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Schalkwijk CG, Posthuma N, Ten Brink HJ, Ter Wee PM, Teerlink T. Induction of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds, Intermediates in the Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products, during Heat-Sterilization of Glucose-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089901900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the presence of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids, their concentration in effluents with increasing dwell time, and their role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Measurements Dicarbonyl compounds in heat- and filter-sterilized PD fluids were quantified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after derivatization to dimethoxyquinoxaline derivatives. Kinetics of the in vitro formation of AGEs upon incubation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds or PD fluids with albumin, with or without aminoguanidine, were measured by AGE fluorescence (excitation/emission wavelengths of 350 nm/430 nm). Patients AGEs and dicarbonyl compounds were measured in effluents collected from standardized 4-hour dwells from 8 continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis patients. Results In PD fluids, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) has been identified as the major dicarbonyl compound formed during the process of heat sterilization. The process also formed glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), with the amount of 3-DG being approximately 25 – 60 times higher than GO and MGO. When incubated with albumin, the identified 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds rapidly formed AGEs. The formation of AGEs was more pronounced in conventional heat-sterilized PD fluids compared with filter-sterilized PD fluids, and was completely inhibited by aminoguanidine. In effluents, the concentration of MGO, GO, and 3-DG decreased with increasing dwell time, with a concomitant increase in AGE fluorescence. Conclusions The dicarbonyl compounds 3-DG, MGO, and GO are potent promoters of AGE formation. The presence of these and possibly other dicarbonyl compounds formed during heat sterilization of glucose-based PD fluids is, to a large extent, responsible for the in vitro AGE formation by these fluids, as evidenced by the speed of AGE formation in PD fluids and the complete inhibition by aminoguanidine. Because 3-DG, MGO, and GO are rapidly cleared from PD fluids during dialysis, these compounds may contribute to the in vivo AGE formation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vrije Universiteit, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Posthuma
- Department of Nephrology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman J. Ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter M. Ter Wee
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vrije Universiteit, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Teerlink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Endocrinology, Reproduction and Metabolism, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhou L, Song XD, Xu H, Liang GQ, Wang F, Zhang LR, Huang F, Cai J, Jiang GR. Exogenous 3-Deoxyglucosone-Induced Carbonyl and Oxidative Stress Causes β-Cells Dysfunction by Impairing Gut Permeability in Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1358-1368. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Suh KS, Chon S, Choi EM. The protective effects of sciadopitysin against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in cultured pancreatic β-cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1104-1111. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kim KA, Shin YJ, Kim H, Majid A, Bae ON. Methylglyoxal induced advanced glycation end products (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE)-mediated angiogenic impairment in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:266-277. [PMID: 29473788 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1440185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) maintain the structure and function of blood vessels and are readily exposed to exogenous and endogenous toxic substances in the circulatory system. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate in the blood and differentiate to EC, which are known to participate in angiogenesis and regeneration of injured vessels. Dysfunction in EPC contributes to cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic EPC abnormalities are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying diabetic EPC dysfunction using methylglyoxal (MG), an endogenous toxic diabetic metabolite. Data demonstrated that MG decreased cell viability and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 associated with functional impairment of tube formation in EPC. The generation of advanced glycation end (AGE) products was increased in EPC following exposure to MG. Blockage of receptor for AGE (RAGE) by FPS-ZM1, a specific antagonist for RAGE, significantly reversed the decrease of VEGFR-2 protein expression and angiogenic dysfunction in MG-incubated EPC. Taken together, data demonstrated that MG induced angiogenic impairment in EPC via alterations in the AGE/RAGE-VEGFR-2 pathway which may be utilized in the development of potential therapeutic and preventive targets for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Kim
- a College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-A Kim
- a College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Shin
- a College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Haram Kim
- a College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Arshad Majid
- b Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , England
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- a College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Song X, Liang G, Xu Z, Wang F, Huang F, Jiang G. Involvement of exogenous 3‑deoxyglucosone in β‑cell dysfunction induces impaired glucose regulation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2976-2984. [PMID: 28656301 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
β‑cell dysfunction is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 1,2‑dicarbonyl compounds, such as 3‑deoxyglucosone (3DG) have been reported to increase the risk of T2DM. Abnormal elevation of plasma 3DG may impair β‑cell function and thereby, it is linked to T2DM. Previous findings suggest that exogenous 3DG may serve an important role in the development of pre‑diabetes. In the present study, the authors examine whether exogenous 3DG induces impaired glucose regulation in mice by decreasing β‑cell function involving of accumulation of plasma 3DG. At two weeks following administration of 3DG, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, oral glucose tolerance (by a glucose meter) and plasma levels of 3DG (by HPLC) and insulin (by radioimmunoassay) were measured. Glucose‑stimulated insulin secretion in cultured pancreas islets and INS‑1 cells was measured by radioimmunoassay. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of the key molecules of the insulin‑PI3K signaling pathway. 3DG treatment increased FBG and fasting blood insulin levels, reduced oral glucose tolerance in conjunction with decreased ∆Ins30‑0/∆G30‑0. In 3DG‑treated mice, an increase in the plasma 3DG level was observed, which was most likely the mechanism for decreased β‑cell function. This idea was further supported by these results that non‑cytotoxic 3DG concentration obviously decreased glucose‑stimulated insulin secretion in cultured pancreas islets and INS‑1 cells exposure to high glucose (25.5 mM). 3DG decreased the expression of GLUT2 and phosphorylation of IRS‑1, PI3K‑p85 and Akt in high glucose‑induced INS‑1 cells. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that exogenous 3DG induced normal mice to develop IGR, resulting from β‑cell dysfunction. Exogenous 3DG administration increased plasma 3DG levels, which participates in inducing β‑cell dysfunction, at least in part, through impairing IRS‑1/PI3K/GLUT2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurong Zhang
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Xiudao Song
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Zhongrui Xu
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
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Jang JH, Kim EA, Park HJ, Sung EG, Song IH, Kim JY, Woo CH, Doh KO, Kim KH, Lee TJ. Methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis is dependent on the suppression of c-FLIP L expression via down-regulation of p65 in endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2720-2731. [PMID: 28444875 PMCID: PMC5661116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose, and its plasma levels are elevated in patients with diabetes. Studies have shown that MGO combines with the amino and sulphhydryl groups of proteins to form stable advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, MGO induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs, which was attenuated by pre-treatment with z-VAD, a pan caspase inhibitor. Treatment with MGO increased ROS levels, followed by dose-dependent down-regulation of c-FLIPL . In addition, pre-treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC prevented the MGO-induced down-regulation of p65 and c-FLIPL , and the forced expression of c-FLIPL attenuated MGO-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, MGO-induced apoptotic cell death in endothelium isolated from mouse aortas. Finally, MGO was found to induce apoptosis by down-regulating p65 expression at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, and thus, to inhibit c-FLIPL mRNA expression by suppressing NF-κB transcriptional activity. Collectively, this study showed that MGO-induced apoptosis is dependent on c-FLIPL down-regulation via ROS-mediated down-regulation of p65 expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Oh Doh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kook Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
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Miao W, Xiao Y, Guo L, Jiang X, Huang M, Wang Y. A High-Throughput Targeted Proteomic Approach for Comprehensive Profiling of Methylglyoxal-Induced Perturbations of the Human Kinome. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9773-9779. [PMID: 27626823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are one of the most important families of enzymes that are involved in numerous cell signaling processes. Existing methods for studying kinase expression and activation have limited kinome coverage. Herein we established a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomic method that provided an unprecedented coverage (∼80%) of the human kinome. We employed this method for profiling comprehensively the alterations of the global kinome of HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells upon treatment with methylglyoxal, a glycolysis byproduct that is present at elevated levels in blood and tissues of diabetic patients and is thought to contribute to diabetic complications. Our results led to the quantification of 328 unique kinases. In particular, we found that methylglyoxal treatment gave rise to altered expression of a number of kinases in the MAPK pathway and diminished expression of several receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), etc. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the diminished expression of EGFR occurred through a mechanism that is distinct from the reduced expression of IGF2R and FGFR1. Together, our targeted kinome profiling method offers a powerful resource for exploring kinase-mediated signaling pathways that are altered by extracellular stimuli, and the results from the present study suggest new mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Miao
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yongsheng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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Moriyama T, Kemi M, Horie T. Elevated cardiac 3-deoxyglucosone, a highly reactive intermediate in glycation reaction, in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:237-42. [PMID: 27514460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
3-Deoxyglucosone (3-DG) is a highly reactive carbonyl intermediate in glycation reaction (also known as Maillard reaction) and plays an important role in diabetic complications. We investigated the potential involvement of 3-DG in doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiotoxicity. Male Crl:CD(SD) rats received intravenous injections of DXR at 2mg/kg, once weekly, for 6 weeks, with/without daily intraperitoneal treatment with 3-DG scavenging agents, i.e., aminoguanidine (AG, 25mg/kg/day) and pyridoxamine (PM, 60mg/kg/day). Cardiac levels of 3-DG, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fructosamine, and pentosidine, plasma glucose levels and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), echocardiography, and histopathology were assessed at 4 and 6 weeks after treatment. Cardiac 3-DG levels were significantly increased by DXR treatment at 4 and 6 weeks. Cardiac fructosamine levels and plasma glucose were not altered by DXR; however, TBARS levels in the heart were significantly increased at 4 and 6 weeks, suggesting that the enhanced generation of 3-DG is not attributed to any abnormal glycemic status, but may be related to oxidative stress by DXR. An advanced glycation end-product, pentosidine, was significantly increased by DXR treatment at 6 weeks. Intervention by AG and PM ameliorated the DXR-induced echocardiographic abnormalities, increased cTnI in plasma, and histopathological lesion as well as normalizing the elevation of 3-DG and pentosidine levels. These results suggest that 3-DG is generated by DXR and involved, at least in part, in the pathogenesis of DXR-cardiotoxicity through glycation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Moriyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kemi
- Tsukuba Research Institute, BOZO Research Center Inc., 8 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Horie
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Effluent Tenascin-C Levels Reflect Peritoneal Deterioration in Peritoneal Dialysis: MAJOR IN PD Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:241098. [PMID: 26770971 PMCID: PMC4684852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/241098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal deterioration causing structural changes and functional decline is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to explore effluent biomarkers reflecting peritoneal deterioration. In an animal study, rats were intraperitoneally administered with PD fluids adding 20 mM methylglyoxal (MGO) or 20 mM formaldehyde (FA) every day for 21 days. In the MGO-treated rats, tenascin-C (TN-C) levels in the peritoneal effluents were remarkably high and a cluster of TN-C-positive mesothelial cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) like change excessively proliferated at the peritoneal surface, but not in the FA-treated rats. Effluent matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels increased in both the MGO- and FA-treated rats. In a clinical study at 18 centers between 2006 and 2013, effluent TN-C and MMP-2 levels were quantified in 182 PD patients with end-stage renal disease. Peritoneal function was estimated using the peritoneal equilibration test (PET). From the PET results, the D/P Cr ratio was correlated with effluent levels of TN-C (ρ = 0.57, p < 0.001) and MMP-2 (ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001). We suggest that TN-C in the effluents may be a diagnostic marker for peritoneal deterioration with EMT-like change in mesothelial cells in PD.
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Cubedo J, Padró T, García-Arguinzonis M, Vilahur G, Miñambres I, Pou JM, Ybarra J, Badimon L. A novel truncated form of apolipoprotein A-I transported by dense LDL is increased in diabetic patients. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1762-73. [PMID: 26168996 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p057513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic (DM) patients have exacerbated atherosclerosis and high CVD burden. Changes in lipid metabolism, lipoprotein structure, and dysfunctional HDL are characteristics of diabetes. Our aim was to investigate whether serum ApoA-I, the main protein in HDL, was biochemically modified in DM patients. By using proteomic technologies, we have identified a 26 kDa ApoA-I form in serum. MS analysis revealed this 26 kDa form as a novel truncated variant lacking amino acids 1-38, ApoA-IΔ(1-38). DM patients show a 2-fold increase in ApoA-IΔ(1-38) over nondiabetic individuals. ApoA-IΔ(1-38) is found in LDL, but not in VLDL or HDL, with an increase in LDL3 and LDL4 subfractions. To identify candidate mechanisms of ApoA-I truncation, we investigated potentially involved enzymes by in silico data mining, and tested the most probable molecule in an established animal model of diabetes. We have found increased hepatic cathepsin D activity as one of the potential proteases involved in ApoA-I truncation. Cathepsin D-cleaved ApoA-I exhibited increased LDL binding affinity and decreased antioxidant activity against LDL oxidation. In conclusion, we show for the first time: a) presence of a novel truncated ApoA-I form, ApoA-IΔ(1-38), in human serum; b) ApoA-IΔ(1-38) is transported by LDL; c) ApoA-IΔ(1-38) is increased in dense LDL fractions of DM patients; and d) cathepsin D-ApoA-I truncation may lead to ApoA-IΔ(1-38) binding to LDLs, increasing their susceptibility to oxidation and contributing to the high cardiovascular risk of DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maisa García-Arguinzonis
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inka Miñambres
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose María Pou
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Glycation of H1 Histone by 3-Deoxyglucosone: Effects on Protein Structure and Generation of Different Advanced Glycation End Products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130630. [PMID: 26121680 PMCID: PMC4487796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) culminate from the non-enzymatic reaction between a free carbonyl group of a reducing sugar and free amino group of proteins. 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) is one of the dicarbonyl species that rapidly forms several protein-AGE complexes that are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, particularly diabetic complications. In this study, the generation of AGEs (Nε-carboxymethyl lysine and pentosidine) by 3-DG in H1 histone protein was characterized by evaluating extent of side chain modification (lysine and arginine) and formation of Amadori products as well as carbonyl contents using several physicochemical techniques. Results strongly suggested that 3-DG is a potent glycating agent that forms various intermediates and AGEs during glycation reactions and affects the secondary structure of the H1 protein. Structural changes and AGE formation may influence the function of H1 histone and compromise chromatin structures in cases of secondary diabetic complications.
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Figarola JL, Singhal J, Rahbar S, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. LR-90 prevents methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:776-88. [PMID: 24615331 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound known to induce cellular injury and cytoxicity, including apoptosis in vascular cells. Vascular endothelial cell apoptosis has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the advanced glycation end-product inhibitor LR-90 could prevent MGO-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were pre-treated with LR-90 and then stimulated with MGO. Cell morphology, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated by light microscopy, MTT assay, and Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide double staining, respectively. Levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspase activities were assessed by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured with fluorescent probes. LR-90 dose-dependently prevented MGO-associated HUVEC cytotoxicity and apoptotic biochemical changes such as loss of MMP, increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3 and 9. Additionally, LR-90 blocked intracellular ROS formation and MAPK (p44/p42, p38, JNK) activation, though the latter seem to be not directly involved in MGO-induced HUVEC apoptosis. LR-90 prevents MGO-induced HUVEC apoptosis by inhibiting ROS and associated mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades, suggesting that LR-90 possess cytoprotective ability which could be beneficial in prevention of diabetic related-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Figarola
- Departments of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center, NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gonda North, RM # 2108, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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Wang YH, Han YP, Yu HT, Pu XP, Du GH. Protocatechualdehyde prevents methylglyoxal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and AGEs-RAGE axis activation in Human lens epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:374-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cubedo J, Padró T, Badimon L. Glycoproteome of human apolipoprotein A-I: N- and O-glycosylated forms are increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Transl Res 2014; 164:209-22. [PMID: 24709669 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality, which is closely associated with its composition and transport capabilities, determines its role in atheroprotection. During acute phase processes, HDL seems to lose its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. In this study, we hypothesized that after an acute myocardial infarction apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, the main protein component of HDL, might undergo changes in its molecular processing. Therefore, we have characterized the Apo A-I proteome during the evolution of new-onset acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To this end, serum Apo A-I was characterized by 2-dimensional electrophoresis/mass-spectrometry in controls and AMI patients at admission (within the first 6 hours after pain onset) and 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 3 days afterward. The Apo A-I glycoproteome was analyzed by lectin-based glycoprotein isolation methods and deglycosylation assays, and Apo A-I serum levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Apo A-I proteomic signature (5 spots: 28 kDa/pI:5-5.75) was significantly altered in AMI patients 3 days after the event with respect to controls. Increased levels of N- and O-glycosylated Apo A-I forms were found post-AMI. Apo A-I serum levels measured by ELISA were significantly changed and related to left ventricular ejection fraction, troponin-T, and C-reactive protein. The Apo A-I molecule measured by ELISA corresponded to the main glycosylated spots and was specifically O-GlcNAcylated in AMI patients. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Apo A-I is both N- and O-glycosylated and that there is an increase in Apo A-I glycosylation after AMI. Furthermore, the specific increase in the O-GlcNAcylated forms could have a relevant prognostic value and a protective role in the evolution of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Oguri G, Nakajima T, Yamamoto Y, Takano N, Tanaka T, Kikuchi H, Morita T, Nakamura F, Yamasoba T, Komuro I. Effects of methylglyoxal on human cardiac fibroblast: roles of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1339-52. [PMID: 25172898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01021.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. Methylglyoxal (MG) is an endogenous carbonyl compound produced under hyperglycemic conditions, which may play a role in the development of pathophysiological conditions including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism by which this occurs and the molecular targets of MG are unclear. We investigated the effects of MG on Ca(2+) signals, its underlying mechanism, and cell cycle progression/cell differentiation in human cardiac fibroblasts. The conventional and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemical analysis, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i measurement were applied. Cell cycle progression was assessed using the fluorescence activated cell sorting. MG induced Ca(2+) entry concentration dependently. Ruthenium red (RR), a general cation channel blocker, and HC030031, a selective transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist, inhibited MG-induced Ca(2+) entry. Treatment with aminoguanidine, a MG scavenger, also inhibited it. Allyl isothiocyanate, a selective TRPA1 agonist, increased Ca(2+) entry. The use of small interfering RNA to knock down TRPA1 reduced the MG-induced Ca(2+) entry as well as TRPA1 mRNA expression. The quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed the prominent existence of TRPA1 mRNA. Expression of TRPA1 protein was confirmed by Western blotting and immunocytochemical analyses. MG promoted cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S/G2/M, which was suppressed by HC030031 or RR. MG also enhanced α-smooth muscle actin expression. The present results suggest that methylglyoxal activates TRPA1 and promotes cell cycle progression and differentiation in human cardiac fibroblasts. MG might participate the development of pathophysiological conditions including diabetic cardiomyopathy via activation of TRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Oguri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nami Takano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Morita
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Hassan W, Silva CEB, Mohammadzai IU, da Rocha JBT, Landeira-Fernandez J. Association of oxidative stress to the genesis of anxiety: implications for possible therapeutic interventions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:120-39. [PMID: 24669207 PMCID: PMC3964744 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120232135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive species, including reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and unbound, adventitious metal ions (e.g., iron [Fe] and copper [Cu]), is an underlying cause of various neurodegenerative diseases. These reactive species are an inevitable by-product of cellular respiration or other metabolic processes that may cause the oxidation of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Oxidative stress has recently been implicated in depression and anxiety-related disorders. Furthermore, the manifestation of anxiety in numerous psychiatric disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder, highlights the importance of studying the underlying biology of these disorders to gain a better understanding of the disease and to identify common biomarkers for these disorders. Most recently, the expression of glutathione reductase 1 and glyoxalase 1, which are genes involved in antioxidative metabolism, were reported to be correlated with anxiety-related phenotypes. This review focuses on direct and indirect evidence of the potential involvement of oxidative stress in the genesis of anxiety and discusses different opinions that exist in this field. Antioxidant therapeutic strategies are also discussed, highlighting the importance of oxidative stress in the etiology, incidence, progression, and prevention of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hassan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Imdad Ullah Mohammadzai
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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17
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Li W, Liu J, He P, Ni Z, Hu Y, Xu H, Dai H. Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects methylglyoxal-induced injury in the cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 549:146-50. [PMID: 23774474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes have high concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO) and have advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which play an important role in vascular complications, such as stroke. Our previous data demonstrated that hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a major active chemical component of the safflower yellow pigment, had antiglycation effect on the AGEs formation in vitro. It is not known whether HSYA can protect against MGO-induced injury in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Using cultured HBMEC, cell injury was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and AnnexinV/PI staining. Advanced glycogen end-products and caspase-3 formation were measured by Western blotting. Incubation of MGO for 24h concentration-dependently induced HBMEC injury, which was protected by HSYA from 10 to 100 μmol/l. Caspase-3 expression and AnnexinV/PI staining illustrated that the protection of HSYA was probably associated with inhibiting cell apoptosis. What's more, MGO promoted AGEs accumulation in the cultured HBMEC, which was also inhibited by 100 μmol/l HSYA. Thus, our results proved that HSYA could inhibit MGO-induced injury in the cultured HBMEC, which was associated with its antiglycation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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18
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Low nitric oxide bioavailability upregulates renal heparin binding EGF-like growth factor expression. Kidney Int 2013; 84:1176-88. [PMID: 23760291 PMCID: PMC3796048 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decreased nitric oxide bioavailability plays an important role in the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression levels increased in the kidneys of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout and eNOS knockout diabetic (Lepr db/db) mice as early as 8 weeks of age. Further increases in expression were only seen in eNOS knockout diabetic mice and paralleled the progression of glomerulopathy. HB-EGF expression increased in endothelium, podocytes, and tubular epithelial cells. In cultured glomerular endothelial cells, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or L-N5-(1-Iminoethyl) ornithine increased HB-EGF protein expression. Administration of L-NAME dramatically increased renal HB-EGF expression and urinary HB-EGF excretion in diabetic mice. On the other hand, replenishing nitric oxide with sodium nitrate in eNOS knockout diabetic mice reduced urinary HB-EGF excretion and inhibited the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, specific deletion of HB-EGF expression in endothelium attenuated renal injury in diabetic eNOS knockout mice. Thus, our results suggest that decreased nitric oxide bioavailability leads to increased HB-EGF expression, which may be an important mediator of the resulting progressive diabetic nephropathy in eNOS knockout diabetic mice.
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19
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Abstract
The elevation of plasma methylglyoxal levels in diabetic humans is widely observed, but it is unknown to what extent different sources of methylglyoxal contribute to its plasma concentration. A retrospective analysis of clinical findings has been undertaken. There is controversy about the correlation of plasma methylglyoxal concentrations with fasting or postprandial glucose levels, and the relationship with HbA1c. There is only one study in which plasma ketone body levels have been monitored in parallel with methylglyoxal and a positive correlation between plasma methylglyoxal and β-hydroxybutyrate was observed. There are no reports on plasma aminoacetone levels and methylglyoxal in diabetic humans. This paper suggests that although there is a close association between methylglyoxal and carbohydrate metabolism, the presence of this 1,2-dicarbonyl in the plasma is mainly due to other mechanisms. Protein glycation and aminoacetone degradation are proposed to be the major and the minor sources of plasma methylglyoxal under normal conditions.
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20
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Oba T, Tatsunami R, Sato K, Takahashi K, Hao Z, Tampo Y. Methylglyoxal has deleterious effects on thioredoxin in human aortic endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:117-126. [PMID: 22516056 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is elevated in diabetic patient's plasma. Some studies have demonstrated that MG induces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a cytoprotective protein with anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis functions. In this study, we examined the effects of MG on Trx in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). MG increased oxidized-hydroethidine fluorescence intensity, suggesting intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Flow cytometric analyses with annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining revealed that cells incubated with MG displayed features characteristic of apoptosis. The condensation of chromatin, the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential by MG were observed. The exposure to MG decreased Trx protein levels through transcription regulation. MG induced the oxidative damage of peroxiredoxin, a Trx-dependent peroxidase. These results suggest that MG has deleterious effects on Trx in HAECs, which may be contribute to oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Oba
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tatsunami
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Kyohei Takahashi
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tampo
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan.
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21
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Takahashi M, Miyata S, Fujii J, Inai Y, Ueyama S, Araki M, Soga T, Fujinawa R, Nishitani C, Ariki S, Shimizu T, Abe T, Ihara Y, Nishikimi M, Kozutsumi Y, Taniguchi N, Kuroki Y. In vivo role of aldehyde reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1787-96. [PMID: 22820017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde reductase (AKR1A; EC 1.1.1.2) catalyzes the reduction of various types of aldehydes. To ascertain the physiological role of AKR1A, we examined AKR1A knockout mice. METHODS Ascorbic acid concentrations in AKR1A knockout mice tissues were examined, and the effects of human AKR1A transgene were analyzed. We purified AKR1A and studied the activities of glucuronate reductase and glucuronolactone reductase, which are involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis and DNA microarray analysis were performed for a comprehensive study of AKR1A knockout mice. RESULTS The levels of ascorbic acid in tissues of AKR1A knockout mice were significantly decreased which were completely restored by human AKR1A transgene. The activities of glucuronate reductase and glucuronolactone reductase, which are involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis, were suppressed in AKR1A knockout mice. The accumulation of d-glucuronic acid and saccharate in knockout mice tissue and the expression of acute-phase proteins such as serum amyloid A2 are significantly increased in knockout mice liver. CONCLUSIONS AKR1A plays a predominant role in the reduction of both d-glucuronic acid and d-glucurono-γ-lactone in vivo. The knockout of AKR1A in mice results in accumulation of d-glucuronic acid and saccharate as well as a deficiency of ascorbic acid, and also leads to upregulation of acute phase proteins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AKR1A is a major enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of d-glucuronic acid and d-glucurono-γ-lactone in vivo, besides acting as an aldehyde-detoxification enzyme. Suppression of AKR1A by inhibitors, which are used to prevent diabetic complications, may lead to the accumulation of d-glucuronic acid and saccharate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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22
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Weikel KA, Fitzgerald P, Shang F, Caceres MA, Bian Q, Handa JT, Stitt AW, Taylor A. Natural history of age-related retinal lesions that precede AMD in mice fed high or low glycemic index diets. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:622-32. [PMID: 22205601 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic data indicate that people who consume low glycemic index (GI) diets are at reduced risk for the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The authors sought corroboration of this observation in an animal model. METHODS Five- and 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice were fed high or low GI diets until they were 17 and 23.5 months of age, respectively. Retinal lesions were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Retinal lesions including basal laminar deposits, loss of basal infoldings, and vacuoles in the retinal pigment epithelium were more prevalent in the 23.5- than in the 17-month-old mice. Within each age group, consumption of a high GI diet increased the risk for lesions and the risk for photoreceptor abnormalities and accumulation of AGEs. CONCLUSIONS Consuming high GI diets accelerates the appearance of age-related retinal lesions that precede AMD in mice, perhaps by increasing the deposition of toxic AGEs in the retina. The data support the hypothesis that consuming lower GI diets, or simulation of their effects with nutraceuticals or drugs, may protect against AMD. The high GI-fed C57BL/6 mouse is a new model of age-related retinal lesions that precede AMD and mimic the early stages of disease and may be useful for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Weikel
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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23
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Fiory F, Lombardi A, Miele C, Giudicelli J, Beguinot F, Van Obberghen E. Methylglyoxal impairs insulin signalling and insulin action on glucose-induced insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta cell line INS-1E. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2941-52. [PMID: 21861178 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Chronic hyperglycaemia aggravates insulin resistance, at least in part, by increasing the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most reactive AGE precursor and its abnormal accumulation participates in damage in various tissues and organs. Here we investigated the ability of MGO to interfere with insulin signalling and to affect beta cell functions in the INS-1E beta cell line. METHODS INS-1E cells were incubated with MGO and then exposed to insulin or to glucose. Western blotting was used to study signalling pathways, and real-time PCR to analyse gene expression; insulin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Non-cytotoxic MGO concentrations inhibited insulin-induced IRS tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway activation independently from reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Concomitantly, formation of AGE adducts on immunoprecipitated IRS was observed. Aminoguanidine reversed MGO inhibitory effects and the formation of AGE adducts on IRS. Further, the insulin- and glucose-induced expression of Ins1, Gck and Pdx1 mRNA was abolished by MGO. Finally, MGO blocked glucose-induced insulin secretion and PI3K/PKB pathway activation. These MGO effects were abolished by LiCl, which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MGO exerted major damaging effects on INS-1E cells impairing both insulin action and secretion. An important actor in these noxious MGO effects appears to be GSK-3. In conclusion, MGO participates not only in the pathogenesis of the debilitating complications of type 2 diabetes, but also in worsening of the diabetic state by favouring beta cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fiory
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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24
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Uttarwar L, Peng F, Wu D, Kumar S, Gao B, Ingram AJ, Krepinsky JC. HB-EGF release mediates glucose-induced activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F921-31. [PMID: 21289053 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00436.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. We showed that transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important mediator of matrix upregulation in mesangial cells (MC) in response to high glucose (HG). Here, we study the mechanism of EGFR transactivation. In primary MC, EGFR transactivation by 1 h of HG (30 mM) was unaffected by inhibitors of protein kinase C, reactive oxygen species, or the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. However, general metalloprotease inhibition, as well as specific inhibitors of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), prevented both EGFR and downstream Akt activation. HB-EGF was released into the medium by 30 min of HG, and this depended on metalloprotease activity. One of the metalloproteases shown to cleave proHB-EGF is ADAM17 (TACE). HG, but not an osmotic control, activated ADAM17, and its inhibition prevented EGFR and Akt activation and HB-EGF release into the medium. siRNA to either ADAM17 or HB-EGF prevented HG-induced EGFR transactivation. We previously showed that EGFR/Akt signaling increases transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 transcription through the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1. HG-induced AP-1 activation, as assessed by EMSA, was abrogated by inhibitors of metalloproteases, HB-EGF and ADAM17. HB-EGF and ADAM17 siRNA also prevented AP-1 activation. Finally, these inhibitors and siRNA prevented TGF-β1 upregulation by HG. Thus, HG-induced EGFR transactivation in MC is mediated by the release of HB-EGF, which requires activity of the metalloprotease ADAM17. The mechanism of ADAM17 activation awaits identification. Targeting upstream mediators of EGFR transactivation including HB-EGF or ADAM17 provides novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Uttarwar
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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25
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Aguirre AR, Abensur H. Protective measures against ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:2151-7. [PMID: 22189743 PMCID: PMC3226613 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011001200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration failure in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is a condition with an incidence that increases over time. It is related to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is a major cause of the abandonment of the treatment technique. Because the number of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy is increasing with society aging and because approximately 10% of this population is treated with peritoneal dialysis, this matter is becoming more common in everyday practice for clinicians involved in the care of patients with chronic renal failure. In this review, we summarize the available measures used to prevent and treat ultrafiltration failure and the current state of research in the field, both in the experimental and clinical settings, focusing on the possible clinical applications of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Aguirre
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Nephrology Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Takahashi K, Tatsunami R, Oba T, Tampo Y. Buthionine sulfoximine promotes methylglyoxal-induced apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:556-60. [PMID: 20410585 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive dicarbonyl produced during glucose metabolism, is found at high levels in the blood of diabetic patients. MG induces oxidative stress and apoptosis. There is evidence that MG causes glutathione (GSH) depletion. However, it remains unknown whether GSH plays a protective role against the cytotoxic effect of MG. We examined the effect of DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, on the viability of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) exposed to MG. BAECs pretreated with BSO showed reduced ability to survive MG exposure. Flow cytometric analyses with annexin V and propidium iodide double staining revealed that BAECs exposed to MG after BSO pretreatment displayed features characteristic of apoptosis. Caspase-3 activation induced by MG was increased by BSO. Moreover, measurement of protein carbonyl levels showed that BSO promoted MG-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that the depletion of GSH via BSO pretreatment promoted MG-induced apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in BAECs.
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27
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Huh JY, Seo EY, Lee HB, Ha H. Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solution suppresses adiponectin synthesis through oxidative stress in an experimental model of peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2010; 32:20-8. [PMID: 20798331 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2009.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulation of visceral fat is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adiponectin, an adipokine commonly regarded as a negative indicator of metabolic disease, is reported to be downregulated in its gene level in end-stage renal disease patients. Since excessive fat deposit is involved in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), PD solution (PDS) may contribute to ROS production, resulting in dysregulation of adiponectin. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by PDS may play a role in the regulation of adiponectin. METHODS Commercial PDS containing 3.86% glucose (20 - 30 mL) was administered to SD rats for 12 weeks with and without N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 10 mmol/L). ELISA was used to quantify adiponectin in plasma and spent dialysate. For in vitro studies, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipocytes isolated from abdominal fat were treated with a high glucose solution, PDS, and H(2)O(2). Adiponectin levels in the conditioned media were measured by ELISA and immunoblot assays. The mRNA levels of adiponectin in mature adipocytes were examined using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The levels of adiponectin in plasma and spent dialysate were significantly downregulated by PDS and this effect was suppressed by NAC. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, adiponectin secretion was inhibited by 50 mmol/L glucose, PDS diluted 2-fold, and H(2)O(2) (200 μmol/L). In addition, H(2)O(2) downregulated expression of adiponectin mRNA and secretion of adiponectin oligomer complexes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ROS induced by conventional glucose-based PDS may contribute to pathophysiological changes in abdominal fat and downregulate adiponectin secreted from adipocytes during long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Huh
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioinspired Science, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang XL, Lau WB, Yuan YX, Wang YJ, Yi W, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Liu HR, Ma XL. Methylglyoxal increases cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury via glycative inhibition of thioredoxin activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E207-14. [PMID: 20460580 PMCID: PMC2928516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is closely related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the specific molecular basis linking DM with increased vulnerability to cardiovascular injury remains incompletely understood. Methylglyoxal (MG), a precursor to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is increased in diabetic patient plasma, but its role in diabetic cardiovascular complications is unclear. Thioredoxin (Trx), a cytoprotective molecule with antiapoptotic function, has been demonstrated to be vulnerable to glycative inhibition, but whether Trx is glycatively inhibited by MG, thus contributing to increased cardiac injury, has never been investigated. Cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with MG (200 muM) for 6 days. The following were determined pre- and post-simulated ischemia-reperfusion (SI-R; 8 h of hypoxia followed by 3 h of reoxygenation): cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis, Trx expression and activity, AGE formation, Trx-apoptosis-regulating kinase-1 (Trx-ASK1) complex formation, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and activity. Compared with vehicle, MG significantly increased SI-R-induced cardiomyocyte LDH release and apoptosis (P < 0.01). Prior to SI-R, Trx activity was reduced in MG-treated cells, but Trx expression was increased moderately. Moreover, Trx-ASK1 complex formation was reduced, and both p38 MAPK activity and phosphorylation were increased. To investigate the effects of MG on Trx directly, recombinant human Trx (hTrx) was incubated with MG in vitro. Compared with vehicle, MG incubation markedly increased CML formation (a glycation footprint) and inhibited Trx activity. Finally, glycation inhibitor aminoguanidine administration during MG treatment of cultured cells reduced AGE formation, increased Trx activity, restored Trx-ASK1 interaction, and reduced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and activity, caspase-3 activation, and LDH release (P < 0.01). We demonstrated for the first time that methylglyoxal sensitized cultured cardiomyocytes to SI-R injury by posttranslational modification of Trx via glycation. Therapeutic interventions scavenging AGE precursors may attenuate ischemic-reperfusion injury in hyperglycemic state diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Bento CF, Fernandes R, Matafome P, Sena C, Seiça R, Pereira P. Methylglyoxal-induced imbalance in the ratio of vascular endothelial growth factor to angiopoietin 2 secreted by retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to endothelial dysfunction. Exp Physiol 2010; 95:955-70. [PMID: 20562294 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.053561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progressive microvascular complications are a main feature of diabetes and are associated with impairment of the angiogenic response. Methylglyoxal (MGO) has been implicated in the molecular events that lead to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. In this study, we hypothesize that increased levels of MGO disrupt the ratio of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to angiopoietin 2 (Ang 2) secreted by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which provides a key destabilizing signal that leads to apoptosis and decreased proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. Indeed, we show that MGO increases the levels of Ang 2 and dramatically decreases the levels of VEGF secreted by RPE cells in response to hypoxia. Downregulation of VEGF is likely to be related to decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein levels and HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Data further show that MGO-induced imbalance in the VEGF/Ang II ratio significantly changes the levels of BAX and Bcl-2 in endothelial cells. Moreover, this imbalance is accompanied by an increase in the activity of caspase-3 and decreased proliferation of endothelial cells. Data obtained in cell culture systems are consistent with observations in retinas of diabetic animals, where increased availability of MGO is associated with changes in distribution and levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and Ang 2 and increased microvascular permeability. In conclusion, the MGO-induced imbalance in the VEGF/Ang 2 ratio secreted by retinal epithelial cells activates apoptosis and decreases proliferation of retinal endothelial cells, which are likely to contribute to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Bento
- Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (COCV) - IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kim J, Kim NH, Sohn E, Kim CS, Kim JS. Methylglyoxal induces cellular damage by increasing argpyrimidine accumulation and oxidative DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391:346-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tatsunami R, Oba T, Takahashi K, Tampo Y. Methylglyoxal causes dysfunction of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:426-32. [PMID: 19966511 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09131fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive dicarbonyl produced during glucose metabolism, induces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Under hyperglycemic conditions, the abnormal accumulation of MG is related to the development of diabetic complications. We examined the effects of MG on thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) systems, two thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase systems that protect against oxidative damage of proteins, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). The levels of protein carbonyls as markers of protein oxidation increased in BAECs exposed to MG at 5 mM, resulting in the loss of cell viability. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Trx protein level decreased when BAECs were exposed to 5 mM MG. MG also inactivated Trx reductase, which maintains Trx in the reduced/active state. Moreover, peroxiredoxin, which is dependent on Trx and Trx reductase to maintain its reduced state, was oxidized by 5 mM MG. No significant difference in the levels of Trx, Trx reductase, or peroxiredoxin was observed in BAECs exposed to MG at 1 mM; this concentration had little effect on protein carbonyl formation and cell viability. MG failed to decrease Grx activity, indicating that Trx is more susceptible to MG than Grx. Taken together, these findings suggest that MG causes dysfunction of the Trx system, including Trx and Trx reductase, in BAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tatsunami
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
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Mukhopadhyay S, Sen S, Majhi B, Das KP, Kar M. Methyl glyoxal elevation is associated with oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:507-14. [PMID: 17454133 DOI: 10.1080/10715760601148285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Methyl glyoxal (MG), a metabolic hazard plays a role in pathogenesis of different diseases. We studied the role of MG in cellular oxidative and carbonyl stress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 148 RA patients were divided into subgroups according to disease severity, RA factor status and age. They were acute, remission, seropositive, seronegative and JRA group. About 88 normal, young, healthy individuals were taken as control. We estimated serum level of total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol, GSH, MG, carbonyl compounds and TBARS level of normal control and RA. The synovial fluid (SF) level of above parameters have been also evaluated in RA. Our observation suggests that MG elevation is associated with increased level of TBARS and decreased level of GSH in all RA subgroups than normal control. The elevation of MG along with declination of GSH and antioxidant status may be associated with free radical damage in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, NRS Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
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Nishimura M, Ookawara T, Eguchi H, Fujiwara N, Yoshihara D, Yasuda J, Mimura O, Suzuki K. Inhibition of gene expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor by extracellular superoxide dismutase in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:589-95. [PMID: 16753836 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600615094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Both extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and heparin binding EGF like growth factor (HB-EGF) are produced in smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall, and are thought to play pathological roles in atherosclerosis with heparin binding characteristics. EC-SOD treatment clearly reduced the H2O2 induced expression of HB-EGF in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). EC-SOD also inhibited the induction of HB-EGF by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in RASMC by 60%. Both H2O2 and TPA increased intracellular ROS levels, and EC-SOD inhibited ROS generation only for the case of H2O2 but not TPA. Treatment of the cells with heparin alone decreased HB-EGF expression by 20%, whereas EC-SOD alone and a co-incubation with EC-SOD and heparin suppressed the induction by 60 and 70%, respectively. These results suggest that EC-SOD is related to the EGF signaling in two ways, competition for HSPG with HB-EGF and as an ROS scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Tatsunami R, Takahashi K, Oba T, Tampo Y. [methylglyoxal-induced superoxide anion production in endothelial cells]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:147-53. [PMID: 19122442 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is a metabolic by-product of glycolysis. MG is often detected at high levels in the blood of diabetic patients. We examined whether MG was capable of inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). The viability of BAECs decreased with time on treatment with 5 mM MG, and was almost completely lost at 24 h. In contrast, MG at 1 mM had little influence on BAEC viability up to 24 h, but induced the elevation of intracellular glutathione content at 24 h. Exposure of BAECs to MG caused a dose-dependent increase in oxidized-hydroethidine fluorescence intensity, indicating ROS production. In addition, aconitase inactivation, which is an indicator of intracellular superoxide, was observed in MG-treated cells. Finally, we found that MG at 5 mM increased the fluorescence intensity of BES-So, a specific probe for superoxide. Together, the results suggest that MG induces superoxide production in endothelial cells, and that the accumulation of ROS may be linked to cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tatsunami
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
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35
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The tandem of free radicals and methylglyoxal. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 171:251-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) may play an important role in the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis during long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leading to failure of peritoneal membrane function. Here, we review our own observations and those of others on the mechanisms of EMT of HPMC and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent EMT and peritoneal fibrosis during long-term PD. We found that high glucose and H2O2 as well as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced EMT in HPMC and that high glucoseinduced EMT was blocked not only by inhibition of TGF-beta1 but also by antioxidants or inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Since MAPKs are downstream target molecules of reactive oxygen species (ROS), these data suggest that high glucose-induced generation of ROS and subsequent MAPK activation mediate high glucose-induced EMT in HPMC. We and others also observed that bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) prevented EMT in HPMC. Glucose degradation products (GDP) were shown to play a role in inducing EMT. Involvement of a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in TGF-beta1-induced EMT has also been proposed in cultured HPMC. A better understanding of the precise mechanisms involved in EMT of HPMC may provide new therapeutic strategies for inhibiting peritoneal fibrosis in long-term PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi Bahl Lee
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University and College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Kani S, Nakayama E, Yoda A, Onishi N, Sougawa N, Hazaka Y, Umeda T, Takeda K, Ichijo H, Hamada Y, Minami Y. Chk2 kinase is required for methylglyoxal-induced G2/M cell-cycle checkpoint arrest: implication of cell-cycle checkpoint regulation in diabetic oxidative stress signaling. Genes Cells 2007; 12:919-28. [PMID: 17663721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive endogenous metabolite that is produced from the process of degradation of triose-phosphates. Under hyperglycemic conditions the rate of MG formation increases as a result of elevated concentrations of precursors. It has been established that MG elicits oxidative stress signaling, leading to the activation of MAP kinases, p38 MAPK and JNK, yet it remains largely unknown about a role of cell-cycle checkpoint regulation in MG-induced signaling. Here, we show that checkpoint kinases, Chk1 and Chk2, as well as their upstream ATM kinase are phosphorylated and activated following MG treatment of cultured cells. This MG-induced activation of Chk1 and Chk2 were inhibited by either aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant in dose dependent manners, indicating that oxidative stress via AGEs is involved critically in the activation of Chk1 and Chk2 by MG. Furthermore, it was found that cell-cycle synchronized cells exhibited G(2)/M checkpoint arrest following MG treatment, and that siRNA-mediated knock-down of Chk2, but not Chk1, results in a failure of MG-induced G(2)/M arrest. Thus, the results indicate a critical role for Chk2 in MG-induced G(2)/M cell-cycle checkpoint arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kani
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Nobecourt E, Davies MJ, Brown BE, Curtiss LK, Bonnet DJ, Charlton F, Januszewski AS, Jenkins AJ, Barter PJ, Rye KA. The impact of glycation on apolipoprotein A-I structure and its ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Diabetologia 2007; 50:643-53. [PMID: 17216278 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hyperglycaemia, one of the main features of diabetes, results in non-enzymatic glycation of plasma proteins, including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the most abundant apolipoprotein in HDL. The aim of this study was to determine how glycation affects the structure of apoA-I and its ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), a key enzyme in reverse cholesterol transport. MATERIALS AND METHODS Discoidal reconstituted HDL (rHDL) containing phosphatidylcholine and apoA-I ([A-I]rHDL) were prepared by the cholate dialysis method and glycated by incubation with methylglyoxal. Glycation of apoA-I was quantified as the reduction in detectable arginine, lysine and tryptophan residues. Methylglyoxal-AGE adduct formation in apoA-I was assessed by immunoblotting. (A-I)rHDL size and surface charge were determined by non-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The kinetics of the LCAT reaction was investigated by incubating varying concentrations of discoidal (A-I)rHDL with a constant amount of purified enzyme. The conformation of apoA-I was assessed by surface plasmon resonance. RESULTS Methylglyoxal-mediated modifications of the arginine, lysine and tryptophan residues in lipid-free and lipid-associated apoA-I were time- and concentration-dependent. These modifications altered the conformation of apoA-I in regions critical for LCAT activation and lipid binding. They also decreased (A-I)rHDL size and surface charge. The rate of LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification in (A-I)rHDL varied according to the level of apoA-I glycation and progressively decreased as the extent of apoA-I glycation increased. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION It is concluded that glycation of apoA-I may adversely affect reverse cholesterol transport in subjects with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nobecourt
- Lipid Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
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Noh H, Kim JS, Han KH, Lee GT, Song JS, Chung SH, Jeon JS, Ha H, Lee HB. Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis: implications in functional and structural changes in the membrane. Kidney Int 2006; 69:2022-8. [PMID: 16641917 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive peritoneal fibrosis, membrane hyperpermeability, and ultrafiltration failure have been observed in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The present study tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by conventional PD solution (PDS) mediate functional and structural alterations of peritoneal membrane in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, PDS, PDS with an antioxidant, and PDS with an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker. Commercial PDS containing 3.86% glucose (20-30 ml) with or without N-acetylcystein (NAC) 10 mM or losartan 5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally twice a day for 12 weeks. Control rats received sham injection. Rats treated with PDS had significantly lower drain volume and D(4)/D(0) glucose, but higher D(4)/P(4) creatinine and increased membrane thickness and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression compared to control rats. Omental transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen I, and heat-shock protein (hsp) 47 expression and lipid peroxide levels and dialysate VEGF and Ang II concentrations were significantly increased in rats treated with PDS compared to control. All of these changes were prevented by both NAC and losartan. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ROS generated by conventional PDS are, in large part, responsible for peritoneal fibrosis and membrane hyperpermeability. We suggest that antioxidants or Ang II receptor blockers may allow better preservation of the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneal membrane during long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Noh
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Cai W, He JC, Zhu L, Lu C, Vlassara H. Advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptor 1 suppresses cell oxidant stress and activation signaling via EGF receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13801-6. [PMID: 16954185 PMCID: PMC1564251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600362103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end product receptors (AGERs) play distinct functional roles in both the toxicity and disposal of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), substances that are linked to diabetes and aging. Overexpression of AGER1 in murine mesangial cells (MCs) (MC-R1) inhibited AGE-induced MAPK1,2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity and also increased AGE degradation. The mechanism of the inhibitory effects of AGER1, upstream of MAPK, was explored in MCs and HEK293 AGER1-expressing cells. AGE-induced Ras activation was found to be linked to Shc/Grb2 complex formation and Shc phosphorylation in MCs, responses that were markedly reduced in MC-R1 cells. AGE responses also included EGF receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in MCs or HEK293 cells, but this link was blocked in both MC-R1 and HEK293-R1 cells. Coexpression of AGER1 and EGFR in HEK293 cells decreased AGE-mediated EGFR and p44/p42 phosphorylation but not EGF-induced p44/p42 activation. AGE, S100/calgranulin, or H(2)O(2) promoted MAPK phosphorylation in EGFR(+) cells in a manner that was inhibitable by an EGFR inhibitor, AG1478. Also, in AGER1 cells, AGE-induced H(2)O(2) formation and AGE- or S100-induced p44/p42 phosphorylation were suppressed, and these effects were restored by R1 siRNA. These data confirm that R1 negatively regulates AGE-mediated oxidant stress-dependent signaling via the EGFR and Shc/Grb2/Ras pathway. AGER1 could serve as a model for developing therapeutic targets against vascular and kidney disorders related to diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Cai
- *Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics, and
| | - John C. He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Li Zhu
- *Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics, and
| | - Changyong Lu
- *Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics, and
| | - Helen Vlassara
- *Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics, and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1640, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029. E-mail:
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Riboulet-Chavey A, Pierron A, Durand I, Murdaca J, Giudicelli J, Van Obberghen E. Methylglyoxal impairs the insulin signaling pathways independently of the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Diabetes 2006; 55:1289-99. [PMID: 16644685 DOI: 10.2337/db05-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation is increased in diabetes and leads to elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which link hyperglycemia to the induction of insulin resistance. In hyperglycemic conditions, intracellularly formed alpha-ketoaldehydes, such as methylglyoxal, are an essential source of intracellular AGEs, and the abnormal accumulation of methylglyoxal is related to the development of diabetes complications in various tissues and organs. We have previously shown in skeletal muscle that AGEs induce insulin resistance at the level of metabolic responses. Therefore, it was important to extend our work to intermediates of the biosynthetic pathway leading to AGEs. Hence, we asked the question whether the reactive alpha-ketoaldehyde methylglyoxal has deleterious effects on insulin action similar to AGEs. We analyzed the impact of methylglyoxal on insulin-induced signaling in L6 muscle cells. We demonstrate that a short exposure to methylglyoxal induces an inhibition of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, without affecting insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Importantly, these deleterious effects of methylglyoxal are independent of reactive oxygen species produced by methylglyoxal but appear to be the direct consequence of an impairment of insulin-induced insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation subsequent to the binding of methylglyoxal to these proteins. Our data suggest that an increase in intracellular methylglyoxal content hampers a key molecule, thereby leading to inhibition of insulin-induced signaling. By such a mechanism, methylglyoxal may not only induce the debilitating complications of diabetes but may also contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes in general.
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Xue C, Wyckoff J, Liang F, Sidani M, Violini S, Tsai KL, Zhang ZY, Sahai E, Condeelis J, Segall JE. Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression results in increased tumor cell motility in vivo coordinately with enhanced intravasation and metastasis. Cancer Res 2006; 66:192-7. [PMID: 16397232 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB1) has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast and other cancers, clinical trials of ErbB1 inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in inhibiting tumor proliferation. To evaluate other possible roles of ErbB1 in tumor malignancy besides proliferation, we have developed a series of tools for analysis of intravasation. Overexpression of ErbB1 in MTLn3 mammary adenocarcinoma cells results in increased intravasation and lung metastasis from tumors formed by injection of cells in the mammary fat pad. However, increased ErbB1 expression has no effect on primary tumor growth and lung seeding efficiency of cells injected i.v. Chemotactic responses to low concentrations of EGF in vitro and cell motility in vivo in the primary tumor measured using intravital imaging are significantly increased by ErbB1 overexpression. The increased cell motility is restricted to ErbB1-overexpressing cells in tumors containing mixtures of cells expressing different ErbB1 levels, arguing for a cell-autonomous effect of increased ErbB1 expression rather than alteration of the tumor microenvironment. In summary, we propose that ErbB1 overexpression makes more significant contributions to intravasation than growth in some tumors and present a novel model for studying ErbB1 contributions to tumor metastasis via chemotaxis and intravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsen Xue
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Sakiyama H, Takahashi M, Yamamoto T, Teshima T, Lee SH, Miyamoto Y, Misonou Y, Taniguchi N. The Internalization and Metabolism of 3-Deoxyglucosone in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 139:245-53. [PMID: 16452312 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
3-Deoxyglucosone (3-DG), a dicarbonyl compound produced by glycation, plays a role in the modification and cross-linking of long-lived proteins. We synthesized [3H]3-DG from [3H]glucose and developed an internalization assay system using HPLC to examine its cellular metabolism. When smooth muscle cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with [3H]3-DG, it was found that [3H]3-DG was internalized by cells in a time dependent manner. The rate of internalization was reduced when the cells were incubated at 4 degrees C or treated with phenylarsine oxide (PAO). By monitoring [3H]3-DG taken up by cells, it was confirmed that 3-DG is reduced to 3-deoxyfructose (3-DF) and that this reaction was inhibited by an aldo-keto reductase inhibitor (ARI). The presence of 3-DG led to an increase in reactive oxygen species levels in the cells and subsequent apoptosis, and the effect was enhanced by pretreatment with ARI. These results suggest that 3-DG is internalized by cells and reduced to 3-DF by aldo-keto reductases, and that the internalized 3-DG is responsible for the production of intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sakiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, B1, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Wu L. Is methylglyoxal a causative factor for hypertension development?This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84:129-39. [PMID: 16845897 DOI: 10.1139/y05-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a life-threatening disease that is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. Causes and mechanisms for hypertension development remain poorly understood. Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive molecule, is a metabolite of sugar. Increased circulation and tissue levels of MG have been documented not only in diabetes but also in hypertension. Many recent studies also link MG-induced vascular damage to the pathogenic process of hypertension. As such, an etiological role of MG in hypertension development is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Hamada Y, Nakashima E, Naruse K, Nakae M, Naiki M, Fujisawa H, Oiso Y, Hotta N, Nakamura J. A copper chelating agent suppresses carbonyl stress in diabetic rat lenses. J Diabetes Complications 2005; 19:328-34. [PMID: 16260349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To clarify whether transition metals are involved in carbonyl stress in diabetic tissues, we observed the effects of a metal chelating agent, trientine (TE) hydrochloride on the levels of methylglyoxal (MG), 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), advanced glycation end products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and polyol pathway metabolites along with semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) enzyme activity in lenses from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lens MG and 3-DG levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats than nondiabetic controls, and TE significantly restored the increase of these compounds. Lens argpyrimidine was also increased in diabetic rats as compared with controls and was significantly reduced by TE. Lens SSAO activity and 8-OHdG were also significantly elevated in diabetic rats, and TE suppressed both of them, whereas TE showed no effect on the polyol pathway metabolites. The results indicate that transition metals play a significant role in the formation of MG and 3-DG via oxidative stress and SSAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Hamada
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Fukunaga M, Miyata S, Higo S, Hamada Y, Ueyama S, Kasuga M. Methylglyoxal induces apoptosis through oxidative stress-mediated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat Schwann cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1043:151-7. [PMID: 16037234 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1333.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although recent studies have suggested the potential involvement of apoptotic cell death in the development of diabetic neuropathy, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, it is known that the formation of methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is accelerated under diabetic conditions through several glucose-related metabolisms including the glycation reaction. We found that MG was capable of inducing apoptosis in peripheral nerve-derived Schwann cells (SCs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, accompanied by a reduction of intracellular glutathione content. Furthermore, MG induced phosphorylation of MKK3/MKK6, an upstream molecule in the p38 MAPK pathway. N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, successfully suppressed the activity of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway along with the inhibition of apoptosis, indicating the involvement of oxidative stress in the MG-induced apoptosis via the p38 MAPK pathway. These results suggest a possible contribution of glucose-derived MG to the development of diabetic neuropathy by injuring the cellular constituent of the peripheral nerve system, such as SCs, in the hyperglycemic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiru Fukunaga
- Division of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Zhang X, Dong F, Li Q, Borgerding AJ, Klein AL, Ren J. Cardiac overexpression of catalase antagonizes ADH-associated contractile depression and stress signaling after acute ethanol exposure in murine myocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 99:2246-54. [PMID: 16109828 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00750.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which oxidizes ethanol into acetaldehyde, exacerbates ethanol-induced cardiac depression, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. This study was designed to examine the impact of antioxidant catalase (CAT) on cardiac contractile response to ethanol and activation of stress signaling. ADH-CAT double transgenic mice were generated by crossing CAT and ADH lines. Mechanical, intracellular Ca(2+) properties and reactive oxygen species generation were measured in ventricular myocytes. ADH-CAT, ADH, CAT and wild-type FVB myocytes exhibited similar mechanical and intracellular Ca(2+) properties. ADH or ADH-CAT myocytes had higher acetaldehyde-producing ability. Ethanol (80-640 mg/dl) suppressed FVB cell shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) transients with maximal inhibitions of 43.5 and 45.2%, respectively. Ethanol-induced depression on cell shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) was augmented in ADH group with maximal inhibitions of 66.8 and 69.6%, respectively. Interestingly, myocytes from CAT-ADH mice displayed normal ethanol response with maximal inhibitions of 46.0 and 47.2% for cell shortening and intracellular Ca(2+), respectively. CAT transgene lessened ethanol-induced inhibition on cell shortening (maximal inhibition of 30.3%) but not intracellular Ca(2+). ADH amplified ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species generation, which was nullified by the CAT transgene. Western blot analysis showed that ethanol reduced ERK phosphorylation and enhanced JNK phosphorylation without affecting p38 phosphorylation. The ethanol-induced changes in phosphorylation of ERK and JNK were amplified by ADH. CAT transgene itself did not affect ethanol-induced response in ERK and JNK phosphorylation, but it cancelled ADH-induced effects. These data suggest that antioxidant CAT may effectively antagonize ADH-induced enhanced cardiac depression in response to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Tauer A, Bender TO, Fleischmann EH, Niwa T, Jörres A, Pischetsrieder M. Fate of the glucose degradation products 3-deoxyglucosone and glyoxal during peritoneal dialysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:710-5. [PMID: 15915443 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Conventional fluids for peritoneal dialysis (PD) contain reactive glucose degradation products (GDPs) as a result of glucose breakdown during heat-sterilization. GDPs in PD fluids (PDFs) have been associated with the progressive alteration of the peritoneal membrane during long-term PD by cytotoxic effects and formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In this study, we investigated the possible fate of two characteristic GDPs, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and glyoxal, during PD. In vivo, 3-DG and glyoxal concentrations, which were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), decreased in PDFs by 78% and 88% during 4 h of dwell time. The PDFs were then incubated in vitro in the presence of the most important reaction partners of GDPs in the peritoneal cavity. Neither human peritoneal mesothelial cells, human peritoneal fibroblasts, soluble protein, an insoluble collagen surface, nor components of spent dialysate led to a significant reduction of 3-DG or glyoxal after 6 h. Only after long-term incubation, a noticeable decrease of 3-DG was observed (-37% after three weeks), more likely due to spontaneous degradation reaction than formation of advanced glycation endproducts. These results suggest that in the course of PD, 3-DG, and glyoxal are absorbed into the organism and thus might contribute to the systemic pool of reactive carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tauer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
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Kim J, Lin J, Adam RM, Lamb C, Shively SB, Freeman MR. An oxidative stress mechanism mediates chelerythrine-induced heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor ectodomain shedding. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:39-49. [PMID: 15490481 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulated shedding of cell surface proteins is a mechanism for rapid activation of autocrine and paracrine signaling. Here we report that chelerythrine, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor that possesses a variety of biological functions, is a potent inducer of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) shedding from the cell surface. Chelerythrine induced a time- and dose-dependent shedding of an HB-EGF-alkaline phosphatase (HB-EGF-AP) fusion protein expressed in MC2 rat prostate epithelial cells. The soluble form of HB-EGF-AP bound to heparin and exhibited potent biological activity as measured by DNA synthesis assay. Chelerythrine-induced HB-EGF shedding was metalloproteinase-(MMP-) mediated because specific MMP antagonists inhibited shedding by > or =60%. Chelerythrine stimulated production of reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants prevented chelerythrine-induced HB-EGF shedding, suggesting that the production of intracellular peroxides is necessary for this event. Consistent with this possibility, antioxidant- and MMP-inhibitable shedding was also demonstrated when hydrogen peroxide was used as an inducer. Although JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK pathways were activated by chelerythine, these signaling mechanisms were not required to mediate the shedding event. However, JNK signaling was involved in chelerythrine-stimulated apoptosis. Our results suggest that HB-EGF shedding induced by chelerythrine is mediated predominantly via the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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