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Lecoquierre F, Punt AM, Ebstein F, Wallaard I, Verhagen R, Studencka-Turski M, Duffourd Y, Moutton S, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Dean J, Tennant S, Brooks AS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Jurgens JA, Barry BJ, Chan WM, England EM, Martinez Ojeda M, Engle EC, Robson CD, Morrow M, Innes AM, Lamont R, Sanderson M, Krüger E, Thauvin C, Distel B, Faivre L, Elgersma Y, Vitobello A. A recurrent missense variant in the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition subunit FEM1B causes a rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2024; 26:101119. [PMID: 38465576 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fem1 homolog B (FEM1B) acts as a substrate recognition subunit for ubiquitin ligase complexes belonging to the CULLIN 2-based E3 family. Several biological functions have been proposed for FEM1B, including a structurally resolved function as a sensor for redox cell status by controlling mitochondrial activity, but its implication in human disease remains elusive. METHODS To understand the involvement of FEM1B in human disease, we made use of Matchmaker exchange platforms to identify individuals with de novo variants in FEM1B and performed their clinical evaluation. We performed functional validation using primary neuronal cultures and in utero electroporation assays, as well as experiments on patient's cells. RESULTS Five individuals with a recurrent de novo missense variant in FEM1B were identified: NM_015322.5:c.377G>A NP_056137.1:p.(Arg126Gln) (FEM1BR126Q). Affected individuals shared a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral phenotypes and a variable set of malformations, including brain anomalies, clubfeet, skeletal abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Overexpression of the FEM1BR126Q variant but not FEM1B wild-type protein, during mouse brain development, resulted in delayed neuronal migration of the target cells. In addition, the individuals' cells exhibited signs of oxidative stress and induction of type I interferon signaling. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate that p.(Arg126Gln) induces aberrant FEM1B activation, resulting in a gain-of-function mechanism associated with a severe syndromic developmental disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lecoquierre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, Rouen, France; UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - A Mattijs Punt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Ilse Wallaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Studencka-Turski
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frédédic Tran Mau-Them
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique, CHR Metz-Thionville, Hôpital Mercy, Metz, France
| | - John Dean
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Tennant
- NHS Grampian, Genetics & Molecular Pathology Laboratory Services, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julie A Jurgens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Eleina M England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - A Micheil Innes
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health and Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Lamont
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health and Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthea Sanderson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christel Thauvin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de référence maladies rares « Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ben Distel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Dai Z, Liang L, Wang W, Zuo P, Yu S, Liu Y, Zhao X, Lu Y, Jin Y, Zhang F, Ding D, Deng W, Yin Y. Structural insights into the ubiquitylation strategy of the oligomeric CRL2 FEM1B E3 ubiquitin ligase. EMBO J 2024; 43:1089-1109. [PMID: 38360992 PMCID: PMC10943247 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) family members play critical roles in numerous biological processes and diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Oligomerization of CRLs has been reported to be crucial for the regulation of their activities. However, the structural basis for its regulation and mechanism of its oligomerization are not fully known. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of oligomeric CRL2FEM1B in its unneddylated state, neddylated state in complex with BEX2 as well as neddylated state in complex with FNIP1/FLCN. These structures reveal that asymmetric dimerization of N8-CRL2FEM1B is critical for the ubiquitylation of BEX2 while FNIP1/FLCN is ubiquitylated by monomeric CRL2FEM1B. Our data present an example of the asymmetric homo-dimerization of CRL. Taken together, this study sheds light on the ubiquitylation strategy of oligomeric CRL2FEM1B according to substrates with different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Dai
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weize Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Zuo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shang Yu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yishuo Lu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fangting Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Dian Ding
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Silva ARR, Silva PV, Soares AR, González-Alcaraz MN, van Gestel CAM, Roelofs D, Moura G, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Daphnia magna Multigeneration Exposure to Carbendazim: Gene Transcription Responses. TOXICS 2023; 11:918. [PMID: 37999570 PMCID: PMC10674461 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The world population is experiencing colossal growth and thus demand for food, leading to an increase in the use of pesticides. Persistent pesticide contamination, such as carbendazim, remains a pressing environmental concern, with potentially long-term impacts on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, Daphnia magna was exposed to carbendazim (5 µg L-1) for 12 generations, with the aim of assessing gene transcription alterations induced by carbendazim (using a D. magna custom microarray). The results showed that carbendazim caused changes in genes involved in the response to stress, DNA replication/repair, neurotransmission, ATP production, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism at concentrations already found in the environment. These outcomes support the results of previous studies, in which carbendazim induced genotoxic effects and reproduction impairment (increasing the number of aborted eggs with the decreasing number of neonates produced). The exposure of daphnids to carbendazim did not cause a stable change in gene transcription between generations, with more genes being differentially expressed in the F0 generation than in the F12 generation. This could show some possible daphnid acclimation after 12 generations and is aligned with previous multigenerational studies where few ecotoxicological effects at the individual and populational levels and other subcellular level effects (e.g., biochemical biomarkers) were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita R. Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.V.S.); (A.M.V.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Patrícia V. Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.V.S.); (A.M.V.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Ana Raquel Soares
- Department of Medical Sciences & Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (G.M.)
| | - M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A., Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.M.v.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.M.v.G.); (D.R.)
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Moura
- Department of Medical Sciences & Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Amadeu M. V. M. Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.V.S.); (A.M.V.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.V.S.); (A.M.V.M.S.); (S.L.)
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Huang X, Geng S, Weng J, Lu Z, Zeng L, Li M, Deng C, Wu X, Li Y, Du X. Analysis of the expression of PHTF1 and related genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:93. [PMID: 26448723 PMCID: PMC4595316 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study showed that downregulated BCL11B expression in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line Molt-4 inhibited cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be related to PHTF1 gene overexpression. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of PHTF1 and related genes in ALL and further explore its function in T-ALL cell lines. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the gene expression level of PHTF1 in hematologic malignancies. The PHTF1, BCL11B, FEM1B and Apaf-1 gene expression levels and correlations were analyzed in patients with primary ALL (including T-ALL and B-ALL) and healthy individuals (HIs). Inhibition and overexpression of PHTF1 by lentiviral transduction were performed using the Molt-4 and Jurkat cell lines. Cell growth and apoptosis were measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Upon PHTF1 overexpression, the BCL11B, FEM1B and Apaf-1 gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Results PHTF1 overexpression was found in both T-ALL (p = 0.004) and B-ALL (p < 0.001) groups compared with HIs group. A trend toward a negative correlation between the PHTF1 and BCL11B genes was detected for the T-ALL group, while positively correlated expression was found for the PHTF1 and BCL11B genes in HIs (P = 0.001). FEM1b and Apaf-1 overexpression was found in recently diagnosed ALL patients compared with HIs (p < 0.05). Positively correlated expression was found for the PHTF1, FEM1b and Apaf-1 genes in patients with ALL (p < 0.05) and HIs (p < 0.05). Direct up-regulation of PHTF1 expression inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat and Molt-4 cells and effectively induced apoptosis in Molt-4 cells. Direct inhibition of PHTF1 expression had no significant effect on the proliferation or apoptosis of Jurkat and Molt-4 cells. FEM1b and Apaf-1 overexpression, which did not obviously alter the BCL11B expression level, was detected in PHTF1-transduced T-ALL cell lines. Conclusions PHTF1 overexpression is responsible for regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in T-ALL cell lines. PHTF1 may be a tumor-suppressor like gene and a therapeutic target for triggering the PHTF1-FEM1b-Apaf-1 apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zesheng Lu
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingji Zeng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minming Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Deng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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de Bekker C, Ohm RA, Loreto RG, Sebastian A, Albert I, Merrow M, Brachmann A, Hughes DP. Gene expression during zombie ant biting behavior reflects the complexity underlying fungal parasitic behavioral manipulation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:620. [PMID: 26285697 PMCID: PMC4545319 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive manipulation of animal behavior by parasites functions to increase parasite transmission through changes in host behavior. These changes can range from slight alterations in existing behaviors of the host to the establishment of wholly novel behaviors. The biting behavior observed in Carpenter ants infected by the specialized fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis s.l. is an example of the latter. Though parasitic manipulation of host behavior is generally assumed to be due to the parasite's gene expression, few studies have set out to test this. RESULTS We experimentally infected Carpenter ants to collect tissue from both parasite and host during the time period when manipulated biting behavior is experienced. Upon observation of synchronized biting, samples were collected and subjected to mixed RNA-Seq analysis. We also sequenced and annotated the O. unilateralis s.l. genome as a reference for the fungal sequencing reads. CONCLUSIONS Our mixed transcriptomics approach, together with a comparative genomics study, shows that the majority of the fungal genes that are up-regulated during manipulated biting behavior are unique to the O. unilateralis s.l. genome. This study furthermore reveals that the fungal parasite might be regulating immune- and neuronal stress responses in the host during manipulated biting, as well as impairing its chemosensory communication and causing apoptosis. Moreover, we found genes up-regulated during manipulation that putatively encode for proteins with reported effects on behavioral outputs, proteins involved in various neuropathologies and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa de Bekker
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 31, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Robin A Ohm
- Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel G Loreto
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 31, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- Faculty of Biology, Section Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - David P Hughes
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA.
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Blasche S, Arens S, Ceol A, Siszler G, Schmidt MA, Häuser R, Schwarz F, Wuchty S, Aloy P, Uetz P, Stradal T, Koegl M. The EHEC-host interactome reveals novel targets for the translocated intimin receptor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7531. [PMID: 25519916 PMCID: PMC4269881 DOI: 10.1038/srep07531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) manipulate their human host through at least 39 effector proteins which hijack host processes through direct protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To identify their protein targets in the host cells, we performed yeast two-hybrid screens, allowing us to find 48 high-confidence protein-protein interactions between 15 EHEC effectors and 47 human host proteins. In comparison to other bacteria and viruses we found that EHEC effectors bind more frequently to hub proteins as well as to proteins that participate in a higher number of protein complexes. The data set includes six new interactions that involve the translocated intimin receptor (TIR), namely HPCAL1, HPCAL4, NCALD, ARRB1, PDE6D, and STK16. We compared these TIR interactions in EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and found that five interactions were conserved. Notably, the conserved interactions included those of serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK16), hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) as well as neurocalcin-delta (NCALD). These proteins co-localize with the infection sites of EPEC. Furthermore, our results suggest putative functions of poorly characterized effectors (EspJ, EspY1). In particular, we observed that EspJ is connected to the microtubule system while EspY1 appears to be involved in apoptosis/cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blasche
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Arens
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, D-48149 Münster
| | - Arnaud Ceol
- 1] Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain [2] Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan - Italy
| | - Gabriella Siszler
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster
| | - Roman Häuser
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- 1] Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA [2] Center for Computational Science, Univ. of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Patrick Aloy
- 1] Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain [2] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Uetz
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Theresia Stradal
- 1] Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, D-48149 Münster [2] Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig
| | - Manfred Koegl
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Gilder AS, Chen YB, Jackson RJ, Jiang J, Maher JF. Fem1b promotes ubiquitylation and suppresses transcriptional activity of Gli1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:431-6. [PMID: 24076122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Fem1b gene encodes a homolog of FEM-1, a protein in the sex-determination pathway of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Fem1b and FEM-1 proteins each contain a VHL-box motif that mediates their interaction with certain E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. In C. elegans, FEM-1 negatively regulates the transcription factor TRA-1, and functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition subunit to target TRA-1 for ubiquitylation. TRA-1 is homologous to the mammalian Gli1 protein, a transcription factor that mediates Hedgehog signaling as well as having Hedgehog-independent functions. Whether the interaction between nematode FEM-1 and TRA-1 proteins is conserved, between corresponding mammalian homologs, has not been reported. Herein, we show that Fem1b interacts with Gli1 within cells, and directly binds Gli1. Fem1b also promotes ubiquitylation of Gli1, suppresses transcriptional activation by Gli1, and attenuates an oncogenic Gli1 autoregulatory loop in cancer cells, all dependent on the VHL-box of Fem1b. These findings have implications for understanding the cellular functions of Fem1b, and the regulation of Gli1 oncoprotein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Gilder
- Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
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8
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Global transcriptomic analysis of human neuroblastoma cells in response to enterovirus type 71 infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65948. [PMID: 23861741 PMCID: PMC3702535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and has been associated with severe neurological disease and even death in infants and young children. The pathogenesis of EV71 infection in the human central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, human whole genome microarray was employed to perform transcriptome profiling in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells infected with EV71. The results indicated that EV71 infection lead to altered expression of 161 human mRNAs, including 74 up-regulated genes and 87 down-regulated genes. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the possible roles of the differentially regulated mRNAs in selected pathways, including cell cycle/proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine/chemokine responses. Finally, the microarray results were validated using real-time RT-PCR with high identity. Overall, our results provided fundamental information regarding the host response to EV71 infection in human neuroblastoma cells, and this finding will help explain the pathogenesis of EV71 infection and virus-host interaction.
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9
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Shi YQ, Liao SY, Zhuang XJ, Han CS. Mouse Fem1b interacts with and induces ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Ankrd37. Gene 2011; 485:153-9. [PMID: 21723927 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat domain 37 (Ankrd37), a protein containing ankyrin repeats (ARs) and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), is highly conserved from zebrafish to humans. In mouse testes, Ankrd37 protein was initially present in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids, and finally restricted to the nuclei of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis. Ankrd37 bound to feminization 1 homolog b (Fem1b) as indicated by yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Ankrd37 facilitated the transport of Fem1b protein from cytoplasm to nuclei in co-transfected CHO cells. In addition, the protein level of Ankrd37 was decreased in a Fem1b dose-dependent manner as shown by the transfection experiments, and Ankrd37 was ubiquitinated in the presence of Fem1b. As the nematode Fem-1 has been shown to target its downstream effector TRA-1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, we report in the present study that mouse Fem1b targets Ankrd37 for degradation in the same manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
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10
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Yan DM, Liu YP, Dai RY, Duan CY, Chen SK. Proteomic profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress induced with dithiothreitol. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1331-1335. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i13.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore new therapy targets for human hepatocellular carcinoma by proteomic profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress.
METHODS: Cultured SMMC-7721 cells were divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. The experimental group was treated with dithiothreitol (DTT, 2.5 mmol/L), while the control group was treated with equal volume of culture medium. After treatment, total cell proteins were prepared and resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The two-dimensional electrophoresis maps for the two groups of cells were analyzed using ImageMaster 2D Platinum software. Proteins that showed obvious expression alteration in the experimental group were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).
RESULTS: There were 844 ± 46 protein spots in the 2-DE map for the experimental group and 1 015 ± 63 protein spots for the control group. There were 593 ± 23 pairs of matched protein spots between the two groups, and the matching rate was about 71%. Most of the proteins have an isoelectric point at pH5.2-6.5 and a molecular weight of 15 000-80 000 Da. Three protein spots showed 2-fold or greater differential expression between the two groups and were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. They were protein fem-1 homolog B, cyclin A1, and proliferation-inducing protein 44.
CONCLUSION: Three differentially expressed proteins in SMMC-7721 cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress were identified and may be useful molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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11
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Subauste MC, Sansom OJ, Porecha N, Raich N, Du L, Maher JF. Fem1b, a proapoptotic protein, mediates proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:105-13. [PMID: 19908242 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of colon cancer, the development of resistance to apoptosis is a major factor in resistance to therapy. New molecular approaches to overcome apoptosis resistance, such as selectively upregulating proapoptotic proteins, are needed in colon cancer therapy. In a mouse model with inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) tumor suppressor gene, reflecting the pathogenesis of most human colon cancers, the gene encoding feminization-1 homolog b (Fem1b) is upregulated in intestinal epithelium following Apc inactivation. Fem1b is a proapoptotic protein that interacts with apoptosis-inducing proteins Fas, tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1), and apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). Increasing Fem1b expression induces apoptosis of cancer cells, but effects on colon cancer cells have not been reported. Fem1b is a homolog of feminization-1 (FEM-1), a protein in Caenorhabditis elegans that is regulated by proteasomal degradation, but whether Fem1b is likewise regulated by proteasomal degradation is unknown. Herein, we found that Fem1b protein is expressed in primary human colon cancer specimens, and in malignant SW620, HCT-116, and DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Increasing Fem1b expression, by transfection of a Fem1b expression construct, induced apoptosis of these cells. We found that proteasome inhibitor treatment of SW620, HCT-116, and DLD-1 cells caused upregulation of Fem1b protein levels, associated with induction of apoptosis. Blockade of Fem1b upregulation with morpholino antisense oligonucleotide suppressed the proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis of these cells. In conclusion, the proapoptotic protein Fem1b is downregulated by the proteasome in malignant colon cancer cells and mediates proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis of these cells. Therefore, Fem1b could represent a novel molecular target to overcome apoptosis resistance in therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecilia Subauste
- McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8591, USA
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12
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Yamada H, Uenishi R, Suzuki K, Koizumi S. Cadmium-induced alterations of gene expression in human cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:61-69. [PMID: 21783983 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have reported the changes in gene expression in human HeLa cells exposed to a low concentration (5μM) of Cd. In the present study, cells exposed to a higher concentration of Cd were analyzed using a DNA microarray with 9182 human cDNA probes, in an attempt to obtain a comprehensive view on the biological effects of Cd. After a 6h exposure to 50μM Cd, 48 genes were up-regulated 2.5-fold or greater and 14 genes were down-regulated to 40% or less. Marked up-regulation of genes coding for metallothioneins, anti-oxidant proteins, and heat shock proteins was observed. Cd appeared to repress cell proliferation by modulating genes involved in multiple pathways. Cd also affected a number of genes related to apoptosis. Interestingly, it appeared that a series of genes were regulated to accelerate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, while others were directed to suppress the extrinsic pathway. Of these, rapid and transient induction of the TR3 gene was noted as a possible key process in Cd-induced apoptosis. Effects on several genes that may reflect mechanistic backgrounds of Cd toxicity were also observed. The present study disclosed a complex pleiotypic response of human cells to Cd, which was composed of a variety of changes in gene expression directed to defense, growth arrest, recovery from damage, apoptosis and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Yamada
- Human Engineering and Risk Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
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13
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Sun TP, Shieh SY. Human FEM1B is required for Rad9 recruitment and CHK1 activation in response to replication stress. Oncogene 2009; 28:1971-81. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Wang X, Desai N, Hu YP, Price SM, Abate-Shen C, Shen MM. Mouse Fem1b interacts with the Nkx3.1 homeoprotein and is required for proper male secondary sexual development. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:2963-72. [PMID: 18816836 PMCID: PMC2779857 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of epithelial cell growth and differentiation in the prostate gland have identified the homeodomain protein Nkx3.1 as a central regulator of prostate development and carcinogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms of Nkx3.1 function, we have used yeast two-hybrid analysis to identify Nkx3.1 interacting proteins, and have isolated Fem1b, a mammalian homolog of the C. elegans sex-determining gene Fem-1. In mice, the Fem1b and Nkx3.1 genes encode proteins that interact in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays, and are co-expressed in the prostate and testis of neonatal mice. Null mutants for Fem1b generated by gene targeting display defects in prostate ductal morphogenesis and secretory protein expression, similar to phenotypes found in Nkx3.1 mutants. We propose that Fem1b may have a conserved role in the generation of sexual dimorphism through its interaction with Nkx3.1 in the developing prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics & Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nishita Desai
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ya-Ping Hu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Sandy M. Price
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael M. Shen
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics & Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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15
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Goodarzi MO, Maher JF, Cui J, Guo X, Taylor KD, Azziz R. FEM1A and FEM1B: novel candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2842-9. [PMID: 18757445 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human homologs (FEM1A, FEM1B, FEM1C) of nematode sex determination genes are candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We previously identified a FEM1A mutation (H500Y) in a woman with PCOS; FEM1B has been implicated in insulin secretion. METHODS Women with and without PCOS (287 cases, 187 controls) were genotyped for H500Y and six FEM1A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), five FEM1B SNPs and five FEM1C SNPs. SNPs and haplotypes were determined and tested for association with PCOS and component phenotypes. RESULTS No subject carried the FEM1A H500Y mutation. FEM1A SNPs rs8111933 (P = 0.001) and rs12460989 (P = 0.046) were associated with an increased likelihood of PCOS whereas FEM1A SNP rs1044386 was associated with a reduced probability of PCOS (P = 0.013). FEM1B SNP rs10152450 and a linked SNP were associated with a reduced likelihood of PCOS (P = 0.005), and lower homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for beta-cell function (HOMA-%B, P = 0.011) and lower HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, P = 0.018). FEM1B SNP rs12909277 was associated with lower HOMA-%B (P = 0.008) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.037). Haplotype associations were consistent with SNP results, and also revealed association of FEM1B haplotype TGAGG with increased HOMA-%B (P = 0.007) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.024). FEM1C variants were not associated with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence suggesting a role for FEM1A and FEM1B in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Only FEM1B variants were associated with insulin-related traits in PCOS women, consistent with prior evidence linking this gene to insulin secretion. Replication of these associations and mechanistic studies will be necessary to establish the role of these genes in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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16
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Wong HL, Liebler DC. Mitochondrial protein targets of thiol-reactive electrophiles. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:796-804. [PMID: 18324786 DOI: 10.1021/tx700433m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis or programmed cell death. Recent studies have demonstrated that reactive electrophiles induce mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. We hypothesize that covalent modification of specific mitochondrial proteins by reactive electrophiles serves as a trigger leading to the initiation of apoptosis. In this study, we identified protein targets of the model biotin-tagged electrophile probes N-iodoacetyl- N-biotinylhexylene-diamine (IAB) and 1-biotinamido-4-(4'-[maleimidoethylcyclohexane]carboxamido)butane (BMCC) in HEK293 cell mitochondrial fractions by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). These electrophiles reproducibly adducted a total of 1693 cysteine residues that mapped to 809 proteins. Protein modifications were selective in that only 438 cysteine sites in 1255 cysteinyl peptide adducts (35%) and 362 of the 809 identified protein targets (45%) were adducted by both electrophiles. Of these, approximately one-third were annotated to the mitochondria following protein database analysis. IAB initiated apoptotic events including cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage, whereas BMCC did not. Of the identified targets of IAB and BMCC, 44 were apoptosis-related proteins, and adduction site specificity on these targets differed between the two probes. Differences in sites of modification between these two electrophiles may reveal alkylation sites whose modification triggers apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen L Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, U1213C Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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17
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Zhang YH, Bhunia A, Wan KF, Lee MC, Chan SL, Yu VCK, Mok YK. Chelerythrine and Sanguinarine Dock at Distinct Sites on BclXL that are Not the Classic BH3 Binding Cleft. J Mol Biol 2006; 364:536-49. [PMID: 17011577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of the levels of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family is thought to be an important regulatory factor for determining the sensitivity of the mammalian cells to apoptotic stimuli. High levels of expression of pro-survival members such as Bcl(XL) in human cancers were frequently found to be a good prognostic indicator predicting poor response to chemotherapy. The pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family mediate their effects through heterodimerization with the BH3 region of the pro-apoptotic members. Structural analyses of the binding complex of the BH3 peptide and Bcl(XL) showed that a hydrophobic groove termed the BH3 binding cleft is the docking site for the BH3 region. Chemical mimetics of the BH3 region such as BH3I-1 that target the BH3 binding cleft indeed exhibit pro-apoptotic activities. Chelerythrine (CHE) and sanguinarine (SAN) are natural benzophenanthridine alkaloids that are structurally homologous to each other. CHE was previously identified as an inhibitor of Bcl(XL) function from a high-throughput screen of natural products, but its mode of interaction with Bcl(XL) is not known. By determining the effect of site-directed mutagenesis on ligand binding and using saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments, we have verified locations of these docked ligands. Surprisingly, CHE and SAN bind separately at the BH groove and BH1 region of Bcl(XL) respectively, different from the BH3 binding cleft where other known inhibitors of Bcl(XL) target. Interestingly, certain residues on the flexible loop between helices alpha1 and alpha2 of Bcl(XL) are also perturbed upon CHE, but not SAN or BH3I-1 binding. Although CHE and SAN are similarly effective as BH3I-1 in displacing bound BH3 peptide, they are much more effective in inducing apoptosis, raising the possibility that CHE and SAN might be able to antagonize other pro-survival mechanisms in addition to the one that involves BH3 region binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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18
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Rubenstein JL, Fridlyand J, Shen A, Aldape K, Ginzinger D, Batchelor T, Treseler P, Berger M, McDermott M, Prados M, Karch J, Okada C, Hyun W, Parikh S, Haqq C, Shuman M. Gene expression and angiotropism in primary CNS lymphoma. Blood 2006; 107:3716-23. [PMID: 16418334 PMCID: PMC1895776 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS lymphoma is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma whose growth is restricted to the central nervous system. We used cDNA microarray analysis to compare the gene expression signature of primary CNS lymphomas with nodal large B-cell lymphomas. Here, we show that while individual cases of primary CNS lymphomas may be classified as germinal center B-cell, activated B-cell, or type 3 large B-cell lymphoma, brain lymphomas are distinguished from nodal large B-cell lymphomas by high expression of regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway, by the oncogenes c-Myc and Pim-1, and by distinct regulators of apoptosis. We demonstrate that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is expressed by tumor vasculature as well as by tumor cells in CNS lymphomas. We also identify high expression in CNS lymphomas of several IL-4-induced genes, including X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), a regulator of the UPR. In addition, we demonstrate expression of the activated form of STAT6, a mediator of IL-4 signaling, by tumor cells and tumor endothelia in CNS lymphomas. High expression of activated STAT6 in tumors was associated with short survival in an independent set of patients with primary CNS lymphoma who were treated with high-dose intravenous methotrexate therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/blood supply
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/classification
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/classification
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors
- X-Box Binding Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Rubenstein
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Hematology/Oncology M1282 Box 1270, 94143, USA.
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19
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Lu D, Ventura-Holman T, Li J, McMurray RW, Subauste JS, Maher JF. Abnormal glucose homeostasis and pancreatic islet function in mice with inactivation of the Fem1b gene. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:6570-7. [PMID: 16024793 PMCID: PMC1190348 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.15.6570-6577.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose homeostasis involving complex gene and environmental interactions that are incompletely understood. Mammalian homologs of nematode sex determination genes have recently been implicated in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These are the Hedgehog receptor Patched and Calpain-10, which have homology to the nematode tra-2 and tra-3 sex determination genes, respectively. Here, we have developed Fem1b knockout (Fem1b-KO) mice, with targeted inactivation of Fem1b, a homolog of the nematode fem-1 sex determination gene. We show that the Fem1b-KO mice display abnormal glucose tolerance and that this is due predominantly to defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Arginine-stimulated insulin secretion is also affected. The Fem1b gene is expressed in pancreatic islets, within both beta cells and non-beta cells, and is highly expressed in INS-1E cells, a pancreatic beta-cell line. In conclusion, these data implicate Fem1b in pancreatic islet function and insulin secretion, strengthening evidence that a genetic pathway homologous to nematode sex determination may be involved in glucose homeostasis and suggesting novel genes and processes as potential candidates in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Lu
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Research Svc. (151), 1500 E. Woodrow Wilson Blvd., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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20
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Oyhenart J, Benichou S, Raich N. Putative Homeodomain Transcription Factor 1 Interacts with the Feminization Factor Homolog Fem1b in Male Germ Cells1. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:780-7. [PMID: 15601915 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.035964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phtf1 gene encodes a membrane protein abundantly expressed in male germinal cells. Using a two-hybrid screening procedure we have identified FEM1B, an ortholog of the C. elegans feminization factor 1 (FEM-1), as a binding partner for PHTF1. We studied FEM1B expression in the rodent testis and found that Fem1b mRNA is present at high levels during meiosis and after, during spermiogenesis, in a similar manner to Phtf1 mRNA. Accordingly, Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed the presence of PHTF1 and FEM1B in the same cell types, and by coimmunoprecipitation we demonstrated the association between these proteins. We characterized some aspects of this interaction and showed that the ANK domain of FEM1B is necessary for the interaction with the amino extremity of PHTF1. Next, we found that FEM1B can bind several intracellular organelles and demonstrated that PHTF1 would recruit FEM1B to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Previous in vitro experiments had suggested that the human FEM1B was involved in apoptosis. After comparing expression profiles of FEM1B and PHTF1 with apoptotic events occurring in the normal seminiferous tubules, we suggest that neither FEM1B nor PHTF1 are directly implicated in apoptosis in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oyhenart
- INSERM U.567 CNRS-UMR 8104, Département d'Hématologie, Maternité de Port-Royal
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21
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Zhou YT, Guy GR, Low BC. BNIP-2 induces cell elongation and membrane protrusions by interacting with Cdc42 via a unique Cdc42-binding motif within its BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP homology domain. Exp Cell Res 2005; 303:263-74. [PMID: 15652341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Revised: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Cdc42 small GTPase regulates cytoskeletal reorganization and cell morphological changes that result in cellular extensions, migration, or cytokinesis. We previously showed that BNIP-2 interacted with Cdc42 and its cognate inactivator, p50RhoGAP/Cdc42GAP via its BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP homology (BCH) domain, but its cellular and physiological roles still remain unclear. We report here that following transient expression of BNIP-2 in various cells, the expressed protein was located in irregular spots throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated at the leading edge of cellular extensions. The induced cell elongation and membrane protrusions required an intact BCH domain and were variously inhibited by coexpression of dominant negative mutants of Cdc42 (completely inhibited), Rac1 (partially inhibited), and RhoA (least inhibited). Presence of the Cdc42/Rac1 interactive binding (CRIB) motif alone as the dominant negative mutant of p21-activated kinase also inhibited the BNIP-2 effect. Bioinformatic analyses together with progressive deletional mutagenesis and binding studies revealed that a distal part of the BNIP-2 BCH domain contained a sequence with low homology to CRIB motif. However, in contrary to most effectors, BNIP-2 binding to Cdc42 was mediated exclusively via the unique sequence motif 285VPMEYVGI292. Cells expressing the BNIP-2 mutants devoid of this motif or/and the 34-amino acids immediately upstream to this sequence failed to elicit cell elongation and membrane protrusions despite that the protein still remained in the cytoplasm and interacted with Cdc42GAP. Evidence is presented where BNIP-2 in vivo induces cell dynamics by recruiting Cdc42 via its BCH domain, thus providing a novel mechanism for regulating Cdc42 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ting Zhou
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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22
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Schlamp CL, Thliveris AT, Li Y, Kohl LP, Knop C, Dietz JA, Larsen IV, Imesch P, Pinto LH, Nickells RW. Insertion of the beta Geo promoter trap into the Fem1c gene of ROSA3 mice. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:3794-803. [PMID: 15082774 PMCID: PMC387761 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.9.3794-3803.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ROSA3 mice were developed by retroviral insertion of the beta Geo gene trap vector. Adult ROSA3 mice exhibit widespread expression of the trap gene in epithelial cells found in most organs. In the central nervous system the highest expression of beta Geo is found in CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and ganglion cells of the retina. Characterization of the genomic insertion site for beta Geo in ROSA3 mice shows that the trap vector is located in the first intron of Fem1c, a gene homologous to the sex-determining gene fem-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans. Transcription of the Rosa3 allele (R3) yields a spliced message that includes the first exon of Fem1c and the beta Geo coding region. Although normal processing of the Fem1c transcript is disrupted in homozygous Rosa3 (Fem1c(R3/R3)) mice, some tissues show low levels of a partially processed transcript containing exons 2 and 3. Since the entire coding region of Fem1c is located in these two exons, Fem1c(R3/R3) mice may still be able to express a putative FEM1C protein. To this extent, Fem1c(R3/R3) mice show no adverse effects in their sexual development or fertility or in the attenuation of neuronal cell death, another function that has been attributed to both fem-1 and a second mouse homolog, Fem1b. Examination of beta Geo expression in ganglion cells after exposure to damaging stimuli indicates that protein levels are rapidly depleted prior to cell death, making the beta Geo reporter gene a potentially useful marker to study early molecular events in damaged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, USA
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23
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Ventura-Holman T, Lu D, Si X, Izevbigie EB, Maher JF. The Fem1c genes: conserved members of the Fem1 gene family in vertebrates. Gene 2003; 314:133-9. [PMID: 14527725 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fem-1 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans functions in a signaling pathway that controls sex determination. Homologs of fem-1 in mammals have been characterized, consisting of two family members, Fem1a and Fem1b. We report here on Fem1c, a third member of the Fem1 gene family, in three vertebrate species: human, mouse, and zebrafish. The proteins encoded by these Fem1c genes share >99% amino acid identity between human and mouse, 79% amino acid identity between mouse and zebrafish, and end with a C-terminal Arginine residue, which distinguishes them from other FEM-1 proteins reported thus far. The human and mouse Fem1c coding regions show conservation of intron-exon structure and expression pattern in adult tissues. Human FEM1C maps to 5q22, mouse Fem1c maps to chromosome 18, and zebrafish fem1c maps to Linkage Group 8. The Fem1c genes in vertebrates may play a conserved role in the development and/or physiologic function of these organisms.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- Introns
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
- Vertebrates/genetics
- Zebrafish/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Ventura-Holman
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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24
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Chan SL, Lee MC, Tan KO, Yang LK, Lee ASY, Flotow H, Fu NY, Butler MS, Soejarto DD, Buss AD, Yu VC. Identification of chelerythrine as an inhibitor of BclXL function. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:20453-6. [PMID: 12702731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300138200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of small molecule inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members has opened up new therapeutic opportunities, while the vast diversity of chemical structures and biological activities of natural products are yet to be systematically exploited. Here we report the identification of chelerythrine as an inhibitor of BclXL-Bak Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain binding through a high throughput screening of 107,423 extracts derived from natural products. Chelerythrine inhibited the BclXL-Bak BH3 peptide binding with IC50 of 1.5 micro m and displaced Bax, a BH3-containing protein, from BclXL. Mammalian cells treated with chelerythrine underwent apoptosis with characteristic features that suggest involvement of the mitochondrial pathway. While staurosporine, H7, etoposide, and chelerythrine released cytochrome c from mitochondria in intact cells, only chelerythrine released cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. Furthermore BclXL-overexpressing cells that were completely resistant to apoptotic stimuli used in this study remained sensitive to chelerythrine. Although chelerythrine is widely known as a protein kinase C inhibitor, the mechanism by which it mediates apoptosis remain controversial. Our data suggest that chelerythrine triggers apoptosis through a mechanism that involves direct targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Leng Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Fischer U, Jänicke RU, Schulze-Osthoff K. Many cuts to ruin: a comprehensive update of caspase substrates. Cell Death Differ 2003; 10:76-100. [PMID: 12655297 PMCID: PMC7091709 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is executed by the caspase-mediated cleavage of various vital proteins. Elucidating the consequences of this endoproteolytic cleavage is crucial for our understanding of cell death and other biological processes. Many caspase substrates are just cleaved as bystanders, because they happen to contain a caspase cleavage site in their sequence. Several targets, however, have a discrete function in propagation of the cell death process. Many structural and regulatory proteins are inactivated by caspases, while other substrates can be activated. In most cases, the consequences of this gain-of-function are poorly understood. Caspase substrates can regulate the key morphological changes in apoptosis. Several caspase substrates also act as transducers and amplifiers that determine the apoptotic threshold and cell fate. This review summarizes the known caspase substrates comprising a bewildering list of more than 280 different proteins. We highlight some recent aspects inferred by the cleavage of certain proteins in apoptosis. We also discuss emerging themes of caspase cleavage in other forms of cell death and, in particular, in apparently unrelated processes, such as cell cycle regulation and cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R U Jänicke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Tan KM, Chan SL, Tan KO, Yu VC. The Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determining protein FEM-2 and its human homologue, hFEM-2, are Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatases that promote apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44193-202. [PMID: 11559703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105880200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, fem-1, fem-2, and fem-3 play pivotal roles in sex determination. Recently, a mammalian homologue of the C. elegans sex-determining protein FEM-1, F1Aalpha, has been described. Although there is little evidence to link F1Aalpha to sex determination, F1Aalpha and FEM-1 both promote apoptosis in mammalian cells. Here we report the identification and characterization of a human homologue of the C. elegans sex-determining protein FEM-2, hFEM-2. Similar to FEM-2, hFEM-2 exhibited PP2C phosphatase activity and associated with FEM-3. hFEM-2 shows striking similarity (79% amino acid identity) to rat Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (rCaMKPase). hFEM-2 and FEM-2, but not PP2Calpha, were demonstrated to dephosphorylate CaM kinase II efficiently in vitro, suggesting that hFEM-2 and FEM-2 are specific phosphatases for CaM kinase. Furthermore, hFEM-2 and FEM-2 associated with F1Aalpha and FEM-1 respectively. Overexpression of hFEM-2, FEM-2, or rCaMKPase all mediated apoptosis in mammalian cells. The catalytically active, but not the inactive, forms of hFEM-2 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was blocked by Bcl-XL or a dominant negative mutant of caspase-9. Taken together, our data suggest that hFEM-2 and rCaMKPase are mammalian homologues of FEM-2 and they are evolutionarily conserved CaM kinase phosphatases that may have a role in apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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27
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Tan KO, Tan KM, Chan SL, Yee KS, Bevort M, Ang KC, Yu VC. MAP-1, a novel proapoptotic protein containing a BH3-like motif that associates with Bax through its Bcl-2 homology domains. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:2802-7. [PMID: 11060313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008955200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Bax-associating protein, named MAP-1 (Modulator of Apoptosis), has been identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. MAP-1 contains a BH3-like (BH: Bcl-2 homology) motif and mediates caspase-dependent apoptosis in mammalian cells when overexpressed. MAP-1 homodimerizes and associates with the proapoptotic Bax and the prosurvival Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) of the Bcl-2 family in vitro and in vivo in mammalian cells. Mutagenesis analyses revealed that the BH3-like domain in MAP-1 is not required for its association with Bcl-X(L) but is required for association with Bax and for mediating apoptosis. Interestingly, in contrast to other Bax-associating proteins such as Bcl-X(L) and Bid, which require the BH3 and BH1 domains of Bax, respectively, for binding, the binding of MAP-1 to Bax appears to require all three BH domains (BH1, BH2, and BH3) of Bax, because point mutation of the critical amino acid in any one of these domains is sufficient to abolish its binding to MAP-1. These data suggest that MAP-1 mediates apoptosis through a mechanism that involves binding to Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Dr., Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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28
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Schröder HC, Krasko A, Batel R, Skorokhod A, Pahler S, Kruse M, Müller IM, Müller WE. Stimulation of protein (collagen) synthesis in sponge cells by a cardiac myotrophin-related molecule from Suberites domuncula. FASEB J 2000; 14:2022-31. [PMID: 11023986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0043com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The body wall of sponges (Porifera), the lowest metazoan phylum, is formed by two epithelial cell layers of exopinacocytes and endopinacocytes, both of which are associated with collagen fibrils. Here we show that a myotrophin-like polypeptide from the sponge Suberites domuncula causes the expression of collagen in cells from the same sponge in vitro. The cDNA of the sponge myotrophin was isolated; the potential open reading frame of 360 nt encodes a 120 aa long protein (Mr of 12,837). The sequence SUBDOMYOL shares high similarity with the known metazoan myotrophin sequences. The expression of SUBDOMYOL is low in single cells but high after formation of primmorph aggregates as well as in intact animals. Recombinant myotrophin was found to stimulate protein synthesis by fivefold, as analyzed by incorporation studies using [3H] lysine. In addition, it is shown that after incubation of single cells with myotrophin, the primmorphs show an unusual elongated, oval-shaped appearance. It is demonstrated that in the presence of recombinant myotrophin, the cells up-regulate the expression of the collagen gene. The cDNA for S. domuncula collagen was isolated; the deduced aa sequence shows that the collagenous internal domain is rather short, with only 24 G-x-y collagen triplets. We conclude that the sponge myotrophin causes in homologous cells the same/similar effect as the cardiac myotrophin in mammalian cells, where it is involved in initiation of cardial ventricular hypertrophy. We assume that an understanding of sponge molecular cell biology will also contribute to a further elucidation of human diseases, here of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Schröder
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Wajant H, Haas E, Schwenzer R, Muhlenbeck F, Kreuz S, Schubert G, Grell M, Smith C, Scheurich P. Inhibition of death receptor-mediated gene induction by a cycloheximide-sensitive factor occurs at the level of or upstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD). J Biol Chem 2000; 275:24357-66. [PMID: 10823821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000811200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In HeLa cells, induction of apoptosis and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation initiated by TRAIL/Apo2L or the agonistic Apo1/Fas-specific monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1 require the presence of cycloheximide (CHX). Inhibition of caspases prevented TRAIL/anti-APO-1-induced apoptosis, but not NF-kappaB activation, indicating that both pathways bifurcate upstream of the receptor-proximal caspase-8. Under these conditions, TRAIL and anti-APO-1 up-regulated the expression of the known NF-kappaB targets interleukin-6, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2), and TRAF1 (TRAF, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associate factor). In the presence of CHX, the stable overexpression of a deletion mutant of the Fas-associated death domain molecule FADD comprising solely the death domain of the molecule but lacking its death effector domain (FADD-(80-208)) led to the same response pattern as TRAIL or anti-APO-1 treatment. Moreover, the ability of death receptors to induce NF-kappaB activation was drastically reduced in a FADD-deficient Jurkat cell line. TRAIL-, anti-APO-1-, and FADD-(80-208)-initiated gene induction was blocked by a dominant-negative mutant of TRAF2 or the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580, similar to tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. CHX treatment rapidly down-regulated endogenous cFLIP protein levels, and overexpression of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP) inhibited death receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation. Thus, a novel functional role of cFLIP as a negative regulator of gene induction by death receptors became apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wajant
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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30
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Chan SL, Yee KS, Tan KM, Yu VC. The Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination protein FEM-1 is a CED-3 substrate that associates with CED-4 and mediates apoptosis in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17925-8. [PMID: 10764728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c000146200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific elimination of cells by apoptosis plays a role in sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. Recently, a mammalian pro-apoptotic protein named F1Aalpha has been identified. F1Aalpha shares extensive homology throughout the entire protein with the C. elegans protein, FEM-1, which is essential for achieving all aspects of the male phenotype in the nematode. In this report, the role of FEM-1 in apoptosis was investigated. Overexpression of FEM-1 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in mammalian cells. FEM-1 is cleaved in vitro by the C. elegans caspase, CED-3, generating an N-terminal cleavage product that corresponds to the minimal effector domain for apoptosis. Furthermore, CED-4 associates with FEM-1 in vitro and in vivo in mammalian cells and potentiates FEM-1-mediated apoptosis. Similarly, Apaf-1, the mammalian homologue of CED-4 was found to associate with F1Aalpha. These data suggest that FEM-1 and F1Aalpha may mediate apoptosis by communicating directly with the core machinery of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Dr., Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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31
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Ventura-Holman T, Haider NB, Maher JF. Rapid Communication: The Human FEMI B Gene Maps to Chromosome lSq22 and Is Excluded as the Gene for Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, Type 4. Am J Med Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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