1
|
Sharma V, Chander Sharma P, Reang J, Yadav V, Kumar Tonk R, Majeed J, Sharma K. Impact of GSK-3β and CK-1δ on Wnt signaling pathway in alzheimer disease: A dual target approach. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107378. [PMID: 38643562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enigmatic neurological illness that offers few treatment options. Recent exploration has highlighted the crucial connection of the Wnt signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. The present study focuses on the dual targeting of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ) within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway as a possible technique for AD intervention. GSK-3β and CK-1δ are multifunctional kinases known for their roles in tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid processing, and synaptic dysfunction, all of which are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are intricately linked to Wnt signaling, which plays a pivotal part in sustaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway in AD contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms by which GSK-3β and CK-1δ impact the Wnt signaling pathway, elucidating their roles in AD pathogenesis. We discuss the potential of small-molecule inhibitors along with their SAR studies along with the multi-targetd approach targeting GSK-3β and CK-1δ to modulate Wnt signaling and mitigate AD-related pathology. In summary, the dual targeting of GSK-3β and CK-1δ within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway presents an innovative and promising avenue for future AD therapies, offering new hope for patients and caregivers in the quest to combat this challenging condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | | | - Jurnal Reang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gybeľ T, Čada Š, Klementová D, Schwalm MP, Berger BT, Šebesta M, Knapp S, Bryja V. Splice variants of CK1α and CK1α-like: Comparative analysis of subcellular localization, kinase activity and function in the Wnt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2024:107407. [PMID: 38796065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are important regulators of multiple signaling pathways. CK1α is a well-known negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which promotes the degradation of β-catenin via its phosphorylation of Ser45. In contrast, the closest paralog of CK1α, CK1α-like, is a poorly characterized kinase of unknown function. In this study we show that the deletion of CK1α, but not CK1α-like, resulted in a strong activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Wnt-3a treatment further enhanced the activation, which suggests there are at least two modes, a CK1α-dependent and Wnt-dependent, of β-catenin regulation. Rescue experiments showed that only 2 out of 10 naturally occurring splice CK1α/α-like variants were able to rescue the augmented Wnt/β-catenin signaling caused by CK1α-deficiency in cells. Importantly, the ability to phosphorylate β-catenin on Ser45 in the in vitro kinase assay was required but not sufficient for such rescue. Our compound CK1α and GSK3α/β knock out models suggest that the additional non-redundant function of CK1α in the Wnt pathway beyond Ser45-β-catenin phosphorylation includes Axin phosphorylation. Finally, we established NanoBRET assays for the three most common CK1α splice variants as well as CK1α-like. Target engagement data revealed comparable potency of known CK1α inhibitors for all CK1α variants but not for CK1α-like. In summary, our work brings important novel insights into the biology of CK1α, including evidence for the lack of redundancy with other CK1 kinases in the negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at the level of β-catenin and Axin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Darja Klementová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin P Schwalm
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Šebesta
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Temizer AB, Uludoğan G, Özçelik R, Koulani T, Ozkirimli E, Ulgen KO, Karali N, Özgür A. Exploring data-driven chemical SMILES tokenization approaches to identify key protein-ligand binding moieties. Mol Inform 2024; 43:e202300249. [PMID: 38196065 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning models have found numerous successful applications in computational drug discovery. A large body of these models represents molecules as sequences since molecular sequences are easily available, simple, and informative. The sequence-based models often segment molecular sequences into pieces called chemical words, analogous to the words that make up sentences in human languages, and then apply advanced natural language processing techniques for tasks such as de novo drug design, property prediction, and binding affinity prediction. However, the chemical characteristics and significance of these building blocks, chemical words, remain unexplored. To address this gap, we employ data-driven SMILES tokenization techniques such as Byte Pair Encoding, WordPiece, and Unigram to identify chemical words and compare the resulting vocabularies. To understand the chemical significance of these words, we build a language-inspired pipeline that treats high affinity ligands of protein targets as documents and selects key chemical words making up those ligands based on tf-idf weighting. The experiments on multiple protein-ligand affinity datasets show that despite differences in words, lengths, and validity among the vocabularies generated by different subword tokenization algorithms, the identified key chemical words exhibit similarity. Further, we conduct case studies on a number of target to analyze the impact of key chemical words on binding. We find that these key chemical words are specific to protein targets and correspond to known pharmacophores and functional groups. Our approach elucidates chemical properties of the words identified by machine learning models and can be used in drug discovery studies to determine significant chemical moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asu Busra Temizer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Uludoğan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rıza Özçelik
- Department of Computer Engineering, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Koulani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Science and Research Informatics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Karali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzucan Özgür
- Department of Computer Engineering, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lambert M, Gebel J, Trejtnar C, Wesch N, Bozkurt S, Adrian-Allgood M, Löhr F, Münch C, Dötsch V. Fuzzy interactions between the auto-phosphorylated C-terminus and the kinase domain of CK1δ inhibits activation of TAp63α. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16423. [PMID: 37777570 PMCID: PMC10542812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family member TAp63α plays an important role in maintaining the genetic integrity in oocytes. DNA damage, in particular DNA double strand breaks, lead to the transformation of the inhibited, only dimeric conformation into the active tetrameric one that results in the initiation of an apoptotic program. Activation requires phosphorylation by the kinase CK1 which phosphorylates TAp63α at four positions. The third phosphorylation event is the decisive step that transforms TAp63α into the active state. This third phosphorylation, however, is ~ 20 times slower than the first two phosphorylation events. This difference in the phosphorylation kinetics constitutes a safety mechanism that allows oocytes with a low degree of DNA damage to survive. So far these kinetic investigations of the phosphorylation steps have been performed with the isolated CK1 kinase domain. However, all CK1 enzymes contain C-terminal extensions that become auto-phosphorylated and inhibit the activity of the kinase. Here we have investigated the effect of auto-phosphorylation of the C-terminus in the kinase CK1δ and show that it slows down phosphorylation of the first two sites in TAp63α but basically inhibits the phosphorylation of the third site. We have identified up to ten auto-phosphorylation sites in the CK1δ C-terminal domain and show that all of them interact with the kinase domain in a "fuzzy" way in which not a single site is particularly important. Through mutation analysis we further show that hydrophobic amino acids following the phosphorylation site are important for a substrate to be able to successfully compete with the auto-inhibitory effect of the C-terminal domain. This auto-phosphorylation adds a new layer to the regulation of apoptosis in oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahil Lambert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Charlotte Trejtnar
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Wesch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Martin Adrian-Allgood
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva-Cardoso GK, N'Gouemo P. Seizure-suppressor genes: can they help spearhead the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for epilepsy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:657-664. [PMID: 37589085 PMCID: PMC10528013 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2248375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsies are disorders of neuronal excitability characterized by spontaneously recurrent focal and generalized seizures, some of which result from genetic mutations. Despite the availability of antiseizure medications, pharmaco-resistant epilepsy is seen in about 23% of epileptic patients worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for epilepsies. Several epilepsy-associated genes have been found in humans. Seizure susceptibility can also be induced in Drosophila mutants, some showing features resembling human epilepsies. Interestingly, several second-site mutation gene products have been found to suppress seizure susceptibility in the seizure genetic model Drosophila. Thus, these so-called 'seizure-suppressor' gene variants may lead to developing a novel class of antiseizure medications. AREA COVERED This review evaluates the potential therapeutic of seizure-suppressor gene variants. EXPERT OPINION Studies on epilepsy-associated genes have allowed analyses of mutations linked to human epilepsy by reproducing these mutations in Drosophila using reverse genetics to generate potential antiseizure therapeutics. As a result, about fifteen seizure-suppressor gene mutants have been identified. Furthermore, some of these epilepsy gene mutations affect ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels. Therefore, a better understanding of the antiseizure activity of seizure-suppressor genes is essential in advancing gene therapy and precision medicine for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oocyte Casein kinase 1α deletion causes defects in primordial follicle formation and oocyte loss by impairing oocyte meiosis and enhancing autophagy in developing mouse ovary. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:388. [PMID: 36115846 PMCID: PMC9482644 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1α is a member of CK1 family, which is ubiquitously expressed and plays multiple functions, including its potential roles in regulating cell division. But the functions of CK1α in mammalian oogenesis and folliculogenesis remain elusive. In this study, we assayed the cell type of CK1α expression in the developing mouse ovary and confirmed that CK1α was highly expressed in ovaries after birth. The oocyte-specific CK1α knockout (cKO) mouse model was then established by crossing Ddx4-Cre mice with Csnk1a1-floxp mice, and the effects of CK1α deletion on oogenesis and folliculogenesis were identified. The results showed that oocyte CK1α deletion impaired the progression of oocyte meiosis and primordial follicle formation during meiotic prophase I, which subsequently caused oocyte loss and mouse infertility. Further, the in vivo CK1α deletion and in vitro inhibition of CK1 activity resulted in the defects of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, whereas apoptosis and autophagy were enhanced in the developing ovary. These may contribute to oocyte loss and infertility in cKO mice. It is thus concluded that CK1α is essential for mouse oogenesis and folliculogenesis by involving in regulating the processes of oocyte meiosis and DNA DSB repair during meiotic prophase I of mouse oocytes. However, the related signaling pathway and molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated further.
Collapse
|
7
|
Catarzi D, Varano F, Vigiani E, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Colotta V. Casein Kinase 1δ Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4698-4737. [PMID: 35232339 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220301115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) belongs to the serine-threonine kinase family and is expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. At least six human isoforms of CK1 (termed α, γ1-3, δ and ε) have been cloned and characterized. CK1 isoform modulates several physiological processes, including DNA damage repair, circadian rhythm, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, CK1 dysfunction may trigger diverse pathologies, such as cancer, inflammation and central nervous system disorders. Overexpression and aberrant activity of CK1 has been connected to hyperphosphorylation of key proteins implicated in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, CK1 inhibitors have attracted attention as potential drugs for these pathologies and several compounds have been synthesized or isolated from natural sources to be evaluated for their CK1 inhibitory activity. Here we report a comprehensive review on the development of CK1 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationships and computational studies which provide useful insight for the design of novel inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Erica Vigiani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang J, Wang Z. Mut9p-LIKE KINASE Family Members: New Roles of the Plant-Specific Casein Kinase I in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051562. [PMID: 32106561 PMCID: PMC7084540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Casein kinase I (CK1), a ubiquitous serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase in eukaryotes, plays pivotal roles in a wide spectrum of cellular functions including metabolism, cell cycle progression, developmental control and stress responses. Plant CK1 evolves a lineage expansion, resulting in a unique branch of members exclusive to the kingdom. Among them, Arabidopsis Mut9p-LIKE KINASEs (MLKs) target diverse substrates including histones and the key regulatory proteins involving in physiological processes of light signaling, circadian rhythms, phytohormone and plant defense. Deregulation of the kinase activity by mutating the enzyme or the phosphorylation sites of substrates causes developmental disorders and susceptibility to adverse environmental conditions. MLKs have evolved as a general kinase that modifies transcription factors or primary regulatory proteins in a dynamic way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of MLKs and MLK orthologs in several commercially important crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +10-86-62816357
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Regulation of Multifunctional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases by Molecular Targeting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:649-679. [PMID: 31646529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases control a broad range of cellular functions in a multitude of cell types. This family of kinases contain several structural similarities and all are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates, inhibits or modulates their kinase activity. As these protein kinases are widely or ubiquitously expressed, and yet regulate a broad range of different cellular functions, additional levels of regulation exist that control these cell-specific functions. Of particular importance for this specificity of function for multifunctional kinases is the expression of specific binding proteins that mediate molecular targeting. These molecular targeting mechanisms allow pools of kinase in different cells, or parts of a cell, to respond differently to activation and produce different functional outcomes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SY, Kim H, Li CM, Kang J, Najafov A, Jung M, Kang S, Wang S, Yuan J, Jung YK. Casein kinase-1γ1 and 3 stimulate tumor necrosis factor-induced necroptosis through RIPK3. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:923. [PMID: 31801942 PMCID: PMC6892881 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Upon necroptosis activation, receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase (RIPK)1 and RIPK3 form a necrosome complex with pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL). Although protein phosphorylation is a key event for RIPK1 and RIPK3 activation in response to a necroptosis signal, relatively little is known about other factors that might regulate the activity of these kinases or necrosome formation. Through a gain-of-function screen with 546 kinases and 127 phosphatases, we identified casein kinase 1 gamma (CK1γ) as a candidate necroptosis-promoting factor. Here, we show that the decreased activity or amounts of CK1γ1 and CK1γ3, either by treatment with a chemical inhibitor or knockdown in cells, reduced TNFα-induced necroptosis. Conversely, ectopic expression of CK1γ1 or CK1γ3 exacerbated necroptosis, but not apoptosis. Similar to RIPK1 and RIPK3, CK1γ1 was also cleaved at Asp343 by caspase-8 during apoptosis. CK1γ1 and CK1γ3 formed a protein complex and were recruited to the necrosome harboring RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. In particular, an autophosphorylated form of CK1γ3 at Ser344/345 was detected in the necrosome and was required to mediate the necroptosis. In addition, in vitro assays with purified proteins showed that CK1γ phosphorylated RIPK3, affecting its activity, and in vivo assays showed that the CK1γ-specific inhibitor Gi prevented abrupt death in mice with hypothermia in a model of TNFα-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Collectively, these data suggest that CK1γ1 and CK1γ3 are required for TNFα-induced necroptosis likely by regulating RIPK3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Lee
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Cathena Meiling Li
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jaemin Kang
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ayaz Najafov
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5730, USA
| | - Muhah Jung
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2216, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5730, USA
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Böhm T, Meng Z, Haas P, Henne-Bruns D, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. The kinase domain of CK1δ can be phosphorylated by Chk1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1663-1675. [PMID: 31094292 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1617105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are key regulators in numerous cellular signal transduction pathways and in order to prevent the development of certain diseases, CK1 kinase activity needs to be tightly regulated. Modulation of kinase activity by site-specific phosphorylation within the C-terminal regulatory domain of CK1δ has already been shown for several cellular kinases. By using biochemical methods, we now identified residues T161, T174, T176, and S181 within the kinase domain of CK1δ as target sites for checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). At least residues T176 and S181 show full conservation among CK1δ orthologues from different eukaryotic species. Enzyme kinetic analysis furthermore led to the hypothesis that site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain finally contributes to fine-tuning of CK1δ kinase activity. These data provide a basis for the extension of our knowledge about the role of site-specific phosphorylation for regulation of CK1δ and associated signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Böhm
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Zhigang Meng
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Philipp Haas
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Najma Rachidi
- b Unité de Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201 , Paris , France
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kinase activity of casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) is modulated by protein kinase C α (PKCα) by site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain of CK1δ. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:710-721. [PMID: 31096047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are involved in regulation of crucial cellular pathways including chromosomal segregation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Therefore, the activity of CK1 isoforms needs to be tightly regulated in order to avoid pathogenesis of proliferative diseases. Regulation of cellular CK1 activity is mainly mediated by (auto-) phosphorylation within its C-terminal regulatory domain. Cellular kinases, among them protein kinase A (PKA), checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), protein kinase C α (PKCα), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have already been identified to C-terminally phosphorylate CK1δ, thereby modulating its kinase activity. In the present study we analyzed the CK1δ kinase domain for phosphorylation sites targeted by PKCα. Several phosphorylation sites were identified in vitro by initially using GST-CK1δ wild type and phosphorylation-site mutant protein fragments originating from the CK1δ kinase domain. Residues S53, T176, and S181 could finally be confirmed as targets for PKCα. Determination of kinetic parameters of full-length wild type and mutant GST-CK1δ-mediated substrate phosphorylation revealed that integrity of residue T176 is crucial for maintaining CK1δ kinase activity. Functional biochemical and cell culture-based analysis discovered that site-specific phosphorylation of CK1δ by PKCα contributes to fine-tuning of CK1δ kinase activity. In summary, our work for the first time demonstrates the effects of PKCα-mediated site-specific phosphorylation in the CK1δ kinase domain and enhances our knowledge about the regulation of the disease-associated CK1 kinase family.
Collapse
|
13
|
García-Reyes B, Witt L, Jansen B, Karasu E, Gehring T, Leban J, Henne-Bruns D, Pichlo C, Brunstein E, Baumann U, Wesseler F, Rathmer B, Schade D, Peifer C, Knippschild U. Discovery of Inhibitor of Wnt Production 2 (IWP-2) and Related Compounds As Selective ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) δ/ε. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4087-4102. [PMID: 29630366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Wnt production (IWPs) are known antagonists of the Wnt pathway, targeting the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase porcupine (Porcn) and thus preventing a crucial Wnt ligand palmitoylation. Since IWPs show structural similarities to benzimidazole-based CK1 inhibitors, we hypothesized that IWPs could also inhibit CK1 isoforms. Molecular modeling revealed a plausible binding mode of IWP-2 in the ATP binding pocket of CK1δ which was confirmed by X-ray analysis. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated IWPs to be ATP-competitive inhibitors of wtCK1δ. IWPs also strongly inhibited the gatekeeper mutant M82FCK1δ. When profiled in a panel of 320 kinases, IWP-2 specifically inhibited CK1δ. IWP-2 and IWP-4 also inhibited the viability of various cancer cell lines. By a medicinal chemistry approach, we developed improved IWP-derived CK1 inhibitors. Our results suggest that the effects of IWPs are not limited to Porcn, but also might influence CK1δ/ε-related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Lydia Witt
- Institute of Pharmacy , Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Gutenbergstraße 76 , D-24116 Kiel , Germany
| | - Björn Jansen
- Institute of Pharmacy , Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Gutenbergstraße 76 , D-24116 Kiel , Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Tanja Gehring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Johann Leban
- Oncotyrol GmbH , Karl-Kapferer-Straße 5 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Pichlo
- Department for Chemistry , University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47B , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Elena Brunstein
- Department for Chemistry , University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47B , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Department for Chemistry , University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47B , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Fabian Wesseler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Bernd Rathmer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy , Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 1 , D-17489 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy , Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Gutenbergstraße 76 , D-24116 Kiel , Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Akizuki K, Toyama T, Yamashita M, Sugiyama Y, Ishida A, Kameshita I, Sueyoshi N. Facile preparation of highly active casein kinase 1 using Escherichia coli constitutively expressing lambda phosphatase. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Krüger M, Kalbacher H, Kastritis PL, Bischof J, Barth H, Henne-Bruns D, Vorgias C, Sarno S, Pinna LA, Knippschild U. New potential peptide therapeutics perturbing CK1δ/α-tubulin interaction. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:375-383. [PMID: 26996302 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the CK1 family are highly conserved serine/threonine specific kinases being expressed in all eukaryotes. They are involved in many cellular processes and therefore tightly regulated. A central mechanism to modulate CK1 activity is via interaction with cellular proteins. CK1δ interacts with α-/β-tubulin and is involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Therefore, it is important to identify the structural elements responsible for the interaction between these proteins. Using a peptide library covering the human CK1δ amino acid sequence in SPR and ELISA analyses, we identified peptide 39 (P39), encompassing aa361-aa375 of CK1δ, as a prominent binding partner of α-tubulin. P39 decreases α-tubulin phosphorylation by CK1δ and reduces the thermodynamic stability of α-tubulin in fluorescence thermal shift assays. Furthermore, P39 induces an inhibition of mitotic progression and a disruption of cells entering mitosis in CV-1 cells. Taken together our data provide valuable information regarding the interaction of CK1δ and α-tubulin and a novel approach for the development of pharmacological tools to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Constantinos Vorgias
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stalder D, Novick PJ. The casein kinases Yck1p and Yck2p act in the secretory pathway, in part, by regulating the Rab exchange factor Sec2p. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:686-701. [PMID: 26700316 PMCID: PMC4750927 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sec2p is phosphorylated by the redundant casein kinases Yck1p and Yck2p. This promotes the interaction of Sec2p with the downstream effector, Sec15p, and contributes to Sec2p localization and function. Phosphorylation requires prior association of Sec2p with vesicles and reduction of the inhibitory Golgi lipid PI(4)P from the vesicle membrane. Sec2p is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Sec4p, the final Rab GTPase of the yeast secretory pathway. Sec2p is recruited to secretory vesicles by the upstream Rab Ypt32p acting in concert with phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P). Sec2p also binds to the Sec4p effector Sec15p, yet Ypt32p and Sec15p compete against each other for binding to Sec2p. We report here that the redundant casein kinases Yck1p and Yck2p phosphorylate sites within the Ypt32p/Sec15p binding region and in doing so promote binding to Sec15p and inhibit binding to Ypt32p. We show that Yck2p binds to the autoinhibitory domain of Sec2p, adjacent to the PI(4)P binding site, and that addition of PI(4)P inhibits Sec2p phosphorylation by Yck2p. Loss of Yck1p and Yck2p function leads to accumulation of an intracellular pool of the secreted glucanase Bgl2p, as well as to accumulation of Golgi-related structures in the cytoplasm. We propose that Sec2p is phosphorylated after it has been recruited to secretory vesicles and the level of PI(4)P has been reduced. This promotes Sec2p function by stimulating its interaction with Sec15p. Finally, Sec2p is dephosphorylated very late in the exocytic reaction to facilitate recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Stalder
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Peter J Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Penas C, Govek EE, Fang Y, Ramachandran V, Daniel M, Wang W, Maloof ME, Rahaim RJ, Bibian M, Kawauchi D, Finkelstein D, Han JL, Long J, Li B, Robbins DJ, Malumbres M, Roussel MF, Roush WR, Hatten ME, Ayad NG. Casein kinase 1δ is an APC/C(Cdh1) substrate that regulates cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 11:249-60. [PMID: 25843713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is at the center of multiple signaling pathways, its role in the expansion of CNS progenitor cells is unknown. Using mouse cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs) as a model for brain neurogenesis, we demonstrate that the loss of CK1δ or treatment of GCPs with a highly selective small molecule inhibits GCP expansion. In contrast, CK1δ overexpression increases GCP proliferation. Thus, CK1δ appears to regulate GCP neurogenesis. CK1δ is targeted for proteolysis via the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C(Cdh1)) ubiquitin ligase, and conditional deletion of the APC/C(Cdh1) activator Cdh1 in cerebellar GCPs results in higher levels of CK1δ. APC/C(Cdh1) also downregulates CK1δ during cell-cycle exit. Therefore, we conclude that APC/C(Cdh1) controls CK1δ levels to balance proliferation and cell-cycle exit in the developing CNS. Similar studies in medulloblastoma cells showed that CK1δ holds promise as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Penas
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yin Fang
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vimal Ramachandran
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark Daniel
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie E Maloof
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ronald J Rahaim
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeng-Liang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jun Long
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Casein kinase 1γ ensures monopolar growth polarity under incomplete DNA replication downstream of Cds1 and calcineurin in fission yeast. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1533-42. [PMID: 25691662 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01465-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is essential for various cellular functions during both proliferative and developmental stages, and it displays dynamic alterations in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal control of polarity transition are poorly understood. Here, we show that fission yeast Cki3 (a casein kinase 1γ homolog) is a critical regulator to ensure persistent monopolar growth during S phase. Unlike the wild type, cki3 mutant cells undergo bipolar growth when S phase is blocked, a condition known to delay transition from monopolar to bipolar growth (termed NETO [new end takeoff]). Consistent with this role, Cki3 kinase activity is substantially increased, and cells lose their viability in the absence of Cki3 upon an S-phase block. Cki3 acts downstream of the checkpoint kinase Cds1/Chk2 and calcineurin, and the latter physically interacts with Cki3. Autophosphorylation in the C terminus is inhibitory toward Cki3 kinase activity, and calcineurin is responsible for its dephosphorylation. Cki3 localizes to the plasma membrane, and this localization requires the palmitoyltransferase complex Erf2-Erf4. Membrane localization is needed not only for proper NETO timing but also for Cki3 kinase activity. We propose that Cki3 acts as a critical inhibitor of cell polarity transition under S-phase arrest.
Collapse
|
19
|
Knippschild U, Krüger M, Richter J, Xu P, García-Reyes B, Peifer C, Halekotte J, Bakulev V, Bischof J. The CK1 Family: Contribution to Cellular Stress Response and Its Role in Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:96. [PMID: 24904820 PMCID: PMC4032983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed pleiotropic CK1 family play major regulatory roles in many cellular processes including DNA-processing and repair, proliferation, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As a consequence of cellular stress conditions, interaction of CK1 with the mitotic spindle is manifold increased pointing to regulatory functions at the mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, CK1 is able to alter the activity of key proteins in signal transduction and signal integration molecules. In line with this notion, CK1 is tightly connected to the regulation and degradation of β-catenin, p53, and MDM2. Considering the importance of CK1 for accurate cell division and regulation of tumor suppressor functions, it is not surprising that mutations and alterations in the expression and/or activity of CK1 isoforms are often detected in various tumor entities including cancer of the kidney, choriocarcinomas, breast carcinomas, oral cancer, adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, scientific effort has enormously increased (i) to understand the regulation of CK1 and its involvement in tumorigenesis- and tumor progression-related signal transduction pathways and (ii) to develop CK1-specific inhibitors for the use in personalized therapy concepts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding CK1 regulation, function, and interaction with cellular proteins playing central roles in cellular stress-responses and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Jakob Halekotte
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zeringo NA, Murphy L, McCloskey EA, Rohal L, Bellizzi JJ. A monoclinic crystal form of casein kinase 1 δ. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:1077-83. [PMID: 24100552 PMCID: PMC3792660 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113023403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 δ (CK1δ) is a regulatory enzyme in the mammalian circadian oscillator and represents a potential pharmacological target for modulating circadian rhythms. Crystal structures of four different polymorphs of CK1δ have previously been determined and this article reports the crystallization and structure determination of a new crystal form belonging to space group P21. Comparison of CK1δ crystal structures reveals few conformational differences within the C-terminal lobe, but more significant movements of the β-sheet region of the N-terminal lobe were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Zeringo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Lea Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Eric A. McCloskey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Loren Rohal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - John J. Bellizzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Drosophila as a model for intractable epilepsy: gilgamesh suppresses seizures in para(bss1) heterozygote flies. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1399-407. [PMID: 23797108 PMCID: PMC3737179 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.006130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Intractable epilepsies, that is, seizure disorders that do not respond to currently available therapies, are difficult, often tragic, neurological disorders. Na+ channelopathies have been implicated in some intractable epilepsies, including Dravet syndrome (Dravet 1978), but little progress has been forthcoming in therapeutics. Here we examine a Drosophila model for intractable epilepsy, the Na+ channel gain-of-function mutant parabss1 that resembles Dravet syndrome in some aspects (parker et al. 2011a). In particular, we identify second-site mutations that interact with parabss1, seizure enhancers, and seizure suppressors. We describe one seizure-enhancer mutation named charlatan (chn). The chn gene normally encodes an Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor/RE1-Silencing Transcription factor transcriptional repressor of neuronal-specific genes. We identify a second-site seizure-suppressor mutation, gilgamesh (gish), that reduces the severity of several seizure-like phenotypes of parabss1/+ heterozygotes. The gish gene normally encodes the Drosophila ortholog of casein kinase CK1g3, a member of the CK1 family of serine-threonine kinases. We suggest that CK1g3 is an unexpected but promising new target for seizure therapeutics.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Lu A, Zhou HX, Sun R, Zhao J, Zhou CJ, Shen JP, Wu SN, Liang CG. Casein kinase 1 alpha regulates chromosome congression and separation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63173. [PMID: 23690993 PMCID: PMC3655170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase I alpha (CK1α) is a member of serine/threonine protein kinase, generally present in all eukaryotes. In mammals, CK1α regulates the transition from interphase to metaphase in mitosis. However, little is known about its role in meiosis. Here we examined Ck1α mRNA and protein expression, as well as its subcellular localization in mouse oocytes from germinal vesicle to the late 1-cell stage. Our results showed that the expression level of CK1α was increased in metaphase. Immunostaining results showed that CK1α colocalized with condensed chromosomes during oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development. We used the loss-of-function approach by employing CK1α specific morpholino injection to block the function of CK1α. This functional blocking leads to failure of polar body 1 (PB1) extrusion, chromosome misalignment and MII plate incrassation. We further found that D4476, a specific and efficient CK1 inhibitor, decreased the rate of PB1 extrusion. Moreover, D4476 resulted in giant polar body extrusion, oocyte pro-MI arrest, chromosome congression failure and impairment of embryo developmental potential. In addition, we employed pyrvinium pamoate (PP), an allosteric activator of CK1α, to enhance CK1α activity in oocytes. Supplementation of PP induced oocyte meiotic maturation failure, severe congression abnormalities and misalignment of chromosomes. Taken together, our study for the first time demonstrates that CK1α is required for chromosome alignment and segregation during oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Angeleem Lu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Sun
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Peng Shen
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Na Wu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reddi AR, Culotta VC. SOD1 integrates signals from oxygen and glucose to repress respiration. Cell 2013; 152:224-35. [PMID: 23332757 PMCID: PMC3552299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an abundant enzyme that has been best studied as a regulator of antioxidant defense. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we report that SOD1 transmits signals from oxygen and glucose to repress respiration. The mechanism involves SOD1-mediated stabilization of two casein kinase 1-gamma (CK1γ) homologs, Yck1p and Yck2p, required for respiratory repression. SOD1 binds a C-terminal degron we identified in Yck1p/Yck2p and promotes kinase stability by catalyzing superoxide conversion to peroxide. The effects of SOD1 on CK1γ stability are also observed with mammalian SOD1 and CK1γ and in a human cell line. Therefore, in a single circuit, oxygen, glucose, and reactive oxygen can repress respiration through SOD1/CK1γ signaling. Our data therefore may provide mechanistic insight into how rapidly proliferating cells and many cancers accomplish glucose-mediated repression of respiration in favor of aerobic glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit R Reddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Casein kinase iγ2 impairs fibroblasts actin stress fibers formation and delays cell cycle progression in g1. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:684684. [PMID: 22496693 PMCID: PMC3312262 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is under the regulation of multiple proteins with various activities. Here, we demonstrate that the γ2 isoform of Casein Kinase I (CKIγ2) is part of a novel molecular path regulating the formation of actin stress fibers. We show that overexpression of CKIγ2 in fibroblasts alters cell morphology by impairing actin stress fibers formation. We demonstrate that this is concomitant with increased phosphorylation of the CDK inhibitor p27Kip and lower levels of activated RhoA, and is dependent on CKIγ2 catalytic activity. Moreover, we report that roscovitine, a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, including Cdk5, decreases p27Kip protein levels and restores actin stress fibers formation in CKIγ2 overexpressing cells, suggesting the existence of a CKIγ2-Cdk5-p27Kip-RhoA pathway in regulating actin remodeling. On the other hand, we also show that in a manner independent of its catalytic activity, CKIγ2 delays cell cycle progression through G1. Collectively our findings reveal that CKIγ2 is a novel player in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Skelding KA, Rostas JAP. The role of molecular regulation and targeting in regulating calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:703-30. [PMID: 22453966 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases can be classified as one of two types - restricted or multifunctional. This family of kinases contains several structural similarities: all possess a calmodulin binding motif and an autoinhibitory region. In addition, all of the calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates or inhibits their kinase activity. However, as the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases are ubiquitously expressed, yet regulate a broad range of cellular functions, additional levels of regulation that control these cell-specific functions must exist. These additional layers of control include gene expression, signaling pathways, and expression of binding proteins and molecular targeting. All of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter appear to be regulated by these additional layers of control, however, this does not appear to be the case for the restricted kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Skelding
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bischof J, Müller A, Fänder M, Knippschild U, Fischer D. Neurite outgrowth of mature retinal ganglion cells and PC12 cells requires activity of CK1δ and CK1ε. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20857. [PMID: 21698236 PMCID: PMC3116831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate severed axons after optic nerve injury and show only little neurite outgrowth in culture. However, RGCs can be transformed into an active regenerative state after lens injury (LI) enabling these neurons to regrow axons in vitro and in vivo. In the current study we investigated the role of CK1δ and CK1ε activity in neurite outgrowth of LI stimulated RGCs and nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated PC12 cells, respectively. In both cell types CK1δ and ε were localized in granular particles aligned at microtubules in neurites and growth cones. Although LI treatment did not measurably affect the expression of CK1δ and ε, it significantly elevated the specific kinase activity in the retina. Similarly, CK1δ/ε specific kinase activity was also elevated in NGF treated PC12 cells compared with untreated controls. Neurite extension in PC12 cells was associated with a change in the activity of CK1δ C-terminal targeting kinases, suggesting that activity of these kinases might be necessary for neurite outgrowth. Pharmacological inactivation of CK1δ and ε markedly compromised neurite outgrowth of both, PC12 cells and LI stimulated RGCs in a concentration dependent manner. These data provide evidence for a so far unknown, but essential role of CK1 isoforms in neurite growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Bischof
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrienne Müller
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Fänder
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (DF)
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (DF)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meng Z, Capalbo L, Glover DM, Dunphy WG. Role for casein kinase 1 in the phosphorylation of Claspin on critical residues necessary for the activation of Chk1. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:2834-47. [PMID: 21680713 PMCID: PMC3154880 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-01-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Claspin mediates the activation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) by ATM- and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) in response to genomic stress. This process depends upon phosphorylation of Claspin on two critical residues. These phosphorylations allow docking of Claspin with Chk1. In this study, we identified CK1γ1 as a kinase that carries out these key phosphorylations of Claspin. The mediator protein Claspin is critical for the activation of the checkpoint kinase Chk1 during checkpoint responses to stalled replication forks. This function involves the Chk1-activating domain (CKAD) of Claspin, which undergoes phosphorylation on multiple conserved sites. These phosphorylations promote binding of Chk1 to Claspin and ensuing activation of Chk1 by ATR. However, despite the importance of this regulatory process, the kinase responsible for these phosphorylations has remained unknown. By using a multifaceted approach, we have found that casein kinase 1 gamma 1 (CK1γ1) carries out this function. CK1γ1 phosphorylates the CKAD of Claspin efficiently in vitro, and depletion of CK1γ1 from human cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in dramatically diminished phosphorylation of Claspin. Consequently, the siRNA-treated cells display impaired activation of Chk1 and resultant checkpoint defects. These results indicate that CK1γ1 is a novel component of checkpoint responses that controls the interaction of a key checkpoint effector kinase with its cognate mediator protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Division of Biology 147-75, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Greer YE, Rubin JS. Casein kinase 1 delta functions at the centrosome to mediate Wnt-3a-dependent neurite outgrowth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 192:993-1004. [PMID: 21422228 PMCID: PMC3063129 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201011111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously we determined that Dishevelled-2/3 (Dvl) mediate Wnt-3a-dependent neurite outgrowth in Ewing sarcoma family tumor cells. Here we report that neurite extension was associated with Dvl phosphorylation and that both were inhibited by the casein kinase 1 (CK1) δ/ε inhibitor IC261. Small interfering RNAs targeting either CK1δ or CK1ε decreased Dvl phosphorylation, but only knockdown of CK1δ blocked neurite outgrowth. CK1δ but not CK1ε was detected at the centrosome, an organelle associated with neurite formation. Deletion analysis mapped the centrosomal localization signal (CLS) of CK1δ to its C-terminal domain. A fusion protein containing the CLS and EGFP displaced full-length CK1δ from the centrosome and inhibited Wnt-3a-dependent neurite outgrowth. In contrast to wild-type CK1ε, a chimera comprised of the kinase domain of CK1ε and the CLS of CK1δ localized to the centrosome and rescued Wnt-3a-dependent neurite outgrowth suppressed by CK1δ knockdown. These results provide strong evidence that the centrosomal localization of CK1δ is required for Wnt-3a-dependent neuritogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ikeda K, Zhapparova O, Brodsky I, Semenova I, Tirnauer JS, Zaliapin I, Rodionov V. CK1 activates minus-end-directed transport of membrane organelles along microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1321-9. [PMID: 21307338 PMCID: PMC3078062 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-09-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the signal transduction pathway responsible for the initiation of minus-end–directed movement of membrane-bounded pigment granules in melanophores involves sequential activation of protein phosphatase 2A and casein kinase 1 and that this activation correlates with increased phosphorylation of the dynein intermediate chain. Microtubule (MT)-based organelle transport is driven by MT motor proteins that move cargoes toward MT minus-ends clustered in the cell center (dyneins) or plus-ends extended to the periphery (kinesins). Cells are able to rapidly switch the direction of transport in response to external cues, but the signaling events that control switching remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the signaling mechanism responsible for the rapid activation of dynein-dependent MT minus-end–directed pigment granule movement in Xenopus melanophores (pigment aggregation). We found that, along with the previously identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), pigment aggregation signaling also involved casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε), that both enzymes were bound to pigment granules, and that their activities were increased during pigment aggregation. Furthermore we found that CK1ε functioned downstream of PP2A in the pigment aggregation signaling pathway. Finally, we discovered that stimulation of pigment aggregation increased phosphorylation of dynein intermediate chain (DIC) and that this increase was partially suppressed by CK1ε inhibition. We propose that signal transduction during pigment aggregation involves successive activation of PP2A and CK1ε and CK1ε-dependent phosphorylation of DIC, which stimulates dynein motor activity and increases minus-end–directed runs of pigment granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gilgamesh is required for rutabaga-independent olfactory learning in Drosophila. Neuron 2010; 67:810-20. [PMID: 20826312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP signaling in Drosophila mushroom body neurons, anchored by the adenylyl cyclase encoded by the rutabaga gene, is indispensable for olfactory memory formation. From a screen for new memory mutants, we identified alleles of the gilgamesh (gish) gene, which encodes a casein kinase Iγ homolog that is preferentially expressed in the mushroom body neurons. The gish-encoded kinase participates in the physiology of these neurons underlying memory formation since the mutant memory deficit was rescued with expression of a gish cDNA in these neurons only during adulthood. A cellular memory trace, detected as increased calcium influx into the α'/β' neuron processes in response to the odor used for conditioning, was disrupted in gish mutants. Epistasis experiments indicated a lack of genetic interactions between gish and rutabaga. Therefore, gish participates in a rutabaga-independent pathway for memory formation and accounts for some of the residual learning that occurs in rutabaga mutants.
Collapse
|
31
|
Niehrs C, Shen J. Regulation of Lrp6 phosphorylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2551-62. [PMID: 20229235 PMCID: PMC11115861 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and is implicated in human disease. Wnts transduce signals via transmembrane receptors of the Frizzled (Fzd/Fz) family and the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (Lrp5/6). A key mechanism in their signal transduction is that Wnts induce Lrp6 signalosomes, which become phosphorylated at multiple conserved sites, notably at PPSPXS motifs. Lrp6 phosphorylation is crucial to beta-catenin stabilization and pathway activation by promoting Axin and Gsk3 recruitment to phosphorylated sites. Here, we summarize how proline-directed kinases (Gsk3, PKA, Pftk1, Grk5/6) and non-proline-directed kinases (CK1 family) act upon Lrp6, how the phosphorylation is regulated by ligand binding and mitosis, and how Lrp6 phosphorylation leads to beta-catenin stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mellman DL, Anderson RA. A novel gene expression pathway regulated by nuclear phosphoinositides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 49:11-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
33
|
Guo X, Waddell DS, Wang W, Wang Z, Liberati NT, Yong S, Liu X, Wang XF. Ligand-dependent ubiquitination of Smad3 is regulated by casein kinase 1 gamma 2, an inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling. Oncogene 2008; 27:7235-47. [PMID: 18794808 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) elicits a variety of cellular activities primarily through a signaling cascade mediated by two key transcription factors, Smad2 and Smad3. Numerous regulatory mechanisms exist to control the activity of Smad3, thereby modulating the strength and specificity of TGF-beta responses. In search for potential regulators of Smad3 through a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified casein kinase 1 gamma 2 (CKIgamma2) as a novel Smad3-interacting protein. In mammalian cells, CKIgamma2 selectively and constitutively binds Smad3 but not Smad1, -2 or -4. Functionally, CKIgamma2 inhibits Smad3-mediated TGF-beta responses including induction of target genes and cell growth arrest, and this inhibition is dependent on CKIgamma2 kinase activity. Mechanistically, CKIgamma2 does not affect the basal levels of Smad proteins or activity of the receptors. Rather, CKIgamma2 preferentially promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of activated Smad3 through direct phosphorylation of its MH2 domain at Ser418. Importantly, mutation of Ser418 to alanine or aspartic acid causes an increase or decrease of Smad3 activity, respectively, in the presence of TGF-beta. CKIgamma2 is the first kinase known to mark activated Smad3 for destruction. Given its negative function in TGF-beta signaling and its reported overexpression in human cancers, CKIgamma2 may act as an oncoprotein during tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rossi P, Lolicato F, Grimaldi P, Dolci S, Di Sauro A, Filipponi D, Geremia R. Transcriptome analysis of differentiating spermatogonia stimulated with kit ligand. Gene Expr Patterns 2007; 8:58-70. [PMID: 18036996 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Kit ligand (KL) is a survival factor and a mitogenic stimulus for differentiating spermatogonia. However, it is not known whether KL also plays a role in the differentiative events that lead to meiotic entry of these cells. We performed a wide genome analysis of difference in gene expression induced by treatment with KL of spermatogonia from 7-day-old mice, using gene chips spanning the whole mouse genome. The analysis revealed that the pattern of RNA expression induced by KL is compatible with the qualitative changes of the cell cycle that occur during the subsequent cell divisions in type A and B spermatogonia, i.e. the progressive lengthening of the S phase and the shortening of the G2/M transition. Moreover, KL up-regulates in differentiating spermatogonia the expression of early meiotic genes (for instance: Lhx8, Nek1, Rnf141, Xrcc3, Tpo1, Tbca, Xrcc2, Mesp1, Phf7, Rtel1), whereas it down-regulates typical spermatogonial markers (for instance: Pole, Ptgs2, Zfpm2, Egr2, Egr3, Gsk3b, Hnrpa1, Fst, Ptch2). Since KL modifies the expression of several genes known to be up-regulated or down-regulated in spermatogonia during the transition from the mitotic to the meiotic cell cycle, these results are consistent with a role of the KL/kit interaction in the induction of their meiotic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Rossi
- Dipartimento di Sanita' Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Universita' degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reinhardt J, Ferandin Y, Meijer L. Purification of CK1 by affinity chromatography on immobilised axin. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 54:101-9. [PMID: 17434749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) family are implicated in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes like development and circadian rhythm, as well as in diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's disease. From that perspective, CK1 family members are interesting targets for potential chemotherapy. We describe here a rapid and efficient method for the purification of CK1 by affinity chromatography on an immobilised fragment of axin. Axin is a scaffolding protein that interacts with a multitude of proteins, amongst them APC, GSK-3, beta-catenin, CK1alpha, delta, and epsilon, and PP2A. A GST-tagged axin peptide (residues 495-684) was produced in Escherichia coli and either immobilised on glutathione agarose beads or purified and immobilised on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B. These "GST-axin" matrices were found to selectively bind native CK1alpha and CK1epsilon from porcine brain. The affinity-purified enzymes displayed high kinase activity. This single step purification method provides a convenient tool to efficiently purify large amounts of active native CK1 for screening purposes. This single step purification method also provides a convenient tool to follow the status of the axin-binding CK1 isoforms alpha, delta, and epsilon (protein levels, composition of isoforms, kinase activity) under different physiological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Reinhardt
- Amyloids and Cell Division Cycle, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bustos VH, Ferrarese A, Venerando A, Marin O, Allende JE, Pinna LA. The first armadillo repeat is involved in the recognition and regulation of beta-catenin phosphorylation by protein kinase CK1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19725-30. [PMID: 17172446 PMCID: PMC1750875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609424104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple phosphorylation of beta-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in the Wnt pathway is primed by CK1 through phosphorylation of Ser-45, which lacks a typical CK1 canonical sequence. Synthetic peptides encompassing amino acids 38-64 of beta-catenin are phosphorylated by CK1 on Ser-45 with low affinity (K(m) approximately 1 mM), whereas intact beta-catenin is phosphorylated at Ser-45 with very high affinity (K(m) approximately 200 nM). Peptides extended to include a putative CK1 docking motif (FXXXF) at 70-74 positions or a F74AA mutation in full-length beta-catenin had no significant effect on CK1 phosphorylation efficiency. beta-Catenin C-terminal deletion mutants up to residue 181 maintained their high affinity, whereas removal of the 131-181 fragment, corresponding to the first armadillo repeat, was deleterious, resulting in a 50-fold increase in K(m) value. Implication of the first armadillo repeat in beta-catenin targeting by CK1 is supported in that the Y142E mutation, which mimics phosphorylation of Tyr-142 by tyrosine kinases and promotes dissociation of beta-catenin from alpha-catenin, further improves CK1 phosphorylation efficiency, lowering the K(m) value to <50 nM, approximating the physiological concentration of beta-catenin. In contrast, alpha-catenin, which interacts with the N-terminal region of beta-catenin, prevents Ser-45 phosphorylation of CK1 in a dose-dependent manner. Our data show that the integrity of the N-terminal region and the first armadillo repeat are necessary and sufficient for high-affinity phosphorylation by CK1 of Ser-45. They also suggest that beta-catenin association with alpha-catenin and beta-catenin phosphorylation by CK1 at Ser-45 are mutually exclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. Bustos
- *Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; and
| | - Anna Ferrarese
- *Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute for Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Venerando
- *Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute for Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- *Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute for Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Jorge E. Allende
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile. E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo A. Pinna
- *Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute for Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
Department of Biological Chemistry, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Morgan-Lappe S, Woods KW, Li Q, Anderson MG, Schurdak ME, Luo Y, Giranda VL, Fesik SW, Leverson JD. RNAi-based screening of the human kinome identifies Akt-cooperating kinases: a new approach to designing efficacious multitargeted kinase inhibitors. Oncogene 2006; 25:1340-8. [PMID: 16247451 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors comprise genetically heterogeneous cell populations, whose growth and survival depend on multiple signaling pathways. This has spurred the development of multitargeted therapies, including small molecules that can inhibit multiple kinases. A major challenge in designing such molecules is to determine which kinases to inhibit in each cancer to maximize efficacy and therapeutic index. We describe an approach to this problem implementing RNA interference technology. In order to identify Akt-cooperating kinases, we screened a library of kinase-directed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for enhanced cancer cell killing in the presence of Akt inhibitor A-443654. siRNAs targeting casein kinase I gamma 3 (CSNK1G3) or the inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) significantly enhanced A-443654-mediated cell killing, and caused decreases in Akt Ser-473 and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. Small molecules targeting CSNK1G3 and/or IPMK in addition to Akt may thus exhibit increased efficacy and have the potential for improved therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Morgan-Lappe
- Abbott Laboratories, Cancer Research, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chergui K, Svenningsson P, Greengard P. Physiological role for casein kinase 1 in glutamatergic synaptic transmission. J Neurosci 2006; 25:6601-9. [PMID: 16014721 PMCID: PMC6725422 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1082-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, present in virtually all cell types, in which it phosphorylates a wide variety of substrates. So far, no role has been found for this ubiquitous protein kinase in the physiology of nerve cells. In the present study, we show that CK1 regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Through the use of CK1 inhibitors, we present evidence that activation of CK1 decreases NMDA receptor activity in the striatum via a mechanism that involves activation by this kinase of protein phosphatase 1 and/or 2A and resultant increased dephosphorylation of NMDA receptors. Indeed, inhibition of CK1 increases NMDA-mediated EPSCs in medium spiny striatal neurons. This effect is associated with an increased phosphorylation of the NR1 and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and is occluded by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. The mGluR1, but not mGluR5, subclass of metabotropic glutamate receptors uses CK1 to inhibit NMDA-mediated synaptic currents. These results provide the first evidence for a role of CK1 in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Chergui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Davidson G, Wu W, Shen J, Bilic J, Fenger U, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C. Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal transduction. Nature 2005; 438:867-72. [PMID: 16341016 DOI: 10.1038/nature04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signalling by Wnt proteins (Wingless in Drosophila) has diverse roles during embryonic development and in adults, and is implicated in human diseases, including cancer. LDL-receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6; Arrow in Drosophila) are key receptors required for transmission of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling in metazoa. Although the role of these receptors in Wnt signalling is well established, their coupling with the cytoplasmic signalling apparatus remains poorly defined. Using a protein modification screen for regulators of LRP6, we describe the identification of Xenopus Casein kinase 1 gamma (CK1gamma), a membrane-bound member of the CK1 family. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments show that CK1gamma is both necessary and sufficient to transduce LRP6 signalling in vertebrates and Drosophila cells. In Xenopus embryos, CK1gamma is required during anterio-posterior patterning to promote posteriorizing Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. CK1gamma is associated with LRP6, which has multiple, modular CK1 phosphorylation sites. Wnt treatment induces the rapid CK1gamma-mediated phosphorylation of these sites within LRP6, which, in turn, promotes the recruitment of the scaffold protein Axin. Our results reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that couples Wnt receptor activation to the cytoplasmic signal transduction apparatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Davidson
- Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stöter M, Bamberger AM, Aslan B, Kurth M, Speidel D, Löning T, Frank HG, Kaufmann P, Löhler J, Henne-Bruns D, Deppert W, Knippschild U. Inhibition of casein kinase I delta alters mitotic spindle formation and induces apoptosis in trophoblast cells. Oncogene 2005; 24:7964-75. [PMID: 16027726 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine-specific casein kinase I delta (CKIdelta) is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, is p53 dependently induced in stress situations and plays an important role in various cellular processes. Our immunohistochemical analysis of the human placenta revealed strongest expression of CKIdelta in extravillous trophoblast cells and in choriocarcinomas. Investigation of the functional role of CKIdelta in an extravillous trophoblast hybrid cell line revealed that CKIdelta was constitutively localized at the centrosomes and the mitotic spindle. Inhibition of CKIdelta with the CKI-specific inhibitor IC261 led to structural alterations of the centrosomes, the formation of multipolar spindles, the inhibition of mitosis and, in contrast to other cell lines, the induction of apoptosis. Our findings indicate that CKIdelta plays an important role in the mitotic progression and in the survival of cells of trophoblast origin. Therefore, IC261 could provide a new tool in treating choriocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stöter
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Heinisch JJ. Baker's yeast as a tool for the development of antifungal kinase inhibitors—targeting protein kinase C and the cell integrity pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1754:171-82. [PMID: 16216564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/16/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Today, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is probably the best-studied eukaryotic organism. This review first focuses on the signaling process which is mediated by the unique yeast protein kinase C (Pkc1p) and a downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. This pathway ensures cellular integrity by sensing cell surface stress and controlling cell wall biosynthesis and progression through the cell cycle. The domain structure of Pkc1p is conserved from yeast to humans. A yeast system for heterologous expression of specific domains in a chimeric yeast/mammalian PKC enzyme ("domain shuffling") is depicted. It is also proposed how this system could be employed for the study of protein kinase inhibitors in high-throughput screens. Moreover, a reporter assay that allows a quantitative readout of the activity of the cell integrity signaling pathway is introduced. Since a variety of protein kinases take part in the signal transduction, this broadens the range of targets for potential inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen J Heinisch
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, AG Genetik, Barbarastr. 11, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wolff S, Xiao Z, Wittau M, Süssner N, Stöter M, Knippschild U. Interaction of casein kinase 1 delta (CK1 delta) with the light chain LC2 of microtubule associated protein 1A (MAP1A). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1745:196-206. [PMID: 15961172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CK1delta, a member of the casein kinase 1 family of serine/threonine specific kinases, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. We have now identified a 176 aa fragment of the light chain LC2 of MAP1A (termed LC2-P16) specifically interacting with CK1delta. Two CK1delta interacting domains of LC2 were identified, located between aa 2629 and 2753 close to aa 2683 and between aa 2712 and 2805 of LC2. The two regions necessary for the interaction of LC2 with CK1delta have been mapped between aa 76-103 and aa 351-375 of CK1delta. Furthermore, LC2 has been identified as a new substrate of CK1delta. We therefore propose a model in which CK1delta could modulate microtubule dynamics by changing the phosphorylation status of the light chain LC2 of MAP1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Wolff
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery at the Medical University of Ulm, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Knippschild U, Gocht A, Wolff S, Huber N, Löhler J, Stöter M. The casein kinase 1 family: participation in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes. Cell Signal 2005; 17:675-89. [PMID: 15722192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues by cellular protein kinases plays an important role in the regulation of various cellular processes. The serine/threonine specific casein kinase 1 and 2 protein kinase families--(CK1 and CK2)--were among the first protein kinases that had been described. In recent years our knowledge of the regulation and function of mammalian CK1 kinase family members has rapidly increased. Extracellular stimuli, the subcellular localization of CK1 isoforms, their interaction with various cellular structures and proteins, as well as autophosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage of their C-terminal regulatory domains influence CK1 kinase activity. Mammalian CK1 isoforms phosphorylate many different substrates among them key regulatory proteins involved in the control of cell differentiation, proliferation, chromosome segregation and circadian rhythms. Deregulation and/or the incidence of mutations in the coding sequence of CK1 isoforms have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review will summarize our current knowledge about the function and regulation of mammalian CK1 isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Knippschild
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mishra SK, Yang Z, Mazumdar A, Talukder AH, Larose L, Kumar R. Metastatic tumor antigen 1 short form (MTA1s) associates with casein kinase I-gamma2, an estrogen-responsive kinase. Oncogene 2004; 23:4422-9. [PMID: 15077195 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that metastasis-associated protein-1 short form (MTA1s) - metastatic tumor antigen 1 short form sequesters estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid screening to clone MTA1s-interacting proteins, we identified casein kinase I-gamma 2 (CKI-gamma2, a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic kinase) as an MTA1s-binding protein. We show that MTA1s interacts with CKI-gamma2 both in vitro and in vivo and colocalizes in the cytoplasm. In addition, we found that CKI-gamma2 can phosphorylate MTA1s, but not ER, in an antiestrogen-dependent manner and that estrogen stimulates CKI-gamma2 activity that could be effectively blocked by a specific inhibitor of CKI. CKI-gamma2 could further potentiate the ER corepressive function of MTA1s. Kinase dead CK1-gamma2 could not repress estrogen-induced ER transactivation functions. Results from mutagenesis studies suggest that substitution of the serine residue at 321 to alanine, which is a possible CKI-gamma2 phopshorylation site in MTA1s, results in a significant reduction in the ability of MTA1s to repress ER transactivation. These findings identified MTA1s as a target of CKI-gamma2, and provided new evidence to suggest that CKI-gamma2 phosphorylates and modulates the functions of MTA1s, and that these extranuclear effects of estrogen might have important implications in regulating the functions of MTA1s in human mammary epithelial and cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Mishra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li G, Yin H, Kuret J. Casein kinase 1 delta phosphorylates tau and disrupts its binding to microtubules. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:15938-45. [PMID: 14761950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m314116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation precedes neuritic lesion formation in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting it participates in the tau fibrillization reaction pathway. Candidate tau protein kinases include members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of phosphotransferases, which are highly overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease brain and colocalize with neuritic and granulovacuolar lesions. Here we characterized the contribution of one CK1 isoform, Ckidelta, to the phosphorylation of tau at residues Ser202/Thr205 and Ser396/Ser404 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells using immunodetection and fluorescence microscopy. Treatment of cells with membrane permeable CK1 inhibitor 3-[(2,3,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidenyl]-indolin-2-one (IC261) lowered occupancy of Ser396/Ser404 phosphorylation sites by >70% at saturation, suggesting that endogenous CK1 was the major source of basal phosphorylation activity at these sites. Overexpression of Ckidelta increased CK1 enzyme activity and further raised tau phosphorylation at residues Ser202/Thr205 and Ser396/Ser404 in situ. Inhibitor IC261 reversed tau hyperphosphorylation induced by Ckidelta overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed direct association of tau and Ckidelta in situ, consistent with tau being a Ckidelta substrate. Ckidelta overexpression also produced a decrease in the fraction of bulk tau bound to detergent-insoluble microtubules. These results suggest that Ckidelta phosphorylates tau at sites that modulate tau/microtubule binding, and that the expression pattern of Ckidelta in Alzheimer's disease is consistent with it playing an important role in tau aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Li
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Ohio State Biochemistry Program, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Okamura A, Iwata N, Nagata A, Tamekane A, Shimoyama M, Gomyo H, Yakushijin K, Urahama N, Hamaguchi M, Fukui C, Chihara K, Ito M, Matsui T. Involvement of casein kinase Iepsilon in cytokine-induced granulocytic differentiation. Blood 2004; 103:2997-3004. [PMID: 15070676 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two closely related casein kinase I (CKI) isoforms, CKIdelta and CKIepsilon, are ubiquitously expressed in many human tissues, but their specific biologic function remains to be clarified. Here, we provide the first evidence that CKIepsilon is involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation. CKIepsilon, but not CKIdelta, was down-regulated along with human granulocytic differentiation. The specific down-regulation was observed in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced cell differentiation of murine interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid progenitor 32D cells. Introduction of wild-type (WT)-CKIepsilon into 32D cells inhibited the G-CSF-induced cell differentiation, whereas kinase-negative (KN)-CKIepsilon promoted the differentiation. Neither WT- nor KN-CKIepsilon affected IL-3-dependent cell growth. Moreover, introduction of WT- or KN-CKIdelta did not affect the cytokine-induced cell growth and differentiation. While G-CSF-induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) was sustained by KN-CKIepsilon, STAT3 activation was attenuated by WT-CKIepsilon. This may be explained by the fact that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) was stabilized by its physical association with CKIepsilon. Such stabilization by CKIepsilon was also seen in IL-3-induced beta-catenin. The stabilization of downstream components of cytokine and Wnt signaling by CKIepsilon might be critical for integration of several intracellular signaling pathways to a cell-specific biologic response in hematopoietic cell self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Okamura
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Komander D, Kular GS, Bain J, Elliott M, Alessi DR, Van Aalten DMF. Structural basis for UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) specificity and PDK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1) inhibition. Biochem J 2003; 375:255-62. [PMID: 12892559 PMCID: PMC1223700 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PDK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1) is a member of the AGC (cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, protein kinase C) family of protein kinases, and has a key role in insulin and growth-factor signalling through phosphorylation and subsequent activation of a number of other AGC kinase family members, such as protein kinase B. The staurosporine derivative UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) has been reported to be a potent inhibitor for PDK1, and is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Here, we report the crystal structures of staurosporine and UCN-01 in complex with the kinase domain of PDK1. We show that, although staurosporine and UCN-01 interact with the PDK1 active site in an overall similar manner, the UCN-01 7-hydroxy group, which is not present in staurosporine, generates direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds with active-site residues. Inhibition data from UCN-01 tested against a panel of 29 different kinases show a different pattern of inhibition compared with staurosporine. We discuss how these differences in inhibition could be attributed to specific interactions with the additional 7-hydroxy group, as well as the size of the 7-hydroxy-group-binding pocket. This information could lead to opportunities for structure-based optimization of PDK1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Komander
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu W, Xu ZH, Luo D, Xue HW. Roles of OsCKI1, a rice casein kinase I, in root development and plant hormone sensitivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 36:189-202. [PMID: 14535884 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinases are critical in cell division and differentiation across species. A rice cDNA fragment encoding a putative casein kinase I (CKI) was identified via cDNA macroarray under brassinosteroid (BR) treatment, and a 1939-bp full-length cDNA, OsCKI1, was isolated and found to encode a putative 463-aa protein. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis indicated that OsCKI1 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues and upregulated by treatments with BR and abscisic acid (ABA). Enzymatic assay of recombinant OsCKI1 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed that the protein was capable of phosphorylating casein. The physiological roles of OsCKI1 were studied through antisense transgenic approaches, and homozygous transgenic plants showed abnormal root development, including fewer lateral and adventitious roots, and shortened primary roots as a result of reduced cell elongation. Treatment of wild-type plants with CKI-7, a specific inhibitor of CKI, also confirmed these functions of OsCKI1. Interestingly, in transgenic and CKI-7-treated plants, exogenously supplied IAA could restore normal root development, and measurement of free IAA content in CKI-deficient primary and adventitious roots revealed altered auxin content, indicating that OsCKI1 is involved in auxin metabolism or that it may affect auxin levels. Transgenic plants were less sensitive than control plants to ABA or BR treatment during germination, suggesting that OsCKI1 may be involved in various hormone-signaling pathways. OsCKI1-GFP fusion studies revealed the localization of OsCKI1 to the nucleus, suggesting a possible involvement in regulation of gene expression. In OsCKI1-deficient plants, differential gene expression was investigated using cDNA chip technology, and results indicated that genes related to signal transduction and hormone metabolism were indeed with altered expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Calabokis M, Kurz L, Gonzatti MI, Bubis J. Protein kinase CK1 from Trypanosoma cruzi. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:591-9. [PMID: 14703993 DOI: 10.1023/b:jopc.0000005509.60532.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A protein kinase activity, which uses casein as a substrate, has been purified to homogeneity from the epimastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi, by sequential chromatography on Q sepharose, heparin sepharose, phenyl sepharose, and alpha-casein agarose. An apparent molecular weight of 36,000 was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration chromatography and sedimentation analyses demonstrated that the purified native enzyme is a monomer with a sedimentation coefficient of 2.9 S. The hydrodynamic parameters indicated that the shape of the protein is globular with a frictional ratio f/f(o) = 1.36 and a Stokes radius of 27.7 A. When two selective peptide substrates for protein kinases CK1 and CK2 were used (RRKDLHDDEEDEAM. SITA and RRRADDSDDDDD, respectively), the purified kinase was shown to predominantly phosphorylate the CK1-specific peptide. Additionally, the enzyme was inhibited by N-(2-amino-ethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide, a specific inactivator of CK1s from mammals. Based on these results, we concluded that the purified kinase corresponds to a parasite CK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Calabokis
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89.000, Valle de Sartenejas, Caracas 1081-A, Venezuela
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Maritzen T, Löhler J, Deppert W, Knippschild U. Casein kinase I delta (CKIdelta) is involved in lymphocyte physiology. Eur J Cell Biol 2003; 82:369-78. [PMID: 12924632 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The casein kinase I isoform delta (CKIdelta) plays an important role in vesicular trafficking, chromosome segregation, cell cycle progression, cytokinesis, developmental processes, and circadian rhythm. In this study we examined the distribution pattern of CKIdelta and quantified its kinase activity in various tissues of BALB/c mice. Whereas CKIdelta is ubiquitously expressed, differences in the kinase activity were detected in organs with comparable CKIdelta protein levels. To elucidate the role of CKIdelta in splenocytes, which displayed the highest kinase activity, the cell type-specific distribution of CKIdelta within the spleen was investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong CKIdelta immunolabeling in lymphoid cells of the white pulp, while in the red pulp CKIdelta immunoreactivity was found in cells of various haematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, high CKIdelta kinase acitivity was observed in isolated lymphocytes and granulocytes of young BALB/c mice. In lymphocytes the CKIdelta activity increased upon mitogenic stimulation, whereas upon gamma-irradiation CKIdelta protein and activity levels were diminished. Interestingly, the comparison of CKIdelta activity in p53+/+ and p53-/- lymphocytes revealed a higher activity in p53+/+ lymphocytes. In addition, we observed an increased immunostaining in cells of hyperplastic B follicles and advanced B-cell lymphomas in p53-deficient mice. Thus, our results indicate that CKIdelta plays several roles in lymphocyte physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Maritzen
- Heinrich-Pette-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie an der Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|