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Álvarez D, Ortiz M, Valdebenito G, Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Maliqueo M. Effects of a High-Fat Diet and Docosahexaenoic Acid during Pregnancy on Fatty Acid Composition in the Fetal Livers of Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4696. [PMID: 37960348 PMCID: PMC10649644 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy promotes fat accumulation and reduces docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the liver of the offspring at postnatal ages, which can depend on fetal sex. However, the prenatal mechanisms behind these associations are still unclear. Thus, we analyzed if an HFD alters DHA content and the expression of molecules related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the fetal liver. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet or HFD for 4-6 weeks before pregnancy until the gestational day (GD) 17.5. A subgroup of each diet received DHA (100 mg/Kg) orally from GD 6.5 until 16.5. On GD 17.5, maternal livers, placentas, and livers from male and female fetuses were collected for FA profiling with gas-chromatography and gene expression of molecules related to FA metabolism using qPCR. PPAR-α protein expression was evaluated using Western blot. The gene expression of placental FA transporters was also assessed. An HFD increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decreased DHA levels and protein expression of PPAR-α in the fetal livers of both sexes. DHA increased the gene expression of Ppara, Cpt1, and Acsl1 in the livers of female fetuses. Therefore, an HFD reduces DHA levels and PPAR-α, a master regulator of gene expression, in the fetal liver. In turn, the livers of female fetuses seem to be more sensitive to DHA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Gabriel Valdebenito
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
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Ortiz M, Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Crisosto N, Valenzuela R, Maliqueo M. Linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids and their potential relationship with inflammation, pregnancy, and fetal development. Curr Med Chem 2023:CMC-EPUB-132789. [PMID: 37415369 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230706161144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy maternal diet must consider an appropriate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) precursors to ensure adequate growth and development of the fetus. In this regard, n-6 PUFAs, predominantly linoleic (C18:2 n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), have a central role in the development of the central nervous system because they are part of the membrane structure and participate in the metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Nevertheless, they can also be transformed into inflammatory metabolites promoting the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In modern westernized societies, there is a high dietary consumption of foods rich in n-6 PUFAs which could have detrimental consequences for the fetus and neonate due to excessive exposure to these fatty acids (FAs). OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence of maternal, placental, and fetal alterations that an excessive intake of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), LA, and AA), could produce during pregnancy. METHODS A thorough review of the literature regarding the effects of n-6 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation including in vivo and in vitro models, was carried out using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health. RESULTS An elevated intake of n-6 PUFA, specifically LA, during pregnancy influences children's motor, cognitive, and verbal development during infancy and early childhood. Similarly, they could harm the placenta and the development of other fetal organs such as the fat tissue, liver, and cardiovascular system. CONCLUSION Maternal diet, specifically LA intake, could have significant repercussions on fetal development and long-term consequences in the offspring, including the possibility of future metabolic and mental diseases. It would be necessary to focus on the prevention of these alterations through timely dietary interventions in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Ortiz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ortiz M, Sánchez F, Álvarez D, Flores C, Salas-Pérez F, Valenzuela R, Cantin C, Leiva A, Crisosto N, Maliqueo M. Association between maternal obesity, essential fatty acids and biomarkers of fetal liver function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 190:102541. [PMID: 36736061 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity and the imbalance in linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) levels are related with hepatic disturbances in the offspring. However, whether these alterations are present during fetal life is not well understood. Obese and normal weight pregnant women were recruited to determine fatty acids (FAs) consumption, FAs profile (in maternal erythrocytes, placenta and neonatal very low-density lipoproteins VLDL) and biomarkers of fetal liver function, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin, in umbilical cord blood. Stearic acid (C18:0, ST) was lower, and total n-3 FAs tended to be lower in umbilical cord VLDLs of obese women compared to controls. Independently of maternal obesity, GGT levels in umbilical cord blood was positively correlated with the LA content and negatively correlated with the ALA content in maternal erythrocytes. We conclude that maternal obesity and its imbalance of LA and ALA are associated with changes in biomarkers of fetal liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Ortiz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Sánchez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Flores
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudette Cantin
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Fornes R, Simin J, Nguyen MH, Cruz G, Crisosto N, van der Schaaf M, Engstrand L, Brusselaers N. Pregnancy, perinatal and childhood outcomes in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:30. [PMID: 35130922 PMCID: PMC8819934 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women in reproductive age and represents an unfavourable risk factor for several pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Despite, no guidelines or pharmaceutical strategies for treating PCOS during pregnancy are available. The aim of this study is to determine the association between polycystic ovary syndrome with or without metformin and the pregnancy, perinatal outcomes as well as the risk of obesity in children born to these mothers. METHODS In this nationwide population-based cohort study based in Swedish population, all singleton births (n = 1,016,805) from 686,847 women since 2006 up to 2016 were included. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression modelling with odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals were used to study the association between the exposure of maternal PCOS, metformin during pregnancy (or the combination of both) and: 1) Pregnancy outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, caesarean section, and acute caesarean section, 2) Perinatal outcomes: preterm birth, stillbirth, low birth weight, macrosomia, Apgar < 7 at 5 min, small for gestational age and large for gestational age, and 3) Childhood Obesity. RESULTS PCOS in women without metformin use during pregnancy was associated with higher risks of preeclampsia (OR = 1.09, 1.02-1.17), gestational diabetes (OR = 1.71, 1.53-1.91) and caesarean section (OR = 1.08, 1.04-1.12), preterm birth (OR = 1.30, 1.23-1.38), low birth weight (OR = 1.29, 1.20-1.38), low Apgar scores (OR = 1.17, 1.05-1.31) and large for gestational age (OR = 1.11, 1.03-1.20). Metformin use during pregnancy (in women without PCOS) was associated with a 29% lower risks of preeclampsia (OR = 0.71, 0.51-0.97), macrosomia and large for gestational age. Obesity was more common among children born to mothers with PCOS without metformin (HR = 1.61, 1.44-1.81); and those with metformin without PCOS (HR = 1.67, 1.05-2.65). PCOS with metformin was not associated with any adverse outcome. CONCLUSION PCOS was associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and childhood obesity. Metformin appears to reduce these risks in mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome and their children; but may increase the risk of childhood-obesity in children form women without PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Fornes
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Simin
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minh Hanh Nguyen
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Endocrinology Unit, Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes, Chile
| | | | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Global Health Institute, Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Bartram C, Braine T, Burns E, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Korandla H, Leum G, Mohapatra P, Nitta T, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Clarke J, Siddiqi I, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Awida MH, Chou AS, Hollister M, Knirck S, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Gleason JR, Hipp AT, Jois S, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Lentz E, Khatiwada R, Carosi G, Robertson N, Woollett N, Duffy LD, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Buckley JH, Gaikwad C, Hoffman J, Murch KW, Goryachev M, McAllister BT, Quiskamp A, Thomson C, Tobar ME. Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter in the 3.3-4.2 μeV Mass Range. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:261803. [PMID: 35029490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.261803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the results from a haloscope search for axion dark matter in the 3.3-4.2 μeV mass range. This search excludes the axion-photon coupling predicted by one of the benchmark models of "invisible" axion dark matter, the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model. This sensitivity is achieved using a large-volume cavity, a superconducting magnet, an ultra low noise Josephson parametric amplifier, and sub-Kelvin temperatures. The validity of our detection procedure is ensured by injecting and detecting blind synthetic axion signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bartram
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T Braine
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E Burns
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - H Korandla
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Leum
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P Mohapatra
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T Nitta
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - John Clarke
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M H Awida
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Hollister
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Knirck
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A T Hipp
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - R Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Robertson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Boutan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - E J Daw
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M G Perry
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C Gaikwad
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M Goryachev
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - B T McAllister
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Quiskamp
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - C Thomson
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M E Tobar
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Khatiwada R, Bowring D, Chou AS, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Mitchell DV, Braine T, Bartram C, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Will D, Kimes S, Carosi G, Woollett N, Durham S, Duffy LD, Bradley R, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Tedeschi J, Clarke J, Dove A, Hashim A, Siddiqi I, Stevenson N, Eddins A, O'Kelley SR, Nawaz S, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Solomon JA, Lentz E, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Buckley JH, Harrington PM, Henriksen EA, Murch KW, Hilton GC. Axion Dark Matter Experiment: Detailed design and operations. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:124502. [PMID: 34972408 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axion dark matter experiment ultra-low noise haloscope technology has enabled the successful completion of two science runs (1A and 1B) that looked for dark matter axions in the 2.66-3.1 μeV mass range with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky sensitivity [Du et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 151301 (2018) and Braine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 101303 (2020)]. Therefore, it is the most sensitive axion search experiment to date in this mass range. We discuss the technological advances made in the last several years to achieve this sensitivity, which includes the implementation of components, such as the state-of-the-art quantum-noise-limited amplifiers and a dilution refrigerator. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a frequency tunable microstrip superconducting quantum interference device amplifier in run 1A, and a Josephson parametric amplifier in run 1B, along with novel analysis tools that characterize the system noise temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khatiwada
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA and Fermilab Quantum Institute, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Accelerator Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D V Mitchell
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Braine
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Bartram
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Will
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Durham
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Accelerators and Electrodynamics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Bradley
- NRAO Technology Center, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C Boutan
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Tedeschi
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - John Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Dove
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Stevenson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Eddins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Nawaz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J A Solomon
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- Department of Physics, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - E J Daw
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M G Perry
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - P M Harrington
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - E A Henriksen
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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7
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Crisosto N, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Yang J, Rybka G. ADMX SLIC: Results from a Superconducting LC Circuit Investigating Cold Axions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:241101. [PMID: 32639799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Axions are a promising cold dark matter candidate. Haloscopes, which use the conversion of axions to photons in the presence of a magnetic field to detect axions, are the basis of microwave cavity searches such as the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). To search for lighter, low frequency axions in the sub- 2×10^{-7} eV (50 MHz) range, a tunable lumped-element LC circuit has been proposed. For the first time, through ADMX SLIC (Superconducting LC Circuit Investigating Cold Axions), a resonant LC circuit was used to probe this region of axion mass-coupling space. The detector used a superconducting LC circuit with piezoelectric driven capacitive tuning. The axion mass and corresponding frequency ranges 1.7498-1.7519×10^{-7} eV (42.31-42.36 MHz), 1.7734-1.7738×10^{-7} eV (42.88-42.89 MHz), and 1.8007-1.8015×10^{-7} eV (43.54-43.56 MHz) were covered at magnetic fields of 4.5 T, 5.0 T, and 7.0 T, respectively. Exclusion results from the search data, for coupling below 10^{-12} GeV^{-1}, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Crisosto
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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8
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Jorquera G, Echiburú B, Crisosto N, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Maliqueo M, Cruz G. Metformin during Pregnancy: Effects on Offspring Development and Metabolic Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:653. [PMID: 32625081 PMCID: PMC7311748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are both associated with of several postnatal diseases in the offspring, including obesity, early onset hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and reproductive alterations. Metformin is an oral drug that is being evaluated to treat GDM, obesity-associated insulin resistance, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during pregnancy. The beneficial effects of metformin on glycemia and pregnancy outcomes place it as a good alternative for its use during pregnancy. In this line of thought, improving the metabolic status of the pregnant mother by using metformin should avoid the consequences of insulin resistance on the offspring's fetal and postnatal development. However, some human and animal studies have shown that metformin during pregnancy could amplify these alterations and be associated with excessive postnatal weight gain and obesity. In this minireview, we discuss not only the clinical and experimental evidence that supports the benefits of using metformin during pregnancy but also the evidence showing a possible negative impact of this drug on the offspring's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valpararaíso, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unit of Endocrinology, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valpararaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valpararaíso, Chile
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9
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Maliqueo M, Álvarez D, Ortíz M, García M, Flores C, Echiburú B, Crisosto N. MON-LB6 Association Between Sex Steroid and Metabolic Parameters in Cord Blood With Placental Fatty Acid Transporter in Obese Pregnant Women. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7208185 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity reduces maternal insulin sensitivity and alters sex steroid serum concentrations. However, it is not clear if these changes are reflected in the fetal circulation. On the other hand, similar to other metabolic tissues, modifications in sex steroid concentrations and metabolic parameters could modify the transport and metabolism of fatty acids (FA) in the placenta increasing their availability for the fetus. Therefore, we aimed to study, in pregnant women with normal-weight and obesity, sex steroid serum concentrations in cord blood and their relationship with the gene expression of FA transporters and of molecules related with FA metabolism in the placenta. We included 26 pregnant women with normal-weight and 26 pregnant women with obesity without pregnancy complications. At term of pregnancy, mixed cord blood and placenta samples were collected and stored at -80°C. Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, estradiol, estriol, insulin and TNF-α were measured by RIA or ELISA. Glycemia and lipid profile were also analyzed. In placental samples, the gene expression of MFSD2A, CD36, FABP4, SLC27A4, PPARG, LPL and DGAT were determined by quantitative PCR. No differences were observed in sex steroid concentrations and metabolic parameters between groups. On the other hand, the gene expression of MFSD2A, CD36 and FABP4 were higher in placentas from women with obesity compared to women with normal-weight (P = 0.050, P = 0.037 and P = 0.038, respectively). When distributed according to fetal sex, cholesterol levels were higher in cord blood of women with obesity and female fetuses (P = 0.005), whereas glycemia was lower in women with obesity and male fetuses (P = 0.045). In turn, the gene expression of CD36 and FABP4 were higher (P = 0.024 and P = 0.034, respectively), whereas MFSD2A tended to be higher (P = 0.092) only in placentas from women with obesity and male fetuses. Moreover, in women with obesity and male fetuses, glycemia was positively correlated with MFSD2A (r = 0.650; P = 0.022), and in women with obesity and female fetuses FABP4 was inversely correlated with triglyceride levels (r = -0.580; P = 0.048). In conclusion, these data suggest that modifications in placental steroidogenesis do not affect sex steroid serum concentrations in the fetal circulation. On the other hand, metabolic parameters in cord blood of pregnant women with obesity are associated with an abnormal expression of FA transporters in placental tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Ortíz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Madian García
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Flores
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Echiburú B, Milagro F, Crisosto N, Pérez-Bravo F, Flores C, Arpón A, Salas-Pérez F, Recabarren SE, Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M. DNA methylation in promoter regions of genes involved in the reproductive and metabolic function of children born to women with PCOS. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1178-1194. [PMID: 32283997 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1754674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidences indicate that epigenetic modifications induced by the prenatal environment are related to metabolic and reproductive derangements in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Alterations in the leptin and adiponectin systems, androgen signalling and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels have been observed in PCOS women and in their offspring. Using a targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we studied DNA methylation in promoter regions of the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), AMH and androgen receptor (AR) genes in 24 sons and daughters of women with PCOS (12 treated with metformin during pregnancy) and 24 children born to non-PCOS women during early infancy (2-3 months of age). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, bisulphite converted and sequenced by NGS. Girls showed differences between groups in 1 CpG site of LEPR, 2 of LEP, 1 of ADIPOR2 and 2 of AR. Boys showed differences in 5 CpG sites of LEP, 3 of AMH and 9 of AR. Maternal metformin treatment prevented some of these changes in LEP, ADIPOR2 and partially in AR in girls, and in LEP and AMH in boys. Maternal BMI at early pregnancy was inversely correlated with the methylation levels of the ChrX-67544981 site in the whole group of girls (r = -0.530, p = 0.008) and with the global Z-score in all boys (r = -0.539, p = 0.007). These data indicate that the intrauterine PCOS environment predisposes the offspring to acquire certain sex-dependent DNA methylation patterns in the promoter regions of metabolic and reproductive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Unit of Endocrinology, Clínica Las , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Flores
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Arpón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisca Salas-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio E Recabarren
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion , Chillán, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
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11
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Braine T, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Kimes S, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Bowring D, Chou AS, Khatiwada R, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Carosi G, Woollett N, Duffy LD, Bradley R, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Clarke J, Dove A, Eddins A, O'Kelley SR, Nawaz S, Siddiqi I, Stevenson N, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Solomon JA, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Lentz E, Daw EJ, Buckley JH, Harrington PM, Henriksen EA, Murch KW. Extended Search for the Invisible Axion with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:101303. [PMID: 32216421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on a cavity haloscope search for dark matter axions in the Galactic halo in the mass range 2.81-3.31 μeV. This search utilizes the combination of a low-noise Josephson parametric amplifier and a large-cavity haloscope to achieve unprecedented sensitivity across this mass range. This search excludes the full range of axion-photon coupling values predicted in benchmark models of the invisible axion that solve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Braine
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, California 87545, USA
| | - R Bradley
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C Boutan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Clarke
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Dove
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Eddins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Nawaz
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Stevenson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J A Solomon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - E J Daw
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | - E A Henriksen
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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12
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Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Cervantes R, Du N, Force N, Kimes S, Ottens R, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Carosi G, Woollett N, Bowring D, Chou AS, Khatiwada R, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Bradley R, Daw EJ, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Clarke J, O'Kelley SR, Crisosto N, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Stern I, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Harrington PM, Lentz E. Piezoelectrically Tuned Multimode Cavity Search for Axion Dark Matter. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:261302. [PMID: 30636160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.261302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The μeV axion is a well-motivated extension to the standard model. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) collaboration seeks to discover this particle by looking for the resonant conversion of dark-matter axions to microwave photons in a strong magnetic field. In this Letter, we report results from a pathfinder experiment, the ADMX "Sidecar," which is designed to pave the way for future, higher mass, searches. This testbed experiment lives inside of and operates in tandem with the main ADMX experiment. The Sidecar experiment excludes masses in three widely spaced frequency ranges (4202-4249, 5086-5799, and 7173-7203 MHz). In addition, Sidecar demonstrates the successful use of a piezoelectric actuator for cavity tuning. Finally, this publication is the first to report data measured using both the TM_{010} and TM_{020} modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boutan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Force
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Ottens
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Bradley
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - E J Daw
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Agrawal
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Clarke
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - I Stern
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - E Lentz
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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13
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Crisosto N, Ladrón de Guevara A, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M, Cavada G, Codner E, Paez F, Sir-Petermann T. Higher luteinizing hormone levels associated with antimüllerian hormone in postmenarchal daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2018; 111:381-388. [PMID: 30527840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the reproductive and metabolic differences between daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOSd) and control women (Cd) after menarche. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Clinical endocrinology unit. PATIENT(S) We studied 43 PCOSd and 28 Cd 1.5-6 years after menarche. INTERVENTION(S) Determination of anthropometry, pubertal development, hirsutism, oral glucose tolerance test, and GnRH analogue test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ferriman score, sex steroids, gonadotropins, antimüllerian hormone (AMH), ovarian volumes, and glucose and insulin levels. RESULT(S) The groups were similar in chronologic, gynecologic, and menarchal ages and anthropometric variables. Ferriman score, ovarian volumes, and AMH were higher in PCOSd. Propensity score analysis showed that there were significant differences in LH, LH-FSH ratio, T and free androgen index, post-stimulated LH and LH-FSH ratio, and 2-hour insulin that could be attributed only to the fact of being a PCOS daughter. The generalized linear model showed that higher LH levels were positively associated with AMH and T levels. CONCLUSION(S) We found that higher LH, androgen, and insulin levels are present in PCOSd during the postmenarchal period, which may establish the basis for the development of PCOS during adulthood. Moreover, LH levels were associated with AMH levels, which supports that the neuroendocrine feedback proposed for AMH and LH is present in humans and that this feature is probably programed in utero, as recently shown in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Endocrinology Unit, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Amanda Ladrón de Guevara
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Cavada
- Public Health Department, University of Chile and University Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Paez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Abruzzese GA, Crisosto N, De Grava Kempinas W, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Developmental programming of the female neuroendocrine system by steroids. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12632. [PMID: 29968423 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental programming refers to processes that occur during early life that may have long-term consequences, modulating adult health and disease. Complex diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease, have a high prevalence in different populations, are multifactorial, and may have a strong environmental component. The environment interacts with organisms, affecting their behaviour, morphology and physiology. This interaction may induce permanent or long-term changes, and organisms may be more susceptible to environmental factors during certain developmental stages, such as the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Several factors have been identified as responsible for inducing the reprogramming of various reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. Among them, both natural and synthetic steroids, such as endocrine disruptors, are known to have either detrimental or positive effects on organisms depending on the dose of exposure, stage of development and biological sexual background. The present review focuses on the action of steroids and endocrine disruptors as agents involved in developmental programming and on their modulation and effects on female neuroendocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Endocrinology Unit, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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15
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Du N, Force N, Khatiwada R, Lentz E, Ottens R, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Carosi G, Woollett N, Bowring D, Chou AS, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Boutan C, Oblath NS, Bradley R, Daw EJ, Dixit AV, Clarke J, O'Kelley SR, Crisosto N, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Stern I, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Hilton GC. Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:151301. [PMID: 29756850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the results from a haloscope search for dark matter axions with masses between 2.66 and 2.81 μeV. The search excludes the range of axion-photon couplings predicted by plausible models of the invisible axion. This unprecedented sensitivity is achieved by operating a large-volume haloscope at subkelvin temperatures, thereby reducing thermal noise as well as the excess noise from the ultralow-noise superconducting quantum interference device amplifier used for the signal power readout. Ongoing searches will provide nearly definitive tests of the invisible axion model over a wide range of axion masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Du
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Force
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Khatiwada
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E Lentz
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Ottens
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Boutan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - R Bradley
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - E J Daw
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A V Dixit
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Clarke
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - I Stern
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Fux-Otta C, Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Rosato O, Crisosto N, Iraci GS, Fiol de Cuneo M, Szafryk de Mereshian P, Sir-Petermann T. Pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in two Latin American populations. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018. [PMID: 29537320 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1410532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications and obstetric outcomes were compared in 80 Chilean (PPCOSCh) and 70 Argentinian (PPCOSAr) pregnant women. Reference groups of Chilean and Argentinian normal pregnant women from the same antenatal care units were also compared. PPCOSCh showed a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR, 2.28, 95% CI: 1.08-4.77, p = .030) and a lower prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (OR, 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.54, p = .001) compared to PPCOSAr. In the normal pregnant groups, the prevalence of PIH was lower in Chilean women compared to Argentinian women (OR, 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.62, p = .001). Similar to the pattern observed in the normal populations, newborns from PPCOSCh had higher birth weight and length compared with the newborns of PPCOSAr (p = .006 and .014, respectively). In conclusion, differences in pregnancy complications and obstetric outcomes between Chilean and Argentinian pregnant women with PCOS could be determined by ethnic diversity together with environmental factors of both populations. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject: The reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome vary between different populations, which could significantly influence the obstetric and neonatal outcomes in this syndrome. What the results of this study add: Pregnant women with PCOS from two Latin American countries (Chile and Argentina) exhibit differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension, and in the birth weight of their newborns. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Ethnic diversity together with environmental factors are fundamental elements that must be considered in the management of pregnant women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fux-Otta
- a Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Faculty of Medical Sciences , Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, University Institute for Reproductive Medicine (IUMER), National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- c Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine , San Juan de Dios Hospital, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- c Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine , San Juan de Dios Hospital, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Otilio Rosato
- b Faculty of Medical Sciences , Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, University Institute for Reproductive Medicine (IUMER), National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina.,d Gynecological Clinic Cathedra II, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- c Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine , San Juan de Dios Hospital, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Gabriel S Iraci
- e Applied Pharmacology Cathedra, Faculty of Medical Sciences , National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Marta Fiol de Cuneo
- f Human Physiology Cathedra, Faculty of Medical Sciences , National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Paula Szafryk de Mereshian
- a Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, National Córdoba University , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- c Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine , San Juan de Dios Hospital, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Echiburú B, Pérez-Bravo F, Galgani JE, Sandoval D, Saldías C, Crisosto N, Maliqueo M, Sir-Petermann T. Enlarged adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue associated to hyperandrogenism and visceral adipose tissue volume in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2018; 130:15-21. [PMID: 29273198 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen excess disorder associated with obesity and adipose tissue disturbances. Our aim was to evaluate gene expression of adipocytokines and adipocyte characteristics in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of PCOS women. DESIGN Twelve PCOS (PCOSw) and 12 control (Cw) premenopausal women (BMI 20-35 kg/m2) were included, with measurements of whole-body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, by magnetic resonance imaging. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed with measurements of glucose and insulin, and sex steroids, lipid profile and serum adipocytokines were determined in the fasting sample. Adipocytokine gene expression, mean adipocyte area and macrophage infiltration were evaluated in SAT biopsies. RESULTS Both groups were comparable in age and BMI. Trunk fat mass amount (p = .043), serum and SAT leptin/adiponectin ratio (p = .034 and p = .028, respectively) and adipocyte area (p = .015) were higher in PCOSw compared to Cw. Interestingly, trunk fat mass was positively correlated with adipocyte area in PCOSw (r = 0.821, p = .023), while the inverse correlation was found in Cw (r = -0.786, p = .021). Only in PCOSw, adipocyte area was positively correlated with serum testosterone (r = 0.857, p = .014) and visceral adipose tissue volume (r = 0.857, p = .014). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PCOS women present adipose tissue dysfunction in the subcutaneous compartment, characterized by an alteration in adipocyte size and leptin/adiponectin expression and secretion, probably associated with higher androgen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José E Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism and UDA-Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Sandoval
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Carolina Saldías
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M, Luchsinger M, Rojas P, Recabarren S, Sir-Petermann T. Reproductive and metabolic features during puberty in sons of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:607-613. [PMID: 28912339 PMCID: PMC5640572 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intrauterine life may be implicated in the origin of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) modifying the endocrine and metabolic functions of children born to PCOS mothers independently of the genetic inheritance and gender. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive and metabolic functions in sons of women with PCOS during puberty. METHODS Sixty-nine PCOS sons (PCOSs) and 84 control sons of 7-18 years old matched by the Tanner stage score were studied. A complete physical examination was conducted including anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist, hip and body mass index). An oral glucose tolerance test was performed and circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, androstenedione (A4), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and AMH were determined in the fasting sample. RESULTS Waist-to-hip ratio, FSH and androstenedione levels were significantly higher in the PCOSs group compared to control boys during the Tanner stage II-III. In Tanner stages II-III and IV-V, PCOSs showed significantly higher total cholesterol and LDL levels. Propensity score analysis showed that higher LDL levels were attributable to the PCOSs condition and not to other metabolic factors. AMH levels were comparable during all stages. The rest of the parameters were comparable between both groups. CONCLUSIONS Sons of women with PCOS show increased total cholesterol and LDL levels during puberty, which may represent latent insulin resistance. Thus, this is a group that should be followed and studied looking for further features of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk markers. Reproductive markers, on the other hand, are very similar to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism LaboratoryWest Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism LaboratoryWest Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism LaboratoryWest Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marta Luchsinger
- Endocrinology and Metabolism LaboratoryWest Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Rojas
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and EndocrinologyFaculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sergio Recabarren
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and EndocrinologyFaculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism LaboratoryWest Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Medina G, Maliqueo M, Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Sir-Petermann T, Lara HE. Metformin increases norepinephrine transporter expression in placenta of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:3482-3489. [PMID: 28829492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the norepinephrine (NE) and placental NE transporter (NET) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) non-treated and treated with metformin during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied sixteen pregnant women with PCOS: 8 without metformin treatment during pregnancy (PCOS-M) and 8 treated with metformin during pregnancy (PCOS+M). Sixteen pregnant women of similar age without PCOS were included as controls (Control). At 24th and 35th weeks of pregnancy, blood samples were obtained. Placentas from full-term pregnancies were collected immediately after delivery. They were divided into two samples representative from the region near the chorionic plate (fetal side) and from the region near the basal plate (maternal side). NE plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and placental NET protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS At week 24 of gestation, PCOS-M had higher NE plasma levels compared to control women (p < 0.001). Moreover, NET expression was lower in the maternal side of the placenta of PCOS-M compared to controls (p < 0.05). Metformin treatment normalized NE plasma levels at week 24 of gestation and NET expression in the maternal side of the placenta. In the fetal side of the placenta, NET expression was lower in PCOS-M and PCOS+M compared to control women (p < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that norepinephrine homeostasis is altered in pregnant women with PCOS. Remarkably, metformin administration during pregnancy decreases circulating norepinephrine levels and increases NET expression in the maternal side of placentas from PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Medina
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Crisosto N, Flores C, Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Vásquez J, Maluenda F, Sir-Petermann T. Testosterone increases CCL-2 expression in visceral adipose tissue from obese women of reproductive age. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 444:59-66. [PMID: 28161330 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperandrogenic states and obesity in women are associated with insulin-resistance. Androgens reduce glucose uptake in adipose cells and increase TNFα production in peripheral monocytes. Inflammatory cytokines have a known detrimental effect on insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of testosterone in local cytokine production in visceral adipose tissue from women of reproductive age. DESIGN Twenty-four women 18-40 years old, undergoing elective abdominal surgery for benign and non-inflammatory conditions, were recruited for the study. Women with clinical hyperandrogenism, diabetes, hepatic or renal dysfunction, hypothyroidism, BMI> 40 or drugs known to interfere with hormonal levels or fat metabolism were excluded. Women were classified into two groups according to BMI, non-obese (NO; BMI < 30) and obese (O; BMI 30-40). A basal blood sample was drawn at the time of surgery for the measurement of glucose, insulin, total testosterone, lipid profile and circulating CCL-2, IL-6 and total adiponectin. Omental fat tissue (10 g) was obtained in all women. Samples of 300 mg of minced adipose tissue were incubated with vehicle (CTL) or testosterone (T) 10-9 M to 10-6 M for 24, 48 or 72 h. CCL-2, IL-6, TNFα, androgen Receptor (AR) mRNA levels were measured by Real Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and normalized to GAPDH expression. Secretion of CCL-2 and IL-6 was measured in conditioned media by ELISA. RESULTS Expression of CCL-2 and IL-6 at 24 h in CTLs was significantly higher in the obese group compared to the non-obese group (2.81 ± 0.43 fold for CCL-2; p = 0.005 and 3.26 ± 0.73 fold for IL-6; p = 0.03). At 48 and 72 h there were no differences between both groups in any of the markers. In the total group without T stimulation (CTL) there were significant correlations between: TNFα expression at 24 h and BMI (r = 0.708; p = 0.005), TGC levels (r = 0.904; p = 0.004), total Cholesterol (r = 0.904; p = 0.0046) and IL-6 expression at 24 h (r = 0.642; p = 0.015). CCL-2 expression at 24 h was correlated with BMI (r = 0.637; p = 0.007) and TGC levels (r = 0.700; p = 0.02). Stimulation with T 10-6 M for 72 h produced an increase in CCL-2 expression, which was significantly larger in the obese group compared to the non-obese group (2.04 ± 0.44 in obese vs 0.82 ± 0.11 in non-obese; p = 0.015). Moreover, in the whole group there was a positive correlation between CCL-2 expression in T-treated tissues (10-6 M 72 h) and BMI (r = 0.514; p = 0.017). Cytokine determinations followed the same pattern as mRNA but without significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone increases CCL-2 expression in visceral adipose tissue from obese women of reproductive age. This response is associated to BMI. These results show new possible mechanisms connecting androgens to insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Endocrinology Unit, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. /
| | - Cristián Flores
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Vásquez
- Surgery Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sir-Petermann T, Echiburú B, Crisosto N, Maliqueo M, Bravo F. Metabolic Features Across the Female Life Span in Women with PCOS. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:5515-5525. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160722100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Echiburú B, Crisosto N, Maliqueo M, Pérez-Bravo F, de Guevara AL, Hernández P, Cavada G, Rivas C, Clavel A, Sir-Petermann T. Metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome across adult life. Metabolism 2016; 65:776-782. [PMID: 27085784 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in different stages of reproductive life. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 190 PCOS women (PCOSw) and 99 controls (Cw) aged between 18 and 55years were included. PCOSw and Cw were distributed into 3 stages of reproductive life: early reproductive age (18-34years old), late reproductive age (35-40years old) and perimenopausal period (41-55years old). Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measurement of glucose and insulin was performed. Sex steroids and lipid profile were also determined in the fasting sample. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR and ISI composite, and insulin secretion by HOMA-β and insulinogenic index. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were also calculated. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was assessed by the IDF and ATPIII criteria. RESULTS At early reproductive age, PCOSw showed higher BMI, WC, and VAI and a higher prevalence of MS compared to Cw (p<0.05). In addition, at late reproductive age PCOSw also showed elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin secretion, LAP and BP. At perimenopausal period, these parameters were not different between Cw and PCOSw. Within the PCOSw group, HOMA-β was lower at late reproductive and perimenopausal periods compared to the early reproductive age. Regarding control women, a deterioration of anthropometric and metabolic parameters was observed in perimenopausal women compared to early and late reproductive women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that metabolic derangements associated with PCOS are more evident at the early and late reproductive ages. On the other hand, during perimenopause, there is no further deterioration of metabolic parameters. Nevertheless, a disruption in pancreatic β-cell function is evidenced at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amanda Ladron de Guevara
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Hernández
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Cavada
- Public Health Department, University of Chile and University of Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Rivas
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Clavel
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Crisosto N. Sex Steroids Modulate Uterine-Placental Vasculature: Implications for Obstetrics and Neonatal Outcomes. Front Physiol 2016; 7:152. [PMID: 27199767 PMCID: PMC4844620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate blood supply to the uterine-placental region is crucial to ensure the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. Multiple factors intervene to achieve appropriate uterine blood flow and the structuring of the placental vasculature during the early stages of pregnancy. Among these factors, oxygen concentrations, growth factors, cytokines, and steroid hormones are the most important. Sex steroids are present in extremely high concentrations in the maternal circulation and are important paracrine and autocrine regulators of a wide range of maternal and placental functions. In this regard, progesterone and estrogens act as modulators of uterine vessels and decrease the resistance of the spiral uterine arteries. On the other hand, androgens have the opposite effect, increasing the vascular resistance of the uterus. Moreover, progesterone and estrogens modulate the synthesis and release of angiogenic factors by placental cells, which regulates trophoblastic invasion and uterine artery remodeling. In this scenario, it is not surprising that women with pregnancy-related pathologies, such as early miscarriages, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction, exhibit altered sex steroid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Medicine West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Medicine West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Medicine West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Crisosto N. Perinatal androgen exposure and adipose tissue programming: is there an impact on body weight fate? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:533-544. [PMID: 30298761 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.1077695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major concern in public health because it is one of the main risk factors for the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases. The fact that there is a clear sex dimorphism in normal body fat distribution points out the role of sex steroids as key factors in the regulation and function of the adipose cell. Androgens affect adipogenesis and fat metabolism in the adipose tissue of males and females. Hormonal disorders during pregnancy may affect the fetal tissues, with long-term implications leading to the development of pathologies during adult life. Obesity and metabolic disease are among these. In this regard, animal models have demonstrated an abnormal fat distribution and modifications in the size and function of adipose cells in the female and male offspring of mothers exposed to androgen excess during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- a Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, University of Chile, West Division, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- a Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, University of Chile, West Division, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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Echiburú B, Ladrón de Guevara A, Pereira C, Pérez C, Michael P, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T. [Effects of pregnancy and changes in body weight on polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes according to the Rotterdam criteria]. Rev Med Chil 2014; 142:966-74. [PMID: 25424668 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872014000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is tightly associated with insulin resistance and obesity and characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology when fully expressed. The 2003 Rotterdam consensus proposed that two or three of these features were necessary to make the diagnosis, which generated four phenotypes. Several studies have suggested that these phenotypes could differ in their metabolic and endocrine characteristics and that they could vary in the same patient when analyzed throughout life. AIM To determine if the initial classification of PCOS phenotypes is modified by different physiological conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a non-concurrent prospective analysis of 88 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. The effect of physiological conditions such as changes in body weight, pregnancy and ageing more than five years on PCOS phenotype expression was analyzed. RESULTS Twenty four percent of women became pregnant, 37% decreased and 24% increased their body weight during follow up. These conditions modified significantly the proportion of the different phenotypes (c2 = 32.2, p < 0.001). For instance, weight reduction was associated with a change to a better phenotype (p = 0.047) and even a normalization of the PCOS condition in 27% of the patients. On the other hand, an increase in body weight modifying body mass index in one unit, conferred an 8% probability of changing to a worst phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy and changes in body weight significantly modify PCOS phenotypes.
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Ladrón de Guevara A, Fux-Otta C, Crisosto N, Szafryk de Mereshian P, Echiburú B, Iraci G, Perez-Bravo F, Sir-Petermann T. Metabolic profile of the different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in two Latin American populations. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1732-9.e1-2. [PMID: 24666752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the metabolic profile of Chilean and Argentinian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the Rotterdam criteria. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic centers. PATIENT(S) Women with PCOS, aged 18-39 years: 220 Chilean (PCOSCh) and 206 Argentinian (PCOSAr). INTERVENTION(S) Physical examination, fasting blood samples for androgens, gonadotropins, metabolic parameters, and a transvaginal ultrasound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comparative analysis of the metabolic profile in both populations divided into four phenotypes. RESULT(S) The distribution of the different phenotypes was different in both populations. PCOSCh women showed a higher body mass index and a higher percentage of metabolic syndrome in all phenotypes compared with the PCOSAr women. The PCOSAr women exhibited a statistically significantly higher diastolic blood pressure in phenotypes A, B, and C and a higher percentage of hypertension in phenotypes A and D compared with the PCOSCh women. CONCLUSION(S) The data show differences in the metabolic profile of both populations. PCOSCh women presented with greater metabolic alterations such as dysglycemia and dyslipidemia and a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, independent of the phenotype. The PCOSAr patients showed more elevated blood pressure. Ethnic diversity associated with environmental factors are fundamental elements in the analysis of the PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ladrón de Guevara
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Fux-Otta
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, National Córdoba University, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Szafryk de Mereshian
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital, National Córdoba University, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Iraci
- Applied Pharmacology Cathedra, National Córdoba University, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Perez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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de Guevara AL, Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Preisler J, Vantman N, Bollmann J, Pérez-Bravo F, Sir-Petermann T. Evaluation of ovarian function in 35–40-year-old women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Maliqueo M, Lara HE, Sánchez F, Echiburú B, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T. Placental steroidogenesis in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 166:151-5. [PMID: 23122578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the placental activity of steroid sulfatase (STS), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3β-HSD-1) and P450 aromatase (P450arom) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) compared to normal pregnant women. DESIGN Twenty pregnant women with PCOS and 30 control pregnant women who delivered at term were studied. Samples of placental tissue and cord blood were obtained after delivery. A maternal blood sample was obtained during the 34th week of gestation. In placental tissue, the activities of STS, 3β-HSD-1 and P450arom were evaluated. In the blood samples, progesterone, DHEAS, DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, estradiol and total estriol were determined. RESULT In placental tissue from women with PCOS, higher 3β-HSD-1 and lower P450 aromatase activities were observed compared to control women. Moreover, women with PCOS showed higher androstenedione and testosterone concentrations compared to normal pregnant women (p=0.016 and p=0.025, respectively). In cord blood, female newborns of women with PCOS exhibited lower androstenedione and higher estriol concentrations compared to daughters of control women (p=0.038; p=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that placental tissue from women with PCOS shows changes in the activities of two important enzymes for steroid synthesis, higher 3β-HSD-1 and lower P450, which could increase androgen production during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Echiburú B, Pérez-Bravo F, Maliqueo M, Ladrón de Guevara A, Gálvez C, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T. CAG repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor gene and X-chromosome inactivation in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): relationship with endocrine and metabolic parameters. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:516-20. [PMID: 22724574 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic disorder that arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. AIM To assess the role of the androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat polymorphism in the metabolic and reproductive features in daughters of women with PCOS (PCOSd). METHODS Sixty-seven PCOSd and 60 daughters of control women (Cd) were studied in early stages of sexual development. Sex steroids, glucose, insulin and lipids were determined. The AR CAG repeat sizes and X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) were analyzed. RESULTS PCOSd and Cd had similar mean number of CAG repeats and XCI pattern. In PCOSd and Cd, methylation-weighted biallelic means CAGn (mwCAGn) was not associated with androgen levels. In infants and pubertal PCOSd, mwCAGn was associated with a low concentration of HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS AR CAG repeat polymorphism appears to be unrelated with serum androgen levels. However, the short mwCAGn variant may have a possible impact on the lipid profile in PCOSd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Maliqueo M, Galgani JE, Pérez-Bravo F, Echiburú B, de Guevara AL, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T. Relationship of serum adipocyte-derived proteins with insulin sensitivity and reproductive features in pre-pubertal and pubertal daughters of polycystic ovary syndrome women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 161:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sir-Petermann T, Ladrón de Guevara A, Codner E, Preisler J, Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M, Sánchez F, Perez-Bravo F, Cassorla F. Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and insulin levels during different tanner stages in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:383-90. [PMID: 22344736 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111424444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We have previously described increased serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and stimulated insulin in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), suggesting that these girls may have an altered ovarian follicular development which may be modulated by insulin. However, the specific relationship between serum AMH and insulin levels during each Tanner stage of puberty in this cohort has not been established. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to establish the relationship between AMH and poststimulated insulin serum concentrations during each stage of puberty in daughters of women with PCOS (PCOSd), compared to daughters of control women (Cd). DESIGN We studied 135 PCOSd and 93 Cd classified according to their Tanner stage. Gonadotrophins, sex steroids, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and AMH were determined in a fasting sample. Ovarian volume was measured by pelvic ultrasound. In addition, in both groups we performed an oral glucose tolerance test with measurements of glucose and insulin. RESULTS Anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly higher in PCOSd compared to Cd at all Tanner stages. Daughters of women with PCOS having AMH concentrations greater than 2 standard deviation (SD) above the mean AMH value for the Cd group showed decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations and increased stimulated levels of insulin during Tanner stages I, II, and III. CONCLUSIONS Anti-Müllerian hormone levels are increased in PCOSd during all stages of puberty. We suggest that those PCOSd with the highest AMH levels probably represent a group of girls with more severe ovarian dysfunction and metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M, Pérez V, Ladrón de Guevara A, Preisler J, Sánchez F, Sir-Petermann T. Improvement of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: possible effect in the ovarian follicular mass of their daughters. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:218-24. [PMID: 22088206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Sir-Petermann T, Márquez L, Cárcamo M, Hitschfeld C, Codner E, Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Aranda P, Crisosto N, Cassorla F. Effects of birth weight on anti-mullerian hormone serum concentrations in infant girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:903-10. [PMID: 19934359 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT We previously demonstrated that low birth weight (BW) infant girls show increased serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations and poststimulated estradiol levels compared to normal-BW infants, suggesting an altered follicular development. However, the impact of high BW on reproductive function is less known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of BW on AMH, we determined the concentrations of this hormone in low-BW, normal-BW, and high-BW female infants during the first 3 months of life. DESIGN Twenty-seven low-BW, 29 normal-BW, and 28 high-BW infant girls were studied. We measured serum gonadotropins, steroid hormones, AMH, glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, IGF-I, and adiponectin in a fasting blood sample. In addition, in a subgroup of normal-BW (n = 23) and high-BW infants (n = 10), a GnRH analog leuprolide acetate test was performed. RESULTS Serum concentrations of AMH were higher in low-BW and high-BW infants compared to normal-BW infants (P = 0.028 and 0.022, respectively). In addition, in high-BW infants, adiponectin concentrations were lower (P = 0.018), and poststimulated FSH and estradiol levels were higher compared to normal-BW infants (P = 0.024 and 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Serum AMH and poststimulated estradiol concentrations are increased in low-BW and high-BW female infants, suggesting that these girls may show evidence of an altered follicular development. However, the increased poststimulated FSH levels and low adiponectin concentrations observed in high-BW infants suggest that ovarian function is perturbed through a different mechanism from that in low-BW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, West Division, School of Medicine, Las Palmeras 299, Interior Quinta Normal, Casilla 33052, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T, Greiner M, Maliqueo M, Moreno M, Aedo P, Lara HE. Testosterone-induced downregulation of anti-Müllerian hormone expression in granulosa cells from small bovine follicles. Endocrine 2009; 36:339-45. [PMID: 19714502 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by the presence of hyperandrogenism and an increased follicular mass probably determined by deregulation of locally produced factors. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein that inhibits follicular recruitment and determines the size of the follicular pool. To evaluate the role of androgens in the regulation of AMH expression in bovine granulosa cells from small follicles, granulosa cells from 3 to 4 mm follicles were isolated and incubated in basal culture media, or in media containing testosterone (T) at 10(-5)M, T 10(-8)M, or estradiol (E2) at 150 ng/ml for 48 h. AMH mRNA levels of these cells were determined using real-time PCR (RT PCR). AMH protein levels and E2 were determined in cell-conditioned media. A 3.4-fold decrease in AMH mRNA levels was observed in granulosa cells exposed to T 10(-5)M (P = 0.03, n = 5), but not in cells exposed to T 10(-8)M. AMH protein levels showed a 1.8-fold reduction in cell-conditioned media from cells exposed to T 10(-5)M (P = 0.01, n = 5), without significant changes in the group exposed to T 10(-8)M. Cells treated with E2 150 ng/ml showed no change in AMH protein levels. We propose that AMH expression is modulated by androgens in bovine granulosa cells from small follicles. Thus, it is possible to speculate that androgens, by inhibiting AMH expression, may promote follicle recruitment, increasing the early growing follicular pool. This new mechanism may have implications for the understanding of PCOS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Maliqueo M, Sir-Petermann T, Pérez V, Echiburú B, de Guevara AL, Gálvez C, Crisosto N, Azziz R. Adrenal function during childhood and puberty in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3282-8. [PMID: 19567527 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In some patients, PCOS may develop as a consequence of an exaggerated adrenarche during pubertal development. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess adrenal function during childhood and pubertal development in daughters of women with PCOS (PCOSd). DESIGN We included 98 PCOSd [64 during childhood (ages 4-8 yr) and 34 during the peripubertal period (ages 9-13 yr)] and 51 daughters of control women (Cd) [30 during childhood and 21 during the peripubertal period]. In both groups, an acute ACTH-(1-24) stimulation test (0.25 mg) and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed. Bone age and serum concentrations of cortisol, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), glucose, and insulin were determined. RESULTS PCOSd and Cd were similar in age and body mass index. During the peripubertal period, basal and poststimulated DHEAS concentrations were higher in PCOSd compared to Cd. Among PCOSd, 12.5% of girls in childhood and 32.4% in peripuberty presented biochemical evidence of exaggerated adrenarche. Stimulated insulin was higher in PCOSd compared to Cd during childhood (P = 0.03) and peripuberty (P = 0.03). An advancement of 8 months between bone and chronological age was observed in peripubertal PCOSd compared to Cd. CONCLUSIONS In PCOSd, basal and stimulated DHEAS concentrations were higher during the onset of puberty. Around 30% of the PCOSd demonstrated an exacerbated adrenarche, which may reflect increased P450c17 activity. In addition, a modest advance in bone age was observed, probably secondary to the hyperinsulinemia and/or adrenal hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, West Division, School of Medicine, Las Palmeras 299, Interior Quinta Normal, Casilla 33052, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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Sir-Petermann T, Codner E, Pérez V, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M, Ladrón de Guevara A, Preisler J, Crisosto N, Sánchez F, Cassorla F, Bhasin S. Metabolic and reproductive features before and during puberty in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1923-30. [PMID: 19223518 PMCID: PMC2730345 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A significant proportion of the first-degree female relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at risk for developing PCOS. However, it is not known at which stage of pubertal development the hormonal and metabolic abnormalities ensue in PCOS. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the reproductive and metabolic profiles of daughters of women with PCOS (PCOSd) during the peripubertal period, a stage during which the gonadal axis is activated and PCOS may become clinically manifest. DESIGN Ninety-nine PCOSd [30 prepubertal and 69 pubertal (Tanner II-V)] and 84 daughters of control women (Cd) (20 prepubertal and 64 pubertal) were studied. An oral glucose tolerance test, a GnRH agonist test (leuprolide acetate, 10 microg/kg sc), and a transabdominal ultrasound were performed. Gonadotropins, sex steroids, SHBG, glucose, insulin, and lipids were determined. RESULTS Both groups had similar chronological ages and body mass index sd scores according to Tanner stage distribution. Ovarian volume and 2-h insulin were significantly higher in PCOSd compared to Cd at all Tanner stages. In Tanner stages IV and V, basal testosterone and poststimulated LH, testosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were significantly higher in PCOSd compared to Cd. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia and an increased ovarian volume are present in PCOSd before the onset of puberty and persist during pubertal development. The biochemical abnormalities of PCOS appear during late puberty. Considering the early onset and the nature of the alterations, PCOSd constitute a high-risk group for metabolic and reproductive derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Medicine, West Division, School of Medicine, Las Palmeras 299, Interior Quinta Normal, Casilla 33052, Correo 33, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
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Echiburú B, Pérez-Bravo F, Maliqueo M, Sánchez F, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T. Polymorphism T --> C (-34 base pairs) of gene CYP17 promoter in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with increased body weight and insulin resistance: a preliminary study. Metabolism 2008; 57:1765-71. [PMID: 19013303 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of gene CYP17 promoter polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from a Chilean population and to examine the association of this polymorphism with body weight and estimate of insulin resistance in PCOS patient carriers and noncarriers of the A2 allelic variant. A total of 159 women with clinical and hormonal evidence of PCOS and 93 healthy women (HW) were evaluated. Diagnosis of PCOS was made according to the National Institutes of Health consensus criteria. In PCOS and HW, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed; and serum glucose and insulin were measured before the glucose load and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after. Lipid profile and free fatty acid concentrations were determined in the basal sample. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment and insulin sensitivity index composite. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed in all women to determine the A2 allele of the gene CYP17 promoter. The genotype frequency was similar between HW and PCOS women. No differences in anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters were observed in HW carrier and noncarrier of the A2 variant. In PCOS women, an increase in body mass index, waist circumference, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting insulin according to the A2 allele dosage was observed (P = .008, P = .016, P = .012, and P = .006, respectively). Polycystic ovary syndrome patient carriers of the A2 allele with a body mass index greater than 29.9 kg/m(2) showed an odds ratio of 9.1 (confidence interval, 3.0-27.4; P < .0001) for developing insulin resistance. These data suggest that the frequency of the A2 allele is similar between PCOS patients and HW; however, the presence of this gene defect in PCOS patients seems to be associated with increase in body weight, abdominal adiposity, and metabolic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, San Juan de Dios Hospital. University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M, Codner E, Echiburú B, Crisosto N, Pérez V, Pérez-Bravo F, Cassorla F. Early metabolic derangements in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4637-42. [PMID: 17848407 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a familial endocrine-metabolic dysfunction, increasingly recognized in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism. However, it is difficult to establish whether the metabolic abnormalities described in PCOS are present before the onset of hyperandrogenism. In children, a strong association of adiponectin levels with metabolic parameters of insulin resistance has been described. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate adiponectin serum concentrations and metabolic parameters in prepubertal and pubertal daughters of women with PCOS to identify girls with increased metabolic risk. DESIGN Fifty-three prepubertal and 22 pubertal (Tanner stages II-V) daughters of PCOS women (PCOSd) and 32 prepubertal and 17 pubertal daughters of control women (Cd) were studied. In both groups, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with measurement of glucose and insulin. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, SHBG, sex steroids, and lipids were determined in the fasting sample. RESULTS Both groups had similar chronological ages, body mass index sd score, and Tanner stage distribution. In the prepubertal girls, 2-h insulin was higher (P = 0.023) and adiponectin levels were lower (P = 0.004) in the PCOSd group, compared with the Cd group. In the pubertal girls, triglycerides (P = 0.03), 2-h insulin (P = 0.01), and serum testosterone concentrations were higher (P = 0.012) and SHBG lower (P = 0.009) in PCOSd, compared with Cd, but adiponectin levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Some of the metabolic features of PCOS are present in daughters of PCOS women before the onset of hyperandrogenism. Adiponectin appears to be one of the early markers of metabolic derangement in these girls.
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Crisosto N, Codner E, Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Sánchez F, Cassorla F, Sir-Petermann T. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in peripubertal daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2739-43. [PMID: 17488788 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We have previously observed increased anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in prepubertal daughters of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women, suggesting that these girls may have an altered follicular development. However, it is not known whether AMH levels remain increased during puberty. OBJECTIVE The aim was to establish whether the increased AMH levels observed in prepubertal daughters of PCOS women persist during the peripubertal period, a stage during which the gonadal axis is activated and PCOS may become clinically manifested. DESIGN We studied 28 daughters (8-16 yr old) of PCOS women (PCOSd) and 33 daughters (8-16 yr old) of control women (Cd). In both groups, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Gonadotropins, sex hormones, and AMH were determined in a fasting sample. RESULTS Both groups were comparable in age, body mass index, and breast Tanner stage. Free androgen index, testosterone, AMH (Cd 14.4 +/- 8.0 pM vs. PCOSd 24.0 +/- 19.0 pM; P = 0.012), and 2-h insulin levels were significantly higher in the PCOSd group compared with the control group. The average ovarian volume was significantly higher in the PCOSd group. In both groups a positive correlation between 2-h insulin and AMH concentrations was observed (PCOSd: r = 0.530, P = 0.007; Cd: r =0.561, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS AMH concentrations are increased in peripubertal PCOSd. These findings, along with the results of our previous study, suggest that PCOSd appear to show an increased follicular mass that is established during early development, and persists during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Casilla 33052, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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Sir-Petermann T, Codner E, Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Hitschfeld C, Crisosto N, Pérez-Bravo F, Recabarren SE, Cassorla F. Increased anti-Müllerian hormone serum concentrations in prepubertal daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:3105-9. [PMID: 16720659 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells and reflects follicular development. Adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased levels of AMH associated with an excessive number of growing follicles. However, it is not known whether these abnormalities are present before the clinical onset of PCOS. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate whether prepubertal daughters of women with PCOS have increased AMH levels. DESIGN Fourteen female infants (2-3 months old) and 25 prepubertal girls (4-7 yr old) born to PCOS mothers were studied. As a control group, we studied 21 female infants and 24 prepubertal girls born to mothers with regular menses and without hyperandrogenism. The group with PCOS mothers and the control group had normal birth weight and were born from spontaneous singleton pregnancies. Circulating concentrations of gonadotropins, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, 17-OH-progesterone, SHBG, inhibin B, and AMH were determined by specific assays. RESULTS Serum concentrations of AMH were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the control group during early infancy (20.4 +/- 15.6 vs. 9.16 +/- 8.6 pmol/liter; P = 0.024) and during childhood (14.8 +/- 7.7 vs. 9.61 +/- 4.4 pmol/liter; P = 0.007). Gonadotropin and serum sex steroid concentrations were similar in both groups during the two study periods, except for FSH, which was lower during childhood in girls born to PCOS mothers. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that serum AMH concentrations are increased in prepubertal daughters of PCOS women, suggesting that these girls appear to show evidence of an altered follicular development during infancy and childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 299, Interior Quinta Normal, Casilla 33052, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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