1
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Shukla M, Malik S, Pandya A. Lab on chip for testing of repurposed drugs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 205:71-90. [PMID: 38789187 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The lab-on-chip technique broadly comprises of microfluidics and aims to progress multidimensionally by changing the outlook of medicine and pharmaceuticals as it finds it roots in miniaturization. Moreover, microfluidics facilitates precise physiological simulation and possesses biological system-mimicking capabilities for drug development and repurposing. Thus, organs on chip could pave a revolutionary pathway in the field of drug development and repurposing by reducing animal testing and improving drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Saloni Malik
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Pandya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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2
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Hajam MI, Khan MM. Microfluidics: a concise review of the history, principles, design, applications, and future outlook. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:218-251. [PMID: 38108438 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have garnered significant attention due to their ability to rapidly process samples and precisely manipulate fluids in assays, making them an attractive alternative to conventional experimental methods. With the potential for revolutionary capabilities in the future, this concise review provides readers with insights into the fascinating world of microfluidics. It begins by introducing the subject's historical background, allowing readers to familiarize themselves with the basics. The review then delves into the fundamental principles, discussing the underlying phenomena at play. Additionally, it highlights the different aspects of microfluidic device design, classification, and fabrication. Furthermore, the paper explores various applications, the global market, recent advancements, and challenges in the field. Finally, the review presents a positive outlook on trends and draws lessons to support the future flourishing of microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Hajam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India.
| | - Mohammad Mohsin Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India.
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3
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Riad A, Khorshidi B, Mansouri A, Sadrzadeh M. Transient electroosmotic-driven ionic current magnetic fields in a charged nano-capillary. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Liu Y, Sun L, Zhang H, Shang L, Zhao Y. Microfluidics for Drug Development: From Synthesis to Evaluation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7468-7529. [PMID: 34024093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures, microfluidics has emerged as a revolutionary technology in that it offers a miniaturized and highly controllable environment for bio(chemical) reactions to take place. It is also compatible with analytical strategies to implement integrated and high-throughput screening and evaluations. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the entire microfluidics-based drug development system, from drug synthesis to drug evaluation. The challenges in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed. We believe that this review will promote communications throughout diversified scientific and engineering communities that will continue contributing to this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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5
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Rodrigues CF, Azevedo NF, Miranda JM. Integration of FISH and Microfluidics. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2246:249-261. [PMID: 33576994 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1115-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suitable molecular methods for a faster microbial identification in food and clinical samples have been explored and optimized during the last decades. However, most molecular methods still rely on time-consuming enrichment steps prior to detection, so that the microbial load can be increased and reach the detection limit of the techniques.In this chapter, we describe an integrated methodology that combines a microfluidic (lab-on-a-chip) platform, designed to concentrate cell suspensions and speed up the identification process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and a peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) protocol optimized and adapted to microfluidics. Microfluidic devices with different geometries were designed, based on computational fluid dynamics simulations, and subsequently fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane by soft lithography. The microfluidic designs and PNA-FISH procedure described here are easily adaptable for the detection of other microorganisms of similar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João M Miranda
- CEFT - Transport Phenomena Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Grist SM, Mourdoukoutas AP, Herr AE. 3D projection electrophoresis for single-cell immunoblotting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6237. [PMID: 33277486 PMCID: PMC7718224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays and mass spectrometry are powerful single-cell protein analysis tools; however, interfacing and throughput bottlenecks remain. Here, we introduce three-dimensional single-cell immunoblots to detect both cytosolic and nuclear proteins. The 3D microfluidic device is a photoactive polyacrylamide gel with a microwell array-patterned face (xy) for cell isolation and lysis. Single-cell lysate in each microwell is “electrophoretically projected” into the 3rd dimension (z-axis), separated by size, and photo-captured in the gel for immunoprobing and confocal/light-sheet imaging. Design and analysis are informed by the physics of 3D diffusion. Electrophoresis throughput is > 2.5 cells/s (70× faster than published serial sampling), with 25 immunoblots/mm2 device area (>10× increase over previous immunoblots). The 3D microdevice design synchronizes analyses of hundreds of cells, compared to status quo serial analyses that impart hours-long delay between the first and last cells. Here, we introduce projection electrophoresis to augment the heavily genomic and transcriptomic single-cell atlases with protein-level profiling. Single-cell immunoblotting previously separated proteins on a polyacrylamide slab in the xy direction and was limited by throughput and sample consumption. Here the authors adapt the system to separate proteins in the z direction, allowing for closer spacing of sample wells and improved sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Grist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Andoni P Mourdoukoutas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.,UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA. .,UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Li J, Li D. Electroosmotic flow velocity in DNA modified nanochannels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:31-39. [PMID: 31181468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is systematically investigated in DNA grafted hard PDMS (h-PDMS) channels with size ranging from 50 nm to 2.5 μm by using the current-slope method. The effects of the DNA types, the incubation time in the process of surface modification, and the pH value, ionic concentration of electrolyte solutions, and the UV (ultraviolet) illumination on the velocity of electroosmotic flow are experimentally studied. It is found that the DNA type and the incubation time of DNAs affect the grafting density and the surface charge on the channel walls, thus influencing the EOF velocity. In the DNA modified channels, the pH effects on EOF velocity become less prominent compared with that in the pristine channels. On the contrary, UV illumination can increase the EOF velocity significantly in the DNA modified channels, whereas takes unapparent effects on EOF velocity in the pristine channels. The effects of ionic concentration on EOF are also studied in this paper. It is observed that EOF velocity is dependent on the channel size when the ionic concentration is low even without overlapped electric double layer (EDL) and is essentially independent of the channel size when the ionic concentration is high. Furthermore, with high ionic concentration and thin EDL, the EOF velocity can be enhanced by the coated DNA brushes on the channel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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8
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Li G, Wang S, Zhu Z, Chen A, Liu S. Cam-based vibration-counter-balanced laser-induced fluorescence scanner for multiplexed capillary detection. Talanta 2019; 198:398-403. [PMID: 30876578 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) rotary scanners have been successfully used for multiplexed capillary detection. However, these scanners have a limitation that the capillaries have to be assembled in a circular format, which can be inconvenient for certain applications. A linear LIF scanner works well for flat parallel capillary arrays, but motor accelerations/decelerations (for direction changes) and scanning head vibrations introduce high instrumental noises. The number of capillaries that can be scanned by a linear scanner is limited because of the above constraints. We have constructed a cam-based scanner in an attempt to address these issues. A cam-based scanner eliminates the motor accelerations/decelerations but not the scanning head vibrations. In this work, we attach a second scanning head to the cam on the opposite side of the first scanning head to counter-balance the mechanical vibrations. With this modification, we improve the limit of detection by more than 3 times (from 69 pM to 20 pM fluorescein). We also increase the capillary number capacity by more than 6 times; the total number of capillaries that can be scanned is 426 if 150-μm-o.d. capillaries are used or 320 if 200-μm-o.d. capillaries are used. To demonstrate the utility of this instrument, we assemble a 99-capillary array on one capillary holder and perform capillary electrophoresis of two fluorescent dyes; separations in all capillaries are successfully monitored simultaneously. We also apply it for detecting fluorescently labeled proteins resolved by 24 s-dimension capillaries in a chip-capillary hybrid device; two-dimensional separation results are nicely produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shili Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; PURSPEC Technologies Inc., 1 E. Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zaifang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; AB Sciex LLC, Brea, CA 92821, USA
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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9
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Ni Y, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Yamaguchi Y, Dou X. Study of the peak broadening due to detection in the electrophoretic separation of DNA by CE and microchip CE and the application of image sensor for ultra-small detection cell length. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2280-2288. [PMID: 31038284 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Narrow peaks are important to high-resolution and high-speed separation of DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis. Detection cell length is one of the broadening factors, which is often ignored in experiments. However, is it always safe to neglect detection cell length under any condition? To answer this question, we investigated the influence of detection cell length by simulation and experiments. A parameter named as detection cell length ratio was proposed to directly compare the detection cell length and the spatial length of sample band. Electrophoretic peaks generated by various detection cell length ratios were analyzed. A simple rule to evaluate the peak broadening due to detection cell length was obtained. The current states of the detection cell length of detection system and their reliabilities in capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis were analyzed. Microchip capillary electrophoresis detection with an ultra-small detection cell length of 0.36 μm was easily achieved by using an image sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Zhao
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Dou
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering, ChangZhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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10
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11
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Nasseri B, Soleimani N, Rabiee N, Kalbasi A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Point-of-care microfluidic devices for pathogen detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:112-128. [PMID: 29890393 PMCID: PMC6082696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of pathogens is crucial in the early stages of treatment of diseases where the choice of the correct drug can be critical. Although conventional cell culture-based techniques have been widely utilized in clinical applications, newly introduced optical-based, microfluidic chips are becoming attractive. The advantages of the novel methods compared to the conventional techniques comprise more rapid diagnosis, lower consumption of patient sample and valuable reagents, easy application, and high reproducibility in the detection of pathogens. The miniaturized channels used in microfluidic systems simulate interactions between cells and reagents in microchannel structures, and evaluate the interactions between biological moieties to enable diagnosis of microorganisms. The overarching goal of this review is to provide a summary of the development of microfluidic biochips and to comprehensively discuss different applications of microfluidic biochips in the detection of pathogens. New types of microfluidic systems and novel techniques for viral pathogen detection (e.g. HIV, HVB, ZIKV) are covered. Next generation techniques relying on high sensitivity, specificity, lower consumption of precious reagents, suggest that rapid generation of results can be achieved via optical based detection of bacterial cells. The introduction of smartphones to replace microscope based observation has substantially improved cell detection, and allows facile data processing and transfer for presentation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Nasseri
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Chemical Engineering Deptartment and Bioengineeing Division, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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12
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Zhang D, Bi H, Liu B, Qiao L. Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms by Microfluidics Based Analytical Methods. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5512-5520. [PMID: 29595252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics based biochemical analysis shows distinctive advantages for fast detection of pathogenic microorganisms. This Feature summarizes the progress in the past decade on microfluidic methods for purification and detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses as well as their applications in food safety control, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 200433
| | - Hongyan Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China 201306
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 200433
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 200433
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13
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Fabrication of Silicon Nanobelts and Nanopillars by Soft Lithography for Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Photonic Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7050109. [PMID: 28492474 PMCID: PMC5449990 DOI: 10.3390/nano7050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soft lithography allows for the simple and low-cost fabrication of nanopatterns with different shapes and sizes over large areas. However, the resolution and the aspect ratio of the nanostructures fabricated by soft lithography are limited by the depth and the physical properties of the stamp. In this work, silicon nanobelts and nanostructures were achieved by combining soft nanolithography patterning with optimized reactive ion etching (RIE) in silicon. Using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanopatterned layers with thicknesses ranging between 14 and 50 nm, we obtained silicon nanobelts in areas of square centimeters with aspect ratios up to ~1.6 and linewidths of 225 nm. The soft lithographic process was assisted by a thin film of SiOx (less than 15 nm) used as a hard mask and RIE. This simple patterning method was also used to fabricate 2D nanostructures (nanopillars) with aspect ratios of ~2.7 and diameters of ~200 nm. We demonstrate that large areas patterned with silicon nanobelts exhibit a high reflectivity peak in the ultraviolet C (UVC) spectral region (280 nm) where some aminoacids and peptides have a strong absorption. We also demonstrated how to tailor the aspect ratio and the wettability of these photonic surfaces (contact angles ranging from 8.1 to 96.2°) by changing the RIE power applied during the fabrication process.
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14
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Ni Y, Liu C, Chen J, Chen Q, Zhu X, Dou X. Effective length calibration method for processing the fluorescence signal detected by charge-coupled device in capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2054-2061. [PMID: 28252250 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel method named effective length calibration method has been developed to process the fluorescence signal detected by charge-coupled device during capillary electrophoresis. The new method treated each pixel as an individual point detector, and effectively binned a large number of pixels into a final electropherogram without losing the narrow detection window defined by a single pixel. Capillary electrophoresis separations of DNA were carried out and detected by charge-coupled device and conventional detector (photomultiplier tube). Detection properties including signal-to-noise ratio, peak width, detection frequency, and tilt of detector were investigated. It was found that the new method achieved much higher signal-to-noise ratio and smaller peak width than the conventional detector did. A Detection width of 0.5 μm was easily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, ChangZhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Dou
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering, ChangZhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang X, Romm M, Zheng X, Zink EM, Kim YM, Burnum-Johnson KE, Orton DJ, Apffel A, Ibrahim YM, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith JN, Ma J, Renslow RS, Thomas DG, Blackwell AE, Swinford G, Sausen J, Kurulugama RT, Eno N, Darland E, Stafford G, Fjeldsted J, Metz TO, Teeguarden JG, Smith RD, Baker ES. SPE-IMS-MS: An automated platform for sub-sixty second surveillance of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics in biofluids. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 2:1-10. [PMID: 29276770 PMCID: PMC5739065 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics is essential to deconvoluting the genetic and environmental causes of disease. However, surveillance of chemical exposure and disease-related changes in large cohorts requires an analytical platform that offers rapid measurement, high sensitivity, efficient separation, broad dynamic range, and application to an expansive chemical space. Here, we present a novel platform for small molecule analyses that addresses these requirements by combining solid-phase extraction with ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry (SPE-IMS-MS). This platform is capable of performing both targeted and global measurements of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics in human biofluids with high reproducibility (CV 6 3%), sensitivity (LODs in the pM range in biofluids) and throughput (10-s sample-to-sample duty cycle). We report application of this platform to the analysis of human urine from patients with and without type 1 diabetes, where we observed statistically significant variations in the concentration of disaccharides and previously unreported chemical isomers. This SPE-IMS-MS platform overcomes many of the current challenges of large-scale metabolomic and exposomic analyses and offers a viable option for population and patient cohort screening in an effort to gain insights into disease processes and human environmental chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Michelle Romm
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Erika M Zink
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Alex Apffel
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Jian Ma
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Ryan S Renslow
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Dennis G Thomas
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | | | - John Sausen
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | | | - Nathan Eno
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Ed Darland
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas O Metz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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16
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Total integrated slidable and valveless solid phase extraction-polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis microdevice for mini Y chromosome short tandem repeat genotyping. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:489-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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High-performance detection of somatic D-loop mutation in urothelial cell carcinoma patients by polymorphism ratio sequencing. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1015-24. [PMID: 27030170 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Utilizing a polymorphism ratio sequencing platform, we performed a complete somatic mutation analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop region in 14 urothelial cell carcinomas. A total of 28 somatic mutations, all heteroplasmic, were detected in 8 of 14 individuals (57.1 %). Insertion/deletion changes in unstable mono- and dinucleotide repeat segments comprise the most pervasive class of mutations (9 of 28), while two recurring single-base substitution loci were identified. Seven variants, mostly insertion/deletions, represent population shifts from a heteroplasmic germline toward dominance in the tumor. In four cases, DNA from matched urine samples was similarly analyzed, with all somatic variants present in associated tumors readily detectable in the bodily fluid. Consistent with previous findings, mutant populations in urine were similar to those detected in tumor and in three of four cases were more prominent in urine. KEY MESSAGES PRS accurately detects high mtDNA mutations in UCCs and their body fluids. mtDNA mutations are universally heteroplasmic and often appear at low levels. The PRS technology could be a viable approach to develop mitochondrial biomarkers.
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Guetschow ED, Kumar S, Lombard DB, Kennedy RT. Identification of sirtuin 5 inhibitors by ultrafast microchip electrophoresis using nanoliter volume samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:721-31. [PMID: 26635020 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a member of the sirtuin family of protein deacylases that catalyzes removal of post-translational modifications, such as succinyl and malonyl moieties, on lysine residues. In light of SIRT5's roles in regulating metabolism, and its reported oncogenic functions, SIRT5 modulators would be valuable tools for basic biological research and perhaps clinically. Several fluorescence assays for sirtuin modulators have been developed; however, the use of fluorogenic substrates has the potential to cause false positive results due to interactions of engineered substrates with enzyme or test compounds. Therefore, development of high-throughput screening (HTS) assays based on other methods is valuable. In this study, we report the development of a SIRT5 assay using microchip electrophoresis (MCE) for identification of SIRT5 modulators. A novel SIRT5 substrate based on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was developed to allow rapid and efficient separation of substrate and product peptide. To achieve high throughput, samples were injected onto the microchip using a droplet-based scheme. By coupling this approach to existing HTS sample preparation workflows, 1408 samples were analyzed at 0.5 Hz in 46 min. Using a 250 ms separation time, eight MCE injections could be made from each sample generating >11,000 electropherograms during analysis. Of the 1280 chemicals tested, eight were identified as inhibiting SIRT5 activity by at least 70% and verified by dose-response analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Guetschow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, 300 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The underlying physical properties of microfluidic tools have led to new biological insights through the development of microsystems that can manipulate, mimic and measure biology at a resolution that has not been possible with macroscale tools. Microsystems readily handle sub-microlitre volumes, precisely route predictable laminar fluid flows and match both perturbations and measurements to the length scales and timescales of biological systems. The advent of fabrication techniques that do not require highly specialized engineering facilities is fuelling the broad dissemination of microfluidic systems and their adaptation to specific biological questions. We describe how our understanding of molecular and cell biology is being and will continue to be advanced by precision microfluidic approaches and posit that microfluidic tools - in conjunction with advanced imaging, bioinformatics and molecular biology approaches - will transform biology into a precision science.
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20
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Grinias JP, Kennedy RT. Evaluation of 5 µm Superficially Porous Particles for Capillary and Microfluidic LC Columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:502-514. [PMID: 26714261 PMCID: PMC4669065 DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-size (4–5 µm) superficially porous particles yield lower plate heights (e.g., the minimal reduced plate height or hmin ≈ 1.5) than fully porous particles of a similar size when packed into large-bore columns. This property allows for better chromatographic performance without the higher pressures required for smaller particles. This study explores the use of such particles in microfluidic LC columns where materials and fitting pressure limits can constrain the size of particle used. The theoretically predicted performance improvements compared to fully porous particles were not demonstrated in capillary columns (with hmin ≈ 2 for both particle types), in agreement with previous studies that examined smaller superficially porous particles. Microfluidic columns were then compared to capillary columns. Capillary columns significantly outperformed microfluidic columns due to imperfections imposed by microfluidic channel asymmetry and world-to-chip connection at the optimal flow rate; however, superficially porous particles packed in microfluidic LC columns had flatter plate height versus flow rate curves indicating potential for better performance at high reduced velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-734-615-4376
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21
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Guetschow ED, Steyer DJ, Kennedy RT. Subsecond electrophoretic separations from droplet samples for screening of enzyme modulators. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10373-9. [PMID: 25233947 PMCID: PMC4204908 DOI: 10.1021/ac502758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
High-throughput
screening (HTS) using multiwell plates and fluorescence
plate readers is a powerful tool for drug discovery and evaluation
by allowing tens of thousands of assays to be completed in 1 day.
Although this method has been successful, electrophoresis-based methods
for screening are also of interest to avoid difficulties associated
fluorescence assays such as requirements to engineer fluorogenic reactions
and false positives. We have developed a method using droplet microfluidics
to couple multiwell plate-based assays to microchip electrophoresis
(MCE) to screen enzyme modulators. Samples contained in multiwell
plates are reformatted in to plugs with a sample volume of 8 nL segmented
by an immiscible oil. The segmented flow sample streams are coupled
to a hybrid polydimethylsiloxane–glass microfluidic device
capable of selectively extracting the aqueous samples from the droplet
stream and rapidly analyzing by MCE with laser-induced fluorescence
detection. This system was demonstrated by screening a test library
of 140 compounds against using protein kinase A. For each sample in
the screen, two droplets are generated, allowing approximately 6 MCE
injections per sample. Using a 1 s separation at 2000 V/cm, we are
able to analyze 96 samples in 12 min. Separation resolution between
the internal standard, substrate, and product is 1.2 and average separation
efficiency is 16 000 plates/s using real samples. Twenty-five
compounds were identified as modulators during primary screening and
verified using dose–response curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Guetschow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Chung M, Kim D, Herr AE. Polymer sieving matrices in microanalytical electrophoresis. Analyst 2014; 139:5635-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Bithi SS, Wang WS, Sun M, Blawzdziewicz J, Vanapalli SA. Coalescing drops in microfluidic parking networks: A multifunctional platform for drop-based microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:034118. [PMID: 25379078 PMCID: PMC4162452 DOI: 10.1063/1.4885079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiwell plate and pipette systems have revolutionized modern biological analysis; however, they have disadvantages because testing in the submicroliter range is challenging, and increasing the number of samples is expensive. We propose a new microfluidic methodology that delivers the functionality of multiwell plates and pipettes at the nanoliter scale by utilizing drop coalescence and confinement-guided breakup in microfluidic parking networks (MPNs). Highly monodisperse arrays of drops obtained using a hydrodynamic self-rectification process are parked at prescribed locations in the device, and our method allows subsequent drop manipulations such as fine-gradation dilutions, reactant addition, and fluid replacement while retaining microparticles contained in the sample. Our devices operate in a quasistatic regime where drop shapes are determined primarily by the channel geometry. Thus, the behavior of parked drops is insensitive to flow conditions. This insensitivity enables highly parallelized manipulation of drop arrays of different composition, without a need for fine-tuning the flow conditions and other system parameters. We also find that drop coalescence can be switched off above a critical capillary number, enabling individual addressability of drops in complex MPNs. The platform demonstrated here is a promising candidate for conducting multistep biological assays in a highly multiplexed manner, using thousands of submicroliter samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastika S Bithi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, USA
| | - William S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, USA
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79401-1021, USA
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, USA
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24
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Rauch JN, Nie J, Buchholz TJ, Gestwicki JE, Kennedy RT. Development of a capillary electrophoresis platform for identifying inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9824-31. [PMID: 24060167 DOI: 10.1021/ac4023082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methods for identifying chemical inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are often prone to discovery of false positives, particularly those caused by molecules that induce protein aggregation. Thus, there is interest in developing new platforms that might allow earlier identification of these problematic compounds. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been evaluated as a method to screen for PPI inhibitors using the challenging system of Hsp70 interacting with its co-chaperone Bag3. In the method, Hsp70 is labeled with a fluorophore, mixed with Bag3, and the resulting bound and free Hsp70 are separated and detected by CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The method used a chemically modified CE capillary to prevent protein adsorption. Inhibitors of the Hsp70-Bag3 interaction were detected by observing a reduction in the bound-to-free ratio. The method was used to screen a library of 3443 compounds, and the results were compared to those from a flow cytometry protein interaction assay. CE was found to produce a lower hit rate with more compounds that were reconfirmed in subsequent testing, suggesting greater specificity. This finding was attributed to the use of electropherograms to detect artifacts such as aggregators and to differences in protein modifications required to perform the different assays. Increases in throughput are required to make the CE method suitable for primary screens, but at the current stage of development it is attractive as a secondary screen to test hits found by higher-throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Rauch
- Department of Biological Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemistry, and the§ Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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25
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Nan H, Yoo DJ, Kang SH. Fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus DNA by multi-channel microchip electrophoresis with programmed step electric field strength. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:350-5. [PMID: 23233436 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A multi-channel microchip electrophoresis using a programmed step electric field strength (PSEFS) method was investigated for fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA. An expanded laser beam, a 10× objective lens, and a charge-coupled device camera were used to simultaneously detect the separations in three parallel channels using laser-induced fluorescence detection. The parallel separations of a 100-bp DNA ladder were demonstrated on the system using a sieving gel matrix of 0.5% poly(ethylene oxide) (M(r) = 8 000 000) in the individual channels. In addition, the PSEFS method was also applied for faster DNA separation without loss of resolving power. A DNA size marker, FPV DNA sample, and a negative control were simultaneously analyzed with single-run and one-step detection. The FPV DNA was clearly distinguished within 30 s, which was more than 100 times faster than with conventional slab gel electrophoresis. The proposed multi-channel microchip electrophoresis with PSEFS was demonstrated to be a simple and powerful diagnostic method to analyze multiple disease-related DNA fragments in parallel with high speed, throughput, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Nan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kerékgyártó M, Kerekes T, Tsai E, Amirkhanian VD, Guttman A. Light-emitting diode induced fluorescence (LED-IF) detection design for a pen-shaped cartridge based single capillary electrophoresis system. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2752-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Márta Kerékgyártó
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Tamás Kerekes
- Clinical Genomics Centre; Medical and Health Science Center; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Eric Tsai
- BiOptic, Inc.; New Taipei City; Taiwan; Republic of China
| | | | - András Guttman
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences; University of Debrecen; Hungary
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27
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Nan H, Lee SW, Kang SH. Fast screening of rice knockout mutants by multi-channel microchip electrophoresis. Talanta 2012; 97:249-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Kitazoe K, Park YS, Kaji N, Okamoto Y, Tokeshi M, Kogure K, Harashima H, Baba Y. Fabrication of functionalized double-lamellar multifunctional envelope-type nanodevices using a microfluidic chip with a chaotic mixer array. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39057. [PMID: 22723929 PMCID: PMC3377610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional envelope-type nanodevices (MENDs) are very promising non-viral gene delivery vectors because they are biocompatible and enable programmed packaging of various functional elements into an individual nanostructured liposome. Conventionally MENDs have been fabricated by complicated, labor-intensive, time-consuming bulk batch methods. To avoid these problems in MEND fabrication, we adopted a microfluidic chip with a chaotic mixer array on the floor of its reaction channel. The array was composed of 69 cycles of the staggered chaotic mixer with bas-relief structures. Although the reaction channel had very large Péclet numbers (>10(5)) favorable for laminar flows, its chaotic mixer array led to very small mixing lengths (<1.5 cm) and that allowed homogeneous mixing of MEND precursors in a short time. Using the microfluidic chip, we fabricated a double-lamellar MEND (D-MEND) composed of a condensed plasmid DNA core and a lipid bilayer membrane envelope as well as the D-MEND modified with trans-membrane peptide octaarginine. Our lab-on-a-chip approach was much simpler, faster, and more convenient for fabricating the MENDs, as compared with the conventional bulk batch approaches. Further, the physical properties of the on-chip-fabricated MENDs were comparable to or better than those of the bulk batch-fabricated MENDs. Our fabrication strategy using microfluidic chips with short mixing length reaction channels may provide practical ways for constructing more elegant liposome-based non-viral vectors that can effectively penetrate all membranes in cells and lead to high gene transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Kitazoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yeon-Su Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- FIRST Research Center for Innovative Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- FIRST Research Center for Innovative Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- FIRST Research Center for Innovative Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- FIRST Research Center for Innovative Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- FIRST Research Center for Innovative Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Japan
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29
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Quantitative analysis of molecular absorption into PDMS microfluidic channels. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:1862-73. [PMID: 22484830 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices fabricated using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer are routinely used for in vitro cell culture for a wide range of cellular assays. These assays typically involve the incubation of cultured cells with a drug molecule or a fluorescent marker while monitoring a cellular response. The accuracy of these assays depends on achieving a consistent and reproducible concentration of solute molecules in solution. However, hydrophobic therapeutic and fluorescent molecules tend to diffuse into the PDMS walls of the microfluidic devices, which reduce their concentration in solution and consequently affect the accuracy and reliability of these assays. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the relationship between the partition coefficient (log P) of a series of markers routinely used in in vitro cellular assays including [3H]-dexamethasone, [3H]-diazepam, [14C]-mannitol, [3H]-phenytoin, and rhodamine 6G and their absorption into PDMS microfluidic channels. Our results show that the absorption of a given solute into PDMS depends on the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance defined by its log P value. Specifically, results demonstrate that molecules with log P less than 2.47 exhibit minimal absorption (<10%) into PDMS channels whereas molecules with log P larger than 2.62 exhibit extensive absorption (>90%) into PDMS channels. Further investigations showed that TiO(2) and glass coatings of PDMS channels reduced the absorption of hydrophobic molecules (log P > 2.62) by 2- and 4.5-folds, respectively.
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30
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Su J, Ren K, Dai W, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Wu H. A prototypic system of parallel electrophoresis in multiple capillaries coupled with microwell arrays. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3324-30. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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AL-Othman ZA, Ali I. NANO CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN MICROCHIPS: A NEED OF THE PRESENT CENTURY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.566031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. AL-Othman
- a Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- b Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia, (Central University) , New Delhi, India
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32
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Dimov IK, Kijanka G, Park Y, Ducrée J, Kang T, Lee LP. Integrated microfluidic array plate (iMAP) for cellular and molecular analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2701-10. [PMID: 21709914 PMCID: PMC4143330 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Just as the Petri dish has been invaluable to the evolution of biomedical science in the last 100 years, microfluidic cell assay platforms have the potential to change significantly the way modern biology and clinical science are performed. However, an evolutionary process of creating an efficient microfluidic array for many different bioassays is necessary. Specifically for a complete view of a cell response it is essential to incorporate cytotoxic, protein and gene analysis on a single system. Here we present a novel cellular and molecular analysis platform, which allows access to gene expression, protein immunoassay, and cytotoxicity information in parallel. It is realized by an integrated microfluidic array plate (iMAP). The iMAP enables sample processing of cells, perfusion based cell culture, effective perturbation of biologic molecules or drugs, and simultaneous, real-time optical analysis for different bioassays. The key features of the iMAP design are the interface of on-board gravity driven flow, the open access input fluid exchange and the highly efficient sedimentation based cell capture mechanism (∼100% capture rates). The operation of the device is straightforward (tube and pump free) and capable of handling dilute samples (5-cells per experiment), low reagent volumes (50 nL per reaction), and performing single cell protein and gene expression measurements. We believe that the unique low cell number and triple analysis capabilities of the iMAP platform can enable novel dynamic studies of scarce cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K. Dimov
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, NCSR, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Tel: +56 32 2686848
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, NCSR, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Younggeun Park
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Center, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Tel: +1-510-642-5855
| | - Jens Ducrée
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, NCSR, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Center, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Tel: +1-510-642-5855
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Yu M, Wang Q, Patterson JE, Woolley AT. Multilayer polymer microchip capillary array electrophoresis devices with integrated on-chip labeling for high-throughput protein analysis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3541-7. [PMID: 21449615 DOI: 10.1021/ac200254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is desirable to have inexpensive, high-throughput systems that integrate multiple sample analysis processes and procedures, for applications in biology, chemical analysis, drug discovery, and disease screening. In this paper, we demonstrate multilayer polymer microfluidic devices with integrated on-chip labeling and parallel electrophoretic separation of up to eight samples. Microchannels were distributed in two different layers and connected through interlayer through-holes in the middle layer. A single set of electrophoresis reservoirs and one fluorescent label reservoir address parallel analysis units for up to eight samples. Individual proteins and a mixture of cancer biomarkers have been successfully labeled on-chip and separated in parallel with this system. A detection limit of 600 ng/mL was obtained for heat shock protein 90. Our integrated on-chip labeling microdevices show great potential for low-cost, simplified, rapid, and high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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34
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Application of microfluidic technology to pancreatic islet research: first decade of endeavor. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1729-44. [PMID: 21083325 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-cells respond to blood glucose by secreting insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. Perifusion enables manipulation of biological and chemical cues in elucidating the mechanisms of β-cell physiology. Recently, microfluidic devices made of polydimethylsiloxane and Borofloat glass have been developed as miniaturized perifusion setups and demonstrated distinct advantages over conventional techniques in resolving rapid secretory and metabolic waveforms intrinsic to β-cells. In order to enhance sensing and monitoring capabilities, these devices have been integrated with analytical tools to increase assay throughput. The spatio-temporal resolutions of these analyses have been improved through enhanced flow control, valves and compartmentalization. For the first time, this review provides an overview of current devices used in islet studies and analyzes their strengths and experimental suitability. To realize the potential of microfluidic islet applications, it is essential to bridge the gap in design and application between engineers and biologists through the creation of standardized bioassays and user-friendly interfaces.
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35
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Hopwood AJ, Hurth C, Yang J, Cai Z, Moran N, Lee-Edghill JG, Nordquist A, Lenigk R, Estes MD, Haley JP, McAlister CR, Chen X, Brooks C, Smith S, Elliott K, Koumi P, Zenhausern F, Tully G. Integrated microfluidic system for rapid forensic DNA analysis: sample collection to DNA profile. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6991-9. [PMID: 20704389 DOI: 10.1021/ac101355r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a conduit for the delivery of a step change in the DNA analysis process: A fully integrated instrument for the analysis of multiplex short tandem repeat DNA profiles from reference buccal samples is described and is suitable for the processing of such samples within a forensic environment such as a police custody suite or booking office. The instrument is loaded with a DNA processing cartridge which incorporates on-board pumps and valves which direct the delivery of sample and reagents to the various reaction chambers to allow DNA purification, amplification of the DNA by PCR, and collection of the amplified product for delivery to an integral CE chip. The fluorescently labeled product is separated using micro capillary electrophoresis with a resolution of 1.2 base pairs (bp) allowing laser induced fluorescence-based detection of the amplified short tandem repeat fragments and subsequent analysis of data to produce a DNA profile which is compatible with the data format of the UK DNA database. The entire process from taking the sample from a suspect, to database compatible DNA profile production can currently be achieved in less than 4 h. By integrating such an instrument and microfluidic cartridge with the forensic process, we believe it will be possible in the near future to process a DNA sample taken from an individual in police custody and compare the profile with the DNA profiles held on a DNA Database in as little as 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hopwood
- Research and Development, Forensic Science Service, Trident Court 2960 Solihull Parkway, Birmingham Business Park, Birmingham, UK B37 7YN.
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36
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Scherer JR, Liu P, Mathies RA. Design and operation of a portable scanner for high performance microchip capillary array electrophoresis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:113105. [PMID: 21133459 DOI: 10.1063/1.3502457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a compact, laser-induced fluorescence detection scanner, the multichannel capillary array electrophoresis portable scanner (McCAEPs) as a platform for electrophoretic detection and control of high-throughput, integrated microfluidic devices for genetic and other analyses. The instrument contains a confocal optical system with a rotary objective for detecting four different fluorescence signals, a pneumatic system consisting of two pressure/vacuum pumps and 28 individual addressable solenoid valves for control of on-chip microvalves and micropumps, four Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) temperature control systems, and four high voltage power supplies for electrophoresis. The detection limit of the instrument is ~20 pM for on-chip capillary electrophoresis of fluorescein dyes. To demonstrate the system performance for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, two experiments were conducted: (i) electrophoretic separation and detection of STR samples on a 96-lane microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis microchip. Fully resolved PowerPlex(®) 16 STR profiles amplified from 1 ng of 9947A female standard DNA were successfully obtained; (ii) nine-plex STR amplification, sample injection, separation, and fluorescence detection of 100-copy 9948 male standard DNA in a single integrated PCR- capillary electrophoresis microchip. These results demonstrate that the McCAEPs can be used as a versatile control and detection instrument that operates integrated microfluidic devices for high-performance forensic human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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37
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Minas G, Wolffenbuttel RF, Correia JH. MCM-based microlaboratory for simultaneous measurement of several biochemical parameters by spectrophotometry. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 12:727-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Nikcevic I, Piruska A, Wehmeyer KR, Seliskar CJ, Limbach PA, Heineman WR. Parallel separations using capillary electrophoresis on a multilane microchip with multiplexed laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2796-803. [PMID: 20737446 PMCID: PMC3031587 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parallel separations using CE on a multilane microchip with multiplexed LIF detection is demonstrated. The detection system was developed to simultaneously record data on all channels using an expanded laser beam for excitation, a camera lens to capture emission, and a CCD camera for detection. The detection system enables monitoring of each channel continuously and distinguishing individual lanes without significant crosstalk between adjacent lanes. Multiple analytes can be determined in parallel lanes within a single microchip in a single run, leading to increased sample throughput. The pK(a) determination of small molecule analytes is demonstrated with the multilane microchip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - William R. Heineman
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. . Tel: (513) 556-9210. Fax: (513) 556-9239
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39
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Yang W, Woolley AT. Integrated Multi-process Microfluidic Systems for Automating Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:198-209. [PMID: 20514343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have been applied extensively in rapid sample analysis. Some current challenges for standard microfluidic systems are relatively high detection limits, and reduced resolving power and peak capacity compared to conventional approaches. The integration of multiple functions and components onto a single platform can overcome these separation and detection limitations of microfluidics. Multiplexed systems can greatly increase peak capacity in multidimensional separations and can increase sample throughput by analyzing many samples simultaneously. On-chip sample preparation, including labeling, preconcentration, cleanup and amplification, can all serve to speed up and automate processes in integrated microfluidic systems. This paper summarizes advances in integrated multi-process microfluidic systems for automated analysis, their benefits and areas for needed improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
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40
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Jensen EC, Bhat BP, Mathies RA. A digital microfluidic platform for the automation of quantitative biomolecular assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:685-91. [PMID: 20221555 DOI: 10.1039/b920124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A digital microfluidic platform for the automation of quantitative, multi-step biomolecular assays is developed and optimized. The platform consists of a 2-dimensional array of microvalves that can be programmed to perform reagent routing, mixing, rinsing, serial dilution, and many other operations using nanolitre scale volumes of sample. Discrete transfer of fluid between microvalves is characterized using gravimetric flow analysis and optimized to achieve maximum efficiency. Protocols for on-chip reagent mixing and serial dilution are optimized to achieve linearity over a 1000-fold dilution range. These optimized programs are used to develop a rapid, quantitative assay for hydrogen peroxide, a biomarker of oxidative stress. A sub-micromolar limit of detection is demonstrated with an 8.5 min program runtime, thus establishing this platform as an effective tool for the automation of multi-step bioassays. The programmability of this system enables rapid development of diverse assay protocols on a common chip format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Jensen
- Department of Biophysics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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41
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Wu A, Wang L, Jensen E, Mathies R, Boser B. Modular integration of electronics and microfluidic systems using flexible printed circuit boards. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:519-21. [PMID: 20126694 DOI: 10.1039/b922830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems offer an attractive alternative to conventional wet chemical methods with benefits including reduced sample and reagent volumes, shorter reaction times, high-throughput, automation, and low cost. However, most present microfluidic systems rely on external means to analyze reaction products. This substantially adds to the size, complexity, and cost of the overall system. Electronic detection based on sub-millimetre size integrated circuits (ICs) has been demonstrated for a wide range of targets including nucleic and amino acids, but deployment of this technology to date has been limited due to the lack of a flexible process to integrate these chips within microfluidic devices. This paper presents a modular and inexpensive process to integrate ICs with microfluidic systems based on standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology to assemble the independently designed microfluidic and electronic components. The integrated system can accommodate multiple chips of different sizes bonded to glass or PDMS microfluidic systems. Since IC chips and flex PCB manufacturing and assembly are industry standards with low cost, the integrated system is economical for both laboratory and point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wu
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, 497 Cory Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1774, USA
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42
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Zhou J, Ellis AV, Voelcker NH. Recent developments in PDMS surface modification for microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Miranda JM, Teixeira JA, Vicente AA, Correia JH, Minas G. Improving alternate flow mixing by obstacles located along a micro-channel. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:7034-6. [PMID: 19964194 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An essential requirement for any practical fully integrated lab-on-a-chip device is the ability to mix two or more fluids thoroughly and efficiently, i.e., in a reasonable amount of time. This paper presents a way to improve mixing in microfluidic systems combining alternate flows with obstacles using passive mixers. Numerical simulations show that the layers of high and low solute concentration, created by the alternate flow, are split into smaller chunks of fluid, due to the obstacles inserted in the mixing channel, increasing the contact area between high and low concentration regions and decreasing the critical mixing length. This improvement can lead to shorter mixing channels and to low-cost mixers fabricated by planar lithographic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Miranda
- University of Minho, Biological Engineering Center, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Li B, Jiang L, Xie H, Gao Y, Qin J, Lin B. Development of micropump-actuated negative pressure pinched injection for parallel electrophoresis on array microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3053-3057. [PMID: 19681052 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A micropump-actuated negative pressure pinched injection method is developed for parallel electrophoresis on a multi-channel LIF detection system. The system has a home-made device that could individually control 16-port solenoid valves and a high-voltage power supply. The laser beam is excitated and distributes to the array separation channels for detection. The hybrid Glass-PDMS microfluidic chip comprises two common reservoirs, four separation channels coupled to their respective pneumatic micropumps and two reference channels. Due to use of pressure as a driving force, the proposed method has no sample bias effect for separation. There is only one high-voltage supply needed for separation without relying on the number of channels, which is significant for high-throughput analysis, and the time for sample loading is shortened to 1 s. In addition, the integrated micropumps can provide the versatile interface for coupling with other function units to satisfy the complicated demands. The performance is verified by separation of DNA marker and Hepatitis B virus DNA samples. And this method is also expected to show the potential throughput for the DNA analysis in the field of disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xie
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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45
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Microfluidic chip: Next-generation platform for systems biology. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Sukas S, Elif Erson A, Sert C, Kulah H. A parylene‐based dual channel micro‐electrophoresis system for rapid mutation detection via heteroduplex analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3752-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sertan Sukas
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Elif Erson
- Biology Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Sert
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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47
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Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY, Gupta VK. Microchip-Based Nano Chromatography and Nano Capillary Electrophoresis in Genomics and Proteomics. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Turhan A, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Lin M, Miele L, Lee G, Mentzer SJ. Effect of intraluminal pillars on particle motion in bifurcated microchannels. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:426-33. [PMID: 18807100 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A central feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the development of an intravascular pillar that bridges the opposing sides of the microvessel lumen. In this report, we created polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) microchannels with geometric proportions based on corrosion casts of the colon microcirculation. The structure of the PDMS microchannels was a bifurcated channel with an intraluminal pillar in the geometric center of the bifurcation. The effect of the intraluminal pillar on particle flow paths was investigated using an in vitro perfusion system. The microchannels were perfused with fluorescent particles, and the particle movements were recorded using fluorescence videomicroscopy. We found that the presence of an intravascular pillar significantly decreased particle velocity in the bifurcation system (p < 0.05). In addition, the pillar altered the trajectory of particles in the center line of the flow stream. The particle trajectory resulted in prolonged pillar contact as well as increased residence time within the bifurcation system (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the intravascular pillar not only provides a mechanism of increasing resistance to blood flow but may also participate in spatial redistribution of cells within the flow stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Turhan
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Dishinger JF, Kennedy RT. Multiplexed detection and applications for separations on parallel microchips. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3296-305. [PMID: 18702055 PMCID: PMC2597776 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Much work has been performed since the development of the lab-on-a-chip concept that has brought microfabricated systems to the forefront of bioanalytical research. The success of using these microchips for performing complicated biological assays faster and cheaper than conventional methods has facilitated their emerging popularity among researchers. A recently exploited advantage of microfabricated technology has led to the creation of single wafers with multiple channel manifolds for high-throughput experiments. Efforts toward parallel microchip development have yielded fascinating new devices for chemical separations showing the potential for replacing conventional multiplexing techniques. This review will focus on recent work toward multiplexed separations on microdevices and complementary detection instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Abstract
Computer control of Darwinian evolution has been demonstrated by propagating a population of RNA enzymes in a microfluidic device. The RNA population was challenged to catalyze the ligation of an oligonucleotide substrate under conditions of progressively lower substrate concentrations. A microchip-based serial dilution circuit automated an exponential growth phase followed by a 10-fold dilution, which was repeated for 500 log-growth iterations. Evolution was observed in real time as the population adapted and achieved progressively faster growth rates over time. The final evolved enzyme contained a set of 11 mutations that conferred a 90-fold improvement in substrate utilization, coinciding with the applied selective pressure. This system reduces evolution to a microfluidic algorithm, allowing the experimenter to observe and manipulate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Paegel
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gerald F Joyce
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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