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Fuyao S, Tangwei Z, Yujun X, Chengcheng D, Deji C, Xiaojun Y, Xuelian W, Mduduzi PM, Ademola OO, Jianrong S, Changzhong M, Jianhong X, Ying L, Fei D. Characterization of Fusarium species causing head blight of highland barley (qingke) in Tibet, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110728. [PMID: 38696987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of the research on the characterization of Fusarium species focused on wheat, barley, rice, and maize in China. However, there has been limited research in highland barley (qingke). Recently, Fusarium head blight (FHB) of qingke was recently observed in Tibet, China, especially around the Brahmaputra River. To gain a better understanding of the pathogens involver, 201 Fusarium isolates were obtained from qingke samples in 2020. Among these isolates, the most abundant species was F. avenaceum (45.3 %), followed by F. equiseti (27.8 %), F. verticillioides (13.9 %), F. acuminatum (9.0 %), F. flocciferum (3.5 %), and F. proliferatum (0.5 %). The distribution of Fusarium species varied along the Brahmaputra River, with F. avenaceum being predominant in the midstream and downstream regions, while F. equiseti was more common in the upstream region. Chemical analyses of all the isolates revealed the production of different mycotoxins by various Fusarium species. It was found that enniatins were produced by F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and F. flocciferum, beauvericin (BEA) and fumonisins were produced F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and zearalenone (ZEN) and nivalenol (NIV) were produced by F. equiseti. Pathogenicity test showed that F. avenaceum was more aggressive in causing FHB compared to F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, and F. flocciferum. The disease severity, measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was significantly positively (P < 0.01) correlated with the concentration of total toxins produced by each species. Furthermore, all the Fusarium strains which were used for pathogenicity test were susceptible to carbendazim, and the 50 % effective concentration (EC50) ranged from 0.406 μg/mL to 0.673 μg/mL with an average EC50 of 0.551 ± 0.012 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Fuyao
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.; College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, PR China
| | - Zhang Tangwei
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - Xing Yujun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Dai Chengcheng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ciren Deji
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - Yang Xiaojun
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - Wu Xuelian
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - P Mokoena Mduduzi
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - O Olaniran Ademola
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shi Jianrong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ma Changzhong
- College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, PR China
| | - Xu Jianhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Li Ying
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China; College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, PR China.
| | - Dong Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China..
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Wang C, Hao D, Jiao W, Li J, Yuan J, Ma Y, Wang X, Xu A, Wang M, Wang Y. Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Root Rot of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024:PHYTO05230173R. [PMID: 38377011 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0173-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%), and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum, and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fludioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of root rot of S. baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Dainan Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenhui Jiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Ailing Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Meiqin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Shipman A, Tian M. Combined Use of Phenotype-Based and Genome-Informed Approaches Identified a Unique Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Isolate in Hawaii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024:PHYTO07230257R. [PMID: 38038692 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0257-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a serious disease that threatens banana production worldwide. It is a long-standing problem in Hawaii, but previously, there was little knowledge of the causal pathogen. We isolated a strain of Foc, named Foc-UH, from a field experiencing the disease epidemic in Hawaii. Infection assays of a diverse panel of 26 banana clones, including varieties used for differentiating pathogen races and fruit production, revealed that Foc-UH has a race 1 pathogenic phenotype with an intermediate race 2 virulence and revealed the differential resistance of varieties to infection. Separate phylogenetic analyses using the barcoding regions of three nuclear genes, seven complete nuclear genes, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms within conserved whole-genome protein coding sequences placed Foc-UH into recently proposed taxonomic frameworks relevant to Foc and the F. oxysporum species complex. Screening of the 99.7% complete draft genome identified five secreted in xylem (SIX) gene homologs: SIX1d, SIX1f, SIX9a, SIX9b, and SIX13a. This profile is similar to that of several race 1 isolates except for the absence of SIX4 and SIX6. Foc-UH was morphologically dissimilar to the nearest related isolates. Altogether, this study identified a unique isolate that causes banana Fusarium wilt, which represents the first characterization of the causal pathogen in Hawaii. The findings and genomic resources generated in this study are expected to guide banana breeding and cultivar deployment in Hawaii and beyond and contribute to further understanding of the pathogenicity and evolutionary systematics of Foc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shipman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
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Chen H, White JF, Malik K, Li C. Molecular assessment of oat head blight fungus, including a new genus and species in a family of Nectriaceae. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110715. [PMID: 38657420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Head blight (HB) of oat (Avena sativa) has caused significant production losses in oats growing areas of western China. A total of 314 isolates, associated with HB were collected from the major oat cultivating areas of Gansu, Qinghai, and Yunnan Provinces in western China. Based on morphological characters, the isolates were initially classified into three genera, as differentiation to species was a bit difficult. Taxonomic analysis of these isolates based on muti-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, TEF1, TUB2, and RPB2) revealed four known Fusarium species, F. proliferatum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, and F. sibiricum, and one Acremonium specie (A. sclerotigenum). In addition, a new genus Neonalanthamala gen. nov., similar to genus Nalanthamala was introduced herein with a new combination, Neonalanthamala graminearum sp. nov., to accommodate the HB fungus. The molecular clock analyses estimated the divergence time of the Neonalanthamala and Nalanthamala based on a dataset (ITS, TUB2, RPB2), and we recognized the mean stem ages of the two genera are 98.95 Mya, which showed that they evolved from the same ancestor. N. graminearum was the most prevalent throughout the surveyed provinces. Pathogenicity test was carried out by using two different methods: seed inoculation and head inoculation. Results showed that F. sibiricum isolates were the most aggressive on the seed and head. A. sclerotigenum isolates were not pathogenic to seeds, and were developed less symptoms to the head compared to other species. Data analyses showed that the correlation of the germination potential, germination index, and dry weight of seed inoculation and disease index of plant inoculation had a highly significant negative correlation (P < 0.001). These results showed that the development of HB might be predicted by seed tests for this species. A. sclerotigenum and N. graminearum causing HB are being firstly reported on oat in the world. Similarly, F. proliferatum, F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. sibiricum causing oat HB are firstly reported in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - James F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Yan XN, Zhang CL. Three new endophytic Apiospora species (Apiosporaceae, Amphisphaeriales) from China. MycoKeys 2024; 105:295-316. [PMID: 38855320 PMCID: PMC11161679 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.105.122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Apiospora species are widely distributed fungi with diverse lifestyles, primarily functioning as plant pathogens, as well as exhibiting saprophytic and endophytic behaviors. This study reports the discovery of three new species of Apiospora, namely A.gongcheniae, A.paragongcheniae, and A.neogongcheniae, isolated from healthy Poaceae plants in China. These novel species were identified through a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequence data revealed that the three new species formed a robustly supported clade with A.garethjonesii, A.neogarethjonesii, A.setostroma, A.subrosea, A.mytilomorpha, and A.neobambusae. Detailed descriptions of the newly discovered species are provided and compared with closely related species to enhance our understanding of the genus Apiospora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Yan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chu-Long Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Chu HH, Tsao WC, Huang JW, Linda Chang PF, Wang CL. Development of Specific Primers for Fusarium oxysporum Formae Speciales rapae and matthiolae with an Integrated Multiplex PCR for Distinguishing Four Formae Speciales on Brassicaceae. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS08231656RE. [PMID: 38128079 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1656-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
There are four formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum responsible for causing yellows of Brassicaceae. Because of crossbreeding among crops, the host ranges of these formae speciales often overlap, making pathogen identification a challenging task. Among these formae speciales, F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae and F. oxysporum f. sp. matthiolae still lack specific primers for pathogen identification. To address this problem, we targeted the secreted in xylem (SIX) genes, known as specific effectors of pathogenic F. oxysporum, for primer design. Through sequence comparison with other formae speciales, we successfully designed specific primers for F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae and F. oxysporum f. sp. matthiolae on SIX14 and SIX9, respectively. Both primer pairs exhibited high specificity in detecting F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae or F. oxysporum f. sp. matthiolae, distinguishing them from 20 nontarget formae speciales of F. oxysporum, five species of phytopathogenic Fusarium, and four other common pathogenic fungi affecting cruciferous plants. Moreover, the effectiveness of these specific primers was validated by detecting the pathogens in infected plants. To further enhance the identification process of the four formae speciales, we combined the two newly designed specific primer pairs with two previously published primer pairs, enabling the establishment of a multiplex PCR method that can accurately distinguish all four formae speciales of F. oxysporum responsible for causing yellows in cruciferous plants in a single reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hsi Chu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tsao
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Wen Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Fang Linda Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Master Program for Plant Medicine and Good Agricultural Practice, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Plant Health Care Master Degree Program, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Smart Sustainable New Agriculture Research Center (SMARTer), Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Petrović K, Orzali L, Krsmanović S, Valente MT, Tolimir M, Pavlov J, Riccioni L. Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of the Fusarium Species Complex on Soybean in Serbia. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS11232450RE. [PMID: 38311795 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2450-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Using morphological and cultural characteristics for identification, 36 Fusarium isolates were recovered from diseased roots, stems, and seeds of soybean from several localities throughout Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Based on molecular characterization, 12 Fusarium species were identified: F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. commune, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, and F. tricinctum. The elongation factor 1-α-based phylogeny grouped the isolates into 12 well-supported clades, but polymorphisms among sequences in some clades suggested the use of the species complex concept: (i) F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC)-F. incarnatum and F. equiseti; (ii) F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC)-F. oxysporum; (iii) F. solani species complex (FSSC)-F. solani; and (iv) F. acuminatum/F. avenaceum/F. tricinctum species complex (FAATSC)-F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and F. tricinctum. Pathogenicity tests showed that the most aggressive species causing soybean seed rot were F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, FIESC, and F. avenaceum. Furthermore, F. subglutinans, FSSC, and F. proliferatum showed a high percentage of pathogenicity on soybean seeds (80 to 100%), whereas variability in pathogenicity occurred within isolates of F. tricinctum. FOSC, F. commune, and F. acuminatum had the lowest pathogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the characterization of Fusarium species on soybean in Serbia. This study provides valuable information about the composition of Fusarium species and pathogenicity that will be used in further research on soybean resistance to Fusarium-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Petrović
- Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade 11185, Serbia
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21001, Serbia
| | - Laura Orzali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Valente
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Miodrag Tolimir
- Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade 11185, Serbia
| | - Jovan Pavlov
- Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade 11185, Serbia
| | - Luca Riccioni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 00156 Rome, Italy (deceased)
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Choi JN, Kim SS, Baek JS, Park JJ, Choi JH, Lee MJ, Jang JY, Kim JS, Lee T. Incidence of fungal contamination in fresh ginseng samples and mycotoxigenic potential of representative fungal isolates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38767320 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh ginseng is typically accompanied by soil after harvest, leading to contamination with harmful fungi during storage and distribution. In this study, we investigated the incidence of fungal contamination in fresh ginseng (5-6 years old) purchased from 22 different stores in Geumsan, Korea. RESULTS The incidence of fungal contamination in the samples was 67.4-111.5%. Fusarium solani was the most abundant species in the head (38.5%) and fine root (19.3%) parts of the ginseng samples, whereas F. oxysporum was the most abundant in the main root (22.0%) part. We isolated Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp. (total number of isolates: 395) from the ginseng samples, and 138 isolates were identified using phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reaction-based screening of 65 mycotoxin-producing species revealed that two P. expansum isolates were positive for citrinin and/or patulin, and five F. oxysporum isolates were positive for fumonisin biosynthesis gene. One P. expansum isolate produced 738.0 mg kg-1 patulin, and the other produced 10.4 mg kg-1 citrinin and 12.0 mg kg-1 patulin on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Among the 47 representative F. oxysporum isolates, 43 (91.5%) produced beauvericin (0.1-15.4 mg kg-1) and four of them (8.5%) produced enniatin B and enniatin B1 (0.1-1.8 mg kg-1) as well. However, none of these toxins was detected in fresh ginseng samples. CONCLUSION Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were the most abundant species in fresh ginseng samples. Most F. oxysporum (43) and P. expansum (2) strains isolated from fresh ginseng produced beauvericin and enniatins (B and B1), and patulin or citrinin, respectively, on PDA medium. This is the first report of the mycotoxigenic potential of P. expansum and F. oxysporum strains isolated from fresh ginseng. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Nam Choi
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Soo Kim
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Baek
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Choi
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yeong Jang
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom Soon Kim
- Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Correa-Delgado R, Brito-López P, Jaizme Vega MC, Laich F. Biodiversity of Trichoderma species of healthy and Fusarium wilt-infected banana rhizosphere soils in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376602. [PMID: 38800760 PMCID: PMC11122028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) is the most important crop in the Canary Islands (38.9% of the total cultivated area). The main pathogen affecting this crop is the soil fungal Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense subtropical race 4 (Foc-STR4), for which there is no effective control method under field conditions. Therefore, the use of native biological control agents may be an effective and sustainable alternative. This study aims to: (i) investigate the diversity and distribution of Trichoderma species in the rhizosphere of different banana agroecosystems affected by Foc-STR4 in Tenerife (the island with the greatest bioclimatic diversity and cultivated area), (ii) develop and preserve a culture collection of native Trichoderma species, and (iii) evaluate the influence of soil chemical properties on the Trichoderma community. A total of 131 Trichoderma isolates were obtained from 84 soil samples collected from 14 farms located in different agroecosystems on the northern (cooler and wetter) and southern (warmer and drier) slopes of Tenerife. Ten Trichoderma species, including T. afroharzianum, T. asperellum, T. atrobrunneum, T. gamsii, T. guizhouense, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. hirsutum, T. longibrachiatum, and T. virens, and two putative novel species, named T. aff. harzianum and T. aff. hortense, were identified based on the tef1-α sequences. Trichoderma virens (35.89% relative abundance) and T. aff. harzianum (27.48%) were the most abundant and dominant species on both slopes, while other species were observed only on one slope (north or south). Biodiversity indices (Margalef, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou) showed that species diversity and evenness were highest in the healthy soils of the northern slope. The Spearman analysis showed significant correlations between Trichoderma species and soil chemistry parameters (mainly with phosphorus and soil pH). To the best of our knowledge, six species are reported for the first time in the Canary Islands (T. afroharzianum, T. asperellum, T. atrobrunneum, T. guizhouense, T. hamatum, T. hirsutum) and in the rhizosphere of banana soils (T. afroharzianum, T. atrobrunneum, T. gamsii, T. guizhouense, T. hirsutum, T. virens). This study provides essential information on the diversity/distribution of native Trichoderma species for the benefit of future applications in the control of Foc-STR4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federico Laich
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valle de Guerra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Vetrova S, Alyokhina K, Engalycheva I, Kozar E, Mukhina K, Sletova M, Krivenkov L, Tikhonova T, Kameneva A, Frolova S, Chizhik V, Martynov V. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Basal Rot in the Moscow Region of Russian Federation. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:331. [PMID: 38786686 PMCID: PMC11121879 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium basal rot of onions causes large losses during storage of commercial production of onion bulbs, which in turn adversely affects the food market situation in the off-season period. There are no data on the composition of Fusarium spp., which causes onion basal rot in the Russian Federation. Therefore, our research was aimed at Fusarium spp. causing onion basal rot in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation and studying the pathogenicity of these species for the host plant. We studied 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from affected mature bulbs and seed bulbs. Species identification of the isolates was carried out using analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the three genetic loci ITS, tef1 and rpb2, as well as was based on the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of these isolates. As a result, the species F. annulatum (F. fujikuroi species complex), F. oxysporum (F. oxysporum species complex), F. acuminatum (F. tricinctum species complex) and F. solani (F. solani species complex) were identified to involve in the pathogenesis of Fusarium basal rot. We have shown for the first time that the species F. annulatum and F. acuminatum are highly aggressive and capable of causing onion basal rot. The predominant species were F. annulatum and F. oxysporum. The proportion of these species in the total number of analyzed isolates was 60% and 25%, respectively. The largest proportion (33%) of highly aggressive on mature bulbs isolates was found in the species F. annulatum. The data obtained provide practical insights for developing strategies to manage Fusarium fungi responsible for onion basal rot Moscow Region of the Russian Federation. In addition, data about species composition and aggressive isolates may be used in onion breeding for resistance to Fusarium basal rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vetrova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Ksenia Alyokhina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Irina Engalycheva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Elena Kozar
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Kseniya Mukhina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Sletova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Leonid Krivenkov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Tatyana Tikhonova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Alina Kameneva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Svetlana Frolova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Vera Chizhik
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.); (I.E.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (T.T.); (A.K.); (S.F.); (V.C.)
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Viktor Martynov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
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11
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Ioos R, Mannai S, Jeandel C, Benfradj N, Vicent A, Boughalleb-M'hamdi N, Aguayo J. Mating type and microsatellite genotyping indicate that the Tunisian population of Phyllosticta citricarpa is clonal and thrives only asexually. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1806-1813. [PMID: 38796265 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa was reported for the first time in Tunisia in 2019. This was also the first reported occurrence of the disease in a Mediterranean climate. In Tunisia, CBS is mainly found in lemon (Citrus limon) orchards, and is seldom observed on sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis). This recent finding in North Africa raises questions about how the disease has been able to spread under Mediterranean climatic conditions. In this work, 216 Phyllosticta strains collected from lemon orchards in 2021, 2022 and 2023 throughout the country's main citrus-growing provinces were characterised by species morphological and molecular identification, mating type and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) microsatellite genotyping (MLG). P. citricarpa was the only species found to be associated with CBS in Tunisia. Although P. citricarpa is a heterothallic fungal species, potentially able to reproduce both sexually and asexually, a single mating type (MAT 1-1-1) idiomorph was found in the population. In addition, three MLGs were observed, across ten microsatellite loci, one of which was massively represented (93 %), indicating a clonal population. The clonality observed suggests a single recent introduction of the pathogen into the country. These findings support the idea that in Tunisia, P. citricarpa only reproduces asexually by pycniospores, with a relatively limited dispersal potential. This is consistent with the absence of pseudothecia on the leaf litter. These results show that CBS is able to thrive under Mediterranean conditions, even in the absence of sexual reproduction. This should be taken into consideration for CBS risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Ioos
- ANSES Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, USC INRAE 1480, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220, Malzéville, France.
| | - Sabrine Mannai
- Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, LR21AGR05, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Céline Jeandel
- ANSES Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, USC INRAE 1480, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Najwa Benfradj
- Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, LR21AGR05, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Vicent
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Ctra. CV-315, Km 10.7 - 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Naima Boughalleb-M'hamdi
- Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, LR21AGR05, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- ANSES Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, USC INRAE 1480, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220, Malzéville, France
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12
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Liu J, Deng S, Chang W, Yu D, Wang H. Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for the Detection of Tomato Wilt Caused by Coinfection of Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Ralstonia solanacearum Based on Comparative Genomics. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1128-1138. [PMID: 37953228 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0962-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is consumed worldwide as fresh or processed food products. However, soilborne diseases of tomato plants caused by coinfection of various pathogens result in great economic losses to the tomato industry. It is difficult to accurately identify and diagnose soilborne diseases of tomato plants caused by pathogen complexes. In this study, we investigated field diseases of tomato plants by pathogen isolation and molecular identification and found that tomato wilt was caused by coinfection of Fusarium brachygibbosum, F. oxysporum, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Therefore, developing a method for simultaneous detection of DNA from F. brachygibbosum, F. oxysporum, and R. solanacearum is of great importance to efficiently and accurately monitor disease development at different growth stages of tomato plants. In this study, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of F. brachygibbosum, F. oxysporum, and R. solanacearum and determined the primer sets for simultaneous detection of DNA from these target pathogens. Then, we tested the reagent and condition parameters of multiplex PCR, including primers, dNTP and Mg2+ concentrations, and annealing temperatures, to determine the optimal parameters of a multiplex PCR system. We evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, and stability of the multiplex PCR system based on the optimized reaction conditions. The multiplex PCR system can specifically identify 13 target pathogens from 57 different fungal and bacterial pathogens, at the lower detection limit of the three target pathogens at concentrations of 100 pg/μl. In addition, we can accurately identify the three pathogens in tomato plants using the optimized multiplex PCR method. These results demonstrated that the multiplex PCR method developed in this study can simultaneously detect DNA from F. brachygibbosum, F. oxysporum, and R. solanacearum in a single PCR system to accurately identify and diagnose the pathogen causing tomato wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Siyi Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Dazhao Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan 430064, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, China
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13
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Aviles-Noriega A, Serrato-Diaz LM, Giraldo-Zapata MC, Cuevas HE, Rivera-Vargas LI. The Sigatoka Disease Complex Caused by Pseudocercospora spp. and Other Fungal Pathogens Associated with Musa spp. in Puerto Rico. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1320-1330. [PMID: 37966473 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0433-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the world's most economically important staple food crops. The most important fungal leaf diseases of Musa spp. worldwide are caused by the Sigatoka disease complex, which comprises black Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis), yellow Sigatoka (P. musae), and Eumusae leaf spot (P. eumusae). Considering the rapid spreading rate of black Sigatoka in Puerto Rico since its first observation in 2004, a disease survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the Sigatoka disease complex on the island. Sixty-one leaf samples showing Sigatoka-like symptoms were collected throughout the island for diagnosis by molecular approaches and fungal isolation. Molecular analysis using species-specific primers for P. fijiensis, P. musae, and P. eumusae detected the presence of P. fijiensis in 50 leaf samples. Thirty-eight fungal isolates were collected and identified by morphology and genomic sequencing from various nuclear genes. The analysis identified 24 isolates as P. fijiensis, while the rest of the isolates belonged to the genus Cladosporium spp. and Cladosporium-like spp. (n = 5), Neocordana musae (n = 2), Zasmidium spp. (n = 6), and Z. musigenum (n = 1). The high frequency of P. fijiensis found in leaf samples and collected isolates suggests that black Sigatoka has displaced the yellow Sigatoka (P. musae) in Puerto Rico. Accurate identification of fungal species causing foliar diseases in Musa spp. will allow the establishment of quarantine regulations and specific management approaches in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Aviles-Noriega
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Luz M Serrato-Diaz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayagüez, PR 00680
| | - Martha C Giraldo-Zapata
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Hugo E Cuevas
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayagüez, PR 00680
| | - Lydia I Rivera-Vargas
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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14
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Martínez-de la Parte E, Pérez-Vicente L, Torres DE, van Westerhoven A, Meijer HJG, Seidl MF, Kema GHJ. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16636. [PMID: 38783572 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Martínez-de la Parte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Ministry of Agriculture, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Pérez-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Ministry of Agriculture, Havana, Cuba
| | - David E Torres
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van Westerhoven
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J G Meijer
- BU Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert H J Kema
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Ghimire B, Bahri BA, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Mergoum M, Buck JW. Genetic Diversity, Mycotoxin Profiles, and Population Structure of Fusarium spp . Associated with Fusarium Head Blight in Georgia, United States. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1211-1222. [PMID: 37883636 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1639-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has become a limiting factor in soft red winter wheat production in the southeast United States. Recent epidemics have occurred in Georgia, but genetic information on the Fusarium species responsible for FHB is unknown. This study aimed to assess pathogen population structure and genetic diversity, trichothecene profiles, and representative pathogenicity of 196 Fusarium isolates collected from 44 wheat (n = 85) and 53 corn (n = 111) fields in Georgia. Phylogenetic analysis using the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (635 bp) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (930 bp) sequence data resolved isolates into 185 haplotypes, which represented 12 Fusarium species grouped under five species complexes. F. graminearum with 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype (75.6%) and F. incarnatum (57.7%) predominated in wheat and corn, respectively, with a surprisingly higher frequency of nivalenol (NIV) F. graminearum (21.8%). Using nine variable numbers of tandem repeat markers, 82 multilocus genotypes out of 86 F. graminearum isolates were identified and grouped into two genetic clusters, pop1fg (n = 29) and pop2fg (n = 32), as part of the North American populations (NA1 and NA2) but with no chemotype differentiation. F. graminearum populations in Georgia are mostly clonal and might have evolved through at least two introductions from the northeast United States and Canada and local adaptation to maintain high genetic diversity. Pathogenicity of F. graminearum isolates from wheat and corn had high FHB severity (>60%) in wheat, which depicted the risk they can pose towards future FHB outbreaks. Overall, this baseline study provided important information on Fusarium species diversity including F. graminearum associated with FHB in Georgia that will be useful to formulate integrated disease management incorporating improved host resistance and fungicide spray programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
| | - Bochra A Bahri
- Department of Plant Pathology, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
| | | | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
| | - James W Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, Griffin Campus, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA
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16
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El Ghalid M, Chiarelli A, Brisse S, Betsou F, Garcia-Hermoso D. Stability and Qualification of a Legacy Fungal Collection. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38686572 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial culture collections are valuable repositories for qualified and diverse microorganisms, playing a pivotal role in research, education, innovation, as well as in our response to current and emerging public health and societal challenges. However, such precious holdings, when not integrated in professional biobank infrastructures, may be vulnerable to major risks such as staff retirement, changes in the institutional strategy, or natural disasters. The process of preserving and rescuing "historical" collections can be long and treacherous with a loss of a part of the collection. At the Biological Resource Center of Institut Pasteur, we undertook the challenge of rescuing the dormant legacy fungal collection. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 freeze-dried strains, including yeasts and filamentous fungi, were characterized by using a polyphasic approach combining morphological features and molecular data. We assessed the viability, purity, and authenticity of selected strains isolated from multiple sources and stored for more than 20 years. Results: Our preliminary results show long-term stability of the selected strains and successful qualification in terms of purity and authentication. Moreover, based on the most recent taxonomic revisions, we updated and revised the nomenclature, where applicable. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the potential value of reviving historical microbial collections for biobanking and research activities and reassure us about the collection's future reopening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennat El Ghalid
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Adriana Chiarelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Fay Betsou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology research group, Mycology Department, Paris, France
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17
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Harish J, Venkateshbabu G, Prasannakumar MK, Devanna P, Mahesh HB, Balasundara DC, Swamy SD, Kunjeti SG, Manjunatha C, Puneeth ME, Lohithaswa HC, Jambhulkar PP. Stalk rot species diversity and molecular phylogeny associated with diseased maize in India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:185. [PMID: 38683236 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Stalk rot disease is a major constraint in maize production and till date reported to be caused by two to three species of phytopathogenic fungi but, in our present study, we disclose the first report of stalk rot is caused by complex species of phytopathogens, which belongs to five different genera. Therefore, to substantiate these findings, a total of 105 diseased samples of maize were collected from 21 different locations in six different geographical locations of India from which 48 isolates were used for the research study. Morphological features such as pigmentation, colony color, type of mycelium and pattern of mycelium was examined using macro and microscopic methods. A total of 11 different spp. of pathogens belonging to the five different genera: Fusarium verticillioides (56.25%), F. equiseti (14.5%), F. andiyazi (6.25%), F. solani (2.08%), F. proliferatum (2.08%), F. incarnatum (2.08%), Lasidioplodia theobrame (6.25%), Exserohilum rostrtum (4.16%), Nigrospora spp. (4.16%). and Schizophyllum commune (2.08%) were identified by different housekeeping genes (ITS, TEF-1α, RPB2 and Actin). Fusarium verticillioides, F. equiseti and F. andiyazi were major pathogens involved in stalk rot. This is the first report on F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. incarnatum, Lasidioplodia theobrame, Exserohilum rostrtum, Nigrospora spp. and Schizophyllum commune causing stalk rot of maize and their distribution in the different states of India. Studies on population dynamics of PFSR will enhance the understanding of pathogen behavior, virulence, or its association with different pathogens across India, which will facilitate the development of resistant maize genotypes against the PFSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harish
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Gopal Venkateshbabu
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - M K Prasannakumar
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
| | - Pramesh Devanna
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584104, India
| | - H B Mahesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - D C Balasundara
- Corteva Agriscience India Private Limited, Kallinaikanahalli, Thondebhavi Post Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka, 561213, India
| | - S Dharanendra Swamy
- Monsanto India Ltd. (A Subsidiary of Bayer AG), Kallinayakanahalli, Thondebhavi Post, Chikkaballapura, Karnataka, 561213, India
| | - Sridhara G Kunjeti
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - C Manjunatha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - M E Puneeth
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - H C Lohithaswa
- AICRP on Pigeonpea, ZARS, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Prashant P Jambhulkar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Wu L, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE, Fredua-Agyeman R, Oh SH, Bélanger RR, Wally O, Kim YM. Pathogenicity, Host Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Fusarium Species under Controlled Conditions from Soybean in Canada. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:303. [PMID: 38786658 PMCID: PMC11122035 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are commonly associated with the root rot complex of soybean (Glycine max). Previous surveys identified six common Fusarium species from Manitoba, including F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. graminearum, F. solani, F. avenaceum, and F. acuminatum. This study aimed to determine their pathogenicity, assess host resistance, and evaluate the genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. isolated from Canada. The pathogenicity of these species was tested on two soybean cultivars, 'Akras' (moderately resistant) and 'B150Y1' (susceptible), under greenhouse conditions. The aggressiveness of the fungal isolates varied, with root rot severities ranging from 1.5 to 3.3 on a 0-4 scale. Subsequently, the six species were used to screen a panel of 20 Canadian soybean cultivars for resistance in a greenhouse. Cluster and principal component analyses were conducted based on the same traits used in the pathogenicity study. Two cultivars, 'P15T46R2' and 'B150Y1', were consistently found to be tolerant to F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. graminearum, and F. solani. To investigate the incidence and prevalence of Fusarium spp. in Canada, fungi were isolated from 106 soybean fields surveyed across Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec. Eighty-three Fusarium isolates were evaluated based on morphology and with multiple PCR primers, and phylogenetic analyses indicated their diversity across the major soybean production regions of Canada. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into host resistance and the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. in Canadian soybean fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Sang-Heon Oh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Owen Wally
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada;
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB R7C 5Y3, Canada
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19
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Senwanna C, Hongsanan S, Khuna S, Kumla J, Yarasheva M, Gafforov Y, Abdurazakov A, Suwannarach N. Insights into the molecular phylogeny and morphology of three novel Dothiora species, along with a worldwide checklist of Dothiora. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367673. [PMID: 38707512 PMCID: PMC11067756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Most species of Dothiora are known from the dead parts of various host plants as saprobic fungi in terrestrial habitats occurring in tropical and temperate regions. In the present study, samples of Dothiora were collected from dead twigs and branches of Capparis spinosa, Rhaponticum repens, and an unknown angiosperm plant from the Tashkent and Jizzakh regions of Uzbekistan. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on a combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF1, and TUB2 sequence data revealed their taxonomic positions within the Dothideaceae. Three new species of Dothiora, namely, Dothiora capparis, Dothiora rhapontici, and Dothiora uzbekistanica were proposed by molecular and morphological data. Likewise, the phylogenetic relationship and morphology of Dothiora are discussed. In addition, we provide a list of accepted Dothiora species, including host information, distribution, morphology descriptions, and availability of sequence data, to enhance the current knowledge of the diversity within Dothiora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanokned Senwanna
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sinang Hongsanan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Manzura Yarasheva
- Department of Education and Training Management, Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Central Asian Center for Development Studies, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Aziz Abdurazakov
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Andijan State University, Andijan, Uzbekistan
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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20
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Zhou Q, Yao Z, Cao X, Chen Y, Zou C, Chen B. Fusarium sacchari hypovirus 1, a Member of Hypoviridae with Virulence Attenuation Capacity in Phytopathogenic Fusarium Species. Viruses 2024; 16:608. [PMID: 38675949 PMCID: PMC11054305 DOI: 10.3390/v16040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In a survey of mycoviruses in Fusarium species that cause sugarcane Pokkah boeng disease, twelve Fusarium strains from three Fusarium species (F. sacchari, F. andiyazi, and F. solani) were found to contain Fusarium sacchari hypovirus 1 (FsHV1), which we reported previously. The genomes of these variants range from 13,966 to 13,983 nucleotides, with 98.6% to 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity and 98.70% to 99.9% protein sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis placed these FsHV1 variants within the Alphahypovirus cluster of Hypoviridae. Intriguingly, no clear correlation was found between the geographic origin and host specificity of these viral variants. Additionally, six out of the twelve variants displayed segmental deletions of 1.5 to 1.8 kilobases, suggesting the existence of defective viral dsRNA. The presence of defective viral dsRNA led to a two-thirds reduction in the dsRNA of the wild-type viral genome, yet a tenfold increase in the total viral dsRNA content. To standardize virulence across natural strains, all FsHV1 strains were transferred into a single, virus-free Fusarium recipient strain, FZ06-VF, via mycelial fusion. Strains of Fusarium carrying FsHV1 exhibited suppressed pigment synthesis, diminished microspore production, and a marked decrease in virulence. Inoculation tests revealed varying capacities among different FsHV1 variants to modulate fungal virulence, with the strain harboring the FsHV1-FSA1 showing the lowest virulence, with a disease severity index (DSI) of 3.33, and the FsHV1-FS1 the highest (DSI = 17.66). The identification of highly virulent FsHV1 variants holds promise for the development of biocontrol agents for Pokkah boeng management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ziting Yao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuejia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chengwu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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21
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Deepak Reddy B, Kumar B, Sahni S, Yashaswini G, Karthik S, Reddy MSS, Kumar R, Mukherjee U. Genetic diversity and population structure of Fusarium udum in India and its correlation with pigeonpea wilt incidence. J Basic Microbiol 2024:e202300682. [PMID: 38616701 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In a study conducted in India, 50 Fusarium isolates were collected from pigeonpea growing regions and extensively examined for their cultural and morphological characteristics. These isolates exhibited significant variations in traits including growth rate, mycelial growth patterns, color, zonation, pigmentation, spore size, and septation. Subsequently, 30 isolates were chosen for pathogenicity testing on eight pigeonpea genotypes. Results showed distinct reactions, with four genotypes displaying differential responses (ICP8858, ICP8859, ICP8862, and BDN-2), while ICP9174 and ICP8863 consistently exhibited resistance and ICP2376 and BAHAR remained susceptible to wilt disease. To study the interaction between Fusarium isolates and pigeonpea host differentials (HDs), an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis was conducted. The majority of disease incidence variation (75.54%) was attributed to HD effects, while Fusarium isolate effects accounted for only 1.99%. The interaction between Isolates and HDs (I × HD) contributed 21.95% to the total variation, being smaller than HD but larger than I. Based on HD reactions, isolates were classified into nine variants, showing varying distributions across pigeonpea growing states, with variants 2 and 3 being prevalent in several regions. This diversity underscores the need for location-specific wilt-resistant pigeonpea cultivars. Furthermore, genetic analysis of 23 representative isolates, through internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequencing, revealed three major clusters: Fusarium udum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium equiseti. These findings hold potential for developing location-specific wilt-resistant pigeonpea cultivars and enhancing disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beerelli Deepak Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Birendra Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Sangita Sahni
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Gummudala Yashaswini
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Somala Karthik
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Udayan Mukherjee
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
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22
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Shi M, Li YZ. Evaluation of the Growth, Sporulation, Fungicide Efficacy, and Host Range of Ramularia sphaeroidea. Microorganisms 2024; 12:766. [PMID: 38674710 PMCID: PMC11051774 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ramularia sphaeroidea was primarily identified based on the characteristics of its conidia and several sequences. The fungus causes severe leaf spot disease on hairy vetch (Vicia villosa var. glabrescens) in Yunnan Province in China. The growth, sporulation, fungicide efficacy, and host range of the pathogen were evaluated to aid in disease management. Different types of culture media and carbon and nitrogen sources were used to evaluate the growth of R. sphaeroidea. Oatmeal, maltose, and potassium nitrate agar had a higher amount of sporulation. Difenoconazole (10%) was the most effective fungicide against the leaf disease caused by R. sphaeroidea. In addition, foliar inoculation sprays were used to assess the host range of R. sphaeroidea in six different plant species, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), erect milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). R. sphaeroidea successfully infected these plants, indicating that it has a wider host range than hairy vetches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yan-Zhong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730020, China
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23
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van Westerhoven AC, Aguilera-Galvez C, Nakasato-Tagami G, Shi-Kunne X, Martinez de la Parte E, Chavarro-Carrero E, Meijer HJG, Feurtey A, Maryani N, Ordóñez N, Schneiders H, Nijbroek K, Wittenberg AHJ, Hofstede R, García-Bastidas F, Sørensen A, Swennen R, Drenth A, Stukenbrock EH, Kema GHJ, Seidl MF. Segmental duplications drive the evolution of accessory regions in a major crop pathogen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:610-625. [PMID: 38402521 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Many pathogens evolved compartmentalized genomes with conserved core and variable accessory regions (ARs) that carry effector genes mediating virulence. The fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum has such ARs, often spanning entire chromosomes. The presence of specific ARs influences the host range, and horizontal transfer of ARs can modify the pathogenicity of the receiving strain. However, how these ARs evolve in strains that infect the same host remains largely unknown. We defined the pan-genome of 69 diverse F. oxysporum strains that cause Fusarium wilt of banana, a significant constraint to global banana production, and analyzed the diversity and evolution of the ARs. Accessory regions in F. oxysporum strains infecting the same banana cultivar are highly diverse, and we could not identify any shared genomic regions and in planta-induced effectors. We demonstrate that segmental duplications drive the evolution of ARs. Furthermore, we show that recent segmental duplications specifically in accessory chromosomes cause the expansion of ARs in F. oxysporum. Taken together, we conclude that extensive recent duplications drive the evolution of ARs in F. oxysporum, which contribute to the evolution of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C van Westerhoven
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Aguilera-Galvez
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giuliana Nakasato-Tagami
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Einar Martinez de la Parte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edgar Chavarro-Carrero
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harold J G Meijer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Feurtey
- Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
- Plant Pathology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nani Maryani
- Biology Education, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jalan Raya Palka No.Km 3, 42163, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Ordóñez
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Schneiders
- KeyGene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Nijbroek
- KeyGene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rene Hofstede
- KeyGene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anker Sørensen
- KeyGene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Swennen
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Catholic University of Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Plot 15 Naguru E Rd, Kampala, PO Box 7878, Uganda
| | - Andre Drenth
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eva H Stukenbrock
- Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Gert H J Kema
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Bustamante MI, Todd C, Elfar K, Hamid MI, Garcia JF, Cantu D, Rolshausen PE, Eskalen A. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Young Vine Decline in California. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1053-1061. [PMID: 38085973 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1362-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases are caused by a broad diversity of fungal taxa that have serious impacts on the worldwide viticulture industry due to significant reductions in vineyards yield and lifespan. Field surveys carried out from 2018 to 2022 in California nurseries and young vineyards revealed a high incidence of Fusarium. Since Fusarium species are important pathogens of other perennial crops, the present study aimed to identify and determine the pathogenicity of the Fusarium species on grapevines. Morphology of the fungal colonies coupled with multilocus phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes revealed the occurrence of 10 species clustering in six species complexes, namely F. fujikuroi (FFSC), F. oxysporum (FOSC), F. solani (FSSC), F. sambucinum (FSAMSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC), and F. tricinctum (FTSC) species complexes. The species F. annulatum (FFSC) was the most prevalent in samples from both symptomatic young vineyards (73.5% incidence) and nursery propagation material (62.5% incidence). Pathogenicity of the 10 most frequent species was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates on living woody tissue of 1103 Paulsen rootstocks. Our results suggest that Fusarium spp. are involved in the development of young vine decline, probably as opportunistic pathogens when grapevines are under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Karina Elfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M Imran Hamid
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jadran F Garcia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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25
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Jeon H, Yang JW, Shin D, Min D, Kim BJ, Min K, Son H. Development of a Selective Medium for Surveillance of Fusarium Head Blight Disease. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:106-114. [PMID: 38606441 PMCID: PMC11016560 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2023.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum, is a significant fungal disease impacting small-grain cereals. The absence of highly resistant cultivars underscores the need for vigilant FHB surveillance to mitigate its detrimental effects. In 2023, a notable FHB outbreak occurred in the southern region of Korea. We assessed FHB disease severity by quantifying infected spikelets and grains. Isolating fungal pathogens from infected samples often encounters interference from various microorganisms. We developed a cost-effective, selective medium, named BGT (Burkholderia glumae Toxoflavin) medium, utilizing B. glumae, which is primarily known for causing bacterial panicle blight in rice. This medium exhibited selective growth properties, predominantly supporting Fusarium spp., while substantially inhibiting the growth of other fungi. Using the BGT medium, we isolated F. graminearum and F. asiaticum from infected wheat and barley samples across Korea. To further streamline the process, we used a direct PCR approach to amplify the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) region without a separate genomic DNA extraction step. Phylogenetic analysis of the TEF-1α region revealed that the majority of the isolates were identified as F. asiaticum. Our results demonstrate that BGT medium is an effective tool for FHB diagnosis and Fusarium strain isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung Wook Yang
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Donghwan Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Donggyu Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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26
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González-Jartín JM, Aguín O, Rodríguez-Cañás I, Alvariño R, Sainz MJ, Vieytes MR, Rial C, Piñón P, Salinero C, Alfonso A, Botana LM. First description of adenosine production by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, causal agent of chestnut brown rot. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:148. [PMID: 38539025 PMCID: PMC10972910 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) is the main causal agent of chestnut brown rot on sweet chestnut worldwide. The rotting of nuts leads to alterations in the organoleptic qualities and decreased fruit production, resulting in significant economic losses. In 2021, there was an important outbreak of chestnut rot in southern Galicia (Spanish northwest). The profile of secondary metabolites from G. smithogilvyi was studied, especially to determine its capability for producing mycotoxins, as happens with other rotting fungi, due to the possible consequences on the safety of chestnut consumption. Secondary metabolites produced by isolates of G. smithogilvyi growing in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium were identified using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Three metabolites with interesting pharmacological and phyto-toxicological properties were identified based on their exact mass and fragmentation patterns, namely adenosine, oxasetin, and phytosphingosine. The capacity of G. smithogilvyi to produce adenosine in PDA cultures was assessed, finding concentrations ranging from 176 to 834 µg/kg. Similarly, the production of mycotoxins was ruled out, indicating that the consumption of chestnuts with necrotic lesions does not pose a health risk to the consumer in terms of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M González-Jartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olga Aguín
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, 36153, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Inés Rodríguez-Cañás
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - María J Sainz
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristina Rial
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, 36153, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Piñón
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, 36153, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carmen Salinero
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, 36153, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Azizi R, Ghosta Y, Ahmadpour A. Apple crown and collar canker and necrosis caused by Cytospora balanejica sp. nov. in Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6629. [PMID: 38504125 PMCID: PMC10951349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Apple is the most important fruit tree in West Azarbaijan province of Iran. In a survey of apple orchards, a disease with crown and collar canker and necrosis symptoms was observed in three young apple orchards in Urmia, affecting 15% and 1% of 'Red Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' cultivars, respectively. A fungus with typical characteristics of the asexual morph of Cytospora was regularly isolated from the diseased tissues. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses inferred from the combined dataset of the ITS-rDNA, parts of LSU, tef1-α, rpb2, and act1 genes revealed that the isolates represent a new species of Cytospora, described herein as Cytospora balanejica sp. nov.. The pathogenicity of all isolates was confirmed on apple cv. 'Red Delicious' based on Koch's postulates. Also, the reaction of 12 other apple cultivars was assessed against five selected isolates with the highest virulence. The results showed that except for cv. 'Braeburn', which did not produce any symptoms of the disease, the other 11 cultivars showed characteristic disease symptoms including sunken and discolored bark and wood. The mean length of the discolored area was different among the 11 so-called susceptible cultivars, hence cvs. 'M4' and 'Golden Delicious' showed the highest and the lowest lesion length, respectively. Moreover, the aggressiveness of the five tested isolates was different, and the isolates BA 2-4 and BA 3-1 had the highest and lowest aggressiveness, respectively. Based on our observations on the potential ability of the fungus to cause disease on young and actively growing apple trees, it will be a serious threat to apple cultivation and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmig Azizi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Youbert Ghosta
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Ahmadpour
- Higher Education Center of Shahid Bakeri, Urmia University, Miyandoab, Iran
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Alijani Mamaghani N, Masiello M, Somma S, Moretti A, Saremi H, Haidukowski M, Altomare C. Endophytic Alternaria and Fusarium species associated to potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in Iran and their capability to produce regulated and emerging mycotoxins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26385. [PMID: 38434378 PMCID: PMC10907534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live inside virtually every plant species, without causing any apparent disease or damage to the host. Nevertheless, under particular conditions, mutualistic lifestyle of endophytes may change to pathogenic. In this study, the biodiversity of Alternaria and Fusarium species, the two most abundant endophytic fungi isolated from healthy potato plants in two climatically different regions of Iran, Ardebil in the north-west and Kerman in the south-east, was investigated. Seventy-five Fusarium strains and 83 Alternaria strains were molecularly characterized by multi-locus gene sequencing. Alternaria strains were characterized by the sequences of gpd and caM gene fragments and the phylogenetic tree was resolved in 3 well-separated clades. Seventy-three strains were included in the clade A, referred as Alternaria section, 6 strains were included in clade B, referred as Ulocladioides section, and 4 strains were included in clade C, referred as Infectoriae section. Fusarium strains, identified by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genomic regions, were assigned to 13 species, viz. F. brachygibosum, F. clavum, F. equiseti, F. flocciferum, F. incarnatum, F. nirenbergiae, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. sambucinum, F. solani and F. thapsinum. Twenty-six selected strains, representative of F. equiseti, F. nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum, F. nygamai, F. proliferatum, and F. sambucinum, were also tested for production of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin (T-2), beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs), fumonisins (FBs), fusaric acid (FA) and moniliformin (MON). None of the tested strains produced trichothecene toxins (DON, NIV, DAS and T-2). Two out of 2 F. equiseti isolates, 1/6 F. oxysporum, 1/3 F. proliferatum, and 1/9 F. nygamai did not produce any of the tested toxins; the rest of strains produced one or more BEA, ENNs, FBs, FA and MON toxins. The most toxigenic strain, F. nygamai ITEM-19012, produced the highest quantities of FBs (7946, 4693 and 4333 μg/g of B1, B2, and B3 respectively), along with the highest quantities of both BEA (4190 μg/g) and MON (538 μg/g). These findings suggest that contamination of potato tubers with mycotoxins in the field or at post-harvest, due to a change in lifestyle of endophytic microflora, should be carefully considered and furtherly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Alijani Mamaghani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 77871-31587, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mario Masiello
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Somma
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Hossein Saremi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 77871-31587, Karaj, Iran
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Wang HY, Li X, Dong CB, Zhang YW, Chen WH, Liang JD, Han YF. Two new species of Sordariomycetes (Chaetomiaceae and Nectriaceae) from China. MycoKeys 2024; 102:301-315. [PMID: 38495535 PMCID: PMC10940860 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rich and diverse fungal species occur in different habitats on the earth. Many new taxa are being reported and described in increasing numbers with the advent of molecular phylogenetics. However, there are still a number of unknown fungi that have not yet been discovered and described. During a survey of fungal diversity in different habitats in China, we identified and proposed two new species, based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Herein, we report the descriptions, illustrations and molecular phylogeny of the two new species, Bisifusariumkeratinophilumsp. nov. and Ovatosporasinensissp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Chun-Bo Dong
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Wei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, ChinaGuizhou Education UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Wan-Hao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Molnár O, Vida G, Puskás K. Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Head Blight in Hungarian Wheat Fields. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:558-562. [PMID: 37743590 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1167-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The species composition of the genus Fusarium associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat fields of Hungary in the year 2019 was assessed. Symptomatic wheat heads were collected at 20 geographical locations representing different ecosystems. A total of 256 Fusarium strains were isolated and identified by partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene and, where required, the second-largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase gene. Overall, Fusarium graminearum (58.2%) proved to be the dominant species, followed by F. annulatum (formerly F. proliferatum) (17.2%) and F. verticillioides (7.4%). The presence of all other species, including F. culmorum, in the population was less than 5%. F. graminearum was identified as the main species associated with FHB at 14 sampling sites. Fumonisin-producing F. annulatum, primarily known as the pathogen of maize in Hungary, was detected nearly as frequently as F. graminearum at three locations and dominated at two other sites. F. poae was not found during the survey. F. vorosii, a species that is believed to be of Asian origin and was already found in Hungary in 2002, was identified at two locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Molnár
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest H-1022, Hungary
| | - Gyula Vida
- Cereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár H-2462, Hungary
| | - Katalin Puskás
- Cereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár H-2462, Hungary
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Aiyer HS, McKenzie-Gopsill A, Mills A, Foster AJ. Select Cover Crop Residue and Soil Microbiomes Contribute to Suppression of Fusarium Root and Crown Rot in Barley and Soybean. Microorganisms 2024; 12:404. [PMID: 38399808 PMCID: PMC10891762 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium root and crown rot (FRCR) negatively impact several economically important plant species. Cover crops host different soil and residue microbiomes, thereby potentially influencing pathogen load and disease severity. The carryover effect of cover crops on FRCR in barley and soybean was investigated. Field trials were conducted in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Two cover crops from each plant group, including forbs, brassicas, legumes, and grasses, were grown in a randomized complete block design with barley and soybean planted in split plots the following year. Barley and soybean roots were assessed for FRCR through visual disease rating and Fusarium spp. were isolated from diseased tissue. Fungal and bacterial communities in cover crop residues were quantified using amplicon sequencing. The disease-suppressive effects of soil were tested in greenhouse studies. The results indicated that sorghum-sudangrass-associated microbiomes suppress Fusarium spp., leading to reduced FRCR in both barley and soybean. The oilseed radish microbiome had the opposite effect, consequently increasing FRCR incidence in barley and soybean. The results from this study indicate that cover crop residue and the associated soil microbiome influence the incidence and severity of FRCR in subsequent crops. This information can be used to determine cover cropping strategies in barley and soybean production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini S. Aiyer
- Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A2, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrew McKenzie-Gopsill
- Charlottetown Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Aaron Mills
- Charlottetown Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Adam John Foster
- Charlottetown Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada
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Engalycheva I, Kozar E, Frolova S, Vetrova S, Tikhonova T, Dzhos E, Engalychev M, Chizhik V, Martynov V, Shingaliev A, Dudnikova K, Dudnikov M, Kostanchuk Y. Fusarium Species Causing Pepper Wilt in Russia: Molecular Identification and Pathogenicity. Microorganisms 2024; 12:343. [PMID: 38399747 PMCID: PMC10893445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt pathogens represent an ongoing threat to pepper production worldwide. This is the first report providing data on the molecular identification of Fusarium fungi that cause wilt in pepper in the southern regions of Russia. Monitoring of the Fusarium infection on pepper was carried out in 2019-2022 in two economically important regions of this culture production: the Krasnodar Krai and Crimea. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor (EF1a) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as well as the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of the fungi, the causative agents of Fusarium wilt have been identified. The causative agents identified as representatives of the Fusarium species composition included: F. clavus, F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. commune, F. torulosum, and F. sporotrichioides. Depending on the region, the specifics of biodiversity and the ratio of these species in pathocomplexes were noted. In Crimea, wilting could be attributed to all of the identified species; in the Krasnodar Krai, F. verticillioides and F. clavus were found to contribute to wilting. The pathogenicity test showed that the pathogens of pepper wilting in Russia, in addition to the already known F. oxysporum and F. solani, are the species F. clavus and F. verticillioides. This is the first report on the ability of these species to cause Fusarium wilt in pepper cultures. The obtained data will be of practical value for the development of biological control measures for fungi of the genus Fusarium, which cause pepper wilt in areas of industrial production and seed production. In addition, data on species composition and aggressive isolates will be used in a pepper breeding program for resistance to Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Engalycheva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Elena Kozar
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Svetlana Frolova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Svetlana Vetrova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Tatyana Tikhonova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Elena Dzhos
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Myazar Engalychev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
| | - Vera Chizhik
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), 143072 Vniissok, Russia; (E.K.); (S.F.); (S.V.); (T.T.); (E.D.); (M.E.); (V.C.)
- State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (FSBSI ARRIAB), 127550 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (A.S.); (K.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Viktor Martynov
- State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (FSBSI ARRIAB), 127550 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (A.S.); (K.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Andrey Shingaliev
- State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (FSBSI ARRIAB), 127550 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (A.S.); (K.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Ksenia Dudnikova
- State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (FSBSI ARRIAB), 127550 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (A.S.); (K.D.); (M.D.)
- Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection, 350039 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Maksim Dudnikov
- State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (FSBSI ARRIAB), 127550 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (A.S.); (K.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Yulia Kostanchuk
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, 295034 Simferopol, Russia;
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Zhu Z, Yu C, Dong Z, Mo R, Zhang C, Liu X, Zuo Y, Li Y, Deng W, Hu X. Phylogeny and Fungal Community Structures of Helotiales Associated with Sclerotial Disease of Mulberry Fruits in China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:502-512. [PMID: 37647089 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0223-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry fruit sclerotiniose is a prevalent disease caused by the fungal species Ciboria shiraiana, C. carunculoides, and Scleromitrula shiraiana of the order Helotiales, and severely affects the production of mulberry. However, these species have only been identified using morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses, and their genetic variation is unclear. To address this, morphological and two-locus (ITS and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses were conducted using culture-dependent and independent methods for 49 samples from 31 orchards across four provinces in China. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to assess the fungal communities obtained from fruits varying in disease severity and color from an orchard in Wuhan. Conidial suspensions of C. shiraiana and C. carunculoides isolated from diseased fruits, diseased fruits affected with hypertrophy and pellet sorosis sclerotiniose, and mycelia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined to be pathogenic to the mulberry cultivar YSD10. However, fruits inoculated with S. sclerotiorum mycelia exhibited nontypical disease symptoms, and mycelia and conidia obtained from C. carunculoides and S. shiraiana strains were not pathogenic. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses using the sequences of the assessed loci indicated species variability with no evidence of geographic specialization. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the diversity of fungal communities was reduced with disease progression. Furthermore, within a single fruit, the presence of two Ciboria spp. was detected. These results provide novel insights into Ciboria spp., revealing the secondary infections caused by conidia in diseased fruits, genetic variations of the pathogens, and the occurrence of coinfection. This improved understanding of fungal pathogens will aid in developing effective disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhu
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Cui Yu
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rongli Mo
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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Kamble A, Michavila S, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Redkar A. Shared infection strategy of a fungal pathogen across diverse lineages of land plants, the Fusarium example. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102498. [PMID: 38142620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage with a wide variety of microorganisms either in parasitic or mutualistic relationships, which have helped them to adapt to terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial interactions have driven plant evolution and led to the emergence of complex interaction outcomes via suppression of host defenses by evolving pathogens. The evolution of plant-microbe interactions is shaped by conserved host and pathogen gene modules and fast-paced lineage-specific adaptability which determines the interaction outcome. Recent findings from different microbes ranging from bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi suggest recurrent concepts in establishing interactions with evolutionarily distant plant hosts, but also clade-specific adaptation that ultimately contributes to pathogenicity. Here, we revisit some of the latest features that illustrate shared colonization strategies of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum on distant plant lineages and lineage-specific adaptability of mini-chromosomal units encoding effectors, for shaping host-specific pathogenicity in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Santiago Michavila
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Campus Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Selena Gimenez-Ibanez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Campus Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Amey Redkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (NCBS-TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
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35
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Qiao M, Jing T, Wan Y, Yu Z. Analyses of Multilocus Sequences and Morphological Features Reveal Ilyonectria Species Associated with Black Rot Disease of Gastrodia elata. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:382-397. [PMID: 37552163 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0001-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Black rot is a common disease of Gastrodia elata, causing serious threats to G. elata production. In this study, a total of 17 Cylindrocarpon-like strains were isolated from G. elata black rot tissues. Multilocus sequence analyses based on ITS, HIS, TEF, and TUB combined with morphological characterizations were performed to identify six Ilyonectria species, including four new species, Ilyonectria longispora, I. sinensis, I. xiaocaobaensis, and I. yunnanensis, and two known species, I. changbaiensis and I. robusta. The pathogenicity of 11 isolates comprising type strains of the four new species and representative isolates from each of the six species was tested on healthy tissues of G. elata. All isolates were pathogenic to G. elata tissues, and symptoms were identical to black rot disease, confirming that our isolates were the causal agents of black rot disease of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Jing
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yake Wan
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
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Gao Y, Swiggart E, Wolkiewicz K, Liyanapathiranage P, Baysal-Gurel F, Avin FA, Lopez EFP, Jordan RT, Kellogg J, Burkhart EP. Goldenseal ( Hydrastis canadensis L.) Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Fungal Isolates Associated with American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.). Molecules 2024; 29:556. [PMID: 38338301 PMCID: PMC10856682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
American ginseng, a highly valuable crop in North America, is susceptible to various diseases caused by fungal pathogens, including Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., and Pestalotiopsis spp. The development of alternative control strategies that use botanicals to control fungal pathogens in American ginseng is desired as it provides multiple benefits. In this study, we isolated and identified three fungal isolates, Alternaria panax, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Pestalotiopsis nanjingensis, from diseased American ginseng plants. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from the roots and leaves of goldenseal were prepared, and the major alkaloid constituents were assessed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Next, the antifungal effects of goldenseal extracts were tested against these three fungal pathogens. Goldenseal root ethanolic extracts exhibited the most potent inhibition against fungal growth, while goldenseal root aqueous extracts and leaf ethanolic extracts showed only moderate inhibition. At 2% (m/v) concentration, goldenseal root ethanolic extracts showed an inhibition rate of 86.0%, 94.9%, and 39.1% against A. panax, F. sporotrichioides, and P. nanjingensis, respectively. The effect of goldenseal root ethanolic extracts on the mycelial morphology of fungal isolates was studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mycelia of the pathogens treated with the goldenseal root ethanolic extract displayed considerable morphological alterations. This study suggests that goldenseal extracts have the potential to be used as a botanical fungicide to control plant fungal diseases caused by A. panax, F. sporotrichioides, or P. nanjingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (K.W.)
| | - Ethan Swiggart
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (K.W.)
| | - Kaela Wolkiewicz
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (K.W.)
| | - Prabha Liyanapathiranage
- Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Ln, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA; (P.L.); (F.B.-G.)
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Ln, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA; (P.L.); (F.B.-G.)
| | - Farhat A. Avin
- Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Ln, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA; (P.L.); (F.B.-G.)
| | - Eleanor F. P. Lopez
- Soil, Plant and Pest Center, University of Tennessee, 5201 Marchant Dr, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Rebecca T. Jordan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.T.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Joshua Kellogg
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.T.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Eric P. Burkhart
- Shaver’s Creek Environmental Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 3400 Discovery Road, Petersburg, PA 16669, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Zhang F, Yang YQ, Zhou FP, Xiao W, Boonmee S, Yang XY. Multilocus Phylogeny and Characterization of Five Undescribed Aquatic Carnivorous Fungi ( Orbiliomycetes). J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:81. [PMID: 38276027 PMCID: PMC10817524 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) holds significant theoretical and practical implications in the study of adaptive evolution and the bio-control of harmful nematodes. However, compared to terrestrial ecosystems, research on aquatic NTF is still in its early stages. During a survey of NTF in six watersheds in Yunnan Province, China, we isolated 10 taxa from freshwater sediment. Subsequent identification based on morphological and multigene (ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses inferred they belong to five new species within Arthrobotrys. This paper provides a detailed description of these five novel species (Arthrobotrys cibiensis, A. heihuiensis, A. jinshaensis, A. yangbiensis, and A. yangjiangensis), contributing novel insights for further research into the diversity of NTF and providing new material for the biological control of aquatic harmful nematodes. Additionally, future research directions concerning aquatic NTF are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Zhang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yao-Quan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Fa-Ping Zhou
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Yunling Back-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zhang X. Three New Species of Apiospora (Amphisphaeriales, Apiosporaceae) on Indocalamus longiauritus, Adinandra glischroloma and Machilus nanmu from Hainan and Fujian, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:74. [PMID: 38248983 PMCID: PMC10817522 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Apiospora is widely distributed throughout the world, and most of its hosts are Poaceae. In this study, Arthrinium-like strains were isolated from non-Poaceae in the Hainan and Fujian provinces of China. Based on the combined DNA sequence data of the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS), partial large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), translation extension factor 1-α gene (TEF1-α) and β-tubulin (TUB2), the collected Apiospora specimens were compared with known species, and three new species were identified. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, Apiospora adinandrae sp. nov., A. bawanglingensis sp. nov. and A. machili sp. nov. are described and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Shi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (X.L.); (S.W.)
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Athinuwat D, Ruangwong OU, Harishchandra DL, Pitija K, Sunpapao A. Biological Control Activities of Rhizosphere Fungus Trichoderma virens T1-02 in Suppressing Flower Blight of Flamingo Flower ( Anthurium andraeanum Lind.). J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:66. [PMID: 38248975 PMCID: PMC10817541 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Flower blight caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora is an emerging disease of flamingo flower (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.) that negatively impacts flower production. The use of rhizosphere fungi as biocontrol agents is an alternative way to control this disease instead of using synthetic fungicides. This research aimed to screen the potential of rhizosphere fungi, Trichoderma spp., with diverse antifungal abilities to control N. clavispora and to reduce flower blight in flamingo flowers. A total of ten isolates were tested against N. clavispora by dual culture assay, and T1-02 was found to be the most effective isolate against N. clavispora, with inhibition of 78.21%. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of multiple DNA sequences of the genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and RNA polymerase 2 (rpb2) identified isolate T1-02 as Trichoderma virens. Sealed plate method revealed T. virens T1-02 produced volatile antifungal compounds (VOCs) against N. clavispora, with inhibition of 51.28%. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to trap volatiles, and GC/MS profiling showed VOCs emitted from T. virens T1-02 contained a sesquiterpene antifungal compound-germacrene D. The pre-colonized plate method showed that T. virens T1-02 aggressively colonized in tested plates with inhibition of 100% against N. clavispora, and microscopy revealed direct parasitism onto fungal hyphae. Furthermore, the application of T. virens T1-02 spore suspension reduced the disease severity index (DSI) of flower blight in flamingo flowers. Based on the results from this study, T. virens T1-02 displays multiple antagonistic mechanisms and has the potential ability to control flower blight of flamingo flowers caused by N. clavispora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusit Athinuwat
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - On-Uma Ruangwong
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (O.-U.R.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Dulanjalee L. Harishchandra
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (O.-U.R.); (D.L.H.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kitsada Pitija
- PerkinElmer Scientific (Thailand) Co., Ltd., 290 Soi Soonvijai 4, Bang Kapi, Huai Kwang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand;
| | - Anurag Sunpapao
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division (Pest Management), Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand
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He J, Li DW, Cui WL, Zhu LH, Huang L. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species of Fusarium (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) associated with leaf blight on Cunninghamialanceolata in China. MycoKeys 2024; 101:45-80. [PMID: 38229910 PMCID: PMC10790579 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese fir (Cunninghamialanceolata) is a special fast-growing commercial tree species in China with high economic value. In recent years, leaf blight disease on C.lanceolata has been observed frequently. The diversity of Fusarium species associated with leaf blight on C.lanceolata in China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces) was evaluated using morphological study and molecular multi-locus analyses based on RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), and RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1) genes/region as well as the pairwise homoplasy index tests. A total of five Fusarium species belonging to four Fusarium species complexes were recognized in this study. Two known species including Fusariumconcentricum and F.fujikuroi belonged to the F.fujikuroi species complex, and three new Fusarium species were described, i.e., F.fujianense belonged to the F.lateritium species complex, F.guizhouense belonged to the F.sambucinum species complex, and F.hunanense belonged to the F.solani species complex. To prove Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests on C.lanceolata revealed a wide variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species, of which F.hunanense HN33-8-2 caused the most severe symptoms and F.fujianense LC14 led to the least severe symptoms. To our knowledge, this study also represented the first report of F.concentricum, F.fujianense, F.fujikuroi, F.guizhouense, and F.hunanense causing leaf blight on C.lanceolata in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao He
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - De-Wei Li
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, USAThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment StationWindsorUnited States of America
| | - Wen-Li Cui
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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Park J, Kim S, Jo M, An S, Kim Y, Yoon J, Jeong MH, Kim EY, Choi J, Kim Y, Park SY. Isolation and Identification of Alternaria alternata from Potato Plants Affected by Leaf Spot Disease in Korea: Selection of Effective Fungicides. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38248962 PMCID: PMC10820076 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp. is among the most common diseases of potato crops. Typical brown spot symptoms were observed in commercial potato-cultivation areas of northern Korea from June to August 2020-2021. In total, 68 isolates were collected, and based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the collected isolates were identified as Alternaria spp. (80.9%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a majority of these isolates clustered within a clade that included A. alternata. Additionally, the ITS region and rpb2 yielded the most informative sequences for the identification of A. alternata. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the collected pathogens elicited symptoms identical to those observed in the field. In pathogenicity tests performed on seven commercial cultivars, the pathogens exhibited strong virulence in both wound and non-wound inoculations. Among the cultivars tested, Arirang-1ho, Arirang-2ho, and Golden Ball were resistant to the pathogens. Furthermore, among the fungicides tested in vitro, mancozeb and difenoconazole were found to be effective for inhibiting mycelial growth. In summary, our findings suggest that A. alternata plays a critical role in leaf disease in potato-growing regions and emphasise the necessity of continuous monitoring and management to protect against this disease in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Miju Jo
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin An
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
| | - Jonghan Yoon
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (Y.K.); (J.Y.); (M.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Šišić A, Baćanović-Šišić J, Gamba FM, Finckh MR. Didymella pinodella: An Important Pea Root Rot Pathogen in France to Watch Out For? J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:44. [PMID: 38248955 PMCID: PMC10820343 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Root rot pathogens restrict pea and wheat production globally. In the EU, pea and pea-based cereal mixtures are being promoted; however, root rot pathogen dynamics in such mixtures are poorly understood. Winter pea and wheat were grown either in pure stands or in mixtures in the field in western France, and the severity of root rot in pea, wheat, and their mixtures, as well as the key pathogens associated with these crops, were assessed. Disease severity was moderate in pea and low in wheat, with no effect of sowing pattern. Didymella pinodella, a previously unreported pathogen in the pea-root rot complex in France, emerged as the most dominant pathogen in pea. It also occurred in low frequencies in wheat. Subsequent greenhouse aggressiveness tests showed that ten of the commonly grown pea cultivars in France lack resistance to D. pinodella. Among the Fusarium spp. isolated, F. avenaceum was the most frequent, occurring at similar frequencies in pea and wheat. In conclusion, D. pinodella may be an important pea root rot pathogen in France and there is a lack of resistance in the tested pea cultivars. In addition, F. avenaceum is a shared pathogen of wheat and pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Šišić
- Section of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;
| | - Jelena Baćanović-Šišić
- Section of Organic Plant Breeding and Agrobiodiversity, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;
| | - Fernanda M. Gamba
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (UDELAR), Research Station Dr. M.A. Cassinoni, Ruta 3 K 363, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay;
| | - Maria R. Finckh
- Section of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;
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Nishiyama E, Nagata R, Ando A, Saito A. Edible plant oil (EPO)-consumption activity of the isolate Fusarium keratoplasticum EN01 and other relative Fusarium species. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:7. [PMID: 38170394 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Edible oil is used in humans' daily lives, and the degradation of edible oil is a key process in sewage water treatment and in compost production from food wastes. In this study, a mixed microbial strain EN00, which showed high edible plant oil (EPO)-consumption activity, was obtained from soil via enrichment cultivation. A fungal strain EN01 was isolated from EN00 and relegated to Fusarium keratoplasticum, based on the nucleotide sequences of the TEF1-α gene. Strain EN01 eliminated more than 90% of hydrophobic compounds from the medium containing 1.0% (w/v) EPO within 10 days at 30 °C. The rate of consumption of EPO by EN01 was comparable with that of EN00, suggesting that EN01 was the main microorganism involved in the EPO-consumption ability of EN00. Strain EN01 efficiently utilized EPO as a sole carbon source. The EPO-consumption rate of EN01 was highest among six tested strains of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), while two FSSC strains of F. mori and F. cuneirostrum, whose phylogenetic relationships were relatively distant from EN01, had little EPO-eliminating activity. This data implies that the potent EPO-eliminating activity is not general in FSSC strains but is restricted to selected members of this complex. EN01 showed good growth at 25-30 °C, in media with an initial pH of 4-10, and in the presence of 0-3% (w/v) sodium chloride. Although the safety including pathogenicity must be strictly evaluated, some FSSC strains including EN01 have potentials for use in the degradation and elimination of edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagata
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Akikazu Ando
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Toyosawa 2200-2, Fukuroi, Shizuoka, 437-8555, Japan.
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da Silva Santos AC, Pedroso SKB, Alves AL, Diniz AG, de Oliveira NT, Tiago PV. Fusarium species associated with citrus blackfly ( Aleurocanthus woglumi) from an agroecological polyculture in Brazil, including an augmented description of F. volatile. Mycologia 2024; 116:92-105. [PMID: 38079330 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2283944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to report Fusarium species associated with Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) collected from citrus leaves from an agroecological polyculture in Brazil, assess sexual reproductive mode of the species with unknown sexual stages, and provide an augmented description of F. volatile, for which we discovered a sexual stage. Nineteen Fusarium isolates were recovered from A. woglumi. These fungi belong to three species complexes, i.e., the F. chlamydosporum species complex (FCSC), the F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), and the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC). Based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses, the species were identified as F. annulatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. pernambucanum, F. sulawesiense, F. verticillioides, and F. volatile. Our results suggest that three species whose sexual stages are unknown (F. chlamydosporum, F. sulawesiense, and F. volatile) are also heterothallic. Intraspecific crosses of F. sulawesiense and F. volatile produced protoperithecia, whereas 66.7% of F. volatile crosses produced fertile perithecia. We provide an augmented description of the latter species to include characteristics of its sexual morph and those observed in the asexual morph that had not yet been described for the species. This study highlights the potential of researching insect-associated fungi to increase knowledge about the diversity, taxonomy, and versatility of Fusarium in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Sheila Karine Belo Pedroso
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lucia Alves
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Athaline Gonçalves Diniz
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Neiva Tinti de Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Patricia Vieira Tiago
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
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45
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Błońska E, Jankowiak R, Lasota J, Krzemińska N, Zbyryt A, Ciach M. The role of chemical properties of the material deposited in nests of white stork in shaping enzymatic activity and fungal diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2583-2594. [PMID: 38066283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organic debris accumulated in bird nests creates a unique environment for organisms, including microbes. Built from various plant materials that are typically enriched by animal residues, bird nest favours the development of various fungal groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of the material deposited in the white stork Ciconia ciconia nests and the link between extracellular enzyme activity and the diversity and composition of culturable fungi. Our findings revealed low C/P and N/P ratio values in the nest materials, which indicate a high P availability. Nest material C/N/P ratio ranged from 67/8/1 to 438/33/1. Enzymatic activity strongly correlated with the content of carbon, nitrogen, and pH of the material deposited in the nests. A total of 2726 fungal isolates were obtained from the nests, from which 82 taxa were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence data. The study indicates that white stork nests are microhabitat characterised by diverse chemical and biochemical properties. We found relationship between the fungal richness and diversity and the C/P and N/P ratios of materials from the nests. Our study showed that culturable fungi occurred frequently in materials with high levels of C, N, and P, as well as high concentrations of base alkaline elements (Ca, Mg, and K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lasota
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Krzemińska
- Department of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Zbyryt
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Ciach
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
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Romão TC, Menezes-Filho ACP, Harakava R, Castro CFS, Morais PB. Molecular and morphological diversity, qualitative chemical profile and antioxidant activity of filamentous fungi of the digestive tract of Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e259983. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to identify by molecular analysis, morphology, chemistry and antioxidant extracts of filamentous fungi isolated from the digestive tract of Phylloicus sp, an aquatic insect that lives on leaf packages in tropical streams and participates together with fungi of the decomposition of plant substrates in aquatic habitats. Insect larvae of Phylloicus sp. were collected in streams in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Fungi were isolated from the digestive tract of larvae after disinfection and dissection, then described and purified for identification purposes and testing for antioxidant activity. Molecular identity was performed of ITS1 and ITS4, TUB e TEF sequencing. Fungal extracts were produced in 70% ethanol solution and later lyophilized. For analysis of chemical groups of extracts, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed in two mobile phases and different developers. Morphology was performed by optical microscopy stained with Toluidine Blue and measurement performed using the ImageJ program. Antioxidant activity performed in TLC and by quantitative method for DPPH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals. Four fungi were identified: Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Myxospora musae, Neopestalotiopsis cubana and Fusarium pseudocircinatum. The TLC showed several spots with acetone/chloroform mobile phase and UV 254 nm developers and I2 vapor. Fungal extracts demonstrate antioxidant action to reduce the DPPH free radical and especially for H2O2 above 50%, E. endophytica 91.6%, M. musae 87.8%, N. cubana 89.5% and 92.3% for F. pseudocircinatum. This study demonstrated that the molecular technique by PCR was satisfactory for identifying fungi, and extracts with numerous chemical groups and potent reducing agents. Thus future work, should be carried out evaluating these four species for industrial use.
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Lee W, Kim DG, Perera RH, Kim JS, Cho Y, Lee JW, Seo CW, Lim YW. Diversity of Nigrospora ( Xylariales, Apiosporaceae) Species Identified in Korean Macroalgae Including Five Unrecorded Species. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:401-409. [PMID: 38179117 PMCID: PMC10763912 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2283272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nigrospora (Xylariales, Apiosporaceae) consists of species of terrestrial plant endophytes and pathogens. Nigrospora has also been reported in marine environments such as mangroves, sea fans, and macroalgae. However, limited research has been conducted on Nigrospora associated with macroalgae. Here, we isolated Nigrospora species from three types of algae (brown, green, and red algae) from Korean islands (Chuja, Jeju, and Ulleung) based on phylogenetic analyses of multigenetic markers: the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), beta-tubulin (BenA), and translation elongation factor 1 (TEF1-α). A total of 17 Nigrospora strains were isolated from macroalgae and identified as nine distinct species. The majority of Nigrospora species (seven) were found on brown algae, followed by red algae (three), and then green algae (two). To our understanding, this study represents the first account of N. cooperae, N. covidalis, N. guilinensis, N. lacticolonia, N. osmanthi, N. pyriformis, and N. rubi occurring in marine environments. Additionally, this study provides the first report of the occurrence of N. cooperae, N. covidalis, N. guilinensis, N. lacticolonia, and N. osmanthi in South Korea. This study will provide valuable insights for future research exploring the functions of fungi in macroalgal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Geon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rekhani H. Perera
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhee Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wan Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang S, Zhang X. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three New Species of Phyllosticta ( Botryosphaeriales, Phyllostictaceae) in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:7. [PMID: 38248917 PMCID: PMC10816919 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Phyllosticta has been reported worldwide and contains many pathogenic and endophytic species isolated from a wide range of plant hosts. A multipoint phylogeny based on gene coding combinatorial data sets for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rDNA), translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α), actin (ACT), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), combined with morphological characteristics, was performed. We describe three new species, P. fujianensis sp. nov., P. saprophytica sp. nov., and P. turpiniae sp. nov., and annotate and discusse their similarities and differences in morphological relationships and phylogenetic phases with closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (Y.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (Y.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (Y.J.); (S.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Jiang ZR, Tanoue M, Masuya H, Smith SM, Cognato AI, Kameyama N, Kuroda K, Kajimura H. Fusarium kuroshium is the primary fungal symbiont of an ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus, and can kill mango tree in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21634. [PMID: 38062047 PMCID: PMC10703777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identifies fungi associated with Euwallacea fornicatus and determines whether these fungal species play the role of primary symbiont. E. fornicatus adults that emerged from the branches of infested trees in Okinawa main island, Japan, were collected and used to isolate fungi. Fusarium kuroshium and Penicillium citrinum were the most dominant fungal associates of females and males, respectively. F. kuroshium was much more frequently isolated from the head, including mycangia (fungus-carrying organs), of females than any other body parts. We inoculated healthy mango saplings with F. kuroshium or F. decemcellulare, both of which were symbionts of E. fornicatus females infesting mango trees. F. kuroshium decreased leaf stomatal conductance and rate of xylem sap-conduction area and increased length and area of xylem discoloration of the saplings, thereby weakening and killing some. These results suggest that F. kuroshium, a mycangial fungus of E. fornicatus, inhibits water flow in mango trees. This study is the first to report that F. kuroshium causes wilt disease in mango trees and that it is a primary fungal symbiont of E. fornicatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ru Jiang
- Laboratory of Forest Protection, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Momo Tanoue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hayato Masuya
- Department of Forest Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Sarah M Smith
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anthony I Cognato
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Norikazu Kameyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuroda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-0013, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kajimura
- Laboratory of Forest Protection, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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50
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Yang D, Du C, Zhang J, Pan L, Wei S, Jiang S, Li C, San CC, Huy ND, Ye Y, Fu G. Validation and Application of a Molecular Detection System for Fusarium Wilt of Banana in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3687-3692. [PMID: 37340555 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0618-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana is a devastating disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). It has restricted the development of the banana industry worldwide and is particularly serious in China because of the large planting areas and special planting patterns. However, there is no rapid and accurate approach to detect the Foc strains that specifically occur in China because of the rich genetic diversity observed in this pathosystem. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 10 previously published PCR primer pairs on 103 representative Foc strains in China and neighboring countries and screened out a set of primers (Foc-specific primer pair SIX9-Foc-F/R, Foc R1-specific primer pair SIX6b-210-F/R, Foc R4-specific primer pair Foc-1/2, and Foc TR4-specific primer pair W2987F/R) suitable for the detection of Foc strains in China and the surrounding Southeast Asian countries. Moreover, we developed a molecular detection system to accurately identify the different physiological races of Foc. The findings of this study provide technical support for preventing and controlling the spread of Fusarium wilt of banana in the field in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Chanjuan Du
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Lianfu Pan
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Shaolong Wei
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Shangbo Jiang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Cho Cho San
- Plant Pathology Research Section, Department of Agricultural Research, Naypyitaw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Nguyen Duc Huy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Yunfeng Ye
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Gang Fu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
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