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Syed RU, Alshammari MD, Banu H, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Nagaraju P, Alshammari A. Targeting the autophagy-miRNA axis in prostate cancer: toward novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03153-0. [PMID: 38761210 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Since prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, a better understanding of the molecular pathways guiding its development is imperative. A key factor in prostate cancer is autophagy, a cellular mechanism that affects both cell survival and death. Autophagy is essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is a physiological mechanism wherein redundant or malfunctioning cellular constituents are broken down and recycled. It is essential for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Autophagy has been linked to metastasis, tumor development, and treatment resistance in prostate cancer. The deregulation of miRNAs related to autophagy appears to be a crucial element in the etiology of prostate cancer. These miRNAs influence the destiny of cancer cells by finely regulating autophagic mechanisms. Numerous investigations have emphasized the dual function of specific miRNAs in prostate cancer, which alter autophagy-related pathways to function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Notably, miRNAs have been linked to the control of autophagy and the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of prostate cancer cells. To create customized therapy approaches, it is imperative to comprehend the dynamic interplay between autophagy and miRNAs in prostate cancer. The identification of key miRNAs provides potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. Unraveling the complex network of lncRNAs, like PCA3, also expands the repertoire of molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. This review explores the intricate interplay between autophagy and miRNAs in prostate cancer, focusing on their regulatory roles in cellular processes ranging from survival to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maali D Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humera Banu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam M A Khojali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, 14415, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Potnuri Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandesh Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Center, Mhaswad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alia Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Kimura K, Jackson TLB, Huang RCC. Interaction and Collaboration of SP1, HIF-1, and MYC in Regulating the Expression of Cancer-Related Genes to Further Enhance Anticancer Drug Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9262-9283. [PMID: 37998757 PMCID: PMC10670631 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (SP1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and MYC are important transcription factors (TFs). SP1, a constitutively expressed housekeeping gene, regulates diverse yet distinct biological activities; MYC is a master regulator of all key cellular activities including cell metabolism and proliferation; and HIF-1, whose protein level is rapidly increased when the local tissue oxygen concentration decreases, functions as a mediator of hypoxic signals. Systems analyses of the regulatory networks in cancer have shown that SP1, HIF-1, and MYC belong to a group of TFs that function as master regulators of cancer. Therefore, the contributions of these TFs are crucial to the development of cancer. SP1, HIF-1, and MYC are often overexpressed in tumors, which indicates the importance of their roles in the development of cancer. Thus, proper manipulation of SP1, HIF-1, and MYC by appropriate agents could have a strong negative impact on cancer development. Under these circumstances, these TFs have naturally become major targets for anticancer drug development. Accordingly, there are currently many SP1 or HIF-1 inhibitors available; however, designing efficient MYC inhibitors has been extremely difficult. Studies have shown that SP1, HIF-1, and MYC modulate the expression of each other and collaborate to regulate the expression of numerous genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the interactions and collaborations of SP1, HIF1A, and MYC in the regulation of various cancer-related genes, and their potential implications in the development of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ru Chih C. Huang
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA
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3
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Torres G, Mourad M, Iqbal S, Moses-Fynn E, Pandita A, Siddhartha SS, Sood RA, Srinivasan K, Subbaiah RT, Tiwari A, Leheste JR. Conceptualizing Epigenetics and the Environmental Landscape of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1734. [PMID: 37761876 PMCID: PMC10531442 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between gene variants and environmental risk factors underlie the pathophysiological pathways in major psychiatric disorders. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition in which susceptible alleles along with epigenetic states contribute to the mutational landscape of the ailing brain. The present work reviews recent evolutionary, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms potentially linked to the etiology of autism. First, we present a clinical vignette to describe clusters of maladaptive behaviors frequently diagnosed in autistic patients. Next, we microdissect brain regions pertinent to the nosology of autism, as well as cell networks from the bilateral body plan. Lastly, we catalog a number of pathogenic environments associated with disease risk factors. This set of perspectives provides emerging insights into the dynamic interplay between epigenetic and environmental variation in the development of Autism Spectrum Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Torres
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Medaille College, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Mervat Mourad
- Department of Clinical Specialties, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
| | - Saba Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Emmanuel Moses-Fynn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Ashani Pandita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Shriya S. Siddhartha
- Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA;
| | - Riya A. Sood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Kavya Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Riya T. Subbaiah
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Alisha Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Joerg R. Leheste
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.I.); (E.M.-F.); (A.P.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.); (A.T.)
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Mahmoudian RA, Akhlaghipour I, Lotfi M, Shahidsales S, Moghbeli M. Circular RNAs as the pivotal regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastrointestinal tumor cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154472. [PMID: 37087995 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the most common human malignancies are always considered one of the most important health challenges in the world. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate and treatment failure in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular pathways involved in GI tumor progression is required to introduce the efficient markers for the early tumor diagnosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in the GI tumor metastasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main regulatory factors in EMT process. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of covalently closed loop ncRNAs that have higher stability in body fluids compared with other ncRNAs. Considering the importance of circRNAs in regulation of EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of circRNAs in EMT process during GI tumor invasion. It has been reported that circRNAs mainly affect the EMT process through the regulation of EMT-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways such as WNT, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK. This review can be an effective step in introducing a circRNA/EMT based diagnostic panel marker for the early tumor detection among GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Safe S. Specificity Proteins (Sp) and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5164. [PMID: 36982239 PMCID: PMC10048989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 exhibit structural and functional similarities in cancer cells and extensive studies of Sp1 show that it is a negative prognostic factor for patients with multiple tumor types. In this review, the role of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in the development of cancer and their regulation of pro-oncogenic factors and pathways is reviewed. In addition, interactions with non-coding RNAs and the development of agents that target Sp transcription factors are also discussed. Studies on normal cell transformation into cancer cell lines show that this transformation process is accompanied by increased levels of Sp1 in most cell models, and in the transformation of muscle cells into rhabdomyosarcoma, both Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp4, are increased. The pro-oncogenic functions of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in cancer cell lines were studied in knockdown studies where silencing of each individual Sp TF decreased cancer growth, invasion and induced apoptosis. Silencing of an individual Sp TF was not compensated for by the other two and it was concluded that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are examples of non-oncogene addicted genes. This conclusion was strengthened by the results of Sp TF interactions with non-coding microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs where Sp1 contributed to pro-oncogenic functions of Sp/non-coding RNAs. There are now many examples of anticancer agents and pharmaceuticals that induce downregulation/degradation of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4, yet clinical applications of drugs specifically targeting Sp TFs are not being used. The application of agents targeting Sp TFs in combination therapies should be considered for their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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6
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Funato N, Yanagisawa H. TBX1 targets the miR-200-ZEB2 axis to induce epithelial differentiation and inhibit stem cell properties. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20188. [PMID: 36418889 PMCID: PMC9684448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX1, which encodes a T-box transcription factor, is considered a candidate gene for DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome. Transduction of TBX1 decreases cell proliferation in epithelial cancer cells and Tbx1 ablation induces epithelial proliferation during palatal development. Here, we report that TBX1 regulates stem cell properties and epithelial differentiation through the transcriptional activation of microRNAs. Stable expression of TBX1 induces microRNA-200 (miR-200), whose members repress the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and induce epithelial differentiation. TBX1 rescues ZEB2-dependent transcriptional inhibition of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster, whose promoter region contains conserved overlapping cis-regulatory motifs of the ZEB-binding E-box and TBX-binding element. Consequently, TBX1 activates the expression of both miR-200 and stemness-inhibitor miR-203 to inhibit their common targets, BMI1 and ZEB2. Moreover, Tbx1 ablation affects the differentiation of the palatal epithelium and perturbs the expression of miR-200, miR-203, and their target genes. We propose that TBX1 links stem cell properties and epithelial differentiation by inducing miR-200 and miR-203. Thus, targeting of the ZEB2-miR-200 axis by TBX1 may have potential therapeutic implications in miR-200-associated tumors and cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Funato
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Signal Gene Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan ,grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577 Japan
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Yu C, Liu Q, Wang J. A physical mechanism of heterogeneity and micro-metastasis in stem cell, cancer and cancer stem cell. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:075103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, United States of America
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8
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Song Y, Tran M, Wang L, Shin DJ, Wu J. MiR-200c-3p targets SESN1 and represses the IL-6/AKT loop to prevent cholangiocyte activation and cholestatic liver fibrosis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:485-493. [PMID: 34880414 PMCID: PMC9042705 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis causes ductular reaction in the liver where the reactive cholangiocytes not only proliferate but also gain a neuroendocrine-like phenotype, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition and contributing to the development and progression of cholestatic liver fibrosis. This study aims to elucidate the role of miR-200c in cholestasis-induced biliary liver fibrosis and cholangiocyte activation. We found that miR-200c was extremely abundant in cholangiocytes but was reduced by cholestasis in a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model; miR-200c was also decreased by bile acids in vitro. Phenotypically, loss of miR-200c exacerbated cholestatic liver injury, including periductular fibrosis, intrahepatic inflammation, and biliary hyperplasia in both the BDL model and the 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) model. We identified sestrin 1 (SESN1) as a target of miR-200c. Sesn1-/--BDL mice showed mitigation of cholestatic liver injury. On a molecular level, the pro-proliferative IL-6/AKT feedback loop was activated in Mir200c-/- livers but was inhibited in Sesn1-/- livers upon cholestasis in mice. Furthermore, rescuing expression of miR-200c by the adeno-associated virus serotype 8 ameliorated BDL-induced liver injury in Mir200c-/- mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-200c restrains the proliferative and neuroendocrine-like activation of cholangiocytes by targeting SESN1 and inhibiting the IL-6/AKT feedback loop to protect against cholestatic liver fibrosis. Our findings provide mechanistic insights regarding biliary liver fibrosis, which may help to reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Song
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shandong, China
| | - Melanie Tran
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Li Wang
- Independent Researcher, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Zhang X, Tanwar VS, Jose CC, Lee HW, Cuddapah S. Transcriptional repression of E-cadherin in nickel-exposed lung epithelial cells mediated by loss of Sp1 binding at the promoter. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:99-110. [PMID: 34727382 PMCID: PMC8665052 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays a central role in the stability of epithelial tissues by facilitating cell-cell adhesion. Loss of E-cadherin expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a major event in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. Our earlier studies showed that nickel, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, induced EMT by persistently downregulating E-cadherin expression in human lung epithelial cells and that the EMT remained irreversible postexposure. However, the molecular basis of persistent E-cadherin downregulation by nickel exposure is not understood. Here, our studies show that the binding of transcription factor Sp1 to the promoter of E-cadherin encoding gene, CDH1, is essential for its expression. Nickel exposure caused a loss of Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter, resulting in its downregulation and EMT induction. Loss of Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter was associated with an increase in the binding of ZEB1 adjacent to the Sp1 binding site. ZEB1, an EMT master regulator persistently upregulated by nickel exposure, is a negative regulator of CDH1. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of ZEB1 restored Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter. Furthermore, ZEB1 knockout rescued E-cadherin expression and re-established the epithelial phenotype. Since EMT is associated with a number of nickel-exposure-associated chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, fibrosis and cancer and metastasis, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms associated with nickel pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Cavallari I, Ciccarese F, Sharova E, Urso L, Raimondi V, Silic-Benussi M, D’Agostino DM, Ciminale V. The miR-200 Family of microRNAs: Fine Tuners of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Circulating Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5874. [PMID: 34884985 PMCID: PMC8656820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-200 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) includes miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429, five evolutionarily conserved miRNAs that are encoded in two clusters of hairpin precursors located on human chromosome 1 (miR-200b, miR-200a and miR-429) and chromosome 12 (miR-200c and miR-141). The mature -3p products of the precursors are abundantly expressed in epithelial cells, where they contribute to maintaining the epithelial phenotype by repressing expression of factors that favor the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key hallmark of oncogenic transformation. Extensive studies of the expression and interactions of these miRNAs with cell signaling pathways indicate that they can exert both tumor suppressor- and pro-metastatic functions, and may serve as biomarkers of epithelial cancers. This review provides a summary of the role of miR-200 family members in EMT, factors that regulate their expression, and important targets for miR-200-mediated repression that are involved in EMT. The second part of the review discusses the potential utility of circulating miR-200 family members as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, prostate and bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cavallari
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Francesco Ciccarese
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Evgeniya Sharova
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Loredana Urso
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Micol Silic-Benussi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Donna M. D’Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
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11
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Shi M, Sirard MA. Cocultured porcine granulosa cells respond to excess non-esterified fatty acids during in vitro maturation. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:142. [PMID: 34711256 PMCID: PMC8554973 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are one of the main lipid components of follicular fluid at concentrations that depend on circulating levels. Elevated levels of NEFAs impair oocyte quality, development potential, and may subsequently influence the metabolism and reproductive fitness of offspring. Granulosa cells (GCs) are the follicular cells that are closely communicating with the oocyte. However, the responses of GCs exposed to high levels of NEFAs when cocultured with cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and how they attenuate the negative effects of NEFAs on oocytes, are unclear. Results To better understand this protective effect, monolayers of porcine GCs were cocultured with COCs during in vitro maturation (IVM) in the presence of elevated levels of NEFAs. Genomic expression analysis was conducted to explore the responses of the GCs to the elevated levels of NEFAs. After limma algorithm analysis, 1,013 genes were differentially expressed between GCs cultured with and without elevated NEFAs. Among them, 438 genes were upregulated and 575 were downregulated. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways related to metabolism, inflammation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusions The pathways and upstream regulators suggested that the cocultured GCs responded to the elevated NEFAs with (1) inhibition of the transition from granulosa to luteal cell, (2) interactions of metabolism change, anti-inflammation, mitochondrial function, and cell transition, (3) intercommunication with cocultured COCs of anti-inflammatory factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-021-00904-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Shi
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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12
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MicroRNA-375: potential cancer suppressor and therapeutic drug. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229736. [PMID: 34494089 PMCID: PMC8458691 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-375 is a conserved noncoding RNA that is known to be involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Previous studies have shown that miR-375 affects the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human tumor cells via some key transcription factors, such as Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), Specificity protein 1 (SP1) and signaling pathways (Wnt signaling pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway) and is vital for the development of cancer. Additionally, recent studies have identified microRNA (miRNA) delivery system carriers for improved in vivo transportation of miR-375 to specific sites. Here, we discussed the role of miR-375 in different types of cancers, as well as molecular mechanisms, and analyzed the potential of miR-375 as a molecular biomarker and therapeutic target to improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis of cancer.
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Górecki I, Rak B. The role of microRNAs in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancers; focusing on mir-200 family. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100385. [PMID: 34023767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with cancer malignancy and metastases. Cells undergoing EMT lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire mesenchymal phenotype. This process is accompanied by several molecular changes such as decrease of E-cadherin and increase of N-cadherin which is called the "cadherin swich". MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs having ability to regulate genes post-transcriptionally. Nowadays they are believed to take part in multiple physiological and pathological processes including cancer development. Comparison between TargetScan7 (www.targetscan.org) results for miR-200b and metanalysis of genes involved in EMT showed that miR-200b has a potential binding site in 60 genes that are involved in EMT (the majority of them were associated with mesenchymal phenotype). Our review summarizes literature findings contributing to experimentally proven interactions between miR-200b and genes involved in EMT process including cell receptors, signaling pathways, cell cycle or cell adhesion. The results of those interactions indicate that miR-200b may have an inhibitory impact on EMT or even in selected cases is able to restore epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Górecki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Nielubowicza 5, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Wen B, Zhu R, Jin H, Zhao K. Differential expression and role of miR-200 family in multiple tumors. Anal Biochem 2021; 626:114243. [PMID: 33964251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) can maintain the homeostasis of the human by participating in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolism. During the entire stage of tumorigenesis, miRNA can maintain the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells by regulating the formation and metastasis of the tumor, which leads to chemotherapy resistance. miR-200 family consists of five members, which can regulate the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells by inhibiting the transcription of downstream genes (including zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and 2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, transforming growth factor-β, and cancer stem cell related-proteins). Meanwhile, Long non-coding RNA can bind to miR-200s to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. Besides, the expression of the miR-200 family can affect the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
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Safi A, Bastami M, Delghir S, Ilkhani K, Seif F, Alivand MR. miRNAs Modulate the Dichotomy of Cisplatin Resistance or Sensitivity in Breast Cancer: An Update of Therapeutic Implications. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1069-1081. [PMID: 32885760 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200903145939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin has a broad-spectrum antitumor activity and is widely used for the treatment of various malignant tumors. However, acquired or intrinsic resistance of cisplatin is a major problem for patients during the therapy. Recently, it has been reported Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-derived drug resistance is a great challenge of tumor development and recurrence; therefore, the sensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) to cisplatin is of particular importance. Increasing evidence has shown that there is a relationship between cisplatin resistance/sensitivity genes and related miRNAs. It is known that dysregulation of relevant miRNAs plays a critical role in regulating target genes of cisplatin resistance/sensitivity in various pathways such as cellular uptake/efflux, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), hypoxia, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the efficacy of the current chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin, for providing personalized medicine, can be improved by controlling the expression of miRNAs. Thus, potential targeting of miRNAs can lead to miRNA-based therapies, which will help overcome drug resistance and develop more effective personalized anti-cancer and cotreatment strategies in breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the general understandings of miRNAregulated biological processes in breast cancer, particularly focused on the role of miRNA in cisplatin resistance/ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Safi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Delghir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Alivand
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Duan J, Wang L, Shang L, Yang S, Wu H, Huang Y, Miao Y. miR-152/TNS1 axis inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression through Akt/mTOR/RhoA pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20201539. [PMID: 33269380 PMCID: PMC7785040 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the present study was to explore the function and mechanism of tensin 1 (TNS1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. METHODS The expression of TNS1 in NSCLC cells and tissues was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Besides, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was recruited to explore the association between TNS1 and NSCLC. Cell growth was analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry assay, while cell metastasis was determined by wound healing and transwell assays. The targeting relationship between TNS1 and miR-152 was assessed by luciferase activity assays. And Western blot was employed to determine the expression of related proteins of Akt/mTOR/RhoA pathway. RESULTS TNS1 level was boosted in NSCLC cells and tissues, related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Furthermore, it was proved that TNS1 promoted the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells via Akt/mTOR/RhoA pathway. And miR-152 targeted TNS1 to affect the progression of NSCLC. CONCLUSION miR-152/TNS1 axis inhibits the progression of NSCLC by Akt/mTOR/RhoA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Duan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yongcheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 7100033, P.R. China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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MicroRNAs: Emerging oncogenic and tumor-suppressive regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:71-83. [PMID: 33453304 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, causing a devastating impact on human health. The clinical prognosis of lung cancer is usually restricted by delayed diagnosis and resistance to anticancer therapies. MicroRNAs, a range of small endogenous noncoding RNAs 22 nucleotides in length, have emerged as one of the most important players in cancer initiation and progression in recent decades. Current evidence reveals pivotal roles of microRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have also explored the potential of microRNAs as promising biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for lung cancer. The current review summarizes the most recent progress on the functional mechanisms of microRNAs involved in lung cancer development and progression and further discusses the clinical application of miRNAs as putative therapeutic targets for molecular diagnosis and prognostic prediction in lung cancer.
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LaFave LM, Kartha VK, Ma S, Meli K, Del Priore I, Lareau C, Naranjo S, Westcott PMK, Duarte FM, Sankar V, Chiang Z, Brack A, Law T, Hauck H, Okimoto A, Regev A, Buenrostro JD, Jacks T. Epigenomic State Transitions Characterize Tumor Progression in Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:212-228.e13. [PMID: 32707078 PMCID: PMC7641015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory networks that maintain functional, differentiated cell states are often dysregulated in tumor development. Here, we use single-cell epigenomics to profile chromatin state transitions in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We identify an epigenomic continuum representing loss of cellular identity and progression toward a metastatic state. We define co-accessible regulatory programs and infer key activating and repressive chromatin regulators of these cell states. Among these co-accessibility programs, we identify a pre-metastatic transition, characterized by activation of RUNX transcription factors, which mediates extracellular matrix remodeling to promote metastasis and is predictive of survival across human LUAD patients. Together, these results demonstrate the power of single-cell epigenomics to identify regulatory programs to uncover mechanisms and key biomarkers of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M LaFave
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vinay K Kartha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Meli
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Isabella Del Priore
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caleb Lareau
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fabiana M Duarte
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Venkat Sankar
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zachary Chiang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alison Brack
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Travis Law
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Haley Hauck
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Annalisa Okimoto
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Zhang KF, Wang J, Guo J, Huang YY, Huang TR. Metformin enhances radiosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibition of specificity protein 1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 15:1603-1610. [PMID: 31939444 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_297_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Radiotherapy becomes more and more important in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the development of technology, especially in unresectable cases. Metformin has a synergistic benefit with radiotherapy in some cancers, but remains unclear in HCC. This study aims to investigate the effect of metformin on radiosensitivity of HCC cells and the roles of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) as a target of metformin. Methods The SMMC-7721 cell line was exposed to various doses of γ-ray irradiation (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy) and with or without different concentrations of metformin (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM) to measure the radiosensitivity using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle by propidium iodide (PI) staining and apoptosis by Hoechst 33342/PI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to analyze the Sp1 mRNA and protein expressions of Sp1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker E-cadherin and Vimentin. The invasion capability was measured by the Boyden chamber assay. Results In SMMC-7721 cells exposed to irradiation, metformin reduced proliferation and survival cells at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM) and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and inhibited invasion. In SMMC-7721 cells with irradiation, the mRNA and protein expressions of Sp1 were significantly decreased by metformin as well as a selective Sp1 inhibitor. Metformin attenuated transforming growth factor-β1 induced decrease of E-cadherin and increase of Vimentin proteins. Conclusion Metformin demonstrated enhanced radiosensitivity and inhibition of EMT in HCC cells. Sp1 might be a target of metformin in radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fen Zhang
- Research Department, Affifiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi; Department of Pathology, Taishan Sanatorium, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Research Department, Affifiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi; Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Research Department, Affifiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ying Huang
- Research Department, Affifiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ren Huang
- Research Department, Affifiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
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Rajić J, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Arambašić Jovanović J, Tolić A, Đorđević M, Đorđević M, Poznanović G, Mihailović M, Inic-Kanada A, Barisani-Asenbauer T, Grdović N, Vidaković M. DNA methylation of miR-200 clusters promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108047. [PMID: 32387379 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to fibrosis associated pathologies including scarring of different ocular tissues. Recently targeting EMT is seen as an appropriate therapeutic approach for different fibrosis related eye diseases such as macular degeneration or glaucoma surgery related fibrosis. Nevertheless, for ocular surface diseases, target genes specific for particular cell type or condition are still undefined. This study aimed to expose the complex regulatory mechanisms that trigger EMT in human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells. EMT was induced by prolonged treatment with two TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, and their combination. TGF-β1 showed the strongest potential for initiating EMT in HCjE cells, reflected on morphological changes, cell migration and the levels of mRNA expression of different epithelial (CDH1, OCLN, DSP) and mesenchymal (CDH2, FN1, VIM, SNAI1, ZEB2, TWIST1) marker genes. Co-treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) was capable of stopping the transition of HCjE cells towards a mesenchymal phenotype, based on morphological features, reduced cell mobility and mRNA and protein expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal marker genes. An EMT qRT-PCR-based array revealed that EMT induced considerable alterations in gene expression, with downregulation of the majority of epithelial marker genes and upregulation of genes specific for the mesenchymal state. The major effect of 5-AzaC treatment was observed as a suppression of mesenchymal marker genes, suggesting the involvement of upstream negative regulator(s) whose promoter demethylation and subsequent expression will in turn promote EMT switch off. The expression level of miRNAs potentially important for EMT induction was determined using qRT-PCR-based array which pointed at members of miR-200 family as main regulators of EMT process in HCjE cells. 5-AzaC treatment induced increased expression of miR-200a, -200b, -200c and miR-141 towards the control level, indicating important role of DNA methylation in their regulation. The DNA methylation status of both miR-200 family clusters, analyzed with high-resolution melting (HRM) and bisulfite sequencing (Bis-Seq), revealed that TGF-β1-induced EMT was accompanied by increase in promoter CpG methylation of both miR-200 loci, which was reverted after 5-AzaC treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that DNA demethylation of promoters of miR-200 loci is critically important for stopping and reverting the EMT in human conjunctival epithelial cells, suggesting the potential for the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies for treating conjunctival conditions associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Rajić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Poznanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Talin Barisani-Asenbauer
- OCUVAC - Center of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang S, Li Y, Sun S, Cai J, Cao J. Sp1 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration through repressing miR-335 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:211-216. [PMID: 31983431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased miR-335 has been reported in a variety of cancers. We previously showed that miR-335 played an important role in ovarian cancer metastasis and prognosis. However, miR-335 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer by mechanisms that remain unclear. In silico analysis identified putative transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) transcription factor binding sites in the miR-335 promoter. To investigate the relation between SP1 and miR-335, qRT-PCR was performed. Our results showed both Sp1 knockdown and mithramycin A increased miR-335 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that Sp1 knockdown increased miR-335 transcriptional activity. ChIP experiments showed that Sp1 bound directly to miR-335 promoter. Moreover, transwell migration and wound-healing assays showed that Sp1 knockdown resulted in inhibited cell migration, which was in turn mitigated by miR-335 inhibitor. We propose that miR-335 was negatively regulated by SP1, which in turn contributes to miR-335 deregulation and tumor cells migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Yu J, Hua R, Zhang Y, Tao R, Wang Q, Ni Q. DNA hypomethylation promotes invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by regulating the binding of SP1 to the CDCA3 promoter. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:142-151. [PMID: 31211445 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle associated protein-3 (CDCA3) has been reported frequently upregulated in various cancers. It has been progressively realized that changed DNA methylations occur in diverse carcinomas. However, the concrete involvement of CDCA3 and DNA methylation in gastric cancer (GC) still needs to be further elucidated. METHODS In this study, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to determine the relative expressions of CDCA3 in GC and normal tissue samples. The methylation condition of CDCA3 was determined by bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase activity assay was used for the interaction between transcription factors and promoters and binding site determination, respectively. The effects of knockdown or overexpression of specificity protein 1 (SP1) or CDCA3 on GC cells in vitro were further assessed via wound healing assay, colony formation assay, and matrigel invasion assay. RESULTS In comparison to paired normal tissues, CDCA3 expressions were significantly increased in the GC tissues. The CDCA3 expression was regulated by DNA methylation, with the CpG island hypomethylation responsible for CDCA3 upregulation of GC. ChIP assays verified that the activity of SP1 binding to the CDCA3 promoter was dramatically increased. When the CDCA3 expression was downregulated in MKN45 cells by knockdown SP1, the proliferation ability, healing ability, and invasive ability were significantly suppressed. CONCLUSION The process by which SP1 bound to the nearest promoter region was expedited in GC cells, by which DNA was hypomethylated and CDCA3 expression was promoted. The effect on cell proliferation and invasion by CDCA3 was under the regulation of SP1 and also affected by hypomethylation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ruheng Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Quhui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingfeng Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Moimas S, Salton F, Kosmider B, Ring N, Volpe MC, Bahmed K, Braga L, Rehman M, Vodret S, Graziani ML, Wolfson MR, Marchetti N, Rogers TJ, Giacca M, Criner GJ, Zacchigna S, Confalonieri M. miR-200 family members reduce senescence and restore idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis type II alveolar epithelial cell transdifferentiation. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00138-2019. [PMID: 31857992 PMCID: PMC6911923 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00138-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Alveolar type II (ATII) cells act as adult stem cells contributing to alveolar type I (ATI) cell renewal and play a major role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), as supported by familial cases harbouring mutations in genes specifically expressed by these cells. During IPF, ATII cells lose their regenerative potential and aberrantly express pathways contributing to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The microRNA miR-200 family is downregulated in IPF, but its effect on human IPF ATII cells remains unproven. We wanted to 1) evaluate the characteristics and transdifferentiating ability of IPF ATII cells, and 2) test whether miR-200 family members can rescue the regenerative potential of fibrotic ATII cells. Methods ATII cells were isolated from control or IPF lungs and cultured in conditions promoting their transdifferentiation into ATI cells. Cells were either phenotypically monitored over time or transfected with miR-200 family members to evaluate the microRNA effect on the expression of transdifferentiation, senescence and EMT markers. Results IPF ATII cells show a senescent phenotype (p16 and p21), overexpression of EMT (ZEB1/2) and impaired expression of ATI cell markers (AQP5 and HOPX) after 6 days of culture in differentiating medium. Transfection with certain miR-200 family members (particularly miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p) reduced senescence marker expression and restored the ability to transdifferentiate into ATI cells. Conclusions We demonstrated that ATII cells from IPF patients express senescence and EMT markers, and display a reduced ability to transdifferentiate into ATI cells. Transfection with certain miR-200 family members rescues this phenotype, reducing senescence and restoring transdifferentiation marker expression. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alveolar epithelial type II cells show senescence and EMT features, but miR-200b and miR-200c can restore the ability of type II cells to transdifferentiate in vitro into type I alveolar epithelial cellshttp://bit.ly/359tlit
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moimas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work (co-first authors)
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Dept, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work (co-first authors)
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work (co-first authors)
| | - Nadja Ring
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria C Volpe
- Pulmonology Dept, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.,Dept of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael Rehman
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Marla R Wolfson
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,CENTRe: Collaborative for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics, Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Dept of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work (co-last authors)
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Dept of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work (co-last authors)
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Dept, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.,Dept of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work (co-last authors)
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Huang CC, Hung CH, Hung TW, Lin YC, Wang CJ, Kao SH. Dietary delphinidin inhibits human colorectal cancer metastasis associating with upregulation of miR-204-3p and suppression of the integrin/FAK axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18954. [PMID: 31831830 PMCID: PMC6908670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin is a flavonoid belonging to dietary anthocyanidin family that has been reported to possess diverse anti-tumoral activities. However, the effects of delphinidin on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of delphinidin in CRC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of delphinidin on the viability, metastatic characteristics, signaling, and microRNA (miR) profile of human CRC cell lines used were analyzed. In vivo metastasis was also evaluated using xenograft animal models. Our findings showed that delphinidin (<100 μM) inhibited the colony formation of DLD-1, SW480, and SW620 cells, but non-significantly affected cell viability. Delphinidin also suppressed the migratory ability and invasiveness of the tested CRC cell lines, downregulated integrin αV/β3 expression, inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src/paxillin signaling, and interfered with cytoskeletal construction. Analysis of the miR expression profile revealed a number of miRs, particularly miR-204-3p, that were significantly upregulated and downregulated by delphinidin. Abolishing the expression of one upregulated miR, miR-204-3p, with an antagomir restored delphinidin-mediated inhibition of cell migration and invasiveness in DLD-1 cells as well as the αV/β3-integrin/FAK/Src axis. Delphinidin also inhibited the lung metastasis of DLD-1 cells in the xenograft animal model. Collectively, these results indicate that the migration and invasion of CRC cells are inhibited by delphinidin, and the mechanism may involve the upregulation of miR-204-3p and consequent suppression of the αV/β3-integrin/FAK axis. These findings suggest that delphinidin exerts anti-metastatic effects in CRC cells by inhibiting integrin/FAK signaling and indicate that miR-204-3p may play an important role in CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chou Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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25
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Singh K, Sinha M, Pal D, Tabasum S, Gnyawali SC, Khona D, Sarkar S, Mohanty SK, Soto-Gonzalez F, Khanna S, Roy S, Sen CK. Cutaneous Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Activator ZEB1 Regulates Wound Angiogenesis and Closure in a Glycemic Status-Dependent Manner. Diabetes 2019; 68:2175-2190. [PMID: 31439646 PMCID: PMC6804631 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and wound vascularization are two critical interrelated processes that enable cutaneous wound healing. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), primarily studied in the context of tumor biology, is a potent EMT activator. ZEB1 is also known to contribute to endothelial cell survival as well as stimulate tumor angiogenesis. The role of ZEB1 in cutaneous wounds was assessed using Zeb1+/- mice, as Zeb1-/- mice are not viable. Quantitative stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomics was used to elucidate the effect of elevated ZEB1, as noted during hyperglycemia. Under different glycemic conditions, ZEB1 binding to E-cadherin promoter was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Cutaneous wounding resulted in loss of epithelial marker E-cadherin with concomitant gain of ZEB1. The dominant proteins downregulated after ZEB1 overexpression functionally represented adherens junction pathway. Zeb1+/- mice exhibited compromised wound closure complicated by defective EMT and poor wound angiogenesis. Under hyperglycemic conditions, ZEB1 lost its ability to bind E-cadherin promoter. Keratinocyte E-cadherin, thus upregulated, resisted EMT required for wound healing. Diabetic wound healing was improved in ZEB+/- as well as in db/db mice subjected to ZEB1 knockdown. This work recognizes ZEB1 as a key regulator of cutaneous wound healing that is of particular relevance to diabetic wound complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhaiya Singh
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Durba Pal
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Saba Tabasum
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Surya C Gnyawali
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Dolly Khona
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Subendu Sarkar
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sujit K Mohanty
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fidel Soto-Gonzalez
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Savita Khanna
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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26
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MicroRNAs Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasiveness. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111361. [PMID: 31683635 PMCID: PMC6912645 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer statistics in 2018 highlight an 8.6 million incidence in female cancers, and 4.2 million cancer deaths globally. Moreover, breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in females and twenty percent of these develop metastasis. This provides only a small chance for successful therapy, and identification of new molecular markers for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of metastatic disease and development of innovative therapeutic molecules are therefore urgently required. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancers cause multiple changes in the expression of the tumorigenesis-promoting genes which have mostly been investigated in breast cancers. Herein, we summarize recent data on breast cancer-specific miRNA expression profiles and their participation in regulating invasive processes, in association with changes in cytoskeletal structure, cell-cell adhesion junctions, cancer cell-extracellular matrix interactions, tumor microenvironments, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and cancer cell stem abilities. We then focused on the epigenetic regulation of individual miRNAs and their modified interactions with other regulatory genes, and reviewed the function of miRNA isoforms and exosome-mediated miRNA transfer in cancer invasiveness. Although research into miRNA’s function in cancer is still ongoing, results herein contribute to improved metastatic cancer management.
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27
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MicroRNA in Lung Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020265. [PMID: 30813457 PMCID: PMC6406837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer, with distant metastasis frequently developing in lung cancer, even at initial diagnosis, resulting in poor prognosis and high mortality. However, available biomarkers cannot reliably predict cancer spreading sites. The metastatic cascade involves highly complicated processes including invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that are tightly controlled by various genetic expression modalities along with interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, can influence the transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, with dysregulation of miRNA expression contributing to the regulation of cancer metastasis. Nevertheless, although miRNA-targeted therapy is widely studied in vitro and in vivo, this strategy currently affords limited feasibility and a few miRNA-targeted therapies for lung cancer have entered into clinical trials to date. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of metastasis will thus provide additional potential targets for lung cancer treatment. This review discusses the current research related to the role of miRNAs in lung cancer invasion and metastasis, with a particular focus on the different metastatic lesions and potential miRNA-targeted treatments for lung cancer with the expectation that further exploration of miRNA-targeted therapy may establish a new spectrum of lung cancer treatments.
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28
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FOXG1 Regulates PRKAR2B Transcriptionally and Posttranscriptionally via miR200 in the Adult Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5188-5201. [PMID: 30539330 PMCID: PMC6647430 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in MECP2. However, mutations in FOXG1 cause a less frequent form of atypical Rett syndrome, called FOXG1 syndrome. FOXG1 is a key transcription factor crucial for forebrain development, where it maintains the balance between progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Using genome-wide small RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics, we identified that FOXG1 affects the biogenesis of miR200b/a/429 and interacts with the ATP-dependent RNA helicase, DDX5/p68. Both FOXG1 and DDX5 associate with the microprocessor complex, whereby DDX5 recruits FOXG1 to DROSHA. RNA-Seq analyses of Foxg1cre/+ hippocampi and N2a cells overexpressing miR200 family members identified cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (PRKAR2B) as a target of miR200 in neural cells. PRKAR2B inhibits postsynaptic functions by attenuating protein kinase A (PKA) activity; thus, increased PRKAR2B levels may contribute to neuronal dysfunctions in FOXG1 syndrome. Our data suggest that FOXG1 regulates PRKAR2B expression both on transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
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29
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Chen L, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Lai Q. miR‑200b‑3p inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer by targeting Wnt1. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2571-2580. [PMID: 30015876 PMCID: PMC6102637 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-200b-3p is downregulated in multiple human cancer types. Wnt signaling serves a role in human colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to examine the effect of miR-200b-3p on human CRC and its potential association with Wnt signaling. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was employed to assess cell viability. A flow cytometric assay was conducted to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. The regulation model of miR-200b-3p and Wnt1 was assessed by a luciferase reporter assay. A commercial kit was used to evaluate the activity of caspase-3 following treatment of the cells by miR-200b-3p or Wnt1. The expression of target factors was determined by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The expression of miR-200b-3p was decreased in human CRC tissues and in cell lines. The bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase reporter assay revealed that Wnt1 may be a direct target of miR-200b-3p. Moreover, the viability and proliferation of CRC cells was suppressed by miR-200b-3p. miR-200b-3p additionally induced apoptosis in CRC cells. Furthermore, the caspase-3 activity was enhanced in the miR-200b-3p mimics group. The expression of antigen Ki-67 (additionally termed KI-67) and β-catenin was decreased, while the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was increased by miR-200b-3p. In conclusion, miR-200b-3p inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in CRC cells by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The present study provided potential biomarkers and candidate modalities for the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuhang Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuhang Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuhang Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuhang Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhong Lai
- Massage Department, Hospital of Zhejiang Provincial Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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30
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Functional Role of Non-Coding RNAs during Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4020014. [PMID: 29843425 PMCID: PMC6027143 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key biological process involved in a multitude of developmental and pathological events. It is characterized by the progressive loss of cell-to-cell contacts and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, leading to filopodia formation and the progressive up-regulation of a mesenchymal gene expression pattern enabling cell migration. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is already observed in early embryonic stages such as gastrulation, when the epiblast undergoes an EMT process and therefore leads to the formation of the third embryonic layer, the mesoderm. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is pivotal in multiple embryonic processes, such as for example during cardiovascular system development, as valve primordia are formed and the cardiac jelly is progressively invaded by endocardium-derived mesenchyme or as the external cardiac cell layer is established, i.e., the epicardium and cells detached migrate into the embryonic myocardial to form the cardiac fibrous skeleton and the coronary vasculature. Strikingly, the most important biological event in which EMT is pivotal is cancer development and metastasis. Over the last years, understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in EMT has greatly advanced. Several transcriptional factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist, Zeb1 and Zeb2 have been reported to play fundamental roles in EMT, leading in most cases to transcriptional repression of cell⁻cell interacting proteins such as ZO-1 and cadherins and activation of cytoskeletal markers such as vimentin. In recent years, a fundamental role for non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and more recently long non-coding RNAs, has been identified in normal tissue development and homeostasis as well as in several oncogenic processes. In this study, we will provide a state-of-the-art review of the functional roles of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in both developmental and pathological EMT.
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31
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Wang H, Li K, Mei Y, Huang X, Li Z, Yang Q, Yang H. Sp1 Suppresses miR-3178 to Promote the Metastasis Invasion Cascade via Upregulation of TRIOBP. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:1-11. [PMID: 30195749 PMCID: PMC6023786 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp1) plays an important role in invasion-metastasis cascade. Sp1 regulation on protein coding genes has been extensively investigated; however, little is known about its regulation on protein non-coding genes. In this study, miR-3178 is reported as a novel target of Sp1 in multiple cancer cell models. Sp1 functions as its transcriptional suppressor as evidenced by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. In line with the pro-metastatic role of Sp1, miR-3178 exerts anti-metastasis function. Overexpression of miR-3178 inhibits both migration and invasion of highly metastatic prostate, lung, and breast cancer cells whereas antagonizing miR-3178 promotes those events in their lowly metastatic counterparts. The in vivo study demonstrates that miR-3178 suppresses the tail vein inoculated prostate cancer cells to form colonies in lung, lymph node, and liver of BALB/c nude mice. miR-3178 directly targets the 3′ UTR of TRIOBP-1 and TRIOBP-5, two isoforms of TRIOBP expressed in prostate, lung, and breast cancer cells. Overexpression of TRIOBP-1 could rescue miR-3178 inhibition on cell migration and invasion. Collectively, our findings reveal the regulatory axis of Sp1/miR-3178/TRIOBP in metastasis cascade. Our results suggest miR-3178 as a promising application to suppress metastasis in Sp1-overexpressed cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yu Mei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Zhenglin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Qingzhu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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32
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Tayel SI, Fouda EAM, Gohar SF, Elshayeb EI, El-Sayed EH, El-Kousy SM. Potential role of MicroRNA 200c gene expression in assessment of colorectal cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:41-46. [PMID: 29660303 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide that affects men and women of all racial and ethnic groups. Recent evidence supports the role of microRNAs in CRC. We planned to investigate microRNA200c expression and its relation with diagnosis, prognosis, metastasis and overall survival in CRC patients. This study enrolled 90 subjects (3'0 CRC patients, 30 patients with benign colorectal polyps and 30 healthy control subjects). METHODS Laboratory investigations included measurement of serum CA19-9 and CEA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and relative quantitation (RQ) of microRNA200c gene expression by real time PCR technique. RESULTS Significant higher MicroRNA200c expression levels in CRC patients versus both benign (P < 0.011) and control groups (P < 0.001), additionally, benign group had elevated levels versus control (P < 0.001). MicroRNA 200c at cutoff >4.56 had sensitivity 86.67% and specificity 73.33% (P < 0.001) for CRC discrimination. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significant association (P = 0.028) of high expression of microRNA200c with decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION Noticeable up-regulation of microRNA200c in CRC and its remarkable relation with unfavorable survival suggesting its potential dual use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I Tayel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Eman A M Fouda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Suzy F Gohar
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed I Elshayeb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | | | - Salah M El-Kousy
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
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The tumor suppressive miR-200b subfamily is an ERG target gene in human prostate tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37993-38003. [PMID: 27191272 PMCID: PMC5122366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMPRSS2-ERG fusion occurs in approximately 50% of prostate cancer (PCa), resulting in expression of the oncogenic ERG in the prostate. Because ERG is a transcriptional activator, we hypothesized that ERG-regulated genes contribute to PCa development. Since microRNA (miRNA) has crucial functions in cancer, we searched for miRNAs regulated by ERG in PCas. We mined published datasets based on the MSKCC Prostate Oncogene Project, in which a comprehensive analysis defined the miRNA transcriptomes in 113 PCas. We retrieved the miRNA expression datasets, and identified miRNAs differentially expressed between ERG-positive and ERG-negative samples. Out of 369 miRNAs, miR-200a, −200b, −429 and −205 are the only miRNAs significantly increased in ERG-positive tumors. Strikingly, miR-200a, −200b and −429 are transcribed as a single polycistronic transcript, suggesting they are regulated at the transcriptional level. With ChIP-qPCR and in vitro binding assay, we identified two functional ETS motifs in the miR-200b/a/429 gene promoter. Knockdown of ERG in PCa cells reduced expression of these three miRNAs. In agreement with the well-established tumor suppressor function, overexpression of the miR-200b/a/429 gene inhibited PCa cell growth and invasion. In summary, our study reveals that miR-200b/a/429 is an ERG target gene, which implicates an important role in TMPRSS2/ERG-dependent PCa development. Although induction of the tumor suppressive miR-200b subfamily by oncogenic ERG appears to be counterintuitive, it is consistent with the observation that the vast majority of primary prostate cancers are slow-growing and indolent.
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Mekala JR, Naushad SM, Ponnusamy L, Arivazhagan G, Sakthiprasad V, Pal-Bhadra M. Epigenetic regulation of miR-200 as the potential strategy for the therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. Gene 2017; 641:248-258. [PMID: 29038000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs play an important role in cancer cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Epigenetic modifiers regulate the microRNA expression. Among the epigenetic players, histone deacetylases (HDACs) function as the key regulators of microRNA expression. Epigenetic machineries such as DNA and histone modifying enzymes and various microRNAs have been identified as the important contributors in cancer initiation and progression. Recent studies have shown that developing innovative microRNA-targeting therapies might improve the human health, specifically against the disease areas of high unmet medical need. Thus microRNA based therapeutics are gaining importance for anti-cancer therapy. Studies on Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have revealed the early relapse and poor overall survival of patients which needs immediate therapeutic attention. In this report, we focus the effect of HDAC inhibitors on TNBC cell proliferation, regulation of microRNA gene expression by a series of HDAC genes, chromatin epigenetics, epigenetic remodelling at miR-200 promoter and its modulation by various HDACs. We also discuss the need for identifying novel HDAC inhibitors for modulation of miR-200 in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India.
| | | | - Lavanya Ponnusamy
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Gayatri Arivazhagan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Vaishnave Sakthiprasad
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Manika Pal-Bhadra
- CSIR - Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
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Choi SK, Pandiyan K, Eun JW, Yang X, Hong SH, Nam SW, Jones PA, Liang G, You JS. Epigenetic landscape change analysis during human EMT sheds light on a key EMT mediator TRIM29. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98322-98335. [PMID: 29228692 PMCID: PMC5716732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key trans-differentiation process, which plays a critical role in physiology and pathology. Although gene expression changes in EMT have been scrutinized, study of epigenome is in its infancy. To understand epigenetic changes during TWIST-driven EMT, we used the AcceSssIble assay to study DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). The DNA methylation changes were found to have functional significance in EMT - i.e. methylated genes were enriched for E-box motifs that can be recognized by TWIST, at the promoters suggesting a potential targeting phenomenon, whereas the demethylated regions were enriched for pro-metastatic genes, supporting the role of EMT in metastasis. TWIST-induced EMT triggers alterations in chromatin accessibility both independent of and dependent on DNA methylation changes, primarily resulting in closed chromatin conformation. By overlapping the genes, whose chromatin structure is changed during early EMT and a known "core EMT signature", we identified 18 driver candidate genes during EMT, 14 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes with corresponding chromatin structure changes. Among 18 genes, we focused on TRIM29 as a novel marker of EMT. Although loss of TRIM29 is insufficient to suppress CDH, it is enough to induce CDH2 and VIM. Gene functional annotation analysis shows the involvement of TRIM29 in epidermal development, cell differentiation and cell migration. Taken together, our results provide a robust snapshot of chromatin state during human EMT and identify TRIM29 as a core mediator of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kurinji Pandiyan
- Departments of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Departments of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Gangning Liang
- Departments of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Zheng B, Jeong S, Zhu Y, Chen L, Xia Q. miRNA and lncRNA as biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). Oncotarget 2017; 8:100819-100830. [PMID: 29246025 PMCID: PMC5725067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs are a group of 20 nucleotides-long non-coding RNAs. By binding to the 3'UTR region of target mRNA, microRNAs can perform extensive actions mediating gene expression at post-trancriptional stages. It makes microRNAs serve as very crucial regulators in various biological progress including carcinogenesis. Long non-coding RNAs, however, are a subgroup of RNA with the length of 200 nucleotides. Unlike microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs can form secondary of tertiary domain based on their length. With the ability of directly interacting with DNA, RNA, protein, long non-coding RNAs have promoting or inhibitive functions in gene expression regulation. Furthermore, the abnormal expression of certain long non-coding RNAs has roused people's interest in the role of long non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis. Although the connection between microRNA/long non-coding RNA and CCA has been a hot field to researchers, the link between molecular mechanism and clinical outcome has been barely built. This review takes a retrospect at the latest researches on the link between microRNA/long non-coding RNA and cholangiocarcinoma and the potential of microRNA/long non-coding RNA serving as distinctive biomarkers for CCA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Jiang XP, Ai WB, Wan LY, Zhang YQ, Wu JF. The roles of microRNA families in hepatic fibrosis. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:34. [PMID: 28680559 PMCID: PMC5496266 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When hepatocytes are damaged severely, a variety of signaling pathways will be triggered by inflammatory factors and cytokines involving in the process of hepatic fibrosis. The microRNA (miRNA) family consists of several miRNAs which have the potential for synergistic regulation of these signaling pathways. However, it is poor to understand the roles of miRNA family as a whole in hepatic fibrosis. Increasing studies have suggested several miRNA families are related with activation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatic fibrosis through cooperatively regulating certain signaling pathways. During the process of hepatic fibrosis, miR-29 family primarily induces cell apoptosis by modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway and regulates extracellular matrix accumulation. miR-34 family promotes the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inducing activation of hepatic stellate cells, while miR-378 family suppresses the process in Glis dependent manner. miR-15 family mainly promotes cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The miR-199 family and miR-200 family are responsible for extracellular matrix deposition and the release of pro-fibrotic cytokines. These miRNA family members play pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic roles by targeting genes collectively or respectively which involve in hepatic fibrosis related signaling pathways and hepatic stellate cell activation. Thus, good understandings of molecular mechanisms which are based on miRNA families may provide new ideas for the molecular targeted therapy of hepatic fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Jiang
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China
| | - Wen-Bing Ai
- The Yiling Hospital of Yichang, 31 Donghu Road, Yi Ling District, Yichang, 443100 Hubei China
| | - Lin-Yan Wan
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China.,The RenMin Hospital, China Three Gorges University, 31 Huti Subdistrict, Xi Ling District, Yichang, 443000 Hubei China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China
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38
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Zhang G, Zhang W, Li B, Stringer-Reasor E, Chu C, Sun L, Bae S, Chen D, Wei S, Jiao K, Yang WH, Cui R, Liu R, Wang L. MicroRNA-200c and microRNA- 141 are regulated by a FOXP3-KAT2B axis and associated with tumor metastasis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28637482 PMCID: PMC5480201 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the microRNA (miR)-200 family, which are involved in tumor metastasis, have potential as cancer biomarkers, but their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Methods We investigated FOXP3-inducible breast cancer cells, Foxp3 heterozygous Scurfy mutant (Foxp3sf/+) female mice, and patients with breast cancer for characterization of the formation and regulation of the miR-200 family in breast cancer cells and circulation. Participants (259), including patients with breast cancer or benign breast tumors, members of breast cancer families, and healthy controls, were assessed for tumor and circulating levels of the miR-200 family. Results First, we identified a FOXP3-KAT2B-miR-200c/141 axis in breast cancer cells. Second, aging Foxp3sf/+ female mice developed spontaneous breast cancers and lung metastases. Levels of miR-200c and miR-141 were lower in Foxp3sf/+ tumor cells than in normal breast epithelial cells, but plasma levels of miR-200c and miR-141 in the Foxp3sf/+ mice increased during tumor progression and metastasis. Third, in patients with breast cancer, the levels of miR-200c and 141 were lower in FOXP3low relative to those with FOXP3high breast cancer cells, especially in late-stage and metastatic cancer cells. The levels of miR-200c and miR-141 were higher in plasma from patients with metastatic breast cancer than in plasma from those with localized breast cancer, with benign breast tumors, with a family history of breast cancer, or from healthy controls. Finally, in Foxp3sf/+ mice, plasma miR-200c and miR-141 appeared to be released from tumor cells. Conclusions miR-200c and miR-141 are regulated by a FOXP3-KAT2B axis in breast cancer cells, and circulating levels of miR-200c and miR-141 are potential biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer metastases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0858-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Erica Stringer-Reasor
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Chengjing Chu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Humanities and Management Colleges, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Sejong Bae
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kenneth Jiao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Ranji Cui
- Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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39
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Metabolic re-wiring of isogenic breast epithelial cell lines following epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:117-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Wang J, Kang M, Wen Q, Qin YT, Wei ZX, Xiao JJ, Wang RS. Berberine sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to radiation through inhibition of Sp1 and EMT. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2425-2432. [PMID: 28350122 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor of epithelial origin with radiotherapy as its standard treatment. However, radioresistance remains a critical issue in the treatment of NPC. This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine on the proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, radioresistance of NPC cells and whether specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is a functional target of berberine. Our results showed that treatment with berberine reduced the proliferation and viability of CNE-2 cells in a dose- and time‑dependent manner. Berberine induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. In CNE-2 cells exposed to gamma‑ray irradiation, berberine reduced cell viability at various concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 µmol/l). Berberine significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of Sp1 in the CNE-2 cells. Mithramycin A, a selective Sp1 inhibitor, enhanced the radiosensitivity and the rate of apoptosis in the CNE-2 cells. Berberine inhibited transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced tumor invasion and suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, as evidenced by increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin proteins. Sp1 may be required for the TGF-β1-induced invasion and EMT by berberine. In conclusion, berberine demonstrated the ability to suppress proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and enhance radiosensitivity of the CNE-2 NPC cells. Sp1 may be a target of berberine which is decreased during the radiosensitization of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Tao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Xin Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jian Xiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Sheng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Mishra S, Tripathi R, Singh S. Crosstalk of proteins, miRNAs involved in metastatic and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1256843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Suppression of MicroRNA 200 Family Expression by Oncogenic KRAS Activation Promotes Cell Survival and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in KRAS-Driven Cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2742-2754. [PMID: 27550813 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00079-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS contributes to malignant transformation, antiapoptosis, and metastasis in multiple human cancers, such as lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers and melanoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 18- to 25-nucleotide noncoding small RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner via the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of protein translation. In the present study, using array-based miRNA profiling in IMR90 and MCF10A cells expressing oncogenic KRAS, we identified that the expression of the microRNA 200 (mir-200) family was suppressed by KRAS activation and that this suppression was mediated by the transcription factors JUN and SP1 in addition to ZEB1. Restoration of mir-200 expression compromised KRAS-induced cellular transformation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo In addition, we found that enforced expression of mir-200 abrogated KRAS-induced resistance to apoptosis by directly targeting the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 Finally, mir-200 was able to antagonize the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) driven by mutant KRAS. Collectively, our results suggest that repression of endogenous mir-200 expression is one of the important cellular responses to KRAS activation during tumor initiation and progression.
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Xiao S, Yang Z, Qiu X, Lv R, Liu J, Wu M, Liao Y, Liu Q. miR-29c contribute to glioma cells temozolomide sensitivity by targeting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferases indirectely. Oncotarget 2016; 7:50229-50238. [PMID: 27384876 PMCID: PMC5226579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most commonly used alkylating agent in glioma chemotherapy. However growing resistance to TMZ remains a major challenge to clinicians. The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methytransferase (MGMT) plays critical roles in TMZ resistance. Promoter methylation can inhibit MGMT expression and increase chemosensitivity. Here, we described a novel mechanism regulating MGMT expression. We showed that miR-29c suppressed MGMT expression indirectly via targeting specificity protein 1 (Sp1). MiR-29c overexpression increased TMZ efficacy in cultured glioma cells and in mouse xenograft models. The miR-29c levels were positively correlated with patient outcomes. Our data suggest miR-29c may be potential therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guanzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingsheng Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiyan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guanzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guanzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwei Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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44
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A ZEB1-miR-375-YAP1 pathway regulates epithelial plasticity in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:24-34. [PMID: 27270433 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is frequently elevated in prostate tumors and cell-free fractions of patient blood, but its role in genesis and progression of prostate cancer is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-375 is inversely correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition signatures (EMT) in clinical samples and can drive mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in model systems. Indeed, miR-375 potently inhibited invasion and migration of multiple prostate cancer lines. The transcription factor YAP1 was found to be a direct target of miR-375 in prostate cancer. Knockdown of YAP1 phenocopied miR-375 overexpression, and overexpression of YAP1 rescued anti-invasive effects mediated by miR-375. Furthermore, transcription of the miR-375 gene was shown to be directly repressed by the EMT transcription factor, ZEB1. Analysis of multiple patient cohorts provided evidence for this ZEB1-miR-375-YAP1 regulatory circuit in clinical samples. Despite its anti-invasive and anti-EMT capacities, plasma miR-375 was found to be correlated with circulating tumor cells in men with metastatic disease. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the function of miR-375 in prostate cancer, and more broadly identifies a novel pathway controlling epithelial plasticity and tumor cell invasion in this disease.
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45
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Goto A, Dobashi Y, Tsubochi H, Maeda D, Ooi A. MicroRNAs associated with increased AKT gene number in human lung carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 56:1-10. [PMID: 27189341 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were examined in 3 groups of lung carcinomas that had been stratified by increases in AKT1 or AKT2 gene number. Microarray analysis using 2000 probes revealed 87 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 32 down-regulated miRNAs in carcinomas harboring amplification or high-level polysomy of the AKT1 (AKT1+), as well as 123 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated miRNAs in those of the AKT2 genes (AKT2+), in comparison with carcinomas harboring disomy of both (AKTd/d). In total, 182 miRNAs were up-regulated in AKT1+ or AKT2+, compared with AKTd/d. Among these, 28 miRNAs were up-regulated in both the AKT1+ and AKT2+ groups, with a log2 ratio between 1.02 and 3.71 relative to AKTd/d group, including all miR-200 family members. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that carcinomas exhibiting lymph vessel invasion had significantly lower expression of miR-200a (P=.0230) and miR-200b (P=.0168), regardless of the status of the AKT genes. Moreover, a detailed statistical analysis revealed that, in adenocarcinoma and in the early stage of carcinomas (pathologic stage I/II), expression of miR-200a was higher in the AKT2+ group compared with the AKT1+ group, and these differences were statistically significant (P=.0334 and P=.0239, respectively). However, the expression of miR-200a was not significantly correlated with the expression of its target, the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1; P=.3801) or E-cadherin (P=.2840), a marker of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that AKT2 can regulate miR-200a in a histology- or stage-specific manner and that this regulation is independent of subsequent involvement of miR-200a in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroyoshi Tsubochi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akishi Ooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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The microRNA-200 family: small molecules with novel roles in cancer development, progression and therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6472-98. [PMID: 25762624 PMCID: PMC4466628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression post-transcriptionally via base pairing between the 5′ seed region of a miRNA and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of a messenger RNA (mRNA). Recent evidence has supported the critical role that miRNAs play in many diseases including cancer. The miR-200 family consisting of 5 members (miR-200a, -200b, -200c, -141, -429) is an emerging miRNA family that has been shown to play crucial roles in cancer initiation and metastasis, and potentially be important for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. While miR-200s were found to be critically involved in the metastatic colonization to the lungs in mouse mammary xenograft tumor models, a large number of studies demonstrated their strong suppressive effects on cell transformation, cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis. This review aims to discuss research findings about the role of the miR-200 family in cancer initiation, each step of cancer metastatic cascade, cancer diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive summary of currently validated miR-200 targets is also presented. It is concluded that miR-200 family may serve as novel targets for the therapy of multiple types of cancer.
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Shimono Y, Mukohyama J, Nakamura SI, Minami H. MicroRNA Regulation of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2015; 5:jcm5010002. [PMID: 26712794 PMCID: PMC4730127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in virtually all biological processes, including stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and development. The dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with many human diseases including cancer. We have identified a set of miRNAs differentially expressed between human breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-tumorigenic cancer cells. In addition, these miRNAs are similarly upregulated or downregulated in normal mammary stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we mainly describe the miRNAs that are dysregulated in human breast CSCs directly isolated from clinical specimens. The miRNAs and their clusters, such as the miR-200 clusters, miR-183 cluster, miR-221-222 cluster, let-7, miR-142 and miR-214, target the genes and pathways important for stem cell maintenance, such as the self-renewal gene BMI1, apoptosis, Wnt signaling, Notch signaling, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the current evidence shows that metastatic breast CSCs acquire a phenotype that is different from the CSCs in a primary site. Thus, clarifying the miRNA regulation of the metastatic breast CSCs will further advance our understanding of the roles of human breast CSCs in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Biochemistry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Chen C, Yang D, Wang Q, Wang X. Expression and Clinical Pathological Significance of miR-200a in Concurrent Cholangiocarcinoma Associated with Hepatolithiasis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3585-90. [PMID: 26586458 PMCID: PMC4657761 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 2–10% of the patients with hepatolithiasis may develop cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Despite recent advances in the treatment of cancers, the 5-year survival rate for CCA patients currently remains poor, primarily due to early local invasion and distant metastasis of the cancer. This study aimed to investigate miR-200a expression in combined hepatolithiasis and CCA as well as its correlation with the clinical features of CCA. Material/Methods miR-200a expression in combined hepatolithiasis and CCA was detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Its correlation with the clinicopathology of CCA was analyzed by t-tests. The effect of miR-200a on the proliferation CCA cells was determined by MTT assay. The effect of miR-200a on the invasive ability of CCA cells was assessed by Boyden chamber test. Results The expression level of MiR-200a in patients with combined hepatolithiasis and CCA was significantly decreased compared with patients with only hepatolithiasis (P<0.01). Furthermore, miR-200a expression in hepatic duct cancer RBE cells was substantially reduced compared with hepatolithiasis group (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that abnormal expression of miR-200a was only associated with the differentiation degree and metastasis of CCA. MiR-200a transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of REB cells (P<0.01). Conclusions MiR-200a may suppress the proliferative and invasive ability of REB cells. The reduced miR-200a expression might be correlated with the development and progression of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qunwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xintian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Hajarnis SS, Patel V, Aboudehen K, Attanasio M, Cobo-Stark P, Pontoglio M, Igarashi P. Transcription Factor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1β (HNF-1β) Regulates MicroRNA-200 Expression through a Long Noncoding RNA. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24793-805. [PMID: 26292219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.670646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) regulates tissue-specific gene expression in the kidney and other epithelial organs. Mutations of HNF-1β produce kidney cysts, and previous studies have shown that HNF-1β regulates the transcription of cystic disease genes, including Pkd2 and Pkhd1. Here, we combined chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) with microarray analysis to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are directly regulated by HNF-1β in renal epithelial cells. These studies identified members of the epithelial-specific miR-200 family (miR-200b/200a/429) as novel transcriptional targets of HNF-1β. HNF-1β binds to two evolutionarily conserved sites located 28 kb upstream to miR-200b. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the HNF-1β binding sites were located within a promoter that was active in renal epithelial cells. Mutations of the HNF-1β binding sites abolished promoter activity. RT-PCR analysis revealed that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is transcribed from the promoter and encodes the miR-200 cluster. Inhibition of the lncRNA with siRNAs decreased the levels of miR-200 but did not affect expression of the Ttll10 host gene. The expression of the lncRNA and miR-200 was decreased in kidneys from HNF-1β knock-out mice and renal epithelial cells expressing dominant-negative mutant HNF-1β. The expression of miR-200 targets, Zeb2 and Pkd1, was increased in HNF-1β knock-out kidneys and in cells expressing mutant HNF-1β. Overexpression of miR-200 decreased the expression of Zeb2 and Pkd1 in HNF-1β mutant cells. These studies reveal a novel pathway whereby HNF-1β directly contributes to the control of miRNAs that are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Pontoglio
- Départment de Génétique et Développement, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes. Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Peter Igarashi
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 and
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Tian HP, Lun SM, Huang HJ, He R, Kong PZ, Wang QS, Li XQ, Feng YM. DNA Methylation Affects the SP1-regulated Transcription of FOXF2 in Breast Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19173-83. [PMID: 26070560 PMCID: PMC4521039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.636126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXF2 (forkhead box F2) is a mesenchyme-specific transcription factor that plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis through the maintenance of epithelial polarity. In a previous study, we demonstrated that FOXF2 is specifically expressed in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells and functions as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition suppressor. FOXF2 deficiency enhances the metastatic ability of BLBC cells through activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program, but reduces cell proliferation. In this study, we demonstrate that CpG island methylation of the FOXF2 proximal promoter region is involved in the regulatory mechanism of the subtype-specific expression of FOXF2 in breast cancer cells. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B commonly or individually contributed to this DNA methylation in different breast cancer cells. SP1 regulated the transcriptional activity of FOXF2 through direct binding to the proximal promoter region, whereas this binding was abrogated through DNA methylation. FOXF2 mediated the SP1-regulated suppression of progression and promotion of proliferation of non-methylated BLBC cells. Thus, we conclude that the subtype-specific expression and function of FOXF2 in breast cancer cells are regulated through the combined effects of DNA methylation and SP1 transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Pan Tian
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Shu-Min Lun
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Huan-Jing Huang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Rui He
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Peng-Zhou Kong
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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