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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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2
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Li Z, Wu Y, Yates ME, Tasdemir N, Bahreini A, Chen J, Levine KM, Priedigkeit NM, Nasrazadani A, Ali S, Buluwela L, Arnesen S, Gertz J, Richer JK, Troness B, El-Ashry D, Zhang Q, Gerratana L, Zhang Y, Cristofanilli M, Montanez MA, Sundd P, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Fumagalli C, Guerini-Rocco E, Zhu L, Tseng GC, Wagle N, Carroll JS, Jank P, Denkert C, Karsten MM, Blohmer JU, Park BH, Lucas PC, Atkinson JM, Lee AV, Oesterreich S. Hotspot ESR1 Mutations Are Multimodal and Contextual Modulators of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1321-1339. [PMID: 35078818 PMCID: PMC8983597 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively active estrogen receptor α (ER/ESR1) mutations have been identified in approximately one-third of ER+ metastatic breast cancers. Although these mutations are known as mediators of endocrine resistance, their potential role in promoting metastatic disease has not yet been mechanistically addressed. In this study, we show the presence of ESR1 mutations exclusively in distant but not local recurrences in five independent breast cancer cohorts. In concordance with transcriptomic profiling of ESR1-mutant tumors, genome-edited ESR1 Y537S and D538G-mutant cell models exhibited a reprogrammed cell adhesive gene network via alterations in desmosome/gap junction genes and the TIMP3/MMP axis, which functionally conferred enhanced cell-cell contacts while decreasing cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In vivo studies showed ESR1-mutant cells were associated with larger multicellular circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters with increased compactness compared with ESR1 wild-type CTCs. These preclinical findings translated to clinical observations, where CTC clusters were enriched in patients with ESR1-mutated metastatic breast cancer. Conversely, context-dependent migratory phenotypes revealed cotargeting of Wnt and ER as a vulnerability in a D538G cell model. Mechanistically, mutant ESR1 exhibited noncanonical regulation of several metastatic pathways, including secondary transcriptional regulation and de novo FOXA1-driven chromatin remodeling. Collectively, these data provide evidence for ESR1 mutation-modulated metastasis and suggest future therapeutic strategies for targeting ESR1-mutant breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Context- and allele-dependent transcriptome and cistrome reprogramming in mutant ESR1 cell models elicit diverse metastatic phenotypes related to cell adhesion and migration, which can be pharmacologically targeted in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Megan E. Yates
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Amir Bahreini
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Kevin M. Levine
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Nolan M. Priedigkeit
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Azadeh Nasrazadani
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Spencer Arnesen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Troness
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, US
- Department of Medicine (DAME) University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Youbin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Maritza A. Montanez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Callen T. Wallace
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Caterina Fumagalli
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Jank
- Institut of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, UKGM - Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institut of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, UKGM - Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria M Karsten
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Univeristät zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Blohmer
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Univeristät zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ben H. Park
- Vanderbilt University Ingraham Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Atkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee Women’s Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
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3
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Schmitt T, Waschke J. Autoantibody-Specific Signalling in Pemphigus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:701809. [PMID: 34434944 PMCID: PMC8381052 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.701809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune disease impairing barrier functions of epidermis and mucosa. Autoantibodies primarily target the desmosomal adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3 and induce loss of desmosomal adhesion. Strikingly, autoantibody profiles in pemphigus correlate with clinical phenotypes. Mucosal-dominant pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterised by autoantibodies (PV-IgG) against Dsg3 whereas epidermal blistering in PV and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is associated with autoantibodies against Dsg1. Therapy in pemphigus is evolving towards specific suppression of autoantibody formation and autoantibody depletion. Nevertheless, during the acute phase and relapses of the disease additional treatment options to stabilise desmosomes and thereby rescue keratinocyte adhesion would be beneficial. Therefore, the mechanisms by which autoantibodies interfere with adhesion of desmosomes need to be characterised in detail. Besides direct inhibition of Dsg adhesion, autoantibodies engage signalling pathways interfering with different steps of desmosome turn-over. With this respect, recent data indicate that autoantibodies induce separate signalling responses in keratinocytes via specific signalling complexes organised by Dsg1 and Dsg3 which transfer the signal of autoantibody binding into the cell. This hypothesis may also explain the different clinical pemphigus phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I - Vegetative Anatomie, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I - Vegetative Anatomie, Munich, Germany
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4
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Liu YQ, Zou HY, Xie JJ, Fang WK. Paradoxical Roles of Desmosomal Components in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060914. [PMID: 34203070 PMCID: PMC8234459 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular adhesion complexes involved in various aspects of epithelial pathophysiology, including tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, and disease development. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of various desmosomal components correlates with tumor progression and poor survival. In addition, desmosomes have been shown to act as a signaling platform to regulate the proliferation, invasion, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis of cancer cells. The occurrence and progression of head and neck cancer (HNC) is accompanied by abnormal expression of desmosomal components and loss of desmosome structure. However, the role of desmosomal components in the progression of HNC remains controversial. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments showing the paradoxical roles of desmosomal components in tumor suppression and promotion. It offers valuable insights for HNC diagnosis and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
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5
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Felix A, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ, Ward MP, Beirne J, Sabol M, Ozretić P, Yordanov A, Vasileva-Slaveva M, Kostov S, Nikolova M, Said-Huntingford I, Ayers D, Ellul B, Pentimalli F, Giordano A, Calleja-Agius J. An Overview of the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Choriocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126506. [PMID: 34204445 PMCID: PMC8235025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma (CC), a subtype of trophoblastic disease, is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm. There are two main CC subtypes: gestational and non-gestational, (so called when it develops as a component of a germ cell tumor or is related to a somatic mutation of a poorly differentiated carcinoma), each with very diverse biological activity. A therapeutic approach is highly effective in patients with early-stage CC. The advanced stage of the disease also has a good prognosis with around 95% of patients cured following chemotherapy. However, advancements in diagnosis and treatment are always needed to improve outcomes for patients with CC. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Deregulation of their expression has a key role in tumor development, angiogenesis, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Furthermore, detection of cancer-associated lncRNAs in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine of cancer patients, is emerging as a novel method for cancer diagnosis. Although there is evidence for the potential role of lncRNAs in a number of cancers of the female genital tract, their role in CC is poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of lncRNAs in gestational CC and how this may be applied to future therapeutic strategies in the treatment of this rare cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Ana Felix
- Department of Pathology, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa, NOVA Medical School, UNL, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - James Beirne
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Trinity St James Cancer Institute, St James Hospital, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
| | | | - Stoyan Kostov
- Department of Gynecology, Medical University Varna “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Margarita Nikolova
- Saint Marina University Hospital—Pleven, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
| | - Ian Said-Huntingford
- Department of Histopathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, MSD 2090 Msida, Malta;
| | - Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (D.A.); (B.E.)
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Bridget Ellul
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (D.A.); (B.E.)
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
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Kutova OM, Sencha LM, Pospelov AD, Dobrynina OE, Brilkina AA, Cherkasova EI, Balalaeva IV. Comparative Analysis of Cell-Cell Contact Abundance in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Cultured in Two- and Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120446. [PMID: 33291824 PMCID: PMC7761996 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor resistance to therapy is a crucial problem of today’s oncology. The emerging data indicate that tumor microenvironment is the key participant in the resistance development. One of the most basic aspect of tumor microenvironment is intercellular adhesion. Our data obtained using monolayer culture, matrix-free and matrix-based three-dimensional in vitro models indicate that the abundance of cell-cell contact proteins is varying depending on the microenvironment. These differences coincided with the degree of the resistance to therapeutics. The importance of adhesion proteins in tumor resistance may provide the fundamental basis for improving cancer treatment approaches and must be taken into account when screening candidate drugs. Abstract Tumor resistance to therapy is associated with the 3D organization and peculiarities of the tumor microenvironment, of which intercellular adhesion is a key participant. In this work, the abundance of contact proteins was compared in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3.ip human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, cultivated in monolayers, tumor spheroids and collagen hydrogels. Three-dimensional models were characterized by extremely low expression of basic molecules of adherens junctions E-cadherin and demonstrated a simultaneous decrease in desmosomal protein desmoglein-2, gap junction protein connexin-43 and tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. The reduction in the level of contact proteins was most pronounced in collagen hydrogel, accompanied by significantly increased resistance to treatment with doxorubicin and targeted anticancer toxin DARPin-LoPE. Thus, we suggest that 3D models of ovarian cancer, especially matrix-based models, tend to recapitulate tumor microenvironment and treatment responsiveness to a greater extent than monolayer culture, so they can be used as a highly relevant platform for drug efficiency evaluation.
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Genetic Factors Involved in Cardiomyopathies and in Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061702. [PMID: 32498335 PMCID: PMC7356401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) manifests as left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure (HF). It is associated withparticular pharmacological agents and it is typically dose dependent, but significant individual variability has been observed. History of prior cardiac disease, abuse of toxics, cardiac overload conditions, age, and genetic predisposing factors modulate the degree of the cardiac reserve and the response to the injury. Genetic/familial cardiomyopathies (CMY) are increasingly recognized in general populations with an estimated prevalence of 1:250. Association between cardiac and oncologic diseases regarding genetics involves not only the toxicity process, but pathogenicity. Genetic variants in germinal cells that cause CMY (LMNA, RAS/MAPK) can increase susceptibility for certain types of cancer. The study of mutations found in cancer cells (somatic) has revealed the implication of genes commonly associated with the development of CMY. In particular, desmosomal mutations have been related to increased undifferentiation and invasiveness of cancer. In this article, the authors review the knowledge on the relevance of environmental and genetic background in CCM and give insights into the shared genetic role in the pathogenicity of the cancer process and development of CMY.
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8
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Ishii K, Yoshida K, Stanley JR, Yamagami J, Amagai M, Ishiko A. Pemphigus Vulgaris and Foliaceus IgG Autoantibodies Directly Block Heterophilic Transinteraction between Desmoglein and Desmocollin. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1919-1926.e7. [PMID: 32142800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 IgG autoantibodies in pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris cause blisters through loss of desmosomal adhesion. It is controversial whether blister formation is due to direct inhibition of Dsg, intracellular signaling events causing desmosome destabilization, or both. Recent studies show that heterophilic binding between Dsg and desmocollin (Dsc) is the fundamental adhesive unit of desmosomes. To eliminate cellular contributions to potential pathogenicity of pemphigus antibodies, bead assays coated with recombinant Dsg1, Dsc1, Dsg3, or Dsc3 ectodomains were developed. A mixture of Dsg beads and Dsc beads formed large aggregates, confirming that the heterophilic binding is dominant. The pathogenic anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 mAbs, which bind the transadhesive interface, blocked the aggregation of Dsg1/Dsc1 and Dsg3/Dsc3 beads, respectively, whereas nonpathogenic mAbs did not. All sera tested from eight patients with pemphigus foliaceus and eight patients with mucosal pemphigus vulgaris with active disease inhibited the adhesion of Dsg1/Dsc1 and Dsg3/Dsc3 beads, respectively. When paired sera obtained from seven patients with pemphigus foliaceus and six patients with pemphigus vulgaris in active disease and remission were compared, the former inhibited aggregation better than the latter. These findings strongly suggest that steric hindrance of heterophilic transinteraction between Dsg and Dsc is important for disease pathology in both pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John R Stanley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Yamagami
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiko
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Xie H, Xu H, Hou Y, Cai Y, Rong Z, Song W, Wang W, Li K. Integrative prognostic subtype discovery in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18659-18666. [PMID: 31347734 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify novel molecular subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) by the integration of gene expression and proteomics data and to find the underlying biological characteristics of ovarian cancer to improve the clinical outcome. METHODS The iCluster method was utilized to analysis 131 common HGSC samples between TCGA and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate the overall survival of patients, and the differences in survival curves were assessed using the log-rank test. RESULTS Two novel ovarian cancer subtypes with different overall survival (P = .00114) and different platinum status (P = .0061) were identified. Eighteen messenger RNAs and 38 proteins were selected as differential molecules between subtypes. Pathway analysis demonstrated arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathway played a critical role in the discrimination of these two subtypes and desmosomal cadherin DSG2, DSP, JUP, and PKP2 in this pathway were overexpression in subtype I compared with subtype II. CONCLUSION Our study extended the underlying prognosis-related biological characteristics of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Enrichment of desmosomal cadherin increased the risk for HGSC prognosis among platinum-sensitive patients, the results guided the revision of the treatment options for platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Rong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Sawant S, Dongre H, Ahire C, Sharma S, Jamghare S, Kansara Y, Rane P, Kanojia D, Patil A, Chaukar D, Gupta S, D'Cruz A, Vaidya M, Dongre P. Alterations in desmosomal adhesion at protein and ultrastructure levels during the sequential progressive grades of human oral tumorigenesis. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:251-262. [PMID: 29905981 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing early diagnostic/prognostic markers for oral cancer, desmosomal adhesion in sequentially progressive grades of tissues from oral normal/disorders (normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic, non-metastatic/metastatic tumours, and metastatic nodes) was investigated at protein and ultrastructural levels using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The expression of desmosomal proteins was higher in hyperplastic tissues than in normal tissues but was significantly decreased in subsequent progressive stages of the disease. Altered expression of desmosomal proteins was significantly correlated with local recurrence and disease-free survival. Ultrastructural analysis in the corresponding tissues revealed cytoplasmic clustering of desmosomes in hyperplasia; in more advanced disease stages, a significantly lower number of desmosomes and widened intercellular spaces were observed. Altered protein expression resulting in structural changes was confirmed by knocking down desmoplakin expression in non-transformed cells, which failed to form normal desmosome structures and induced a cell-transformation phenotype. Our data suggest that alterations in desmosomal assembly initiate at an early hyperplastic grade and, with more advanced disease stages, the severity of the alterations gradually becomes higher. Alterations in desmosomal adhesion can be useful for early detection of high-risk premalignant lesions, as well as for identification of invasive characteristics of primary non-metastatic tumours. Early detection will help to control further progression of disease by timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Sawant
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harsh Dongre
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayli Jamghare
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yashvi Kansara
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asawari Patil
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil D'Cruz
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar Dongre
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Zhou G, Yang L, Gray A, Srivastava AK, Li C, Zhang G, Cui T. The role of desmosomes in carcinogenesis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4059-4063. [PMID: 28860814 PMCID: PMC5565390 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s136367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes, which are intercellular adhesive complexes, are essential for the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis. They are located at the cell membrane, where they act as anchors for intermediate filaments. Downregulation of desmosome proteins in various cancers promotes tumor progression. However, the role of desmosomes in carcinogenesis is still being elucidated. Recent studies revealed that desmosome family members play a crucial role in tumor suppression or tumor promotion. This review focuses on studies that provide insights into the role of desmosomes in carcinogenesis and address their molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital of Binzhou, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Gongwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital of Binzhou, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center
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12
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Hosseini ES, Meryet-Figuiere M, Sabzalipoor H, Kashani HH, Nikzad H, Asemi Z. Dysregulated expression of long noncoding RNAs in gynecologic cancers. Mol Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28637507 PMCID: PMC5480155 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the female reproductive system include ovarian, uterine, vaginal, cervical and vulvar cancers, which are termed gynecologic cancer. The emergence of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are believed to play a crucial role in several different biological processes, has made the regulation of gene expression more complex. Although the function of lncRNAs is still rather elusive, their broad involvement in the initiation and progression of various cancers is clear. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of cancers of the female reproductive system. LncRNAs play a critical physiological role in apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, migration and cell proliferation in these cancers. Different expression profiles of lncRNAs have been observed in various types of tumors compared with normal tissues and between malignant and benign tumors. These differential expression patterns may lead to the promotion or suppression of cancer development and tumorigenesis. In the current review, we present the lncRNAs that show a differential expression between cancerous and normal tissues in ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers, and highlight the associations between lncRNAs and some of the molecular pathways involved in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Matthieu Meryet-Figuiere
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, ANTICIPE U1086 (Interdisciplinary Research for Cancers prevention and treatment, axis BioTICLA (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer), Caen, France. .,UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France.
| | - Hamed Sabzalipoor
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan, Iran
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13
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Hütz K, Zeiler J, Sachs L, Ormanns S, Spindler V. Loss of desmoglein 2 promotes tumorigenic behavior in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1884-1895. [PMID: 28277619 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to maintain cell-cell adhesion is crucial for tissue integrity and organization. Accordingly, loss of cohesiveness plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Desmosomes are cell junctions providing strong intercellular adhesive strength and dysregulation of desmosomal constituents contributes to cancer progression through altered cell signaling pathways. Here, we focused on the desmosomal adhesion molecules Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) and Desmocollin 2 (Dsc2), and their contribution to migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Silencing of Dsg2 but not Dsc2 resulted in loss of cell cohesion and enhanced migration, and invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. To identify potential pathways regulated by Dsg2, we performed kinase arrays and detected the activity of ERK and growth factor receptors to be significantly enhanced in Dsg2-deficient cells. Consequently, inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in Dsg2 knockdown cells normalized migration. Loss of Dsg2 resulted in reduced levels of the desmosomal adapter protein and transcriptional regulator Plakoglobin (PG) in an ERK-dependent manner, whereas other desmosomal molecules were not altered. Overexpression of PG rescued enhanced migration induced by silencing of Dsg2. These results identify a novel pro-migratory pathway of pancreatic cancer cells in which loss of Dsg2 reduces the levels of PG via deregulated MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hütz
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Zeiler
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Sachs
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Cirillo N, Hassona Y, Celentano A, Lim K, Manchella S, Parkinson E, Prime S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts regulate keratinocyte cell–cell adhesion via TGF-β-dependent pathways in genotype-specific oral cancer. Carcinogenesis 2016; 38:76-85. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Celentano A, Mignogna MD, McCullough M, Cirillo N. Pathophysiology of the Desmo-Adhesome. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:496-505. [PMID: 27505028 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of desmosomal diseases have provided a clear demonstration of the key role played by desmosomes in tissue and organ physiology, highlighting the importance of their dynamic and finely regulated structure. In this context, non-desmosomal regulatory molecules have acquired increasing relevance in the study of this organelle resulting in extending the desmosomal interactome, named the "desmo-adhesome." Spatiotemporal changes in the expression and regulation of the desmo-adhesome underlie a number of genetic, infectious, autoimmune, and malignant conditions. The aim of the present article was to examine the structural and functional relationship of the desmosome, by providing a comprehensive, yet focused overview of the constituents targeted in human disease. The inclusion of the novel regulatory network in the desmo-adhesome pathophysiology opens new avenues to a deeper understanding of desmosomal diseases, potentially unveiling pathogenic mechanisms waiting to be explored. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 496-505, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Celentano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Celentano A, Cirillo N. Desmosomes in disease: a guide for clinicians. Oral Dis 2016; 23:157-167. [PMID: 27329525 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The large number of diseases occurring when desmosome constituents are impaired provides striking evidence for the key role of desmosomes in maintaining tissue integrity. A detailed understanding of the molecular alterations causing desmosomal dysfunction has, in turn, underpinned the development of novel diagnostic tools. This has salient clinical implications for dentists and oral medicine practitioners because the majority of desmosomal diseases affect the oral cavity. In the present article, we review the autoimmune, infectious, genetic, and neoplastic diseases that target the desmosome, with particular emphasis on clinical manifestations, diagnostic pathways, and relevant laboratory investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - N Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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17
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Endometrial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26463-72. [PMID: 26556343 PMCID: PMC4661821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC), the second most common form of gynaecological malignancy, can be divided into two distinct sub-types: Type I tumours arise from hyperplastic endometrium and typically effect women around the time of menopause, whereas type II tumours arise in postmenopausal women from atrophic endometrium. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of non-protein coding molecules that have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of cancer including gynaecological tumours. Although they play critical physiological roles in cellular metabolism, their expression and function are deregulated in EC compared with paired normal tissue, indicating that they may also participate in tumour initiation and progression. For instance, the lncRNA MALAT-1 is down-regulated in EC samples compared to normal or hyperplastic endometrium, whereas the lncRNA OVAL is down-regulated in type II disease but up-regulated in type I disease. Other notatble lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, H19 and SRA become up-regulated with increasing EC tumour grade and other features associated with poor prognosis. In the current review, we will examine the growing body of evidence linking deregulated lncRNAs with specific biological functions of tumour cells in EC, we will highlight associations between lncRNAs and the molecular pathways implicated in EC tumourigenesis and we will identify critical knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed.
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18
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Kamekura R, Nava P, Feng M, Quiros M, Nishio H, Weber DA, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Inflammation-induced desmoglein-2 ectodomain shedding compromises the mucosal barrier. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26224314 PMCID: PMC4569309 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-03-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines promote desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) ectodomain shedding in intestinal epithelial cells. Epithelial exposure to Dsg2 ectodomains compromises intercellular adhesion while also promoting proliferation. These findings identify mechanisms by which mucosal inflammation–induced cleavage of Dsg2 influences intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Desmosomal cadherins mediate intercellular adhesion and control epithelial homeostasis. Recent studies show that proteinases play an important role in the pathobiology of cancer by targeting epithelial intercellular junction proteins such as cadherins. Here we describe the proinflammatory cytokine-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain–containing protein 10, which promote the shedding of desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) ectodomains in intestinal epithelial cells. Epithelial exposure to Dsg2 ectodomains compromises intercellular adhesion by promoting the relocalization of endogenous Dsg2 and E-cadherin from the plasma membrane while also promoting proliferation by activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/3 signaling. Cadherin ectodomains were detected in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of mice with colitis and patients with ulcerative colitis. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel response pathway in which inflammation-induced modification of columnar epithelial cell cadherins decreases intercellular adhesion while enhancing cellular proliferation, which may serve as a compensatory mechanism to promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Mingli Feng
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hikaru Nishio
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dominique A Weber
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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19
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Abstract
Desmosomes represent adhesive, spot-like intercellular junctions that in association with intermediate filaments mechanically link neighboring cells and stabilize tissue architecture. In addition to this structural function, desmosomes also act as signaling platforms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, deregulation of desmosomal proteins has to be considered to contribute to tumorigenesis. Proteolytic fragmentation and downregulation of desmosomal cadherins and plaque proteins by transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms were observed in different cancer entities suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. However, discrepant data in the literature indicate that context-dependent differences based on alternative intracellular, signal transduction lead to altered outcome. Here, modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by plakoglobin or desmoplakin and of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling appears to be of special relevance. This review summarizes current evidence on how desmosomal proteins participate in carcinogenesis, and depicts the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Huber
- a Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena , Germany.,b Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital , Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
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20
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Barber AG, Castillo-Martin M, Bonal DM, Jia AJ, Rybicki BA, Christiano AM, Cordon-Cardo C. PI3K/AKT pathway regulates E-cadherin and Desmoglein 2 in aggressive prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1258-71. [PMID: 26033689 PMCID: PMC4559037 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of both classical and desmosomal cadherins has been associated with different types of carcinomas, including prostate cancer. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of the role and regulation of cell-cell adhesion in prostate cancer aggressiveness by examining the functional implications of both E-cadherin and Desmoglein 2 (DSG2). E-cadherin expression was first examined using immunofluorescence in 50 normal prostate tissues and in a cohort of 414 prostate cancer patients. Correlation and survival analyses were performed to assess its clinical significance. In primary prostate cancer patients, reduced expression of both E-cadherin and DSG2 is significantly associated with an earlier biochemical recurrence. Transgenic DU145 E-cadherin knockdown and constitutively active AKT overexpression lines were generated. Functional implications of such genetic alterations were analyzed in vitro and in vivo, the latter by using tumorigenesis as well as extravasation and metastatic tumor formation assays. We observed that loss of E-cadherin leads to impaired primary and metastatic tumor formation in vivo, suggesting a tumor promoter role for E-cadherin in addition to its known role as a tumor suppressor. Activation of AKT leads to a significant reduction in E-cadherin expression and nuclear localization of Snail, suggesting a role for the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the transient repression of E-cadherin. This reduced expression may be regulated by separate mechanisms as neither the loss of E-cadherin nor activation of AKT significantly affected DSG2 expression. In conclusion, these findings illustrate the critical role of cell-cell adhesion in the progression to aggressive prostate cancer, through regulation by the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Barber
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Angela J Jia
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York City, New York
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21
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Saias L, Gomes A, Cazales M, Ducommun B, Lobjois V. Cell–Cell Adhesion and Cytoskeleton Tension Oppose Each Other in Regulating Tumor Cell Aggregation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2426-33. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Brown L, Wan H. Desmoglein 3: a help or a hindrance in cancer progression? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:266-86. [PMID: 25629808 PMCID: PMC4381258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 is one of seven desmosomal cadherins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in desmosomes. Desmosomes are the intercellular junctional complexes that anchor the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells and confer strong cell adhesion thus are essential in the maintenance of tissue architecture and structural integrity. Like adherens junctions, desmosomes function as tumour suppressors and are down regulated in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in tumour cell invasion and metastasis. However, recently several studies have shown that various desmosomal components, including desmoglein 3, are up-regulated in cancer with increased levels of expression correlating with the clinical stage of malignancy, implicating their potentiality to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that overexpression of desmoglein 3 in cancer cell lines activates several signal pathways that have an impact on cell morphology, adhesion and locomotion. These additional signalling roles of desmoglein 3 may not be associated to its adhesive function in desmosomes but rather function outside of the junctions, acting as a key regulator in the control of actin based cellular processes. This review will discuss recent advances which support the role of desmoglein 3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Hong Wan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
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23
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Riss D, Pammer J, Grasl MC, Kaider A, Schneider S, Erovic BM. No evidence for desmocollin 3 to serve as a prognostic marker in primary radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2014; 127:24-30. [PMID: 25301099 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-014-0618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of desmocollin 3 expression in radiation sensitivity and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. METHODS Tissue samples of 40 patients undergoing primary radiotherapy were stained for desmocollin 3, a transmembrane desmosomal protein. The protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess overall survival, radiation sensitivity, and disease-free interval. RESULTS 18 of 40 patients showed desmocollin 3 immunoreactivity. 78 % (14/18) showed radiation sensitivity in the desmocollin 3 positive group, whereas 59 % (13/22) underwent remission in the desmocollin 3 negative group (p = 0.2). The median overall and disease-free survival time was 21 and 26 months, respectively. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models revealed no statistically significant hazard ratios. CONCLUSION In this cohort of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, we found no evidence for a predictive potential of desmocollin 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Riss
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehriger Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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24
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Hassona Y, Cirillo N, Heesom K, Parkinson EK, Prime SS. Senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete active MMP-2 that promotes keratinocyte dis-cohesion and invasion. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1230-7. [PMID: 25117810 PMCID: PMC4453858 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from genetically unstable oral squamous cell carcinomas (GU-OSCC), unlike non-senescent CAFs from genetically stable carcinomas (GS-OSCC), promoted keratinocyte invasion in vitro in a paracrine manner. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Methods: Previous work to characterise the senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has used antibody arrays, technology that is limited by the availability of suitable antibodies. To extend this work in an unbiased manner, we used 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy for protein identification. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated by gelatin zymography and western blotting. Neutralising antibodies were used to block key molecules in the functional assays of keratinocyte adhesion and invasion. Results: Among a variety of proteins that were differentially expressed between CAFs from GU-OSCC and GS-OSCC, MMP-2 was a major constituent of senescent CAF-CM derived from GU-OSCC. The presence of active MMP-2 was confirmed by gelatine zymography. MMP-2 derived from senescent CAF-CM induced keratinocyte dis-cohesion and epithelial invasion into collagen gels in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Conclusions: Senescent CAFs from GU-OSCC promote a more aggressive oral cancer phenotype by production of active MMP-2, disruption of epithelial adhesion and induction of keratinocyte invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hassona
- 1] Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK [2] Department of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - N Cirillo
- 1] Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia [2] Centre for Innovation, Research, Education and Health (IRIS), Italy
| | - K Heesom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E K Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - S S Prime
- 1] Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK [2] Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
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Barber AG, Castillo-Martin M, Bonal DM, Rybicki BA, Christiano AM, Cordon-Cardo C. Characterization of desmoglein expression in the normal prostatic gland. Desmoglein 2 is an independent prognostic factor for aggressive prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98786. [PMID: 24896103 PMCID: PMC4045811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of desmogleins (DSGs), which are known to be crucial for establishing and maintaining the cell-cell adhesion required for tissue integrity, has been well characterized in the epidermis and hair follicle; however, their expression in other epithelial tissues such as prostate is poorly understood. Although downregulation of classical cadherins, such as E-cadherin, has been described in prostate cancer tissue samples, the expression of desmogleins has only been previously reported in prostate cancer cell lines. In this study we characterized desmoglein expression in normal prostate tissues, and further investigated whether Desmoglein 2 (DSG2) expression specifically can serve as a potential clinical prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with primary prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We utilized immunofluorescence to examine DSG2 expression in normal prostate (n = 50) and in a clinically well-characterized cohort of prostate cancer patients (n = 414). Correlation of DSG2 expression with clinico-pathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence was analyzed to assess its clinical significance. RESULTS These studies revealed that DSG2 and DSG4 were specifically expressed in prostatic luminal cells, whereas basal cells lack their expression. In contrast, DSG1 and DSG3 were not expressed in normal prostate epithelium. Further analyses of DSG2 expression in prostate cancer revealed that reduced levels of this biomarker were a significant independent marker of poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Here we report for the first time that a low DSG2 expression phenotype is a useful prognostic biomarker of tumor aggressiveness and may serve as an aid in identifying patients with clinically significant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Barber
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MCM); (CCC)
| | - Dennis M. Bonal
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Christiano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MCM); (CCC)
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Aberrant expression and altered cellular localization of desmosomal and hemidesmosomal proteins are associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:35-47. [PMID: 24849508 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of cell adhesion plays a central role in dedifferentiation, invasion, and metastasis of various cancers. The desmosome and hemidesmosome are anchoring junctions that control cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, respectively. To clarify their contributions in mediating the biological properties of oral cancer, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of desmoglein 1 (DSG1), DSG2, DSG3, desmocollin 2 (DSC2), integrin beta 4 (ITGB4), laminin gamma chain 2 (LAMC2), and collagen type 17 alpha 1 (COL17A1) in 51 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. On normal oral epithelial cells, DSG1, DSG3, DSC2, and COL17A1 were expressed on the plasma membrane, while ITGB4 and mature LAMC2 were present at the basement membrane. In cancer, the expression of DSG1, DSG3, DSC2, and COL17A1 decreased and internalized to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic expression of DSG2, ITGB4, and LAMC2 was induced in the cancer cells facing to the stroma. We scored immunohistochemical expression and correlated this to clinicopathological parameters including histologic differentiation, pattern of invasion, and presence of lymph node metastasis. Decrease of DSG3 and DSC2 expression correlated with a more aggressive cancer phenotype: less differentiated and more invasive histologic features and a higher incidence of nodal metastasis. Lower COL17A1 and higher LAMC2 expression were also associated with a more aggressive phenotype. The present study demonstrates that aberrant expression and altered cellular localization of desmosomal and hemidesmosomal proteins are associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of oral cancer. This reinforces the notion that disturbance of the keratin-associated anchoring junctions confers aggressive features to cancer cells.
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27
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Wang Q, Peng D, Zhu S, Chen Z, Hu T, Soutto M, Saad R, Zhang S, Ei-Rifai W. Regulation of Desmocollin3 Expression by Promoter Hypermethylation is Associated with Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinomas. J Cancer 2014; 5:457-64. [PMID: 24847386 PMCID: PMC4026999 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Desmocollin3 (DSC3) is a member of the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules and plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic mechanism that regulates DSC3 expression in esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs). METHODS: Expression of DSC3 was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The promoter DNA methylation level of DSC3 was examined using quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. RESULTS: The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significant down-regulation of the DSC3 mRNA levels in human EAC cell lines and tissue samples (P<.001). In addition, the EAC cell lines and tumor samples have aberrant promoter hypermethylation as compared to normal esophageal samples (P<.001). DSC3 promoter hypermethylation (>10% methylation level) was detected in 97.5% (39/40) of EAC samples whereas none of the normal tissue samples showed hypermethylation (P<.0001). There was a significant inverse correlation between promoter DNA methylation levels and mRNA expression folds for DSC3 (coefficient r=-0.685, P<.0001). Treatment of FLO-1 and SKGT4 EAC cells with 5-Aza-deoxytidine led to a significant reduction in the promoter DNA methylation levels with restoration of the DSC3 expression, suggesting that promoter DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating DSC3 expression. High DSC3 promoter DNA methylation levels were significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage (P<.001) and lymph node metastasis (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of DSC3 is a frequent finding in EAC that is possibly associated with advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Wang
- 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; ; 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - DunFa Peng
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ; 3. Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - TianLing Hu
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rama Saad
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ; 4. Department of Biology, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shutian Zhang
- 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Wael Ei-Rifai
- 2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ; 5. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Nitoiu D, Etheridge SL, Kelsell DP. Insights into Desmosome Biology from Inherited Human Skin Disease and Cardiocutaneous Syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:129-40. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2014.908854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kamekura R, Kolegraff KN, Nava P, Hilgarth RS, Feng M, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Loss of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation through EGFR signaling. Oncogene 2013; 33:4531-6. [PMID: 24166502 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomal cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues and have been known to be altered in cancer. We have previously shown that one of the two intestinal epithelial desmosomal cadherins, desmocollin-2 (Dsc2) loss promotes colonic epithelial carcinoma cell proliferation and tumor formation. In this study we show that loss of the other intestinal desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) that pairs with Dsc2, results in decreased epithelial cell proliferation and suppressed xenograft tumor growth in mice. Dsg2-deficient cells demonstrated a compensatory increase in Dsc2 expression, and small interfering RNA-mediated loss of Dsc2 restored proliferation in Dsg2-deficient cells. Dsg2 downregulation inhibited epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and cell proliferation through altered phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in parallel with inhibited EGFR receptor internalization. Additionally, we demonstrated a central role of Dsc2 in controlling EGFR signaling and cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells. Consistent with these findings, analyses of human colon cancers demonstrated increased Dsg2 protein expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate that partner desmosomal cadherins Dsg2 and Dsc2 play opposing roles in controlling colonic carcinoma cell proliferation through differential effects on EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K N Kolegraff
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Nava
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - R S Hilgarth
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Feng
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C A Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Passantino L, Muñoz AB, Costa M. Sodium metavanadate exhibits carcinogenic tendencies in vitro in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:1357-67. [PMID: 23963610 PMCID: PMC3982314 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pentavalent vanadium compounds induce intracellular changes in vitro that are consistent with those of other carcinogenic substances. While there is no clear evidence that vanadium compounds cause cancer in humans, vanadium pentoxide causes lung cancer in rodents after long-term inhalation exposures and in turn IARC has categorized it as a group 2B possible human carcinogen. The goal of this study was to investigate the carcinogenicity of NaVO3 in the human immortalized bronchial epithelial cell line, Beas-2B. Cells were treated with 10 μM NaVO3 for 5 weeks, with or without recovery time, followed by gene expression microarray analysis. In a separate experiment, cells were exposed to 1-10 μM NaVO3 for 4 weeks and then grown in soft agar to test for anchorage-independent growth. A dose-dependent increase in the number of colonies was observed. In scratch tests, NaVO3-transformed clones could repair a wound faster than controls. In a gene expression microarray analysis of soft agar clones there were 2010 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05) in NaVO3-transformed clones relative to control clones. DEG from this experiment were compared with the DEG of 5 week NaVO3 exposure with or without recovery, all with adjusted p-values < 0.05, and 469 genes were altered in the same direction for transformed clones, 5 week NaVO3-treated cells, and the recovered cells. The data from this study imply that chronic exposure to NaVO3 causes changes that are consistent with cellular transformation including anchorage-independent growth, enhanced migration ability, and gene expression changes that were likely epigenetically inherited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Passantino
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, New York, USA.
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31
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Wolf A, Rietscher K, Glaß M, Hüttelmaier S, Schutkowski M, Ihling C, Sinz A, Wingenfeld A, Mun A, Hatzfeld M. Insulin signaling via Akt2 switches plakophilin 1 function from stabilizing cell adhesion to promoting cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1832-44. [PMID: 23444369 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.118992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of adherens junction proteins is a frequent event in carcinogenesis. How desmosomal proteins contribute to tumor formation by regulating the balance between adhesion and proliferation is not well understood. The desmosomal protein plakophilin 1 can increase intercellular adhesion by recruiting desmosomal proteins to the plasma membrane or stimulate proliferation by enhancing translation rates. Here, we show that these dual functions of plakophilin 1 are regulated by growth factor signaling. Insulin stimulation induced the phosphorylation of plakophilin 1, which correlated with reduced intercellular adhesion and an increased activity of plakophilin 1 in the stimulation of translation. Phosphorylation was mediated by Akt2 at four motifs within the plakophilin 1 N-terminal domain. A plakophilin 1 phospho-mimetic mutant revealed reduced intercellular adhesion and accumulated in the cytoplasm, where it increased translation and proliferation rates and conferred the capacity of anchorage-independent growth. The cytoplasmic accumulation was mediated by the stabilization of phosphorylated plakophilin 1, which displayed a considerably increased half-life, whereas non-phosphorylated plakophilin 1 was more rapidly degraded. Our data indicate that upon activation of growth factor signaling, plakophilin 1 switches from a desmosome-associated growth-inhibiting to a cytoplasmic proliferation-promoting function. This supports the view that the deregulation of plakophilin 1, as observed in several tumors, directly contributes to hyperproliferation and carcinogenesis in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
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Hassona Y, Cirillo N, Lim KP, Herman A, Mellone M, Thomas GJ, Pitiyage GN, Parkinson E, Prime SS. Progression of genotype-specific oral cancer leads to senescence of cancer-associated fibroblasts and is mediated by oxidative stress and TGF-β. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1286-95. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Insights into the role of cell-cell junctions in physiology and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 306:187-221. [PMID: 24016526 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407694-5.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contacting cells establish different classes of intricate structures at the cell-cell junctions. These structures are of increasing research interest as they regulate a broad variety of processes in development and disease. Further, in vitro studies are revealing that various cell-cell interaction proteins are involved not only in cell-cell processes but also in many additional aspects of physiology, such as migration and apoptosis. This chapter reviews the basic classification of cell-cell junctional structures and some of their representative proteins. Their roles in development and disease are briefly outlined, followed by a section on contemporary methods for probing cell-cell interactions and some recent developments. This chapter concludes with a few suggestions for potential research directions to further develop this promising area of study.
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Basham KJ, Kieffer C, Shelton DN, Leonard CJ, Bhonde VR, Vankayalapati H, Milash B, Bearss DJ, Looper RE, Welm BE. Chemical genetic screen reveals a role for desmosomal adhesion in mammary branching morphogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:2261-70. [PMID: 23212921 PMCID: PMC3554898 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.411033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the process of branching morphogenesis, the mammary gland undergoes distinct phases of remodeling to form an elaborate ductal network that ultimately produces and delivers milk to newborn animals. These developmental events rely on tight regulation of critical cellular pathways, many of which are probably disrupted during initiation and progression of breast cancer. Transgenic mouse and in vitro organoid models previously identified growth factor signaling as a key regulator of mammary branching, but the functional downstream targets of these pathways remain unclear. Here, we used purified primary mammary epithelial cells stimulated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) to model mammary branching morphogenesis in vitro. We employed a forward chemical genetic approach to identify modulators of this process and describe a potent compound, 1023, that blocks FGF2-induced branching. In primary mammary epithelial cells, we used lentivirus-mediated knockdown of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to demonstrate that 1023 acts through AHR to block branching. Using 1023 as a tool, we identified desmosomal adhesion as a novel target of AHR signaling and show that desmosomes are critical for AHR agonists to block branching. Our findings support a functional role for desmosomes during mammary morphogenesis and also in blocking FGF-induced invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin J Basham
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular adhesive junctions that are particularly prominent in tissues experiencing mechanical stress, such as the heart and epidermis. Whereas the related adherens junction links actin to calcium-dependent adhesion molecules known as classical cadherins, desmosomes link intermediate filaments (IF) to the related subfamily of desmosomal cadherins. By tethering these stress-bearing cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane, desmosomes serve as integrators of the IF cytoskeleton throughout a tissue. Recent evidence suggests that IF attachment in turn strengthens desmosomal adhesion. This collaborative arrangement results in formation of a supracellular network, which is critical for imparting mechanical integrity to tissues. Diseases and animal models targeting desmosomal components highlight the importance of desmosomes in development and tissue integrity, while the downregulation of individual protein components in cancer metastasis and wound healing suggests their importance in cell homeostasis. This chapter will provide an update on desmosome composition, function, and regulation, and will also discuss recent work which raises the possibility that desmosome proteins do more than play a structural role in tissues where they reside.
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Bizikova P, Dean GA, Hashimoto T, Olivry T. Cloning and establishment of canine desmocollin-1 as a major autoantigen in canine pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shahi MH, Rey JA, Castresana JS. The sonic hedgehog-GLI1 signaling pathway in brain tumor development. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:1227-38. [PMID: 22992192 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.720975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is a regulatory network involved in development and cancer. Proteins like Ptch, SMO, and Gli are central to the Shh pathway. Other proteins like HHIP, SUFU, Bmi-1, Cyclin D2, Plakoglobin, PAX6, Nkx2.2, and SFRP1 are not so well understood in Shh regulation as Gli-1 downstream target genes. AREAS COVERED In this review we try to explain the Shh pathway components and their role in development and cancer, mainly of the brain. A summary of each of the proteins is presented together with an overview of their involvement in cancer. EXPERT OPINION Genetic alterations of the Shh pathway have been detected in cancer stem cells, a subgroup of tumor cells implicated in the origin and maintenance of tumors, being responsible for cancer recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Cancer stem cells constitute a novel target for biomedical researchers. Specifically, the Shh pathway is being explored as a new opportunity for targeted therapies against tumors. Therefore, a better knowledge of every of the regulators of the Shh pathway is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi H Shahi
- University of California, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, CA, USA
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Nekrasova OE, Amargo EV, Smith WO, Chen J, Kreitzer GE, Green KJ. Desmosomal cadherins utilize distinct kinesins for assembly into desmosomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 195:1185-203. [PMID: 22184201 PMCID: PMC3246898 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Desmogleins and desmocollins are transported to the plasma membrane by different kinesin motors, providing a potential mechanism to tailor desmosome structure and function during development and epithelial remodeling. The desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins (Dsgs) and desmocollins (Dscs), comprise the adhesive core of intercellular junctions known as desmosomes. Although these adhesion molecules are known to be critical for tissue integrity, mechanisms that coordinate their trafficking into intercellular junctions to regulate their proper ratio and distribution are unknown. We demonstrate that Dsg2 and Dsc2 both exhibit microtubule-dependent transport in epithelial cells but use distinct motors to traffic to the plasma membrane. Functional interference with kinesin-1 blocked Dsg2 transport, resulting in the assembly of Dsg2-deficient junctions with minimal impact on distribution of Dsc2 or desmosomal plaque components. In contrast, inhibiting kinesin-2 prevented Dsc2 movement and decreased its plasma membrane accumulation without affecting Dsg2 trafficking. Either kinesin-1 or -2 deficiency weakened intercellular adhesion, despite the maintenance of adherens junctions and other desmosome components at the plasma membrane. Differential regulation of desmosomal cadherin transport could provide a mechanism to tailor adhesion strength during tissue morphogenesis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana E Nekrasova
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Brooke MA, Nitoiu D, Kelsell DP. Cell-cell connectivity: desmosomes and disease. J Pathol 2011; 226:158-71. [PMID: 21989576 DOI: 10.1002/path.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell connectivity is an absolute requirement for the correct functioning of cells, tissues and entire organisms. At the level of the individual cell, direct cell-cell adherence and communication is mediated by the intercellular junction complexes: desmosomes, adherens, tight and gap junctions. A broad spectrum of inherited, infectious and auto-immune diseases can affect the proper function of intercellular junctions and result in either diseases affecting specific individual tissues or widespread syndromic conditions. A particularly diverse group of diseases result from direct or indirect disruption of desmosomes--a consequence of their importance in tissue integrity, their extensive distribution, complex structure, and the wide variety of functions their components accomplish. As a consequence, disruption of desmosomal assembly, structure or integrity disrupts not only their intercellular adhesive function but also their functions in cell communication and regulation, leading to such diverse pathologies as cardiomyopathy, epidermal and mucosal blistering, palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, keratosis, epidermolysis bullosa, ectodermal dysplasia and alopecia. Here, as well as describing the importance of the other intercellular junctions, we focus primarily on the desmosome, its structure and its role in disease. We will examine the various pathologies that result from impairment of desmosome function and thereby demonstrate the importance of desmosomes to tissues and to the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brooke
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Pathobiology and chemoprevention of bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2011:528353. [PMID: 21941546 PMCID: PMC3175393 DOI: 10.1155/2011/528353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathogenesis of bladder cancer has improved considerably over the past decade. Translating these novel pathobiological discoveries into therapies, prevention, or strategies to manage patients who are suspected to have or who have been diagnosed with bladder cancer is the ultimate goal. In particular, the chemoprevention of bladder cancer development is important, since urothelial cancer frequently recurs, even if the primary cancer is completely removed. The numerous alterations of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that have been implicated in bladder carcinogenesis represent novel targets for therapy and prevention. In addition, knowledge about these genetic alterations will help provide a better understanding of the biological significance of preneoplastic lesions of bladder cancer. Animal models for investigating bladder cancer development and prevention can also be developed based on these alterations. This paper summarizes the results of recent preclinical and clinical chemoprevention studies and discusses screening for bladder cancer.
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41
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Franke WW, Rickelt S. Mesenchymal-epithelial transitions: Spontaneous and cumulative syntheses of epithelial marker molecules and their assemblies to novel cell junctions connecting human hematopoietic tumor cells to carcinomatoid tissue structures. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2588-99. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Adherens junctions, which are intercellular adhesive complexes that are crucial for maintaining epithelial homeostasis, are downregulated in many cancers to promote tumour progression. However, the role of desmosomes - adhesion complexes that are related to adherens junctions - in carcinogenesis has remained elusive. Recent studies using mouse genetic approaches have uncovered a role for desmosomes in tumour suppression, demonstrating that desmosome downregulation occurs before that of adherens junctions to drive tumour development and early invasion, suggesting a two-step model of adhesion dysfunction in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Dusek
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Gosavi P, Kundu ST, Khapare N, Sehgal L, Karkhanis MS, Dalal SN. E-cadherin and plakoglobin recruit plakophilin3 to the cell border to initiate desmosome assembly. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1439-54. [PMID: 20859650 PMCID: PMC11114901 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A decrease in the levels of the desmosomal plaque protein, plakophilin3 (PKP3), leads to a decrease in desmosome size and cell-cell adhesion. To test the hypothesis that PKP3 is required for desmosome formation, the recruitment of desmosomal components to the cell surface was studied in the PKP3 knockdown clones. The PKP3 knockdown clones showed decreased cell border staining for multiple desmosomal proteins, when compared to vector controls, and did not form desmosomes in a calcium switch assay. Further analysis demonstrated that PKP3, plakoglobin (PG) and E-cadherin are present at the cell border at low concentrations of calcium. Loss of either PG or E-cadherin led to a decrease in the levels of PKP3 and other desmosomal proteins at the cell border. The results reported here are consistent with the model that PG and E-cadherin recruit PKP3 to the cell border to initiate desmosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Gosavi
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, 410210 India
| | - Samrat T. Kundu
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, 410210 India
| | - Nileema Khapare
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, 410210 India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, 410210 India
| | - Mansi S. Karkhanis
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, 410210 India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, 410210 India
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44
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Cui T, Chen Y, Yang L, Knösel T, Zöller K, Huber O, Petersen I. DSC3 expression is regulated by p53, and methylation of DSC3 DNA is a prognostic marker in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1013-9. [PMID: 21364582 PMCID: PMC3065270 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Desmocollin 3 (DSC3), a member of the cadherin superfamily and integral component of desmosomes, is involved in carcinogenesis. However, the role of DSC3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been established. Methods: Desmocollin 3 expression in CRC cell lines was analysed by RT–PCR and western blotting. Methylation status of DSC3 was examined by demethylation tests, methylation-specific PCR, and bisulphite sequencing (BS). The regulatory role of p53 was investigated by transfection. Results: Desmocollin 3 was downregulated in CRC cells at mRNA and protein levels. Desmocollin 3 expression was restored in five out of seven cell lines after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment. A heterogeneous methylation pattern was detected by BS in promoter region and exon 1 of DSC3. Methylation of DSC3 genomic sequences was found in 41% (41 out of 99) of primary CRC, being associated with poor prognosis (P=0.002). Transfection of p53 alone or in combination of DAC increased the DSC3 expression. Similarly, treatment with p53 inducer adriamycin alone or in combination with DAC enhanced DSC3 expression. Conclusions: DNA methylation contributes to downregulation of DSC3 in CRC cell lines. Methylation status of DSC3 DNA is a prognostic marker for CRC. P53 appears to have an important role in regulating DSC3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cui
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena 07743, Germany
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45
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Wells A, Chao YL, Grahovac J, Wu Q, Lauffenburger DA. Epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic switchings modulate cell motility in metastasis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:815-37. [PMID: 21196205 DOI: 10.2741/3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The most ominous stage of cancer progression is metastasis, or the dissemination of carcinoma cells from the primary site into distant organs. Metastases are often resistant to current extirpative therapies and even the newest biological agents cure only a small subset of patients. Therefore a greater understanding of tumor biology that integrates properties intrinsic to carcinomas with tissue environmental modulators of behavior is needed. In no aspect of tumor progression is this more evident than the acquisition of cell motility that is critical for both escape from the primary tumor and colonization. In this overview, we discuss how this behavior is modified by carcinoma cell phenotypic plasticity that is evidenced by reversible switching between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. The presence or absence of intercellular adhesions mediate these switches and dictate the receptivity towards signals from the extracellular milieu. These signals, which include soluble growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix embedded with matrikines and matricryptines will be discussed in depth. Finally, we will describe a new mode of discerning the balance between epithelioid and mesenchymal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh VAMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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46
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Nie Z, Merritt A, Rouhi-Parkouhi M, Tabernero L, Garrod D. Membrane-impermeable cross-linking provides evidence for homophilic, isoform-specific binding of desmosomal cadherins in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:2143-54. [PMID: 21098030 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.192245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes and adherens junctions are cadherin-based protein complexes responsible for cell-cell adhesion of epithelial cells. Type 1 cadherins of adherens junctions show specific homophilic adhesion that plays a major role in developmental tissue segregation. The desmosomal cadherins, desmocollin and desmoglein, occur as several different isoforms with overlapping expression in some tissues where different isoforms are located in the same desmosomes. Although adhesive binding of desmosomal cadherins has been investigated in a variety of ways, their interaction in desmosome-forming epithelial cells has not been studied. Here, using extracellular homobifunctional cross-linking, we provide evidence for homophilic and isoform-specific binding between the Dsc2, Dsc3, Dsg2, and Dsg3 isoforms in HaCaT keratinocytes and show that it represents trans interaction. Furthermore, the cross-linked adducts are present in the detergent-insoluble fraction, and electron microscopy shows that extracellular cross-linking probably occurs in desmosomes. We found no evidence for either heterophilic or cis interaction, but neither can be completely excluded by our data. Mutation of amino acid residues Trp-2 and Ala-80 that are important for trans interaction in classical cadherin adhesive binding abolished Dsc2 binding, indicating that these residues are also involved in desmosomal adhesion. These interactions of desmosomal cadherins may be of key importance for their ordered arrangement within desmosomes that we believe is essential for desmosomal adhesive strength and the maintenance of tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxiang Nie
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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47
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Simpson CL, Kojima SI, Cooper-Whitehair V, Getsios S, Green KJ. Plakoglobin rescues adhesive defects induced by ectodomain truncation of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1: implications for exfoliative toxin-mediated skin blistering. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2921-37. [PMID: 21075858 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) is a desmosomal cadherin that is essential to epidermal integrity. In the blistering diseases bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome, pathogenesis depends on cleavage of Dsg1 by a bacterial protease, exfoliative toxin A, which removes residues 1 to 381 of the Dsg1 ectodomain. However, the cellular responses to Dsg1 cleavage that precipitate keratinocyte separation to induce blister formation are unknown. Here, we show that ectodomain-deleted Dsg1 (Δ381-Dsg1) mimics the toxin-cleaved cadherin, disrupts desmosomes, and reduces the mechanical integrity of keratinocyte sheets. In addition, we demonstrate that truncated Dsg1 remains associated with its catenin partner, plakoglobin, and causes a reduction in the levels of endogenous desmosomal cadherins in a dose-dependent manner, leading us to hypothesize that plakoglobin sequestration by truncated Dsg1 destabilizes other cadherins. Accordingly, a triple-point mutant of the ectodomain-deleted cadherin, which is uncoupled from plakoglobin, does not impair adhesion, indicating that this interaction is essential to the pathogenic potential of truncated Dsg1. Moreover, we demonstrate that increasing plakoglobin levels rescues cadherin expression, desmosome organization, and functional adhesion in cells expressing Δ381-Dsg1 or treated with exfoliative toxin A. Finally, we report that histone deacetylase inhibition up-regulates desmosomal cadherins and prevents the loss of adhesion induced by Dsg1 truncation. These findings further our understanding of the mechanism of exfoliative toxin-induced pathology and suggest novel strategies to suppress blistering in bulbous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Simpson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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48
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Beaudry VG, Jiang D, Dusek RL, Park EJ, Knezevich S, Ridd K, Vogel H, Bastian BC, Attardi LD. Loss of the p53/p63 regulated desmosomal protein Perp promotes tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001168. [PMID: 20975948 PMCID: PMC2958815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cell–cell adhesion plays a critical role in epithelial cancer development. Studies of human and mouse cancers have indicated that loss of adhesion complexes known as adherens junctions contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. In contrast, little is known regarding the role of the related cell–cell adhesion junction, the desmosome, during cancer development. Studies analyzing expression of desmosome components during human cancer progression have yielded conflicting results, and therefore genetic studies using knockout mice to examine the functional consequence of desmosome inactivation for tumorigenesis are essential for elucidating the role of desmosomes in cancer development. Here, we investigate the consequences of desmosome loss for carcinogenesis by analyzing conditional knockout mice lacking Perp, a p53/p63 regulated gene that encodes an important component of desmosomes. Analysis of Perp-deficient mice in a UVB-induced squamous cell skin carcinoma model reveals that Perp ablation promotes both tumor initiation and progression. Tumor development is associated with inactivation of both of Perp's known functions, in apoptosis and cell–cell adhesion. Interestingly, Perp-deficient tumors exhibit widespread downregulation of desmosomal constituents while adherens junctions remain intact, suggesting that desmosome loss is a specific event important for tumorigenesis rather than a reflection of a general change in differentiation status. Similarly, human squamous cell carcinomas display loss of PERP expression with retention of adherens junctions components, indicating that this is a relevant stage of human cancer development. Using gene expression profiling, we show further that Perp loss induces a set of inflammation-related genes that could stimulate tumorigenesis. Together, these studies suggest that Perp-deficiency promotes cancer by enhancing cell survival, desmosome loss, and inflammation, and they highlight a fundamental role for Perp and desmosomes in tumor suppression. An understanding of the factors affecting cancer progression is important for ultimately improving the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer. Changes in tissue architecture, such as loss of adhesion between cells, have been shown to facilitate cancer development, especially metastasis where cells can detach from a tumor and spread throughout the body. While various studies have demonstrated that inactivation of an adhesion complex known as the adherens junction promotes cancer development and metastasis, little is known about the role of the desmosome—a related cell–cell adhesion complex—in tumorigenesis. Here we examine the consequence of desmosome-deficiency for tumor development by studying mice lacking a key component of desmosomes in the skin, a protein known as Perp. Using a mouse model for human skin cancer, in which ultraviolet light promotes skin cancer development, we demonstrate that Perp-deficiency indeed leads to accelerated skin tumorigenesis. We similarly observe that PERP is lost during human skin cancer development, suggesting that PERP is also important as a tumor suppressor in humans. These findings demonstrate that desmosome-deficiency achieved by Perp inactivation can promote cancer and suggest the potential utility of monitoring PERP status for staging, prognostication, or treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica G. Beaudry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dadi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Dusek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eunice J. Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stevan Knezevich
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Katie Ridd
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Boris C. Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Attardi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Mao X, Nagler AR, Farber SA, Choi EJ, Jackson LH, Leiferman KM, Ishii N, Hashimoto T, Amagai M, Zone JJ, Payne AS. Autoimmunity to desmocollin 3 in pemphigus vulgaris. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2724-30. [PMID: 20952584 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is a blistering disease associated with autoantibodies to the desmosomal adhesion protein, desmoglein 3. Genetic deficiency of desmoglein 3 in mice mimics autoimmunity to desmoglein 3 in pemphigus vulgaris, with mucosal-dominant blistering in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis. Mice with an epidermal-specific deletion of desmocollin 3, the other major desmosomal cadherin isoform expressed in the basal epidermis, develop suprabasal blisters in skin that are histologically identical to those observed in pemphigus vulgaris, suggesting that desmocollin 3 might be a target of autoantibodies in some pemphigus vulgaris patients. We now demonstrate that desmocollin 3 is an autoantigen in pemphigus vulgaris, illustrated in a patient with mucosal-dominant blistering. Six of 38 pemphigus vulgaris and one of 85 normal serum samples immunoprecipitate desmocollin 3 (P = 0.003). Incubation of patient IgG with human keratinocytes causes loss of intercellular adhesion, and adsorption with recombinant desmocollin 3 specifically prevents this pathogenic effect. Additionally, anti-desmocollin 3 sera cause loss of keratinocyte cell surface desmocollin 3, but not desmoglein 3 by immunofluorescence, indicating distinct cellular pathogenic effects in anti-desmocollin and anti-desmoglein pemphigus, despite their identical clinical presentations. These data demonstrate that desmocollin 3 is a pathogenic autoantigen in pemphigus vulgaris and suggest that pemphigus vulgaris is a histological reaction pattern that may result from autoimmunity to desmoglein 3, desmocollin 3, or both desmosomal cadherins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Mao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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50
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Fang WK, Gu W, Li EM, Wu ZY, Shen ZY, Shen JH, Wu JY, Pan F, Lv Z, Xu XE, Huang Q, Xu LY. Reduced membranous and ectopic cytoplasmic expression of DSC2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an independent prognostic factor. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1456-65. [PMID: 20621329 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Desmocollin 2, a desmosomal component, is a key membrane glycoprotein critically involved in cell-cell adhesion and the maintenance of normal tissue architectures in epithelia. Reports exploring the link of desmocollin expression to cancers are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of desmocollin 2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and, in particular, to determine the extent to which the patterns of desmocollin 2 expression correlated with the clinical parameters. Desmocollin 2 expression was evaluated in 308 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed to characterize the relative expression levels of desmocollin 2 isoforms. The results indicated that desmocollin 2 expression was reduced significantly in esophageal cancer in both protein and messenger RNA levels and that this reduction was associated with poor survival (P = .011). The expression of desmocollin 2 was prominent in normal esophageal epithelia and highly differentiated esophageal tumors, but was reduced or absent in poorly differentiated tumor specimens. Furthermore, in 74.7% of tumor tissues, desmocollin 2 immunoreactivity displayed an abnormal cytoplasmic localization that was correlated with poor tumor differentiation (P < .001), regional lymph node metastasis (P < .001), pathologic tumor-node-metastasis stages (P < .001), and poor prognosis (P = .048). Multivariate analysis showed that desmocollin 2 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These data suggest that desmocollin 2 is involved in the transformation and development of esophageal tumors and that desmocollin 2 expression level and intracellular localization may serve as a predictor for patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kai Fang
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
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