert D, Lange C, Lerer B, Liu J, Maier W, Mackinnon JD, McInnis MG, McMahon FJ, Murphy DL, Nothen MM, Nurnberger JI, Pato CN, Pato MT, Potash JB, Propping P, Pulver AE, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Scheftner W, Schumacher J, Segurado R, Van Steen K, Xie W, Zandi PP, Laird NM. Combined analysis from eleven linkage studies of bipolar disorder provides strong evidence of susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6q and 8q. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77:582-95. [PMID: 16175504 PMCID: PMC1275607 DOI: 10.1086/491603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several independent studies and meta-analyses aimed at identifying genomic regions linked to bipolar disorder (BP) have failed to find clear and consistent evidence of linkage regions. Our hypothesis is that combining the original genotype data provides benefits of increased power and control over sources of heterogeneity that outweigh the difficulty and potential pitfalls of the implementation. We conducted a combined analysis using the original genotype data from 11 BP genomewide linkage scans comprising 5,179 individuals from 1,067 families. Heterogeneity among studies was minimized in our analyses by using uniform methods of analysis and a common, standardized marker map and was assessed using novel methods developed for meta-analysis of genome scans. To date, this collaboration is the largest and most comprehensive analysis of linkage samples involving a psychiatric disorder. We demonstrate that combining original genome-scan data is a powerful approach for the elucidation of linkage regions underlying complex disease. Our results establish genomewide significant linkage to BP on chromosomes 6q and 8q, which provides solid information to guide future gene-finding efforts that rely on fine-mapping and association approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B McQueen
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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