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Llambrich S, Tielemans B, Saliën E, Atzori M, Wouters K, Van Bulck V, Platt M, Vanherp L, Gallego Fernandez N, Grau de la Fuente L, Poptani H, Verlinden L, Himmelreich U, Croitor A, Attanasio C, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Gsell W, Martínez-Abadías N, Vande Velde G. Pleiotropic effects of trisomy and pharmacologic modulation on structural, functional, molecular, and genetic systems in a Down syndrome mouse model. eLife 2024; 12:RP89763. [PMID: 38497812 PMCID: PMC10948151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by skeletal and brain structural malformations, cognitive impairment, altered hippocampal metabolite concentration and gene expression imbalance. These alterations were usually investigated separately, and the potential rescuing effects of green tea extracts enriched in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG) provided disparate results due to different experimental conditions. We overcame these limitations by conducting the first longitudinal controlled experiment evaluating genotype and GTE-EGCG prenatal chronic treatment effects before and after treatment discontinuation. Our findings revealed that the Ts65Dn mouse model reflected the pleiotropic nature of DS, exhibiting brachycephalic skull, ventriculomegaly, neurodevelopmental delay, hyperactivity, and impaired memory robustness with altered hippocampal metabolite concentration and gene expression. GTE-EGCG treatment modulated most systems simultaneously but did not rescue DS phenotypes. On the contrary, the treatment exacerbated trisomic phenotypes including body weight, tibia microarchitecture, neurodevelopment, adult cognition, and metabolite concentration, not supporting the therapeutic use of GTE-EGCG as a prenatal chronic treatment. Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal experiments assessing the co-modulation of multiple systems throughout development when characterizing preclinical models in complex disorders and evaluating the pleiotropic effects and general safety of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Llambrich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Birger Tielemans
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ellen Saliën
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marta Atzori
- Department of Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kaat Wouters
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Mark Platt
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Laure Vanherp
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nuria Gallego Fernandez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Grau de la Fuente
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anca Croitor
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Ryu KY, Pokhrel NK, Jung HJ, Kim HJ, Seok J, Kim TY, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim JY, Kim YG, Lee Y. Mer tyrosine kinase regulates bone metabolism, and its deficiency partially ameliorates periodontitis- and ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad014. [PMID: 38505527 PMCID: PMC10945713 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by tightly coordinated activities of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In the present report, the role of Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) in bone metabolism was investigated. The expression of MerTK decreased upon BMP2 stimulation of osteoblast precursors. The femurs of Mertk-deficient mice showed significantly increased bone volume with concomitant increase of bone formation and reduction in bone resorption. These bone phenotypes were attributed to the increased osteoblast differentiation and mineralization accounted by the enhanced β-catenin and Smad signaling in the absence of MerTK in osteoblast precursors. Although the Mertk-deficient bone marrow macrophages were predisposed to enhanced osteoclast differentiation via augmented Ca2+-NFATc1 signaling, the dramatic increase of Tnfsf11b/Tnfsf11 (Opg/Rankl) ratio in Mertk knockout bones and osteoblast precursors corroborated the reduction of osteoclastogenesis in Mertk deficiency. In ligature-induced periodontitis and ovariectomy models, the bone resorption was significantly attenuated in Mertk-deficient mice compared with wild-type control. Taken together, these data indicate novel role of MerTK in bone metabolism and suggest a potential strategy targeting MerTK in treating bone-lytic diseases including periodontitis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Young Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Nitin Kumar Pokhrel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Jiwon Seok
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
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O' Malley BGJ, Duong H, Kafer G, Maugham-Macan M. The aetiology of atypical bone health in individuals with Down syndrome. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:140. [PMID: 37996656 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trisomy 21 (T21), more commonly known as Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition where every cell in the body has an additional copy of chromosome 21. Despite improvements in our management of DS-associated health risks, we still do not understand how T21 impacts human bone health. This is a critical area of research owing to increased life expectancy of people with DS, and the predisposition of individuals with DS to early-onset osteoporosis and osteopenia. METHODS We have conducted a scoping review using the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005) which analysed the existing data on bone growth, development, maintenance and repair in T21 using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: Trisomy 21, Down syndrome, Down's syndrome, bone development, bone growth, bone maintenance, fracture risk, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, bone strength, bone mineral content, bone formation, bone repair, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, osteomacs. A total of 31 papers were identified. After screening, 16 articles were included in full-text review. RESULTS There was a total of eleven in vivo animal model studies identified and included in the scoping review. Of those eleven, ten revealed a difference in bone growth and development in animal models of DS, and two found that bone maintenance and repair in animal models of DS is reduced with both studies reporting an osteoporotic bone phenotype in male and female mice. All five studies that included human participants reported impacts on bone growth and development with reduced bone growth rates and delayed bone maturation in individuals with DS. At the time of review, there were no human studies directly investigating bone maintenance and repair in individuals with DS. CONCLUSION We found documented evidence that T21 impacts bone growth and development, maintenance and repair in both animal models and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette G J O' Malley
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huong Duong
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Kafer
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle Maugham-Macan
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Hogg EKJ, Findlay GM. Functions of SRPK, CLK and DYRK kinases in stem cells, development, and human developmental disorders. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2375-2415. [PMID: 37607329 PMCID: PMC10952393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human developmental disorders encompass a wide range of debilitating physical conditions and intellectual disabilities. Perturbation of protein kinase signalling underlies the development of some of these disorders. For example, disrupted SRPK signalling is associated with intellectual disabilities, and the gene dosage of DYRKs can dictate the pathology of disorders including Down's syndrome. Here, we review the emerging roles of the CMGC kinase families SRPK, CLK, DYRK, and sub-family HIPK during embryonic development and in developmental disorders. In particular, SRPK, CLK, and DYRK kinase families have key roles in developmental signalling and stem cell regulation, and can co-ordinate neuronal development and function. Genetic studies in model organisms reveal critical phenotypes including embryonic lethality, sterility, musculoskeletal errors, and most notably, altered neurological behaviours arising from defects of the neuroectoderm and altered neuronal signalling. Further unpicking the mechanisms of specific kinases using human stem cell models of neuronal differentiation and function will improve our understanding of human developmental disorders and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. J. Hogg
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Greg M. Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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Yang T, Hei R, Li X, Ma T, Shen Y, Liu C, He W, Zhu L, Gu Y, Hu Y, Wei W, Shen Y. The role of NPY2R/NFATc1/DYRK1A regulatory axis in sebaceous glands for sebum synthesis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:60. [PMID: 37501148 PMCID: PMC10375735 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sebaceous glands (SGs) synthesize and secret sebum to protect and moisturize the dermal system via the complicated endocrine modulation. Dysfunction of SG are usually implicated in a number of dermal and inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism behind the differentiation, development and proliferation of SGs is far away to fully understand. METHODS Herein, the rat volar and mammary tissues with abundant SGs from female SD rats with (post-natal day (PND)-35) and without puberty onset (PND-25) were arrested, and conducted RNA sequencing. The protein complex of Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R)/NPY5R/Nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) was performed by immunoprecipitation, mass spectrum and gel filtration. Genome-wide occupancy of NFATc1 was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Target proteins' expression and localization was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS NPY2R gene was significantly up-regulated in volar and mammary SGs of PND-25. A special protein complex of NPY2R/NPY5R/NFATc1 in PND-25. NFATc1 was dephosphorylated and activated, then localized into nucleus to exert as a transcription factor in volar SGs of PND-35. NFATc1 was especially binding at enhancer regions to facilitate the distal SG and sebum related genes' transcription. Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) contributed to NFATc1 phosphorylation in PND-25, and inactivated of DYRK1A resulted in NFATc1 dephosphorylation and nuclear localization in PND-35. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unmask the new role of NPY2R/NFATc1/DYRK1A in pubertal SG, and are of benefit to advanced understanding the molecular mechanism of SGs' function after puberty, and provide some theoretical basis for the treatment of acne vulgaris from the perspective of hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renyi Hei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- Graduate School of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifen Shen
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666, Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666, Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen He
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666, Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666, Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchun Gu
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666, Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200013, China.
| | - Yihang Shen
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666, Ludang Road, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China.
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Redhead Y, Gibbins D, Lana-Elola E, Watson-Scales S, Dobson L, Krause M, Liu KJ, Fisher EMC, Green JBA, Tybulewicz VLJ. Craniofacial dysmorphology in Down syndrome is caused by increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes. Development 2023; 150:dev201077. [PMID: 37102702 PMCID: PMC10163349 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), occurs in 1 in 800 live births and is the most common human aneuploidy. DS results in multiple phenotypes, including craniofacial dysmorphology, which is characterised by midfacial hypoplasia, brachycephaly and micrognathia. The genetic and developmental causes of this are poorly understood. Using morphometric analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS and an associated mouse genetic mapping panel, we demonstrate that four Hsa21-orthologous regions of mouse chromosome 16 contain dosage-sensitive genes that cause the DS craniofacial phenotype, and identify one of these causative genes as Dyrk1a. We show that the earliest and most severe defects in Dp1Tyb skulls are in bones of neural crest (NC) origin, and that mineralisation of the Dp1Tyb skull base synchondroses is aberrant. Furthermore, we show that increased dosage of Dyrk1a results in decreased NC cell proliferation and a decrease in size and cellularity of the NC-derived frontal bone primordia. Thus, DS craniofacial dysmorphology is caused by an increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Dobson
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Delabar JM, Lagarde J, Fructuoso M, Mohammad A, Bottlaender M, Doran E, Lott I, Rivals I, Schmitt FA, Head E, Sarazin M, Potier MC. Increased plasma DYRK1A with aging may protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:111. [PMID: 37015911 PMCID: PMC10073199 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early markers are needed for more effective prevention of Alzheimer's disease. We previously showed that individuals with Alzheimer's disease have decreased plasma DYRK1A levels compared to controls. We assessed DYRK1A in the plasma of cognitively healthy elderly volunteers, individuals with either Alzheimer's disease (AD), tauopathies or Down syndrome (DS), and in lymphoblastoids from individuals with DS. DYRK1A levels were inversely correlated with brain amyloid β burden in asymptomatic elderly individuals and AD patients. Low DYRK1A levels were also detected in patients with tauopathies. Individuals with DS had higher DYRK1A levels than controls, although levels were lower in individuals with DS and with dementia. These data suggest that plasma DYRK1A levels could be used for early detection of at risk individuals of AD and for early detection of AD. We hypothesize that lack of increase of DYRK1A at middle age (40-50 years) could be a warning before the cognitive decline, reflecting increased risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Delabar
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, 75013, France.
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, 75013, France
- Paris-Saclay University, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Marta Fructuoso
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Ammara Mohammad
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Paris-Saclay University, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Eric Doran
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ira Lott
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, INSERM, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Frederic A Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, 75013, France
- Paris-Saclay University, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, 75013, France.
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8
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Sloan K, Thomas J, Blackwell M, Voisard D, Lana-Elola E, Watson-Scales S, Roper DL, Wallace JM, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Roper RJ. Genetic dissection of triplicated chromosome 21 orthologs yields varying skeletal traits in Down syndrome model mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049927. [PMID: 36939025 PMCID: PMC10163323 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes result from triplicated genes, but the effects of three copy genes are not well known. A mouse mapping panel genetically dissecting human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) syntenic regions was used to investigate the contributions and interactions of triplicated Hsa21 orthologous genes on mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu16) on skeletal phenotypes. Skeletal structure and mechanical properties were assessed in femurs of male and female Dp9Tyb, Dp2Tyb, Dp3Tyb, Dp4Tyb, Dp5Tyb, Dp6Tyb, Ts1Rhr and Dp1Tyb;Dyrk1a+/+/- mice. Dp1Tyb mice, with the entire Hsa21 homologous region of Mmu16 triplicated, display bone deficits similar to those of humans with DS and served as a baseline for other strains in the panel. Bone phenotypes varied based on triplicated gene content, sex and bone compartment. Three copies of Dyrk1a played a sex-specific, essential role in trabecular deficits and may interact with other genes to influence cortical deficits related to DS. Triplicated genes in Dp9Tyb and Dp2Tyb mice improved some skeletal parameters. As triplicated genes can both improve and worsen bone deficits, it is important to understand the interaction between and molecular mechanisms of skeletal alterations affected by these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jared Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew Blackwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Deanna Voisard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Yang Y, Fan X, Liu Y, Ye D, Liu C, Yang H, Su Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Function and Inhibition of DYRK1A: emerging roles of treating multiple human diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115521. [PMID: 36990324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase and the most studied member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. It has been shown that it participates in the development of plenty of diseases, and both the low or high expression of DYRK1A protein could lead to disorder. Thus, DYRK1A is recognized as a key target for the therapy for these diseases, and the studies on natural or synthetic DYRK1A inhibitors have become more and more popular. Here, we provide a comprehensive review for DYRK1A from the structure and function of DYRK1A, the roles of DYRK1A in various types of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and kinds of cancers, and the studies of its natural and synthetic inhibitors.
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10
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Vazirian F, Sadeghi M, Wang D, Javidi Dashtbayaz R, Gholoobi A, Samadi S, Mohammadpour AH. Correlation between osteoprotegerin and coronary artery calcification in diabetic subjects: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:96. [PMID: 36809976 PMCID: PMC9942374 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is one of the critical cardiovascular complications that lead to elevated morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2M). The association between osteoprotegerin (OPG) and CAC could potentially provide a reasonable chance for preventive therapy in type 2 diabetic patients and benefit the rate of mortality. Since measurement of CAC score is relatively expensive and requires radiation exposure, the current systematic review aims to provide clinical evidence for evaluating the prognostic role of OPG in determining CAC risk among subjects with T2M. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, were investigated until July 2022. We assessed human studies investigating the association of OPG with CAC in type 2 diabetic patients. Quality assessment was performed by Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scales (NOS). Out of 459 records, 7 studies remained eligible to be included. Observational studies that provided odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between OPG and the risk of CAC were analyzed by random-effects model. In order to provide a visual summary of our findings, the estimation of pooled OR from cross-sectional studies was reported as 2.86 [95% CI 1.49-5.49], which is consistent with the findings of the cohort study. Results revealed that the association between OPG and CAC was significant among diabetic patients. OPG is hypothesized to be a potential marker in predicting the presence of high coronary calcium score among subjects with T2M that could be recognized as a novel target for further pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vazirian
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Javidi Dashtbayaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Gholoobi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Shukla M, Vincent B. Melatonin as a Harmonizing Factor of Circadian Rhythms, Neuronal Cell Cycle and Neurogenesis: Additional Arguments for Its Therapeutic Use in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1273-1298. [PMID: 36918783 PMCID: PMC10286584 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230314142505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and release of melatonin in the brain harmonize various physiological functions. The apparent decline in melatonin levels with advanced aging is an aperture to the neurodegenerative processes. It has been indicated that down regulation of melatonin leads to alterations of circadian rhythm components, which further causes a desynchronization of several genes and results in an increased susceptibility to develop neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, as circadian rhythms and memory are intertwined, such rhythmic disturbances influence memory formation and recall. Besides, cell cycle events exhibit a remarkable oscillatory system, which is downstream of the circadian phenomena. The linkage between the molecular machinery of the cell cycle and complex fundamental regulatory proteins emphasizes the conjectural regulatory role of cell cycle components in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Among the mechanisms intervening long before the signs of the disease appear, the disturbances of the circadian cycle, as well as the alteration of the machinery of the cell cycle and impaired neurogenesis, must hold our interest. Therefore, in the present review, we propose to discuss the underlying mechanisms of action of melatonin in regulating the circadian rhythm, cell cycle components and adult neurogenesis in the context of AD pathogenesis with the view that it might further assist to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Shukla
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Present Address: Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
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12
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Bone Tissue and the Nervous System: What Do They Have in Common? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010051. [PMID: 36611845 PMCID: PMC9818711 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affecting bone tissues and the brain represent important problems with high socio-economic impact. Certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, are considered risk factors for the progression of neurological disorders. Often, patients with neurodegenerative diseases have bone fractures or reduced mobility linked to osteoarthritis. The bone is a dynamic tissue involved not only in movement but also in the maintenance of mineral metabolism. Bone is also associated with the generation of both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and thus the generation of the immune system, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Bone marrow is a lymphoid organ and contains MSCs and HSCs, both of which are involved in brain health via the production of cytokines with endocrine functions. Hence, it seems clear that bone is involved in the regulation of the neuronal system and vice versa. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the interactions between the nervous system and bone and highlights the importance of the interaction between nerve and bone cells. In addition, experimental models that study the interaction between nerve and skeletal cells are discussed, and innovative models are suggested to better evaluate the molecular interactions between these two cell types.
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13
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Llambrich S, González-Colom R, Wouters J, Roldán J, Salassa S, Wouters K, Van Bulck V, Sharpe J, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Vande Velde G, Martínez-Abadías N. Green Tea Catechins Modulate Skeletal Development with Effects Dependent on Dose, Time, and Structure in a down Syndrome Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194167. [PMID: 36235819 PMCID: PMC9572077 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered skeletal development in Down syndrome (DS) results in a brachycephalic skull, flattened face, shorter mandibular ramus, shorter limbs, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Our previous study showed that low doses of green tea extract enriched in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG), administered continuously from embryonic day 9 to postnatal day 29, reduced facial dysmorphologies in the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of DS, but high doses could exacerbate them. Here, we extended the analyses to other skeletal structures and systematically evaluated the effects of high and low doses of GTE-EGCG treatment over postnatal development in wild-type (WT) and TS mice using in vivo µCT and geometric morphometrics. TS mice developed shorter and wider faces, skulls, and mandibles, together with shorter and narrower humerus and scapula, and reduced BMD dynamically over time. Besides facial morphology, GTE-EGCG did not rescue any other skeletal phenotype in TS treated mice. In WT mice, GTE-EGCG significantly altered the shape of the skull and mandible, reduced the length and width of the long bones, and lowered the BMD. The disparate effects of GTE-EGCG depended on the dose, developmental timepoint, and anatomical structure analyzed, emphasizing the complex nature of DS and the need to further investigate the simultaneous effects of GTE-EGCG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Llambrich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rubèn González-Colom
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Wouters
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge Roldán
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Salassa
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaat Wouters
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vicky Van Bulck
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Sharpe
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- EMBL Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (G.V.V.); (N.M.-A.); Tel.: +32-16330924 (G.V.V.); +34-934034564 (N.M.-A.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.V.V.); (N.M.-A.); Tel.: +32-16330924 (G.V.V.); +34-934034564 (N.M.-A.)
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14
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Jamal R, LaCombe J, Patel R, Blackwell M, Thomas JR, Sloan K, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Increased dosage and treatment time of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) negatively affects skeletal parameters in normal mice and Down syndrome mouse models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264254. [PMID: 35196359 PMCID: PMC8865638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone abnormalities affect all individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and are linked to abnormal expression of DYRK1A, a gene found in three copies in people with DS and Ts65Dn DS model mice. Previous work in Ts65Dn male mice demonstrated that both genetic normalization of Dyrk1a and treatment with ~9 mg/kg/day Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol found in green tea and putative DYRK1A inhibitor, improved some skeletal deficits. Because EGCG treatment improved mostly trabecular skeletal deficits, we hypothesized that increasing EGCG treatment dosage and length of administration would positively affect both trabecular and cortical bone in Ts65Dn mice. Treatment of individuals with DS with green tea extract (GTE) containing EGCG also showed some weight loss in individuals with DS, and we hypothesized that weights would be affected in Ts65Dn mice after EGCG treatment. Treatment with ~20 mg/kg/day EGCG for seven weeks showed no improvements in male Ts65Dn trabecular bone and only limited improvements in cortical measures. Comparing skeletal analyses after ~20mg/kg/day EGCG treatment with previously published treatments with ~9, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day EGCG showed that increased dosage and treatment time increased cortical structural deficits leading to weaker appendicular bones in male mice. Weight was not affected by treatment in mice, except for those given a high dose of EGCG by oral gavage. These data indicate that high doses of EGCG, similar to those reported in some treatment studies of DS and other disorders, may impair long bone structure and strength. Skeletal phenotypes should be monitored when high doses of EGCG are administered therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Jamal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jonathan LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Roshni Patel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew Blackwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jared R. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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15
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Wang J, Du X, Wang X, Xiao H, Jing N, Xue W, Dong B, Gao WQ, Fang YX. Tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing extracellular vesicles promote osteolysis by activating the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis for bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:76-90. [PMID: 34801597 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancer (PCa)-related deaths are caused by progression to bone metastasis. Recently, the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pre-metastatic niche formation has been reported. However, whether and how tumor-derived EVs interact with bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to release EV-delivered microRNAs to promote osteolysis and induce pre-metastatic niche formation for PCa bone metastasis remain unclear. Our in vitro and in vivo functional and mechanistic assays revealed that EV-mediated release of miR-378a-3p from tumor cells was upregulated in bone-metastatic PCa, maintaining low intracellular miR-378a-3p concentration to promote proliferation and MAOA-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, miR-378a-3p enrichment in tumor-derived EVs was induced by hnRNPA2B1 (a transfer chaperone) overexpression. After tumor-derived EVs were taken in by BMMs, enriched miR-378a-3p promoted osteolytic progression by inhibiting Dyrk1a to improve Nfatc1 (an osteolysis-related transcription factor) nuclear translocation, to activate the expression of downstream target gene Angptl2. As a feedback, increased Angptl2 secretion into the tumor environment promoted PCa progression. In conclusion, tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing EVs play a significant role in PCa bone metastasis by activating the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis in BMMs to induce osteolytic progression, making miR-378a-3p a potential predictor of metastatic PCa. Reducing the release of miR-378a-3p-containing EVs or inhibiting the recruitment of miR-378a-3p into EVs can be a therapeutic strategy against PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huixiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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16
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He Q, Lin J, Zhou F, Cai D, Yan Y, Shan Y, Zhang S, Li T, Yao X, Ouyang H. “Musical dish” efficiently induces osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through music derived micro‐stretch with variable frequency. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10291. [PMID: 35600662 PMCID: PMC9115692 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonuniform microstretching (NUMS) naturally occurs in real bone tissues in vivo, but its profound effects have not been identified yet. In order to explore the biological effects of NUMS and static stretch (uniform stretch [US]) on cells, a new “musical dish” device was developed. Musical signal was used to provide NUMS to cells. More stress fibers, arranging along the long axis of cells, were formed throughout the cells under NUMS, compared with US and untreated control group, although cell morphology did not show any alteration. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed enhanced osteogenic differentiation of cells after NUMS treatment. Cells in the NUMS group showed a higher expression of bone‐related genes, while genes related to stemness and other lineages were down‐regulated. Our results give insights into the biological effects of NUMS and US on stem cell osteogenic differentiation, suggesting beneficial effects of micromechanical stimulus for osteogenesis. The newly developed device provides a basis for the development of NUMS derived rehabilitation technology to promote bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin He
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Fanghao Zhou
- Center for X‐Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Dandan Cai
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yiyang Yan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yejie Shan
- Center for X‐Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- Center for X‐Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xudong Yao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yiwu China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou China
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17
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Atas-Ozcan H, Brault V, Duchon A, Herault Y. Dyrk1a from Gene Function in Development and Physiology to Dosage Correction across Life Span in Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1833. [PMID: 34828439 PMCID: PMC8624927 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disabilities with a large set of comorbidities from developmental origins but also that appeared across life span. Investigation of the genetic overdosage found in Down syndrome, due to the trisomy of human chromosome 21, has pointed to one main driver gene, the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a). Dyrk1a is a murine homolog of the drosophila minibrain gene. It has been found to be involved in many biological processes during development and in adulthood. Further analysis showed its haploinsufficiency in mental retardation disease 7 and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. DYRK1A plays a role in major developmental steps of brain development, controlling the proliferation of neural progenitors, the migration of neurons, their dendritogenesis and the function of the synapse. Several strategies targeting the overdosage of DYRK1A in DS with specific kinase inhibitors have showed promising evidence that DS cognitive conditions can be alleviated. Nevertheless, providing conditions for proper temporal treatment and to tackle the neurodevelopmental and the neurodegenerative aspects of DS across life span is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Atas-Ozcan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Celphedia, Phenomin-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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18
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Thomas JR, Sloan K, Cave K, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Skeletal Deficits in Male and Female down Syndrome Model Mice Arise Independent of Normalized Dyrk1a Expression in Osteoblasts. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1729. [PMID: 34828335 PMCID: PMC8624983 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (Ts21) causes alterations in skeletal development resulting in decreased bone mass, shortened stature and weaker bones in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). There is a sexual dimorphism in bone mineral density (BMD) deficits associated with DS with males displaying earlier deficits than females. The relationships between causative trisomic genes, cellular mechanisms, and influence of sex in DS skeletal abnormalities remain unknown. One hypothesis is that the low bone turnover phenotype observed in DS results from attenuated osteoblast function, contributing to impaired trabecular architecture, altered cortical geometry, and decreased mineralization. DYRK1A, found in three copies in humans with DS, Ts65Dn, and Dp1Tyb DS model mice, has been implicated in the development of postnatal skeletal phenotypes associated with DS. Reduced copy number of Dyrk1a to euploid levels from conception in an otherwise trisomic Ts65Dn mice resulted in a rescue of appendicular bone deficits, suggesting DYRK1A contributes to skeletal development and homeostasis. We hypothesized that reduction of Dyrk1a copy number in trisomic osteoblasts would improve cellular function and resultant skeletal structural anomalies in trisomic mice. Female mice with a floxed Dyrk1a gene (Ts65Dn,Dyrk1afl/wt) were mated with male Osx-Cre+ (expressed in osteoblasts beginning around E13.5) mice, resulting in reduced Dyrk1a copy number in mature osteoblasts in Ts65Dn,Dyrk1a+/+/Osx-Cre P42 male and female trisomic and euploid mice, compared with littermate controls. Male and female Ts65Dn,Dyrk1a+/+/+ (3 copies of DYRK1A in osteoblasts) and Ts65Dn,Dyrk1a+/+/Osx-Cre (2 copies of Dyrk1a in osteoblasts) displayed similar defects in both trabecular architecture and cortical geometry, with no improvements with reduced Dyrk1a in osteoblasts. This suggests that trisomic DYRK1A does not affect osteoblast function in a cell-autonomous manner at or before P42. Although male Dp1Tyb and Ts65Dn mice exhibit similar skeletal deficits at P42 in both trabecular and cortical bone compartments between euploid and trisomic mice, female Ts65Dn mice exhibit significant cortical and trabecular deficits at P42, in contrast to an absence of genotype effect in female Dp1Tyb mice in trabecular bone. Taken together, these data suggest skeletal deficits in DS mouse models and are sex and age dependent, and influenced by strain effects, but are not solely caused by the overexpression of Dyrk1a in osteoblasts. Identifying molecular and cellular mechanisms, disrupted by gene dosage imbalance, that are involved in the development of skeletal phenotypes associated with DS could help to design therapies to rescue skeletal deficiencies seen in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.T.); (K.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.T.); (K.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kelsey Cave
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.T.); (K.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.T.); (K.S.); (K.C.)
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MiRNAs Expression Profiling in Raw264.7 Macrophages after Nfatc1-Knockdown Elucidates Potential Pathways Involved in Osteoclasts Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111080. [PMID: 34827073 PMCID: PMC8614811 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of macrophages toward osteoclasts is crucial for bone homeostasis but can be detrimental in disease states, including osteoporosis and cancer. Therefore, understanding the osteoclast differentiation process and the underlying regulatory mechanisms may facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets. Hereby, we tried to reveal new miRNAs potentially involved in the regulation of early steps of osteoclastogenesis, with a particular focus on those possibly correlated with NFATc1 expression, by studying miRNAs profiling. During the first 24 h of osteoclastogenesis, 38 miRNAs were differentially expressed between undifferentiated and RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while 10 miRNAs were differentially expressed between RANKL-stimulated cells transfected with negative control or NFATc1-siRNAs. Among others, the expression levels of miR-411, miR-144 and members of miR-29, miR-30, and miR-23 families changed after RANKL stimulation. Moreover, the potential role of miR-124 during osteoclastogenesis was explored by transient cell transfection with anti-miR-124 or miR-124-mimic. Two relatively unknown miRNAs, miR-880-3p and miR-295-3p, were differentially expressed between RANKL-stimulated/wild-type and RANKL-stimulated/NFATc1-silenced cells, suggesting their possible correlation with NFATc1. KEGG enrichment analyses showed that kinase and phosphatase enzymes were among the predicted targets for many of the studied miRNAs. In conclusion, our study provides new data on the potential role and possible targets of new miRNAs during osteoclastogenesis.
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Pucelik B, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM, Czarna A. Diabetic Kinome Inhibitors-A New Opportunity for β-Cells Restoration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9083. [PMID: 34445786 PMCID: PMC8396662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, and several diseases related to diabetes, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders, represent one of the major ongoing threats to human life, becoming a true pandemic of the 21st century. Current treatment strategies for diabetes mainly involve promoting β-cell differentiation, and one of the most widely studied targets for β-cell regeneration is DYRK1A kinase, a member of the DYRK family. DYRK1A has been characterized as a key regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and signal transduction in various organisms, while further roles and substrates are the subjects of extensive investigation. The targets of interest in this review are implicated in the regulation of β-cells through DYRK1A inhibition-through driving their transition from highly inefficient and death-prone populations into efficient and sufficient precursors of islet regeneration. Increasing evidence for the role of DYRK1A in diabetes progression and β-cell proliferation expands the potential for pharmaceutical applications of DYRK1A inhibitors. The variety of new compounds and binding modes, determined by crystal structure and in vitro studies, may lead to new strategies for diabetes treatment. This review provides recent insights into the initial self-activation of DYRK1A by tyrosine autophosphorylation. Moreover, the importance of developing novel DYRK1A inhibitors and their implications for the treatment of diabetes are thoroughly discussed. The evolving understanding of DYRK kinase structure and function and emerging high-throughput screening technologies have been described. As a final point of this work, we intend to promote the term "diabetic kinome" as part of scientific terminology to emphasize the role of the synergistic action of multiple kinases in governing the molecular processes that underlie this particular group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Czarna
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
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21
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Effects of photobiomodulation on bone remodeling in an osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1049-1059. [PMID: 34142255 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The general bone anabolic effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) is largely accepted. As a result, PBM therapy is expected to be beneficial in the medical fields of dentistry and bone healing. However, most of the previous in vitro studies on PBM and bone metabolism were performed with single-cell cultures of osteoclast-lineage cells or osteoblast-lineage cells. In the present study, the bone-modulating effects of PBM were evaluated in an in vitro osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture system. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and mouse calvarial pre-osteoblasts cells were purified and used as precursor cells for osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The PBM effects on single-cell culture of osteoclasts or osteoblasts as well as co-culture were examined by 1.2 J/cm2 low-level Ga-Al-As laser (λ = 808 ± 3 nm, 80 mW, and 80 mA; spot size, 1cm2; NDLux, Seoul, Korea) irradiation for 30 s at daily intervals throughout culture period. At the end of culture, the osteoclast differentiation and osteoblast differentiation were assessed by TRAP staining and ALP staining, respectively. The expressions of osteoclastogenic cytokines were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Under the single-cell culture condition, PBM enhanced osteoblast differentiation but had minor effects on osteoclast differentiation. However, in the co-culture condition, its osteoblastogenic effect was maintained, and osteoclast differentiation was substantially reduced. Subsequent RT-PCR analyses and western blot results revealed marked reduction in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and elevation in osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression by PBM in co-cultured cells. More importantly, these alterations in RANKL/OPG levels were not observed under the single-cell culture conditions. Our results highlight the different effects of PBM on bone cells based on culture conditions. Further, our findings suggest the indirect anti-osteoclastogenic effect of PBM, which is accompanied by a decrease in RANKL expression and an increase in OPG expression.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy 21 (Ts21) and results in skeletal deficits including shortened stature, low bone mineral density, and a predisposition to early onset osteoporosis. Ts21 causes significant alterations in skeletal development, morphology of the appendicular skeleton, bone homeostasis, age-related bone loss, and bone strength. However, the genetic or cellular origins of DS skeletal phenotypes remain unclear. RECENT FINDINGS New studies reveal a sexual dimorphism in characteristics and onset of skeletal deficits that differ between DS and typically developing individuals. Age-related bone loss occurs earlier in the DS as compared to general population. Perturbations of DS skeletal quality arise from alterations in cellular and molecular pathways affected by the overexpression of trisomic genes. Sex-specific alterations occur in critical developmental pathways that disrupt bone accrual, remodeling, and homeostasis and are compounded by aging, resulting in increased risks for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA.
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Im JY, Kim BK, Yoon SH, Cho BC, Baek YM, Kang MJ, Kim N, Gong YD, Won M. DGG-100629 inhibits lung cancer growth by suppressing the NFATc1/DDIAS/STAT3 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:643-653. [PMID: 33859351 PMCID: PMC8102629 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) promotes the progression of lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the regulation of multiple pathways. We screened a chemical library for anticancer agent(s) capable of inhibiting DDIAS transcription. DGG-100629 was found to suppress lung cancer cell growth through the inhibition of DDIAS expression. DGG-100629 induced c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and inhibited NFATc1 nuclear translocation. Treatment with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) or knockdown of JNK1 restored DDIAS expression and reversed DGG-100629-induced cell death. In addition, DGG-100629 suppressed the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway. DDIAS or STAT3 overexpression restored lung cancer cell growth in the presence of DGG-100629. In a xenograft assay, DGG-100629 inhibited tumor growth by reducing the level of phosphorylated STAT3 and the expression of STAT3 target genes. Moreover, DGG-100629 inhibited the growth of lung cancer patient-derived gefitinib-resistant cells expressing NFATc1 and DDIAS. Our findings emphasize the potential of DDIAS blockade as a therapeutic approach and suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of gefitinib-resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Im
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Yoon
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340National Center for Efficacy Evaluation for Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Yu Mi Baek
- Therna Therapeutics, Yangcheon-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 05029 Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Kang
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
| | - Misun Won
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Deparment of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Korea
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Efstathiou A, Smirlis D. Leishmania Protein Kinases: Important Regulators of the Parasite Life Cycle and Molecular Targets for Treating Leishmaniasis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040691. [PMID: 33801655 PMCID: PMC8066228 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite of the trypanosomatid family, causing a wide range of diseases with different clinical manifestations including cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. According to WHO, one billion people are at risk of Leishmania infection as they live in endemic areas while there are 12 million infected people worldwide. Annually, 0.9-1.6 million new infections are reported and 20-50 thousand deaths occur due to Leishmania infection. As current chemotherapy for treating leishmaniasis exhibits numerous drawbacks and due to the lack of effective human vaccine, there is an urgent need to develop new antileishmanial therapy treatment. To this end, eukaryotic protein kinases can be ideal target candidates for rational drug design against leishmaniasis. Eukaryotic protein kinases mediate signal transduction through protein phosphorylation and their inhibition is anticipated to be disease modifying as they regulate all essential processes for Leishmania viability and completion of the parasitic life cycle including cell-cycle progression, differentiation and virulence. This review highlights existing knowledge concerning the exploitation of Leishmania protein kinases as molecular targets to treat leishmaniasis and the current knowledge of their role in the biology of Leishmania spp. and in the regulation of signalling events that promote parasite survival in the insect vector or the mammalian host.
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25
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LaCombe JM, Roper RJ. Skeletal dynamics of Down syndrome: A developing perspective. Bone 2020; 133:115215. [PMID: 31887437 PMCID: PMC7044033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) display distinctive skeletal morphology compared to the general population, but disparate descriptions, methodologies, analyses, and populations sampled have led to diverging conclusions about this unique skeletal phenotype. As individuals with DS are living longer, they may be at a higher risk of aging disorders such as osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Sexual dimorphism has been suggested between males and females with DS in which males, not females, experience an earlier decline in bone mineral density (BMD). Unfortunately, studies focusing on skeletal health related to Trisomy 21 (Ts21) are few in number and often too underpowered to answer questions about skeletal development, resultant osteoporosis, and sexual dimorphism, especially in stages of bone accrual. Further confounding the field are the varied methods of bone imaging, analysis, and data interpretation. This review takes a critical look at the current knowledge of DS skeletal phenotypes, both from human and mouse studies, and presents knowledge gaps that need to be addressed, differences in research methodologies and analyses that affect the interpretation of results, and proposes guidelines for overcoming obstacles to understand skeletal traits associated with DS. By examining our current knowledge of bone in individuals with Ts21, a trajectory for future studies may be established to provide meaningful solutions for understanding the development of and improving skeletal structures in individuals with and without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America.
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26
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Kim HJ, Seo SJ, Kim JY, Kim YG, Lee Y. IL-17 promotes osteoblast differentiation, bone regeneration, and remodeling in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:1044-1050. [PMID: 32067737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by concerted actions of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. A wide range of evidence indicates that a proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 promotes osteoclastogenesis. However, the role of IL-17 in osteoblasts is less well-understood. In the current study, the effect of IL-17 on osteogenic differentiation was investigated in mouse calvarial cells. IL-17 stimulated osteoblast differentiation, mineralization, proliferation, motility, and osteoblast-dependent osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The pro-osteogenic role of IL-17 was dependent on Act1 and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In a critical size calvarial defect model, IL-17 significantly augmented bone regeneration. Importantly, IL-17 also remarkably increased bone remodeling and restored osteoclastogenesis in zoledronate-treated mice. Furthermore, IL-17 conspicuously stimulated the formation of lamellar bones. These data not only provide a clue to understand the role of IL-17 in bone metabolism but also suggest possible applications in bone augmentation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Hard Tissue and Bone Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Seo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Hard Tissue and Bone Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea.
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Hard Tissue and Bone Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea.
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27
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Kong L, Wang Y, Smith W, Hao D. Macrophages in Bone Homeostasis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:474-481. [PMID: 30767753 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190214163815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant or prolonged immune responses has been proved to be involved in bone homeostasis. As a component of the innate immune system, macrophages play a critical role in bone homeostasis. Conventionally, according to response to the various panel of stimuli, macrophages can be plastically classified into two major phenotypes: M1 and M2. M1 macrophages are generally proinflammatory, whereas M2 are anti-inflammatory. Although studies demonstrated that both M1 and M2 phenotypes have been implicated in various inflammatory bone diseases, their direct role in bone homeostasis remains unclear. Thus, in this review, we briefly discuss the term "osteoimmunology", which deals with the crosstalk and shared mechanisms of the bone and immune systems. In addition, we overview M1 and M2 macrophages for their role in osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis as well as relevant signaling cascades involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong Uinversity, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Youhan Wang
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong Uinversity, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanli Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong Uinversity, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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28
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Qiu C, Yu F, Su K, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Xu C, Hu W, Wang Z, Zhao L, Tian Q, Wang Y, Deng H, Shen H. Multi-omics Data Integration for Identifying Osteoporosis Biomarkers and Their Biological Interaction and Causal Mechanisms. iScience 2020; 23:100847. [PMID: 32058959 PMCID: PMC6997862 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). The advancement of high-throughput technologies and integrative approaches provided an opportunity for deciphering the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis. Here, we generated genomic, transcriptomic, methylomic, and metabolomic datasets from 119 subjects with high (n = 61) and low (n = 58) BMDs. By adopting sparse multiple discriminative canonical correlation analysis, we identified an optimal multi-omics biomarker panel with 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 75 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs), and 23 differential metabolic products (DMPs). By linking genetic data, we identified 199 targeted BMD-associated expression/methylation/metabolite quantitative trait loci (eQTLs/meQTLs/metaQTLs). The reconstructed networks/pathways showed extensive biomarker interactions, and a substantial proportion of these biomarkers were enriched in RANK/RANKL, MAPK/TGF-β, and WNT/β-catenin pathways and G-protein-coupled receptor, GTP-binding/GTPase, telomere/mitochondrial activities that are essential for bone metabolism. Five biomarkers (FADS2, ADRA2A, FMN1, RABL2A, SPRY1) revealed causal effects on BMD variation. Our study provided an innovative framework and insights into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qiu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA
| | - Fangtang Yu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA
| | - Kuanjui Su
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, TN, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, OK, USA
| | - Wenxing Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, LA, USA
| | - Zun Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA; Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lanjuan Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, LA, USA
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, USA.
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Taghavifar F, Hamid M, Shariati G. Gene expression in blood from an individual with β-thalassemia: An RNA sequence analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00740. [PMID: 31134759 PMCID: PMC6625137 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptome profiling in individuals affected with β‐thalassemia, especially in individuals who carry novel mutations in the HBB, may improve our understanding of the heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms of the disease. Methods Members of a family with a daughter affected with thalassemia intermedia, although her mother was not clinically affected, were examined. We also characterized genome‐wide gene expression in the family using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high‐throughput RNA‐sequencing mRNA expression profiling of blood. Results We described the downregulation of the β‐globin gene in β‐thalassemia by RNA‐sequencing analysis using a sample from an affected individual and her mother, who have a novel mutation in the HBB that creates a cryptic donor splice site. The daughter has a typical β‐thalassemia allele as well, and an unexpectedly severe phenotype. The differentially expressed genes are enriched in pathways that are directly or indirectly related to β‐thalassemia such as hemopoiesis, heme biosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immune responses, control of circadian rhythm, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. Conclusion We compare our findings with published results of RNA‐sequencing analysis of sickle cell disease and erythroblasts from a KLF1‐null neonate with hydrops fetalis, and recognize similarities and differences in their transcriptional expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Narges Medical Genetics & PND Laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Golestan, Iran
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Roewenstrunk J, Di Vona C, Chen J, Borras E, Dong C, Arató K, Sabidó E, Huen MSY, de la Luna S. A comprehensive proteomics-based interaction screen that links DYRK1A to RNF169 and to the DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6014. [PMID: 30979931 PMCID: PMC6461666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the DYRK1A protein kinase has been associated with human disease. On the one hand, its overexpression in trisomy 21 has been linked to certain pathological traits of Down syndrome, while on the other, inactivating mutations in just one allele are responsible for a distinct yet rare clinical syndrome, DYRK1A haploinsufficiency. Moreover, altered expression of this kinase may also provoke other human pathologies, including cancer and diabetes. Although a few DYRK1A substrates have been described, its upstream regulators and downstream targets are still poorly understood, an information that could shed light on the functions of DYRK1A in the cell. Here, we carried out a proteomic screen using antibody-based affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to identify proteins that directly or indirectly bind to endogenous DYRK1A. We show that the use of a cell line not expressing DYRK1A, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, was needed in order to discriminate between true positives and non-specific interactions. Most of the proteins identified in the screen are novel candidate DYRK1A interactors linked to a variety of activities in the cell. The in-depth characterization of DYRK1A's functional interaction with one of them, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF169, revealed a role for this kinase in the DNA damage response. We found that RNF169 is a DYRK1A substrate and we identified several of its phosphorylation sites. In particular, one of these sites appears to modify the ability of RNF169 to displace 53BP1 from sites of DNA damage. Indeed, DYRK1A depletion increases cell sensitivity to ionizing irradiation. Therefore, our unbiased proteomic screen has revealed a novel activity of DYRK1A, expanding the complex role of this kinase in controlling cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Roewenstrunk
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Borras
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Arbones ML, Thomazeau A, Nakano-Kobayashi A, Hagiwara M, Delabar JM. DYRK1A and cognition: A lifelong relationship. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:199-221. [PMID: 30268771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dosage of the serine threonine kinase DYRK1A is critical in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and aging. This review analyzes the functions of this kinase by considering its interacting partners and pathways. The role of DYRK1A in controlling the differentiation of prenatal newly formed neurons is presented separately from its role at the pre- and post-synaptic levels in the adult CNS; its effects on synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Because this kinase is positioned at the crossroads of many important processes, genetic dosage errors in this protein produce devastating effects arising from DYRK1A deficiency, such as in MRD7, an autism spectrum disorder, or from DYRK1A excess, such as in Down syndrome. Effects of these errors have been shown in various animal models including Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Dysregulation of DYRK1A levels also occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, this review describes inhibitors that have been assessed in vivo. Accurate targeting of DYRK1A levels in the brain, with either inhibitors or activators, is a future research challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Arbones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aurore Thomazeau
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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Rozen EJ, Roewenstrunk J, Barallobre MJ, Di Vona C, Jung C, Figueiredo AF, Luna J, Fillat C, Arbonés ML, Graupera M, Valverde MA, de la Luna S. DYRK1A Kinase Positively Regulates Angiogenic Responses in Endothelial Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1867-1878. [PMID: 29742440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly regulated process essential for organ development and maintenance, and its deregulation contributes to inflammation, cardiac disorders, and cancer. The Ca2+/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway is central to endothelial cell angiogenic responses, and it is activated by stimuli like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A. NFAT phosphorylation by dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) is thought to be an inactivating event. Contrary to expectations, we show that the DYRK family member DYRK1A positively regulates VEGF-dependent NFAT transcriptional responses in primary endothelial cells. DYRK1A silencing reduces intracellular Ca2+ influx in response to VEGF, which dampens NFAT activation. The effect is exerted at the level of VEGFR2 accumulation leading to impairment in PLCγ1 activation. Notably, Dyrk1a heterozygous mice show defects in developmental retinal vascularization. Our data establish a regulatory circuit, DYRK1A/ Ca2+/NFAT, to fine-tune endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Rozen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Julia Roewenstrunk
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - María José Barallobre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Carole Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana F Figueiredo
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, ProCURE and Oncobell Programs, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroni Luna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria L Arbonés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, ProCURE and Oncobell Programs, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Guterman-Ram G, Pesic M, Orenbuch A, Czeiger T, Aflalo A, Levaot N. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 regulates osteoclast fusion in a cell heterotypic manner. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:617-629. [PMID: 28332708 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte fusion into osteoclasts, bone resorbing cells, plays a key role in bone remodeling and homeostasis; therefore, aberrant cell fusion may be involved in a variety of debilitating bone diseases. Research in the last decade has led to the discovery of genes that regulate osteoclast fusion, but the basic molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying the fusion process are not completely understood. Here, we reveal a role for Dyrk2 in osteoclast fusion. We demonstrate that Dyrk2 down regulation promotes osteoclast fusion, whereas its overexpression inhibits fusion. Moreover, Dyrk2 also promotes the fusion of foreign-body giant cells, indicating that Dyrk2 plays a more general role in cell fusion. In an earlier study, we showed that fusion is a cell heterotypic process initiated by fusion-founder cells that fuse to fusion-follower cells, the latter of which are unable to initiate fusion. Here, we show that Dyrk2 limits the expansion of multinucleated founder cells through the suppression of the fusion competency of follower cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Guterman-Ram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Milena Pesic
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ayelet Orenbuch
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Czeiger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anastasia Aflalo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Levaot
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Janel N, Alexopoulos P, Badel A, Lamari F, Camproux AC, Lagarde J, Simon S, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Lamourette P, Arbones M, Paul JL, Dubois B, Potier MC, Sarazin M, Delabar JM. Combined assessment of DYRK1A, BDNF and homocysteine levels as diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1154. [PMID: 28632203 PMCID: PMC5537644 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors would aid development of interventions to delay the onset of dementia, but current biomarkers are invasive and/or costly to assess. Validated plasma biomarkers would circumvent these challenges. We previously identified the kinase DYRK1A in plasma. To validate DYRK1A as a biomarker for AD diagnosis, we assessed the levels of DYRK1A and the related markers brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and homocysteine in two unrelated AD patient cohorts with age-matched controls. Receiver-operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analyses showed that combined assessment of DYRK1A, BDNF and homocysteine has a sensitivity of 0.952, a specificity of 0.889 and an accuracy of 0.933 in testing for AD. The blood levels of these markers provide a diagnosis assessment profile. Combined assessment of these three markers outperforms most of the previous markers and could become a useful substitute to the current panel of AD biomarkers. These results associate a decreased level of DYRK1A with AD and challenge the use of DYRK1A inhibitors in peripheral tissues as treatment. These measures will be useful for diagnosis purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Janel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Rion, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Badel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - F Lamari
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - A C Camproux
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J Lagarde
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - S Simon
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Feraudet-Tarisse
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Lamourette
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - B Dubois
- Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - M C Potier
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - M Sarazin
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - J M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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McElyea SD, Starbuck JM, Tumbleson-Brink DM, Harrington E, Blazek JD, Ghoneima A, Kula K, Roper RJ. Influence of prenatal EGCG treatment and Dyrk1a dosage reduction on craniofacial features associated with Down syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4856-4869. [PMID: 28172997 PMCID: PMC6049609 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (Ts21) affects craniofacial precursors in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The resultant craniofacial features in all individuals with Ts21 may significantly affect breathing, eating and speaking. Using mouse models of DS, we have traced the origin of DS-associated craniofacial abnormalities to deficiencies in neural crest cell (NCC) craniofacial precursors early in development. Hypothetically, three copies of Dyrk1a (dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A), a trisomic gene found in most humans with DS and mouse models of DS, may significantly affect craniofacial structure. We hypothesized that we could improve DS-related craniofacial abnormalities in mouse models using a Dyrk1a inhibitor or by normalizing Dyrk1a gene dosage. In vitro and in vivo treatment with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a Dyrk1a inhibitor, modulated trisomic NCC deficiencies at embryonic time points. Furthermore, prenatal EGCG treatment normalized some craniofacial phenotypes, including cranial vault in adult Ts65Dn mice. Normalization of Dyrk1a copy number in an otherwise trisomic Ts65Dn mice normalized many dimensions of the cranial vault, but did not correct all craniofacial anatomy. These data underscore the complexity of the gene–phenotype relationship in trisomy and suggest that changes in Dyrk1a expression play an important role in morphogenesis and growth of the cranial vault. These results suggest that a temporally specific prenatal therapy may be an effective way to ameliorate some craniofacial anatomical changes associated with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D McElyea
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John M Starbuck
- Department of Orthodontics and Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 W. Michigan Street, DS 250B, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Howard Phillips Hall, Room 309F, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Danika M Tumbleson-Brink
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily Harrington
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joshua D Blazek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ahmed Ghoneima
- Department of Orthodontics and Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 W. Michigan Street, DS 250B, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Kula
- Department of Orthodontics and Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 W. Michigan Street, DS 250B, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abeysekera I, Thomas J, Georgiadis TM, Berman AG, Hammond MA, Dria KJ, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Differential effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate containing supplements on correcting skeletal defects in a Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:717-726. [PMID: 26748562 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is characterized by a spectrum of phenotypes including skeletal abnormalities. The Ts65Dn DS mouse model exhibits similar skeletal phenotypes as humans with DS. DYRK1A, a kinase encoded on Hsa21, has been linked to deficiencies in bone homeostasis in DS mice and individuals with DS. Treatment with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a known inhibitor of Dyrk1a, improves some skeletal abnormalities associated with DS in mice. EGCG supplements are widely available but the effectiveness of different EGCG-containing supplements has not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Six commercially available supplements containing EGCG were analyzed, and two of these supplements were compared with pure EGCG for their impact on skeletal deficits in a DS mouse model. The results demonstrate differential effects of commercial supplements on correcting skeletal abnormalities in Ts65Dn mice. Different EGCG-containing supplements display differences in degradation, polyphenol content, and effects on trisomic bone. CONCLUSION This work suggests that the dose of EGCG and composition of EGCG-containing supplements may be important in correcting skeletal deficits associated with DS. Careful analyses of these parameters may lead to a better understanding of how to improve skeletal and other deficits that impair individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irushi Abeysekera
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jared Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taxiarchis M Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alycia G Berman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Max A Hammond
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Karl J Dria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Ji J, Lee H, Argiropoulos B, Dorrani N, Mann J, Martinez-Agosto JA, Gomez-Ospina N, Gallant N, Bernstein JA, Hudgins L, Slattery L, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, David A, Obersztyn E, Wiśniowiecka-Kowalnik B, Fox M, Deignan JL, Vilain E, Hendricks E, Horton Harr M, Noon SE, Jackson JR, Wilkens A, Mirzaa G, Salamon N, Abramson J, Zackai EH, Krantz I, Innes AM, Nelson SF, Grody WW, Quintero-Rivera F. DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1473-81. [PMID: 25944381 PMCID: PMC4613469 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A ) is a highly conserved gene located in the Down syndrome critical region. It has an important role in early development and regulation of neuronal proliferation. Microdeletions of chromosome 21q22.12q22.3 that include DYRK1A (21q22.13) are rare and only a few pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the DYRK1A gene have been described, so as of yet, the landscape of DYRK1A disruptions and their associated phenotype has not been fully explored. We have identified 14 individuals with de novo heterozygous variants of DYRK1A; five with microdeletions, three with small insertions or deletions (INDELs) and six with deleterious SNVs. The analysis of our cohort and comparison with published cases reveals that phenotypes are consistent among individuals with the 21q22.12q22.3 microdeletion and those with translocation, SNVs, or INDELs within DYRK1A. All individuals shared congenital microcephaly at birth, intellectual disability, developmental delay, severe speech impairment, short stature, and distinct facial features. The severity of the microcephaly varied from -2 SD to -5 SD. Seizures, structural brain abnormalities, eye defects, ataxia/broad-based gait, intrauterine growth restriction, minor skeletal abnormalities, and feeding difficulties were present in two-thirds of all affected individuals. Our study demonstrates that haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A results in a new recognizable syndrome, which should be considered in individuals with Angelman syndrome-like features and distinct facial features. Our report represents the largest cohort of individuals with DYRK1A disruptions to date, and is the first attempt to define consistent genotype-phenotype correlations among subjects with 21q22.13 microdeletions and DYRK1A SNVs or small INDELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Gallant
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leah Slattery
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Albert David
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Fox
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua L Deignan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Margaret Horton Harr
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Noon
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessi R Jackson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alisha Wilkens
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences–Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wayne W Grody
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Blazek JD, Abeysekera I, Li J, Roper RJ. Rescue of the abnormal skeletal phenotype in Ts65Dn Down syndrome mice using genetic and therapeutic modulation of trisomic Dyrk1a. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5687-96. [PMID: 26206885 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 causes skeletal alterations in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), but the causative trisomic gene and a therapeutic approach to rescue these abnormalities are unknown. Individuals with DS display skeletal alterations including reduced bone mineral density, modified bone structure and distinctive facial features. Due to peripheral skeletal anomalies and extended longevity, individuals with DS are increasingly more susceptible to bone fractures. Understanding the genetic and developmental origin of DS skeletal abnormalities would facilitate the development of therapies to rescue these and other deficiencies associated with DS. DYRK1A is found in three copies in individuals with DS and Ts65Dn DS mice and has been hypothesized to be involved in many Trisomy 21 phenotypes including skeletal abnormalities. Return of Dyrk1a copy number to normal levels in Ts65Dn mice rescued the appendicular bone abnormalities, suggesting that appropriate levels of DYRK1A expression are critical for the development and maintenance of the DS appendicular skeleton. Therapy using the DYRK1A inhibitor epigallocatechin-3-gallate improved Ts65Dn skeletal phenotypes. These outcomes suggest that the osteopenic phenotype associated with DS may be rescued postnatally by targeting trisomic Dyrk1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Blazek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Irushi Abeysekera
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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39
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Boeckx C, Benítez-Burraco A. Osteogenesis and neurogenesis: a robust link also for language evolution. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:291. [PMID: 26283924 PMCID: PMC4516893 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Barcelona, Spain ; Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Abbassi R, Johns TG, Kassiou M, Munoz L. DYRK1A in neurodegeneration and cancer: Molecular basis and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:87-98. [PMID: 25795597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most studied drug targets in current pharmacological research, as evidenced by the vast number of kinase-targeting agents enrolled in active clinical trials. Dual-specificity Tyrosine phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has been much less studied compared to many other kinases. DYRK1A primary function occurs during early development, where this protein regulates cellular processes related to proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Although most extensively characterised for its role in brain development, DYRK1A is over-expressed in a variety of diseases including a number of human malignancies, such as haematological and brain cancers. Here we review the accumulating molecular studies that support our understanding of how DYRK1A signalling could underlie these pathological functions. The relevance of DYRK1A in a number of diseases is also substantiated with intensive drug discovery efforts to develop potent and selective inhibitors of DYRK1A. Several classes of DYRK1A inhibitors have recently been disclosed and some molecules are promising leads to develop DYRK1A inhibitors as drugs for DYRK1A-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Abbassi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Blazek JD, Malik AM, Tischbein M, Arbones ML, Moore CS, Roper RJ. Abnormal mineralization of the Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse appendicular skeleton begins during embryonic development in a Dyrk1a-independent manner. Mech Dev 2015; 136:133-42. [PMID: 25556111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between gene dosage imbalance and phenotypes associated with Trisomy 21, including the etiology of abnormal bone phenotypes linked to Down syndrome (DS), is not well understood. The Ts65Dn mouse model for DS exhibits appendicular skeletal defects during adolescence and adulthood but the developmental and genetic origin of these phenotypes remains unclear. It is hypothesized that the postnatal Ts65Dn skeletal phenotype originates during embryonic development and results from an increased Dyrk1a gene copy number, a gene hypothesized to play a critical role in many DS phenotypes. Ts65Dn embryos exhibit a lower percent bone volume in the E17.5 femur when compared to euploid embryos. Concomitant with gene copy number, qPCR analysis revealed a ~1.5 fold increase in Dyrk1a transcript levels in the Ts65Dn E17.5 embryonic femur as compared to euploid. Returning Dyrk1a copy number to euploid levels in Ts65Dn, Dyrk1a(+/-) embryos did not correct the trisomic skeletal phenotype but did return Dyrk1a gene transcript levels to normal. The size and protein expression patterns of the cartilage template during embryonic bone development appear to be unaffected at E14.5 and E17.5 in trisomic embryos. Taken together, these data suggest that the dosage imbalance of genes other than Dyrk1a is involved in the development of the prenatal bone phenotype in Ts65Dn embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Blazek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ahmed M Malik
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, PO Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Maria L Arbones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB- CSIC, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Clara S Moore
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, PO Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Di Vona C, Bezdan D, Islam ABMMK, Salichs E, López-Bigas N, Ossowski S, de la Luna S. Chromatin-wide profiling of DYRK1A reveals a role as a gene-specific RNA polymerase II CTD kinase. Mol Cell 2015; 57:506-20. [PMID: 25620562 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DYRK1A is a dosage-sensitive protein kinase that fulfills key roles during development and in tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation results in human pathologies. DYRK1A is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of mammalian cells, although its nuclear function remains unclear. Genome-wide analysis of DYRK1A-associated loci reveals that the kinase is recruited preferentially to promoters of genes actively transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which are functionally associated with translation, RNA processing, and cell cycle. DYRK1A-bound promoter sequences are highly enriched in a conserved palindromic motif, which is necessary to drive DYRK1A-dependent transcriptional activation. DYRK1A phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAPII at Ser2 and Ser5. Depletion of DYRK1A results in reduced association of RNAPII at the target promoters as well as hypophosphorylation of the RNAPII CTD along the target gene bodies. These results are consistent with DYRK1A being a transcriptional regulator by acting as a CTD kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Vona
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Eulàlia Salichs
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Nuria López-Bigas
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Kang JH, Ko HM, Moon JS, Yoo HI, Jung JY, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Kim SH. Osteoprotegerin expressed by osteoclasts: an autoregulator of osteoclastogenesis. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1116-23. [PMID: 25256714 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is secreted by stromal and osteoblastic lineage cells and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by preventing the interaction of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK). In this study, the expression of OPG in osteoclasts themselves and its biological functions during osteoclastogenesis were investigated for the first time. OPG expression in vivo in the developing rat maxilla was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. OPG expression in osteoclasts during in vitro osteoclastogenesis was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. We determined the function of OPG produced by osteoclasts during osteoclastogenesis by silencing the OPG gene. The effects of OPG on bone-resorbing activity and apoptosis of mature osteoclasts were examined by the assay of resorptive pit formation on calcium-phosphate-coated plate and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. In the immunofluorescence findings, strong immunoreactivities were unexpectedly seen in multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts around the growing and erupting tooth germs in the rat alveolar bone. In vitro, OPG expression was significantly increased during the differentiation of osteoclasts from mouse bone-marrow-derived cells treated with a combination of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL. Interestingly, it was found that OPG small interfering (si)RNA treatment during osteoclastogenesis enhanced the sizes of osteoclasts, but attenuated their bone-resorbing activity. Also, the increased chromosomal DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity in the late phase of osteoclastogenesis were found to be decreased by treatment with OPG siRNA. Furthermore, effects of OPG siRNA treatment on osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorbing activity were recovered by the treatment of exogenous OPG. These results suggest that OPG, expressed by the osteoclasts themselves, may play an auto-regulatory role in the late phase of osteoclastogenesis through the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H M Ko
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Korea
| | - J S Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H I Yoo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J Y Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J T Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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44
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Liu Q, Liu N, Zang S, Liu H, Wang P, Ji C, Sun X. Tumor suppressor DYRK1A effects on proliferation and chemoresistance of AML cells by downregulating c-Myc. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98853. [PMID: 24901999 PMCID: PMC4047119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), caused by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, is one of the most common malignancies in adults. We reported here DYRK1A expression level was reduced in the bone marrow of adult AML patients, comparing to normal controls. Overexpression of DYRK1A inhibited the proliferation of AML cell lines by increasing the proportion of cells undergoing G0/G1 phase. We reasoned that the proliferative inhibition was due to downregulation of c-Myc by DYRK1A, through mediating its degradation. Moreover, overexpression of c-Myc markedly reversed AML cell growth inhibition induced by DYRK1A. DYRK1A also had significantly lower expression in relapsed/refractory AML patients, comparing to newly-diagnosed AML patients, which indicated the role of DYRK1A in chemoresistance of AML. Our study provided functional evidences for DYRK1A as a potential tumor suppressor in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Recurrence
- Young Adult
- Dyrk Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Key Lab of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaolei Zang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Lab of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Key Lab of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Key Lab of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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45
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Park CK, Lee Y, Kim KH, Lee ZH, Joo M, Kim HH. Nrf2 is a novel regulator of bone acquisition. Bone 2014; 63:36-46. [PMID: 24521946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in the expression of cytoprotective genes induced by external stresses. We investigated the role of Nrf2 in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Nrf2 knockdown or deletion increased osteoclastic differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) through the upregulation of NF-κB, c-Fos, and NFATc1 transcription factors. Nrf2 also inhibited osteoblast differentiation and mineralization via suppression of key regulatory proteins, such as Runx2, osteocalcin, and osterix. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses showed an increase in bone mass of Nrf2 knockout compared to that of wild type mice. In addition, the mineral apposition rate and the number of osteoblasts in bone were higher in Nrf2 knockout mice. However, bone resorption parameters, namely DPD and CTX levels, were not affected by Nrf2 deletion. In a coculture condition where calvarial osteoblasts and BMMs from wild type and Nrf2 knockout mice were grown, deletion of Nrf2 in osteoblasts markedly reduced osteoclast formation. This effect was due to an increase in OPG expression in Nrf2 knockout osteoblasts. Taken as a whole, these results indicate that Nrf2 is intrinsically inhibitory to both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation but its effect on osteoblasts is dominant to its effect on osteoclasts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Kyu Park
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Ha Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoo Joo
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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Lee Y, Kim HJ, Park CK, Kim YG, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Kim HH. MicroRNA-124 regulates osteoclast differentiation. Bone 2013; 56:383-9. [PMID: 23867221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are specialized cells for bone-resorption originated from precursors of macrophage/monocyte lineage. The receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) initiates osteoclast differentiation, in which nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) plays a key role as a master transcription factor. In the present report, we show that microRNA-124 (miR-124) regulates osteoclastogenesis of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by suppressing NFATc1 expression. On the other hand, synthetic inhibitor that binds specifically to miR-124 enhanced osteoclast differentiation and NFATc1 expression. The overexpression of a constitutively active form of NFATc1 prevented the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on osteoclastogenesis. Finally, miR-124 also affected the proliferation and motility of osteoclast precursors, the latter coinciding with the reduced expression of RhoA and Rac1. These findings not only reveal unprecedented role of miR-124 in osteoclastogenesis but also suggest a novel mode of regulation of NFATc1 in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Republic of Korea.
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Soundararajan M, Roos A, Savitsky P, Filippakopoulos P, Kettenbach A, Olsen J, Gerber S, Eswaran J, Knapp S, Elkins J. Structures of Down syndrome kinases, DYRKs, reveal mechanisms of kinase activation and substrate recognition. Structure 2013; 21:986-96. [PMID: 23665168 PMCID: PMC3677093 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) play key roles in brain development, regulation of splicing, and apoptosis, and are potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. We present crystal structures of one representative member of each DYRK subfamily: DYRK1A with an ATP-mimetic inhibitor and consensus peptide, and DYRK2 including NAPA and DH (DYRK homology) box regions. The current activation model suggests that DYRKs are Ser/Thr kinases that only autophosphorylate the second tyrosine of the activation loop YxY motif during protein translation. The structures explain the roles of this tyrosine and of the DH box in DYRK activation and provide a structural model for DYRK substrate recognition. Phosphorylation of a library of naturally occurring peptides identified substrate motifs that lack proline in the P+1 position, suggesting that DYRK1A is not a strictly proline-directed kinase. Our data also show that DYRK1A wild-type and Y321F mutant retain tyrosine autophosphorylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Soundararajan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Annette K. Roos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Department of Proteomics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jeyanthy Eswaran
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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48
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Solzak JP, Liang Y, Zhou FC, Roper RJ. Commonality in Down and fetal alcohol syndromes. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2013; 97:187-97. [PMID: 23554291 PMCID: PMC4096968 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) are two leading causes of birth defects with phenotypes ranging from craniofacial abnormalities to cognitive impairment. Despite different origins, we report that in addition to sharing many phenotypes, DS and FAS may have common underlying mechanisms of development. METHODS Literature was surveyed for DS and FAS as well as mouse models. Gene expression and apoptosis were compared in embryonic mouse models of DS and FAS by qPCR, immunohistochemical and immunoflurorescence analyses. The craniometry was examined using MicroCT at postnatal day 21. RESULTS A literature survey revealed over 20 comparable craniofacial and structural deficits in both humans with DS and FAS and corresponding mouse models. Similar phenotypes were experimentally found in pre- and postnatal craniofacial and neurological tissues of DS and FAS mice. Dysregulation of two genes, Dyrk1a and Rcan1, key to craniofacial and neurological precursors of DS, was shared in craniofacial precursors of DS and FAS embryos. Increased cleaved caspase 3 expression was also discovered in comparable regions of the craniofacial and brain precursors of DS and FAS embryos. Further mechanistic studies suggested overexpression of trisomic Ttc3 in DS embyros may influence nuclear pAkt localization and cell survival. CONCLUSIONS This first and initial study indicates that DS and FAS share common dysmorphologies in humans and animal models. This work also suggests common mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels that are disrupted by trisomy or alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lead to craniofacial and neurological phenotypes associated with DS or FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Solzak
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Feng C. Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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49
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Kim HJ, Prasad V, Hyung SW, Lee ZH, Lee SW, Bhargava A, Pearce D, Lee Y, Kim HH. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase regulates bone mass by fine-tuning osteoclast differentiation and survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 199:1145-58. [PMID: 23266958 PMCID: PMC3529522 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201204067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane calcium ATPases PMCA1 and PMCA4 regulate osteoclast differentiation and survival by regulating NFATc1 and NO. The precise regulation of Ca2+ dynamics is crucial for proper differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Here we show the involvement of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) isoforms 1 and 4 in osteoclastogenesis. In immature/undifferentiated cells, PMCAs inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand–induced Ca2+ oscillations and osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1) directly stimulated PMCA transcription, whereas the PMCA-mediated Ca2+ efflux prevented NFATc1 activation, forming a negative regulatory loop. PMCA4 also had an anti-osteoclastogenic effect by reducing NO, which facilitates preosteoclast fusion. In addition to their role in immature cells, increased expression of PMCAs in mature osteoclasts prevented osteoclast apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mice heterozygous for PMCA1 or null for PMCA4 showed an osteopenic phenotype with more osteoclasts on bone surface. Furthermore, PMCA4 expression levels correlated with peak bone mass in premenopausal women. Thus, our results suggest that PMCAs play important roles for the regulation of bone homeostasis in both mice and humans by modulating Ca2+ signaling in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Lee Y, Kim HJ, Park CK, Kim WS, Lee ZH, Kim HH. Novel extraneural role of neurite outgrowth inhibitor A: modulation of osteoclastogenesis via positive feedback regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1043-54. [PMID: 22392845 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells differentiated from macrophage/monocyte lineage precursors upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation. In a proteomic approach to identify proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis, we observed a dramatic increase in the expression of neurite outgrowth inhibitor A (Nogo-A) upon RANKL stimulation of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1)-dependent manner. The knockdown of Nogo-A in BMMs significantly reduced RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation accompanied by diminished NFATc1 induction, suggesting that a positive feedback mechanism is involved. Conversely, Nogo-A overexpression in BMMs as well as in RAW264.7 macrophages greatly augmented osteoclastogenesis, with concomitant increase in the NFATc1 induction. Both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and calcium oscillation, which are central to RANKL-dependent NFATc1 activation and induction, were enhanced by Nogo-A. Finally, Nogo-A knockdown in mouse calvariae prevented interleukin 1 (IL-1)-induced bone loss. These findings not only reveal an unprecedented extraneural role of Nogo-A in osteoclastogenesis but also suggest a novel drug target against bone-lytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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