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Chandrasekaran V, Wellens S, Bourguignon A, Djidrovski I, Fransen L, Ghosh S, Mazidi Z, Murphy C, Nunes C, Singh P, Zana M, Armstrong L, Dinnyés A, Grillari J, Grillari-Voglauer R, Leonard MO, Verfaillie C, Wilmes A, Zurich MG, Exner T, Jennings P, Culot M. Evaluation of the impact of iPSC differentiation protocols on transcriptomic signatures. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105826. [PMID: 38615723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have the potential to produce desired target cell types in vitro and allow for the high-throughput screening of drugs/chemicals at population level thereby minimising the cost of drug discovery and drug withdrawals after clinical trials. There is a substantial need for the characterisation of the iPSC derived models to better understand and utilise them for toxicological relevant applications. In our study, iPSC (SBAD2 or SBAD3 lines obtained from StemBANCC project) were differentiated towards toxicologically relevant cell types: alveolar macrophages, brain capillary endothelial cells, brain cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, lung airway epithelium, monocytes, podocytes and renal proximal tubular cells. A targeted transcriptomic approach was employed to understand the effects of differentiation protocols on these cell types. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) separated most of the intended target cell types and undifferentiated iPSC models as distinct groups with a high correlation among replicates from the same model. Based on PCA, the intended target cell types could also be separated into the three germ layer groups (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Differential expression analysis (DESeq2) presented the upregulated genes in each intended target cell types that allowed the evaluation of the differentiation to certain degree and the selection of key differentiation markers. In conclusion, these data confirm the versatile use of iPSC differentiated cell types as standardizable and relevant model systems for in vitro toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Wellens
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Aurore Bourguignon
- BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ivo Djidrovski
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Leonie Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE) Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zahra Mazidi
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cormac Murphy
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pranika Singh
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE) Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maxime Culot
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France.
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Reis E Sousa C, Yamasaki S, Brown GD. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in innate immune recognition. Immunity 2024; 57:700-717. [PMID: 38599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses. Their intricate signaling pathways orchestrate a spectrum of cellular responses, influencing processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Beyond their contributions to host defense in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, myeloid CLRs have been implicated in non-infectious diseases such as cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity. A nuanced understanding of myeloid CLR interactions with endogenous and microbial triggers is starting to uncover the context-dependent nature of their roles in innate immunity, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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3
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Chen H, Chen E, Lu Y, Xu Y. Identification of immune-related genes in diagnosing retinopathy of prematurity with sepsis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Genet 2023; 14:1264873. [PMID: 38028617 PMCID: PMC10667920 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1264873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that immune system dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and sepsis. This study aims to identify key diagnostic candidate genes in ROP with sepsis. Methods: We obtained publicly available data on ROP and sepsis from the gene expression omnibus database. Differential analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key module genes. Subsequently, we conducted functional enrichment analysis to gain insights into the biological functions and pathways. To identify immune-related pathogenic genes and potential mechanisms, we employed several machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest (RF). We evaluated the diagnostic performance using nomogram and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, we used CIBERSORT to investigate immune cell dysregulation in sepsis and performed cMAP analysis to identify potential therapeutic drugs. Results: The sepsis dataset comprised 352 DEGs, while the ROP dataset had 307 DEGs and 420 module genes. The intersection between DEGs for sepsis and module genes for ROP consisted of 34 genes, primarily enriched in immune-related pathways. After conducting PPI network analysis and employing machine learning algorithms, we pinpointed five candidate hub genes. Subsequent evaluation using nomograms and ROC curves underscored their robust diagnostic potential. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed immune cell dysregulation. Finally, through cMAP analysis, we identified some small molecule compounds that have the potential for sepsis treatment. Conclusion: Five immune-associated candidate hub genes (CLEC5A, KLRB1, LCN2, MCEMP1, and MMP9) were recognized, and the nomogram for the diagnosis of ROP with sepsis was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enguang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Furuya H, Nguyen CT, Gu R, Hsieh SL, Maverakis E, Adamopoulos IE. Interleukin-23 Regulates Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis via Activation of CLEC5A(+) Osteoclast Precursors. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1477-1489. [PMID: 36787107 PMCID: PMC10423744 DOI: 10.1002/art.42478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in pathologic bone remodeling in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS In this study we investigated the role of IL-23 in osteoclast differentiation and activation using in vivo gene transfer techniques in wild-type and myeloid DNAX-activation protein 12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1)-deficient mice, and by performing in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis assays using spectral flow cytometry, micro-computed tomography analysis, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Herein, we show that IL-23 induces the expansion of a myeloid osteoclast precursor population and supports osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in inflammatory arthritis. Genetic ablation of C-type lectin domain family member 5A, also known as MDL-1, prevents the induction of osteoclast precursors by IL-23 that is associated with bone destruction, as commonly observed in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, osteoclasts derived from the bone marrow of MDL-1-deficient mice showed impaired osteoclastogenesis, and MDL-1-/- mice had increased bone mineral density. CONCLUSION Our data show that IL-23 signaling regulates the availability of osteoclast precursors in inflammatory arthritis that could be effectively targeted for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
| | - Ran Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
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Wang HW, Li HH, Wu SC, Tang CK, Yu HY, Chang YC, Sung PS, Liu WL, Su MP, Yu GY, Huang LR, Chen CH, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A mediates Zika virus-induced testicular damage. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:12. [PMID: 36803804 PMCID: PMC9936774 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is clinically known to induce testicular swelling, termed orchitis, and potentially impact male sterility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous reports suggested that C-type lectins play important roles in mediating virus-induced inflammatory reactions and pathogenesis. We thus investigated whether C-type lectins modulate ZIKV-induced testicular damage. METHODS C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) knockout mice were generated in a STAT1-deficient immunocompromised background (denoted clec5a-/-stat1-/-) to enable testing of the role played by CLEC5A after ZIKV infection in a mosquito-to-mouse disease model. Following ZIKV infection, mice were subjected to an array of analyses to evaluate testicular damage, including ZIKV infectivity and neutrophil infiltration estimation via quantitative RT-PCR or histology and immunohistochemistry, inflammatory cytokine and testosterone detection, and spermatozoon counting. Furthermore, DNAX-activating proteins for 12 kDa (DAP12) knockout mice (dap12-/-stat1-/-) were generated and used to evaluate ZIKV infectivity, inflammation, and spermatozoa function in order to investigate the potential mechanisms engaged by CLEC5A. RESULTS Compared to experiments conducted in ZIKV-infected stat1-/- mice, infected clec5a-/-stat1-/- mice showed reductions in testicular ZIKV titer, local inflammation and apoptosis in testis and epididymis, neutrophil invasion, and sperm count and motility. CLEC5A, a myeloid pattern recognition receptor, therefore appears involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV-induced orchitis and oligospermia. Furthermore, DAP12 expression was found to be decreased in the testis and epididymis tissues of clec5a-/-stat1-/- mice. As for CLEC5A deficient mice, ZIKV-infected DAP12-deficient mice also showed reductions in testicular ZIKV titer and local inflammation, as well as improved spermatozoa function, as compared to controls. CLEC5A-associated DAP12 signaling appears to in part regulate ZIKV-induced testicular damage. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses reveal a critical role for CLEC5A in ZIKV-induced proinflammatory responses, as CLEC5A enables leukocytes to infiltrate past the blood-testis barrier and induce testicular and epididymal tissue damage. CLEC5A is thus a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of injuries to male reproductive organs in ZIKV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Wang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Han Li
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Shih-Cheng Wu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10048 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10021 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Tang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Program of Plant Protection and Health, Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402202 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Yu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Chang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Sung
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Liu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Matthew P. Su
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XInstitute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Haure-Mirande JV, Audrain M, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Microglial TYROBP/DAP12 in Alzheimer's disease: Transduction of physiological and pathological signals across TREM2. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:55. [PMID: 36002854 PMCID: PMC9404585 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TYROBP (also known as DAP12 or KARAP) is a transmembrane adaptor protein initially described as a receptor-activating subunit component of natural killer (NK) cells. TYROBP is expressed in numerous cell types, including peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts, but a key point of recent interest is related to the critical role played by TYROBP in the function of many receptors expressed on the plasma membrane of microglia. TYROBP is the downstream adaptor and putative signaling partner for several receptors implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including SIRP1β, CD33, CR3, and TREM2. TYROBP has received much of its current notoriety because of its importance in brain homeostasis by signal transduction across those receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of evidence indicating that the biology of TYROBP extends beyond its interaction with these four ligand-binding ectodomain-intramembranous domain molecules. In addition to reviewing the structure and localization of TYROBP, we discuss our recent progress using mouse models of either cerebral amyloidosis or tauopathy that were engineered to be TYROBP-deficient or TYROBP-overexpressing. Remarkably, constitutively TYROBP-deficient mice provided a model of genetic resilience to either of the defining proteinopathies of AD. Learning behavior and synaptic electrophysiological function were preserved at normal physiological levels even in the face of robust cerebral amyloidosis (in APP/PSEN1;Tyrobp-/- mice) or tauopathy (in MAPTP301S;Tyrobp-/- mice). A fundamental underpinning of the functional synaptic dysfunction associated with each proteotype was an accumulation of complement C1q. TYROBP deficiency prevented C1q accumulation associated with either proteinopathy. Based on these data, we speculate that TYROBP plays a key role in the microglial sensome and the emergence of the disease-associated microglia (DAM) phenotype. TYROBP may also play a key role in the loss of markers of synaptic integrity (e.g., synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity) that has long been held to be the feature of human AD molecular neuropathology that most closely correlates with concurrent clinical cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the NIA-Designated Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, Bronx NY 10468 USA
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Chen R, Wu W, Chen SY, Liu ZZ, Wen ZP, Yu J, Zhang LB, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Zeng WJ, Cheng Q. A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals CLEC5A as a Biomarker for Cancer Immunity and Prognosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831542. [PMID: 35979347 PMCID: PMC9376251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CLEC5A is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily. It can activate macrophages and lead to a series of immune-inflammation reactions. Previous studies reveal the role of CLEC5A in infection and inflammation diseases. Method We acquire and analyze data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and other comprehensive databases via GSCALite, cBioPortal, and TIMER 2.0 platforms or software. Single-cell sequencing analysis was performed for quantifying the tumor microenvironment of several types of cancers. Results CLEC5A is differentially expressed in a few cancer types, of which overexpression accompanies low overall survival of patients. DNA methylation mainly negatively correlates with CLEC5A expression. Moreover, CLEC5A is positively related to immune infiltration, including macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Immune checkpoint genes are significantly associated with CLEC5A expression in diverse cancers. In addition, CLEC5A expression correlates with mismatch repair (MMR) in several cancers. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigens show a positive association with CLEC5A expression in several cancers. Furthermore, CLEC5A in cancer correlates with signal transduction, the immune system, EMT, and apoptosis process. The drug sensitivity analysis screens out potential therapeutic agents associated with CLEC5A expression, including FR-180204, Tivozanib, OSI-930, Linifanib, AC220, VNLG/124, Bexarotene, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, narciclasine, leptomycin B, PHA-793887, LRRK2-IN-1, and CR-1-31B. Conclusion CLEC5A overexpresses in multiple cancers in contrast to normal tissues, and high CLEC5A expression predicts poor prognosis of patients and immune infiltration. CLEC5A is a potential prognostic biomarker of diverse cancers and a target for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long-Bo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Wen-Jing Zeng,
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Wen-Jing Zeng,
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Ding Y, Li H, Xu L, Wang Y, Yang H. Identification and Validation of Prognostic Biomarkers Specifically Expressed in Macrophage in IgA Nephropathy Patients Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:884588. [PMID: 35601837 PMCID: PMC9117719 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.884588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. The inflammation cascade due to the infiltration and activation of immune cells in glomeruli plays an essential role in the progression of IgAN. In this study, we aimed to identify hub genes involved in immune infiltration and explore potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in IgAN. Methods: We combined the single-cell and bulk transcriptome profiles of IgAN patients and controls with clinical data. Through single-cell analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in the bulk profile, we identified cell-type-specific potential hub genes in IgAN. Real hub genes were extracted via validation analysis and clinical significance analysis of the correlation between the expression levels of genes and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the external dataset. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to predict the probable roles of the real hub genes in IgAN. Results: A total of eleven cell clusters were classified via single-cell analysis, among which macrophages showed a variable proportion between the IgAN and normal control samples. We recognized six functional co-expression gene modules through WGCNA, among which the black module was deemed an IgAN-related and immune-involving module via GO enrichment analysis. DEG analysis identified 45 potential hub genes from genes enriched in GO terms. A total of twenty-three potential hub genes were specifically expressed in macrophages. Furthermore, we validated the differential expression of the 23 potential hub genes in the external dataset and identified nine genes with prognostic significance as real hub genes, viz., CSF1R, CYBB, FPR3, GPR65, HCLS1, IL10RA, PLA2G7, TYROBP, and VSIG4. The real hub gens are thought to contribute to immune cell regulation, immunoreaction, and regulation of oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and material metabolism. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that macrophages infiltrated the glomeruli and contributed to the inflammatory response in IgAN. Based on integrated bioinformatics analyses of single-cell and bulk transcriptome data, we highlighted nine genes as novel prognostic biomarkers, which may enable the development of innovative prognostic and therapeutic strategies for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiying Yang,
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9
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Schön K, Lindenwald DL, Monteiro JT, Glanz J, Jung K, Becker SC, Lepenies B. Vector and Host C-Type Lectin Receptor (CLR)-Fc Fusion Proteins as a Cross-Species Comparative Approach to Screen for CLR-Rift Valley Fever Virus Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063243. [PMID: 35328665 PMCID: PMC8954825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which causes diseases in humans and livestock. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) represent a superfamily of pattern recognition receptors that were reported to interact with diverse viruses and contribute to antiviral immune responses but may also act as attachment factors or entry receptors in diverse species. Human DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are known to interact with RVFV and to facilitate viral host cell entry, but the roles of further host and vector CLRs are still unknown. In this study, we present a CLR–Fc fusion protein library to screen RVFV–CLR interaction in a cross-species approach and identified novel murine, ovine, and Aedes aegypti RVFV candidate receptors. Furthermore, cross-species CLR binding studies enabled observations of the differences and similarities in binding preferences of RVFV between mammalian CLR homologues, as well as more distant vector/host CLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Schön
- Institute for Parasitology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany;
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (D.L.L.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Dimitri L. Lindenwald
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (D.L.L.); (J.T.M.)
| | - João T. Monteiro
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (D.L.L.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Julien Glanz
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (J.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (J.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Stefanie C. Becker
- Institute for Parasitology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.C.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (D.L.L.); (J.T.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.B.); (B.L.)
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10
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Kedage V, Ellerman D, Fei M, Liang WC, Zhang G, Cheng E, Zhang J, Chen Y, Huang H, Lee WP, Wu Y, Yan M. CLEC5a-directed bispecific antibody for effective cellular phagocytosis. MAbs 2022; 14:2040083. [PMID: 35293277 PMCID: PMC8932924 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by activating Fcγ receptor is a key mechanism underlying many antibody drugs, their full therapeutic activities can be restricted by the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). Here, we describe a bispecific antibody approach that harnesses phagocytic receptor CLEC5A (C-type Lectin Domain Containing 5A) to drive Fcγ receptor-independent phagocytosis, potentially circumventing the negative impact of FcγRIIB. First, we established the effectiveness of such an approach by constructing bispecific antibodies that simultaneously target CLEC5A and live B cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated its in vivo application for regulatory T cell depletion and subsequent tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Kedage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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Fischer S, Stegmann F, Gnanapragassam VS, Lepenies B. From structure to function – Ligand recognition by myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5790-5812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Shishkina GT, Gulyaeva NV, Lanshakov DA, Kalinina TS, Onufriev MV, Moiseeva YV, Sukhareva EV, Babenko VN, Dygalo NN. Identifying the Involvement of Pro-Inflammatory Signal in Hippocampal Gene Expression Changes after Experimental Ischemia: Transcriptome-Wide Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1840. [PMID: 34944656 PMCID: PMC8698395 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cerebral ischemia induces distant inflammation in the hippocampus; however, molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain obscure. Here, hippocampal gene expression profiles were compared in two experimental paradigms in rats: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and intracerebral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The main finding is that 10 genes (Clec5a, CD14, Fgr, Hck, Anxa1, Lgals3, Irf1, Lbp, Ptx3, Serping1) may represent key molecular links underlying acute activation of immune cells in the hippocampus in response to experimental ischemia. Functional annotation clustering revealed that these genes built the same clusters related to innate immunity/immunity/innate immune response in all MCAO differentially expressed genes and responded to the direct pro-inflammatory stimulus group. The gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses also indicate that LPS-responding genes were the most abundant among the genes related to "positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process", "cell adhesion", "TNF signaling pathway", and "phagosome" as compared with non-responding ones. In contrast, positive and negative "regulation of cell proliferation" and "HIF-1 signaling pathway" mostly enriched with genes that did not respond to LPS. These results contribute to understanding genomic mechanisms of the impact of immune/inflammatory activation on expression of hippocampal genes after focal brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina T. Shishkina
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.G.); (M.V.O.); (Y.V.M.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Lanshakov
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Tatyana S. Kalinina
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Mikhail V. Onufriev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.G.); (M.V.O.); (Y.V.M.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Moiseeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.G.); (M.V.O.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Sukhareva
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Vladimir N. Babenko
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Nikolay N. Dygalo
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
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13
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Wang X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Shen D, Tao G. CLEC5A knockdown protects against the cardiac dysfunction after Myocardial infarction by suppressing macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:655-665. [PMID: 33939927 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptotic cell death play vital roles in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI), a common cardiovascular disease characterized with cardiac dysfunction. C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) is reported to strongly associate with activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. In this study, in vivo MI model was established by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery on male C57BL/6 mice, and CLEC5A knockdown was further achieved by intra-myocardial injection of adenovirus delivering shRNA-CLEC5A. CLEC5A was found to be highly expressed in left ventricular of MI mice, while CLEC5A knockdown conversely alleviated the cardiac dysfunction in MI mice. Besides, MI-induced classical activation of macrophages was significantly inhibited after CLEC5A silencing. Additionally, CLEC5A knockdown dramatically inhibited MI-triggered activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and NF-κB signaling in left ventricular of mice. In vitro experiment further validated that CLEC5A knockdown suppressed M1 polarization in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and inhibited the polarized RAW264.7-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis signaling in co-cultured cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, CLEC5A knockdown protects against the MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome and cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Soochow University Medical College, 74565, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China;
| | - Yu Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, China;
| | - Yaguang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China;
| | - Dapeng Shen
- Fuxin Central Hospital, Fuxin, Liaoning, China;
| | - Guizhou Tao
- Soochow University Medical College, 74565, Suzhou, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China;
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14
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Identification of Potential Key lncRNAs in the Context of Mouse Myeloid Differentiation by Systematic Transcriptomics Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050630. [PMID: 33922442 PMCID: PMC8146222 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation is a well-orchestrated process by many regulators such as transcription factor and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, due to the large number of lncRNAs and the difficulty in determining their roles, the study of lncRNAs is a considerable challenge in hematopoietic differentiation. Here, through gene co-expression network analysis over RNA-seq data generated from representative types of mouse myeloid cells, we obtained a catalog of potential key lncRNAs in the context of mouse myeloid differentiation. Then, employing a widely used in vitro cell model, we screened a novel lncRNA, named Gdal1 (Granulocytic differentiation associated lncRNA 1), from this list and demonstrated that Gdal1 was required for granulocytic differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of Cebpe, a principal transcription factor of granulocytic differentiation regulation, led to down-regulation of Gdal1, but not vice versa. In addition, expression of genes involved in myeloid differentiation and its regulation, such as Cebpa, were influenced in Gdal1 knockdown cells with differentiation blockage. We thus systematically identified myeloid differentiation associated lncRNAs and substantiated the identification by investigation of one of these lncRNAs on cellular phenotype and gene regulation levels. This study promotes our understanding of the regulation of myeloid differentiation and the characterization of roles of lncRNAs in hematopoietic system.
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15
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Liu T, Zhu B, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yin J, Li X, Jiang L, Hodges AP, Rosenthal SB, Zhou L, Yancey J, McQuade A, Blurton-Jones M, Tanzi RE, Huang TY, Xu H. Multi-omic comparison of Alzheimer's variants in human ESC-derived microglia reveals convergence at APOE. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152099. [PMID: 32941599 PMCID: PMC7953740 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in many genes linked to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) show abundant expression in microglia, but relationships among these genes remain largely elusive. Here, we establish isogenic human ESC–derived microglia-like cell lines (hMGLs) harboring AD variants in CD33, INPP5D, SORL1, and TREM2 loci and curate a comprehensive atlas comprising ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and proteomics datasets. AD-like expression signatures are observed in AD mutant SORL1 and TREM2 hMGLs, while integrative multi-omic analysis of combined epigenetic and expression datasets indicates up-regulation of APOE as a convergent pathogenic node. We also observe cross-regulatory relationships between SORL1 and TREM2, in which SORL1R744X hMGLs induce TREM2 expression to enhance APOE expression. AD-associated SORL1 and TREM2 mutations also impaired hMGL Aβ uptake in an APOE-dependent manner in vitro and attenuated Aβ uptake/clearance in mouse AD brain xenotransplants. Using this modeling and analysis platform for human microglia, we provide new insight into epistatic interactions in AD genes and demonstrate convergence of microglial AD genes at the APOE locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yan Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jun Yin
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - LuLin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew P Hodges
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joel Yancey
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
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16
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Effect of CARD9 Deficiency on Neutrophil-Mediated Host Defense against Pulmonary Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00305-20. [PMID: 33020213 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00305-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative bacterium of community-acquired pneumonia. Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-2 (dectin-2), one of the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), was previously reported to play a pivotal role in host defense against pneumococcal infection through regulating phagocytosis by neutrophils while not being involved in neutrophil accumulation. In the present study, to elucidate the possible contribution of other CLRs to neutrophil accumulation, we examined the role of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9), a common adaptor molecule for signal transduction triggered by CLRs, in neutrophilic inflammatory response against pneumococcal infection. Wild-type (WT), CARD9 knockout (KO), and dectin-2 KO mice were infected intratracheally with pneumococcus, and the infected lungs were histopathologically analyzed to assess neutrophil accumulation at 24 h postinfection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were collected at the same time point to count the neutrophils and assess the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Neutrophil accumulation was significantly decreased in CARD9 KO mice, but not in dectin-2 KO mice. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) production in BALFs were also attenuated in CARD9 KO mice, but not in dectin-2 KO mice. Production of TNF-α and KC by alveolar macrophages stimulated with pneumococcal culture supernatants was significantly attenuated in CARD9 KO mice, but not in dectin-2 KO mice, compared to that in each group's respective control mice. In addition, pneumococcus-infected CARD9 KO mice showed larger bacterial burdens in the lungs than did WT mice. These data indicate that CARD9 is required for neutrophil migration after pneumococcal infection, as well as inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by alveolar macrophages, and suggest that a CLR distinct from dectin-2 may be involved in this response.
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17
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Elevated Expression of C-Type Lectin Domain Family 5-Member A (CLEC5A) and Its Relation to Inflammatory Parameters and Disease Course in Adult-Onset Still's Disease. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9473497. [PMID: 32377540 PMCID: PMC7195645 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9473497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin domain family 5-member A (CLEC5A) associates with adaptor DAP12 (DNAX activation protein 12) to form receptor complexes involved in inflammatory responses. We postulated a potential role of CLEC5A in the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and aimed to investigate CLEC5A expression and its association with activity parameters and disease course. In 34 AOSD patients and 12 healthy controls (HC), circulating levels of CLEC5A-expressing monocytes or granulocytes were determined by flow cytometry analysis, the mRNA expression of CLEC5A and DAP12 on PBMCs by quantitative PCR, and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA. AOSD patients had significantly higher percentages and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CLEC5A-expressing monocytes (median 62.1% and 3.20, respectively) or granulocytes (72.6% and 3.22, respectively) compared with HC (in monocytes: 17.0% and 0.65, both p < 0.001; in granulocytes: 67.3%, p < 0.05 and 0.90, p < 0.001; respectively). Patients also had significantly higher levels of CLEC5A mRNA expression on PBMCs compared with HC (median 1.77 vs. 0.68, p < 0.05). The levels of CLEC5A-expressing monocytes or granulocytes were positively associated with activity scores and levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in AOSD patients. The patients with a systemic pattern had significantly higher levels of CLEC5A-expressing granulocytes and IL-18 compared to those with a chronic articular pattern of disease course. After 6 months of therapy, levels of CLEC5A-expressing monocytes and granulocytes significantly declined, paralleling the decrease of AOSD activity. Elevated CLEC5A levels and their positive association with activity parameters suggest that CLEC5A is involved in the pathogenesis and may serve as an activity indicator of AOSD.
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18
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Sung PS, Chang WC, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A: A Promiscuous Pattern Recognition Receptor to Microbes and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:57-73. [PMID: 32152943 PMCID: PMC7121389 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CLEC5A is a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin that is highly expressed by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and interacts with virions directly, via terminal fucose and mannose moieties of viral glycans. CLEC5A also binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) disaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Compared to other C-type lectins (DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR) and TLRs, CLEC5A binds its ligands with relatively low affinities. However, CLEC5A forms a multivalent hetero-complex with DC-SIGN and other C-type lectins upon engagement with ligands, and thereby mediates microbe-induced inflammatory responses via activation of Syk. For example, in vivo studies in mouse models have demonstrated that CLEC5A is responsible for flaviviruses-induced hemorrhagic shock and neuroinflammation, and a CLEC5A polymorphism in humans is associated with disease severity following infection with dengue virus. In addition, CLEC5A is co-activated with TLR2 by Listeria and Staphylococcus. Furthermore, CLEC5A-postive myeloid cells are responsible for Concanavilin A-induced aseptic inflammatory reactions. Thus, CLEC5A is a promiscuous pattern recognition receptor in myeloid cells and is a potential therapeutic target for attenuation of both septic and aseptic inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yoshikawa FSY, Pietrobon AJ, Branco ACCC, Pereira NZ, Oliveira LMDS, Machado CM, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Zika Virus Infects Newborn Monocytes Without Triggering a Substantial Cytokine Response. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:32-40. [PMID: 30785182 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a clinically important flavivirus that can cause neurological disturbances in newborns. Here, we investigated comparatively the outcome of in vitro infection of newborn monocytes by ZIKV. We observed that neonatal cells show defective production of interleukin 1β, interleukin 10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in response to ZIKV, although they were as efficient as adult cells in supporting viral infection. Although CLEC5A is a classical flavivirus immune receptor, it is not essential to the cytokine response, but it regulates the viral load only in adult cells. Greater expression of viral entry receptors may create a favorable environment for viral invasion in neonatal monocytes. We are the first to suggest a role for CLEC5A in human monocyte infectivity and to show that newborn monocytes are interesting targets in ZIKV pathogenesis, owing to their ability to carry the virus with only a partial triggering of the immune response, creating a potentially favorable environment for virus-related pathologies in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina
| | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
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20
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CLEC5A promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:656-662. [PMID: 32033754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), as one of the most prevalent malignancies, contributes to the high morbidity and mortality worldwide. By analyzing the bioinformatics, qRT-PCR and IHC assays, we found that CLEC5A is overexpressed in GC and associated with poorer prognosis. CLEC5A silencing inhibits cell growth and DNA replication and induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics analyses and Western blotting revealed that CLEC5A depletion led to the dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CLEC5A-mediated GC proliferation and anti-apoptosis were impaired by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with LY294002. We hypothesize that CLEC5A is of vital importance to GC initiation and progression via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and that our results might represent promising therapeutic strategies for GC patients.
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21
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Effects of Gnathostoma spinigerum infective stage larva excretory-secretory products on NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture: focused on expressions of IFN-γ and killer cell lectin-like receptors. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1011-1021. [PMID: 31932913 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human gnathostomiasis is mainly caused by third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (G. spinigerum L3). Excretory-secretory products (ES) released from infective helminthic larvae are associated with larval migration and host immunity modulation. Natural killer (NK) cells have important immune functions against helminth infection. Currently, the effects of ES from G. spinigerum L3 (G. spinigerum ES) on NK cell activity are unclear. This study investigated whether G. spinigerum ES affected human NK cells. Human normal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were used to mimic immune cells within the circulation. PBMC were co-cultured with G. spinigerum ES (0.01-0.05 μg/ml) for 5 or 7 days. Levels of IFN-γ in cultured supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of mRNA encoding NK cell receptors, especially the C type killer cell lectin-like family (KLR; NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKG2D) and IFN-γ in ES induced PBMC were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). ES induced PBMC markedly decreased the levels of IFN-γ and increased the expressions of NKG2A and NKG2D on NK cells. In conclusion, low amounts of G. spinigerum ES modulated NK cells by downregulating the transcription of IFN-γ and upregulating the expressions of KLR (NKG2A and NKG2D receptors) during the 7-day observation period. These findings indicate more in-depth studies of NK cell function are required to better understand the mechanism involved in immune evasive strategies of human gnathostomiasis.
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Abstract
The respiratory tract is tasked with responding to a constant and vast influx of foreign agents. It acts as an important first line of defense in the innate immune system and as such plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of invading pathogens. While physical barriers like the mucociliary escalator exert their effects through the clearance of these pathogens, diverse and dynamic cellular mechanisms exist for the activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on a number of myeloid cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils found in the respiratory tract. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs that play a pivotal role in the innate immune response and its regulation to a variety of respiratory pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. This chapter will describe the function of both activating and inhibiting myeloid CLRs in the recognition of a number of important respiratory pathogens as well as the signaling events initiated by these receptors.
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Watanabe M, Omahdi Z, Yamasaki S. Direct Binding Analysis Between C-Type Lectins and Glycans Using Immunoglobulin Receptor Fusion Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:119-128. [PMID: 32306320 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectins bind to carbohydrate structures in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Some transmembrane forms of lectins act as innate immune receptors and induce signal transduction pathways in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Expressing these receptors in cells bearing a reporter gene is a useful tool to investigate ligand binding and recognition. However, it cannot be used to quantify the precise affinity of the interaction, and the involvement of other proteins remains a possibility. Direct binding between a receptor and its ligand can be investigated using an immunoglobulin receptor (Ig)-fused soluble protein. This binding can be assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry, and the fusion protein may also be used in a glycan array. In this chapter, we explain the generation of Ig fusion proteins and subsequent binding assays using these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zakaria Omahdi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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CLEC5A expressed on myeloid cells as a M2 biomarker relates to immunosuppression and decreased survival in patients with glioma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:669-679. [PMID: 31591460 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor in the central nervous system that portends a poor prognosis. Key genes negatively related to survival may provide targets for therapy to improve the outcome of glioma. Here, we report a protein-coding gene CLEC5A, which is the top 1 gene by univariate Cox regression analysis of 524 primary GBM samples. Expression of CLEC5A is significantly correlated with decreased overall survival in patients with glioma via large-scale analysis. An analysis of 2589 patient samples showed that CLEC5A expression is higher in (1) glioblastoma than in lower-grade glioma and nontumor tissue, (2) in the mesenchymal subtype than in other subtypes, and (3) in IDH1-wild type glioblastoma than in IDH1-mutated glioblastoma. Notably, this tumor-associated biomarker is expressed preferentially on myeloid cells over glioma cells. And it shows a strong co-expression with M2 macrophage biomarker. Furthermore, CLEC5A-associated genes are enriched in immunosuppressive biological processes. The silico flow cytometry also showed CLEC5A expression related to less tumor purity and more tumor-promoting leukocytes infiltration. In conclusion, we proposed a new M2 biomarker expressed on myeloid cells that may decrease survival in patients with glioma through immunosuppressive mechanisms.
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Gu C, Wang L, Zurawski S, Oh S. Signaling Cascade through DC-ASGPR Induces Transcriptionally Active CREB for IL-10 Induction and Immune Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:389-399. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fan HW, Ni Q, Fan YN, Ma ZX, Li YB. C-type lectin domain family 5, member A (CLEC5A, MDL-1) promotes brain glioblastoma tumorigenesis by regulating PI3K/Akt signalling. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12584. [PMID: 30834619 PMCID: PMC6536598 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma is the most common malignant glioma of all brain tumours. It is difficult to treat because of its poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and high recurrence rate after treatment. The aetiology of glioblastoma is a result of disorders of multiple factors. Depending on cell signal transduction, these glioblastoma-associated factors lead to cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Therefore, investigation of the potential factors which involved in the development of glioblastoma could provide a new target for the treatment of glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the transcript expression of CLEC5A in glioblastoma by accessing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). qRT-PCR was performed to detect the RNA expression of genes in cells and tissues, and Western blot was used to measure the protein levels (Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, BAX, PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, Akt and Akt phosphorylation) in tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Ki67 level and lung metastasis were determined by immunochemistry and H&E staining. RESULTS In this study, we found that CLEC5A was highly upregulated in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissues, which had an opposite relation with the overall patient survival. Downregulation of CLEC5A could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion via promoting apoptosis and G1 arrest. In contrast, overexpression of CLEC5A stimulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, we found that CLEC5A level was positively correlated with Akt phosphorylation level. Akt inhibitor or agonist could reverse the modulation effects of CLEC5A in glioblastoma. Moreover, In vivo results suggested that inhibition of CLEC5A significantly reduced tumour size, weight, cell proliferation ability and lung metastasis via inhibition of phosphorylation Akt. CONCLUSION Both in vitro and in vivo evidences supported that CLEC5A was involved in glioblastoma pathogenesis via regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, CLEC5A might serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of glioblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Ni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Ni Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Exploring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Induced Hepatic Injury Using Antibody-Mediated Type I Interferon Blockade in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01083-18. [PMID: 30111561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01083-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe hepatic injury in humans. However, the mechanism(s) causing this damage is poorly characterized. CCHFV produces an acute disease, including liver damage, in mice lacking type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling due to either STAT-1 gene deletion or disruption of the IFN-I receptor 1 gene. Here, we explored CCHFV-induced liver pathogenesis in mice using an antibody to disrupt IFN-I signaling. When IFN-I blockade was induced within 24 h postexposure to CCHFV, mice developed severe disease with greater than 95% mortality by 6 days postexposure. In addition, we observed increased proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, and liver enzymes in these mice. Extensive liver damage was evident by 4 days postexposure and was characterized by hepatocyte necrosis and the loss of CLEC4F-positive Kupffer cells. Similar experiments in CCHFV-exposed NOD-SCID-γ (NSG), Rag2-deficient, and perforin-deficient mice also demonstrated liver injury, suggesting that cytotoxic immune cells are dispensable for hepatic damage. Some apoptotic liver cells contained viral RNA, while other apoptotic liver cells were negative, suggesting that cell death occurred by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Protein and transcriptional analysis of livers revealed that activation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily members occurred by day 4 postexposure, implicating these molecules as factors in liver cell death. These data provide insights into CCHFV-induced hepatic injury and demonstrate the utility of antibody-mediated IFN-I blockade in the study of CCHFV pathogenesis in mice.IMPORTANCE CCHFV is an important human pathogen that is both endemic and emerging throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. A common feature of acute disease is liver injury ranging from mild to fulminant hepatic failure. The processes through which CCHFV induces severe liver injury are unclear, mostly due to the limitations of existing small-animal systems. The only small-animal model in which CCHFV consistently produces severe liver damage is mice lacking IFN-I signaling. In this study, we used antibody-mediated blockade of IFN-I signaling in mice to study CCHFV liver pathogenesis in various transgenic mouse systems. We found that liver injury did not depend on cytotoxic immune cells and observed extensive activation of death receptor signaling pathways in the liver during acute disease. Furthermore, acute CCHFV infection resulted in a nearly complete loss of Kupffer cells. Our model system provides insight into both the molecular and the cellular features of CCHFV hepatic injury.
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Early Events in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Entry. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7030068. [PMID: 30104482 PMCID: PMC6161159 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus, is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that can cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe neuroinvasive disease. Today, several killed and live vaccines are available in different parts of the globe for use in humans to prevent JEV-induced diseases, yet no antivirals are available to treat JEV-associated diseases. Despite the progress made in vaccine research and development, JEV is still a major public health problem in southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia, as well as northern Oceania, with the potential to become an emerging global pathogen. In viral replication, the entry of JEV into the cell is the first step in a cascade of complex interactions between the virus and target cells that is required for the initiation, dissemination, and maintenance of infection. Because this step determines cell/tissue tropism and pathogenesis, it is a promising target for antiviral therapy. JEV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein E, which binds virions to the cell surface (attachment), delivers them to endosomes (endocytosis), and catalyzes the fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes (membrane fusion), followed by the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm (uncoating). In this multistep process, a collection of host factors are involved. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the viral and cellular components involved in JEV entry into host cells, with an emphasis on the initial virus-host cell interactions on the cell surface.
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Del Fresno C, Iborra S, Saz-Leal P, Martínez-López M, Sancho D. Flexible Signaling of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:804. [PMID: 29755458 PMCID: PMC5932189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important sensors of self and non-self that work in concert with other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CLRs have been previously classified based on their signaling motifs as activating or inhibitory receptors. However, specific features of the ligand binding process may result in distinct signaling through a single motif, resulting in the triggering of non-canonical pathways. In addition, CLR ligands are frequently exposed in complex structures that simultaneously bind different CLRs and other PRRs, which lead to integration of heterologous signaling among diverse receptors. Herein, we will review how sensing by myeloid CLRs and crosstalk with heterologous receptors is modulated by many factors affecting their signaling and resulting in differential outcomes for immunity and inflammation. Finding common features among those flexible responses initiated by diverse CLR-ligand partners will help to harness CLR function in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Xavier-Carvalho C, Cardoso CC, de Souza Kehdy F, Pacheco AG, Moraes MO. Host genetics and dengue fever. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 56:99-110. [PMID: 29133029 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a major worldwide problem in tropical and subtropical areas; it is caused by four different viral serotypes, and it can manifest as asymptomatic, mild, or severe. Many factors interact to determine the severity of the disease, including the genetic profile of the infected patient. However, the mechanisms that lead to severe disease and eventually death have not been determined, and a great challenge is the early identification of patients who are more likely to progress to a worse health condition. Studies performed in regions with cyclic outbreaks such as Cuba, Brazil, and Colombia have demonstrated that African ancestry confers protection against severe dengue. Highlighting the host genetics as an important factor in infectious diseases, a large number of association studies between genetic polymorphisms and dengue outcomes have been published in the last two decades. The most widely used approach involves case-control studies with candidate genes, such as the HLA locus and genes for receptors, cytokines, and other immune mediators. Additionally, a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) identified SNPs associated with African ethnicity that had not previously been identified in case-control studies. Despite the increasing number of publications in America, Africa, and Asia, the results are quite controversial, and a meta-analysis is needed to assess the consensus among the studies. SNPs in the MICB, TNF, CD209, FcγRIIA, TPSAB1, CLEC5A, IL10 and PLCE1 genes are associated with the risk or protection of severe dengue, and the findings have been replicated in different populations. A thorough understanding of the viral, human genetic, and immunological mechanisms of dengue and how they interact is essential for effectively preventing dengue, but also managing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Xiong W, Wang H, Lu L, Xi R, Wang F, Gu G, Tao R. The macrophage C-type lectin receptor CLEC5A (MDL-1) expression is associated with early plaque progression and promotes macrophage survival. J Transl Med 2017; 15:234. [PMID: 29126450 PMCID: PMC5681784 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of early plaque progression are still elusive. Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1), also called CLEC5A, is a C-type lectin receptor implicated in the progression of multiple acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship between its level and atherosclerosis is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between macrophage MDL-1 expression and early atherosclerosis progression. Methods Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR and western blot were performed to analyze MDL-1 expression in aorta or mice macrophages. The role of MDL-1 in macrophage survival was further investigated by adenovirus infection and TUNEL assay. Results Significant MDL-1 expression was found in advanced human and apoE−/− mice atherosclerotic plaques, especially in lesional macrophages. In the model of atherosclerosis regression, we found MDL-1 expression was highly downregulated in lesional macrophages from ldlr−/− mouse regressive plaques, coincident with a reduction in lesional macrophage content and marker of M1 proinflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, we found MDL-1 was significantly expressed in inflammatory M1 subtype polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages. In vitro experiments, the level of MDL-1 was remarkably elevated in macrophages treated with pathophysiological drivers of plaque progression, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and hypoxia. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MDL-1 overexpression notably promoted macrophage survival and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression under ox-LDL stimulation, which suggested that it could maintain lesional macrophage survival and cause its accumulation. Conclusions This study firstly demonstrated that MDL-1 is mainly expressed in atherosclerotic lesional macrophages and increased macrophage MDL-1 expression is associated with early plaque progression and promotes macrophage survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1336-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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CLEC5A is a critical receptor in innate immunity against Listeria infection. Nat Commun 2017; 8:299. [PMID: 28824166 PMCID: PMC5563510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) is a pattern recognition receptor for members of the Flavivirus family and has critical functions in response to dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Here we show that CLEC5A is involved in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in response to Listeria monocytogenes. Inoculation of Clec5a−/− mice with L. monocytogenes causes rapid bacterial spreading, increased bacterial loads in the blood and liver, and severe liver necrosis. In these mice, IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF expression is inhibited, CCL2 is induced, and large numbers of CD11b+Ly6ChiCCR2hiCX3CR1low inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the liver. By day 5 of infection, these mice also have fewer IL-17A+ γδ T cells, severe liver necrosis and a higher chance of fatality. Thus, CLEC5A has a pivotal function in the activation of multiple aspects of innate immunity against bacterial invasion. The lectin receptor CLEC5A is a pattern recognition receptor that has been shown to detect dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus. Here the authors show that CLEC5A is needed for optimal ROS production, NET formation and other immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes in mice.
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33
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Xavier-Carvalho C, Cezar RDDS, Freire NM, Vasconcelos CMMD, Solorzano VEF, de Toledo-Pinto TG, Fialho LG, do Carmo RF, Vasconcelos LRS, Cordeiro MT, Baptista P, de Azeredo EL, da Cunha RV, de Souza LJ, Pacheco AG, Kubelka CF, Moura PMMFD, Moraes MO. Association of rs1285933 single nucleotide polymorphism in CLEC5A gene with dengue severity and its functional effects. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:649-656. [PMID: 28764923 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of the Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses, especially in the Americas, pose a global threat due to their rapid spread and difficulty controlling the vector. Extreme phenotypes are often observed, from asymptomatic to severe clinical manifestations, which are well-studied in dengue. Host variations are also important contributors to disease outcomes, and many case-control studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with severe dengue. Here, we found that the TC genotype and T-carriers for SNP rs1285933 in the C-type lectin superfamily member 5 (CLEC5A) gene was associated with severe dengue in a Northern Brazilian population (OR=2.75 and p-value=0.01, OR=2.11 and p-value=0.04, respectively). We also tested the functional effect of the CLEC5A protein and found that it is upregulated on the surface of human monocytes after in vitro dengue infection. CLEC5A was correlated with viral load inside the monocytes (Spearman r=0.55, p=0.008) and TNF production in culture supernatants (Spearman r=0.72, p=0.03). Analysis of mRNA in blood samples from DENV4-infected patients exhibiting mild symptoms showed that CLEC5A mRNA expression is correlated with TNF (r=0.67, p=0.0001) and other immune mediators. Monocytes from rs1285933 TT/TC individuals showed lower CLEC5A expression compared to CC genotypes. However, in these cells, CLEC5A was not correlated with TNF production. In summary, we confirmed that CLEC5A is genetically associated with dengue severity outcome, playing a central role during the immune response triggered by a dengue viral infection, and rs1285933 is a relevant SNP that is able to regulate signaling pathways after interactions between the dengue virus and CLEC5A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Xavier-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Naishe Matos Freire
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Gomes Fialho
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- Colegiado de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Luydson Richardson Silva Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Parasitologia, FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Baptista
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, FM, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luiz José de Souza
- Centro de Referência em Dengue e Faculdade de Medicina, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Muniz Mendes Freire de Moura
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Parasitologia, FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozorio Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Monteiro JT, Lepenies B. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Viral Recognition and Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2017; 9:E59. [PMID: 28327518 PMCID: PMC5371814 DOI: 10.3390/v9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of viral glycans by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity contributes to antiviral immune responses. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs capable of sensing glycans present in viral pathogens to activate antiviral immune responses such as phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and subsequent T cell activation. The ability of CLRs to elicit and shape adaptive immunity plays a critical role in the inhibition of viral spread within the host. However, certain viruses exploit CLRs for viral entry into host cells to avoid immune recognition. To block CLR interactions with viral glycoproteins, antiviral strategies may involve the use of multivalent glycan carrier systems. In this review, we describe the role of CLRs in antiviral immunity and we highlight their dual function in viral clearance and exploitation by viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- João T Monteiro
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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35
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Abstract
Triggering of cell-mediated immunity is largely dependent on the recognition of foreign or abnormal molecules by a myriad of cell surface-bound receptors. Many activating immune receptors do not possess any intrinsic signaling capacity but instead form noncovalent complexes with one or more dimeric signaling modules that communicate with a common set of kinases to initiate intracellular information-transfer pathways. This modular architecture, where the ligand binding and signaling functions are detached from one another, is a common theme that is widely employed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of immune systems. The evolutionary advantages of this highly adaptable platform for molecular recognition are visible in the variety of ligand-receptor interactions that can be linked to common signaling pathways, the diversification of receptor modules in response to pathogen challenges, and the amplification of cellular responses through incorporation of multiple signaling motifs. Here we provide an overview of the major classes of modular activating immune receptors and outline the current state of knowledge regarding how these receptors assemble, recognize their ligands, and ultimately trigger intracellular signal transduction pathways that activate immune cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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36
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Sprokholt J, Helgers LC, Geijtenbeek TBH. Innate immune receptors drive dengue virus immune activation and disease. Future Virol 2017; 13:287-305. [PMID: 29937918 PMCID: PMC6004600 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a worldwide disease with 400 million annual infections that can lead to septic shock and viral hemorrhagic fever with internal bleeding. These symptoms are the result of uncontrolled immune activation. Macrophages and dendritic cells are the main target of dengue virus (DENV) and the cellular source of cytokines associated with this immune activation. Macrophages and dendritic cells express several innate immune receptors that have been implicated in DENV immune activation, of which, CLEC5A, RIG-I and MDA5 are most important. Notably, activation of these receptors have profound effects on adaptive immune responses against DENV. This review will focus on how innate immune receptors drive DENV immune activation by inducing inflammatory cytokines and by activating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Sprokholt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, AMC, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne C Helgers
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, AMC, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis BH Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, AMC, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Humphrey MB, Nakamura MC. A Comprehensive Review of Immunoreceptor Regulation of Osteoclasts. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 51:48-58. [PMID: 26573914 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts require coordinated co-stimulation by several signaling pathways to initiate and regulate their cellular differentiation. Receptor activator for NF-κB ligand (RANKL or TNFSF11), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member, is the master cytokine required for osteoclastogenesis with essential co-stimulatory signals mediated by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-signaling adaptors, DNAX-associated protein 12 kDa size (DAP12) and FcεRI gamma chain (FcRγ). The ITAM-signaling adaptors do not have an extracellular ligand-binding domain and, therefore, must pair with ligand-binding immunoreceptors to interact with their extracellular environment. DAP12 pairs with a number of different immunoreceptors including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), myeloid DAP12-associated lectin (MDL-1), and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin 15 (Siglec-15); while FcRγ pairs with a different set of receptors including osteoclast-specific activating receptor (OSCAR), paired immunoglobulin receptor A (PIR-A), and Fc receptors. The ligands for many of these receptors in the bone microenvironment remain unknown. Here, we will review immunoreceptors known to pair with either DAP12 or FcRγ that have been shown to regulate osteoclastogenesis. Co-stimulation and the effects of ITAM-signaling have turned out to be complex, and now include paradoxical findings that ITAM-signaling adaptor-associated receptors can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) receptors can promote osteoclastogenesis. Thus, co-stimulation of osteoclastogenesis continues to reveal additional complexities that are important in the regulatory mechanisms that seek to maintain bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Humphrey
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th St., BRC209, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mary C Nakamura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Arthritis/Immunology Section, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement St 111R, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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CLEC5A-Mediated Enhancement of the Inflammatory Response in Myeloid Cells Contributes to Influenza Virus Pathogenicity In Vivo. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01813-16. [PMID: 27795434 PMCID: PMC5165214 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01813-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with influenza viruses exhibit mild to severe clinical outcomes as a result of complex virus-host interactions. Induction of inflammatory mediators via pattern recognition receptors may dictate subsequent host responses for pathogen clearance and tissue damage. We identified that human C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) interacts with the hemagglutinin protein of influenza viruses expressed on lentiviral pseudoparticles through lectin screening. Silencing CLEC5A gene expression, blocking influenza-CLEC5A interactions with anti-CLEC5A antibodies, or dampening CLEC5A-mediated signaling using a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor consistently reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines produced by human macrophages without affecting the replication of influenza A viruses of different subtypes. Infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages from CLEC5A-deficient mice showed reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IP-10 but elevated alpha interferon (IFN-α) compared to those of wild-type mice. The heightened type I IFN response in the macrophages of CLEC5A-deficient mice was associated with upregulated TLR3 mRNA after treatment with double-stranded RNA. Upon lethal challenges with a recombinant H5N1 virus, CLEC5A-deficient mice showed reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased immune cell infiltration in the lungs, and improved survival compared to the wild-type mice, despite comparable viral loads noted throughout the course of infection. The survival difference was more prominent at a lower dose of inoculum. Our results suggest that CLEC5A-mediated enhancement of the inflammatory response in myeloid cells contributes to influenza pathogenicity in vivo and may be considered a therapeutic target in combination with effective antivirals. Well-orchestrated host responses together with effective viral clearance are critical for optimal clinical outcome after influenza infections.
IMPORTANCE Multiple pattern recognition receptors work in synergy to sense viral RNA or proteins synthesized during influenza replication and mediate host responses for viral control. Well-orchestrated host responses may help to maintain the inflammatory response to minimize tissue damage while inducing an effective adaptive immune response for viral clearance. We identified that CLEC5A, a C-type lectin receptor which has previously been reported to mediate flavivirus-induced inflammatory responses, enhanced induction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in myeloid cells after influenza infections. CLEC5A-deficient mice infected with influenza virus showed reduced inflammation in the lungs and improved survival compared to that of the wild-type mice despite comparable viral loads. The survival difference was more prominent at a lower dose of inoculum. Collectively, our results suggest that dampening CLEC5A-mediated inflammatory responses in myeloid cells reduces immunopathogenesis after influenza infections.
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Santos Souza HF, da Silva Almeida B, Boscardin SB. Early dengue virus interactions: the role of dendritic cells during infection. Virus Res 2016; 223:88-98. [PMID: 27381061 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that affects approximately 400 million people annually, being the most prevalent human arthropod-borne disease. DENV infection causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic to dengue fever, and in some cases may evolve to the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The exact reasons why some patients do not have symptoms while others develop the severe forms of disease are still elusive, but gathered evidence showed correlation between a secondary infection with a heterologous DENV serotype and the occurrence of severe symptoms. Despite several advances, the mechanisms of DENV infection are still not completely elucidated, and efforts have been made to understand the development of immunity and/or pathology to DENV. When a mosquito transmits DENV, the virus is initially deposited in the skin, where mononuclear phagocytic cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), become infected. DCs play a critical role in the induction of immune responses, as they are able to rapidly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns, endocytose and process antigens, and efficiently activate naïve-T and B cells. Recent findings have shown that DCs serve as DENV targets, but they are also important mediators of immunity against the virus. In this review, we will briefly discuss DENV infection pathogenesis, and introduce DCs as central players in the induction of anti-DENV immune responses. Then, we will review in more detail how DENV interacts with and is sensed by DCs, with particular emphasis in two classes of receptors implicated in viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higo Fernando Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Vaccines, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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40
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Glycosylation of dengue virus glycoproteins and their interactions with carbohydrate receptors: possible targets for antiviral therapy. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1751-60. [PMID: 27068162 PMCID: PMC7087181 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus, an RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, affects 50 million individuals annually, and approximately 500,000-1,000,000 of these infections lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. With no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatments available to prevent dengue infection, dengue is considered a major public health problem in subtropical and tropical regions. The virus, like other enveloped viruses, uses the host's cellular enzymes to synthesize its structural (C, E, and prM/M) and nonstructural proteins (NS1-5) and, subsequently, to glycosylate these proteins to produce complete and functional glycoproteins. The structural glycoproteins, specifically the E protein, are known to interact with the host's carbohydrate receptors through the viral proteins' N-glycosylation sites and thus mediate the viral invasion of cells. This review focuses on the involvement of dengue glycoproteins in the course of infection and the virus' exploitation of the host's glycans, especially the interactions between host receptors and carbohydrate moieties. We also discuss the recent developments in antiviral therapies that target these processes and interactions, focusing specifically on the use of carbohydrate-binding agents derived from plants, commonly known as lectins, to inhibit the progression of infection.
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Huang YL, Chen ST, Liu RS, Chen YH, Lin CY, Huang CH, Shu PY, Liao CL, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A is critical for dengue virus-induced osteoclast activation and bone homeostasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1025-37. [PMID: 27033255 PMCID: PMC4992505 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Osteoclasts are bone tissue macrophages critical to maintain bone homeostasis. However, whether osteoclasts are susceptible to flaviviral infections and involved in dengue virus (DV)-induced disease pathogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we found that osteoclasts were preferentially susceptible to DV infection and produced similar amounts of cytokines and infectious virions as macrophages. Interestingly, DV-induced cytokine secretion and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFATc1 in osteoclast via the Syk-coupled myeloid C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A). Moreover, DV caused transient inflammatory reaction in bone tissue and upregulated osteolytic activity to release C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) from bone tissue. Furthermore, DV-induced osteolytic activity was attenuated in CLEC5A-deficient mice, and administration of antagonistic anti-CLEC5A mAb inhibited DV-activated osteolytic activity and reduced CTX-1 serum level in vivo. This observation suggests that osteoclasts serve as a novel target for DV, and transient upregulation of osteolytic activity may contribute to the clinical symptoms in dengue patients. Key messages Cultured osteoclasts were susceptible to DV infection. Osteoclasts produced similar amounts of cytokines and infectious virions as macrophages. DV induced nuclear translocation of NFATc1 in osteoclast via CLEC5A. DV caused transient inflammatory reaction in bone tissue and upregulated osteolytic activity. Antagonistic anti-CLEC5A mAb inhibited DV-activated osteolytic activity in vivo.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1409-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lang Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Medical School and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Divisions of Infectious Disease, Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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42
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Wortham BW, Eppert BL, Flury JL, Garcia SM, Donica WR, Osterburg A, Joyce-Shaikh B, Cua DJ, Borchers MT. Cutting Edge: CLEC5A Mediates Macrophage Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathologies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3227-31. [PMID: 26927798 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating disease with no effective therapies. We investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor, CLEC5A, in macrophage activation and pulmonary pathogenesis in a mouse model of COPD. We demonstrate that CLEC5A is expressed on alveolar macrophages in mice exposed long-term to cigarette smoke (CS), as well as in human smokers. We also show that CLEC5A-mediated activation of macrophages enhanced cytokine elaboration alone, as well as in combination with LPS or GM-CSF in CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, usingClec5a-deficient mice, we demonstrate that CS-induced macrophage responsiveness is mediated by CLEC5A, and CLEC5A is required for the development of inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and airspace enlargement. These findings suggest a novel mechanism that promotes airway inflammation and pathologies in response to CS exposure and identifies CLEC5A as a novel target for the therapeutic control of COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Wortham
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Bryan L Eppert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Jennifer L Flury
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Sara Morgado Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Walter R Donica
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Andrew Osterburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | | | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Michael T Borchers
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
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Das A, Chai JC, Yang CS, Lee YS, Das ND, Jung KH, Chai YG. Dual transcriptome sequencing reveals resistance of TLR4 ligand-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages to inflammation mediated by the BET inhibitor JQ1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16932. [PMID: 26582142 PMCID: PMC4652239 DOI: 10.1038/srep16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent macrophage activation is associated with the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines and chemokines, which may initiate or amplify inflammatory disorders. A novel synthetic BET inhibitor, JQ1, was proven to exert immunosuppressive activities in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for JQ1 molecular targets has not been undertaken. The present study aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory function and underlying genes that are targeted by JQ1 in LPS-stimulated primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) using global transcriptomic RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Among the annotated genes, transcriptional sequencing of BMDMs that were treated with JQ1 revealed a selective effect on LPS-induced gene expression in which the induction of cytokines/chemokines, interferon-stimulated genes, and prominent (transcription factors) TFs was suppressed. Additionally, we found that JQ1 reduced the expression of previously unidentified genes that are important in inflammation. Importantly, these inflammatory genes were not affected by JQ1 treatment alone. Furthermore, we confirmed that JQ1 reduced cytokines/chemokines in the supernatants of LPS treated BMDMs. Moreover, the biological pathways and gene ontology of the differentially expressed genes were determined in the JQ1 treatment of BMDMs. These unprecedented results suggest that the BET inhibitor JQ1 is a candidate for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular &Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Department of Molecular &Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular &Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Nando Dulal Das
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Structural &Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Institute of Natural Science &Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular &Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Guglielmelli P, Bisognin A, Saccoman C, Mannarelli C, Coppe A, Vannucchi AM, Bortoluzzi S. Small RNA Sequencing Uncovers New miRNAs and moRNAs Differentially Expressed in Normal and Primary Myelofibrosis CD34+ Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140445. [PMID: 26468945 PMCID: PMC4607157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic myeloid cancers thought to arise at the level of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. They include essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). All can progress to acute leukemia, but PMF carries the worst prognosis. Increasing evidences indicate that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) might plays an important role in hematologic malignancies, including MPN. To attain deeper knowledge of short RNAs (sRNAs) expression pattern in CD34+ cells and of their possible role in mediating post-transcriptional regulation in PMF, we sequenced with Illumina HiSeq2000 technology CD34+ cells from healthy subjects and PMF patients. We detected the expression of 784 known miRNAs, with a prevalence of miRNA up-regulation in PMF samples, and discovered 34 new miRNAs and 99 new miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs), in CD34+ cells. Thirty-seven small RNAs were differentially expressed in PMF patients compared with healthy subjects, according to microRNA sequencing data. Five miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-379-5p, and miR-543) were deregulated also in PMF granulocytes. Moreover, 3’-moR-128-2 resulted consistently downregulated in PMF according to RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data both in CD34+ cells and granulocytes. Target predictions of these validated small RNAs de-regulated in PMF and functional enrichment analyses highlighted many interesting pathways involved in tumor development and progression, such as signaling by FGFR and DAP12 and Oncogene Induced Senescence. As a whole, data obtained in this study deepened the knowledge of miRNAs and moRNAs altered expression in PMF CD34+ cells and allowed to identify and validate a specific small RNA profile that distinguishes PMF granulocytes from those of normal subjects. We thus provided new information regarding the possible role of miRNAs and, specifically, of new moRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bisognin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Mannarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Coppe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bortoluzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Malik M, Parikh I, Vasquez JB, Smith C, Tai L, Bu G, LaDu MJ, Fardo DW, Rebeck GW, Estus S. Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:52. [PMID: 26438529 PMCID: PMC4595327 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past five years, a series of large-scale genetic studies have revealed novel risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Analyses of these risk factors have focused attention upon the role of immune processes in AD, specifically microglial function. In this review, we discuss interpretation of genetic studies. We then focus upon six genes implicated by AD genetics that impact microglial function: TREM2, CD33, CR1, ABCA7, SHIP1, and APOE. We review the literature regarding the biological functions of these six proteins and their putative role in AD pathogenesis. We then present a model for how these factors may interact to modulate microglial function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Malik
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Ishita Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Jared B Vasquez
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Conor Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Leon Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Steven Estus
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Töpfer K, Cartellieri M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Müller N, Lindemann D, Bachmann M, Füssel M, Schackert G, Temme A. DAP12-based activating chimeric antigen receptor for NK cell tumor immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3201-12. [PMID: 25740942 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are emerging as new effectors for immunotherapy of cancer. In particular, the genetic engraftment of chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) in NK cells is a promising strategy to redirect NK cells to otherwise NK cell-resistant tumor cells. On the basis of DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), a signaling adaptor molecule involved in signal transduction of activating NK cell receptors, we generated a new type of CAR targeting the prostate stem cell Ag (PSCA). We demonstrate in this article that this CAR, designated anti-PSCA-DAP12, consisting of DAP12 fused to the anti-PSCA single-chain Ab fragment scFv(AM1) confers improved cytotoxicity to the NK cell line YTS against PSCA-positive tumor cells when compared with a CAR containing the CD3ζ signaling chain. Further analyses revealed phosphorylation of the DAP12-associated ZAP-70 kinase and IFN-γ release of CAR-engineered cells after contact with PSCA-positive target cells. YTS cells modified with DAP12 alone or with a CAR bearing a phosphorylation-defective ITAM were not activated. Notably, infused YTS cells armed with anti-PSCA-DAP12 caused delayed tumor xenograft growth and resulted in complete tumor eradication in a significant fraction of treated mice. The feasibility of the DAP12-based CAR was further tested in human primary NK cells and confers specific cytotoxicity against KIR/HLA-matched PSCA-positive tumor cells, which was further enhanced by KIR-HLA mismatches. We conclude that NK cells engineered with DAP12-based CARs are a promising tool for adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Töpfer
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Cartellieri
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Müller
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Füssel
- DKMS Life Science Lab, GmbH, 01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Kameda Y, Takahata M, Mikuni S, Shimizu T, Hamano H, Angata T, Hatakeyama S, Kinjo M, Iwasaki N. Siglec-15 is a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 2015; 71:217-26. [PMID: 25460183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is an immunoreceptor that regulates osteoclast development and bone resorption in association with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) adaptor protein, DNAX-activating protein 12kDa (DAP12). Although Siglec-15 has an important role in physiologic bone remodeling by modulating RANKL signaling, it is unclear whether it is involved in pathologic bone loss in which multiple osteoclastogenic factors participate in excessive osteoclastogenesis. Here we demonstrated that Siglec-15 is involved in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. WT and Siglec-15(-/-) mice were ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham-operated at 14wk of age and their skeletal phenotype was evaluated at 18 and 22wk of age. Siglec-15(-/-) mice showed resistance to estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss compared to WT mice. Although the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts increased after ovariectomy in both WT and Siglec-15(-/-) mice, the increase was lower in Siglec-15(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Importantly, osteoclasts in Siglec-15(-/-) mice were small and failed to spread on the bone surface, indicating impaired osteoclast differentiation. Because upregulated production of TNF-α as well as RANKL is mainly responsible for estrogen deficiency-induced development of osteoclasts, we examined whether Siglec-15 deficiency affects TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The TNF-α mediated induction of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was impaired in Siglec-15(-/-) cells, suggesting that Siglec-15 is involved in TNF-α induced osteoclastogenesis. We also confirmed that signaling through osteoclast-associated receptor/Fc receptor common γ chain, which is an alternative ITAM adaptor to DAP12, rescues multinucleation but not cytoskeletal organization of TNF-α and RANKL-induced Siglec-15(-/-) osteoclasts, indicating that the Siglec-15/DAP12 pathway is especially important for cytoskeletal organization of osteoclasts in both RANKL and TNF-α induced osteoclastogenesis. The present findings indicate that Siglec-15 is involved in estrogen deficiency-induced differentiation of osteoclasts and is thus a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kameda
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Mikuni
- Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamano
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Masataka Kinjo
- Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Shin HS, Sarin R, Dixit N, Wu J, Gershwin E, Bowman EP, Adamopoulos IE. Crosstalk among IL-23 and DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa-dependent pathways promotes osteoclastogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:316-24. [PMID: 25452564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IL-23 has been well studied in the context of T cell differentiation; however, its role in the differentiation of myeloid progenitors is less clear. In this paper, we describe a novel role of IL-23 in myeloid cell differentiation. Specifically, we have identified that in human PBMCs, IL-23 induces the expression of MDL-1, a PU.1 transcriptional target during myeloid differentiation, which orchestrates osteoclast differentiation through activation of DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa and its ITAMs. The molecular events that lead to the differentiation of human macrophages to terminally differentiated osteoclasts are dependent on spleen tyrosine kinase and phospholipase Cγ2 phosphorylation for the induction of intracellular calcium flux and the subsequent activation of master regulator osteoclast transcription factor NFATc1. IL-23-elicited osteoclastogenesis is independent of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand pathway and uses a unique myeloid DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa-associated lectin-1(+)/DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa(+) cell subset. Our data define a novel pathway that is used by IL-23 in myeloid cells and identify a major mechanism for the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seock Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ritu Sarin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Neha Dixit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Eric Gershwin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Edward P Bowman
- Discovery Research, Department of Immunology and Immunomodulatory Receptors, Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817
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What happens to microglial TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease: Immunoregulatory turned into immunopathogenic? Neuroscience 2014; 302:138-50. [PMID: 25281879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play major roles in initiation, coordination and execution of innate immunity in the brain. In the adult brain, these include maintenance of homeostasis, neuron and tissue repair, and eliminating infectious agents, apoptotic cells, and misfolded proteins. Some of these activities are accompanied by inflammatory reactions; and others are performed with no inflammatory effects. Under normal conditions, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) belongs to the second category. It pairs with the adaptor protein DNAX-activating protein of 12kDa (DAP12) to induce phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons without inflammatory responses, and to regulate Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses, and microglial activation. Although ligands for TREM2 are largely unknown, the mitochondrial heat shock protein 60, expressed on cell surface of apoptotic neurons, is a specific ligand that activates TREM2-mediated phagocytosis by microglia. TREM2 also phagocytoses amyloid beta peptide in cultured cells. Several TREM2 mutations have been identified recently that increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Some of these mutations cause impaired proteolysis of full-length TREM2 at the plasma membrane to different degrees. The defects in the intramembrane cleavage result in dysfunction of phagocytosis signaling. The association of TREM2 mutations with neurodegenerative disease also calls for the understanding of the biology and pathological role of non-mutated TREM2 on human brains and microglia. This review provides a summary of current literature in TREM2 and DAP12 from several aspects, and proposes a theory that loss of TREM2 functions might contribute to the immunopathogenic role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease.
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Iborra S, Sancho D. Signalling versatility following self and non-self sensing by myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Immunobiology 2014; 220:175-84. [PMID: 25269828 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Among myeloid immune receptors, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have a remarkable capacity to sense a variety of self and non-self ligands. The coupling of CLRs to different signal transduction modules is influenced not only by the receptor, but also by the nature, density and architecture of the ligand, which can affect the rate of receptor internalization and trafficking to diverse intracellular compartments. Understanding how the variety of self and non-self ligands triggers differential CLR signalling and function presents a fascinating biological challenge. Non-self ligands usually promote inflammation and immunity, whereas self ligands are frequently involved in communication and tolerance. But pathogens can mimic self-inhibitory signals to escape immune surveillance, and endogenous ligands can contribute to the sensing of pathogens through CLRs. In this review, we survey the complexity and flexibility in functional outcome found in the myeloid CLRs, which is not only based on their differing intracellular motifs, but is also conditioned by the physical nature, affinity and avidity of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Iborra
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, CNIC-Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III", Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Sancho
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, CNIC-Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III", Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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