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Uberoi A, McCready-Vangi A, Grice EA. The wound microbiota: microbial mechanisms of impaired wound healing and infection. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01035-z. [PMID: 38575708 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The skin barrier protects the human body from invasion by exogenous and pathogenic microorganisms. A breach in this barrier exposes the underlying tissue to microbial contamination, which can lead to infection, delayed healing, and further loss of tissue and organ integrity. Delayed wound healing and chronic wounds are associated with comorbidities, including diabetes, advanced age, immunosuppression and autoimmune disease. The wound microbiota can influence each stage of the multi-factorial repair process and influence the likelihood of an infection. Pathogens that commonly infect wounds, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, express specialized virulence factors that facilitate adherence and invasion. Biofilm formation and other polymicrobial interactions contribute to host immunity evasion and resistance to antimicrobial therapies. Anaerobic organisms, fungal and viral pathogens, and emerging drug-resistant microorganisms present unique challenges for diagnosis and therapy. In this Review, we explore the current understanding of how microorganisms present in wounds impact the process of skin repair and lead to infection through their actions on the host and the other microbial wound inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Uberoi
- Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amelia McCready-Vangi
- Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Jolly A, Barnech ML, Duarte JJ, Suhevic J, Jar AM, Mundo SL. Evidence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis binding to albumin: technical and biological implications. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:271-278. [PMID: 37656341 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Albumin binding ability is a well-characterized feature of many bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports about this ability among mycobacteria, even when bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common component of supplements used for the enrichment of synthetic media for mycobacterial growth in vitro and also of buffers used in laboratory techniques. In this work we explored the albumin binding ability of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a pathogenic bacterium causing a known and relevant ruminant disease worldwide, by immunizing rabbits with MAP (grown in media containing or not BSA) or BSA and conducting ELISA and immunoblot experiments with the obtained sera. As a result, we found that MAP can bind BSA when cultured in a conventional BSA-containing medium and when incubated for a short time in the presence of the protein. We also evaluated the host specificity of MAP interaction with albumin and found a preference for the protein of bovine origin when compared with its horse and rabbit homologs. Considerations about its technical and biological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jolly
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Inmunología, (0054) 11-5287-2155, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Barnech
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Inmunología, (0054) 11-5287-2155, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Duarte
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Inmunología, (0054) 11-5287-2155, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Suhevic
- Escuela de Educación Técnico Profesional de nivel medio en Producción Agropecuaria y Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Jar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Inmunología, (0054) 11-5287-2155, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Leonor Mundo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Inmunología, (0054) 11-5287-2155, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Russell PPS, Rickard MM, Boob M, Gruebele M, Pogorelov TV. In silico protein dynamics in the human cytoplasm: Partial folding, misfolding, fold switching, and non-native interactions. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4790. [PMID: 37774143 PMCID: PMC10578126 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We examine the influence of cellular interactions in all-atom models of a section of the Homo sapiens cytoplasm on the early folding events of the three-helix bundle protein B (PB). While genetically engineered PB is known to fold in dilute water box simulations in three microseconds, the three initially unfolded PB copies in our two cytoplasm models using a similar force field did not reach the native state during 30-microsecond simulations. We did however capture the formation of all three helices in a compact native-like topology. Folding in vivo is delayed because intramolecular contact formation within PB is in direct competition with intermolecular contacts between PB and surrounding macromolecules. In extreme cases, intermolecular beta-sheets are formed. Interactions with other macromolecules are also observed to promote structure formation, for example when a PB helix in our simulations is shielded from solvent by macromolecular crowding. Sticking and crowding in our models initiate sampling of helix/sheet structural plasticity of PB. Relatedly, in past in vitro experiments, similar GA domains were shown to switch between two different folds. Finally, we also observed that stickiness between PB and the cellular environment can be modulated in our simulations through the reduction in protein hydrophobicity when we reversed PB back to the wild-type sequence. This study demonstrates that even fast-folding proteins can get stuck in non-native states in the cell, making them useful models for protein-chaperone interactions and early stages of aggregate formation relevant to cellular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith M. Rickard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Mayank Boob
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Taras V. Pogorelov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- National Center for Supercomputing ApplicationsUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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4
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Ullah A, Shin G, Lim SI. Human serum albumin binders: A piggyback ride for long-acting therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103738. [PMID: 37591409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in the blood and has desirable properties as a drug carrier. One of the most promising ways to exploit HSA as a carrier is to append an albumin-binding moiety (ABM) to a drug for in situ HSA binding upon administration. Nature- and library-derived ABMs vary in size, affinity, and epitope, differentially improving the pharmacokinetics of an appended drug. In this review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding various aspects of ABMs and the unique advantages of ABM-mediated drug delivery. Furthermore, we discuss how ABMs can be specifically modulated to maximize potential benefits in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Goeun Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Nbios Inc, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine BioResource Co., Ltd., 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48548, Republic of Korea.
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5
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding of Glycated Serum Albumin-Its Potential Role in the Pathogenesis of the COVID-19 Clinical Syndromes and Bias towards Individuals with Pre-Diabetes/Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084126. [PMID: 35456942 PMCID: PMC9030890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection requires antibody recognition of the spike protein. In a study designed to examine the molecular features of anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, patient plasma proteins binding to pre-fusion stabilised complete spike and nucleocapsid proteins were isolated and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. Amongst the immunoglobulins, a high affinity for human serum albumin was evident in the anti-spike preparations. Careful mass comparison revealed the preferential capture of advanced glycation end product (AGE) forms of glycated human serum albumin by the pre-fusion spike protein. The ability of bacteria and viruses to surround themselves with serum proteins is a recognised immune evasion and pathogenic process. The preference of SARS-CoV-2 for AGE forms of glycated serum albumin may in part explain the severity and pathology of acute respiratory distress and the bias towards the elderly and those with (pre)diabetic and atherosclerotic/metabolic disease.
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6
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Lee DU, Kim DW, Lee SY, Choi DY, Choi SY, Moon KS, Shon MY, Moon MJ. Amino acid-mediated negatively charged surface improve antifouling and tribological characteristics for medical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112314. [PMID: 35033790 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To prevent infections associated with biomedical catheters, various antimicrobial coatings have been investigated. However, those materials do not provide consistent antibacterial effects or biocompatibility, generally, due to degradation of the coating materials, in vivo. Additionally, biomedical catheters must have low surface friction to reduce tribological damage. In this study, we developed an antifouling surface composed of biocompatible amino acids (leucine, taurine, and aspartic acid) on polyimide, via modification using a series of facile immersion steps with waterborne reactions. The naturally derived amino acid could be formed highly biostable amide bonds on the polyimide surface like peptides. The amino acid-modified surface formed a water layer with antifouling performance through the hydrophilic properties of amino acids. Amino acid-mediated modification reduced adhesion up to 84.45% and 94.81% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively, and exhibited an excellent prevention to adhesion against the proteins, albumin and fibrinogen. Evaluation of the surface friction of the catheter revealed a dramatic reduction in the tribological force after amino acid modification on polyimide that of 0.81 N to aspartic acid of 0.44 N. These results clearly demonstrate a reduced occurrence of infections, thrombi and tribological damage following the relatively facile surface modification of catheters. The proposed modification method can be used in a continuous manufacturing process via using the same time of modification steps for the easy producing the product. Moreover, the method uses biocompatible naturally derived materials and can be applied to medical equipment that requires biocompatibility and biofunctionality with polyimide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Uk Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeup Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Choi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Moon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, School of materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Shon
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Jun Moon
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhou Y, Yang K, Cheng M, Cheng Y, Li Y, Ai G, Bai T, Xu R, Duan W, Peng H, Li X, Xia A, Wang Y, Jing M, Dou D, Dickman MB. Double-faced role of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 7 in plant-Phytophthora interaction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5751-5765. [PMID: 34195821 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to their sessile nature, plants must respond to various environmental assaults in a coordinated manner. The endoplasmic reticulum is a central hub for plant responses to various stresses. We previously showed that Phytophthora utilizes effector PsAvh262-mediated binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) accumulation for suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered cell death. As a BiP binding partner, Bcl-2-associated athanogene 7 (BAG7) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the unfolded protein response, but little is known about its role in plant immunity. In this work, we reveal a double-faced role of BAG7 in Arabidopsis-Phytophthora interaction in which it regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immunity oppositely in different cellular compartments. In detail, it acts as a susceptibility factor in the endoplasmic reticulum, but plays a resistance role in the nucleus against Phytophthora. Phytophthora infection triggers the endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus translocation of BAG7, the same as abiotic heat stress; however, this process can be prevented by PsAvh262-mediated BiP accumulation. Moreover, the immunoglobulin/albumin-binding domain in PsAvh262 is essential for both pathogen virulence and BiP accumulation. Taken together, our study uncovers a double-faced role of BAG7; Phytophthora advances its colonization in planta by utilizing an effector to detain BAG7 in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gan Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tian Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruofei Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ai Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Collage of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Marty B Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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8
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Martinez J, Razo-Gutierrez C, Le C, Courville R, Pimentel C, Liu C, Fung SE, Tuttobene MR, Phan K, Vila AJ, Shahrestani P, Jimenez V, Tolmasky ME, Becka SA, Papp-Wallace KM, Bonomo RA, Soler-Bistue A, Sieira R, Ramirez MS. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) augments metabolism and virulence expression factors in Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4737. [PMID: 33637791 PMCID: PMC7910304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen described as an "urgent threat." Infection with this bacterium manifests as different diseases such as community and nosocomial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, infections of the urinary tract, wound infections, burn infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and meningitis. In particular, nosocomial meningitis, an unwelcome complication of neurosurgery caused by extensively-drug resistant (XDR) A. baumannii, is extremely challenging to manage. Therefore, understanding how A. baumannii adapts to different host environments, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that may trigger changes in expression of virulence factors that are associated with the successful establishment and progress of this infection is necessary. The present in-vitro work describes, the genetic changes that occur during A. baumannii infiltration into CSF and displays A. baumannii's expansive versatility to persist in a nutrient limited environment while enhancing several virulence factors to survive and persist. While a hypervirulent A. baumannii strain did not show changes in its transcriptome when incubated in the presence of CSF, a low-virulence isolate showed significant differences in gene expression and phenotypic traits. Exposure to 4% CSF caused increased expression of virulence factors such as fimbriae, pilins, and iron chelators, and other virulence determinants that was confirmed in various model systems. Furthermore, although CSF's presence did not enhance bacterial growth, an increase of expression of genes encoding transcription, translation, and the ATP synthesis machinery was observed. This work also explores A. baumannii's response to an essential component, human serum albumin (HSA), within CSF to trigger the differential expression of genes associated with its pathoadaptibility in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Martinez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Chelsea Razo-Gutierrez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Casin Le
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Robert Courville
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Camila Pimentel
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Christine Liu
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Sammie E Fung
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Marisel R Tuttobene
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Kimberly Phan
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Parvin Shahrestani
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Marcelo E Tolmasky
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Scott A Becka
- Research Service and GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Krisztina M Papp-Wallace
- Research Service and GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service and GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alfonso Soler-Bistue
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Sieira
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - IIBBA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Soledad Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
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9
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Vita GM, De Simone G, Leboffe L, Montagnani F, Mariotti D, Di Bella S, Luzzati R, Gori A, Ascenzi P, di Masi A. Human Serum Albumin Binds Streptolysin O (SLO) Toxin Produced by Group A Streptococcus and Inhibits Its Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Effects. Front Immunol 2020; 11:507092. [PMID: 33363530 PMCID: PMC7752801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.507092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of group A Streptococcus (GAS) is mediated by direct bacterial invasivity and toxin-associated damage. Among the extracellular products, the exotoxin streptolysin O (SLO) is produced by almost all GAS strains. SLO is a pore forming toxin (PFT) hemolitically active and extremely toxic in vivo. Recent evidence suggests that human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a player in the innate immunity "orchestra." We previously demonstrated that HSA acts as a physiological buffer, partially neutralizing Clostridioides difficile toxins that reach the bloodstream after being produced in the colon. Here, we report the in vitro and ex vivo capability of HSA to neutralize the cytotoxic and hemolytic effects of SLO. HSA binds SLO with high affinity at a non-conventional site located in domain II, which was previously reported to interact also with C. difficile toxins. HSA:SLO recognition protects HEp-2 and A549 cells from cytotoxic effects and cell membrane permeabilization induced by SLO. Moreover, HSA inhibits the SLO-dependent hemolytic effect in red blood cells isolated from healthy human donors. The recognition of SLO by HSA may have a significant protective role in human serum and sustains the emerging hypothesis that HSA is an important constituent of the innate immunity system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Di Bella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinical Department of Medical, Siurgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinical Department of Medical, Siurgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
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10
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Taniguchi T, Ohki M, Urata A, Ohshiro S, Tarigan E, Kiatsomphob S, Vetchapitak T, Sato H, Misawa N. Detection and identification of adhesins involved in adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to chicken skin. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108929. [PMID: 33157488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Chickens are considered to be one of the major reservoirs of Campylobacter infection in humans due to colonization of their intestinal tract. When the chickens are slaughtered and processed, the entire skin of the carcass becomes contaminated with campylobacters. We observed that the number of C. jejuni attached to chicken skin was reduced significantly after treatment of the skin with sodium hydroxide followed by washing with PBS, implying that adhesion factors involved in binding to C. jejuni may exist on skin. Such potential binding-related proteins present in alkaline extracts of the skin surface were detected by a two-dimensional overlay assay and identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chicken serum albumin (CSA) was identified as a major protein in these alkaline extracts and confirmed by ELISA to bind specifically to C. jejuni. Moreover, using the same approach, flagellar hook protein E (FlgE) and major outer membrane protein (MOMP) in C. jejuni were identified as bacterial adhesins that bound to the CSA. The ability to bind CSA was also confirmed using recombinant FlgE and MOMP of C. jejuni expressed in Escherichia coli. The present findings suggest that adhesins expressed on C. jejuni cells may bind specifically via proteins present on the skin, as well as by physical attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Taniguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ohki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ayaka Urata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Ohshiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Elpita Tarigan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Savek Kiatsomphob
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Torrung Vetchapitak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical radiology, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Naoaki Misawa
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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11
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Neumann A, Björck L, Frick IM. Finegoldia magna, an Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacterium of the Normal Human Microbiota, Induces Inflammation by Activating Neutrophils. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32117109 PMCID: PMC7025542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive anaerobic commensal Finegoldia magna colonizes the skin and other non-sterile body surfaces, and is an important opportunistic pathogen. Here we analyzed the effect of F. magna on human primary neutrophils. F. magna strains ALB8 (expressing protein FAF), 312 (expressing protein L) and 505 (naturally lacking both protein FAF and L) as well as their associated proteins activate neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species, an indication for neutrophil oxidative burst. Co-incubation of neutrophils with the bacteria leads to a strong increase of CD66b surface expression, another indicator for neutrophil activation. Furthermore, all tested stimuli triggered the release of NETs from the activated neutrophils, pointing to a host defense mechanism in response to the tested stimuli. This phenotype is dependent on actin rearrangement, NADPH oxidases and the ERK1/2 pathway. Proteins FAF and L also induced the secretion of several pro-inflammatory neutrophil proteins; HBP, IL-8 and INFγ. This study shows for the first time a direct interaction of F. magna with human neutrophils and suggests that the activation of neutrophils plays a role in F. magna pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Neumann
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Sheng W, Geng J, Li L, Shang Y, Jiang M, Zhen Y. An albumin‑binding domain and targeting peptide‑based recombinant protein and its enediyne‑integrated analogue exhibit directional delivery and potent inhibitory activity on pancreatic cancer with K‑ras mutation. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:851-863. [PMID: 32020213 PMCID: PMC7041235 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient enrichment and transmembrane transport of cytotoxic reagents are considered to be effective strategies to increase the efficiency and selectivity of antitumor drugs targeting solid tumors. In the present study, a recombinant protein ABD‑LDP‑Ec consisting of the albumin‑binding domain (ABD), the apoprotein (LDP) of lidamycin (LDM) and an EGFR‑targeting oligopeptide (Ec) was prepared by DNA recombination and bacterial fermentation, and was integrated with the enediyne chromophore (AE) of lidamycin to generate its enediyne‑integrated analogue ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE. ABD‑LDP‑Ec exhibited high binding capacity to both albumin and EGFR‑positive pancreatic cancer cells, and was internalized into the cytoplasm through receptor‑mediated endocytosis and albumin‑driven macropinocytosis of K‑ras mutant cells. In animal experiments, ABD‑LDP‑Ec demonstrated notable selective distribution in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts by passive targeting of albumin captured in the blood and was retained in the tumor for 48 h. ABD‑LDP‑Ec and ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE exhibited inhibitory activity in cell proliferation and AsPC‑1 xenograft growth, and ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE increased the tumor growth inhibition rate by 20% compared with natural LDM. The results indicated that the introduction of ABD‑based multi‑functional drug delivery may be an effective approach to improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs, especially for K‑ras mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Sheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing Geng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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13
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Cendra MDM, Blanco-Cabra N, Pedraz L, Torrents E. Optimal environmental and culture conditions allow the in vitro coexistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in stable biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16284. [PMID: 31705015 PMCID: PMC6841682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence between species that occurs in some infections remains hard to achieve in vitro since bacterial fitness differences eventually lead to a single organism dominating the mixed culture. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are major pathogens found growing together in biofilms in disease-affected lungs or wounds. Herein, we tested and analyzed different culture media, additives and environmental conditions to support P. aeruginosa and S. aureus coexistence in vitro. We have unraveled the potential of DMEM to support the growth of these two organisms in mature cocultured biofilms (three days old) in an environment that dampens the pH rise. Our conditions use equal initial inoculation ratios of both strains and allow the stable formation of separate S. aureus microcolonies that grow embedded in a P. aeruginosa biofilm, as well as S. aureus biofilm overgrowth when bovine serum albumin is added to the system. Remarkably, we also found that S. aureus survival is strictly dependent on a well-characterized phenomenon of oxygen stratification present in the coculture biofilm. An analysis of differential tolerance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin treatment, depending on whether P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were growing in mono- or coculture biofilms, was used to validate our in vitro coculture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Cendra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Pedraz
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Quinn B, Rodman N, Jara E, Fernandez JS, Martinez J, Traglia GM, Montaña S, Cantera V, Place K, Bonomo RA, Iriarte A, Ramírez MS. Human serum albumin alters specific genes that can play a role in survival and persistence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14741. [PMID: 30282985 PMCID: PMC6170387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a notorious nosocomial pathogen because of its ability to acquire genetic material and persist in extreme environments. Recently, human serum albumin (HSA) was shown to significantly increase natural transformation frequency in A. baumannii. This observation led us to perform transcriptomic analysis of strain A118 under HSA induction to identify genes that are altered by HSA. Our results revealed the statistically significant differential expression of 296 protein-coding genes, including those associated with motility, biofilm formation, metabolism, efflux pumps, capsule synthesis, and transcriptional regulation. Phenotypic analysis of these traits showed an increase in surface-associated motility, a decrease in biofilm formation, reduced activity of a citric acid cycle associated enzyme, and increased survival associated with zinc availability. Furthermore, the expression of genes known to play a role in pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance were altered. These genes included those associated with RND-type efflux pumps, the type VI secretion system, iron acquisition/metabolism, and ß-lactam resistance. Together, these results illustrate how human products, in particular HSA, may play a significant role in both survival and persistence of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brettni Quinn
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Nyah Rodman
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Eugenio Jara
- Área Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennifer S Fernandez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Martinez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - German M Traglia
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Montaña
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos, Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Cantera
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Dpto. de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kori Place
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Medical Service and GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andres Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Dpto. de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA.
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15
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Brüggemann H, Jensen A, Nazipi S, Aslan H, Meyer RL, Poehlein A, Brzuszkiewicz E, Al-Zeer MA, Brinkmann V, Söderquist B. Pan-genome analysis of the genus Finegoldia identifies two distinct clades, strain-specific heterogeneity, and putative virulence factors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:266. [PMID: 29321635 PMCID: PMC5762925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Finegoldia magna, a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with medical device-related infections. F. magna is the only described species of the genus Finegoldia. We report the analysis of 17 genomes of Finegoldia isolates. Phylogenomic analyses showed that the Finegoldia population can be divided into two distinct clades, with an average nucleotide identity of 90.7%. One clade contains strains of F. magna, whereas the other clade includes more heterogeneous strains, hereafter tentatively named "Finegoldia nericia". The latter species appears to be more abundant in the human microbiome. Surface structure differences between strains of F. magna and "F. nericia" were detected by microscopy. Strain-specific heterogeneity is high and previously identified host-interacting factors are present only in subsets of "F. nericia" and F. magna strains. However, all genomes encode multiple host factor-binding proteins such as albumin-, collagen-, and immunoglobulin-binding proteins, and two to four copies of CAMP (Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen) factors; in accordance, most strains show a positive CAMP reaction for co-hemolysis. Our work sheds new light of the genus Finegoldia and its ability to bind host components. Future research should explore if the genomic differences identified here affect the potential of different Finegoldia species and strains to cause opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seven Nazipi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hüsnü Aslan
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Brzuszkiewicz
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Munir A Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bo Söderquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70185, Örebro, Sweden
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16
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Im H, Son S, Mitchell RJ, Ghim CM. Serum albumin and osmolality inhibit Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus predation in human serum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5896. [PMID: 28725056 PMCID: PMC5517470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the bactericidal activity of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, strain HD100, within blood sera against bacterial strains commonly associated with bacteremic infections, including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica. Tests show that B. bacteriovorus HD100 is not susceptible to serum complement or its bactericidal activity. After a two hour exposure to human sera, the prey populations decreased 15- to 7,300-fold due to the serum complement activity while, in contrast, the B. bacteriovorus HD100 population showed a loss of only 33%. Dot blot analyses showed that this is not due to the absence of antibodies against this predator. Predation in human serum was inhibited, though, by both the osmolality and serum albumin. The activity of B. bacteriovorus HD100 showed a sharp transition between 200 and 250 mOsm/kg, and was progressively reduced as the osmolality increased. Serum albumin also acted to inhibit predation by binding to and coating the predatory cells. This was confirmed via dot blot analyses and confocal microscopy. The results from both the osmolality and serum albumin tests were incorporated into a numerical model describing bacterial predation of pathogens. In conclusion, both of these factors inhibit predation and, as such, they limit its effectiveness against pathogenic prey located within sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Im
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmo Son
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Ghim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Albumin, in the Presence of Calcium, Elicits a Massive Increase in Extracellular Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00198-17. [PMID: 28396321 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00198-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough), caused by Bordetella pertussis, is resurging in the United States and worldwide. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is a critical factor in establishing infection with B. pertussis and acts by specifically inhibiting the response of myeloid leukocytes to the pathogen. We report here that serum components, as discovered during growth in fetal bovine serum (FBS), elicit a robust increase in the amount of ACT, and ≥90% of this ACT is localized to the supernatant, unlike growth without FBS, in which ≥90% is associated with the bacterium. We have found that albumin, in the presence of physiological concentrations of calcium, acts specifically to enhance the amount of ACT and its localization to the supernatant. Respiratory secretions, which contain albumin, promote an increase in amount and localization of active ACT that is comparable to that elicited by serum and albumin. The response to albumin is not mediated through regulation of ACT at the transcriptional level or activation of the Bvg two-component system. As further illustration of the specificity of this phenomenon, serum collected from mice that lack albumin does not stimulate an increase in ACT. These data, demonstrating that albumin and calcium act synergistically in the host environment to increase production and release of ACT, strongly suggest that this phenomenon reflects a novel host-pathogen interaction that is central to infection with B. pertussis and other Bordetella species.
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18
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Boyanova L, Markovska R, Mitov I. Virulence arsenal of the most pathogenic species among the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, Finegoldia magna. Anaerobe 2016; 42:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Song C, Wang Q, Xue T, Wang Y, Chen G. Molecular dynamics simulations on the conformational transitions from the G A 98 (G A 88) to G B 98 (G B 88) proteins. J Mol Recognit 2016; 29:580-595. [PMID: 27480925 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed conventional and targeted molecular dynamics simulations to address the dynamic transition mechanisms of the conformational transitions from the GA 98 protein with only 1 mutation of Leu45Tyr to GB 98 and from the GA 88 protein with 7 mutations of Gly24Ala, Ile25Thr, Ile30Phe, Ile33Tyr, Leu45Tyr, Ile49Thr, and Leu50Lys to GB 88. The results show that the conformational transition mechanism from the mutated 3α GA 98 (GA 88) state to the α+4β GB 98 (GB 88) state via several intermediate conformations involves the bending of loops at the N and C termini firstly, the unfolding of αA and αC, then the traversing of αB, and the formation of the 4β layer with the conversion of the hydrophobic core. The bending of loops at the N and C termini and the formation of the crucial transition conformation with the full unfolded structure are key factors in their transition processes. The communication of the interaction network, the bending directions of loops, and the traversing site of αB in the transition of GA 98 to GB 98 are markedly different from those in GA 88 to GB 88 because of the different mutated residues. The analysis of the correlations and the calculated mass center distances between some segments further supported their conformational transition mechanisms. These results could help people to better understand the Paracelsus challenge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Song
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Xue
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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20
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Jing M, Guo B, Li H, Yang B, Wang H, Kong G, Zhao Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Ye W, Dong S, Qiao Y, Tyler BM, Ma W, Wang Y. A Phytophthora sojae effector suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immunity by stabilizing plant Binding immunoglobulin Proteins. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11685. [PMID: 27256489 PMCID: PMC4895818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora pathogens secrete an array of specific effector proteins to manipulate host innate immunity to promote pathogen colonization. However, little is known about the host targets of effectors and the specific mechanisms by which effectors increase susceptibility. Here we report that the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae uses an essential effector PsAvh262 to stabilize endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-luminal binding immunoglobulin proteins (BiPs), which act as negative regulators of plant resistance to Phytophthora. By stabilizing BiPs, PsAvh262 suppresses ER stress-triggered cell death and facilitates Phytophthora infection. The direct targeting of ER stress regulators may represent a common mechanism of host manipulation by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Baodian Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095 Nanjing, China
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21
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Murphy EC, Mörgelin M, Reinhardt DP, Olin AI, Björck L, Frick IM. Identification of molecular mechanisms used by Finegoldia magna to penetrate and colonize human skin. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:403-17. [PMID: 25164331 PMCID: PMC4241043 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Finegoldia magna is a Gram-positive anaerobic commensal of the human skin microbiota, but also known to act as an opportunistic pathogen. Two primary virulence factors of F. magna are the subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease SufA and the adhesive protein FAF. This study examines the molecular mechanisms F. magna uses when colonizing or establishing an infection in the skin. FAF was found to be essential in the initial adherence of F. magna to human skin biopsies. In the upper layers of the epidermis FAF mediates adhesion through binding to galectin-7 - a keratinocyte cell marker. Once the bacteria moved deeper into the skin to the basement membrane layer, SufA was found to degrade collagen IV which forms the backbone structure of the basement membrane. It also degraded collagen V, whereby F. magna could reach deeper dermal tissue sites. In the dermis, FAF interacts with collagen V and fibrillin, which presumably helps the bacteria to establish infection in this area. The findings of this study paint a clear picture of how F. magna interacts with human skin and explain how it is such a successful opportunistic pathogen in chronic wounds and ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Murphy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Murphy EC, Mohanty T, Frick IM. FAF and SufA: proteins of Finegoldia magna that modulate the antibacterial activity of histones. J Innate Immun 2013; 6:394-404. [PMID: 24335013 DOI: 10.1159/000356432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens have developed methods to overcome the defences of the host innate immune system. One such defence is the release of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Histones have been found to function as AMPs, in addition to their main biological function of packaging and organising DNA into nucleosomes. In this study, the Gram-positive anaerobic coccus Finegoldia magna was found to bind histones by Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis. F. magna, which is normally a commensal of the skin and mucous membranes, is also known to act as an opportunistic pathogen and has been isolated from various clinical infection sites. It was found to bind to histones extracted from human skin epidermis through its surface and extracellular adhesion protein FAF. Through FAF binding, F. magna was protected from histone bactericidal activity. Furthermore, the histones were found to be degraded by SufA, a subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease of F. magna. Hence, the results of the present study will give more insight into how F. magna persists both as a commensal organism at the basement membrane of the skin and as an opportunistic pathogen during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Murphy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Wollein Waldetoft K, Karlsson C, Gram M, Malmström J, Mörgelin M, Frick IM, Björck L. Surface proteins of group G Streptococcus in different phases of growth: patterns of production and implications for the host-bacteria relationship. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 160:279-286. [PMID: 24222616 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.071332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Group G Streptococcus (GGS) is a human bacterial pathogen expressing surface proteins FOG and protein G (PG) which interact with several host defence systems, including the complement and contact systems. Selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, electron microscopy and protein binding assays were used to track the amounts of FOG and PG intracellularly and on the bacterial surface during different phases of growth. Large and increasing amounts of PG were present on the surface in the stationary growth phase, and this was due to de novo production. In contrast, the amount of FOG did not change substantially during this phase. Apart from PG, a number of housekeeping proteins also increased in abundance in the stationary phase. These results show that GGS protein production is active during the stationary phase and that the bacteria actively remodel their surface and enter a less pro-inflammatory state in this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga-Maria Frick
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Björck
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Nilvebrant J, Hober S. The albumin-binding domain as a scaffold for protein engineering. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 6:e201303009. [PMID: 24688717 PMCID: PMC3962080 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201303009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The albumin-binding domain is a small, three-helical protein domain found in various surface proteins expressed by gram-positive bacteria. Albumin binding is important in bacterial pathogenesis and several homologous domains have been identified. Such albumin-binding regions have been used for protein purification or immobilization. Moreover, improvement of the pharmacokinetics, through the non-covalent association to albumin, by fusing such domains to therapeutic proteins has been shown to be successful. Domains derived from streptococcal protein G and protein PAB from Finegoldia magna, which share a common origin and therefore represent an interesting evolutionary system, have been thoroughly studied structurally and functionally. Their albumin-binding sites have been mapped and these domains form the basis for a wide range of protein engineering approaches. By substitution-mutagenesis they have been engineered to achieve a broader specificity, an increased stability or an improved binding affinity, respectively. Furthermore, novel binding sites have been incorporated either by replacing the original albumin-binding surface, or by complementing it with a novel interaction interface. Combinatorial protein libraries, where several residues have been randomized simultaneously, have generated a large number of new variants with desired binding characteristics. The albumin-binding domain has also been utilized to explore the relationship between three-dimensional structure and amino acid sequence. Proteins with latent structural information built into their sequence, where a single amino acid substitution shifts the equilibrium in favor of a different fold with a new function, have been designed. Altogether, these examples illustrate the versatility of the albumin-binding domain as a scaffold for protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Nilvebrant
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Murphy EC, Frick IM. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci--commensals and opportunistic pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 37:520-53. [PMID: 23030831 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria associated with clinical infections, the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are the most prominent and account for approximately 25-30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. Still, routine culture and identification of these slowly growing anaerobes to the species level has been limited in the diagnostic laboratory, mainly due to the requirement of prolonged incubation times and time-consuming phenotypic identification. In addition, GPAC are mostly isolated from polymicrobial infections with known pathogens and therefore their relevance has often been overlooked. However, through improvements in diagnostic and in particular molecular techniques, the isolation and identification of individual genera and species of GPAC associated with specific infections have been enhanced. Furthermore, the taxonomy of GPAC has undergone considerable changes over the years, mainly due to the development of molecular identification methods. Existing species have been renamed and novel species have been added, resulting in changes of the nomenclature. As the abundance and significance of GPAC in clinical infections grow, knowledge of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of different species becomes more important. The present review describes recent advances of GPAC and what is known of the biology and pathogenic effects of Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Parvimonas, Peptoniphilus and Peptostreptococcus, the most important GPAC genera isolated from human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Carmel Murphy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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26
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Malmström J, Karlsson C, Nordenfelt P, Ossola R, Weisser H, Quandt A, Hansson K, Aebersold R, Malmström L, Björck L. Streptococcus pyogenes in human plasma: adaptive mechanisms analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:1415-25. [PMID: 22117078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major bacterial pathogen and a potent inducer of inflammation causing plasma leakage at the site of infection. A combination of label-free quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategies were used to measure how the intracellular proteome homeostasis of S. pyogenes is influenced by the presence of human plasma, identifying and quantifying 842 proteins. In plasma the bacterium modifies its production of 213 proteins, and the most pronounced change was the complete down-regulation of proteins required for fatty acid biosynthesis. Fatty acids are transported by albumin (HSA) in plasma. S. pyogenes expresses HSA-binding surface proteins, and HSA carrying fatty acids reduced the amount of fatty acid biosynthesis proteins to the same extent as plasma. The results clarify the function of HSA-binding proteins in S. pyogenes and underline the power of the quantitative mass spectrometry strategy used here to investigate bacterial adaptation to a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Malmström
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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27
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Christner M, Franke GC, Schommer NN, Wendt U, Wegert K, Pehle P, Kroll G, Schulze C, Buck F, Mack D, Aepfelbacher M, Rohde H. The giant extracellular matrix-binding protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis mediates biofilm accumulation and attachment to fibronectin. Mol Microbiol 2009; 75:187-207. [PMID: 19943904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Virulence of nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis is essentially related to formation of adherent biofilms, assembled by bacterial attachment to an artificial surface and subsequent production of a matrix that mediates interbacterial adhesion. Growing evidence supports the idea that proteins are functionally involved in S. epidermidis biofilm accumulation. We found that in S. epidermidis 1585v overexpression of a 460 kDa truncated isoform of the extracellular matrix-binding protein (Embp) is necessary for biofilm formation. Embp is a giant fibronectin-binding protein harbouring 59 Found In Various Architectures (FIVAR) and 38 protein G-related albumin-binding (GA) domains. Studies using defined Embp-positive and -negative S. epidermidis strains proved that Embp is sufficient and necessary for biofilm formation. Further data showed that the FIVAR domains of Embp mediate binding of S. epidermidis to solid-phase attached fibronectin, constituting the first step of biofilm formation on conditioned surfaces. The binding site in fibronectin was assigned to the fibronectin domain type III12. Embp-mediated biofilm formation also protected S. epidermidis from phagocytosis by macrophages. Thus, Embp is a multifunctional cell surface protein that mediates attachment to host extracellular matrix, biofilm accumulation and escape from phagocytosis, and therefore is well suited for promoting implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Christner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Karlsson C, Mörgelin M, Collin M, Lood R, Andersson ML, Schmidtchen A, Björck L, Frick IM. SufA - a bacterial enzyme that cleaves fibrinogen and blocks fibrin network formation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:238-248. [PMID: 19118364 PMCID: PMC2885652 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.021311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Finegoldia magna is a member of the normal human bacterial flora on the skin and other non-sterile body surfaces, but this anaerobic coccus is also an important opportunistic pathogen. SufA was the first F. magna proteinase to be isolated and characterized. Many bacterial pathogens interfere with different steps of blood coagulation, and here we describe how purified SufA efficiently and specifically cleaves fibrinogen in human plasma. SufA is both secreted by F. magna and associated with the bacterial surface. Successful gene targeting has previously not been performed in anaerobic cocci, but in order to study the role of the SufA that is present at the bacterial surface, we constructed an F. magna mutant that expresses a truncated SufA lacking proteolytic activity. In contrast to wild-type bacteria that delayed the coagulation of human plasma, mutant bacteria had no such effect. Wild-type and mutant bacteria adhered to keratinocytes equally well, but in a plasma environment only wild-type bacteria blocked the formation of fibrin networks surrounding adherent bacteria. The effective cleavage of fibrinogen by SufA suggests that the interference with fibrin network formation represents an adaptive mechanism of F. magna with potential implications also for pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Collin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lood
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Andersson
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Björck
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga-Maria Frick
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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29
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Frick IM, Karlsson C, Mörgelin M, Olin AI, Janjusevic R, Hammarström C, Holst E, de Château M, Björck L. Identification of a novel protein promoting the colonization and survival of Finegoldia magna, a bacterial commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Mol Microbiol 2008; 70:695-708. [PMID: 18808384 PMCID: PMC2628433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria dominate the human normal microbiota, but strikingly little is known about these commensals. Finegoldia magna is a Gram-positive anaerobe found in the skin and at other non-sterile body surfaces, but it is also an opportunistic pathogen. This study describes a novel protein designated FAF (F. magna adhesion factor) and expressed by more than 90% of F. magna isolates. The protein is present in substantial quantities at the F. magna surface but is also released from the surface. FAF forms large protein aggregates in solution and surface-associated FAF causes bacterial clumping. In skin F. magna bacteria were localized to the epidermis, where they adhere to basement membranes. FAF was found to mediate this adhesion via interactions with BM-40, a basement membrane protein. The biological significance of FAF is further underlined by the observation that it blocks the activity of LL-37, a major human antibacterial peptide. Altogether, the data demonstrate that FAF plays an important role in colonization and survival of F. magna in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga-Maria Frick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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30
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NMR structures of two designed proteins with high sequence identity but different fold and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:14412-7. [PMID: 18796611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805857105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How protein sequence codes for 3D structure remains a fundamental question in biology. One approach to understanding the folding code is to design a pair of proteins with maximal sequence identity but retaining different folds. Therefore, the nonidentities must be responsible for determining which fold topology prevails and constitute a fold-specific folding code. We recently designed two proteins, G(A)88 and G(B)88, with 88% sequence identity but different folds and functions [Alexander et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:11963-11968]. Here, we describe the detailed 3D structures of these proteins determined in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Despite a large number of mutations taking the sequence identity level from 16 to 88%, G(A)88 and G(B)88 maintain their distinct wild-type 3-alpha and alpha/beta folds, respectively. To our knowledge, the 3D-structure determination of two monomeric proteins with such high sequence identity but different fold topology is unprecedented. The geometries of the seven nonidentical residues (of 56 total) provide insights into the structural basis for switching between 3-alpha and alpha/beta conformations. Further mutation of a subset of these nonidentities, guided by the G(A)88 and G(B)88 structures, leads to proteins with even higher levels of sequence identity (95%) and different folds. Thus, conformational switching to an alternative monomeric fold of comparable stability can be effected with just a handful of mutations in a small protein. This result has implications for understanding not only the folding code but also the evolution of new folds.
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31
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Lejon S, Cramer JF, Nordberg P. Structural basis for the binding of naproxen to human serum albumin in the presence of fatty acids and the GA module. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:64-9. [PMID: 18259051 PMCID: PMC2374170 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910706770x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The previously determined crystal structure of the bacterial albumin-binding GA module in complex with human serum albumin (HSA) suggested the possibility of utilizing the complex in the study of ligand binding to HSA. As a continuation of these studies, the crystal structure of the HSA-GA complex with the drug molecule naproxen and the fatty acid decanoate bound to HSA has been determined to a resolution of 2.5 A. In terms of drug binding, the structure suggests that the binding of decanoate to the albumin molecule may play a role in making the haemin site in subdomain IB of the albumin molecule available for the binding of naproxen. In addition, structure comparisons with solved structures of HSA and of the HSA-GA complex show that the GA module is capable of binding to different conformations of HSA. The HSA-GA complex therefore emerges as a possible platform for the crystallographic study of specific HSA-drug interactions and of the influence exerted by the presence of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lejon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 596, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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32
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Calderon E, Carter E, Ramsey KM, Vande Waa JA, Green WK, Alpert MA. Necrotizing fasciitis: a complication of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Angiology 2007; 58:360-6. [PMID: 17626992 DOI: 10.1177/0003319707301752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary revascularization is rarely complicated by infection. Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, deep-seated, potentially life-threatening infection of fascia and subcutaneous tissues. We report herein 2 cases of NF in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization for treatment of acute coronary syndrome. These are the first 2 reported cases of NF associated with percutaneous coronary revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Calderon
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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33
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Alexander PA, He Y, Chen Y, Orban J, Bryan PN. The design and characterization of two proteins with 88% sequence identity but different structure and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11963-8. [PMID: 17609385 PMCID: PMC1906725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700922104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify a simplified code for conformational switching, we have redesigned two natural proteins to have 88% sequence identity but different tertiary structures: a 3-alpha helix fold and an alpha/beta fold. We describe the design of these homologous heteromorphic proteins, their structural properties as determined by NMR, their conformational stabilities, and their affinities for their respective ligands: IgG and serum albumin. Each of these proteins is completely folded at 25 degrees C, is monomeric, and retains the native binding activity. The complete binding epitope for both ligands is encoded within each of the proteins. The IgG-binding epitope is functional only in the alpha/beta fold, and the albumin-binding epitope is functional only in the 3-alpha fold. These results demonstrate that two monomeric folds and two different functions can be encoded with only 12% of the amino acids in a protein (7 of 56). The fact that 49 aa in these proteins are compatible with both folds shows that the essential information determining a fold can be highly concentrated in a few amino acids and that a very limited subset of interactions in the protein can tip the balance from one monomer fold to another. This delicate balance helps explain why protein structure prediction is so challenging. Furthermore, because a few mutations can result in both new conformation and new function, the evolution of new folds driven by natural selection for alternative functions may be much more probable than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Alexander
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yanan He
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yihong Chen
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - John Orban
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Philip N. Bryan
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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He Y, Chen Y, Rozak DA, Bryan PN, Orban J. An artificially evolved albumin binding module facilitates chemical shift epitope mapping of GA domain interactions with phylogenetically diverse albumins. Protein Sci 2007; 16:1490-4. [PMID: 17567743 PMCID: PMC2206689 DOI: 10.1110/ps.072799507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein G-related albumin-binding (GA) modules occur on the surface of numerous Gram-positive bacterial pathogens and their presence may promote bacterial growth and virulence in mammalian hosts. We recently used phage display selection to evolve a GA domain, PSD-1 (phage selected domain-1), which tightly bound phylogenetically diverse albumins. With respect to PSD-1's broad albumin binding specificity, it remained unclear how the evolved binding epitope compared to those of naturally occurring GA domains and whether PSD-1's binding mode was the same for different albumins. We investigate these questions here using chemical shift perturbation measurements of PSD-1 with rabbit serum albumin (RSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and put the results in the context of previous work on structure and dynamics of GA domains. Combined, these data provide insights into the requirements for broad binding specificity in GA-albumin interactions. Moreover, we note that using the phage-optimized PSD-1 protein significantly diminishes the effects of exchange broadening at the binding interface between GA modules and albumin, presumably through stabilization of a ligand-bound conformation. The employment of artificially evolved domains may be generally useful in NMR structural studies of other protein-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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35
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Cramer JF, Nordberg PA, Hajdu J, Lejon S. Crystal structure of a bacterial albumin-binding domain at 1.4 Å resolution. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3178-82. [PMID: 17575979 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The albumin-binding domain, or GA module, of the peptostreptococcal albumin-binding protein expressed in pathogenic strains of Finegoldia magna is believed to be responsible for the virulence and increased growth rate of these strains. Here we present the 1.4A crystal structure of this domain, and compare it with the crystal structure of the GA-albumin complex. An analysis of protein-protein interactions in the two crystals, and the presence of multimeric GA species in solution, indicate the GA module is "sticky", and is capable of forming contacts with a range of protein surfaces. This might lead to interactions with different host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Flyvholm Cramer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
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36
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He Y, Rozak DA, Sari N, Chen Y, Bryan P, Orban J. Structure, Dynamics, and Stability Variation in Bacterial Albumin Binding Modules: Implications for Species Specificity,. Biochemistry 2006; 45:10102-9. [PMID: 16906768 DOI: 10.1021/bi060409m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein G-related albumin-binding (GA) modules are frequently expressed on the surfaces of bacterial cells. The limited amino acid sequence variation among GA modules results in structural and functional differences with possible implications for bacterial pathogenesis and host specificity. In particular, the streptococcal G148-GA3 and F. magna ALB8-GA albumin-binding domains exhibit a degree of structural and dynamic diversity that may account for their varied affinities for different species of albumin. To explore the impact of GA module polymorphisms on albumin binding and specificity, we recently used offset recombinant PCR to shuffle seven artificially constructed representatives of the GA sequence space and scan the phage-displayed recombinant domains for mutations that supported binding to the phylogenetically distinct human and guinea pig serum albumins (HSA and GPSA) (Rozak et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 3263-3271). Surprisingly, phage selection revealed an overwhelming preference for a single recombinant domain (PSD-1, phage-selected domain-1) regardless of whether the phages were enriched for their abilities to bind one or both of these albumins. We describe here the NMR-derived structure, dynamics, and stability of unbound PSD-1. Our results demonstrate that increased flexibility is not a requirement for broadened specificity, as had been suggested earlier (Johansson et al. (2002) J. Mol. Biol. 316, 1083-1099), because PSD-1 binds the phylogenetically diverse HSA and GPSA even more tightly than G148-GA3 but is less flexible. The structural basis for albumin-binding specificity is analyzed in light of these new results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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Coyle EM, Blazer LL, White AA, Hess JL, Boyle MDP. Practical applications of high-affinity, albumin-binding proteins from a group G streptococcal isolate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:39-45. [PMID: 16317541 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Binding proteins that have high affinities for mammalian plasma proteins that are expressed on the surface of bacteria have proven valuable for the purification and detection of several biologically important molecules from human and animal plasma or serum. In this study, we have isolated a high affinity albumin-binding molecule from a group G streptococcal isolate of bovine origin and have demonstrated that the isolated protein can be biotinylated without loss of binding activity and can be used as a tracer for quantification of human serum albumin (HSA). The binding protein can be immobilized and used as a selective capture reagent in a competitive ELISA format using a biotinylated HSA tracer. In this assay format, the sensitivity of detection for 50% inhibition of binding of HSA was less than 1 microg/ml. When attached to the bacterial surface, this binding protein can be used to deplete albumin from human plasma, as analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Coyle
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore St., Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
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38
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Rozak DA, Alexander PA, He Y, Chen Y, Orban J, Bryan PN. Using offset recombinant polymerase chain reaction to identify functional determinants in a common family of bacterial albumin binding domains. Biochemistry 2006; 45:3263-71. [PMID: 16519521 DOI: 10.1021/bi051926s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 46 amino acid GA albumin binding module is a putative virulence factor that has been identified in 16 domains from four bacterial species. Aside from their possible effects on pathogenicity and host specificity, the natural genotypic and phenotypic variations that exist among members of this module offer unique opportunities for researchers to identify and explore functional determinants within the well-defined sequence space. We used a recently developed in vitro recombination technique, known as offset recombinant PCR, to shuffle seven homologues that encode a broad range of natural GA polymorphisms. Phage display and selection were applied to probe the recombinant library for members that showed simultaneous improvements to human and guinea pig serum albumin binding. Thermodynamic data for the most common phage-selected mutant suggest that domain-stabilizing mutations substantially improved GA binding for both species of albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rozak
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
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39
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Rozak DA, Orban J, Bryan PN. G148–GA3: A streptococcal virulence module with atypical thermodynamics of folding optimally binds human serum albumin at physiological temperatures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1753:226-33. [PMID: 16290081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 09/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The third albumin binding domain of streptococcal protein G strain 148 (G148-GA3) belongs to a novel class of prokaryotic albumin binding modules that is thought to support virulence in several bacterial species. Here, we characterize G148-GA3 folding and albumin binding by using differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry to obtain the most complete set of thermodynamic state functions for any member of this medically significant module. When buffered at pH 7.0 the 46-amino acid alpha-helical domain melts at 72 degrees C and exhibits marginal stability (15 kJ/mol) at 37 degrees C. G148-GA3 unfolding is characterized by small contributions to entropy from non-hydrophobic forces and a low DeltaCp (1.1 kJ/(deg mol)). Isothermal titration calorimetry reveals that the domain has evolved to optimally bind human serum albumin near 37 degrees C with a binding constant of 1.4 x 10 7 M(-1). Analysis of G148-GA3 thermodynamics suggests that the domain experiences atypically small per residue changes in structural dynamics and heat capacity while transiting between folded and unfolded states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rozak
- Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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40
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Abstract
The dynamics of protein adsorption to a microbial surface could be of significance in host-parasite relationships because non-defense proteins might interfere with the binding of defense proteins. A surface mosaic of defense and non-defense proteins formed on the microbial surface could activate one of the tissue reactivity programs via a binary code (help or silence) generated by the adsorbed proteins. Understanding the mechanisms of the mosaic formation and its evolution might help to identify evasion mechanisms used by virulent microorganisms. This also provides a conceptual framework to design new strategies to control the infectious diseases they cause.
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41
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Olsen I, Dahlen G. Salient virulence factors in anaerobic bacteria, with emphasis on their importance in endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2004.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lejon S, Frick IM, Björck L, Wikström M, Svensson S. Crystal Structure and Biological Implications of a Bacterial Albumin Binding Module in Complex with Human Serum Albumin. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:42924-8. [PMID: 15269208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406957200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bactericide species express surface proteins that interact with human serum albumin (HSA). Protein PAB from the anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna (formerly Peptostreptococcus magnus) represents one of these proteins. Protein PAB contains a domain of 53 amino acid residues known as the GA module. GA homologs are also found in protein G of group C and G streptococci. Here we report the crystal structure of HSA in complex with the GA module of protein PAB. The model of the complex was refined to a resolution of 2.7 A and reveals a novel binding epitope located in domain II of the albumin molecule. The GA module is composed of a left-handed three-helix bundle, and residues from the second helix and the loops surrounding it were found to be involved in HSA binding. Furthermore, the presence of HSA-bound fatty acids seems to influence HSA-GA complex formation. F. magna has a much more restricted host specificity compared with C and G streptococci, which is also reflected in the binding of different animal albumins by proteins PAB and G. The structure of the HSA-GA complex offers a molecular explanation to this unusually clear example of bacterial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lejon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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43
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44
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Johansson MU, Nilsson H, Evenäs J, Forsén S, Drakenberg T, Björck L, Wikström M. Differences in backbone dynamics of two homologous bacterial albumin-binding modules: implications for binding specificity and bacterial adaptation. J Mol Biol 2002; 316:1083-99. [PMID: 11884146 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2002.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteins G and PAB are bacterial albumin-binding proteins expressed at the surface of group C and G streptococci and Peptostreptococcus magnus, respectively. Repeated albumin-binding domains, known as GA modules, are found in both proteins. The third GA module of protein G from the group G streptococcal strain G148 (G148-GA3) and the second GA module of protein PAB from P.magnus strain ALB8 (ALB8-GA) exhibit 59% sequence identity and both fold to form three-helix bundle structures that are very stable against thermal denaturation. ALB8-GA binds human serum albumin with higher affinity than G148-GA3, but G148-GA3 shows substantially broader albumin-binding specificity than ALB8-GA. The (15)N nuclear magnetic resonance spin relaxation measurements reported here, show that the two GA modules exhibit mobility on the picosecond-nanosecond time scale in directly corresponding regions (loops and termini). Most residues in G148-GA3 were seen to be involved in conformational exchange processes on the microsecond-millisecond time scale, whereas for ALB8-GA such motions were only identified for the beginning of helix 2 and its preceding loop. Furthermore, and more importantly, hydrogen-deuterium exchange and saturation transfer experiments reveal large differences between the two GA modules with respect to motions on the second-hour time scale. The high degree of similarity between the two GA modules with respect to sequence, structure and stability, and the observed differences in dynamics, binding affinity and binding specificity to different albumins, suggest a distinct correlation between dynamics, binding affinity and binding specificity. Finally, it is noteworthy in this context that the module G148-GA3, which has broad albumin-binding specificity, is expressed by group C and G streptococci known to infect all mammalian species, whereas P.magnus with the ALB8-GA module has been isolated only from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria U Johansson
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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45
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Johansson MU, Frick IM, Nilsson H, Kraulis PJ, Hober S, Jonasson P, Linhult M, Nygren PA, Uhlén M, Björck L, Drakenberg T, Forsén S, Wikström M. Structure, specificity, and mode of interaction for bacterial albumin-binding modules. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8114-20. [PMID: 11751858 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109943200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the solution structure of an albumin binding domain of protein G, a surface protein of group C and G streptococci. We find that it folds into a left handed three-helix bundle similar to the albumin binding domain of protein PAB from Peptostreptococcus magnus. The two domains share 59% sequence identity, are thermally very stable, and bind to the same site on human serum albumin. The albumin binding site, the first determined for this structural motif known as the GA module, comprises residues spanning the first loop to the beginning of the third helix and includes the most conserved region of GA modules. The two GA modules have different affinities for albumin from different species, and their albumin binding patterns correspond directly to the host specificity of C/G streptococci and P. magnus, respectively. These studies of the evolution, structure, and binding properties of the GA module emphasize the power of bacterial adaptation and underline ecological and medical problems connected with the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria U Johansson
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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46
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Ricci S, Medaglini D, Marcotte H, Olsén A, Pozzi G, Björck L. Immunoglobulin-binding domains of peptostreptococcal protein L enhance vaginal colonization of mice by Streptococcus gordonii. Microb Pathog 2001; 30:229-35. [PMID: 11312616 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.2000.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein L, an immunoglobulin-binding protein of some strains of the anaerobic bacterium Peptostreptococcus magnus, has been hypothesized to be a virulence determinant in bacterial vaginosis. In order to investigate the role of protein L in peptostreptococcal virulence, the Ig-binding domains of protein L were expressed at the surface of the human oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii. Recombinant streptococci were used in vaginal colonization experiments, and protein L-expressing S. gordonii demonstrated enhanced ability to colonize the vaginal mucosa. Compared to the control strain, they also persisted for a longer period in the murine vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ricci
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Section for Molecular Pathogenesis, Lund, Sweden.
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47
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Curry S, Brick P, Franks NP. Fatty acid binding to human serum albumin: new insights from crystallographic studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1441:131-40. [PMID: 10570241 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin possesses multiple fatty acid binding sites of varying affinities, but the precise locations of these sites have remained elusive. The determination of the crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with myristic acid recently revealed the positions and architecture of six binding sites on the protein. While the structure of the complex is consistent with a great deal of the biochemical and biophysical data on fatty acid binding, it is not yet possible to provide a completely rigorous correlation between the structural and binding data. The challenge now is to use the new structural information to design experiments that will identify the physiologically important binding sites on HSA and provide a much richer description of fatty acid interactions with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Curry
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, UK.
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48
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Rich RL, Demeler B, Ashby K, Deivanayagam CC, Petrich JW, Patti JM, Narayana SV, Höök M. Domain structure of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin. Biochemistry 1998; 37:15423-33. [PMID: 9799504 DOI: 10.1021/bi981773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of surface proteins from Gram-positive bacteria indicates a composite organization consisting of unique and repeated segments. Thus, these proteins may contain discrete domains that could fold independently. In this paper, we have used a panel of biophysical methods, including gel permeation chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy, to analyze the structural organization of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin, CNA. Our results indicate that the structure, function, and folding of the ligand-binding domain (A) are not affected by the presence or absence of the other major domain (B). In addition, little or no interaction is observed between the nearly identical repeat units within the B domain. We propose that CNA is indeed a mosaic protein in which the different domains previously indicated by sequence analysis operate independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Rich
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston 77030, USA.
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49
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Johansson MU, de Château M, Wikström M, Forsén S, Drakenberg T, Björck L. Solution structure of the albumin-binding GA module: a versatile bacterial protein domain. J Mol Biol 1997; 266:859-65. [PMID: 9086265 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The albumin-binding GA module is found in a family of surface proteins of different bacterial species. It comprises 45 amino acid residues and represents the first known example of contemporary module shuffling. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy we have determined the solution structure of the GA module from protein PAB, a protein of the anaerobic human commensal and pathogen Peptostreptococcus magnus. This structure, the first three-dimensional structure of an albumin-binding protein domain described, was shown to be composed of a left-handed three-helix-bundle. Sequence differences between GA modules with different affinities for albumin indicated that a conserved region in the C-terminal part of the second helix and the flexible sequence between helices 2 and 3 could contribute to the albumin-binding activity. The effect on backbone amide proton exchange rates upon binding to albumin support this assumption. The GA module has a fold that is strikingly similar to the immunoglobulin-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A but it shows no resemblance to the fold shared by the immunoglobulin-binding domains of streptococcal protein G and peptostreptococcal protein L. When the gene sequences, binding properties and thermal stability of these four domains are analysed in relation to their global folds an evolutionary pattern emerges. Thus, in the evolution of novel binding properties mutations are allowed only as long as the energetically favourable global fold is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Johansson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden
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