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Giudicelli J, Nicoli RM. Contribution à l’étude du peuplement de la Corse. (10e note) Un Gordionus nouveau, Gordionus cyrnensis n. sp. (Gordioïdea). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/parasite/1962374616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Pooya S, Blaise S, Moreno Garcia M, Giudicelli J, Alberto JM, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Jeannesson E, Gueguen N, Bressenot A, Nicolas B, Malthiery Y, Daval JL, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Bronowicki JP, Guéant JL. Methyl donor deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation through PGC-1α hypomethylation and decreased ER-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α in the rat liver. J Hepatol 2012; 57:344-51. [PMID: 22521344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Folate and cobalamin are methyl donors needed for the synthesis of methionine, which is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, the substrate of methylation in epigenetic, and epigenomic pathways. Methyl donor deficiency produces liver steatosis and predisposes to metabolic syndrome. Whether impaired fatty acid oxidation contributes to this steatosis remains unknown. METHODS We evaluated the consequences of methyl donor deficient diet in liver of pups from dams subjected to deficiency during gestation and lactation. RESULTS The deprived rats had microvesicular steatosis, with increased triglycerides, decreased methionine synthase activity, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. We observed no change in apoptosis markers, oxidant and reticulum stresses, and carnityl-palmitoyl transferase 1 activity, and a decreased expression of SREBP-1c. Impaired beta-oxidation of fatty acids and carnitine deficit were the predominant changes, with decreased free and total carnitines, increased C14:1/C16 acylcarnitine ratio, decrease of oxidation rate of palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-L-carnitine and decrease of expression of novel organic cation transporter 1, acylCoA-dehydrogenase and trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha and decreased activity of complexes I and II. These changes were related to lower protein expression of ER-α, ERR-α and HNF-4α, and hypomethylation of PGC-1α co-activator that reduced its binding with PPAR-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α. CONCLUSIONS The liver steatosis resulted predominantly from hypomethylation of PGC1-α, decreased binding with its partners and subsequent impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This link between methyl donor deficiency and epigenomic deregulations of energy metabolism opens new insights into the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease, in particular, in relation to the fetal programming hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Pooya
- Inserm U954, Medical Faculty and CHU of Nancy, Nancy University, Nancy, France
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Fiory F, Lombardi A, Miele C, Giudicelli J, Beguinot F, Van Obberghen E. Methylglyoxal impairs insulin signalling and insulin action on glucose-induced insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta cell line INS-1E. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2941-52. [PMID: 21861178 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Chronic hyperglycaemia aggravates insulin resistance, at least in part, by increasing the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most reactive AGE precursor and its abnormal accumulation participates in damage in various tissues and organs. Here we investigated the ability of MGO to interfere with insulin signalling and to affect beta cell functions in the INS-1E beta cell line. METHODS INS-1E cells were incubated with MGO and then exposed to insulin or to glucose. Western blotting was used to study signalling pathways, and real-time PCR to analyse gene expression; insulin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Non-cytotoxic MGO concentrations inhibited insulin-induced IRS tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway activation independently from reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Concomitantly, formation of AGE adducts on immunoprecipitated IRS was observed. Aminoguanidine reversed MGO inhibitory effects and the formation of AGE adducts on IRS. Further, the insulin- and glucose-induced expression of Ins1, Gck and Pdx1 mRNA was abolished by MGO. Finally, MGO blocked glucose-induced insulin secretion and PI3K/PKB pathway activation. These MGO effects were abolished by LiCl, which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MGO exerted major damaging effects on INS-1E cells impairing both insulin action and secretion. An important actor in these noxious MGO effects appears to be GSK-3. In conclusion, MGO participates not only in the pathogenesis of the debilitating complications of type 2 diabetes, but also in worsening of the diabetic state by favouring beta cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fiory
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Schneider SM, Al-Jaouni R, Caruba C, Giudicelli J, Arab K, Suavet F, Ferrari P, Mothe-Satney I, Van Obberghen E, Hébuterne X. Effects of age, malnutrition and refeeding on the expression and secretion of ghrelin. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:724-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bini R, Cursio R, Belhacene N, Giudicelli J, Ferruà B, Olivero G, Auberger P, Mari B, Gugenheim J, Cotogni P. Effect of caspase inhibition on thymic apoptosis in hemorrhagic shock. J INVEST SURG 2008; 20:97-103. [PMID: 17454394 DOI: 10.1080/08941930701235445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In hemorrhagic shock (HS) an increased thymic apoptosis (TA) was described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxy-carbonil-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) during the resuscitation phase on TA, organ dysfunctions, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release in HS. Forty rats were randomly assigned to four groups: no HS/resuscitation (sham); HS/resuscitation with shed blood and normal saline (control); HS/resuscitation with shed blood and phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) (vehicle); and HS/resuscitation with shed blood and Z-VAD-FMK (inhibitor). Rats were subjected to HS by blood removal to a MAP of 35-40 mmHg. After a 1-h shock period, the animals were resuscitated according to the protocol. At 1 and 3 h after resuscitation, transaminases, creatinine, urea, lipase, TNF-alpha, and TA were evaluated. Our study showed that a nonlethal HS is early able to induce organ dysfunctions and increased TA. Administration of Z-VAD-FMK did not significantly decrease organ dysfunctions, while it induced a significant TNF-alpha release. TA was significantly reduced by Z-VAD-FMK after 1 h, but not after 3 h. Our results suggest that postinjury caspase inhibition does not attenuate organ dysfunctions, and also does not permanently reduce TA induced by HS and resuscitation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bini
- Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Dipartimento di Discipline Medico-Chirurgiche, Universit à di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Anty R, Gelsi E, Giudicelli J, Mariné-Barjoan E, Gual P, Benzaken S, Saint-Paul MC, Sadoul JL, Huet PM, Tran A. Glucose intolerance and hypoadiponectinemia are already present in lean patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype non-3 viruses. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:671-7. [PMID: 17625437 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3281532b9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Steatosis and metabolic abnormalities seem to be frequent and deleterious in chronic hepatitis C. Changes in glucose homeostasis and in adiponectin levels, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive properties, were evaluated in patients with chronic hepatitis C according to steatosis, liver fibrosis and body mass index. METHODS Seventy-three patients with chronic hepatitis C (40 men, 33 women) infected with genotypes non-3 and 22 healthy controls (11 men and 11 women) were included in the study and all had a biochemical evaluation, including metabolic parameters, adiponectin measurement, and a liver biopsy. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the HOMA 1-IR insulin resistance model. RESULTS Steatosis was found in 65.7% of the patients and significant fibrosis (METAVIR F2-F4) was present in 28.7%. The presence of steatosis could only be predicted by fibrosis, whereas significant fibrosis could be predicted by steatosis and age. Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased (-32%) with the severity of the steatosis. Although overweight chronic hepatitis C patients (body mass index>or=25 kg/m2) had insulin resistance and hypoadiponectinemia, lean chronic hepatitis C patients (body mass index<25 kg/m2) had already significantly higher glycemia and lower adiponectin levels than in controls. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the high incidence of steatosis in patients infected by hepatitis C virus genotypes non-3, well linked to the development of fibrosis and metabolic abnormalities. Importantly, the present findings put emphasis on the early development of these metabolic abnormalities as they were already found in lean patients with chronic hepatitis C. The direct implication of hepatitis C virus is thus further stressed in the development of steatosis and insulin resistance, with or without involvement of host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Anty
- Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Pôle digestif, Nice, France.
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Riboulet-Chavey A, Pierron A, Durand I, Murdaca J, Giudicelli J, Van Obberghen E. Methylglyoxal impairs the insulin signaling pathways independently of the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Diabetes 2006; 55:1289-99. [PMID: 16644685 DOI: 10.2337/db05-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation is increased in diabetes and leads to elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which link hyperglycemia to the induction of insulin resistance. In hyperglycemic conditions, intracellularly formed alpha-ketoaldehydes, such as methylglyoxal, are an essential source of intracellular AGEs, and the abnormal accumulation of methylglyoxal is related to the development of diabetes complications in various tissues and organs. We have previously shown in skeletal muscle that AGEs induce insulin resistance at the level of metabolic responses. Therefore, it was important to extend our work to intermediates of the biosynthetic pathway leading to AGEs. Hence, we asked the question whether the reactive alpha-ketoaldehyde methylglyoxal has deleterious effects on insulin action similar to AGEs. We analyzed the impact of methylglyoxal on insulin-induced signaling in L6 muscle cells. We demonstrate that a short exposure to methylglyoxal induces an inhibition of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, without affecting insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Importantly, these deleterious effects of methylglyoxal are independent of reactive oxygen species produced by methylglyoxal but appear to be the direct consequence of an impairment of insulin-induced insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation subsequent to the binding of methylglyoxal to these proteins. Our data suggest that an increase in intracellular methylglyoxal content hampers a key molecule, thereby leading to inhibition of insulin-induced signaling. By such a mechanism, methylglyoxal may not only induce the debilitating complications of diabetes but may also contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes in general.
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Longnus SL, Ségalen C, Giudicelli J, Sajan MP, Farese RV, Van Obberghen E. Insulin signalling downstream of protein kinase B is potentiated by 5'AMP-activated protein kinase in rat hearts in vivo. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2591-601. [PMID: 16283248 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin stimulate glucose transport in heart and muscle. AMPK acts in an additive manner with insulin to increase glucose uptake, thereby suggesting that AMPK activation may be a useful strategy for ameliorating glucose uptake, especially in cases of insulin resistance. In order to characterise interactions between the insulin- and AMPK-signalling pathways, we investigated the effects of AMPK activation on insulin signalling in the rat heart in vivo. METHODS Male rats (350-400 g) were injected with 1 g/kg 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or 250 mg/kg metformin in order to activate AMPK. Rats were administered insulin 30 min later and after another 30 min their hearts were removed. The activities and phosphorylation levels of components of the insulin-signalling pathway were subsequently analysed in individual rat hearts. RESULTS AICAR and metformin administration activated AMPK and enhanced insulin signalling downstream of protein kinase B in rat hearts in vivo. Insulin-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) beta, p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K)(Thr389) and IRS1(Ser636/639) were significantly increased following AMPK activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of heightened insulin responses of GSK3beta and p70S6K following AMPK activation. In addition, we found that AMPK inhibits insulin stimulation of IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, and that AMPK activates atypical protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the heart. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Our data are indicative of differential effects of AMPK on the activation of components in the cardiac insulin-signalling pathway. These intriguing observations are critical for characterisation of the crosstalk between AMPK and insulin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Longnus
- INSERM U145, IFR 50, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107,, Nice Cedex 2, France.
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Botosaneanu L, Giudicelli J. Discovery in the Alps of Provence (France) of a new taxon in the entirely parthenogenetic superspecies Apatania muliebris (Trichoptera: Apataniidae). REV SUISSE ZOOL 2004. [DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.80264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Piche T, Vandenbos F, Abakar-Mahamat A, Vanbiervliet G, Barjoan EM, Calle G, Giudicelli J, Ferrua B, Laffont C, Benzaken S, Tran A. The severity of liver fibrosis is associated with high leptin levels in chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 2004; 11:91-6. [PMID: 14738564 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent attention has focused on the liver profibrogenic role of leptin in animal models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of leptin and TNF-alpha in the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We used a radioimmunoassay to determine serum leptin concentrations in 77 consecutive patients with CHC and 22 healthy controls. Leptin was correlated with liver histological (METAVIR) and metabolic indices. Sixty five patients had none to moderate liver fibrosis (F0-F2) and twelve severe fibrosis (F3-F4). Steatosis was observed in all but 27 patients. Leptin was significantly increased in patients compared with controls and was significantly more elevated in females both in patients and controls. The age, age at infection, prothrombin index, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, glycaemia, ferritin, leptin and TNF-alpha, were associated with severe fibrosis. Steatosis was significantly more pronounced in patients with severe than those without or moderate fibrosis (P = 0.04). Only leptin was significantly and independently associated with severe fibrosis (OR = 1.2, CI 95%: 1.1-1.4, P = 0.03). Leptin was significantly associated with BMI (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and glycaemia (r = 0.43, P < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between steatosis and BMI (r = 0.30, P < 0.01) and glycaemia (r = 0.30, P < 0.01). In patients with CHC and higher BMI and glycaemia levels, the severity of liver fibrosis is associated with serum leptin. TNF-alpha is a putative candidate involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Piche
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, CHU de NICE, France.
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Miele C, Riboulet A, Maitan MA, Oriente F, Romano C, Formisano P, Giudicelli J, Beguinot F, Van Obberghen E. Human glycated albumin affects glucose metabolism in L6 skeletal muscle cells by impairing insulin-induced insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling through a protein kinase C alpha-mediated mechanism. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:47376-87. [PMID: 12970360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301088200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation is increased in diabetes and leads to increased levels of glycated proteins. Most studies have focused on the role of glycation products in vascular complications. Here, we have investigated the action of human glycated albumin (HGA) on insulin signaling in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Exposure of these cells to HGA inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthase activity by 95 and 80%, respectively. These effects were time- and dose-dependent, reaching a maximum after 12 h incubation with 0.1 mg/ml HGA. In contrast, exposure of the cells to HGA had no effect on thymidine incorporation. Further, HGA reduced insulin-stimulated serine phosphorylation of PKB and GSK3, but did not alter ERK1/2 activation. HGA did not affect either insulin receptor kinase activity or insulin-induced Shc phosphorylation on tyrosine. In contrast, insulin-dependent IRS-1 and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation was severely reduced in cells preincubated with HGA for 24 h. Insulin-stimulated association of PI3K with IRS-1 and IRS-2, and PI3K activity were reduced by HGA in parallel with the changes in IRS tyrosine phosphorylation, while Grb2-IRS association was unchanged. In L6 myotubes, exposure to HGA increased PKC activity by 2-fold resulting in a similar increase in Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2. These phosphorylations were blocked by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (BDM). BDM also blocked the action of HGA on insulin-stimulated PKB and GSK3 alpha. Simultaneously, BDM rescued insulin-stimulation of glucose uptake and glycogen synthase activity in cells exposed to HGA. The use of antibodies specific to PKC isoforms shows that this effect appears to be mediated by activated PKC alpha, independent of reactive oxygen species production. In summary, in L6 skeletal muscle cells, exposure to HGA leads to insulin resistance selectively in glucose metabolism with no effect on growth-related pathways regulated by the hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare & Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Al-Jaouni R, Tran A, Schneider S, Longo F, Sadoul J, Giudicelli J, He´buterne X. Metabolic profile of obese patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mas J, Rocchi S, Giudicelli J, Bongain A, Van Obberghen E, Berard E. CO36 SFRP Dosage de l'adiponectine dans le sang du cordon: relation avec la croissance fæt ale et le development du tissu adipeux. Arch Pediatr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(03)90502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hiéronimus S, Bastard S, Gillet JY, Giudicelli J, Brucker-Davis F, Berthier F, Van Obberghen E, Fénichel P. Significance of cord-blood leptin in newborns of diabetic mothers. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:1886-7. [PMID: 12351498 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.10.1886-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Piche T, Gelsi E, Schneider SM, Hébuterne X, Giudicelli J, Ferrua B, Laffont C, Benzaken S, Hastier P, Montoya ML, Longo F, Rampal P, Tran A. Fatigue is associated with high circulating leptin levels in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 2002; 51:434-9. [PMID: 12171970 PMCID: PMC1773339 DOI: 10.1136/gut.51.3.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2001] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fatigue is a frequent and disabling symptom reported by patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Its mechanism is poorly understood. Recent attention has focused on the role of leptin and energy expenditure in CHC. Our aims were to analyse fatigue in CHC and to determine its relationship with disease activity, resting energy expenditure (REE), circulating leptin, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS Seventy eight CHC patients, 22 healthy controls, and 13 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients underwent measurements of REE, body composition, leptin, and TNF-alpha. All subjects completed the fatigue impact scale (FIS) questionnaire. A liver biopsy and viral load measurements were performed in all patients. RESULTS Thirty eight of 78 CHC patients considered fatigue the worst or initial symptom of their disease. The fatigue score of patients was significantly higher than that of controls (53.2 (40.1) v 17.7 (16.9); p<0.0001) and was more pronounced in females (p=0.003). Leptin was increased significantly in CHC patients compared with controls (15.4 (20.7) v 6.4 (4.1) ng/ml; p<0.05). In CHC patients, the fatigue score correlated significantly with leptin corrected for fat mass (r=0.30, p=0.01). This correlation increased when the physical domain of fatigue was included (r=0.39, p=0.0009). Furthermore, a similar positive correlation was found in PBC patients (r=0.56, p=0.04). No correlation was found between fatigue and age, REE, liver function tests, viral load, or the METAVIR score in CHC patients. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue is present in CHC patients and is more pronounced in females. The FIS questionnaire is clinically relevant and may be useful for future therapeutic trials aimed at reducing fatigue. Fatigue may be partly mediated by leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Piche
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition, CHU de NICE, France.
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Cursio R, Mari B, Louis K, Rostagno P, Saint-Paul MC, Giudicelli J, Bottero V, Anglard P, Yiotakis A, Dive V, Gugenheim J, Auberger P. Rat liver injury after normothermic ischemia is prevented by a phosphinic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. FASEB J 2002; 16:93-5. [PMID: 11709491 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0279fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia occurs in liver transplantation, hemodynamic or cardiogenic shock, and liver resection associated with trauma or tumor. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury results in microcirculation failure followed by apoptosis and necrosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, but their expression and function during liver I/R remains poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated the expression of nine MMPs and their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), in a rat model of liver I/R. Analysis of MMP and TIMP expression show that although most of these genes are not constitutively expressed in the normal liver, they are induced in a specific time-dependent manner following I/R. Stromelysin-1, gelatinase B, and collagenase-3 are induced during the early phase of acute liver injury associated with inflammation and increased necrosis/apoptosis, whereas gelatinase A, membrane type-MMP, stromelysin-3, metalloelastase, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 are essentially detectable during the recovery phase of liver injury corresponding to hepatocyte regeneration. This observation suggested that MMPs and TIMPs could play both deleterious and beneficial roles following I/R. We thus tested the effect of a specific phosphinic MMP inhibitor on acute liver I/R injury. Inhibition of MMP activity was shown to significantly decrease liver injury in ischemic/reperfused liver tissue as assessed by histological studies and serum hepatic enzyme levels. We therefore propose that MMP inhibitors may be of clinical relevance in liver-associated ischemic diseases or after liver transplantation.
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Van Obberghen E, Baron V, Delahaye L, Emanuelli B, Filippa N, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Lebrun P, Mothe-Satney I, Peraldi P, Rocchi S, Sawka-Verhelle D, Tartare-Deckert S, Giudicelli J. Surfing the insulin signaling web. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:966-77. [PMID: 11737239 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The diverse biological actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are initiated by binding of the polypeptides to their respective cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors. These activated receptors phosphorylate a series of endogenous substrates on tyrosine, amongst which the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are the best characterized. Their phosphotyrosine-containing motifs become binding sites for Src homology 2 (SH2) domains on proteins such as SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (SHP)-2/Syp, growth factor receptor bound-2 protein, (Grb-2), and phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3 kinase), which participate in activation of specific signaling cascades. However, the IRS molecules are not only platforms for signaling molecules, they also orchestrate the generation of signal specificity, integration of signals induced by several extracellular stimuli, and signal termination and modulation. An extensive review is beyond the scope of the present article, which will be centered on our own contribution and reflect our biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van Obberghen
- Inserm U 145, IFR 50, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de Valombrose, Nice Cedex, France.
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Madinier I, Fosse T, Giudicelli J, Labia R. Cloning and biochemical characterization of a class A beta-lactamase from Prevotella intermedia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2386-9. [PMID: 11451705 PMCID: PMC90662 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.8.2386-2389.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding a beta-lactamase of Prevotella intermedia was cloned and sequenced. This gene, called cfxA2, shared 98% identity with cfxA, the structural gene of a beta-lactamase previously described in Bacteroides vulgatus. The deduced protein sequence had a K272E substitution. CfxA2 had the characteristics of class A, group 2e beta-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Madinier
- Laboratoire de Pathobiologie Orale, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
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Cazaubon A, Giudicelli J. Impact of the residual flow on the physical characteristics and benthic community (algae, invertebrates) of a regulated Mediterranean river: the Durance, France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<441::aid-rrr558>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Razzouk H, dos Santos L, Giudicelli J, Queirós M, de Lurdes Chieira M, Castro A, Ramos C, Lindbladh C. A comparison of the bronchodilatory effect of 50 and 100 microg salbutamol via Turbuhaler and 100 microg salbutamol via pressurized metered dose inhaler in children with stable asthma. Int J Pharm 1999; 180:169-75. [PMID: 10370187 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of single doses of salbutamol Turbuhaler (50 and 100 microg), salbutamol pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) (100 microg) and placebo in children with stable chronic reversible airway obstruction. Primary efficacy variable (FEV1-av) was calculated as the area under the curve of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (AUC, 0-4 h) and divided by the observed time. DESIGN The study was of a randomized, single-dose, crossover and double-blind design. Seven centres participated. FEV1 was measured pre-dose and at 15 min, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 h post study dose. PATIENTS Forty asthmatic children (9 girls) with a mean age of 9 years (range: 6-12), mean FEV1 of 1.6 l (range: 0.9-2.4) and a mean FEV1 in percentage of predicted normal value of 80% (range: 61-109) were randomized into the study. The mean reversibility 30 min after inhaling 2x100 microg salbutamol from pMDI was 20% (range: 9-45) or 15% (range: 8-27) in percentage of predicted normal value. RESULTS The mean FEV1-av was 1.63 l for placebo, 1.71 l for 50 microg salbutamol Turbuhaler, 1.76 l for 100 microg salbutamol Turbuhaler and 1.76 for 100 microg salbutamol pMDI. Corresponding values for maximum FEV1 were 1.76, 1. 85, 1.87 and 1.87 l, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the active treatments in FEV1-av or maximum FEV1. All active treatments were significantly better than placebo. CONCLUSION No significant differences in bronchodilating effect between 50, 100 microg salbutamol Turbuhaler and 100 microg salbutamol pMDI in children, aged 6-12 years, with stable asthma could be demonstrated. All active treatments were significantly better than placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Razzouk
- Centre les Acacias, Briancon, France
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22
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Zecca L, Mesonero JE, Stutz A, Poirée JC, Giudicelli J, Cursio R, Gloor SM, Semenza G. Intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH): the two catalytic sites; the role of the pancreas in pro-LPH maturation. FEBS Lett 1998; 435:225-8. [PMID: 9762914 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brush border lactase-phlorizin hydrolase carries two catalytic sites. In the human enzyme lactase comprises Glu-1749, phlorizin hydrolase Glu-1273. The proteolytic processing of pro-lactase-phlorizin hydrolase by (rat) enterocytes stops two amino acid residues short of the N-terminus of 'mature' final, brush border lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. Only these two amino acid residues are removed by luminal pancreatic protease(s), probably trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zecca
- Department of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zentrum, Zurich
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23
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Giudicelli J, Delque-Bayer P, Sudaka P, Poiree JC. Renal neutral alpha-D-glucosidase has no role in transport of D-glucose derived from maltose hydrolysis. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:R1150-7. [PMID: 9575982 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To reinvestigate the "hydrolase-related transport" concept, neutral alpha-D-glucosidase, a membrane-bound disaccharidase of renal proximal tubule, was first purified from brush-border membranes and then asymmetrically reincorporated into egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Proteolytic treatments and immunotitration studies demonstrated that this enzyme was integrated in native and artificial membrane vesicles with a similar topology. The uptake of free glucose and glucose produced by maltose hydrolysis was studied using 1) proteoliposomes containing integrated neutral alpha-D-glucosidase, in combination with other membrane proteins, and 2) proteoliposomes containing only the other membrane proteins but incubated in a medium containing neutral alpha-D-glucosidase in its hydrophilic form. No modification was observed in the uptake of free D-glucose or D-glucose produced by maltose hydrolysis, regardless of enzyme localization. In contrast to previous findings on the hydrolase-related transport concept, these results rule out any participation of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase in the transport of free glucose or glucose produced by maltose hydrolysis. Hydrolytic activity and transmembrane transport appear to be two independent and sequential steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giudicelli
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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24
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Giudicelli J, Bertrand MF, Bilski S, Tran TT, Poiree JC. Effect of cross-linkers on the structure and function of pig-renal sodium-glucose cotransporters after papain treatment. Biochem J 1998; 330 ( Pt 2):733-6. [PMID: 9480883 PMCID: PMC1219198 DOI: 10.1042/bj3300733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney brush-border membranes contain two sodium-dependent glucose transporters, one with low and one with high affinity for phlorizin, the specific inhibitor of these transporters. Using Scatchard analysis of phlorizin binding and Western blotting with specific antibodies against these transporters, we demonstrate in this study that although both transporters were proteolysed by papain treatment, only the high-affinity phlorizin-binding sites were decreased. Papain treatment followed by cross-linking with homobifunctional disuccinimidyl tartarate restored only the structure of the low-affinity phlorizin-binding protein (approx. molecular mass 70 kDa) without modifying the phlorizin-binding sites. When disuccinimidyl tartarate was replaced with dithiobis(succinimidyl acetate), another homobifunctional cross-linker with a higher spacer arm, the low- and high-affinity sites were both restored, with reappearance of two phlorizin-binding proteins with approx. molecular masses of 70 and 120 kDa. We conclude that high-affinity phlorizin-binding sites depend on the presence of the heterodimeric 120 kDa protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giudicelli
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
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25
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Giudicelli J, Thiéry A. La faune des mares temporaires, son originalité et son intérêt pour la biodiversité des eaux continentales méditerranéennes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.3406/ecmed.1998.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Giudicelli J, Dubois F, Thouvenot D, Dutruge J, Bellon G. [Coronavirus infection in infants: lower respiratory tract involvement, apnea and sudden death?]. Arch Pediatr 1995; 2:185. [PMID: 7646659 PMCID: PMC7133488 DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(95)90150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Keller P, Poirée JC, Giudicelli J, Semenza G. Do pancreatic proteases play a role in processing prolactase and/or in the postweaning decline of lactase? Am J Physiol 1995; 268:G41-6. [PMID: 7840206 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.1.g41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of pancreatic proteases in the proteolytic processing and in the postweaning decline of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), we have determined lactase activity and the different LPH forms in postweaned rats in which a jejunal loop was excluded from contact with pancreatic secretions by a jejunal bypass procedure. As a control for the absence of pancreatic proteases, pro-sucrase-isomaltase (proSI), which is known to be split by pancreatic proteases into heterodimeric SI, was used. Nearly all proLPH was processed to mature LPH, indistinguishable from LPH isolated from control animals. SI was found only in the unsplit pro form, whereas it was normally processed to the heterodimeric SI in the control tissues. There were no significant differences in lactase and sucrase activities in operated and in sham-operated control animals. We conclude that pancreatic secretions are not essential for the processing of proLPH to LPH or in the postweaning decline of LPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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28
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Abstract
Two cases of Destombes Rosai Dorfman's syndrome are presented. Diagnosis was performed by superficial lymph node biopsy. The first case concerned a nine and half years old girl with cervical adenopathy who developed a compressive mediastinal adenopathy responsible for a right lower lobe atelectasis. Because of local lung suppuration a lobectomy had to be performed. The second case concerned a fourteen years old boy with recurrent fever, diffuse superficial lymph nodes and erythematous skin rash. The two patients showed clinical and biological inflammatory symptoms without any immunodeficiency. No aetiological agent could be identified. Antibiotics and corticoids had no effect but the two patients recovered (after 18 months follow up in case 2). These two particular cases confirm the clinical course heterogeneicity of the syndrome which requires histological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giudicelli
- Clinique médicale infantile A, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
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29
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Lemaire P, Mathieu A, Carrière S, Narbonne JF, Lafaurie M, Giudicelli J. Hepatic biotransformation enzymes in aquaculture European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): kinetic parameters and induction with benzo(A)pyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Benchimol D, Pesce A, Delque-Bayer P, Saint-Paul MC, Giudicelli J, Mouroux J, Taillan B, Bourgeon A, Richelme H. Jejunal versus ileal segmental allografts in the dog: comparison of immunologic and functional results. Surgery 1992; 112:918-27. [PMID: 1440245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Segmental small-bowel grafts have been advocated as a means of reducing the incidence of rejection and graft-versus-host disease in small-bowel transplant recipients. This study compared the results achieved with heterotopic segmental allografts of the jejunum and the ileum that used 120 cm Thiry-Vella loops in a dog model. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of 25 mg cyclosporine/kg/day. Results were monitored by histologic examinations, function tests (maltose and xylose absorption), and brush-border enzyme assays. Thirty-three dogs were randomized for use as a donor (n = 11) or recipient of a jejunal allograft (n = 11) or an ileal allograft (n = 11). Eight allografts were technical failures and were excluded from analysis. Fourteen allografts were successful (eight ileal, six jejunal). No case of graft-versus-host disease was observed. Six allografts (42.5%, three jejunal [50%] and three ileal [37.5%]) were rejected during the first 3 months (not statistically significant). Eight allografts (five ileal, three jejunal) were tolerated for up to 3 months and were removed. Two ileal and two jejunal allografts appeared grossly normal at surgical removal, but two ileal and one jejunal allografts exhibited signs of chronic rejection, and one ileal allograft showed advanced rejection. The jejunal and ileal allografts had similar clinical courses, as were revealed by immunologic reactions and functional parameters. We conclude that there is no major difference between jejunal allografts and ileal allografts in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Benchimol
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
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31
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Giudicelli J, Combes JC. [Pica and iron deficiency in adolescence]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1992; 49:779-83. [PMID: 1300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pica is a habit disorder involving the compulsive, irrational ingestion of nutrient or non-nutrient substances which usually, in young infants, include clay and earth. Pica is rare in adolescents but is more likely to occur in subjects with severe iron deficiency. POPULATION AND METHODS 17 (16 girls, 1 boy) cases of pica were recognized over a period of 4 years in an adolescent unit. 15 of the cases presented with anemia and/or iron deficiency. Hematological and biochemical investigations included measurements of hemoglobin content, MCV, serum iron and ferritin, transferrin saturation and serum iron-binding capacity. Blood loss was considered as a possible cause in all patients. RESULTS 13 of the patients ingested large amounts of raw rice and 11 ingested ice cubes; 10 patients ingested both substances. Their mean serum ferritin was 7.17 ng/ml and the mean hemoglobin was 8.7 g/dl. One out of 7 patients showed intestinal blood loss. Excessive menstrual bleeding occurred in 8 girls. All patients were treated with adequate amounts of iron. Pica disappeared within a few weeks, although biochemical evidence of iron deficiency persisted in some patients. In one case, pica persisted despite correction of the iron deficiency. CONCLUSION Pica is more prevalent in lower socio-economic classes and in some areas, such as the island of Reunion. It may be masked, and must be looked for in adolescents presenting with signs of iron deficiency. Treatment of the iron deficiency is usually followed by its disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giudicelli
- Service de Pédiatrie (Unité d'Adolescents), Centre Hospitalier Départemental Félix-Guyon, Saint-Denis
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32
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Giudicelli J, Cochat P, Colon S, Goddon R, Thouvenot D, Yahia H, Palcoux JB. [De novo extramembranous glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation: reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection?]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1992; 49:667-8. [PMID: 1335720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Lemaire P, Mathieu A, Giudicelli J, Lafaurie M. Effect of diet on the responses of hepatic biotransformation enzymes to benzo(a)pyrene in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90135-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Lemaire P, Mathieu A, Giudicelli J, Lafaurie M. Effect of Benzo(a)pyrene on Hepatic Biotransformation Activities: Time Course of Induction in Aquaculture European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Polycycl Aromat Compd 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639208048428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Drai P, Albertini-Berhaut J, Lafaurie M, Sudaka P, Giudicelli J. Simultaneous preparation of basolateral and brush-border membrane vesicles from sea bass intestinal epithelium. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1022:251-9. [PMID: 2156552 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(90)90271-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for simultaneous preparation of brush-border and basolateral sea bass enterocyte membranes using simple differential centrifugation and discontinuous sucrose gradient density centrifugation techniques. Basolateral membranes were purified with a Na+/K(+)-ATPase yield of about 11% of the original activity, with an enrichment factor of 12. The yield of maltase-glucoamylase, a specific marker of brush-border membranes, was also about 11% of the original activity, with 15-fold enrichment. The characteristics of these membrane preparations were determined. Electron microscopy analysis showed that these two membrane preparations were uniform in size and vesicular in nature. Orientation studies revealed that the luminal membrane vesicles were right-side out and 43% of the antiluminal membrane vesicles were sealed inside out. Investigation of D-glucose and L-leucine uptake showed that these two plasma membrane preparations retained their transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Drai
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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36
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Abstract
A procedure for the purification of neutral maltase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is described, involving solubilization with Triton X-100, proteolytic attack and three chromatographic steps: DEAE ion exchange, AcA 22 gel filtration and a second DEAE chromatography. The enzyme was obtained with a final specific activity of 30 units/mg of protein, comparable with that of other neutral maltases previously purified. The Mr of the enzyme was 550,000 as determined by gel filtration. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, under non-denaturing conditions, led to a major band of 500,000 and a minor one of 260,000, both active, suggesting a polymeric or aggregated form of the protein. The catalytic properties of the human granulocytic neutral maltase were investigated. The pH optimum was around 6. The enzyme exhibited a broad range of substrate specificity, hydrolysing di- and oligosaccharides with alpha (1----2), alpha (1----3) and alpha (1----4) glucosidic linkages. The highest activities were observed for alpha (1----4) glucose oligomers of three to five residues. It was also found to hydrolyse polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen. The results of the inhibition studies are interpreted in terms of the existence of a large site including several subsites. The enzyme properties are broadly similar to those observed for other purified neutral alpha-glucosidases, in particular that of human kidney origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Delqué Bayer
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospital Universitaire de Nice, France
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37
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Giudicelli J, Blanc JF, Arnaud MF, Pouillaude JM. [Multicystic renal dysplasia. Spontaneous remission of a hypertrophic form]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1989; 46:351-3. [PMID: 2764681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A case of spontaneous regression of the tumor type of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MDK) is reported. This case is consistent with recent data on the natural history of MDK. The classical therapeutic approach which involves surgery is discussed in the context of this case and of others with a similar course.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giudicelli
- Services de Pédiatrie et Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Lucien-Hussel, Lyon
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Jasmin
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, University of Nice, France
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39
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Starita-Geribaldi M, Giudicelli J, Sudaka P. Improved transfer of high molecular weight proteins using fabric-reinforced soft polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis 1988; 9:234-6. [PMID: 3234362 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150090509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid transfer of electrophoretically separated, high molecular weight proteins from fabric-reinforced, soft, low-concentration polyacrylamide gels (3.5%T, 2.6%C) is described. Polyester fabrics proved useful for gel reinforcement during vertical slab gel electrophoresis. The fabric-reinforced gel retains its dimension during transfer, equilibration and drying, facilitating comparison of protein bands in the separation gel and transfer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Starita-Geribaldi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine Chemin de Valombrose, Nice, France
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Boudouard M, Giudicelli J, Sudaka P. Purification of brush border membrane vesicles from horse kidney cortex using Percoll. Prep Biochem 1988; 18:1-15. [PMID: 2836845 DOI: 10.1080/00327488808062510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method for preparation of brush border membrane vesicles from a large amount of horse kidney cortex is described. Self-orienting Percoll-gradient centrifugation minimized contamination by microsomal membranes. The characteristics of this preparation were checked by electron microscopy and measurement of L-alanine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boudouard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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41
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Boudouard M, Giudicelli J, Vannier C, Sudaka P. Reconstitution of brush border membrane proteins in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Biochemical and functional characterization. Biochem J 1986; 235:111-6. [PMID: 3741373 PMCID: PMC1146656 DOI: 10.1042/bj2350111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Horse kidney brush border membrane proteins were incorporated into phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Structural analysis of proteoliposomes prepared with various lipid:protein ratios showed that: (a) only a few of the proteins present in the crude brush border extract are integrated, (b) all known membrane hydrolases are integrated, and (c) these proteoliposomes are homogeneous vesicles. Papain solubilization of brush border membrane hydrolases, i.e. aminopeptidase M, neutral alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, performed in parallel on native membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes, revealed similar kinetics. Analysis of membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes on sucrose density gradients either without any treatment, or after papain treatment showed that: (a) in proteoliposomes, neutral alpha-glucosidase is associated with radiolabelled phosphatidylcholine, and (b) papain-treated vesicles and proteoliposomes released enzyme activity in the same way. These results suggest that the integration mechanism of brush border membrane proteins may be similar in proteoliposomes and native membrane vesicles. Transport experiments under equilibrium exchange conditions showed that the uptake properties of proteoliposomes are similar to those of brush border membrane vesicles.
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Giudicelli J, Boudouard M, Delqué P, Vannier C, Sudaka P. Horse kidney neutral alpha-D-glucosidase: purification of the detergent-solubilized enzyme; comparison with the proteinase-solubilized forms. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985; 831:59-66. [PMID: 2412588 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutral alpha-D-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) from horse kidney brush-border membranes was solubilized using Emulphogene BC 720 and purified by an affinity chromatography technique. The enzyme preparation (390-fold purified), which was free of other known microvillus hydrolases, exhibited one precipitate line in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several criteria (charge-shift crossed immunoelectrophoresis and hydrophobic chromatography) revealed the purified detergent form of the enzyme to be an amphipathic molecule. The papain treatment of either brush-border membrane vesicles or the purified detergent form of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase released an enzymatic form devoid of these amphipathic properties. Conversely, after trypsin treatment of the "d' form of the enzyme, two enzymatic forms were obtained: the first and major form retained these amphipathic properties; the second form exhibiting the same properties as the papain-released form. Furthermore, only a very small amount of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase can be released after trypsin solubilization of brush-border membrane vesicles, and the released enzyme did not exhibit amphipathic properties. These results were interpreted as meaning that the trypsin attack site on the detergent form of the enzyme had either poor affinity for, or obstructed access to, the proteinase when the enzyme was integrated in native membrane or in Triton X-100 micelles, whereas the proteolytic site of the papain was always accessible.
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Philip PJ, Giudicelli J, Delqué P, Cassuto JP, Sudaka P, Ayraud N. Neutral maltase: the first human B-cell enzymatic marker reflecting terminal differentiation of mature B cells into plasma cells. Blood 1983; 62:505-8. [PMID: 6347275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral maltase activity (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase; EC: 3.2.1.20) was measured in B and T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal subjects and patients suffering from chronic or acute lymphoid leukemias. Neutral maltase activity is undetectable in T cells from normal subjects as well as in patients with chronic or acute T-lymphoid leukemias. Conversely, whereas this enzyme activity is always undetectable in chronic or acute B-lymphoid leukemia, neutral maltase activity is expressed in mature B cells from normal subjects. The detection of higher neutral maltase activity in plasma cells from myelomas than in normal B cells supports the concept that the expression of neutral maltase activity is related to the stages of differentiation and maturation reached by lymphocytes of the B-cell lineage. Neutral maltase therefore appears as the first B-cell enzymatic marker described that is expressed in the course of terminal differentiation of mature B cells into plasma cells.
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Giudicelli J, Philip PJ, Delque P, Ayraud N, Sudaka P. Distribution of neutral maltase activity in mononuclear cells from different human lymphoid organs. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 130:149-53. [PMID: 6347434 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutral maltase activity has been determined in purified monocytes, T and B lymphocytes from human peripheral blood and major lymphoid organs. In peripheral blood as in all lymphoid organs studied, neutral maltase activity was found to be significantly higher in monocytes than in B lymphocytes. Neutral maltase activity was never detected in T lymphocytes whatever the methods used for their purification. Furthermore, in each case studied, B lymphocyte fractions represented all the activities measured in unseparated lymphocytes. Neutral maltase thus appears to be the first enzymatic marker useful for the recognition and characterisation of B lymphocytes.
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Philip PJ, Giudicelli J, Delque P, Cassuto JP, Sudaka P, Ayraud N. Neutral maltase: a marker of cell differentiation in human myeloid leukaemias? Br J Haematol 1982; 52:641-4. [PMID: 6753914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb03940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Giudicelli J, Philip PJ, Delque P, Sudaka P. A single-step centrifugation method for separation of granulocytes and mononuclear cells from blood using discontinuous density gradient of Percoll. J Immunol Methods 1982; 54:43-6. [PMID: 6292307 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and reproducible method is described for the simultaneous purification of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, based on the use of a discontinuous gradient of Percoll. Centrifugation at 600 X gav for 20 min resulted in separation of the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells into 2 distinct bands at the interfaces. The upper layer contained the mononuclear cells and the lower band highly purified polymorphonuclear cells. Both populations were purified about 97% without detectable cell alteration.
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Giudicelli J, Philip P, Delque P, Ayraud N, Sudaka P. [Neutral maltase: enzymatic marker from human B lymphocytes]. C R Seances Acad Sci III 1981; 293:19-21. [PMID: 6796199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vannier C, Boudouard M, Giudicelli J, Starita-Geribaldi M, Sudaka P. Crossed-immunoelectrophoretic study on human renal brush border membrane vesicles. Biochimie 1981; 63:375-87. [PMID: 7236738 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(81)80010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The human kidney brush border membrane proteins were studied by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. An antiserum against membrane vesicles was raised in rabbits and used in establishing a reference immunoelectrophoregram with the antigens released by Triton X-100. Among the precipitates observed, the following hydrolases were identified by zymogram staining: Microvillus aminopeptidase (EC 3..4.11.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), maltase (EC3.2.1.20) and trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28). Depletion of the antiserum with sealed, right-side-out vesicles was performed. No precipitates could be seen when the Triton X-100 extract was electrophoresed in a gel containing the depleted antibody. It is therefore suggested that the precipitation of membrane components by the complete antibody is mainly due to externally-located determinants and that the precipitates of the reference pattern correspond to membrane components pointing, at least in part, towards the tubular lumen. Evidence was also noted for a differential removal of antibodies directed against the different antigens. Such an observation could not be explained by the antigen accessibility nor by its amount in the membrane. Parallel crossed-immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 and papain extracts gave rise to an "identity" pattern for only some antigens, particularly for microvillus aminopeptidase and maltase. It is thus strongly suggested that the papain-released form of these enzymes bears nearly all the antigenicity of the whole molecule.
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Giudicelli J, Emiliozzi R, Vannier C, de Burlet G, Sudaka P. Purification by affinity chromatography and characterization of a neutral alpha-glucosidase from horse kidney. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 612:85-96. [PMID: 6767500 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(80)90281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A horse kidney neutral alpha-D-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) was purified about 580-fold with a yield of 33% by an affinity chromatography technique using the p-aminophenyl-beta-D-maltoside, a substrate derivative, as ligand. The purified enzyme, homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 280 000 as calculated by gel filtration and its isoelectric focusing points was found to be pH 4.1. The purified enzyme was able to hydrolyze various substrates having (alpha-1,2), (alpha-1,3), (alpha-1,4), and (alpha-1,6) glucosidic linkages. The V/Km ratio shows that the (alpha-1,4) linkages are the best substrates. The pKm of the purified enzyme determined at different pH values indicated that two ionizable groups with pK values 5.2 and 6.9 could be essential in the active site. Enzyme modification with cardodiimide abolished the maltase activity. The turanose, a substrate analogue, protected the enzyme against this inactivation.
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Abstract
This is the first almost complete hydrobiological monograph of a water-course in a low altitude Mediterranean coastal drainage basin. Through knowledge of the hydrological and physicochemical peculiarities as well as an analysis of the biocoenoses, an ecological zonation of the river is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Giudicelli
- Laboratoire de Biologie Animale — Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme Marseille France
| | - Aref Dia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Animale — Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme Marseille France
| | - Pierre Legier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Animale — Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme Marseille France
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