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Charrier A, Ockunzzi J, Main L, Ghanta SV, Buchner DA. Molecular regulation of PPARγ/RXRα signaling by the novel cofactor ZFP407. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294003. [PMID: 38781157 PMCID: PMC11115250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cofactors interacting with PPARγ can regulate adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism by modulating the transcriptional activity and selectivity of PPARγ signaling. ZFP407 was previously demonstrated to regulate PPARγ target genes such as GLUT4, and its overexpression improved glucose homeostasis in mice. Here, using a series of molecular assays, including protein-interaction studies, mutagenesis, and ChIP-seq, ZFP407 was found to interact with the PPARγ/RXRα protein complex in the nucleus of adipocytes. Consistent with this observation, ZFP407 ChIP-seq peaks significantly overlapped with PPARγ ChIP-seq peaks, with more than half of ZFP407 peaks overlapping with PPARγ peaks. Transcription factor binding motifs enriched in these overlapping sites included CTCF, RARα/RXRγ, TP73, and ELK1, which regulate cellular development and function within adipocytes. Site-directed mutagenesis of frequent PPARγ phosphorylation or SUMOylation sites did not prevent its regulation by ZFP407, while mutagenesis of ZFP407 domains potentially necessary for RXR and PPARγ binding abrogated any impact of ZFP407 on PPARγ activity. These data suggest that ZFP407 controls the activity of PPARγ, but does so independently of post-translational modifications, likely by direct binding, establishing ZFP407 as a newly identified PPARγ cofactor. In addition, ZFP407 ChIP-seq analyses identified regions that did not overlap with PPARγ peaks. These non-overlapping peaks were significantly enriched for the transcription factor binding motifs of TBX19, PAX8, HSF4, and ZKSCAN3, which may contribute to the PPARγ-independent functions of ZFP407 in adipocytes and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah Ockunzzi
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leighanne Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Siddharth V. Ghanta
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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2
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Fang Z, Shen G, Wang Y, Hong F, Tang X, Zeng Y, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Gao A, Qi W, Yang X, Zhou T, Gao G. Elevated Kallistatin promotes the occurrence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:66. [PMID: 38472195 PMCID: PMC10933339 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might cause irreversible hepatic damage. Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is the leading risk factor for NAFLD. This study aims to illuminate the causative contributor and potential mechanism of Kallistatin (KAL) mediating HLP to NAFLD. 221 healthy control and 253 HLP subjects, 62 healthy control and 44 NAFLD subjects were enrolled. The plasma KAL was significantly elevated in HLP subjects, especially in hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) subjects, and positively correlated with liver injury. Further, KAL levels of NAFLD patients were significantly up-regulated. KAL transgenic mice induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis with time and accelerated inflammation development in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. In contrast, KAL knockout ameliorated steatosis and inflammation in high-fructose diet (HFruD) and methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD rats. Mechanistically, KAL induced hepatic steatosis and NASH by down-regulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) by LRP6/Gɑs/PKA/GSK3β pathway through down-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and up-regulating kruppel-like factor four (KLF4), respectively. CGI-58 is bound to NF-κB p65 in the cytoplasm, and diminishing CGI-58 facilitated p65 nuclear translocation and TNFα induction. Meanwhile, hepatic CGI-58-overexpress reverses NASH in KAL transgenic mice. Further, free fatty acids up-regulated KAL against thyroid hormone in hepatocytes. Moreover, Fenofibrate, one triglyceride-lowering drug, could reverse hepatic steatosis by down-regulating KAL. These results demonstrate that elevated KAL plays a crucial role in the development of HLP to NAFLD and may be served as a potential preventive and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Physical Examination Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Anton Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Hu D, Hou M, Song P, Chen Q, Feng Y, Wu X, Ni Y. Dietary bile acids supplementation improves the growth performance and alleviates fatty liver in broilers fed a high-fat diet via improving the gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103270. [PMID: 38056054 PMCID: PMC10746564 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment aims to evaluate the effect of bile acids (BAs) in alleviating fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in broilers, and the modulation of the gut microbiota involved in this process. A total of 192 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) commercial male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with the following diet: a basal-fat diet (BFD), a basal-fat diet plus bile acids (BFD + BAs), an HFD, and a high-fat diet plus bile acids (HFD + BAs). Bile acids were supplemented at the early growth stage (3-7 d), middle stage (17-21 d), and late stage (31-35 d). Results showed that BAs treatment had a significant effect on body weight on 14 d and 35 d, and increased the breast muscle weight and its index, but decreased the liver weight and abdominal fat weight on 35 d (P < 0.05). The supplementation of BAs significantly improved the serum lipid profile and decreased the level of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) on 35 d (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs supplementation significantly alleviated the hepatic TG deposition induced by HFD (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of hepatic gene adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and apolipoprotein B (APOB) were greatly increased by BAs treatment. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the microbial diversity of the cecal digesta was increased by BAs in broilers with elevated abundances of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Anaerostipes, Sellimonas, and CHKCI002 and decreased abundances of Barnesiella and Akkermansia genus (P < 0.05). Hepatic TG content was positively correlated with the abundance of Oscillospiraceae, but it was negatively correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillus in cecal digesta (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary BAs can improve growth performance and alleviate fatty liver disease induced by an HFD via modulating gut microbiota in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Manman Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pin Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuyan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Li Y, Pan Y, Zhao X, Wu S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhou H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A key link between lipid metabolism and cancer progression. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:332-345. [PMID: 38142478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent the essential components of membranes, serve as fuels for high-energy processes, and play crucial roles in signaling and cellular function. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially abnormal lipid metabolism. Alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells all contribute to cell survival in a changing microenvironment by regulating feedforward oncogenic signals, key oncogenic functions, oxidative and other stresses, immune responses, or intercellular communication. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors activated by fatty acids and act as core lipid sensors involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and cell fate. In addition to regulating whole-body energy homeostasis in physiological states, PPARs play a key role in lipid metabolism in cancer, which is receiving increasing research attention, especially the fundamental molecular mechanisms and cancer therapies targeting PPARs. In this review, we discuss how cancer cells alter metabolic patterns and regulate lipid metabolism to promote their own survival and progression through PPARs. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PPARs in cancer based on recent studies from the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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5
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Sarkar D, Chowdhury S, Goon S, Sen A, Dastidar UG, Mondal MA, Chakrabarti P, Talukdar A. Discovery and Development of Quinazolinones and Quinazolinediones for Ameliorating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Modulating COP1-ATGL Axis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16728-16761. [PMID: 38100045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase, Constitutive Photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) regulates turnover of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting lipolytic enzyme. Genetic perturbation in the COP1-ATGL axis disrupts lipid homeostasis, leading to liver steatosis. Using drug development strategies, we herein report quinazolinone and quinazolinedione based modulators for COP1-ATGL axis. Systematic SAR studies and subsequent optimization were performed by incorporating relevant functional groups at the N1, N3, C5, and C6 positions of both scaffolds. Compounds' efficacy was evaluated by multiple biological assays and ADME profiling. The lead compound 86 could increase ATGL protein expression, reduce ATGL ubiquitination and COP1 autoubiquitination, and diminish lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in the nanomolar range. Oral administration of 86 abrogated triglyceride accumulation and resolved fibrosis in preclinical Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) model. The study thus establishes quinazolinedione as a viable chemotype to therapeutically modulate the activity of COP1 and ATGL in relevant clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Sarkar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Saheli Chowdhury
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunny Goon
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Sen
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Uddipta Ghosh Dastidar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohabul Alam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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6
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Wang R, Ganbold M, Ferdousi F, Tominaga K, Isoda H. A Rare Olive Compound Oleacein Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammatory Functions: A Comprehensive Whole-Genome Transcriptomics Analysis in Adipocytes Differentiated from Healthy and Diabetic Adipose Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10419. [PMID: 37445596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleacein (OLE), a rare natural compound found in unfiltered extra virgin olive oil, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which OLE influences metabolic processes linked to disease targets, particularly in the context of lipid metabolism. In the present study, we conducted whole-genome DNA microarray analyses in adipocytes differentiated from human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and diabetic hASCs (d-hASCs) to examine the effects of OLE on modulating metabolic pathways. We found that OLE significantly inhibited lipid formation in adipocytes differentiated from both sources. In addition, microarray analysis demonstrated that OLE treatment could significantly downregulate lipid-metabolism-related genes and modulate glucose metabolism in both adipocyte groups. Transcription factor enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses identified potential regulatory gene targets. We also found that OLE treatment enhanced the anti-inflammatory properties in adipocytes. Our study findings suggest that OLE exhibits potential benefits in improving lipid and glucose metabolism, thus holding promise for its application in the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Munkhzul Ganbold
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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7
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Grajchen E, Loix M, Baeten P, Côrte-Real BF, Hamad I, Vanherle S, Haidar M, Dehairs J, Broos JY, Ntambi JM, Zimmermann R, Breinbauer R, Stinissen P, Hellings N, Verberk SGS, Kooij G, Giera M, Swinnen JV, Broux B, Kleinewietfeld M, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Fatty acid desaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:666-679. [PMID: 37041314 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pathogenic and protective T cell subsets is a cardinal feature of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging evidence indicates that endogenous and dietary-induced changes in fatty acid metabolism have a major impact on both T cell fate and autoimmunity. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of fatty acid metabolism on T cell physiology and autoimmunity remain poorly understood. Here, we report that stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme essential for the desaturation of fatty acids and highly regulated by dietary factors, acts as an endogenous brake on regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation and augments autoimmunity in an animal model of MS in a T cell-dependent manner. Guided by RNA sequencing and lipidomics analysis, we found that the absence of Scd1 in T cells promotes the hydrolysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine through adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). ATGL-dependent release of docosahexaenoic acid enhanced Treg differentiation by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Our findings identify fatty acid desaturation by SCD1 as an essential determinant of Treg differentiation and autoimmunity, with potentially broad implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and dietary interventions for autoimmune disorders such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Grajchen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Beatriz F Côrte-Real
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Y Broos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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8
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Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chen S, Wang W, Zhao X, Zhen M, Huang X. N-end Rule-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of ATGL Promotes Lipid Storage. Diabetes 2023; 72:210-222. [PMID: 36346641 PMCID: PMC9871197 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular lipid storage is regulated by the balance of lipogenesis and lipolysis. The rate-limiting triglyceride hydrolase ATGL (desnutrin/PNPLA2) is critical for lipolysis. The control of ATGL transcription, localization, and activation has been intensively studied, while regulation of the protein stability of ATGL is much less explored. In this study, we showed that the protein stability of ATGL is regulated by the N-end rule in cultured cells and in mice. The N-end rule E3 ligases UBR1 and UBR2 reduce the level of ATGL and affect lipid storage. The N-end rule-resistant ATGL(F2A) mutant, in which the N-terminal phenylalanine (F) of ATGL is substituted by alanine (A), has increased protein stability and enhanced lipolysis activity. ATGLF2A/F2A knock-in mice are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Hepatic knockdown of Ubr1 attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by enhancing the ATGL level. Finally, the protein levels of UBR1 and ATGL are negatively correlated in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Our study reveals N-end rule-mediated proteasomal regulation of ATGL, a finding that may potentially be beneficial for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Jiesi Xu, , and Xun Huang,
| | - Zhenglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld–Tanebaum Research Institute, Departments of Molecular Genetics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Jiesi Xu, , and Xun Huang,
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9
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KLF7 promotes preadipocyte proliferation via activation of the Akt signaling pathway by Cis-regulating CDKN3. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1486-1496. [PMID: 36269137 PMCID: PMC9827951 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factor 7 (KLF7) promotes preadipocyte proliferation; however, its target gene in this process has not yet been identified. Using KLF7 ChIP-seq analysis, we previously showed that a KLF7-binding peak is present upstream of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 gene ( CDKN3) in chicken preadipocytes. In the present study, we identify CDKN3 as a target gene of KLF7 that mediates the effects of KLF7 on preadipocyte proliferation. Furthermore, 5'-truncating mutation analysis shows that the minimal promoter is located between nt -160 and nt -7 (relative to the translation initiation codon ATG) of CDKN3. KLF7 overexpression increases CDKN3 promoter activity in the DF-1 and immortalized chicken preadipocyte (ICP1) cell lines. Deletion of the putative binding site of KLF7 abolishes the promotive effect of KLF7 overexpression on CDKN3 promoter activity. Moreover, CDKN3 knockdown and overexpression assays reveal that CDKN3 enhances ICP1 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis shows that CDKN3 accelerates the G1/S transition. Furthermore, we find that KLF7 promotes ICP1 cell proliferation via Akt phosphorylation by regulating CDKN3. Taken together, our results suggest that KLF7 promotes preadipocyte proliferation by activating the Akt signaling pathway by cis-regulating CDKN3, thus driving the G1/S transition.
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10
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Du K, Chen GH, Bai X, Chen L, Hu SQ, Li YH, Wang GZ, He JW, Lai SJ. Dynamics of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility revealed sequential regulation of potential transcription factors during the brown adipose tissue whitening in rabbits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:981661. [PMID: 36225319 PMCID: PMC9548568 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.981661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) represents a valuable target for treating obesity in humans. BAT losses of thermogenic capacity and gains a “white adipose tissue-like (WAT-like)” phenotype (BAT whitening) under thermoneutral environments, which could lead to potential low therapy responsiveness in BAT-based obesity treatments. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of BAT whitening remain largely unknown. In this study, BATs were collected from rabbits at day0 (D0), D15, D85, and 2 years (Y2). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were performed to investigate transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of BATs at the four whitening stages, respectively. Our data showed that many genes and chromatin accessible regions (refer to as “peaks”) were identified as significantly changed during BAT whitening in rabbits. The BAT-selective genes downregulated while WAT-selective genes upregulated from D0 to Y2, and the de novo lipogenesis-related genes reached the highest expression levels at D85. Both the highly expressed genes and accessible regions in Y2 were significantly enriched in immune response-related signal pathways. Analysis of different relationships between peaks and their nearby genes found an increased proportion of the synchronous changes between chromatin accessibility and gene expression during BAT whitening. The synergistic changes between the chromatin accessibility of promoter and the gene expression were found in the key adipose genes. The upregulated genes which contained increased peaks were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, TGF-beta signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Moreover, the footprinting analysis suggested that sequential regulation of potential transcription factors (TFs) mediated the loss of thermogenic phenotype and the gain of a WAT-like phenotype of BAT. In conclusion, our study provided the transcriptional and epigenetic frameworks for understanding BAT whitening in rabbits for the first time and might facilitate potential insights into BAT-based obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-He Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shen-Qiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Ze Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing-Wei He
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Song-Jia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Song-Jia Lai,
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11
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Inhibition of the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase-hydrogen sulfide system promotes cellular lipid accumulation. GeroScience 2022; 44:2271-2289. [PMID: 35680713 PMCID: PMC9616987 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S is generated in the adipose tissue by cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). H2S plays multiple roles in the regulation of various metabolic processes, including insulin resistance. H2S biosynthesis also occurs in adipocytes. Aging is known to be associated with a decline in H2S. Therefore, the question arises whether endogenous H2S deficiency may affect the process of adipocyte maturation and lipid accumulation. Among the three H2S-generating enzymes, the role of 3-MST is the least understood in adipocytes. Here we tested the effect of the 3-MST inhibitor 2-[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-one (HMPSNE) and the H2S donor (GYY4137) on the differentiation and adipogenesis of the adipocyte-like cells 3T3-L1 in vitro. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into mature adipocytes in the presence of GYY4137 or HMPSNE. HMPSNE significantly enhanced lipid accumulation into the maturing adipocytes. On the other hand, suppressed lipid accumulation was observed in cells treated with the H2S donor. 3-MST inhibition increased, while H2S donation suppressed the expression of various H2S-producing enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. 3-MST knockdown also facilitated adipocytic differentiation and lipid uptake. The underlying mechanisms may involve impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation as well as the activation of various differentiation-associated transcription factors. Thus, the 3-MST/H2S system plays a tonic role in suppressing lipid accumulation and limiting the differentiation of adipocytes. Stimulation of 3-MST activity or supplementation of H2S—which has been recently linked to various experimental therapeutic approaches during aging—may be a potential experimental approach to counteract adipogenesis.
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12
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Lou W, Zhang MD, Chen Q, Bai TY, Hu YX, Gao F, Li J, Lv XL, Zhang Q, Chang FH. Molecular mechanism of benzo [a] pyrene regulating lipid metabolism via aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:13. [PMID: 35057794 PMCID: PMC8772151 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), a potent carcinogen, has been proved that it has toxicological effects via activation the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. AhR can participate in regulating lipogenesis and lipolysis. This topic will verify whether BaP regulates lipid metabolism via AhR. Methods (1) C57BL/6 mice were gavaged with BaP for 12 weeks to detect serum lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Morphological changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) were detected by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related factors included recombinant human CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and inflammatory factors included nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected using PCR. (2) Neutral lipid content changes in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes treated with BaP with and w/o AhR inhibitor were detected by Oil red staining. The protein expression levels of adipogenesis- and decomposition-related factors included PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were detected using western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected using PCR. Results (1) BaP inhibited body weight gain, decreased lipid content, increased lipid levels, and decreased glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in mice; (2) BaP reduced the expressions of C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, PGC-1α, and PPARα and increased the expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1, and TNF-α by activating AhR. Conclusion BaP inhibit fat synthesis and oxidation while inducing inflammation by activating AhR, leading to WAT dysfunction and causing metabolic complications.
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13
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Adipose Triglyceride Lipase in Hepatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010057. [PMID: 35053204 PMCID: PMC8773762 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is extremely active in oxidizing triglycerides (TG) for energy production. An imbalance between TG synthesis and hydrolysis leads to metabolic disorders in the liver, including excessive lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and ultimately liver damage. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of TG breakdown to glycerol and fatty acids. Although its role in controlling lipid homeostasis has been relatively well-studied in the adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle, it remains largely unknown how and to what extent ATGL is regulated in the liver, responds to stimuli and regulators, and mediates disease progression. Therefore, in this review, we describe the current understanding of the structure–function relationship of ATGL, the molecular mechanisms of ATGL regulation at translational and post-translational levels, and—most importantly—its role in lipid and glucose homeostasis in health and disease with a focus on the liver. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic lipid accumulation are crucial to the development of targeted therapies for treating hepatic metabolic disorders.
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14
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Wang Z, Chai C, Wang R, Feng Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Single-cell transcriptome atlas of human mesenchymal stem cells exploring cellular heterogeneity. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e650. [PMID: 34965030 PMCID: PMC8715893 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is poorly understood, thus limiting clinical application and basic research reproducibility. Advanced single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a robust tool used to analyse for dissecting cellular heterogeneity. However, the comprehensive single-cell atlas for human MSCs has not been achieved. METHODS This study used massive parallel multiplexing scRNA-seq to construct an atlas of > 130 000 single-MSC transcriptomes across multiple tissues and donors to assess their heterogeneity. The most widely clinically utilised tissue resources for MSCs were collected, including normal bone marrow (n = 3), adipose (n = 3), umbilical cord (n = 2), and dermis (n = 3). RESULTS Seven tissue-specific and five conserved MSC subpopulations with distinct gene-expression signatures were identified from multiple tissue origins based on the high-quality data, which has not been achieved previously. This study showed that extracellular matrix (ECM) highly contributes to MSC heterogeneity. Notably, tissue-specific MSC subpopulations were substantially heterogeneous on ECM-associated immune regulation, antigen processing/presentation, and senescence, thus promoting inter-donor and intra-tissue heterogeneity. The variable dynamics of ECM-associated genes had discrete trajectory patterns across multiple tissues. Additionally, the conserved and tissue-specific transcriptomic-regulons and protein-protein interactions were identified, potentially representing common or tissue-specific MSC functional roles. Furthermore, the umbilical-cord-specific subpopulation possessed advantages in immunosuppressive properties. CONCLUSION In summary, this work provides timely and great insights into MSC heterogeneity at multiple levels. This MSC atlas taxonomy also provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity, thus revealing the potential improvements in MSC-based therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chengyan Chai
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yimei Feng
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Urologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xia Xiao
- Time Plastic Surgery HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Shijie Yang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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15
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Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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16
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Dixon ED, Nardo AD, Claudel T, Trauner M. The Role of Lipid Sensing Nuclear Receptors (PPARs and LXR) and Metabolic Lipases in Obesity, Diabetes and NAFLD. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050645. [PMID: 33926085 PMCID: PMC8145571 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders characterized by metabolic inflexibility with multiple pathological organ manifestations, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors with a multifaceted role in controlling many metabolic activities, such as regulation of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and modulation of inflammatory genes. The activity of nuclear receptors is key in maintaining metabolic flexibility. Their activity depends on the availability of endogenous ligands, like fatty acids or oxysterols, and their derivatives produced by the catabolic action of metabolic lipases, most of which are under the control of nuclear receptors. For example, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and conversely releases fatty acids as ligands for PPARα, therefore, demonstrating the interdependency of nuclear receptors and lipases. The diverse biological functions and importance of nuclear receptors in metabolic syndrome and NAFLD has led to substantial effort to target them therapeutically. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of lipases and selected nuclear receptors, PPARs, and liver X receptor (LXR) in obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Trauner
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-140-4004-7410; Fax: +43-14-0400-4735
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17
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Charrier A, Xu X, Guan BJ, Ngo J, Wynshaw-Boris A, Hatzoglou M, Buchner DA. Adipocyte-specific deletion of zinc finger protein 407 results in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111109. [PMID: 33285243 PMCID: PMC7813145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ deficiency in humans and model organisms impairs the transcriptional control of adipogenesis and mature adipocyte function resulting in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Zinc finger protein 407 (ZFP407) positively regulates PPARγ target gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cultured adipocytes. The in vivo physiological role of ZFP407 in mature adipocytes, however, remains to be elucidated. Here we generated adipocyte-specific ZFP407 knockout (AZKO) mice and discovered a partial lipodystrophic phenotype with reduced fat mass, hypertrophic adipocytes in inguinal and brown adipose tissue, and reduced adipogenic gene expression. The lipodystrophy was further exacerbated in AZKO mice fed a high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed decreased insulin sensitivity in AZKO mice compared to control littermates. Cell-based assays demonstrated that ZFP407 is also required for adipogenesis, which may also contribute to the lipodystrophic phenotype. These results demonstrate an essential in vivo role of ZFP407 in brown and white adipose tissue formation and organismal insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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18
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Cui T, Huang J, Sun Y, Ning B, Mu F, You X, Guo Y, Li H, Wang N. KLF2 Inhibits Chicken Preadipocyte Differentiation at Least in Part via Directly Repressing PPARγ Transcript Variant 1 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627102. [PMID: 33634127 PMCID: PMC7901985 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is the master regulatory factor of preadipocyte differentiation. As a result of alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage, PPARγ gene generates multiple transcript variants encoding two protein isoforms. Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) plays a negative role in preadipocyte differentiation. However, its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that KLF2 inhibited the P1 promoter activity of the chicken PPARγ gene. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the P1 promoter harbored a conserved putative KLF2 binding site, and mutation analysis showed that the KLF2 binding site was required for the KLF2-mediated transcription inhibition of the P1 promoter. ChIP, EMSA, and reporter gene assays showed that KLF2 could directly bind to the P1 promoter regardless of methylation status and reduced the P1 promoter activity. Consistently, histone modification analysis showed that H3K9me2 was enriched and H3K27ac was depleted in the P1 promoter upon KLF2 overexpression in ICP1 cells. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that KLF2 overexpression reduced the endogenous expression of PPARγ transcript variant 1 (PPARγ1), which is driven by the P1 promoter, in DF1 and ICP1 cells, and that the inhibition of ICP1 cell differentiation by KLF2 overexpression was accompanied by the downregulation of PPARγ1 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that KLF2 inhibits chicken preadipocyte differentiation at least inpart via direct downregulation of PPARγ1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yingning Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Bolin Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xin You
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yaqi Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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19
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González-Ramos S, Paz-García M, Fernández-García V, Portune KJ, Acosta-Medina EF, Sanz Y, Castrillo A, Martín-Sanz P, Obregon MJ, Boscá L. NOD1 deficiency promotes an imbalance of thyroid hormones and microbiota homeostasis in mice fed high fat diet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12317. [PMID: 32704052 PMCID: PMC7378078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein NOD1 to obesity has been investigated in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Absence of NOD1 accelerates obesity as early as 2 weeks after feeding a HFD. The obesity was due to increases in abdominal and inguinal adipose tissues. Analysis of the resting energy expenditure showed an impaired function in NOD1-deficient animals, compatible with an alteration in thyroid hormone homeostasis. Interestingly, free thyroidal T4 increased in NOD1-deficient mice fed a HFD and the expression levels of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue were significantly lower in NOD1-deficient mice than in the wild type animals eating a HFD, thus contributing to the observed adiposity in NOD1-deficient mice. Feeding a HFD resulted in an alteration of the proinflammatory profile of these animals, with an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver and in the white adipose tissue, and an elevation of the circulating levels of TNF-α. In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota in NOD1-deficient mice correlate with increased vulnerability of their ecosystem to the HFD challenge and affect the immune-metabolic phenotype of obese mice. Together, the data are compatible with a protective function of NOD1 against low-grade inflammation and obesity under nutritional conditions enriched in saturated lipids. Moreover, one of the key players of this early obesity onset is a dysregulation in the metabolism and release of thyroid hormones leading to reduced energy expenditure, which represents a new role for these hormones in the metabolic actions controlled by NOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), y Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Paz-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin J Portune
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina. (Unidad Asociada al CSIC). Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) and Universidad de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), y Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina. (Unidad Asociada al CSIC). Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) and Universidad de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Obregon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), y Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Biomedicina. (Unidad Asociada al CSIC). Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) and Universidad de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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20
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Echiburú B, Milagro F, Crisosto N, Pérez-Bravo F, Flores C, Arpón A, Salas-Pérez F, Recabarren SE, Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M. DNA methylation in promoter regions of genes involved in the reproductive and metabolic function of children born to women with PCOS. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1178-1194. [PMID: 32283997 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1754674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidences indicate that epigenetic modifications induced by the prenatal environment are related to metabolic and reproductive derangements in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Alterations in the leptin and adiponectin systems, androgen signalling and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels have been observed in PCOS women and in their offspring. Using a targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we studied DNA methylation in promoter regions of the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), AMH and androgen receptor (AR) genes in 24 sons and daughters of women with PCOS (12 treated with metformin during pregnancy) and 24 children born to non-PCOS women during early infancy (2-3 months of age). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, bisulphite converted and sequenced by NGS. Girls showed differences between groups in 1 CpG site of LEPR, 2 of LEP, 1 of ADIPOR2 and 2 of AR. Boys showed differences in 5 CpG sites of LEP, 3 of AMH and 9 of AR. Maternal metformin treatment prevented some of these changes in LEP, ADIPOR2 and partially in AR in girls, and in LEP and AMH in boys. Maternal BMI at early pregnancy was inversely correlated with the methylation levels of the ChrX-67544981 site in the whole group of girls (r = -0.530, p = 0.008) and with the global Z-score in all boys (r = -0.539, p = 0.007). These data indicate that the intrauterine PCOS environment predisposes the offspring to acquire certain sex-dependent DNA methylation patterns in the promoter regions of metabolic and reproductive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Unit of Endocrinology, Clínica Las , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Flores
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Arpón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisca Salas-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio E Recabarren
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion , Chillán, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
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21
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Gu C, Yang H, Chang K, Zhang B, Xie F, Ye J, Chang R, Qiu X, Wang Y, Qu Y, Wang J, Li M. Melatonin alleviates progression of uterine endometrial cancer by suppressing estrogen/ubiquitin C/SDHB-mediated succinate accumulation. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:34-47. [PMID: 32061949 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is an important intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Recently discovered roles of succinate demonstrate its involvement in immunity and cancer biology; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of its involvement in these additional roles remain to be determined. In the present study, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) B was decreased in uterine endometrial cancer cells (UECC) under negative regulation of estrogen. This decrease was the result of lower expression levels of ubiquitin C (UBC), which was associated with the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and specificity protein 1. The decreased levels of SDHB resulted in the accumulation of succinate in UECC, and thus, a decrease in the production of fumaric acid. Succinate downregulated voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) levels by activating serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 and promoted the growth of UECC in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with melatonin restricted estrogen/UBC/SDHB-induced succinate accumulation and upregulated expression of KCNQ1 and reduced the succinate-mediated growth of UECC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of melatonin receptor 1B amplified the inhibitory effects of melatonin on succinate-mediated UECC growth. Together, the data in the present study suggest that melatonin suppresses UECC progression by inhibiting estrogen/UBC/SDHB-induced succinate accumulation. The present study provides a scientific basis for potential therapeutic strategies and targets in UEC, particularly for patients with abnormally low levels of SDHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Gu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Chang
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Clinical Epidemiology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Chang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Qu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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22
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8-OxoG in GC-rich Sp1 binding sites enhances gene transcription in adipose tissue of juvenile mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15618. [PMID: 31666587 PMCID: PMC6821754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of guanine to 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is the most common type of oxidative DNA lesion. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that 8-oxoG is not only pre-mutagenic, but also plays an essential role in modulating gene expression along with its cognate repair proteins. In this study, we investigated the relationship between 8-oxoG formed under intrinsic oxidative stress conditions and gene expression in adipose and lung tissues of juvenile mice. We observed that transcriptional activity and the number of active genes were significantly correlated with the distribution of 8-oxoG in gene promoter regions, as determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (RP-LC/MS), and 8-oxoG and RNA sequencing. Gene regulation by 8-oxoG was not associated with the degree of 8-oxoG formation. Instead, genes with GC-rich transcription factor binding sites in their promoters became more active with increasing 8-oxoG abundance as also demonstrated by specificity protein 1 (Sp1)- and estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase assays in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. These results indicate that the occurrence of 8-oxoG in GC-rich Sp1 binding sites is important for gene regulation during adipose tissue development.
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23
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Song Y, Li X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Yang R. Arctigenin improves lipid metabolism by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase and downstream signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13275-13288. [PMID: 30891825 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that arctigenin (ARG) can reduce the body weight and inhibit adipogenic differentiation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the exact signals responsible for the ARG-mediated antiobesity mechanism through AMPK are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the potential improvement of AGR on lipid metabolism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia rats and 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. The levels of AMPK and its downstream factors were examined by Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed that ARG lowered the HFD-induced body weight and the levels of serum lipid. Moreover, ARG clearly alleviated fat deposition in the liver and reduced epididymal fat accumulation. ARG also suppressed lipogenesis and lipolysis but promoted fatty acid β-oxidation in adipocytes. Most importantly, ARG increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and upregulated the messenger RNA levels of downstream genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 but downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c) and their targets, including lipogenesis-related genes such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, lipoprotein lipase, adipocyte protein 2, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), as well as lipolysis-related genes such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. The activity of FAS was also decreased by ARG. We conclude that AMPK activation is important for the pharmacological effects of ARG. ARG may improve lipid metabolism by regulating the AMPK-ACC and AMPK-PPARγ/SREBP1c signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Song
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Hu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiyi Yang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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24
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Cui T, Xing T, Huang J, Mu F, Jin Y, You X, Chu Y, Li H, Wang N. Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Negatively Regulates the P1 Promoter of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene and Inhibits Chicken Adipogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1823. [PMID: 30618832 PMCID: PMC6305991 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipogenesis, and alterations in its function are associated with various pathological processes related to metabolic syndrome. Recently, we found that the chicken PPARγ gene is regulated by three alternative promoters (P1, P2 and P3), producing five different transcript isoforms and two protein isoforms. In this study, the P1 promoter structure was characterized. Bioinformatics identified six putative nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) binding sites in the P1 promoter, and a reporter assay showed that NRF1 inhibited the activity of the P1 promoter. Of the six putative NRF1 binding sites, individual mutations of three of them abolished the inhibitory effect of NRF1 on P1 promoter activity. Furthermore, a ChIP assay indicated that NRF1 directly bound to the P1 promoter, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that NRF1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with PPARγ1 expression (Pearson’s r = -0.148, p = 0.033). Further study showed that NRF1 overexpression inhibited the differentiation of the immortalized chicken preadipocyte cell line (ICP1), which was accompanied by reduced PPARγ1 mRNA expression. Taken together, our findings indicated that NRF1 directly negatively regulates the P1 promoter of the chicken PPARγ gene and inhibits adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Animal Science of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, China
| | - Tianyu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanfei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin You
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yankai Chu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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25
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Of mice and men: The physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:880-899. [PMID: 30367950 PMCID: PMC6439276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been discovered 14 years ago and revised our view on intracellular triglyceride (TG) mobilization – a process termed lipolysis. ATGL initiates the hydrolysis of TGs to release fatty acids (FAs) that are crucial energy substrates, precursors for the synthesis of membrane lipids, and ligands of nuclear receptors. Thus, ATGL is a key enzyme in whole-body energy homeostasis. In this review, we give an update on how ATGL is regulated on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level and how this affects the enzymes' activity in the context of neutral lipid catabolism. In depth, we highlight and discuss the numerous physiological functions of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism. Over more than a decade, different genetic mouse models lacking or overexpressing ATGL in a cell- or tissue-specific manner have been generated and characterized. Moreover, pharmacological studies became available due to the development of a specific murine ATGL inhibitor (Atglistatin®). The identification of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL and their disease spectrum has underpinned the importance of ATGL in humans. Together, mouse models and human data have advanced our understanding of the physiological role of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism in adipose and non-adipose tissues, and of the pathophysiological consequences of ATGL dysfunction in mice and men. Summary of mouse models with genetic or pharmacological manipulation of ATGL. Summary of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL. In depth discussion of the role of ATGL in numerous physiological processes in mice and men.
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26
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Chang SH, Yun UJ, Choi JH, Kim S, Lee AR, Lee DH, Seo MJ, Panic V, Villanueva CJ, Song NJ, Park KW. Identification of Phf16 and Pnpla3 as new adipogenic factors regulated by phytochemicals. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3599-3610. [PMID: 30272815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is controlled by multiple signaling pathways. To identify new adipogenic factors, C3H10T1/2 adipocytes were treated with previously known antiadipogenic phytochemicals (resveratrol, butein, sulfuretin, and fisetin) for 24 hours. Commonly regulated genes were then identified by transcriptional profiling analysis. Three genes (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 [ Cxcl1], heme oxygenase 1 [ Hmox1], and PHD (plant homeo domain) finger protein 16 [ Phf16]) were upregulated while two genes (G0/G1 switch gene 2 [ G0s2] and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 [ Pnpla3]) were downregulated by these four antiadipogenic compounds. Tissue expression profiles showed that the G0s2 and Pnpla3 expressions were highly specific to adipose depots while the other three induced genes were ubiquitously expressed with significantly higher expression in adipose tissues. While Cxcl1 expression was decreased, expressions of the other four genes were significantly increased during adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown including Phf16 and Pnpla3 indicated that these genes might play regulatory roles in lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Specifically, the silencing of two newly identified adipogenic genes, Phf16 or Pnpla3, suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte markers in both 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Taken together, these data showed previously uncovered roles of Phf16 and Pnpla3 in adipogenesis, highlighting the potential of using phytochemicals for further investigation of adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - A Reum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Vanja Panic
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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