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Chen L, Jiang H, Licinio J, Wu H. Brain O-GlcNAcylation: Bridging physiological functions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. Mol Psychiatry 2025; 30:2754-2772. [PMID: 40033044 PMCID: PMC12092303 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-025-02943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a dynamic post-translational modification occurring on serine or threonine residues of numerous proteins, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including gene regulation, metabolism, and stress response. Abundant in the brain, O-GlcNAcylation intricately governs neurodevelopment, synaptic assembly, and neuronal functions. Recent investigations have established a correlation between the dysregulation of brain O-GlcNAcylation and a broad spectrum of neurological disorders and injuries, spanning neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric conditions, as well as injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). Manipulating O-GlcNAcylation has demonstrated neuroprotective properties against these afflictions. This review delineates the roles and mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in the CNS under both physiological and pathological circumstances, with a focus on its neuroprotective effects in neurological disorders and injuries. We discuss the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in key processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and energy metabolism, as well as its implications in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explore prospective therapeutic approaches for CNS disorders and injuries by targeting O-GlcNAcylation, highlighting recent clinical developments and future research directions. This comprehensive overview aims to provide insights into the potential of O-GlcNAcylation as a therapeutic target and guide future investigations in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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2
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Park JS, Sung MJ, Na HJ. Drosophila model systems reveal intestinal stem cells as key players in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2025; 1547:88-99. [PMID: 40276941 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
The intestines play important roles in responding immediately and dynamically to food intake, environmental stress, and metabolic dysfunction, and they are involved in various human diseases and aging. A key part of their function is governed by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); therefore, understanding ISCs is vital. Dysregulation of ISC activity, which is influenced by various cell signaling pathways and environmental signals, can lead to inflammatory responses, tissue damage, and increased cancer susceptibility. Aging exacerbates these dynamics and affects ISC function and tissue elasticity. Additionally, proliferation and differentiation profoundly affect ISC behavior and gut health, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental factors and gut homeostasis. Drosophila models help us understand the complex regulatory networks in the gut, providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting human intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Institute of Nanobio Convergence, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Aging Research Group, Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Aging Research Group, Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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3
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Knier AS, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. O-GlcNAcylation in Endocrinology: The Sweet Link. Endocrinology 2025; 166:bqaf072. [PMID: 40209111 PMCID: PMC12013285 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 03/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification that involves the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins. Over the past 4 decades, this modification has become increasingly recognized as having a critical influence in the field of endocrinology. The carefully controlled hormonal input for regulating sleep, mood, response to stress, growth, development, and metabolism are often associated with O-GlcNAc-dependent signaling. As protein O-GlcNAcylation patterns are heavily dependent on environmental glucose concentrations, hormone-secreting cells sense the changes in local environmental glucose concentrations and adjust hormone secretion accordingly. This ability of cells to sense nutritional cues and fine-tune hormonal production is particularly relevant toward maintaining a functional and responsive endocrine system, therefore emphasizing the importance of O-GlcNAc in the scope and application of endocrinology. This review examines how O-GlcNAcylation participates in hormonal homeostasis in different endocrine tissues and systems, from the pineal gland to the placenta, and underscores the significance of O-GlcNAc in the field of endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Salm Knier
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stephanie Olivier-Van Stichelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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4
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da Costa Rodrigues B, Dos Santos Lucena MC, Costa ACR, de Araújo Oliveira I, Thaumaturgo M, Paes-Colli Y, Beckman D, Ferreira ST, de Mello FG, de Melo Reis RA, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. O-GlcNAcylation regulates tyrosine hydroxylase serine 40 phosphorylation and l-DOPA levels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2025; 328:C825-C835. [PMID: 39870381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00215.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
β-O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification (PTM) characterized by the covalent attachment of a single moiety of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on serine/threonine residues in proteins. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting step enzyme in the catecholamine synthesis pathway and responsible for the production of the dopamine precursor, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), has its activity regulated by phosphorylation. Here, we show an inverse feedback mechanism between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of TH at serine 40 (TH pSer40). First, we showed that, during PC12 cells neuritogenesis, TH O-GlcNAcylation decreases concurrently with the increase of pSer40. In addition, an increase in O-GlcNAcylation induces a decrease in TH pSer40 only in undifferentiated PC12 cells, whereas the decrease in O-GlcNAcylation leads to an increase in TH pSer40 levels in both undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells. We further show that this feedback culminates on the regulation of l-DOPA intracellular levels. Interestingly, it is noteworthy that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation is much more effective on TH pSer40 regulation than increasing its levels. Finally, ex vivo analysis confirmed the upregulation of TH pSer40 when O-GlcNAcylation levels are reduced in dopaminergic neurons from C57Bl/6 mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a dynamic control of l-DOPA production by a molecular cross talk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation at Ser40 in TH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows how β-O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) modulates tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, revealing a negative feedback loop with Ser40 phosphorylation both in vitro and ex vivo, which directly influences on l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) production. These findings offer insights into neurotransmitter homeostasis regulation, with implications for understanding and potentially treating disorders linked to aberrant catecholamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno da Costa Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Carolina Rego Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Araújo Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Thaumaturgo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yolanda Paes-Colli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Beckman
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Garcia de Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang J, Jiang N, Liu F, Wang C, Zhou W. Uncovering the intricacies of O-GlcNAc modification in cognitive impairment: New insights from regulation to therapeutic targeting. Pharmacol Ther 2025; 266:108761. [PMID: 39603350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) represents a post-translational modification that occurs on serine or threonine residues on various proteins. This conserved modification interacts with vital cellular pathways. Although O-GlcNAc is widely distributed throughout the body, it is particularly enriched in the brain, where most proteins are O-GlcNAcylated. Recent studies have established a causal link between O-GlcNAc regulation in the brain and alterations in neurophysiological function. Alterations in O-GlcNAc levels in the brain are associated with the pathogenesis of several neurogenic diseases that can lead to cognitive impairment. Remarkably, manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels demonstrated a protective effect on cognitive function. Although the precise molecular mechanism of O-GlcNAc modification in the nervous system remains elusive, its regulation is fundamental to multiple neural and cognitive functions, fluctuating levels during normal and pathological cognitive processes. In this review, we highlight the significant functional importance of O-GlcNAc modification in pathological cognitive impairments and the potential application of O-GlcNAc as a promising target for the intervention or amelioration of cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China.
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Czajewski I, Swain B, Xu J, McDowall L, Ferenbach AT, van Aalten DMF. Rescuable sleep and synaptogenesis phenotypes in a Drosophila model of O-GlcNAc transferase intellectual disability. eLife 2024; 13:e90376. [PMID: 39535175 PMCID: PMC11623933 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an essential intracellular protein modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Recently, missense mutations in OGT have been linked to intellectual disability, indicating that this modification is important for the development and functioning of the nervous system. However, the processes that are most sensitive to perturbations in O-GlcNAcylation remain to be identified. Here, we uncover quantifiable phenotypes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster carrying a patient-derived OGT mutation in the catalytic domain. Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation leads to defects in synaptogenesis and reduced sleep stability. Both these phenotypes can be partially rescued by genetically or chemically targeting OGA, suggesting that a balance of OGT/OGA activity is required for normal neuronal development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Czajewski
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Bijayalaxmi Swain
- Section of Neurobiology and DANDRITE, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Section of Neurobiology and DANDRITE, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Laurin McDowall
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
- Section of Neurobiology and DANDRITE, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Daan MF van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
- Section of Neurobiology and DANDRITE, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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7
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Bush SJ, Goriely A. Can the male germline offer insight into mammalian brain size expansion? Andrology 2024. [PMID: 39291969 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic data have greatly expanded our understanding of both spermatogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of male infertility. However, this growing wealth of data could also shed light on a seemingly unrelated biological problem: the genetic basis of mammalian brain size expansion throughout evolution. It is now increasingly recognized that the testis and brain share many cellular and molecular similarities including pivotal roles for the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, mutations in which are known to have a pronounced impact on cell proliferation. Most notably, in the stem cell lineages of both organs, new mutations have been shown to increase cellular output over time. These include 'selfish' mutations in spermatogonial stem cells, which disproportionately increase the proportion of mutant sperm, and-to draw a parallel-human-specific mutations in neural stem cells which, by increasing the number of neurons, have been implicated in neocortical expansion. Here we speculate that the origin for many 'expansion'-associated mutations is the male germline and that as such, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms controlling testicular turnover may yield fresh insight into the biology and evolution of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bush
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anne Goriely
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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8
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Zhang L, Bai W, Peng Y, Lin Y, Tian M. Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Central Nervous System Development and Injuries: A Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7075-7091. [PMID: 38367136 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of central nervous system (CNS) can form perceptual, memory, and cognitive functions, while injuries to CNS often lead to severe neurological dysfunction and even death. As one of the prevalent post-translational modifications (PTMs), O-GlcNAcylation has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in regulating the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of target proteins. It has been indicated that O-GlcNAcylation could interact with phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation to jointly regulate the function and activity of proteins. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have suggested that O-GlcNAcylation played an important role in the CNS. During development, O-GlcNAcylation participated in the neurogenesis, neuronal development, and neuronal function. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation was involved in the progress of CNS injuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and played a crucial role in the improvement of brain damage such as attenuating cognitive impairment, inhibiting neuroinflammation, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation showed great promise as a potential target in CNS development and injuries. In this article, we presented a review highlighting the role of O-GlcNAcylation in CNS development and injuries. Hence, on the basis of these properties and effects, intervention with O-GlcNAcylation may be developed as therapeutic agents for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanshan Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaonan Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Murray M, Davidson L, Ferenbach AT, Lefeber D, van Aalten DMF. Neuroectoderm phenotypes in a human stem cell model of O-GlcNAc transferase associated with intellectual disability. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108492. [PMID: 38759397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the O-GlcNAc transferase gene (OGT) have been associated with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), presenting with intellectual disability which may be of neuroectodermal origin. To test the hypothesis that pathology is linked to defects in differentiation during early embryogenesis, we developed an OGT-CDG induced pluripotent stem cell line together with isogenic control generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing. Although the OGT-CDG variant leads to a significant decrease in OGT and O-GlcNAcase protein levels, there were no changes in differentiation potential or stemness. However, differentiation into ectoderm resulted in significant differences in O-GlcNAc homeostasis. Further differentiation to neuronal stem cells revealed differences in morphology between patient and control lines, accompanied by disruption of the O-GlcNAc pathway. This suggests a critical role for O-GlcNAcylation in early neuroectoderm architecture, with robust compensatory mechanisms in the earliest stages of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murray
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK, Denmark
| | - Dirk Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, NL, the Netherlands
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK, Denmark.
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10
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Authier F, Ondruskova N, Ferenbach AT, McNeilly AD, van Aalten DMF. Neurodevelopmental defects in a mouse model of O-GlcNAc transferase intellectual disability. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050671. [PMID: 38566589 PMCID: PMC11095632 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to proteins (referred to as O-GlcNAcylation) is a modification that is crucial for vertebrate development. O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Missense variants of OGT have recently been shown to segregate with an X-linked syndromic form of intellectual disability, OGT-linked congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG). Although the existence of OGT-CDG suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for neurodevelopment and/or cognitive function, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report a mouse line that carries a catalytically impaired OGT-CDG variant. These mice show altered O-GlcNAc homeostasis with decreased global O-GlcNAcylation and reduced levels of OGT and OGA in the brain. Phenotypic characterization of the mice revealed lower body weight associated with reduced body fat mass, short stature and microcephaly. This mouse model will serve as an important tool to study genotype-phenotype correlations in OGT-CDG in vivo and for the development of possible treatment avenues for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Authier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Ondruskova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew T. Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alison D. McNeilly
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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11
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Du P, Zhang X, Lian X, Hölscher C, Xue G. O-GlcNAcylation and Its Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1051-1068. [PMID: 38250776 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a non-classical post-translational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is widely found in human organ systems, particularly in our brains, and is indispensable for healthy cell biology. With the increasing age of the global population, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, too. The common characteristic of these disorders is the aggregation of abnormal proteins in the brain. Current research has found that O-GlcNAcylation dysregulation is involved in misfolding or aggregation of these abnormal proteins to mediate disease progression, but the specific mechanism has not been defined. This paper reviews recent studies on O-GlcNAcylation's roles in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Machado-Joseph's disease, and giant axonal neuropathy, and shows that O-GlcNAcylation, as glucose metabolism sensor, mediating synaptic function, participating in oxidative stress response and signaling pathway conduction, directly or indirectly regulates characteristic pathological protein toxicity and affects disease progression. The existing results suggest that targeting O-GlcNAcylation will provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Lian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofang Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Pratt MR, Vocadlo DJ. Understanding and exploiting the roles of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105411. [PMID: 37918804 PMCID: PMC10687168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Determining the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes O-GlcNAc from proteins, enabled the creation of potent and selective inhibitors of this regulatory enzyme. Such inhibitors have served as important tools in helping to uncover the cellular and organismal physiological roles of this modification. In addition, OGA inhibitors have been important for defining the augmentation of O-GlcNAc as a promising disease-modifying approach to combat several neurodegenerative diseases including both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These studies have led to development and optimization of OGA inhibitors for clinical application. These compounds have been shown to be well tolerated in early clinical studies and are steadily advancing into the clinic. Despite these advances, the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc protects against these various types of neurodegeneration are a topic of continuing interest since improved insight may enable the creation of more targeted strategies to modulate O-GlcNAc for therapeutic benefit. Relevant pathways on which O-GlcNAc has been found to exert beneficial effects include autophagy, necroptosis, and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. More recently, the development and application of chemical methods enabling the synthesis of homogenous proteins have clarified the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on protein aggregation and uncovered new roles for O-GlcNAc in heat shock response. Here, we discuss the features of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases, the application of inhibitors to identify the roles of this modification, and the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on proteins and pathways associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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13
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Wulff-Fuentes E, Boakye J, Kroenke K, Berendt RR, Martinez-Morant C, Pereckas M, Hanover JA, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. O-GlcNAcylation regulates OTX2's proteostasis. iScience 2023; 26:108184. [PMID: 38026167 PMCID: PMC10661118 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a key post-translational modification, playing a vital role in cell signaling during development, especially in the brain. In this study, we investigated the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating the homeobox protein OTX2, which contributes to various brain disorders, such as combined pituitary hormone deficiency, retinopathy, and medulloblastoma. Our research demonstrated that, under normal physiological conditions, the proteasome plays a pivotal role in breaking down endogenous OTX2. However, when the levels of OTX2 rise, it forms oligomers and/or aggregates that require macroautophagy for clearance. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation enhances the solubility of OTX2, thereby limiting the formation of these aggregates. Additionally, we unveiled an interaction between OTX2 and the chaperone protein CCT5 at the O-GlcNAc sites, suggesting a potential collaborative role in preventing OTX2 aggregation. Finally, our study demonstrated that while OTX2 physiologically promotes cell proliferation, an O-GlcNAc-depleted OTX2 is detrimental to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Boakye
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0851, USA
| | - Kaeley Kroenke
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rex R. Berendt
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Michaela Pereckas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0851, USA
| | - Stephanie Olivier-Van Stichelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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14
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Omelková M, Fenger CD, Murray M, Hammer TB, Pravata VM, Bartual SG, Czajewski I, Bayat A, Ferenbach AT, Stavridis MP, van Aalten DMF. An O-GlcNAc transferase pathogenic variant linked to intellectual disability affects pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049132. [PMID: 37334838 PMCID: PMC10309585 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that modifies proteins with O-GlcNAc. Inborn OGT genetic variants were recently shown to mediate a novel type of congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), which is characterised by X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and developmental delay. Here, we report an OGTC921Y variant that co-segregates with XLID and epileptic seizures, and results in loss of catalytic activity. Colonies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells carrying OGTC921Y showed decreased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation accompanied by decreased levels of Oct4 (encoded by Pou5f1), Sox2 and extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), implying reduced self-renewal capacity. These data establish a link between OGT-CDG and embryonic stem cell self-renewal, providing a foundation for examining the developmental aetiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Omelková
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Christina Dühring Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Marta Murray
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Trine Bjørg Hammer
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
| | - Veronica M. Pravata
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sergio Galan Bartual
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
| | - Andrew T. Ferenbach
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marios P. Stavridis
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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15
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Wu HF, Huang CW, Art J, Liu HX, Hart GW, Zeltner N. O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for sympathetic neuron development, maintenance, functionality and contributes to peripheral neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1137847. [PMID: 37229433 PMCID: PMC10203903 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1137847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates a wide range of cellular functions and has been associated with multiple metabolic diseases in various organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the efferent portion of the autonomic nervous system that regulates metabolism of almost all organs in the body. How much the development and functionality of the SNS are influenced by O-GlcNAcylation, as well as how such regulation could contribute to sympathetic neuron (symN)-related neuropathy in diseased states, remains unknown. Here, we assessed the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation at various stages of symN development, using a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based symN differentiation paradigm. We found that pharmacological disruption of O-GlcNAcylation impaired both the growth and survival of hPSC-derived symNs. In the high glucose condition that mimics hyperglycemia, hPSC-derived symNs were hyperactive, and their regenerative capacity was impaired, which resembled typical neuronal defects in patients and animal models of diabetes mellitus. Using this model of sympathetic neuropathy, we discovered that O-GlcNAcylation increased in symNs under high glucose, which lead to hyperactivity. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation rescued high glucose-induced symN hyperactivity and cell stress. This framework provides the first insight into the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in both healthy and diseased human symNs and may be used as a platform for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Art
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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16
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Sung H, Vaziri A, Wilinski D, Woerner RKR, Freddolino L, Dus M. Nutrigenomic regulation of sensory plasticity. eLife 2023; 12:e83979. [PMID: 36951889 PMCID: PMC10036121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet profoundly influences brain physiology, but how metabolic information is transmuted into neural activity and behavior changes remains elusive. Here, we show that the metabolic enzyme O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) moonlights on the chromatin of the D. melanogaster gustatory neurons to instruct changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription that underlie sensory adaptations to a high-sugar diet. OGT works synergistically with the Mitogen Activated Kinase/Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase (MAPK/ERK) rolled and its effector stripe (also known as EGR2 or Krox20) to integrate activity information. OGT also cooperates with the epigenetic silencer Polycomb Repressive Complex 2.1 (PRC2.1) to decrease chromatin accessibility and repress transcription in the high-sugar diet. This integration of nutritional and activity information changes the taste neurons' responses to sugar and the flies' ability to sense sweetness. Our findings reveal how nutrigenomic signaling generates neural activity and behavior in response to dietary changes in the sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Sung
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Anoumid Vaziri
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- The Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Daniel Wilinski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Riley KR Woerner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Lydia Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Monica Dus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- The Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- The Michigan Neuroscience InstituteAnn ArborUnited States
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17
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification performed by two opposing enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-GlcNAcylation is generally believed to act as a metabolic integrator in numerous signalling pathways. The stoichiometry of this modification is tightly controlled throughout all stages of development, with both hypo/hyper O-GlcNAcylation resulting in broad defects. In this Primer, we discuss the role of O-GlcNAcylation in developmental processes from stem cell maintenance and differentiation to cell and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Czajewski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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18
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Hart G, Huang CW, Rust N, Wu HF. Altered O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, a molecular link between brain glucose dysregulation and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:779-783. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Wenzel DM, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. The O-GlcNAc cycling in neurodevelopment and associated diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1693-1702. [PMID: 36383066 PMCID: PMC10462390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper neuronal development is essential to growth and adult brain function. Alterations at any step of this highly organized sequence of events, due to genetic mutations or environmental factors, triggers brain malformations, which are leading causes of diseases including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and many others. The role of glycosylation in neuronal development has been emphasized for many years, notably in studying human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). These diseases highlight that genetic defects in glycosylation pathways are almost always associated with severe neurological abnormalities, suggesting that glycosylation plays an essential role in early brain development. Congenital disorders of O-GlcNAcylation are no exception, and all mutations of the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are associated with X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID). In addition, mouse models and in vitro mechanistic studies have reinforced the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development and signaling. In this review, we give an overview of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this critical physiological process and emphasize the consequences of its dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A
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20
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Jo S, Pritchard S, Wong A, Avula N, Essawy A, Hanover J, Alejandro EU. Pancreatic β-cell hyper-O-GlcNAcylation leads to impaired glucose homeostasis in vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1040014. [PMID: 36387851 PMCID: PMC9644030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient and stress-sensitive protein post-translational modification (PTM). The addition of an O-GlcNAc molecule to proteins is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme is responsible for removal of this PTM. Previous work showed that OGT is highly expressed in the pancreas, and we demonstrated that hypo-O-GlcNAcylation in β-cells cause severe diabetes in mice. These studies show a direct link between nutrient-sensitive OGT and β-cell health and function. In the current study, we hypothesized that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation may confer protection from β-cell failure in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. To test this hypothesis, we generated a mouse model with constitutive β-cell OGA ablation (βOGAKO) to specifically increase O-GlcNAcylation in β-cells. Under normal chow diet, young male and female βOGAKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance but developed glucose intolerance with aging, relative to littermate controls. No alteration in β-cell mass was observed between βOGAKO and littermate controls. Total insulin content was reduced despite an increase in pro-insulin to insulin ratio in βOGAKO islets. βOGAKO mice showed deficit in insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. When young animals were subjected to HFD, both male and female βOGAKO mice displayed normal body weight gain and insulin tolerance but developed glucose intolerance that worsened with longer exposure to HFD. Comparable β-cell mass was found between βOGAKO and littermate controls. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the loss of OGA in β-cells reduces β-cell function, thereby perturbing glucose homeostasis. The findings reinforce the rheostat model of intracellular O-GlcNAcylation where too much (OGA loss) or too little (OGT loss) O-GlcNAcylation are both detrimental to the β-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Samantha Pritchard
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nandini Avula
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ahmad Essawy
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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21
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Protein O-GlcNAcylation and the regulation of energy homeostasis: lessons from knock-out mouse models. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:64. [PMID: 36058931 PMCID: PMC9443036 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation corresponds to the addition of N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. This reversible modification is catalysed by a unique couple of enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). OGT uses UDP-GlcNAc produced in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, to modify proteins. UDP-GlcNAc is at the cross-roads of several cellular metabolisms, including glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, OGT is considered as a metabolic sensor that post-translationally modifies proteins according to nutrient availability. O-GlcNAcylation can modulate protein–protein interactions and regulate protein enzymatic activities, stability or subcellular localization. In addition, it can compete with phosphorylation on the same serine or threonine residues, or regulate positively or negatively the phosphorylation of adjacent residues. As such, O-GlcNAcylation is a major actor in the regulation of cell signaling and has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes. A large body of evidence have indicated that increased O-GlcNAcylation participates in the deleterious effects of glucose (glucotoxicity) in metabolic diseases. However, recent studies using mice models with OGT or OGA knock-out in different tissues have shown that O-GlcNAcylation protects against various cellular stresses, and indicate that both increase and decrease in O-GlcNAcylation have deleterious effects on the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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22
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Lockridge A, Hanover JA. A nexus of lipid and O-Glcnac metabolism in physiology and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943576. [PMID: 36111295 PMCID: PMC9468787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditionally considered a glucose metabolism-associated modification, the O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulatory system interacts extensively with lipids and is required to maintain lipid homeostasis. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling have molecular properties consistent with those expected of broad-spectrum environmental sensors. By direct protein-protein interactions and catalytic modification, O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes may provide both acute and long-term adaptation to stress and other environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability. Depending on the cell type, hyperlipidemia potentiates or depresses O-GlcNAc levels, sometimes biphasically, through a diversity of unique mechanisms that target UDP-GlcNAc synthesis and the availability, activity and substrate selectivity of the glycosylation enzymes, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). At the same time, OGT activity in multiple tissues has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of systemic lipid uptake, storage and release. Hyperlipidemic patterns of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells are consistent with both transient physiological adaptation and feedback uninhibited obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the numerous interconnections between lipid and O-GlcNAc metabolism. These links provide insights into how the O-GlcNAc regulatory system may contribute to lipid-associated diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Lockridge
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Liu Y, Nelson ZM, Reda A, Fehl C. Spatiotemporal Proximity Labeling Tools to Track GlcNAc Sugar-Modified Functional Protein Hubs during Cellular Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2153-2164. [PMID: 35819414 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental mechanism that all eukaryotic cells use to adapt to their environment is dynamic protein modification with monosaccharide sugars. In humans, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is rapidly added to and removed from diverse protein sites as a response to fluctuating nutrient levels, stressors, and signaling cues. Two aspects remain challenging for tracking functional O-GlcNAc events with chemical strategies: spatial control over subcellular locations and time control during labeling. The objective of this study was to create intracellular proximity labeling tools to identify functional changes in O-GlcNAc patterns with spatiotemporal control. We developed a labeling strategy based on the TurboID proximity labeling system for rapid protein biotin conjugation directed to O-GlcNAc protein modifications inside cells, a set of tools called "GlycoID." Localized variants to the nucleus and cytosol, nuc-GlycoID and cyt-GlycoID, labeled O-GlcNAc proteins and their interactomes in subcellular space. Labeling during insulin and serum stimulation revealed functional changes in O-GlcNAc proteins as soon as 30 min following signal initiation. We demonstrated using proteomic analysis that the GlycoID strategy captured O-GlcNAcylated "activity hubs" consisting of O-GlcNAc proteins and their associated protein-protein interactions. The ability to follow changes in O-GlcNAc hubs during physiological events such as insulin signaling allows these tools to determine the mechanisms of glycobiological cell regulation. Our functional O-GlcNAc data sets in human cells will be a valuable resource for O-GlcNAc-driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zachary M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ali Reda
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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24
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Burt RA, Alghusen IM, John Ephrame S, Villar MT, Artigues A, Slawson C. Mapping the O-GlcNAc Modified Proteome: Applications for Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:920727. [PMID: 35664676 PMCID: PMC9161079 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.920727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a pleotropic, enigmatic post-translational modification (PTM). This PTM modifies thousands of proteins differentially across tissue types and regulates diverse cellular signaling processes. O-GlcNAc is implicated in numerous diseases, and the advent of O-GlcNAc perturbation as a novel class of therapeutic underscores the importance of identifying and quantifying the O-GlcNAc modified proteome. Here, we review recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics that will be critical in elucidating the role of this unique glycosylation system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan A. Burt
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Ibtihal M. Alghusen
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Sophiya John Ephrame
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Maria T. Villar
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Antonio Artigues
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Kansas, KS, United States
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
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25
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Landrieu I, Dupré E, Sinnaeve D, El Hajjar L, Smet-Nocca C. Deciphering the Structure and Formation of Amyloids in Neurodegenerative Diseases With Chemical Biology Tools. Front Chem 2022; 10:886382. [PMID: 35646824 PMCID: PMC9133342 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.886382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation into highly ordered, regularly repeated cross-β sheet structures called amyloid fibrils is closely associated to human disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, or systemic diseases like type II diabetes. Yet, in some cases, such as the HET-s prion, amyloids have biological functions. High-resolution structures of amyloids fibrils from cryo-electron microscopy have very recently highlighted their ultrastructural organization and polymorphisms. However, the molecular mechanisms and the role of co-factors (posttranslational modifications, non-proteinaceous components and other proteins) acting on the fibril formation are still poorly understood. Whether amyloid fibrils play a toxic or protective role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, such aberrant protein-protein interactions challenge the search of small-molecule drugs or immunotherapy approaches targeting amyloid formation. In this review, we describe how chemical biology tools contribute to new insights on the mode of action of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides, defining their structural signature and aggregation pathways by capturing their molecular details and conformational heterogeneity. Challenging the imagination of scientists, this constantly expanding field provides crucial tools to unravel mechanistic detail of amyloid formation such as semisynthetic proteins and small-molecule sensors of conformational changes and/or aggregation. Protein engineering methods and bioorthogonal chemistry for the introduction of protein chemical modifications are additional fruitful strategies to tackle the challenge of understanding amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Landrieu
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Elian Dupré
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Léa El Hajjar
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Smet-Nocca
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
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Loss of O-GlcNAcylation on MeCP2 at Threonine 203 Leads to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:113-134. [PMID: 34773221 PMCID: PMC8821740 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene in humans are responsible for most cases of Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. While genome-wide screens in clinical trials have revealed several putative RTT-associated mutations in MECP2, their causal relevance regarding the functional regulation of MeCP2 at the etiologic sites at the protein level requires more evidence. In this study, we demonstrated that MeCP2 was dynamically modified by O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at threonine 203 (T203), an etiologic site in RTT patients. Disruption of the O-GlcNAcylation of MeCP2 specifically at T203 impaired dendrite development and spine maturation in cultured hippocampal neurons, and disrupted neuronal migration, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and caused dysfunction of synaptic transmission in the developing and juvenile mouse cerebral cortex. Mechanistically, genetic disruption of O-GlcNAcylation at T203 on MeCP2 decreased the neuronal activity-induced induction of Bdnf transcription. Our study highlights the critical role of MeCP2 T203 O-GlcNAcylation in neural development and synaptic transmission potentially via brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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27
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Lu V, Roy IJ, Teitell MA. Nutrients in the fate of pluripotent stem cells. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2108-2121. [PMID: 34644538 PMCID: PMC8568661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells model certain features of early mammalian development ex vivo. Medium-supplied nutrients can influence self-renewal, lineage specification, and earliest differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. However, which specific nutrients support these distinct outcomes, and their mechanisms of action, remain under active investigation. Here, we evaluate the available data on nutrients and their metabolic conversion that influence pluripotent stem cell fates. We also discuss key questions open for investigation in this rapidly expanding area of increasing fundamental and practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irena J Roy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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28
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Lee BE, Suh PG, Kim JI. O-GlcNAcylation in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1674-1682. [PMID: 34837015 PMCID: PMC8639716 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that adds O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues of many proteins. This protein modification interacts with key cellular pathways involved in transcription, translation, and proteostasis. Although ubiquitous throughout the body, O-GlcNAc is particularly abundant in the brain, and various proteins commonly found at synapses are O-GlcNAcylated. Recent studies have demonstrated that the modulation of O-GlcNAc in the brain alters synaptic and neuronal functions. Furthermore, altered brain O-GlcNAcylation is associated with either the etiology or pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, while the manipulation of O-GlcNAc exerts neuroprotective effects against these diseases. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain remain unclear, O-GlcNAcylation is critical for regulating diverse neural functions, and its levels change during normal and pathological aging. In this review, we will highlight the functional importance of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Kim SM, Zhang S, Park J, Sung HJ, Tran TDT, Chung C, Han IO. REM Sleep Deprivation Impairs Learning and Memory by Decreasing Brain O-GlcNAc Cycling in Mouse. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2504-2517. [PMID: 34312767 PMCID: PMC8804064 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is implicated learning and memory (L/M) functions and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we demonstrate that REM sleep deprivation (REMSD)-induced impairment of contextual fear memory in mouse is linked to a reduction in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP)/O-GlcNAc flux in mouse brain. In mice exposed to REMSD, O-GlcNAcylation, and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were downregulated while O-GlcNAcase was upregulated compared to control mouse brain. Foot shock fear conditioning (FC) induced activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which were significantly inhibited in brains of the REMSD group. Intriguingly, REMSD-induced defects in L/M functions and FC-induced PKA/CREB activation were restored upon increasing O-GlcNAc cycling with glucosamine (GlcN) or Thiamet G. Furthermore, Thiamet G restored the REMSD-induced decrease in dendritic spine density. Suppression of O-GlcNAcylation by the glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) inhibitor, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), or OGT inhibitor, OSMI-1, impaired memory function, and inhibited FC-induced PKA/CREB activation. DON additionally reduced the amplitude of baseline field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) in normal mouse hippocampal slices. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide comprehensive evidence of dynamic O-GlcNAcylation changes during the L/M process in mice and defects in this pathway in the brain of REM sleep-deprived mice. Our collective results highlight HBP/O-GlcNAc cycling as a novel molecular link between sleep and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seungjae Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Sung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Thuy-Duong Thi Tran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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30
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Vaziri A, Dus M. Brain on food: The neuroepigenetics of nutrition. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105099. [PMID: 34133954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans have known for millennia that nutrition has a profound influence on health and disease, but it is only recently that we have begun mapping the mechanisms via which the dietary environment impacts brain physiology and behavior. Here we review recent evidence on the effects of energy-dense and methionine diets on neural epigenetic marks, gene expression, and behavior in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms. We also discuss limitations, open questions, and future directions in the emerging field of the neuroepigenetics of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoumid Vaziri
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Monica Dus
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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31
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Na HJ, Akan I, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation Controls DNA Damage Repair Signaling and Stem/Progenitor Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107632. [PMID: 32402277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells exhibit high proliferation rates, elevated nutrient uptake, altered metabolic flux, and stress-induced genome instability. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which act in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. The precise role of O-GlcNAc in adult stem cells and the relationship between O-GlcNAc and the DNA damage response (DDR) is poorly understood. Here, we show that hyper-O-GlcNacylation leads to elevated insulin signaling, hyperproliferation, and DDR activation that mimic the glucose- and oxidative-stress-induced response. We discover a feedback mechanism involving key downstream effectors of DDR, ATM, ATR, and CHK1/2 that regulates OGT stability to promote O-GlcNAcylation and elevate DDR. This O-GlcNAc-dependent regulatory pathway is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis in Drosophila and the DDR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our findings reveal a conserved mechanistic link among O-GlcNAc cycling, stem cell self-renewal, and DDR with profound implications for stem-cell-derived diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilhan Akan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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32
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O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc Cycling Regulate Gene Transcription: Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071666. [PMID: 33916244 PMCID: PMC8037238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) linking nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to gene transcription. Mounting experimental and clinical data implicates aberrant O-GlcNAcylation in the development and progression of cancer. Herein, we discuss how alteration of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcriptional mechanisms leads to atypical gene expression in cancer. We discuss the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAc function and present several new approaches for studies of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcription. Abstract O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar post-translational modification (PTM) of intracellular proteins linking nutrient flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to the control of cis-regulatory elements in the genome. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with the development, progression, and alterations in gene expression in cancer. O-GlcNAc cycling is defined as the addition and subsequent removal of the modification by O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) provides a novel method for cells to regulate various aspects of gene expression, including RNA polymerase function, epigenetic dynamics, and transcription factor activity. We will focus on the complex relationship between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of the RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) pre-initiation complex and the regulation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNAP II via the synchronous actions of OGT, OGA, and kinases. Additionally, we discuss how O-GlcNAcylation of TATA-box binding protein (TBP) alters cellular metabolism. Next, in a non-exhaustive manner, we will discuss the current literature on how O-GlcNAcylation drives gene transcription in cancer through changes in transcription factor or chromatin remodeling complex functions. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAcylation and present several new approaches for studying O-GlcNAc regulated transcription that will advance our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cancer.
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33
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Mueller T, Ouyang X, Johnson MS, Qian WJ, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. New Insights Into the Biology of Protein O-GlcNAcylation: Approaches and Observations. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 1:620382. [PMID: 35822169 PMCID: PMC9261361 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2020.620382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a protein posttranslational modification that results in the addition of O-GlcNAc to Ser/Thr residues. Since its discovery in the 1980s, it has been shown to play an important role in a broad range of cellular functions by modifying nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins. The addition of O-GlcNAc is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and its removal is catalyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation change in response to nutrient availability and metabolic, oxidative, and proteotoxic stress. OGT and OGA levels, activity, and target engagement are also regulated. Together, this results in adaptive and, on occasions, detrimental responses that affect cellular function and survival, which impact a broad range of pathologies and aging. Over the past several decades, approaches and tools to aid the investigation of the regulation and consequences of protein O-GlcNAcylation have been developed and enhanced. This review is divided into two sections: 1) We will first focus on current standard and advanced technical approaches for assessing enzymatic activities of OGT and OGT, assessing the global and specific protein O-GlcNAcylation and 2) we will summarize in vivo findings of functional consequences of changing protein O-GlcNAcylation, using genetic and pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Mueller
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xiaosen Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michelle S. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - John C. Chatham
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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34
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Groenevelt JM, Corey DJ, Fehl C. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Applications of O-GlcNAcylated Peptides and Proteins. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1854-1870. [PMID: 33450137 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All human cells use O-GlcNAc protein modifications (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) to rapidly adapt to changing nutrient and stress conditions through signaling, epigenetic, and proteostasis mechanisms. A key challenge for biologists in defining precise roles for specific O-GlcNAc sites is synthetic access to homogenous isoforms of O-GlcNAc proteins, a result of the non-genetically templated, transient, and heterogeneous nature of O-GlcNAc modifications. Toward a solution, this review details the state of the art of two strategies for O-GlcNAc protein modification: advances in "bottom-up" O-GlcNAc peptide synthesis and direct "top-down" installation of O-GlcNAc on full proteins. We also describe key applications of synthetic O-GlcNAc peptide and protein tools as therapeutics, biophysical structure-function studies, biomarkers, and as disease mechanistic probes to advance translational O-GlcNAc biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Groenevelt
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Daniel J Corey
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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35
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Lee BE, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Jeong H, Kim BG, Lee HE, Lee J, Kim HB, Lee SE, Yang YR, Yi EC, Hanover JA, Myung K, Suh PG, Kwon T, Kim JI. O-GlcNAcylation regulates dopamine neuron function, survival and degeneration in Parkinson disease. Brain 2021; 143:3699-3716. [PMID: 33300544 PMCID: PMC7805798 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine system in the midbrain is essential for volitional movement, action selection, and reward-related learning. Despite its versatile roles, it contains only a small set of neurons in the brainstem. These dopamine neurons are especially susceptible to Parkinson’s disease and prematurely degenerate in the course of disease progression, while the discovery of new therapeutic interventions has been disappointingly unsuccessful. Here, we show that O-GlcNAcylation, an essential post-translational modification in various types of cells, is critical for the physiological function and survival of dopamine neurons. Bidirectional modulation of O-GlcNAcylation importantly regulates dopamine neurons at the molecular, synaptic, cellular, and behavioural levels. Remarkably, genetic and pharmacological upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation mitigates neurodegeneration, synaptic impairments, and motor deficits in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. These findings provide insights into the functional importance of O-GlcNAcylation in the dopamine system, which may be utilized to protect dopamine neurons against Parkinson’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsun Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney (NIDDK), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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36
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Muha V, Authier F, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Johnson S, Gallagher J, McNeilly A, McCrimmon RJ, Teboul L, van Aalten DMF. Loss of O-GlcNAcase catalytic activity leads to defects in mouse embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100439. [PMID: 33610549 PMCID: PMC7988489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification that has been implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the sole enzyme catalyzing the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins, has emerged as a potential drug target. OGA consists of an N-terminal OGA catalytic domain and a C-terminal pseudo histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain with unknown function. To investigate phenotypes specific to loss of OGA catalytic activity and dissect the role of the HAT domain, we generated a constitutive knock-in mouse line, carrying a mutation of a catalytic aspartic acid to alanine. These mice showed perinatal lethality and abnormal embryonic growth with skewed Mendelian ratios after day E18.5. We observed tissue-specific changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis regulation to compensate for loss of OGA activity. Using X-ray microcomputed tomography on late gestation embryos, we identified defects in the kidney, brain, liver, and stomach. Taken together, our data suggest that developmental defects during gestation may arise upon prolonged OGA inhibition specifically because of loss of OGA catalytic activity and independent of the function of the HAT domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villő Muha
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Florence Authier
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Sara Johnson
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison McNeilly
- System Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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37
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Sheikh MA, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. Stem cell fate determination through protein O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100035. [PMID: 33154167 PMCID: PMC7948975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and adult stem cells possess the capability of self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. The intricate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is governed by developmental signals and cell-type-specific gene regulatory mechanisms. A perturbed intra/extracellular environment during lineage specification could affect stem cell fate decisions resulting in pathology. Growing evidence demonstrates that metabolic pathways govern epigenetic regulation of gene expression during stem cell fate commitment through the utilization of metabolic intermediates or end products of metabolic pathways as substrates for enzymatic histone/DNA modifications. UDP-GlcNAc is one such metabolite that acts as a substrate for enzymatic mono-glycosylation of various nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins on serine/threonine amino acid residues, a process termed protein O-GlcNAcylation. The levels of GlcNAc inside the cells depend on the nutrient availability, especially glucose. Thus, this metabolic sensor could modulate gene expression through O-GlcNAc modification of histones or other proteins in response to metabolic fluctuations. Herein, we review evidence demonstrating how stem cells couple metabolic inputs to gene regulatory pathways through O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic/transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to govern self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation programs. This review will serve as a primer for researchers seeking to better understand how O-GlcNAc influences stemness and may catalyze the discovery of new stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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38
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Konzman D, Abramowitz LK, Steenackers A, Mukherjee MM, Na HJ, Hanover JA. O-GlcNAc: Regulator of Signaling and Epigenetics Linked to X-linked Intellectual Disability. Front Genet 2020; 11:605263. [PMID: 33329753 PMCID: PMC7719714 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.605263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular identity in multicellular organisms is maintained by characteristic transcriptional networks, nutrient consumption, energy production and metabolite utilization. Integrating these cell-specific programs are epigenetic modifiers, whose activity is often dependent on nutrients and their metabolites to function as substrates and co-factors. Emerging data has highlighted the role of the nutrient-sensing enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) as an epigenetic modifier essential in coordinating cellular transcriptional programs and metabolic homeostasis. OGT utilizes the end-product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway to modify proteins with O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). The levels of the modification are held in check by the O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Studies from model organisms and human disease underscore the conserved function these two enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling play in transcriptional regulation, cellular plasticity and mitochondrial reprogramming. Here, we review these findings and present an integrated view of how O-GlcNAc cycling may contribute to cellular memory and transgenerational inheritance of responses to parental stress. We focus on a rare human genetic disorder where mutant forms of OGT are inherited or acquired de novo. Ongoing analysis of this disorder, OGT- X-linked intellectual disability (OGT-XLID), provides a window into how epigenetic factors linked to O-GlcNAc cycling may influence neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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39
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Li HJ, Wang Y, Li BX, Yang Y, Guan F, Pang XC, Li X. Roles of ten-eleven translocation family proteins and their O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylated forms in cancer development. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:1. [PMID: 33240407 PMCID: PMC7681232 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) protein family of which three mammalian TET proteins have been discovered so far, catalyze the sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine which serve an important role in embryonic development and tumor progression. O-GlcNAcylation (O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation) is a reversible post-translational modification known to serve important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis especially in hematopoietic malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. O-GlcNAcylation activity requires only two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). OGT catalyzes attachment of GlcNAc sugar to serine, threonine and cytosine residues in proteins, while OGA hydrolyzes O-GlcNAc attached to proteins. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated that TETs can be O-GlcNAcylated by OGT, with consequent alteration of TET activity and stability. The present review focuses on the cellular, biological and biochemical functions of TET and its O-GlcNAcylated form and proposes a model of the role of TET/OGT complex in regulation of target proteins during cancer development. In addition, the present review provides directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China.,Hematology Institute, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China.,Hematology Institute, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Chen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China.,Hematology Institute, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China.,Hematology Institute, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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40
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Bukke VN, Villani R, Archana M, Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K, Orkisz S, Ferraro L, Serviddio G, Cassano T. The Glucose Metabolic Pathway as A Potential Target for Therapeutics: Crucial Role of Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207739. [PMID: 33086751 PMCID: PMC7589651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose uptake in the brain decreases because of normal aging but this decline is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In fact, positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that metabolic reductions in AD patients occur decades before the onset of symptoms, suggesting that metabolic deficits may be an upstream event in at least some late-onset cases. A decrease in availability of glucose content induces a considerable impairment/downregulation of glycosylation, which is an important post-translational modification. Glycosylation is an important and highly regulated mechanism of secondary protein processing within cells and it plays a crucial role in modulating stability of proteins, as carbohydrates are important in achieving the proper three-dimensional conformation of glycoproteins. Moreover, glycosylation acts as a metabolic sensor that links glucose metabolism to normal neuronal functioning. All the proteins involved in β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein metabolism have been identified as candidates of glycosylation highlighting the possibility that Aβ metabolism could be regulated by their glycosylation. Within this framework, the present review aims to summarize the current understanding on the role of glycosylation in the etiopathology of AD, emphasizing the idea that glucose metabolic pathway may represent an alternative therapeutic option for targeting AD. From this perspective, the pharmacological modulation of glycosylation levels may represent a ‘sweet approach’ to treat AD targeting new mechanisms independent of the amyloid cascade and with comparable impacts in familial and sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Moola Archana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Stanislaw Orkisz
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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41
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Age-related loss of neural stem cell O-GlcNAc promotes a glial fate switch through STAT3 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22214-22224. [PMID: 32848054 PMCID: PMC7486730 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007439117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool is a major driver of age-related regenerative decline in the hippocampus. While increased quiescence is a major contributor to this decline, NSCs can also undergo terminal differentiation into astrocytes, thus restricting the stem cell pool. The mechanisms underlying this fate switch and their relation to age-related regenerative decline have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we report an age-related decline in NSC O-GlcNAcylation, coincident with reduced neurogenesis and increased gliogenesis. We identify loss of O-GlcNAcylation at STAT3 T717 in the hippocampus with age, and demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation of this site is a critical determinant of NSC fate. Our work expands our understanding of how posttranslational modifications influence the aging brain. Increased neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence is a major determinant of age-related regenerative decline in the adult hippocampus. However, a coextensive model has been proposed in which division-coupled conversion of NSCs into differentiated astrocytes restrict the stem cell pool with age. Here we report that age-related loss of the posttranslational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), in NSCs promotes a glial fate switch. We detect an age-dependent decrease in NSC O-GlcNAc levels coincident with decreased neurogenesis and increased gliogenesis in the mature hippocampus. Mimicking an age-related loss of NSC O-GlcNAcylation in young mice reduces neurogenesis, increases astrocyte differentiation, and impairs associated cognitive function. Using RNA-sequencing of primary NSCs following decreased O-GlcNAcylation, we detected changes in the STAT3 signaling pathway indicative of glial differentiation. Moreover, using O-GlcNAc–specific mass spectrometry analysis of the aging hippocampus, together with an in vitro site-directed mutagenesis approach, we identify loss of STAT3 O-GlcNAc at Threonine 717 as a driver of astrocyte differentiation. Our data identify the posttranslational modification, O-GlcNAc, as a key molecular regulator of regenerative decline underlying an age-related NSC fate switch.
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42
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Chatham JC, Zhang J, Wende AR. Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:427-493. [PMID: 32730113 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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43
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Pravata VM, Omelková M, Stavridis MP, Desbiens CM, Stephen HM, Lefeber DJ, Gecz J, Gundogdu M, Õunap K, Joss S, Schwartz CE, Wells L, van Aalten DMF. An intellectual disability syndrome with single-nucleotide variants in O-GlcNAc transferase. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:706-714. [PMID: 32080367 PMCID: PMC7253464 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects ~1% of the world population. In total 5-10% of ID cases are due to variants in genes located on the X chromosome. Recently, variants in OGT have been shown to co-segregate with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) in multiple families. OGT encodes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an essential enzyme that catalyses O-linked glycosylation with β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine/threonine residues of thousands of nuclear and cytosolic proteins. In this review, we compile the work from the last few years that clearly delineates a new syndromic form of ID, which we propose to classify as a novel Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG). We discuss potential hypotheses for the underpinning molecular mechanism(s) that provide impetus for future research studies geared towards informed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M. Pravata
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Gene Regulation and Expression and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michaela Omelková
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Gene Regulation and Expression and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marios P. Stavridis
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chelsea M. Desbiens
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Hannah M. Stephen
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jozef Gecz
- 0000 0004 1936 7304grid.1010.0Adelaide Medical School and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Mehmet Gundogdu
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cInstitute of Molecular Cell and System Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- 0000 0001 0585 7044grid.412269.aDepartment of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia ,0000 0001 0943 7661grid.10939.32Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Genetic Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charles E. Schwartz
- 0000 0000 8571 0933grid.418307.9Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Lance Wells
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Gene Regulation and Expression and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ,0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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44
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Cho Y, Hwang H, Rahman MA, Chung C, Rhim H. Elevated O-GlcNAcylation induces an antidepressant-like phenotype and decreased inhibitory transmission in medial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6924. [PMID: 32332789 PMCID: PMC7181662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a devastating mental disorder affected by multiple factors that can have genetic, environmental, or metabolic causes. Although previous studies have reported an association of dysregulated glucose metabolism with depression, its underlying mechanism remains elusive at the molecular level. A small percentage of glucose is converted into uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which serves as an immediate donor for protein O-GlcNAc modification. O-GlcNAcylation is a particularly common post-translational modification (PTM) in the brain, and the functional significance of O-GlcNAcylation in neurodegenerative diseases has been extensively reported. However, whether the degree of O-GlcNAc modification is associated with depressive disorder has not been examined. In this study, we show that increased O-GlcNAcylation levels reduce inhibitory synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and that Oga+/− mice with chronically elevated O-GlcNAcylation levels exhibit an antidepressant-like phenotype. Moreover, we found that virus-mediated expression of OGA in the mPFC restored both antidepressant-like behavior and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Therefore, our results suggest that O-GlcNAc modification in the mPFC plays a significant role in regulating antidepressant-like behavior, highlighting that the modulation of O-GlcNAcylation levels in the brain may serve as a novel therapeutic candidate for antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Cho
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Muha V, Fenckova M, Ferenbach AT, Catinozzi M, Eidhof I, Storkebaum E, Schenck A, van Aalten DMF. O-GlcNAcase contributes to cognitive function in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8636-8646. [PMID: 32094227 PMCID: PMC7324509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant post-translational modification in neurons. In mice, an increase in O-GlcNAcylation leads to defects in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning. O-GlcNAcylation is established by two opposing enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). To investigate the role of OGA in elementary learning, we generated catalytically inactive and precise knockout Oga alleles (OgaD133N and OgaKO , respectively) in Drosophila melanogaster Adult OgaD133N and OgaKO flies lacking O-GlcNAcase activity showed locomotor phenotypes. Importantly, both Oga lines exhibited deficits in habituation, an evolutionarily conserved form of learning, highlighting that the requirement for O-GlcNAcase activity for cognitive function is preserved across species. Loss of O-GlcNAcase affected a number of synaptic boutons at the axon terminals of larval neuromuscular junction. Taken together, we report behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with Oga alleles and show that Oga contributes to cognition and synaptic morphology in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villo Muha
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom
| | - Marica Catinozzi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and the Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Eidhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Storkebaum
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and the Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom.
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46
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Lee HS. The interaction between gut microbiome and nutrients on development of human disease through epigenetic mechanisms. Genomics Inform 2019; 17:e24. [PMID: 31610620 PMCID: PMC6808642 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2019.17.3.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early environmental exposure is recognized as a key factor for long-term health based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. It considers that early-life nutrition is now being recognized as a major contributor that may permanently program change of organ structure and function toward the development of diseases, in which epigenetic mechanisms are involved. Recent researches indicate early-life environmental factors modulate the microbiome development and the microbiome might be mediate diet-epigenetic interaction. This review aims to define which nutrients involve microbiome development during the critical window of susceptibility to disease, and how microbiome modulation regulates epigenetic changes and influences human health and future prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Daegu Institute, National Forensic Service, Chilgok 39872, Korea
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47
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Blocked O-GlcNAc cycling disrupts mouse hematopoeitic stem cell maintenance and early T cell development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12569. [PMID: 31467334 PMCID: PMC6715813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) balance self-renewal and differentiation to produce the diversity and abundance of cell types that make up the blood system. How nutrients are recruited to support this massive differentiation and proliferation process remains largely unknown. The unique metabolism of adult HSCs, which rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, suggests a potential role for the post-translational modification O-GlcNAc as a critical nutrient signal in these cells. Glutamine, glucose, and other metabolites drive the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) ultimately leading to the O-GlcNAc modification of critical intracellular targets. Here, we used a conditional targeted genetic deletion of the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), to determine the consequences of blocked O-GlcNAc cycling on HSCs. Oga deletion in mouse HSCs resulted in greatly diminished progenitor pools, impaired stem cell self-renewal and nearly complete loss of competitive repopulation capacity. Further, early T cell specification was particularly sensitive to Oga deletion. Loss of Oga resulted in a doubling of apoptotic cells within the bone marrow and transcriptional deregulation of key genes involved in adult stem cell maintenance and lineage specification. These findings suggest that O-GlcNAc cycling plays a critical role in supporting HSC homeostasis and early thymocyte development.
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48
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Gu YX, Liang XX, Yin NY, Yang Y, Wan B, Guo LH, Faiola F. New insights into mechanism of bisphenol analogue neurotoxicity: implications of inhibition of O-GlcNAcase activity in PC12 cells. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2661-2671. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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49
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Ryan P, Xu M, Davey AK, Danon JJ, Mellick GD, Kassiou M, Rudrawar S. O-GlcNAc Modification Protects against Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2209-2221. [PMID: 30985105 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are becoming the focus of intense research due to their implications in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Various PTMs have been identified to alter the toxic profiles of proteins which play critical roles in disease etiology. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), dysregulated phosphorylation is reported to promote pathogenic processing of the microtubule-associated tau protein. Among the PTMs, the enzymatic addition of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues to Ser/Thr residues is reported to deliver protective effects against the pathogenic processing of both amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau. Modification of tau with as few as one single O-GlcNAc residue inhibits its toxic self-assembly. This modification also has the same effect on the assembly of the Parkinson's disease (PD) associated α-synuclein (ASyn) protein. In fact, O-GlcNAcylation ( O-linked GlcNAc modification) affects the processing of numerous proteins implicated in AD, PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD) in a similar manner. As such, manipulation of a protein's O-GlcNAcylation status has been proposed to offer therapeutic routes toward addressing multiple neurodegenerative pathologies. Here we review the various effects that O-GlcNAc modification, and its modulated expression, have on pathogenically significant proteins involved in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ryan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Mingming Xu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Davey
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | | | - George D. Mellick
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zachara NE. Critical observations that shaped our understanding of the function(s) of intracellular glycosylation (O-GlcNAc). FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3950-3975. [PMID: 30414174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the first descriptions of proteins conjugated to carbohydrates (mucins), several studies suggested that glycoproteins were not restricted to the serum, extracellular matrix, cell surface, or endomembrane system. In the 1980s, key data emerged demonstrating that intracellular proteins were modified by monosaccharides of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Subsequently, this modification was identified on thousands of proteins that regulate cellular processes as diverse as protein aggregation, localization, post-translational modifications, activity, and interactions. In this Review, we will highlight critical discoveries that shaped our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the impact of O-GlcNAc on protein function, the role that O-GlcNAc plays in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAc-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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