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Ritmeester-Loy SA, Draper IH, Bueter EC, Lautz JD, Zhang-Wong Y, Gustafson JA, Wilson AL, Lin C, Gafken PR, Jensen MC, Orentas R, Smith SEP. Differential protein-protein interactions underlie signaling mediated by the TCR and a 4-1BB domain-containing CAR. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadd4671. [PMID: 38442200 PMCID: PMC10986860 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cells rely on activity-dependent protein-protein interactions to convey biological signals. For chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells containing a 4-1BB costimulatory domain, receptor engagement is thought to stimulate the formation of protein complexes similar to those stimulated by T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling, but the number and type of protein interaction-mediating binding domains differ between CARs and TCRs. Here, we performed coimmunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis of a second-generation, CD19-directed 4-1BB:ζ CAR (referred to as bbζCAR) and identified 128 proteins that increased their coassociation after target engagement. We compared activity-induced TCR and CAR signalosomes by quantitative multiplex coimmunoprecipitation and showed that bbζCAR engagement led to the activation of two modules of protein interactions, one similar to TCR signaling that was more weakly engaged by bbζCAR as compared with the TCR and one composed of TRAF signaling complexes that was not engaged by the TCR. Batch-to-batch and interindividual variations in production of the cytokine IL-2 correlated with differences in the magnitude of protein network activation. Future CAR T cell manufacturing protocols could measure, and eventually control, biological variation by monitoring these signalosome activation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Ritmeester-Loy
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Isabella H. Draper
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Eric C. Bueter
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yue Zhang-Wong
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Joshua A. Gustafson
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Children’s Therapeutics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Ashley L. Wilson
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Children’s Therapeutics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Chenwei Lin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Philip R. Gafken
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Michael C. Jensen
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Children’s Therapeutics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Stephen E. P. Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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2
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Tan W, Zhang J, Dai F, Yang D, Gu R, Tang L, Liu H, Cheng YX. Insights on the NF-κB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:467-486. [PMID: 37097332 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays a well-known function in inflammation and regulates a wide variety of biological processes. Low-grade chronic inflammation is gradually considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of NF-κB in the progression of PCOS particularly, such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial dysfunction. From a clinical perspective, progressive recognition of NF-κB pathway provides opportunities for therapeutic interventions aimed at inhibiting pathway-specific mechanisms. With the accumulation of basic experimental and clinical data, NF-κB signaling pathway was recognized as a therapeutic target. Although there have been no specific small molecule NF-κB inhibitors in PCOS, a plethora of natural and synthetic compound have emerged for the pharmacologic intervention of the pathway. The traditional herbs developed for NF-κB pathway have become increasingly popular in recent years. Abundant evidence elucidated that NF-κB inhibitors can significantly improve the symptoms of PCOS. Herein, we summarized evidence relating to how NF-κB pathway is involved in the development and progression of PCOS. Furthermore, we present an in-depth overview of NF-κB inhibitors for therapy interventions of PCOS. Taken together, the NF-κB signaling may be a futuristic treatment strategy for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujia Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liu L, Liu X, Chen Y, Kong M, Zhang J, Jiang M, Zhou H, Yang J, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wu C, Jiang X, Zhang J. Paxillin/HDAC6 regulates microtubule acetylation to promote directional migration of keratinocytes driven by electric fields. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119628. [PMID: 37949303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields (EFs) have been demonstrated to facilitate wound healing by directing the migration of epidermal cells. Despite the identification of numerous molecules and signaling pathways that are crucial for the directional migration of keratinocytes under EFs, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undefined. Previous studies have indicated that microtubule (MT) acetylation is linked to cell migration, while Paxillin exerts a significant influence on cell motility. Therefore, we postulated that Paxillin could enhance EF-induced directional migration of keratinocytes by modulating MT acetylation. In the present study, we observed that EFs (200 mV/mm) induced migration of human immortalized epidermal cells (HaCaT) towards the anode, while upregulating Paxillin, downregulating HDAC6, and increasing the level of microtubule acetylation. Our findings suggested that Paxillin plays a pivotal role in inhibiting HDAC6-mediated microtubule acetylation during directional migration under EF regulation. Conversely, downregulation of Paxillin decreased microtubule acetylation and electrotaxis of epidermal cells by promoting HDAC6 expression, and this effect could be reversed by the addition of tubacin, an HDAC6-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, we observed that EFs also mediated the polarization of Paxillin and acetylated α-tubulin, which is critical for directional migration. In conclusion, our study revealed that MT acetylation in EF-guided keratinocyte migration is regulated by the Paxillin/HDAC6 signaling pathway, providing a novel theoretical foundation for the molecular mechanism of EF-guided directional migration of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Hongling Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China.
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4
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Wang Q, Martínez-Bonet M, Kim T, Sparks JA, Ishigaki K, Chen X, Sudman M, Aguiar V, Sim S, Hernandez MC, Chiu DJ, Wactor A, Wauford B, Marion MC, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Bowes J, Eyre S, Nordal E, Prahalad S, Rygg M, Videm V, Raychaudhuri S, Weirauch MT, Langefeld CD, Thompson SD, Nigrovic PA. Identification of a regulatory pathway governing TRAF1 via an arthritis-associated non-coding variant. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100420. [PMID: 38020975 PMCID: PMC10667332 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
TRAF1/C5 was among the first loci shown to confer risk for inflammatory arthritis in the absence of an associated coding variant, but its genetic mechanism remains undefined. Using Immunochip data from 3,939 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 14,412 control individuals, we identified 132 plausible common non-coding variants, reduced serially by single-nucleotide polymorphism sequencing (SNP-seq), electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase studies to the single variant rs7034653 in the third intron of TRAF1. Genetically manipulated experimental cells and primary monocytes from genotyped donors establish that the risk G allele reduces binding of Fos-related antigen 2 (FRA2), encoded by FOSL2, resulting in reduced TRAF1 expression and enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Conditioning on this JIA variant eliminated attributable risk for rheumatoid arthritis, implicating a mechanism shared across the arthritis spectrum. These findings reveal that rs7034653, FRA2, and TRAF1 mediate a pathway through which a non-coding functional variant drives risk of inflammatory arthritis in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Martínez-Bonet
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Immune-regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Taehyeung Kim
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc Sudman
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vitor Aguiar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sangwan Sim
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Darren J. Chiu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Wactor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wauford
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miranda C. Marion
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Bowes
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Eyre
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ellen Nordal
- University Hospital of North Norway and UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Data Science, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Biomedical Informatics, and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Susan D. Thompson
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhang W, Yang B, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Huang S, Zhang A, Li S. TRAF1 improves cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of inflammation and metabolic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130423. [PMID: 37419425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe clinical complication with no satisfactory therapies in the clinic. Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) plays a vital role in both inflammation and metabolism. However, the TRAF1 effect in cisplatin induced AKI needs to be evaluated. METHODS We observed the role of TRAF1 in eight-week-old male mice and mouse proximal tubular cells both treated with cisplatin by examining the indicators associated with kidney injury, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolism. RESULTS TRAF1 expression was decreased in cisplatin-treated mice and mouse proximal tubular cells (mPTCs), suggesting a potential role of TRAF1 in cisplatin-associated kidney injury. TRAF1 overexpression significantly alleviated cisplatin-triggered AKI and renal tubular injury, as demonstrated by reduced serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, as well as the ameliorated histological damage and inhibited upregulation of NGAL and KIM-1. Moreover, the NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production enhanced by cisplatin were significantly blunted by TRAF1. Meanwhile, the increased number of apoptotic cells and enhanced expression of BAX and cleaved Caspase-3 were markedly decreased by TRAF1 overexpression both in vivo and vitro. Additionally, a significant correction of the metabolic disturbance, including perturbations in energy generation and lipid and amino acid metabolism, was observed in the cisplatin-treated mice kidneys. CONCLUSION TRAF1 overexpression obviously attenuated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, possibly by correcting the impaired metabolism, inhibiting inflammation, and blocking apoptosis in renal tubular cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations emphasize the novel mechanisms associated to metabolism and inflammation of TRAF1 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bingyu Yang
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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6
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Tserunyan V, Finley SD. A systems and computational biology perspective on advancing CAR therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 94:34-49. [PMID: 37263529 PMCID: PMC10529846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy signaled a new revolutionary approach to cancer treatment. This method seeks to engineer immune cells expressing an artificially designed receptor, which would endue those cells with the ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. While some CAR therapies received FDA approval and others are subject to clinical trials, many aspects of their workings remain elusive. Techniques of systems and computational biology have been frequently employed to explain the operating principles of CAR therapy and suggest further design improvements. In this review, we sought to provide a comprehensive account of those efforts. Specifically, we discuss various computational models of CAR therapy ranging in scale from organismal to molecular. Then, we describe the molecular and functional properties of costimulatory domains frequently incorporated in CAR structure. Finally, we describe the signaling cascades by which those costimulatory domains elicit cellular response against the target. We hope that this comprehensive summary of computational and experimental studies will further motivate the use of systems approaches in advancing CAR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardges Tserunyan
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Glez-Vaz J, Azpilikueta A, Ochoa MC, Olivera I, Gomis G, Cirella A, Luri-Rey C, Álvarez M, Pérez-Gracia JL, Ciordia S, Eguren-Santamaria I, Alexandru R, Berraondo P, de Andrea C, Teijeira Á, Corrales F, Zapata JM, Melero I. CD137 (4-1BB) requires physically associated cIAPs for signal transduction and antitumor effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6692. [PMID: 37595047 PMCID: PMC11044178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CD137 agonists attain immunotherapeutic antitumor effects in cancer mouse models, and multiple agents of this kind are undergoing clinical trials. We show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 are physically associated with the CD137 signaling complex. Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. Functional evidence was substantiated with SMAC mimetics that trigger cIAP degradation and by transfecting cIAP dominant-negative variants. Antitumor effects of agonist anti-CD137 mAbs are critically dependent on the integrity of cIAPs in cancer mouse models, and cIAPs are also required for signaling from CARs encompassing CD137's cytoplasmic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María C. Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Asunta Cirella
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Álvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Pérez-Gracia
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, CNB-CSIC, Proteored-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raluca Alexandru
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos de Andrea
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, CNB-CSIC, Proteored-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBm), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Melero I, Sanmamed MF, Glez-Vaz J, Luri-Rey C, Wang J, Chen L. CD137 (4-1BB)-Based Cancer Immunotherapy on Its 25th Anniversary. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:552-569. [PMID: 36576322 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, we reported that agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies eradicated transplanted mouse tumors because of enhanced CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity. Mouse models indicated that anti-CD137 agonist antibodies synergized with various other therapies. In the clinic, the agonist antibody urelumab showed evidence for single-agent activity against melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but caused severe liver inflammation in a fraction of the patients. CD137's signaling domain is included in approved chimeric antigen receptors conferring persistence and efficacy. A new wave of CD137 agonists targeting tumors, mainly based on bispecific constructs, are in early-phase trials and are showing promising safety and clinical activity. SIGNIFICANCE CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor of T and natural killer lymphocytes whose activity can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy strategies as discovered 25 years ago. Following initial attempts that met unacceptable toxicity, new waves of constructs acting agonistically on CD137 are being developed in patients, offering signs of clinical and pharmacodynamic activity with tolerable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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9
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Daniels MA, Luera D, Teixeiro E. NFκB signaling in T cell memory. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129191. [PMID: 36911729 PMCID: PMC9998984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells play an essential role in protecting against infectious diseases and cancer and contribute to autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Understanding how they are generated and maintained in the context of infection or vaccination holds promise to improve current immune-based therapies. At the beginning of any immune response, naïve T cells are activated and differentiate into cells with effector function capabilities. In the context of infection, most of these cells die once the pathogenic antigen has been cleared. Only a few of them persist and differentiate into memory T cells. These memory T cells are essential to host immunity because they are long-lived and can perform effector functions immediately upon re-infection. How a cell becomes a memory T cell and continues being one for months and even years past the initial infection is still not fully understood. Recent reviews have thoroughly discussed the transcriptional, epigenomic, and metabolic mechanisms that govern T cell memory differentiation. Yet much less is known of how signaling pathways that are common circuitries of multiple environmental signals regulate T cell outcome and, precisely, T cell memory. The function of the NFκB signaling system is perhaps best understood in innate cells. Recent findings suggest that NFκB signaling plays an essential and unique role in generating and maintaining CD8 T cell memory. This review aims to summarize these findings and discuss the remaining questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dezzarae Luera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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10
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Cheng T, Wu J, Xu Y, Liu C, Zhang H, Wang M. CD40/TRAF1 decreases synovial cell apoptosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis through JNK/NF-κB pathway. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:819-828. [PMID: 35960381 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A genome-wide association analysis revealed a rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-risk-associated genetic locus on chromosome 9, which contained the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). However, the detail mechanism by TRAF1 signaled to fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) apoptosis remains to be fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synovial tissue of 10 RA patients and osteoarthritis patients were obtained during joint replacement surgery. We investigated TRAF1 level and FLSs apoptosis percentage in vivo and elucidated the mechanism involved in the regulation of apoptotic process in vitro. RESULTS We proved the significant increase of TRAF1 level in FLSs of RA patients and demonstrated that TRAF1 level correlated positively with DAS28 score and negatively with FLSs apoptosis. Treatment with siTRAF1 was able to decrease MMPs levels and the phosphorylated forms of JNK/NF-κB in vitro. Moreover, JNK inhibitor could attenuate expression of MMPs and increase percentage of apoptosis in RA-FLSs, while siTRAF1 could not promote apoptosis when RA-FLSs were pretreated with JNK activator. CONCLUSIONS High levels of TRAF1 in RA synovium play an important role in the synovial hyperplasia of RA by suppressing apoptosis through activating JNK/NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways in response to the engagement of CD40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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11
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Chen Y, Lu Z, Qi C, Yu C, Li Y, Huan W, Wang R, Luo W, Shen D, Ding L, Ren L, Xie H, Xue D, Wang M, Ni K, Xia L, Qian J, Li G. N 6-methyladenosine-modified TRAF1 promotes sunitinib resistance by regulating apoptosis and angiogenesis in a METTL14-dependent manner in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:111. [PMID: 35538475 PMCID: PMC9087993 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sunitinib resistance can be classified into primary and secondary resistance. While accumulating research has indicated several underlying factors contributing to sunitinib resistance, the precise mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma are still unclear. Methods RNA sequencing and m6A sequencing were used to screen for functional genes involved in sunitinib resistance. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out and patient samples and clinical information were obtained for clinical analysis. Results We identified a tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor, TRAF1, that was significantly increased in sunitinib-resistant cells, resistant cell-derived xenograft (CDX-R) models and clinical patients with sunitinib resistance. Silencing TRAF1 increased sunitinib-induced apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects. Mechanistically, the upregulated level of TRAF1 in sunitinib-resistant cells was derived from increased TRAF1 RNA stability, which was caused by an increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in a METTL14-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) -mediated transduction of TRAF1 suppressed the sunitinib-induced apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects in the CDX models, whereas knockdown of TRAF1 effectively resensitized the sunitinib-resistant CDXs to sunitinib treatment. Conclusions Overexpression of TRAF1 promotes sunitinib resistance by modulating apoptotic and angiogenic pathways in a METTL14-dependent manner. Targeting TRAF1 and its pathways may be a novel pharmaceutical intervention for sunitinib-treated patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01549-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlei Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zeyi Lu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wang Huan
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Danyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Liangliang Ren
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Dingwei Xue
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Kangxin Ni
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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12
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Gissler MC, Stachon P, Wolf D, Marchini T. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Associated Factors (TRAFs) in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826630. [PMID: 35252400 PMCID: PMC8891542 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) represent a family of cytoplasmic signaling adaptor proteins that regulate, bundle, and transduce inflammatory signals downstream of TNF- (TNF-Rs), interleukin (IL)-1-, Toll-like- (TLRs), and IL-17 receptors. TRAFs play a pivotal role in regulating cell survival and immune cell function and are fundamental regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Lately, the inhibition of inflammation by anti-cytokine therapy has emerged as novel treatment strategy in patients with atherosclerosis. Likewise, growing evidence from preclinical experiments proposes TRAFs as potent modulators of inflammation in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Yet, TRAFs show a highly complex interplay between different TRAF-family members with partially opposing and overlapping functions that are determined by the level of cellular expression, concomitant signaling events, and the context of the disease. Therefore, inhibition of specific TRAFs may be beneficial in one condition and harmful in others. Here, we carefully discuss the cellular expression and signaling events of TRAFs and evaluate their role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. We also highlight metabolic effects of TRAFs and discuss the development of TRAF-based therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Gissler
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Wolf
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Otano I, Azpilikueta A, Glez-Vaz J, Alvarez M, Medina-Echeverz J, Cortés-Domínguez I, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C, Ellmark P, Fritzell S, Hernandez-Hoyos G, Nelson MH, Ochoa MC, Bolaños E, Cuculescu D, Jaúregui P, Sanchez-Gregorio S, Etxeberria I, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Sanmamed MF, Teijeira Á, Berraondo P, Melero I. CD137 (4-1BB) costimulation of CD8 + T cells is more potent when provided in cis than in trans with respect to CD3-TCR stimulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7296. [PMID: 34911975 PMCID: PMC8674279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB; TNFSR9) is an activation-induced surface receptor that through costimulation effects provide antigen-primed T cells with augmented survival, proliferation and effector functions as well as metabolic advantages. These immunobiological mechanisms are being utilised for cancer immunotherapy with agonist CD137-binding and crosslinking-inducing agents that elicit CD137 intracellular signaling. In this study, side-by-side comparisons show that provision of CD137 costimulation in-cis with regard to the TCR-CD3-ligating cell is superior to that provided in-trans in terms of T cell activation, proliferation, survival, cytokine secretion and mitochondrial fitness in mouse and human. Cis ligation of CD137 relative to the TCR-CD3 complex results in more intense canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling and provides a more robust induction of cell cycle and DNA damage repair gene expression programs. Here we report that the superiority of cis versus trans CD137-costimulation is readily observed in vivo and is relevant for understanding the immunotherapeutic effects of CAR T cells and CD137 agonistic therapies currently undergoing clinical trials, which may provide costimulation either in cis or in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Otano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/ Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ivan Cortés-Domínguez
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumours, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumours, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Ellmark
- Alligator Bioscience, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - María Carmen Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Doina Cuculescu
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Jaúregui
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Gregorio
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/ Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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14
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Edilova MI, Law JC, Zangiabadi S, Ting K, Mbanwi AN, Arruda A, Uehling D, Isaac M, Prakesch M, Al-Awar R, Minden MD, Abdul-Sater AA, Watts TH. The PKN1- TRAF1 signaling axis as a potential new target for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1943234. [PMID: 34589290 PMCID: PMC8475556 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1943234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF1 is a pro-survival adaptor molecule in TNFR superfamily (TNFRSF) signaling. TRAF1 is overexpressed in many B cell cancers including refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Little has been done to assess the role of TRAF1 in human cancer. Here we show that the protein kinase C related kinase Protein Kinase N1 (PKN1) is required to protect TRAF1 from cIAP-mediated degradation during constitutive CD40 signaling in lymphoma. We show that the active phospho-Thr774 form of PKN1 is constitutively expressed in CLL but minimally detected in unstimulated healthy donor B cells. Through a screen of 700 kinase inhibitors, we identified two inhibitors, OTSSP167, and XL-228, that inhibited PKN1 in the nanomolar range and induced dose-dependent loss of TRAF1 in RAJI cells. OTSSP167 or XL-228 treatment of primary patient CLL samples led to a reduction in TRAF1, pNF-κB p65, pS6, pERK, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins, and induction of activated caspase-3. OTSSP167 synergized with venetoclax in inducing CLL death, correlating with loss of TRAF1, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2. Although correlative, these findings suggest the PKN1-TRAF1 signaling axis as a potential new target for CLL. These findings also suggest the use of the orally available inhibitor OTSSP167 in combination treatment with venetoclax for TRAF1 overexpressing CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Edilova
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaclyn C Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Safoura Zangiabadi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achire N Mbanwi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Arruda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Methvin Isaac
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2619-2664. [PMID: 34269817 PMCID: PMC8286839 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors.
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16
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4-1BBL as a Mediator of Cross-Talk between Innate, Adaptive, and Regulatory Immunity against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126210. [PMID: 34207500 PMCID: PMC8227424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system is one of the main challenges we confront in the fight against cancer. Multiple strategies have been developed to counteract this situation, including the use of immunostimulant molecules that play a key role in the anti-tumor immune response. Such a response needs to be tumor-specific to cause as little damage as possible to healthy cells and also to track and eliminate disseminated tumor cells. Therefore, the combination of immunostimulant molecules and tumor-associated antigens has been implemented as an anti-tumor therapy strategy to eliminate the main obstacles confronted in conventional therapies. The immunostimulant 4-1BBL belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and it has been widely reported as the most effective member for activating lymphocytes. Hence, we will review the molecular, pre-clinical, and clinical applications in conjunction with tumor-associated antigens in antitumor immunotherapy, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in this association.
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Peña-Asensio J, Sanz-de-Villalobos E, Miquel J, Larrubia JR. Tumor necrosis family receptor superfamily member 9/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 pathway on hepatitis C viral persistence and natural history. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:754-765. [PMID: 33200014 PMCID: PMC7643212 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i10.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an excellent immunological model for understanding the mechanisms developed by non-cytopathic viruses and tumors to evade the adaptative immune response. The antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response is essential for keeping HCV under control, but during persistent infection, these cells become exhausted or even deleted. The exhaustion process is progressive and depends on the infection duration and level of antigenemia. During high antigenic load and long duration of infection, T cells become extremely exhausted and ultimately disappear due to apoptosis. The development of exhaustion involves the impairment of positive co-stimulation induced by regulatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta 1. This cytokine downregulates tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), the signal transducer of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule TNFR superfamily member 9 (known as 4-1BB). This impairment correlates with the low reactivity of T cells and an exhaustion phenotype. Treatment with interleukin-7 in vitro restores TRAF1 expression and rescues T cell effector function. The process of TRAF1 loss and its in vitro recovery is hierarchical, and more affected by severe disease progression. In conclusion, TRAF1 dynamics on T cells define a new pathogenic model that describes some aspects of the natural history of HCV, and sheds light on novel immunotherapy strategies for chronic viral infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña-Asensio
- Department of Systems Biology, Guadalajara University Hospital. University of Alcalá, Guadalajara E-19002, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, University of Alcalá, Guadalajara E-19002, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, University of Alcalá, Guadalajara E-19002, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Larrubia
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, University of Alcalá, Guadalajara E-19002, Guadalajara, Spain
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18
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Hu BS, Tang T, Jia JL, Xie BC, Wu TL, Sheng YY, Xue YZ, Tang HM. CD137 agonist induces gastric cancer cell apoptosis by enhancing the functions of CD8 + T cells via NF-κB signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:513. [PMID: 33093811 PMCID: PMC7576737 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD137 is a target for tumor immunotherapy. However, the role of CD137 in gastric cancer (GC), especially in inducing GC cell apoptosis, has not been studied. Methods Foxp3+ and CD8+ T cells in GCs were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). CD137 expression in GCs was detected using flow cytometry, IHC and immunofluorescence (IF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood were stimulated with a CD137 agonist in vitro. CD8+ T cell proliferation and p65 expression was examined using flow cytometry. P65 nuclear translocation was analyzed using IF. IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B were detected using real-time quantitative PCR (real-time PCR). PBMCs and primary GC cells were cocultured and stimulated with a CD137 agonist in vitro. Apoptosis of primary GC cells was detected using flow cytometry. Results Our data demonstrated that GC tumors showed characteristics of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. CD137 was predominantly expressed in CD8+ T cells in GCs and had a positive correlation with tumor cell differentiation. The CD137 agonist promoted CD8+ T cell proliferation and increased the secretion of IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B, which induced primary GC cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, this study found that the CD137 agonist induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that a CD137 agonist induced primary GC cell apoptosis by enhancing CD8+ T cells via activation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Shun Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Xie
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Long Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yue Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Min Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China
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19
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Chu KL, Batista NV, Girard M, Watts TH. Monocyte-Derived Cells in Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:477-485. [PMID: 31964721 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is currently much interest in how different dendritic cell and macrophage populations contribute to T cell-mediated immunity. Although conventional dendritic cell subsets have received much attention for their role in T cell priming, there is emerging evidence for a role for monocyte-derived APC (MoAPC) in tissue-resident memory T cell (Trm) formation. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage play a key role in providing chemokines and cytokines for the localization, differentiation, and survival of Trm and Trm precursors. In addition, inflammatory MoAPC are the key providers of TNF superfamily costimulatory signals, a signal we refer to as signal 4 for T cell activation. Recent evidence suggests that signal 4 from MoAPC occurs postpriming and substantially increases Trm formation. Key questions remain, such as the Ag dependence of signal 4 and the specific mechanisms by which MoAPC-Trm interactions affect the long-term maintenance of Trm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lun Chu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nathália V Batista
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mélanie Girard
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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20
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CD137 Signaling Promotes Endothelial Apoptosis by Inhibiting Nrf2 Pathway, and Upregulating NF- κB Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4321912. [PMID: 32587470 PMCID: PMC7294359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4321912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. Our group has previously showed that CD137 signaling contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis and the vulnerability of plaques. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CD137 signaling in atherosclerosis on endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Serum samples were collected from 11 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 4 controls. Peritoneal injection of agonist-CD137 recombinant protein in ApoE−/− mice was used to determine whether CD137 signaling can promote apoptosis in vivo, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with agonist-CD137 recombinant protein, M5580 (a Nrf2 pathway agonist) and CAPE (a NF-κB pathway inhibitor) were used to explore the effect of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathway in CD137 signaling-induced ECs apoptosis in vitro. Results ELISA showed that Bcl-2 in the serum of AMI patients was lower than that of the control group, while TNF-α and sCD137 were higher than that of the control group. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis showed that the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the agonist-CD137 group was significantly inhibited, and the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes was also decreased when compared with control. Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the agonist-CD137 group was enhanced, and ELISA results showed that the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the agonist-CD137 group was increased. Immunofluorescence results revealed that ROS production in the agonist-CD137 group was higher than that in control, M5580 (a Nrf2 pathway agonist) and CAPE (a NF-κB pathway inhibitor) groups. In vitro studies using HUVECs and in vivo studies using high-fat-fed ApoE−/− mice showed that the number of apoptotic endothelial cells was the highest in the agonist-CD137 group. By contrast, both M5580 and CAPE treatments were able to reduce CD137 induced ECs apoptosis. Conclusions Our results showed that CD137 signaling promotes ECs apoptosis through prooxidative and proinflammatory mechanisms, mediated by Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, respectively.
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21
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Philipson BI, O'Connor RS, May MJ, June CH, Albelda SM, Milone MC. 4-1BB costimulation promotes CAR T cell survival through noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/625/eaay8248. [PMID: 32234960 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is correlated with CAR T cell persistence, especially for CAR T cells that target CD19+ hematologic malignancies. 4-1BB-costimulated CAR (BBζ) T cells exhibit longer persistence after adoptive transfer than do CD28-costimulated CAR (28ζ) T cells. 4-1BB signaling improves T cell persistence even in the context of 28ζ CAR activation, which indicates distinct prosurvival signals mediated by the 4-1BB cytoplasmic domain. To specifically study signal transduction by CARs, we developed a cell-free, ligand-based activation and ex vivo culture system for CD19-specific CAR T cells. We observed greater ex vivo survival and subsequent expansion of BBζ CAR T cells when compared to 28ζ CAR T cells. We showed that only BBζ CARs activated noncanonical nuclear factor κB (ncNF-κB) signaling in T cells basally and that the anti-CD19 BBζ CAR further enhanced ncNF-κB signaling after ligand engagement. Reducing ncNF-κB signaling reduced the expansion and survival of anti-CD19 BBζ T cells and was associated with a substantial increase in the abundance of the most pro-apoptotic isoforms of Bim. Although our findings do not exclude the importance of other signaling differences between BBζ and 28ζ CARs, they demonstrate the necessary and nonredundant role of ncNF-κB signaling in promoting the survival of BBζ CAR T cells, which likely underlies the engraftment persistence observed with this CAR design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Philipson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J May
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael C Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Jensen S, Seidelin JB, LaCasse EC, Nielsen OH. SMAC mimetics and RIPK inhibitors as therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/619/eaax8295. [PMID: 32071170 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis are needed because current treatments are often suboptimal in terms of both efficacy and the risks of serious adverse events. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that inhibit cell death pathways and are themselves inhibited by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). SMAC mimetics (SMs), small-molecule antagonists of IAPs, are being evaluated as cancer therapies in clinical trials. IAPs are also crucial regulators of inflammatory pathways because they influence both the activation of inflammatory genes and the induction of cell death through the receptor-interacting serine-threonine protein kinases (RIPKs), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in specifically targeting the substrates of IAP-mediated ubiquitylation, especially RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK3, as druggable nodes in inflammation control. Several studies have revealed an anti-inflammatory potential of RIPK inhibitors that either block inflammatory signaling or block the form of inflammatory cell death known as necroptosis. Expanding research on innate immune signaling through pattern recognition receptors that stimulate proinflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signaling may further contribute to uncovering the complex molecular roles used by IAPs and downstream RIPKs in inflammatory signaling. This may benefit and guide the development of SMs or selective RIPK inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapeutics for various chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Eric Charles LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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23
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Ariel O, Gendron D, Dudemaine PL, Gévry N, Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Bissonnette N. Transcriptome Profiling of Bovine Macrophages Infected by Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis Depicts Foam Cell and Innate Immune Tolerance Phenotypes. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2874. [PMID: 31969876 PMCID: PMC6960179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD), also known as paratuberculosis, in ruminants. The mechanisms of JD pathogenesis are not fully understood, but it is known that MAP subverts the host immune system by using macrophages as its primary reservoir. MAP infection in macrophages is often studied in healthy cows or experimentally infected calves, but reports on macrophages from naturally infected cows are lacking. In our study, primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from cows diagnosed as positive (+) or negative (–) for JD were challenged in vitro with live MAP. Analysis using next-generation RNA sequencing revealed that macrophages from JD(+) cows did not present a definite pattern of response to MAP infection. Interestingly, a considerable number of genes, up to 1436, were differentially expressed in JD(–) macrophages. The signatures of the infection time course of 1, 4, 8, and 24 h revealed differential expression of ARG2, COL1A1, CCL2, CSF3, IL1A, IL6, IL10, PTGS2, PTX3, SOCS3, TNF, and TNFAIP6 among other genes, with major effects on host signaling pathways. While several immune pathways were affected by MAP, other pathways related to hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, lipid homeostasis, such as LXR/RXR (liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor) activation pathways, and autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis) also responded to the presence of live MAP. Comparison of the profiles of the unchallenged MDMs from JD(+) vs. JD(–) cows showed that 868 genes were differentially expressed, suggesting that these genes were already affected before monocytes differentiated into macrophages. The downregulated genes predominantly modified the general cell metabolism by downregulating amino acid synthesis and affecting cholesterol biosynthesis and other energy production pathways while introducing a pro-fibrotic pattern associated with foam cells. The upregulated genes indicated that lipid homeostasis was already supporting fat storage in uninfected JD(+) MDMs. For JD(+) MDMs, differential gene expression expounds long-term mechanisms established during disease progression of paratuberculosis. Therefore, MAP could further promote disease persistence by influencing long-term macrophage behavior by using both tolerance and fat-storage states. This report contributes to a better understanding of MAP's controls over the immune cell response and mechanisms of MAP survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Ariel
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Gendron
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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24
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Arkee T, Bishop GA. TRAF family molecules in T cells: Multiple receptors and functions. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:907-915. [PMID: 31749173 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr1119-397r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TNFR superfamily of receptors, the major focus of the recent TNFR Superfamily Conference held in June 2019, employ the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) family of adaptor proteins in key aspects of their signaling pathways. Although many early studies investigated TRAF functions via exogenous overexpression in nonhematopoietic cell lines, it has subsequently become clear that whereas TRAFs share some overlap in function, each also plays unique biologic roles, that can be highly context dependent. This brief review summarizes the current state of knowledge of functions of each of the TRAF molecules that mediate important functions in T lymphocytes: TRAFs 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Due to our current appreciation of the contextual nature of TRAF function, our focus is upon findings made specifically in T lymphocytes. Key T cell functions for each TRAF are detailed, as well as future knowledge gaps of interest and importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Arkee
- Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Depts. of Microbiology & Immunology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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25
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A Perspective Review on the Role of Nanomedicine in the Modulation of TNF-TNFR2 Axis in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6313242. [PMID: 31239840 PMCID: PMC6556275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6313242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine research has provided us with highly useful agents (nanoparticles) delivering therapeutic drugs to target cancer cells. The present review highlights nanomedicine applications for breast cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have suggested that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptor 2 (TNFR2) expressed on breast cancer cells have important functional consequences. This cytokine/receptor interaction is also critical for promoting highly immune-suppressive phenotypes by regulatory T cells (Tregs). This review generally provides a background for nanoparticles as potential drug delivery agents for immunomodulators and further discusses in depth the potential of TNF antagonists delivery to modulate TNF-TNFR2 interactions and inhibit breast cancer progression.
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26
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Zhou AC, Batista NV, Watts TH. 4-1BB Regulates Effector CD8 T Cell Accumulation in the Lung Tissue through a TRAF1-, mTOR-, and Antigen-Dependent Mechanism to Enhance Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Formation during Respiratory Influenza Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2482-2492. [PMID: 30867239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The TNFR superfamily member 4-1BB is important in the establishment of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung tissue following influenza infection. Moreover, supraphysiological boosting of 4-1BB in the airways during the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization regimen increases the long-lived Trm population, correlating with increased protection against heterotypic challenge. However, little is known about how 4-1BB contributes to the establishment of the lung Trm population. In this study, we show that effects of 4-1BB on lung Trm accumulation are already apparent at the effector stage, suggesting that the major role of 4-1BB in Trm formation is to allow persistence of CD8 T effector cells in the lung as they transition to Trm. Using supraphysiological stimulation of 4-1BB in the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization, we show that the effect of 4-1BB on Trm generation requires local delivery of both Ag and costimulation, is inhibited by rapamycin treatment during secondary CD8 effector T cell expansion, and is dependent on the signaling adaptor TRAF1. The decrease in lung Trm following early rapamycin treatment is accompanied by increased circulating memory T cells, as well as fewer effectors, suggesting a role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the formation of Trm through effects on the accumulation of effector precursors. Taken together, these data point to an important role for 4-1BB, TRAF1, and mTOR in the persistence of CD8 effector T cells in the lung parenchyma, thereby allowing the transition to Trm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nathália V Batista
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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27
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Cheng T, Wang M, Chen L, Guo Y, Chen Z, Wu J. Increased expression of CD40/TRAF1 and activation of nuclear factor-κκB-dependent proinflammatory gene expression in collagen-induced arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2019; 47:455-460. [PMID: 30735108 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1432684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic studies have implicated both CD40 and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF1) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CD40 signalling is known to be associated with TRAF1 expression, directly or indirectly; however, the detailed mechanisms of these interactions are not clear in RA, and in particular in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. This study aims to investigate this pathway and the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in a mouse model of RA. METHOD We utilized the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in DBA/1 mice. CD40, TRAF1, and NF-κB p65 were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry in serum and tissue, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure NF-κB-related gene expression, including cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)]. RESULTS The severity of arthritis by clinical and histological assessments peaked on day 35 and decreased thereafter. Serum levels of CD40, TRAF1, and NF-κB p65 paralleled this time-course. The tissue expression of the CD40, TRAF1, total NF-κB p65, and phospho-NF-κB p65 proteins, as well as NF-κB-related gene expression, including cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), were markedly upregulated within 25-50 days after CIA. CONCLUSION Our data identify a cellular/molecular mechanism of the CD40/TRAF1 signalling pathway involved in CIA: increased expression of CD40 and its adaptor TRAF1 proteins and activation of the NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory pathway. These correlations implicate possible mechanistic pathways in this model that may also operate in human RA and thus provide rationales for new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cheng
- a Department of Rheumatology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Su Zhou , China
| | - M Wang
- a Department of Rheumatology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Su Zhou , China
| | - L Chen
- b Department of Infection , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Su Zhou , China
| | - Y Guo
- a Department of Rheumatology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Su Zhou , China
| | - Z Chen
- a Department of Rheumatology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Su Zhou , China
| | - J Wu
- a Department of Rheumatology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Su Zhou , China
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Edilova MI, Abdul-Sater AA, Watts TH. TRAF1 Signaling in Human Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2969. [PMID: 30619326 PMCID: PMC6305416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is a signaling adaptor first identified as part of the TNFR2 signaling complex. TRAF1 plays a key role in pro-survival signaling downstream of TNFR superfamily members such as TNFR2, LMP1, 4-1BB, and CD40. Recent studies have uncovered another role for TRAF1, independent of its role in TNFR superfamily signaling, in negatively regulating Toll-like receptor and Nod-like receptor signaling, through sequestering the linear ubiquitin assembly complex, LUBAC. TRAF1 has diverse roles in human disease. TRAF1 is overexpressed in many B cell related cancers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TRAF1 have been linked to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Genome wide association studies have identified an association between SNPs in the 5' untranslated region of the TRAF1 gene with increased incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. The loss of TRAF1 from chronically stimulated CD8 T cells results in desensitization of the 4-1BB signaling pathway, thereby contributing to T cell exhaustion during chronic infection. These apparently opposing roles of TRAF1 as both a positive and negative regulator of immune signaling have led to some confusion in the literature. Here we review the role of TRAF1 as a positive and negative regulator in different signaling pathways. Then we discuss the role of TRAF1 in human disease, attempting to reconcile seemingly contradictory roles based on current knowledge of TRAF1 signaling and biology. We also discuss avenues for future research to further clarify the impact of TRAF1 in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Edilova
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Zapata JM, Perez-Chacon G, Carr-Baena P, Martinez-Forero I, Azpilikueta A, Otano I, Melero I. CD137 (4-1BB) Signalosome: Complexity Is a Matter of TRAFs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2618. [PMID: 30524423 PMCID: PMC6262405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB, Tnsfr9) is a member of the TNF-receptor (TNFR) superfamily without known intrinsic enzymatic activity in its cytoplasmic domain. Hence, akin to other members of the TNFR family, it relies on the TNFR-Associated-Factor (TRAF) family of adaptor proteins to build the CD137 signalosome for transducing signals into the cell. Thus, upon CD137 activation by binding of CD137L trimers or by crosslinking with agonist monoclonal antibodies, TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 are readily recruited to the cytoplasmic domain of CD137, likely as homo- and/or heterotrimers with different configurations, initiating the construction of the CD137 signalosome. The formation of TRAF2-RING dimers between TRAF2 molecules from contiguous trimers would help to establish a multimeric structure of TRAF-trimers that is probably essential for CD137 signaling. In addition, available studies have identified a large number of proteins that are recruited to CD137:TRAF complexes including ubiquitin ligases and proteases, kinases, and modulatory proteins. Working in a coordinated fashion, these CD137-signalosomes will ultimately promote CD137-mediated T cell proliferation and survival and will endow T cells with stronger effector functions. Current evidence allows to envision the molecular events that might take place in the early stages of CD137-signalosome formation, underscoring the key roles of TRAFs and of K63 and K48-ubiquitination of target proteins in the signaling process. Understanding the composition and fine regulation of CD137-signalosomes assembly and disassembly will be key to improve the therapeutic activities of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) encompassing the CD137 cytoplasmic domain and a new generation of CD137 agonists for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Perez-Chacon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Carr-Baena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Martinez-Forero
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,MSD, London, United Kingdom.,Departamento de Inmunologia e Inmunoterapia, Clinica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Pedros C, Altman A, Kong KF. Role of TRAFs in Signaling Pathways Controlling T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation and T Cell-Dependent Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2412. [PMID: 30405612 PMCID: PMC6204373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells represent a highly specialized CD4+ T cell subpopulation that supports the generation of germinal centers (GC) and provides B cells with critical signals promoting antibody class switching, generation of high affinity antibodies, and memory formation. TFH cells are characterized by the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5, the transcription factor Bcl-6, costimulatory molecules ICOS, and PD-1, and the production of cytokine IL-21. The acquisition of a TFH phenotype is a complex and multistep process that involves signals received through engagement of the TCR along with a multitude of costimulatory molecules and cytokines receptors. Members of the Tumor necrosis factor Receptor Associated Factors (TRAF) represent one of the major classes of signaling mediators involved in the differentiation and functions of TFH cells. TRAF molecules are the canonical adaptor molecules that physically interact with members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) and actively modulate their downstream signaling cascades through their adaptor function and/or E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. OX-40, GITR, and 4-1BB are the TRAF-dependent TNFRSF members that have been implicated in the differentiation and functions of TFH cells. On the other hand, emerging data demonstrate that TRAF proteins also participate in signaling from the TCR and CD28, which deliver critical signals leading to the differentiation of TFH cells. More intriguingly, we recently showed that the cytoplasmic tail of ICOS contains a conserved TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-binding motif that is shared with TBK1-binding TRAF proteins. The presence of this TRAF-mimicking signaling module downstream of ICOS is required to mediate the maturation step during TFH differentiation. In addition, JAK-STAT pathways emanating from IL-2, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-27 cytokine receptors affect TFH development, and crosstalk between TRAF-mediated pathways and the JAK-STAT pathways can contribute to generate integrated signals required to drive and sustain TFH differentiation. In this review, we will introduce the molecular interactions and the major signaling pathways controlling the differentiation of TFH cells. In each case, we will highlight the contributions of TRAF proteins to these signaling pathways. Finally, we will discuss the role of individual TRAF proteins in the regulation of T cell-dependent humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pedros
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kok-Fai Kong
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
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31
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Li G, Boucher JC, Kotani H, Park K, Zhang Y, Shrestha B, Wang X, Guan L, Beatty N, Abate-Daga D, Davila ML. 4-1BB enhancement of CAR T function requires NF-κB and TRAFs. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121322. [PMID: 30232281 PMCID: PMC6237232 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have an antigen-binding domain fused to transmembrane, costimulatory, and CD3ζ domains. Two CARs with regulatory approval include a CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory domain. While both CARs achieve similar clinical outcomes, biologic differences have become apparent but not completely understood. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify mechanistic differences between 4-1BB and CD28 costimulation that contribute to the biologic differences between the 2 CARs and could be exploited to enhance CAR T cell function. Using CD19-targeted CAR T cells with 4-1BB we determined that enhancement of T cell function is driven by NF-κB. Comparison to CAR T cells with CD28 also revealed that 4-1BB is associated with more antiapoptotic proteins and dependence on persistence for B cell killing. While TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) has been presupposed to be required for 4-1BB costimulation in CAR T cells, we determined that TRAF1 and TRAF3 are also critical. We observed that TRAFs impacted CAR T viability and proliferation, as well as cytotoxicity and/or cytokines, in part by regulating NF-κB. Our study demonstrates how 4-1BB costimulation in CAR T cells impacts antitumor eradication and clinical outcomes and has implications for enhanced CAR design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Li
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Justin C. Boucher
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kotani
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kyungho Park
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bishwas Shrestha
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lawrence Guan
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nolan Beatty
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Marco L. Davila
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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32
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Zhu S, Jin J, Gokhale S, Lu AM, Shan H, Feng J, Xie P. Genetic Alterations of TRAF Proteins in Human Cancers. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2111. [PMID: 30294322 PMCID: PMC6158389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins regulate the signal transduction pathways of a variety of receptors, including the TNF-R superfamily, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and cytokine receptors. TRAF-dependent signaling pathways participate in a diverse array of important cellular processes, including the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Many of these TRAF-dependent signaling pathways have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Here we analyze the current evidence of genetic alterations of TRAF molecules available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) as well as the published literature, including copy number variations and mutation landscape of TRAFs in various human cancers. Such analyses reveal that both gain- and loss-of-function genetic alterations of different TRAF proteins are commonly present in a number of human cancers. These include pancreatic cancer, meningioma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, and B cell malignancies, among others. Furthermore, we summarize the key in vivo and in vitro evidence that demonstrates the causal roles of genetic alterations of TRAF proteins in tumorigenesis within different cell types and organs. Taken together, the information presented in this review provides a rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to manipulate TRAF proteins or TRAF-dependent signaling pathways in different human cancers by precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Angeli M. Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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33
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Muller J, Baeyens A, Dustin ML. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily in T Cell Priming and Effector Function. Adv Immunol 2018; 140:21-57. [PMID: 30366518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and their ligands mediate lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis in addition to key aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses. T cells of the adaptive immune system express a number of TNFRSF members that are used to receive signals at different instructive stages and produce several tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members as effector molecules. There is also one example of a TNFRSF member serving as a ligand for negative regulatory checkpoint receptors. In most cases, the ligands in afferent and efferent phases are membrane proteins and thus the interaction with TNFRSF members must take place in immunological synapses and other modes of cell-cell interaction. A particular feature of the TNFRSF-mediated signaling is the prominent use of linear ubiquitin chains as scaffolds for signaling complexes that activate nuclear factor κ-B and Fos/Jun transcriptional regulators. This review will focus on the signaling mechanisms triggered by TNFRSF members in their role as costimulators of early and late phases of T cell instruction and the delivery mechanism of TNFSF members through the immunological synapses of helper and cytotoxic effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Muller
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Immunology Training Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Audrey Baeyens
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Immunology Training Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Immunology Training Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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34
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Ajina A, Maher J. Strategies to Address Chimeric Antigen Receptor Tonic Signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1795-1815. [PMID: 30181329 PMCID: PMC6130819 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer using chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has emerged as one of the most promising new therapeutic modalities for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. Thus far, results in patients with advanced solid tumors have proven disappointing. Constitutive tonic signaling in the absence of ligand is an increasingly recognized complication when deploying these synthetic fusion receptors and can be a cause of poor antitumor efficacy, impaired survival, and reduced persistence in vivo In parallel, ligand-dependent tonic signaling can mediate toxicity and promote T-cell anergy, exhaustion, and activation-induced cell death. Here, we review the mechanisms underpinning CAR tonic signaling and highlight the wide variety of effects that can emerge after making subtle structural changes or altering the methodology of CAR transduction. We highlight strategies to prevent unconstrained tonic signaling and address its deleterious consequences. We also frame this phenomenon in the context of endogenous TCR tonic signaling, which has been shown to regulate peripheral tolerance, facilitate the targeting of foreign antigens, and suggest opportunities to coopt ligand-dependent CAR tonic signaling to facilitate in vivo persistence and efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1795-815. ©2018 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ajina
- CAR Mechanics Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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35
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Shi JH, Sun SC. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor Regulation of Nuclear Factor κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1849. [PMID: 30140268 PMCID: PMC6094638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of structurally related proteins that transduces signals from members of TNFR superfamily and various other immune receptors. Major downstream signaling events mediated by the TRAF molecules include activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In addition, some TRAF family members, particularly TRAF2 and TRAF3, serve as negative regulators of specific signaling pathways, such as the noncanonical NF-κB and proinflammatory toll-like receptor pathways. Thus, TRAFs possess important and complex signaling functions in the immune system and play an important role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review will focus on the role of TRAF proteins in the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Gomes-Silva D, Mukherjee M, Srinivasan M, Krenciute G, Dakhova O, Zheng Y, Cabral JMS, Rooney CM, Orange JS, Brenner MK, Mamonkin M. Tonic 4-1BB Costimulation in Chimeric Antigen Receptors Impedes T Cell Survival and Is Vector-Dependent. Cell Rep 2018; 21:17-26. [PMID: 28978471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-independent tonic signaling by chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can increase differentiation and exhaustion of T cells, limiting their potency. Incorporating 4-1BB costimulation in CARs may enable T cells to resist this functional exhaustion; however, the potential ramifications of tonic 4-1BB signaling in CAR T cells remain unclear. Here, we found that tonic CAR-derived 4-1BB signaling can produce toxicity in T cells via continuous TRAF2-dependent activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and augmented FAS-dependent cell death. This mechanism was amplified in a non-self-inactivating gammaretroviral vector through positive feedback on the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, further enhancing CAR expression and tonic signaling. Attenuating CAR expression by substitution with a self-inactivating lentiviral vector minimized tonic signaling and improved T cell expansion and anti-tumor function. These studies illuminate the interaction between tonic CAR signaling and the chosen expression platform and identify inhibitory properties of the 4-1BB costimulatory domain that have direct implications for rational CAR design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gomes-Silva
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Malini Mukherjee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madhuwanti Srinivasan
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Olga Dakhova
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yueting Zheng
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maksim Mamonkin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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According to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Stage, Interleukin-7 Plus 4-1BB Triggering Alone or Combined with PD-1 Blockade Increases TRAF1 low HCV-Specific CD8 + Cell Reactivity. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01443-17. [PMID: 29093082 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01443-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells suffer a progressive exhaustion during persistent infection (PI) with HCV. This process could involve the positive immune checkpoint 4-1BB/4-1BBL through the loss of its signal transducer, TRAF1. To address this issue, peripheral HCV-specific CD8+ T cells (pentamer-positive [pentamer+]/CD8+ T cells) from patients with PI and resolved infection (RI) after treatment were studied. The duration of HCV infection and the liver fibrosis progression rate inversely correlated with the likelihood of detection of peripheral pentamer+/CD8+ cells. In PI, pentamer+/CD8+ cells had impaired antigen-specific reactivity that worsened when these cells were not detectable ex vivo Short/midduration PI was characterized by detectable peripheral PD-1+ CD127low TRAF1low cells. After triggering of T cell receptors (TCR), the TRAF1 level positively correlated with the levels of CD127, Mcl-1, and CD107a expression and proliferation intensity but negatively with PD-1 expression, linking TRAF1low to exhaustion. In vitro treatment with interleukin-7 (IL-7) upregulated TRAF1 expression, while treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) did the opposite, suggesting that the IL-7/TGF-β1 balance, besides TCR stimulation, could be involved in TRAF1 regulation. In fact, the serum TGF-β1 concentration was higher in patients with PI than in patients with RI, and it negatively correlated with TRAF1 expression. In line with IL-7 increasing the level of TRAF1 expression, IL-7 plus 4-1BBL treatment in vitro enhanced T cell reactivity in patients with short/midduration infection. However, in patients with long-lasting PI, anti-PD-L1, in addition to the combination of IL-7 and 4-1BBL, was necessary to reestablish T cell proliferation in individuals with slowly progressing liver fibrosis (slow fibrosers) but had no effect in rapid fibrosers. In conclusion, a peripheral hyporeactive TRAF1low HCV-specific CD8+ T cell response, restorable by IL-7 plus 4-1BBL treatment, characterizes short/midduration PI. In long-lasting disease, HCV-specific CD8+ T cells are rarely detectable ex vivo, but treatment with IL-7, 4-1BBL, and anti-PD-L1 recovers their reactivity in vitro in slow fibrosers.IMPORTANCE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 71 million people worldwide. Two-thirds develop a chronic disease that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Direct-acting antivirals clear the infection, but there are still patients who relapse. In these cases, additional immunotherapy could play a vital role. A successful anti-HCV immune response depends on virus-specific CD8+ T cells. During chronic infection, these cells are functionally impaired, which could be due to the failure of costimulation. This study describes exhausted specific T cells, characterized by low levels of expression of the signal transducer TRAF1 of the positive costimulatory pathway 4-1BB/4-1BBL. IL-7 upregulated TRAF1 expression and improved T cell reactivity in patients with short/midduration disease, while in patients with long-lasting infection, it was also necessary to block the negative PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint. When the results are taken together, this work supports novel ways of restoring the specific CD8+ T cell response, shedding light on the importance of TRAF1 signaling. This could be a promising target for future immunotherapy.
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Co-stimulation Agonists via CD137, OX40, GITR, and CD27 for Immunotherapy of Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zhu S, Jin J, Gokhale S, Lu AM, Shan H, Feng J, Xie P. Genetic Alterations of TRAF Proteins in Human Cancers. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 30294322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02111/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins regulate the signal transduction pathways of a variety of receptors, including the TNF-R superfamily, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and cytokine receptors. TRAF-dependent signaling pathways participate in a diverse array of important cellular processes, including the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Many of these TRAF-dependent signaling pathways have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Here we analyze the current evidence of genetic alterations of TRAF molecules available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) as well as the published literature, including copy number variations and mutation landscape of TRAFs in various human cancers. Such analyses reveal that both gain- and loss-of-function genetic alterations of different TRAF proteins are commonly present in a number of human cancers. These include pancreatic cancer, meningioma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, and B cell malignancies, among others. Furthermore, we summarize the key in vivo and in vitro evidence that demonstrates the causal roles of genetic alterations of TRAF proteins in tumorigenesis within different cell types and organs. Taken together, the information presented in this review provides a rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to manipulate TRAF proteins or TRAF-dependent signaling pathways in different human cancers by precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Angeli M Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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40
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Lalani AI, Zhu S, Gokhale S, Jin J, Xie P. TRAF molecules in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 29527458 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of TRAF molecules in inflammation with an emphasis on available human evidence and direct in vivo evidence of mouse models that demonstrate the contribution of TRAF molecules in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Recent Findings The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic proteins was initially identified as signaling adaptors that bind directly to the intracellular domains of receptors of the TNF-R superfamily. It is now appreciated that TRAF molecules are widely employed in signaling by a variety of adaptive and innate immune receptors as well as cytokine receptors. TRAF-dependent signaling pathways typically lead to the activation of nuclear factor-κBs (NF-κBs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), or interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs). Most of these signaling pathways have been linked to inflammation, and therefore TRAF molecules were expected to regulate inflammation and inflammatory responses since their discovery in 1990s. However, direct in vivo evidence of TRAFs in inflammation and especially in inflammatory diseases had been lacking for many years, partly due to the difficulty imposed by early lethality of TRAF2-/-, TRAF3-/-, and TRAF6-/- mice. With the creation of conditional knockout and lineage-specific transgenic mice of different TRAF molecules, our understanding about TRAFs in inflammation and inflammatory responses has rapidly advanced during the past decade. Summary Increasing evidence indicates that TRAF molecules are versatile and indispensable regulators of inflammation and inflammatory responses and that aberrant expression or function of TRAFs contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almin I Lalani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Sining Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81st, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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Wang C, Edilova MI, Wagar LE, Mujib S, Singer M, Bernard NF, Croughs T, Lederman MM, Sereti I, Fischl MA, Kremmer E, Ostrowski M, Routy JP, Watts TH. Effect of IL-7 Therapy on Phospho-Ribosomal Protein S6 and TRAF1 Expression in HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells in Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:558-564. [PMID: 29222166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 therapy has been evaluated in patients who do not regain normal CD4 T cell counts after virologically successful antiretroviral therapy. IL-7 increases total circulating CD4 and CD8 T cell counts; however, its effect on HIV-specific CD8 T cells has not been fully examined. TRAF1, a prosurvival signaling adaptor required for 4-1BB-mediated costimulation, is lost from chronically stimulated virus-specific CD8 T cells with progression of HIV infection in humans and during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection in mice. Previous results showed that IL-7 can restore TRAF1 expression in virus-specific CD8 T cells in mice, rendering them sensitive to anti-4-1BB agonist therapy. In this article, we show that IL-7 therapy in humans increases the number of circulating HIV-specific CD8 T cells. For a subset of patients, we also observed an increased frequency of TRAF1+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells 10 wk after completion of IL-7 treatment. IL-7 treatment increased levels of phospho-ribosomal protein S6 in HIV-specific CD8 T cells, suggesting increased activation of the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1. Thus, IL-7 therapy in antiretroviral therapy-treated patients induces sustained changes in the number and phenotype of HIV-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria I Edilova
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lisa E Wagar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shariq Mujib
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Nicole F Bernard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Clinical Immunology, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Thérèse Croughs
- Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Margaret A Fischl
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B1W8, Canada; and
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Immunodeficiency Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;
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Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB: mechanistic rationale, clinical results, and future strategies. Blood 2017; 131:49-57. [PMID: 29118009 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-741041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is an inducible costimulatory receptor expressed on activated T and natural killer (NK) cells. 4-1BB ligation on T cells triggers a signaling cascade that results in upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules, cytokine secretion, and enhanced effector function. In dysfunctional T cells that have a decreased cytotoxic capacity, 4-1BB ligation demonstrates a potent ability to restore effector functions. On NK cells, 4-1BB signaling can increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Agonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting 4-1BB have been developed to harness 4-1BB signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical results in a variety of induced and spontaneous tumor models suggest that targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies can lead to tumor clearance and durable antitumor immunity. Clinical trials of 2 agonist antibodies, urelumab and utomilumab, are ongoing. Despite initial signs of efficacy, clinical development of urelumab has been hampered by inflammatory liver toxicity at doses >1 mg/kg. Utomilumab has a superior safety profile, but is a less potent 4-1BB agonist relative to urelumab. Both antibodies have demonstrated promising results in patients with lymphoma and are being tested in combination therapy trials with other immunomodulatory agents. In an effort to optimally leverage 4-1BB-mediated immune activation, the next generation of 4-1BB targeting strategies attempts to decouple the observed antitumor efficacy from the on-target liver toxicity. Multiple therapeutics that attempt to restrict 4-1BB agonism to the tumor microenvironment and minimize systemic exposure have emerged. 4-1BB is a compelling target for cancer immunotherapy and future agents show great promise for achieving potent immune activation while avoiding limiting immune-related adverse events.
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Mbanwi AN, Lin GH, Wang KC, Watts TH. Constitutive interaction between 4-1BB and 4-1BBL on murine LPS-activated bone marrow dendritic cells masks detection of 4-1BBL by TKS-1 but not 19H3 antibody. J Immunol Methods 2017; 450:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Azpilikueta A, Bolaños E, Lang V, Labiano S, Aznar MA, Etxeberria I, Teijeira A, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Perez-Gracia JL, Jure-Kunkel M, Zapata JM, Rodriguez MS, Melero I. Deubiquitinases A20 and CYLD modulate costimulatory signaling via CD137 (4-1BB). Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1368605. [PMID: 29296520 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1368605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAF2 dependent K63-polyubiquitinations have been recently shown to connect CD137 (4-1BB) stimulation to NF-κB activation. In a search of deubiquitinase enzymes (DUBs) that could regulate such a signaling route, A20 and CYLD were found to coimmunoprecipitate with CD137 and TRAF2 complexes. Indeed, overexpression of A20 or CYLD downregulated CD137-elicited ubiquitination of TRAF2 and TAK1 upon stimulation with agonist monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, overexpression of A20 or CYLD downregulated CD137-induced NF-κB activation in cultured cells and in gene-transferred hepatocytes in vivo, while silencing these deubiquitinases enhanced CD137 costimulation of primary human CD8 T cells. Therefore A20 and CYLD directly downregulate the signaling from a T and NK-cell costimulatory receptor under exploitation for cancer immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Azpilikueta
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Valerie Lang
- Inbiomed Fundation, Fundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesechymal Stem Cell Laboratory, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Labiano
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria A Aznar
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,University Clinic, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose L Perez-Gracia
- University Clinic, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Juan M Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel S Rodriguez
- Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Tolouse, France
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,University Clinic, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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45
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The non-canonical NF-κB pathway in immunity and inflammation. NATURE REVIEWS. IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28580957 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.52)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and biological functions. Recent studies have revealed important roles for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in regulating different aspects of immune functions. Defects in non-canonical NF-κB signalling are associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas dysregulated activation of this pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we review the signalling mechanisms and the biological function of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. We also discuss recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation, which may provide new opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
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Wang F, Qu N, Peng J, Yue C, Yuan L, Yuan Y. CagA promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of GES-1 cells by upregulating TRAF1/4-1BB. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1262-1268. [PMID: 28627614 PMCID: PMC5561785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is one of the most important virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, and serves a role in H. pylori‑mediated tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CagA on the proliferation and apoptosis of GES‑1 cells, and the underlying mechanism. A CagA eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into GES‑1 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of CagA, tumor necrosis factor receptor‑associated factor 1 (TRAF1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (4‑1BB) were determined using the reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Western blot and ELISA analysis was used to detect the release of interleukin (IL)‑8. An MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis was used to assess cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Ectopic expression of CagA markedly increased TRAF1 and 4‑1BB mRNA and protein levels in GES‑1 cells. CagA increased the expression and release of IL‑8 in GES‑1 cells. The expression of CagA significantly promoted the proliferation (P<0.05) and inhibited the apoptosis (P<0.05) of GES‑1 cells. In conclusion, CagA upregulated TRAF1/4‑1BB, thereby promoting the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of GES-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Nanfang Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and biological functions. Recent studies have revealed important roles for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in regulating different aspects of immune functions. Defects in non-canonical NF-κB signalling are associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas dysregulated activation of this pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we review the signalling mechanisms and the biological function of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. We also discuss recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation, which may provide new opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Heath Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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48
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Gao SF, Zhong B, Lin D. Regulation of T helper cell differentiation by E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 42:150-156. [PMID: 27914308 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are essential components of adaptive immunity and play a critical role in anti-pathogenic or anti-tumor responses as well as autoimmune and allergic diseases. Naive CD4 T cells differentiate into distinct subsets of T helper (Th) cells by various signals including TCR, costimulatory and cytokine signals. Accumulating evidence suggests that these signaling pathways are critically regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination, two reversible posttranslational modifications mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), respectively. In this review, we briefly introduce the signaling pathways that control the differentiation of Th cells and then focused on the roles of E3s- and DUBs-mediated ubiquitin modification or demodification in regulating Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Fa Gao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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49
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The signaling adaptor TRAF1 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor signaling and this underlies its role in rheumatic disease. Nat Immunol 2016; 18:26-35. [PMID: 27893701 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TRAF1 is a signaling adaptor known for its role in tumor necrosis factor receptor-induced cell survival. Here we show that monocytes from healthy human subjects with a rheumatoid arthritis-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TRAF1 gene express less TRAF1 protein but greater amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The TRAF1 MATH domain binds directly to three components of the linear ubiquitination (LUBAC) complex, SHARPIN, HOIP and HOIL-1, to interfere with the recruitment and linear ubiquitination of NEMO. This results in decreased NF-κB activation and cytokine production, independently of tumor necrosis factor. Consistent with this, Traf1-/- mice show increased susceptibility to LPS-induced septic shock. These findings reveal an unexpected role for TRAF1 in negatively regulating Toll-like receptor signaling, providing a mechanistic explanation for the increased inflammation seen with a disease-associated TRAF1 SNP.
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50
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Forsythoside A Inhibits BVDV Replication via TRAF2-Dependent CD28-4-1BB Signaling in Bovine PBMCs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162791. [PMID: 27617959 PMCID: PMC5019491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD/MD), is an important pathogen of cattle and other wild animals throughout the world. BVDV infection typically leads to an impaired immune response in cattle. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Forsythoside A (FTA) on BVDV infection of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found that Forsythoside A could not only promote proliferation of PBMCs and T cells activation but also inhibit the replication of BVDV as well as apoptosis induced by BVDV. FTA treatment could counteract the BVDV-induced overproduction of IFN-γ to maintain the immune homeostasis in bovine PBMCs. At same time, FTA can enhance the secretion of IL-2. What's more, BVDV promotes the expression of CD28, 4-1BB and TRAF-2, which can be modulated by FTA. Our data suggest that FTA protects PBMCs from BVDV infection possibly via TRAF2-dependent CD28-4-1BB signaling, which may activate PBMCs in response to BVDV infection. Therefore, this aids in the development of an effective adjuvant for vaccines against BVDV and other specific FTA-based therapies for preventing BVDV infection.
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