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Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38727275 PMCID: PMC11083179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways. Here, we specifically highlight ABC transporters involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and their implications in its metabolic regulation. We also show new aspects related to ABC transporter function found in less recognized diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding both their impact on the physiological regulation of the CNS and their roles in brain diseases holds promise for uncovering new therapeutic options. Further investigations and preclinical studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between glial ABC transporters and physiological brain functions, potentially leading to effective therapeutic interventions also for rare CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villa
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Hansen
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM)/Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia (LU), Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv IL-6997801, Israel
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Schröter L, Jentsch L, Maglioni S, Muñoz-Juan A, Wahle T, Limke A, von Mikecz A, Laromaine A, Ventura N. A Multisystemic Approach Revealed Aminated Polystyrene Nanoparticles-Induced Neurotoxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302907. [PMID: 37899301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to plastic nanoparticles has dramatically increased in the last 50 years, and there is evidence that plastic nanoparticles can be absorbed by organisms and cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). However, their toxic effects, especially on the nervous system, have not yet been extensively investigated, and most of the knowledge is based on studies using different conditions and systems, thus hard to compare. In this work, physicochemical properties of non-modified polystyrene (PS) and amine-functionalized PS (PS-NH2 ) nanoparticles are initially characterized. Advantage of a multisystemic approach is then taken to compare plastic nanoparticles effects in vitro, through cytotoxic readouts in mammalian cell culture, and in vivo, through behavioral readouts in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a powerful 3R-complying model organism for toxicology studies. In vitro experiments in neuroblastoma cells indicate a specific cytotoxic effect of PS-NH2 particles, including a decreased neuronal differentiation and an increased Amyloid β (Aβ) secretion, a sensitive readout correlating with Alzheimer's disease pathology. In parallel, only in vivo treatments with PS-NH2 particles affect C. elegans development, decrease lifespan, and reveal higher sensitivity of animals expressing human Aβ compared to wild-type animals. In summary, the multisystemic approach discloses a neurotoxic effect induced by aminated polystyrene nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schröter
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Jentsch
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Amanda Muñoz-Juan
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Tina Wahle
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Limke
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna von Mikecz
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Bydlowski SP, Levy D. Association of ABCG5 and ABCG8 Transporters with Sitosterolemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:31-42. [PMID: 38036873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Sitosterolemia is a rare genetic lipid disorder, mainly characterized by the accumulation of dietary xenosterols in plasma and tissues. It is caused by inactivating mutations in either ABCG5 or ABCG8 subunits, a subfamily-G ATP-binding cassette (ABCG) transporters. ABCG5/G8 encodes a pair of ABC half transporters that form a heterodimer (G5G8). This heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporter, ABCG5/G8, is responsible for the hepatobiliary and transintestinal secretion of cholesterol and dietary plant sterols to the surface of hepatocytes and enterocytes, promoting the secretion of cholesterol and xenosterols into the bile and the intestinal lumen. In this way, ABCG5/G8 function in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and mediate the efflux of cholesterol and xenosterols to high-density lipoprotein and bile salt micelles, respectively. Here, we review the biological characteristics and function of ABCG5/G8, and how the mutations of ABCG5/G8 can cause sitosterolemia, a loss-of-function disorder characterized by plant sterol accumulation and premature atherosclerosis, among other features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine (INCT-Regenera) CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Debora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for membrane transporters, of which several are involved in drug resistance and disease pathways resulting from transporter dysfunction. Over the last decade, advances in structural biology have vastly expanded our mechanistic understanding of human ABC transporter function, revealing details of their molecular arrangement, regulation, and interactions, facilitated in large part by advances in cryo-EM that have rendered hitherto inaccessible targets amenable to high-resolution structural analysis. As a result, experimentally determined structures of multiple members of each of the five families of ABC transporters in humans are now available. Here we review this recent progress, highlighting the physiological relevance of human ABC transporters and mechanistic insights gleaned from their direct structure determination. We also discuss the impact and limitations of model systems and structure prediction methods in understanding human ABC transporters and discuss current challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alam
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;
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Bossaerts L, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:31. [PMID: 35477481 PMCID: PMC9044696 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, clinically characterized by memory deficits and progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research effective therapies are lacking, and a large part of the genetic heritability remains unidentified. ABCA7 and ABCA1, members of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA), were identified as AD risk genes in genome-wide association studies. Nevertheless, genetic and/or functional studies propose a link between AD and two other members of the ABCA subclass, i.e., ABCA2 and ABCA5. Main body Changes in expression or dysfunction of these transporters were found to increase amyloid β levels. This might be related to the common role of ABCA transporters in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, for which a prominent role in AD development has been suggested. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion on the contribution of the ABCA subfamily to the etiopathogenesis of AD. Conclusions A better understanding of the function and identification of disease-associated genetic variants in ABCA transporters can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Bossaerts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Aykac A, Sehirli AÖ. The Function and Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Proteins in the Alzheimer's Disease. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:149-155. [PMID: 34877572 PMCID: PMC8635834 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many years of research, radical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has still not been found. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. AD is characterized by three main changes occurring in the central nervous system: (1) Aβ plaque accumulation that prevents synaptic communication, (2) the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that inhibit the transport of molecules inside neurons, and (3) neuronal cell loss of the limbic system. Mechanisms leading to Aβ accumulation in AD are excessive Aβ production as a result of mutations in amyloid precursor protein or genes, and impairment of clearance of Aβ due to changes in Aβ aggregation properties and/or Aβ removal processes. Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are expressed in astrocyte, microglia, neuron, brain capillary endothelial cell, choroid plexus, choroid plexus epithelial cell, and ventricular ependymal cell. ABC transporters have essential detoxification and neuroprotective roles in the brain. The expression and functional changes in ABC transporters contribute to the accumulation of Aβ peptide. In conclusion, the review was aimed to summarize and highlight accumulated evidence in the literature focusing on the changing functions of human ABC transporter members, in AD pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aykac
- Department of Biophysics, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ahmet Özer Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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7
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ATP-binding cassette transporters and neurodegenerative diseases. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:1013-1024. [PMID: 34415015 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest groups of transporter families in humans. ABC transporters mediate the translocation of a diverse range of substrates across cellular membranes, including amino acids, nucleosides, lipids, sugars and xenobiotics. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of brain diseases that detrimentally affect neurons and other brain cells and are usually associated with deposits of pathogenic proteins in the brain. Major neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ABC transporters are highly expressed in the brain and have been implicated in a number of pathological processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases. This review outlines the current understanding of the role of ABC transporters in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on some of the most important pathways, and also suggests future directions for research in this field.
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The Interplay of ABC Transporters in Aβ Translocation and Cholesterol Metabolism: Implicating Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1564-1582. [PMID: 33215389 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide has been progressively accelerating at an alarming rate, without any successful therapeutic strategy for the disease mitigation. The complexity of AD pathogenesis needs to be targeted with an alternative approach, as provided by the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which constitutes an extensive range of proteins, capable of transporting molecular entities across biological membranes. These protein moieties have been implicated in AD, based upon their potential in lipid transportation, resulting in maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. These transporters have been reported to target the primary hallmark of AD pathogenesis, namely, beta-amyloid hypothesis, which is associated with accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in AD patients. The ABC transporters have been observed to be localized to the capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier and neural parenchymal cells, where they exhibit different roles, consequently influencing the neuronal expression of Aβ peptides. The review highlights different families of ABC transporters, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), ABCA (ABCA1, ABCA2, and ABCA7), ABCG2 (BCRP; breast cancer resistance protein), ABCG1 and ABCG4, as well as ABCC1 (MRP; multidrug resistance protein) in the CNS, and their interplay in regulating cholesterol metabolism and Aβ peptide load in the brain, simultaneously exerting protective effects against neurotoxic substrates and xenobiotics. The authors aim to establish the significance of this alternative approach as a novel therapeutic target in AD, to provide the researchers an opportunity to evaluate the potential aspects of ABC transporters in AD treatment.
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Escamilla-Ayala A, Wouters R, Sannerud R, Annaert W. Contribution of the Presenilins in the cell biology, structure and function of γ-secretase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 105:12-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Kao YC, Ho PC, Tu YK, Jou IM, Tsai KJ. Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041505. [PMID: 32098382 PMCID: PMC7073164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as the basic component of cell membranes, play an important role in human health as well as brain function. The brain is highly enriched in lipids, and disruption of lipid homeostasis is related to neurologic disorders as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is associated with changes in lipid composition. Alterations of fatty acids at the level of lipid rafts and cerebral lipid peroxidation were found in the early stage of AD. Genetic and environmental factors such as apolipoprotein and lipid transporter carrying status and dietary lipid content are associated with AD. Insight into the connection between lipids and AD is crucial to unraveling the metabolic aspects of this puzzling disease. Recent advances in lipid analytical methodology have led us to gain an in-depth understanding on lipids. As a result, lipidomics have becoming a hot topic of investigation in AD, in order to find biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prevention, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254; Fax: +886-6-275-8781
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Jha NK, Kar R, Niranjan R. ABC Transporters in Neurological Disorders: An Important Gateway for Botanical Compounds Mediated Neuro-Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:795-811. [PMID: 30977450 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a distinguishing feature of many age related disorders and other vector borne neuroinflammatory diseases. There are a number of factors that can modulate the pathology of these disorders. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are primarily involved in the maintenance of normal brain homeostasis by eliminating toxic peptides and compounds from the brain. Also, ABC transporters protect the brain from the unwanted effects of endogenous and exogenous toxins that can enter the brain parenchyma. Therefore, these transporters have the ability to determine the pathological outcomes of several neurological disorders. For instance, ABC transporters like P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), and BCRP (ABCG2) have been reported to facilitate the clearance of peptides such as amyloid-β (Aβ) that accumulate in the brain during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Other members such as ABCA1, ABCA2, ABCC8, ABCC9, ABCG1 and ABCG4 also have been reported to be involved in the progression of various brain disorders such as HIV-associated dementia, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Ischemic stroke, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and Epilepsy. However, these defective transporters can be targeted by numerous botanical compounds such as Verapamil, Berberine and Fascalpsyn as a therapeutic target to treat these neurological outcomes. These compounds are already reported to modulate ABC transporter activity in the CNS. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms involving the ABC transporters role in normal brain functioning, their role in neuronal dysfunction and how these botanical compounds ensure and facilitate their therapeutic action in association with defective transporters still remain elusive. This review therefore, summarizes the role of ABC transporters in neurological disorders, with a special emphasis on its role in AD brains. The prospect of using botanical/natural compounds as modulators of ABC transporters in neurological disorders is discussed in the latter half of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (NIET), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rohan Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (NIET), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rituraj Niranjan
- Unit of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry-605006, India
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Erdő F, Krajcsi P. Age-Related Functional and Expressional Changes in Efflux Pathways at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:196. [PMID: 31417399 PMCID: PMC6682691 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, several articles have reported a relationship between advanced age and changes in the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These changes were manifested not only in the morphology and structure of the cerebral microvessels but also in the expression and function of the transporter proteins in the luminal and basolateral surfaces of the capillary endothelial cells. Age-associated downregulation of the efflux pumps ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) resulted in increased permeability and greater brain exposure to different xenobiotics and their possible toxicity. In age-related neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance decreased due to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) dysfunction, leading to higher brain exposure. In stroke, however, an enhanced P-gp function was reported in the cerebral capillaries, making it even more difficult to perform effective neuroprotective therapy in the infarcted brain area. This mini-review article focuses on the efflux functions of the transporters and receptors of the BBB in age-related brain pathologies and also in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Krajcsi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.,Solvo Biotechnology, A Charles River Company, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Pereira CD, Martins F, Wiltfang J, da Cruz e Silva OA, Rebelo S. ABC Transporters Are Key Players in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 61:463-485. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Odete A.B. da Cruz e Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Davis W, Tew KD. ATP-binding cassette transporter-2 (ABCA2) as a therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:188-200. [PMID: 29223352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA2 is primarily an endolysosomal membrane protein that demonstrates pleiotropic functionalities, coalescing around the maintenance of homeostasis of sterols, sphingolipids and cholesterol. It is most highly expressed in brain tissue and ABCA2 knockout mice express neurological defects consistent with aberrant myelination. Increased expression of the transporter has been linked with resistance to cancer drugs, particularly those possessing a steroid backbone and gene expression (in concert with other genes involved in cholesterol metabolism) was found to be regulated by sterols. Moreover, in macrophages ABCA2 is influenced by sterols and has a role in regulating cholesterol sequestration, potentially important in cardiovascular disease. Accumulating data indicate the critical importance of ABCA2 in mediating movement of sphingolipids within cellular compartments and these have been implicated in various aspects of cholesterol trafficking. Perhaps because the functions of ABCA2 are linked with membrane building blocks, there are reports linking it with human pathologies, including, cholesterolemias and cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and cancer. The present review addresses whether there is now sufficient information to consider ABCA2 as a plausible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Davis
- Dept. of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Dept. of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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15
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Aberuyi N, Rahgozar S, Khosravi Dehaghi Z, Moafi A, Masotti A, Paolini A. The translational expression of ABCA2 and ABCA3 is a strong prognostic biomarker for multidrug resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3373-3380. [PMID: 28744141 PMCID: PMC5513879 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this work was to study the correlation between the expressions of the ABCA2 and ABCA3 genes at the mRNA and protein levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the effects of this association on multidrug resistance (MDR). Materials and methods Sixty-nine children with de novo ALL and 25 controls were enrolled in the study. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone marrow. The mRNA levels of ABCA2 and ABCA3 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples with high mRNA levels were assessed for respective protein levels by Western blotting. Following the first year of treatment, persistent monoclonality of T-cell gamma receptors or immunoglobulin H (IgH) gene rearrangement was assessed and considered as the MDR. The tertiary structure of ABCA2 was predicted using Phyre2 and I-TASSER web systems and compared to that of ABCA3, which has been previously reported. Molecular docking was performed using DOCK 6.7. Results Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed high levels of ABCA2 and ABCA3 mRNAs in 13 and 17 samples, respectively. Among them, five and eight individuals demonstrated high levels of ABCA2 and ABCA3, respectively. Response to chemotherapy was significantly decreased (P=0.001) when the mRNA and protein of both genes were overexpressed compared to individuals with high transcriptional levels of either ABCA2 or ABCA3 alone. Close similarity between ABCA2 and ABCA3 structures was revealed by protein tertiary structure prediction, whereas molecular docking analysis suggested similar binding of chemotherapy drugs and therefore a potentially similar role in determining the MDR. Conclusion Our findings suggested, for the first time, that quantification of the protein level of ABCA2 and ABCA3 transporters had a prognostic impact on pediatric ALL MDR. Furthermore, the tertiary structure of ABCA2 was predicted for the first time, and docking analysis revealed a possible compensatory effect between ABCA2 and ABCA3 transporters, which may contribute to the efflux of cytotoxic drugs and, ultimately, to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Aberuyi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan
| | | | - Alireza Moafi
- Department of Pediatric-Hematology-Oncology, Sayed-ol-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Duarte AC, Hrynchak MV, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Santos CRA. Sex Hormone Decline and Amyloid β Synthesis, Transport and Clearance in the Brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27632792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones (SH) are essential regulators of the central nervous system. The decline in SH levels along with ageing may contribute to compromised neuroprotection and set the grounds for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. In Alzheimer's disease, besides other pathological features, there is an imbalance between amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, leading to its accumulation in the brain of older subjects. Aβ accumulation is a primary cause for brain inflammation and degeneration, as well as concomitant cognitive decline. There is mounting evidence that SH modulate Aβ production, transport and clearance. Importantly, SH regulate most of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, their transport across brain barriers for elimination, and their degradation in the brain interstitial fluid. This review brings together data on the regulation of Aβ production, metabolism, degradation and clearance by SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M V Hrynchak
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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17
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Davis W. The ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-2 (ABCA2) Overexpression Modulates Sphingosine Levels and Transcription of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Gene. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 12:847-59. [PMID: 26510981 DOI: 10.2174/156720501209151019105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter-2 (ABCA2) is a member of a family of multipass transmembrane proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport substrates across membrane bilayers. ABCA2 has also been genetically linked with Alzheimer's disease but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this report, we hypothesized that ABCA2 modulation of sphingolipid metabolism activates a signaling pathway that regulates amyloid precursor protein transcription. We found that ABCA2 overexpression in N2a cells was associated with increased mass of the sphingolipid sphingosine, derived from the catabolism of ceramide. ABCA2 overexpression increased in vitro alkaline and acid ceramidase activity. Sphingosine is a physiological inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Pharmacological inhibition of ceramidase activity or activation PKC activity with 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) decreased endogenous APP mRNA levels in ABCA2 overexpressing cells. Treatment with PMA also decreased the expression of a transfected human APP promoter reporter construct, while treatment with a general PKC inhibitor, GF109203x, increased APP promoter activity. In N2a cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that a repressive complex forms at the AP-1 site in the human APP promoter, consisting of c-jun, c-jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) and HDAC3 and this complex was reduced in ABCA2 overexpressing cells. Activation of the human APP promoter in A2 cells was directed by the upstream stimulatory factors USF-1 and USF-2 that bound to an E-box element in vivo. These findings indicate that ABCA2 overexpression modulates sphingosine levels and regulates transcription of the endogenous APP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Davis
- Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, MSC 505, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA.
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18
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Alzheimer disease: modeling an Aβ-centered biological network. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:861-71. [PMID: 27021818 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In genetically complex diseases, the search for missing heritability is focusing on rare variants with large effect. Thanks to next generation sequencing technologies, genome-wide characterization of these variants is now feasible in every individual. However, a lesson from current studies is that collapsing rare variants at the gene level is often insufficient to obtain a statistically significant signal in case-control studies, and that network-based analyses are an attractive complement to classical approaches. In Alzheimer disease (AD), according to the prevalent amyloid cascade hypothesis, the pathology is driven by the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In past years, based on experimental studies, several hundreds of proteins have been shown to interfere with Aβ production, clearance, aggregation or toxicity. Thanks to a manual curation of the literature, we identified 335 genes/proteins involved in this biological network and classified them according to their cellular function. The complete list of genes, or its subcomponents, will be of interest in ongoing AD genetic studies.
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Satoh K, Abe-Dohmae S, Yokoyama S, St George-Hyslop P, Fraser PE. ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) loss of function alters Alzheimer amyloid processing. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24152-65. [PMID: 26260791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) has been identified as a susceptibility factor of late onset Alzheimer disease in genome-wide association studies. ABCA7 has been shown to mediate phagocytosis and affect membrane trafficking. The current study examined the impact of ABCA7 loss of function on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and generation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Suppression of endogenous ABCA7 in several different cell lines resulted in increased β-secretase cleavage and elevated Aβ. ABCA7 knock-out mice displayed an increased production of endogenous murine amyloid Aβ42 species. Crossing ABCA7-deficient animals to an APP transgenic model resulted in significant increases in the soluble Aβ as compared with mice expressing normal levels of ABCA7. Only modest changes in the amount of insoluble Aβ and amyloid plaque densities were observed once the amyloid pathology was well developed, whereas Aβ deposition was enhanced in younger animals. In vitro studies indicated a more rapid endocytosis of APP in ABCA7 knock-out cells that is mechanistically consistent with the increased Aβ production. These in vitro and in vivo findings indicate a direct role of ABCA7 in amyloid processing that may be associated with its primary biological function to regulate endocytic pathways. Several potential loss-of-function ABCA7 mutations and deletions linked to Alzheimer disease that in some instances have a greater impact than apoE allelic variants have recently been identified. A reduction in ABCA7 expression or loss of function would be predicted to increase amyloid production and that may be a contributing factor in the associated Alzheimer disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanayo Satoh
- From the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada,
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- From the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Fraser
- From the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, and
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20
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Steinberg KM, Yu B, Koboldt DC, Mardis ER, Pamphlett R. Exome sequencing of case-unaffected-parents trios reveals recessive and de novo genetic variants in sporadic ALS. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9124. [PMID: 25773295 PMCID: PMC4360641 DOI: 10.1038/srep09124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of genetic variants to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains largely unknown. Either recessive or de novo variants could result in an apparently sporadic occurrence of ALS. In an attempt to find such variants we sequenced the exomes of 44 ALS-unaffected-parents trios. Rare and potentially damaging compound heterozygous variants were found in 27% of ALS patients, homozygous recessive variants in 14% and coding de novo variants in 27%. In 20% of patients more than one of the above variants was present. Genes with recessive variants were enriched in nucleotide binding capacity, ATPase activity, and the dynein heavy chain. Genes with de novo variants were enriched in transcription regulation and cell cycle processes. This trio study indicates that rare private recessive variants could be a mechanism underlying some case of sporadic ALS, and that de novo mutations are also likely to play a part in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- The Stacey MND Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Pahnke J, Fröhlich C, Paarmann K, Krohn M, Bogdanovic N, Årsland D, Winblad B. Cerebral ABC Transporter-common Mechanisms May Modulate Neurodegenerative Diseases and Depression in Elderly Subjects. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:738-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Wang K, Xiang XH, Qiao N, Qi JY, Lin LB, Zhang R, Shou XJ, Ping XJ, Han JS, Han JD, Zhao GP, Cui CL. Genomewide analysis of rat periaqueductal gray-dorsal horn reveals time-, region- and frequency-specific mRNA expression changes in response to electroacupuncture stimulation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6713. [PMID: 25346229 PMCID: PMC4209446 DOI: 10.1038/srep06713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely applied for illness prevention, treatment or rehabilitation in the clinic, especially for pain management. However, the molecular events that induce these changes remain largely uncharacterized. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the spinal dorsal horn (DH) have been verified as two critical regions in the response to EA stimulation in EA analgesia. In this study, a genetic screen was conducted to delineate the gene expression profile in the PAG-DH regions of rats to explore the molecular events of the analgesic effect induced by low-frequency (2-Hz) and high-frequency (100-Hz) EAs. Microarray analysis at two different time points after EA stimulation revealed time-, region- and frequency-specific gene expression changes. These expression differences suggested that modulation of neural-immune interaction in the central nervous system played an important role during EA analgesia. Furthermore, low-frequency EA could regulate gene expression to a greater degree than high-frequency EA. Altogether, the present study offers, for the first time, a characterized transcriptional response pattern in the PAG-DH regions followed by EA stimulation and, thus, provides a solid experimental framework for future in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying EA-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- 1] Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China [2] Laboratory of Integrative Medicine Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xiang
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission; Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun-Yi Qi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Bo Lin
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission; Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-jing Shou
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission; Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing-Jie Ping
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission; Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission; Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Dong Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cai-Lian Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission; Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Aberuyi N, Rahgozar S, Moafi A. The role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A2 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia multidrug resistance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY 2014; 4:118-26. [PMID: 25254091 PMCID: PMC4173032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most prevalent hematologic malignancies in children. Although the cure rate of ALL has improved over the past decades, the most important reason for ALL treatment failure is multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon. The current study aims to explain the mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance of childhood ALL, and introduces ATP-binding cassette transporterA2 (ABCA2) as an ABC transporter gene which may have a high impact on MDR. Benefiting from articles published inreputable journals from1994 to date and experiments newly performed by our group, a comprehensive review is written about ABCA2 and its role in MDR regarding childhood ALL. ABCA2 transports drugs from the cytoplasm into the lysosomal compartment, where they may become degraded and exported from the cell. The aforementioned mechanism may contribute to MDR. It has been reported that ABCA2 may induce resistance to mitoxantrone, estrogen derivatives and estramustine. It is resistant to the aforementioned compounds. Furthermore, the overexpression ofABCA2 in methotrexate, vinblastine and/or doxorubicin treated Jurkat cells are observed in several publications. The recent study of our group showsthatthe overexpression ofABCA2 gene in children with ALL increases the risk of MDR by 15 times. ABCA2 is the second identified member of the ABCA; ABC transporters' subfamily. ABCA2 gene expression profile is suggested to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in ALL treatment. Better understanding of the MDR mechanisms and the factors involved may improve the therapeutic outcome of ALL by modifying the treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aberuyi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Rahgozar
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Moafi
- Department of Paediatric-Oncology, SayedolShohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Evaluation of traditional medicines for neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:967462. [PMID: 24790636 PMCID: PMC3984789 DOI: 10.1155/2014/967462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila is one of the oldest and most powerful genetic models and has led to novel insights into a variety of biological processes. Recently, Drosophila has emerged as a model system to study human diseases, including several important neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the genomic similarity between Drosophila and humans, Drosophila neurodegenerative disease models exhibit a variety of human-disease-like phenotypes, facilitating fast and cost-effective in vivo genetic modifier screening and drug evaluation. Using these models, many disease-associated genetic factors have been identified, leading to the identification of compelling drug candidates. Recently, the safety and efficacy of traditional medicines for human diseases have been evaluated in various animal disease models. Despite the advantages of the Drosophila model, its usage in the evaluation of traditional medicines is only nascent. Here, we introduce the Drosophila model for neurodegenerative diseases and some examples demonstrating the successful application of Drosophila models in the evaluation of traditional medicines.
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25
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Jiang S, Li Y, Zhang X, Bu G, Xu H, Zhang YW. Trafficking regulation of proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:6. [PMID: 24410826 PMCID: PMC3891995 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide has been postulated to be a key determinant in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ is produced through sequential cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. APP and relevant secretases are transmembrane proteins and traffic through the secretory pathway in a highly regulated fashion. Perturbation of their intracellular trafficking may affect dynamic interactions among these proteins, thus altering Aβ generation and accelerating disease pathogenesis. Herein, we review recent progress elucidating the regulation of intracellular trafficking of these essential protein components in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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26
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Davis W. The ATP-binding cassette transporter-2 (ABCA2) regulates esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol by modulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:168-79. [PMID: 24201375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporters are a large family (~48 genes divided into seven families A-G) of proteins that utilize the energy of ATP-hydrolysis to pump substrates across lipid bilayers against a concentration gradient. The ABC "A" subfamily is comprised of 13 members and transport sterols, phospholipids and bile acids. ABCA2 is the most abundant ABC transporter in human and rodent brain with highest expression in oligodendrocytes, although it is also expressed in neurons. Several groups have studied a possible connection between ABCA2 and Alzheimer's disease as well as early atherosclerosis. ABCA2 expression levels have been associated with changes in cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism. In this paper, we hypothesized that ABCA2 expression level may regulate esterification of plasma membrane-derived cholesterol by modulation of sphingolipid metabolism. ABCA2 overexpression in N2a neuroblastoma cells was associated with an altered bilayer distribution of the sphingolipid ceramide that inhibited acylCoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity and cholesterol esterification. In contrast, depletion of endogenous ABCA2 in the rat schwannoma cell line D6P2T increased esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol following treatment with exogenous bacterial sphingomyelinase. These findings suggest that control of ABCA2 expression level may be a key locus of regulation for esterification of plasma membrane-derived cholesterol through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.
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27
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Pahnke J, Fröhlich C, Krohn M, Schumacher T, Paarmann K. Impaired mitochondrial energy production and ABC transporter function-A crucial interconnection in dementing proteopathies of the brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:506-15. [PMID: 24012632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for the development of dementing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and it is accompanied by the accumulation of variations in mitochondrial DNA. The resulting tissue-specific alterations in ATP production and availability cause deteriorations of cerebral clearance mechanisms that are important for the removal of toxic peptides and its aggregates. ABC transporters were shown to be the most important exporter superfamily for toxic peptides, e.g. β-amyloid and α-synuclein. Their activity is highly dependent on the availability of ATP and forms a directed energy-exporter network, linking decreased mitochondrial function with highly impaired ABC transporter activity and disease progression. In this paper, we describe a network based on interactions between ageing, energy metabolism, regeneration, accumulation of toxic peptides and the development of proteopathies of the brain with a focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, we provide new experimental evidence for interactions within this network in regenerative processes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pahnke
- Neurodegeneration Research Lab (NRL), Department of Neurology, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, H64, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, H64, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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28
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Stemmer N, Strekalova E, Djogo N, Plöger F, Loers G, Lutz D, Buck F, Michalak M, Schachner M, Kleene R. Generation of amyloid-β is reduced by the interaction of calreticulin with amyloid precursor protein, presenilin and nicastrin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61299. [PMID: 23585889 PMCID: PMC3621835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by γ-secretase and the ensuing generation of amyloid-β is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the identification of amyloid precursor protein binding proteins involved in regulating processing of amyloid precursor protein by the γ-secretase complex is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the molecular pathology of the disease. We identified calreticulin as novel amyloid precursor protein interaction partner that binds to the γ-secretase cleavage site within amyloid precursor protein and showed that this Ca2+- and N-glycan-independent interaction is mediated by amino acids 330–344 in the C-terminal C-domain of calreticulin. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that calreticulin is not only associated with amyloid precursor protein but also with the γ-secretase complex members presenilin and nicastrin. Calreticulin was detected at the cell surface by surface biotinylation of cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and was co-localized by immunostaining with amyloid precursor protein and presenilin at the cell surface of hippocampal neurons. The P-domain of calreticulin located between the N-terminal N-domain and the C-domain interacts with presenilin, the catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase complex. The P- and C-domains also interact with nicastrin, another functionally important subunit of this complex. Transfection of amyloid precursor protein overexpressing cells with full-length calreticulin leads to a decrease in amyloid-β42 levels in culture supernatants, while transfection with the P-domain increases amyloid-β40 levels. Similarly, application of the recombinant P- or C-domains and of a synthetic calreticulin peptide comprising amino acid 330–344 to amyloid precursor protein overexpressing cells result in elevated amyloid-β40 and amyloid-β42 levels, respectively. These findings indicate that the interaction of calreticulin with amyloid precursor protein and the γ-secretase complex regulates the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by the γ-secretase complex, pointing to calreticulin as a potential target for therapy in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Stemmer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Strekalova
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nevena Djogo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Plöger
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Abuznait AH, Kaddoumi A. Role of ABC transporters in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23181169 DOI: 10.1021/cn300077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of age-related dementia that begins with memory loss and progresses to include severe cognitive impairment. A major pathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of beta amyloid peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques in the brain of AD patients. The exact mechanism by which AD takes place remains unknown. However, an increasing number of studies suggests that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which are localized on the surface of brain endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain parenchyma, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Recent studies have unraveled important roles of ABC transporters including ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, P-gp), ABCG2 (breast cancer resistant protein, BCRP), ABCC1 (multidrug resistance protein 1, MRP1), and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in the pathogenesis of AD and Aβ peptides deposition inside the brain. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which these transporters contribute to Aβ deposition in the brain is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies against AD. This review summarizes and highlights the accumulating evidence in the literature which describe the role of altered function of various ABC transporters in the pathogenesis and progression of AD and the implications of modulating their functions for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H. Abuznait
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
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Maulik M, Westaway D, Jhamandas JH, Kar S. Role of cholesterol in APP metabolism and its significance in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:37-63. [PMID: 22983915 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder believed to be initiated by accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ)-related peptides derived from proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Research over the past two decades provided a mechanistic link between cholesterol and AD pathogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms in genes regulating the pivotal points in cholesterol metabolism have been suggested to enhance the risk of developing AD. Altered neuronal membrane cholesterol level and/or subcellular distribution have been implicated in aberrant formation, aggregation, toxicity, and degradation of Aβ-related peptides. However, the results are somewhat contradictory and we still do not have a complete understanding on how cholesterol can influence AD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the role of cholesterol in regulating the production/function of Aβ-related peptides and also examine the therapeutic potential of regulating cholesterol homeostasis in the treatment of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maulik
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M8
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31
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Claeysen S, Cochet M, Donneger R, Dumuis A, Bockaert J, Giannoni P. Alzheimer culprits: cellular crossroads and interplay. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1831-40. [PMID: 22627093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly and one of the major health problems worldwide. Since its first description by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, noticeable but insufficient scientific comprehension of this complex pathology has been achieved. All the research that has been pursued takes origin from the identification of the pathological hallmarks in the forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits (plaques), and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein filaments (named neurofibrillary tangles). Since this discovery, many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of the pathology. The "amyloid cascade hypothesis" is the most accredited theory. The mechanism suggested to be one of the initial causes of AD is an imbalance between the production and the clearance of Aβ peptides. Therefore, Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) synthesis, trafficking and metabolism producing either the toxic Aβ peptide via the amyloidogenic pathway or the sAPPα fragment via the non amyloidogenic pathway have become appealing subjects of study. Being able to reduce the formation of the toxic Aβ peptides is obviously an immediate approach in the trial to prevent AD. The following review summarizes the most relevant discoveries in the field of the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Claeysen
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
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Piehler AP, Ozcürümez M, Kaminski WE. A-Subclass ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins in Brain Lipid Homeostasis and Neurodegeneration. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:17. [PMID: 22403555 PMCID: PMC3293240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The A-subclass of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprises 12 structurally related members of the evolutionarily highly conserved superfamily of ABC transporters. ABCA transporters represent a subgroup of "full-size" multispan transporters of which several members have been shown to mediate the transport of a variety of physiologic lipid compounds across membrane barriers. The importance of ABCA transporters in human disease is documented by the observations that so far four members of this protein family (ABCA1, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA12) have been causatively linked to monogenetic disorders including familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency, neonatal surfactant deficiency, degenerative retinopathies, and congenital keratinization disorders. Recent research also point to a significant contribution of several A-subfamily ABC transporters to neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will give a summary of our current knowledge of the A-subclass of ABC transporters with a special focus on brain lipid homeostasis and their involvement in AD.
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Wolf A, Bauer B, Hartz AMS. ABC Transporters and the Alzheimer's Disease Enigma. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:54. [PMID: 22675311 PMCID: PMC3366330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the "disease of the twenty-first century." With a 10-fold increase in global incidence over the past 100 years, AD is now reaching epidemic proportions and by all projections, AD patient numbers will continue to rise. Despite intense research efforts, AD remains a mystery and effective therapies are still unavailable. This represents an unmet need resulting in clinical, social, and economic problems. Over the last decade, a new AD research focus has emerged: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In this article, we provide an overview of the ABC transporters ABCA1, ABCA2, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), MRP1 (ABCC1), and BCRP (ABCG2), all of which are expressed in the brain and have been implicated in AD. We summarize recent findings on the role of these five transporters in AD, and discuss their potential to serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wolf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Duluth, MN, USA
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