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Otaka A, Hirota T, Iwasaki Y. Direct Fabrication of Glycoengineered Cells via Photoresponsive Thiol-ene Reaction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2068-2073. [PMID: 38477551 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing of cell constructs with high-cell density, shape fidelity, and heterogeneous cell populations is an important tool for investigating cell sociology in living tissues but remains challenging. Herein, we propose an artificial intercellular adhesion method using a photoresponsive chemical cue between a thiol-bearing polymer and a methacrylate-bearing cell membrane. This process provided cell fabrication containing 108 cells/mL, embedded multiple cell populations in one structure, and enabled millimeter-sized scaleup. Our approach allows for the artificial cell construction of complex structures and is a promising bioprinting strategy for engineering tissues that are structurally and physiologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Otaka
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Taisuke Hirota
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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2
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Mut J, Altmann S, Reising S, Meißner-Weigl J, Driessen MD, Ebert R, Seibel J. SiaNAl can be efficiently incorporated in glycoproteins of human mesenchymal stromal cells by metabolic glycoengineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:139-148. [PMID: 36946521 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering involves the stimulation of cells with functionalized monosaccharides. Glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine derivatives are commercially available, but their application may lead to undirected (i.e., chemical) incorporation into proteins. However, sialic acids are attached to the ends of complex sugar chains of glycoproteins, which might be beneficial for cell surface modification via click chemistry. Thus, we studied the incorporation of chemically synthesized unnatural alkyne modified sialic acid (SiaNAl) into glycoproteins of human telomerase-immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC-TERT) and we show that SiaNAl can be efficiently incorporated in glycoproteins involved in signal transduction and cell junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Mut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Stephan Altmann
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, Würzburg 97076, Germany
| | - Sabine Reising
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jutta Meißner-Weigl
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, Würzburg 97076, Germany
| | - Marc D Driessen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, Würzburg 97076, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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3
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Tian X, Zheng L, Wang C, Han Y, Li Y, Cui T, Liu J, Liu C, Jia G, Yang L, Hsu Y, Zeng C, Ding L, Wang C, Cheng B, Wang M, Xie R. Selenium-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy for quantitative glycan detection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8281. [PMID: 38092825 PMCID: PMC10719347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a classical chemical approach to perturb, profile and perceive glycans in physiological systems, but probes upon bioorthogonal reaction require accessibility and the background signal readout makes it challenging to achieve glycan quantification. Here we develop SeMOE, a selenium-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy that concisely combines elemental analysis and MOE,enabling the mass spectrometric imaging of glycome. We also demonstrate that the new-to-nature SeMOE probes allow for detection, quantitative measurement and visualization of glycans in diverse biological contexts. We also show that chemical reporters on conventional MOE can be integrated into a bifunctional SeMOE probe to provide multimodality signal readouts. SeMOE thus provides a convenient and simplified method to explore the glyco-world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingna Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yida Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanming Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guogeng Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Hsu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Raev SA, Raque M, Kick MK, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Differential transcriptome response following infection of porcine ileal enteroids with species A and C rotaviruses. Virol J 2023; 20:238. [PMID: 37848925 PMCID: PMC10580564 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus C (RVC) is the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in suckling piglets, while most RVAs mostly affect weaned animals. Besides, while most RVA strains can be propagated in MA-104 and other continuous cell lines, attempts to isolate and culture RVC strains remain largely unsuccessful. The host factors associated with these unique RVC characteristics remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we have comparatively evaluated transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids infected with RVC G1P[1] and two RVA strains (G9P[13] and G5P[7]) with a focus on innate immunity and virus-host receptor interactions. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes regulating antiviral immune response indicated that in contrast to RVA, RVC infection resulted in robust upregulation of expression of the genes encoding pattern recognition receptors including RIG1-like receptors and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5. RVC infection was associated with a prominent upregulation of the most of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes except for the sialyltransferase-encoding genes which were downregulated similar to the effects observed for G9P[13]. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel data highlighting the unique aspects of the RVC-associated host cellular signalling and suggest that increased upregulation of the key antiviral factors maybe one of the mechanisms responsible for RVC age-specific characteristics and its inability to replicate in most cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA.
| | - Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Maryssa K Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA.
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5
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Kufleitner M, Haiber LM, Wittmann V. Metabolic glycoengineering - exploring glycosylation with bioorthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:510-535. [PMID: 36537135 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are involved in numerous biological recognition events. Being secondary gene products, their labeling by genetic methods - comparable to GFP labeling of proteins - is not possible. To overcome this limitation, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE, also known as metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, MOE) has been developed. In this approach, cells or organisms are treated with synthetic carbohydrate derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group. In the cytosol, the compounds are metabolized and incorporated into newly synthesized glycoconjugates. Subsequently, the reporter groups can be further derivatized in a bioorthogonal ligation reaction. In this way, glycans can be visualized or isolated. Furthermore, diverse targeting strategies have been developed to direct drugs, nanoparticles, or whole cells to a desired location. This review summarizes research in the field of MGE carried out in recent years. After an introduction to the bioorthogonal ligation reactions that have been used in in connection with MGE, an overview on carbohydrate derivatives for MGE is given. The last part of the review focuses on the many applications of MGE starting from mammalian cells to experiments with animals and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kufleitner
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Lisa Maria Haiber
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Switching azide and alkyne tags on bioorthogonal reporters in metabolic labeling of sialylatedglycoconjugates: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22129. [PMID: 36550357 PMCID: PMC9780200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation of cell surface glycans plays an essential role in cell-cell interaction and communication of cells with their microenvironment. Among the tools that have been developed for the study of sialylation in living cells, metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) exploits the biosynthetic pathway of sialic acid (Sia) to incorporate unnatural monosaccharides into nascent sialylatedglycoconjugates, followed by their detection by a bioorthogonal ligation of a molecular probe. Among bioorthogonal reactions, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is the only ligation where both reactive tags can be switched on the chemical reporter or on the probe, making this reaction very flexible and adaptable to various labeling strategies. Azide- and alkyne-modified ManNAc and Sia reporters have been widely used, but per-O-acetylated ManNAz (Ac4ManNAz) remains the most popular choice so far for tracking intracellular processing of sialoglycans and cell surface sialylation in various cells. Taking advantage of CuAAC, we compared the metabolic incorporation of ManNAl, ManNAz, SiaNAl, SiaNAz and Ac4ManNAz in the human colon cell lines CCD841CoN, HT29 and HCT116, and in the two gold standard cell lines, HEK293 and HeLa. Using complementary approaches, we showed marked differences in the efficiency of labeling of sialoglycoproteins between the different chemical reporters in a given cell line, and that switching the azide and alkyne bioorthogonal tags on the analogs highly impacted their metabolic incorporation in the human colon cell lines. Our results also indicated that ManNAz was the most promiscuous metabolized reporter to study sialylation in these cells.
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7
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Loss of GNE Predicts Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223624. [PMID: 36429052 PMCID: PMC9688572 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic surgery is increasingly utilized for the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) worldwide, whereas lymph node metastasis (LNM) remains a critical risk factor for the relapse of EGC after endoscopic surgery. Therefore, identifying potential predictive factors and understanding the molecular mechanisms are urgently needed for improving the outcome of EGC patients with LNM. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is the key enzyme in the process of biosynthesis of CMP-Neu5Ac from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which acts as a substrate for several reactions in glycan metabolism. In this study, we found that GNE was down-regulated in EGC patients with LNM. GNE expression as well as localization, tumor size, intravascular tumor thrombi and Lauren's classification were further identified as independent predictive factors for LNM. Combining GNE expression with traditional risk factors, including tumor size and differentiation degrees, could generate a better model for predicting LNM in EGC patients. Overall, our study implies that low GNE expression is a potential predictor of LNM in EGC.
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8
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Wu H, Shajahan A, Yang JY, Capota E, Wands AM, Arthur CM, Stowell SR, Moremen KW, Azadi P, Kohler JJ. A photo-cross-linking GlcNAc analog enables covalent capture of N-linked glycoprotein-binding partners on the cell surface. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:84-97.e8. [PMID: 34331854 PMCID: PMC8792112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans are displayed on cell-surface proteins and can engage in direct binding interactions with membrane-bound and secreted glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). Biochemical identification and characterization of glycan-mediated interactions is often made difficult by low binding affinities. Here we describe the metabolic introduction of a diazirine photo-cross-linker onto N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of N-linked glycoproteins on cell surfaces. We characterize sites at which diazirine-modified GlcNAc is incorporated, as well as modest perturbations to glycan structure. We show that diazirine-modified GlcNAc can be used to covalently cross-link two extracellular GBPs, galectin-1 and cholera toxin subunit B, to cell-surface N-linked glycoproteins. The extent of cross-linking correlates with display of the preferred glycan ligands for the GBPs. In addition, covalently cross-linked complexes could be isolated, and protein components of cross-linked N-linked glycoproteins were identified by proteomics analysis. This method may be useful in the discovery and characterization of binding interactions that depend on N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA,current affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - Emanuela Capota
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Amberlyn M. Wands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA,Lead Contact:
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Cheng B, Tang Q, Zhang C, Chen X. Glycan Labeling and Analysis in Cells and In Vivo. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:363-387. [PMID: 34314224 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091620-091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major types of biomacromolecules in the cell, glycans play essential functional roles in various biological processes. Compared with proteins and nucleic acids, the analysis of glycans in situ has been more challenging. Herein we review recent advances in the development of methods and strategies for labeling, imaging, and profiling of glycans in cells and in vivo. Cellular glycans can be labeled by affinity-based probes, including lectin and antibody conjugates, direct chemical modification, metabolic glycan labeling, and chemoenzymatic labeling. These methods have been applied to label glycans with fluorophores, which enables the visualization and tracking of glycans in cells, tissues, and living organisms. Alternatively, labeling glycans with affinity tags has enabled the enrichment of glycoproteins for glycoproteomic profiling. Built on the glycan labeling methods, strategies enabling cell-selective and tissue-specific glycan labeling and protein-specific glycan imaging have been developed. With these methods and strategies, researchers are now better poised than ever to dissect the biological function of glycans in physiological or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Che Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Glycoengineering Human Neural and Adipose Stem Cells with Novel Thiol-Modified N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) Analogs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020377. [PMID: 33673061 PMCID: PMC7918483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes novel thiol-modified N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogs that extend metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) applications of Ac5ManNTGc, a non-natural monosaccharide that metabolically installs the thio-glycolyl of sialic acid into human glycoconjugates. We previously found that Ac5ManNTGc elicited non-canonical activation of Wnt signaling in human embryoid body derived (hEBD) cells but only in the presence of a high affinity, chemically compatible scaffold. Our new analogs Ac5ManNTProp and Ac5ManNTBut overcome the requirement for a complementary scaffold by displaying thiol groups on longer, N-acyl linker arms, thereby presumably increasing their ability to interact and crosslink with surrounding thiols. These new analogs showed increased potency in human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and human adipose stem cells (hASCs). In the hNSCs, Ac5ManNTProp upregulated biochemical endpoints consistent with Wnt signaling in the absence of a thiol-reactive scaffold. In the hASCs, both Ac5ManNTProp and Ac5ManNTBut suppressed adipogenic differentiation, with Ac5ManNTBut providing a more potent response, and they did not interfere with differentiation to a glial lineage (Schwann cells). These results expand the horizon for using MGE in regenerative medicine by providing new tools (Ac5ManNTProp and Ac5ManNTBut) for manipulating human stem cells.
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11
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Dold JEGA, Wittmann V. Metabolic Glycoengineering with Azide- and Alkene-Modified Hexosamines: Quantification of Sialic Acid Levels. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1243-1251. [PMID: 33180370 PMCID: PMC8048827 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an established method to incorporate chemical reporter groups into cellular glycans for subsequent bioorthogonal labeling. The method has found broad application for the visualization and isolation of glycans allowing their biological roles to be probed. Furthermore, targeting of drugs to cancer cells that present high concentrations of sialic acids on their surface is an attractive approach. We report the application of a labeling reaction using 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene for the quantification of sialic acid derivates after MGE with various azide‐ and alkene‐modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc derivatives. We followed the time course of sialic acid production and were able to detect sialic acids modified with the chemical reporter group – not only after addition of ManNAc derivatives to the cell culture. A cyclopropane‐modified ManNAc derivative, being a model for the corresponding cyclopropene analog, which undergoes fast inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reactions with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines, resulted in the highest incorporation efficiency. Furthermore, we investigated whether feeding the cells with natural and unnatural ManNAc derivative results in increased levels of sialic acids and found that this is strongly dependent on the investigated cell type and cell fraction. For HEK 293T cells, a strong increase in free sialic acids in the cell interior was found, whereas cell‐surface sialic acid levels are only moderately increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
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12
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Yang H, Lu L, Chen X. An overview and future prospects of sialic acids. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107678. [PMID: 33285252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are negatively charged functional monosaccharides present in a wide variety of natural sources (plants, animals and microorganisms). Sias play an important role in many life processes, which are widely applied in the medical and food industries as intestinal antibacterials, antivirals, anti-oxidative agents, food ingredients, and detoxification agents. Most Sias are composed of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, >99%), and Sia is its most commonly used name. In this article, we review Sias in terms of their structures, applications, determination methods, metabolism, and production strategies. In particular, we summarise and compare different production strategies, including extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, polymer decomposition, enzymatic synthesis, whole-cell catalysis, and de novo biosynthesis via microorganism fermentation. We also discuss research on their physiological functions and applications, barriers to efficient production, and strategies for overcoming these challenges. We focus on efficient de novo biosynthesis strategies for Neu5Ac via microbial fermentation using novel synthetic biology tools and methods that may be applied in future. This work provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances on Sias, and addresses future challenges regarding their functions, applications, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liping Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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13
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Shajahan A, Supekar NT, Wu H, Wands AM, Bhat G, Kalimurthy A, Matsubara M, Ranzinger R, Kohler JJ, Azadi P. Mass Spectrometric Method for the Unambiguous Profiling of Cellular Dynamic Glycosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2692-2701. [PMID: 32809798 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Various biological processes at the cellular level are regulated by glycosylation which is a highly microheterogeneous post-translational modification (PTM) on proteins and lipids. The dynamic nature of glycosylation can be studied through metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars into glycan epitopes and their detection using bio-orthogonal probes. However, this approach possesses a significant drawback due to nonspecific background reactions and ambiguity of non-natural sugar metabolism. Here, we report a probe-free strategy for their direct detection by glycoproteomics and glycomics using mass spectrometry (MS). The method dramatically simplifies the detection of non-natural functional group bearing monosaccharides installed through promiscuous sialic acid, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathways. Multistage enrichment of glycoproteins by cellular fractionation, subsequent ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) based glycopeptide enrichment, and a spectral enrichment algorithm for the MS data processing enabled direct detection of non-natural monosaccharides that are incorporated at low abundance on the N/O-glycopeptides along with their natural counterparts. Our approach allowed the detection of both natural and non-natural sugar bearing glycopeptides, N- and O-glycopeptides, differentiation of non-natural monosaccharide types on the glycans and also their incorporation efficiency through quantitation. Through this, we could deduce interconversion of monosaccharides during their processing through glycan salvage pathway and subsequent incorporation into glycan chains. The study of glycosylation dynamics through this method can be conducted in high throughput, as few sample processing steps are involved, enabling understanding of glycosylation dynamics under various external stimuli and thereby could bolster the use of metabolic glycan engineering in glycosylation functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nitin T. Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amberlyn M. Wands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Ganapati Bhat
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Aravind Kalimurthy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Masaaki Matsubara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rene Ranzinger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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14
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Saeui CT, Cho KC, Dharmarha V, Nairn AV, Galizzi M, Shah SR, Gowda P, Park M, Austin M, Clarke A, Cai E, Buettner MJ, Ariss R, Moremen KW, Zhang H, Yarema KJ. Cell Line-, Protein-, and Sialoglycosite-Specific Control of Flux-Based Sialylation in Human Breast Cells: Implications for Cancer Progression. Front Chem 2020; 8:13. [PMID: 32117864 PMCID: PMC7013041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation, a post-translational modification that impacts the structure, activity, and longevity of glycoproteins has been thought to be controlled primarily by the expression of sialyltransferases (STs). In this report we explore the complementary impact of metabolic flux on sialylation using a glycoengineering approach. Specifically, we treated three human breast cell lines (MCF10A, T-47D, and MDA-MB-231) with 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc, a "high flux" metabolic precursor for the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. We then analyzed N-glycan sialylation using solid phase extraction of glycopeptides (SPEG) mass spectrometry-based proteomics under conditions that selectively captured sialic acid-containing glycopeptides, referred to as "sialoglycosites." Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that flux-based changes to sialylation were broadly distributed across classes of proteins in 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc-treated cells. Only three categories of proteins, however, were "highly responsive" to flux (defined as two or more sialylation changes of 10-fold or greater). Two of these categories were cell signaling and cell adhesion, which reflect well-known roles of sialic acid in oncogenesis. A third category-protein folding chaperones-was unexpected because little precedent exists for the role of glycosylation in the activity of these proteins. The highly flux-responsive proteins were all linked to cancer but sometimes as tumor suppressors, other times as proto-oncogenes, or sometimes both depending on sialylation status. A notable aspect of our analysis of metabolically glycoengineered breast cells was decreased sialylation of a subset of glycosites, which was unexpected because of the increased intracellular levels of sialometabolite "building blocks" in the 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc-treated cells. Sites of decreased sialylation were minor in the MCF10A (<25% of all glycosites) and T-47D (<15%) cells but dominated in the MDA-MB-231 line (~60%) suggesting that excess sialic acid could be detrimental in advanced cancer and cancer cells can evolve mechanisms to guard against hypersialylation. In summary, flux-driven changes to sialylation offer an intriguing and novel mechanism to switch between context-dependent pro- or anti-cancer activities of the several oncoproteins identified in this study. These findings illustrate how metabolic glycoengineering can uncover novel roles of sialic acid in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kyung-Cho Cho
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vrinda Dharmarha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Prateek Gowda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marian Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melissa Austin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amelia Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edward Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Moons SJ, Adema GJ, Derks MT, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid glycoengineering using N-acetylmannosamine and sialic acid analogs. Glycobiology 2020; 29:433-445. [PMID: 30913290 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids cap the glycans of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are involved in a multitude of biological processes and aberrant sialic acid expression is associated with several pathologies. Sialic acids modulate the characteristics and functions of glycoproteins and regulate cell-cell as well as cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Pathogens such as influenza virus use sialic acids to infect host cells and cancer cells exploit sialic acids to escape from the host's immune system. The introduction of unnatural sialic acids with different functionalities into surface glycans enables the study of the broad biological functions of these sugars and presents a therapeutic option to intervene with pathological processes involving sialic acids. Multiple chemically modified sialic acid analogs can be directly utilized by cells for sialoglycan synthesis. Alternatively, analogs of the natural sialic acid precursor sugar N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) can be introduced into the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway resulting in the intracellular conversion into the corresponding sialic acid analog. Both, ManNAc and sialic acid analogs, have been employed successfully for a large variety of glycoengineering applications such as glycan imaging, targeting toxins to tumor cells, inhibiting pathogen binding, or altering immune cell activity. However, there are significant differences between ManNAc and sialic acid analogs with respect to their chemical modification potential and cellular metabolism that should be considered in sialic acid glycoengineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Tgm Derks
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Morozzi C, Sedláková J, Serpi M, Avigliano M, Carbajo R, Sandoval L, Valles-Ayoub Y, Crutcher P, Thomas S, Pertusati F. Targeting GNE Myopathy: A Dual Prodrug Approach for the Delivery of N-Acetylmannosamine 6-Phosphate. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8178-8193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Morozzi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Jana Sedláková
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Marialuce Avigliano
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Rosangela Carbajo
- FirmaLab Bio-Diagnostics, 21053 Devonshire Street, Suite 106, Chatsworth, California 91311, United States
| | - Lucia Sandoval
- FirmaLab Bio-Diagnostics, 21053 Devonshire Street, Suite 106, Chatsworth, California 91311, United States
| | - Yadira Valles-Ayoub
- FirmaLab Bio-Diagnostics, 21053 Devonshire Street, Suite 106, Chatsworth, California 91311, United States
| | - Patrick Crutcher
- Cerecor Inc., 540 Gaither Road, Suite 400, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Stephen Thomas
- Cerecor Inc., 540 Gaither Road, Suite 400, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
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17
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Liu Z, Subbaraj A, Fraser K, Jia H, Chen W, Day L, Roy NC, Young W. Human milk and infant formula differentially alters the microbiota composition and functional gene relative abundance in the small and large intestines in weanling rats. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2131-2143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Hassenrück J, Wittmann V. Cyclopropene derivatives of aminosugars for metabolic glycoengineering. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:584-601. [PMID: 30931000 PMCID: PMC6423581 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropenes have been proven valuable chemical reporter groups for metabolic glycoengineering (MGE). They readily react with tetrazines in an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (DAinv) reaction, a prime example of a bioorthogonal ligation reaction, allowing their visualization in biological systems. Here, we present a comparative study of six cyclopropene-modified hexosamine derivatives and their suitability for MGE. Three mannosamine derivatives in which the cyclopropene moiety is attached to the sugar by either an amide or a carbamate linkage and that differ by the presence or absence of a stabilizing methyl group at the double bond have been examined. We determined their DAinv reaction kinetics and their labeling intensities after metabolic incorporation. To determine the efficiencies by which the derivatives are metabolized to sialic acids, we synthesized and investigated the corresponding cyclopropane derivatives because cyclopropenes are not stable under the analysis conditions. From these experiments, it became obvious that N-(cycloprop-2-en-1-ylcarbonyl)-modified (Cp-modified) mannosamine has the highest metabolic acceptance. However, carbamate-linked N-(2-methylcycloprop-2-en-1-ylmethyloxycarbonyl)-modified (Cyoc-modified) mannosamine despite its lower metabolic acceptance results in the same cell-surface labeling intensity due to its superior reactivity in the DAinv reaction. Based on the high incorporation efficiency of the Cp derivative we synthesized and investigated two new Cp-modified glucosamine and galactosamine derivatives. Both compounds lead to comparable, distinct cell-surface staining after MGE. We further found that the amide-linked Cp-modified glucosamine derivative but not the Cyoc-modified glucosamine is metabolically converted to the corresponding sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hassenrück
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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19
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Halsør MJH, Rothweiler U, Altermark B, Raeder ILU. The crystal structure of the N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase from Nostoc sp. KVJ10 reveals the true dimer. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:90-100. [PMID: 30644848 PMCID: PMC6333288 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318017047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine 2-epimerases (AGEs) catalyze the interconversion of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine. They can be used to perform the first step in the synthesis of sialic acid from N-acetylglucosamine, which makes the need for efficient AGEs a priority. This study presents the structure of the AGE from Nostoc sp. KVJ10 collected in northern Norway, referred to as nAGE10. It is the third AGE structure to be published to date, and the first one in space group P42212. The nAGE10 monomer folds as an (α/α)6 barrel in a similar manner to that of the previously published AGEs, but the crystal did not contain the dimers that have previously been reported. The previously proposed `back-to-back' assembly involved the face of the AGE monomer where the barrel helices are connected by small loops. Instead, a `front-to-front' dimer was found in nAGE10 involving the long loops that connect the barrel helices at this end. This assembly is also present in the other AGE structures, but was attributed to crystal packing, even though the `front' interface areas are larger and are more conserved than the `back' interface areas. In addition, the front-to-front association allows a better explanation of the previously reported observations considering surface cysteines. Together, these results indicate that the `front-to-front' dimer is the most probable biological assembly for AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Haglund Halsør
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulli Rothweiler
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Altermark
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Lin Uttakleiv Raeder
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Gutmann M, Bechold J, Seibel J, Meinel L, Lühmann T. Metabolic Glycoengineering of Cell-Derived Matrices and Cell Surfaces: A Combination of Key Principles and Step-by-Step Procedures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:215-233. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Bechold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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21
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Karengera E, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G, Henry O. Combining metabolic and process engineering strategies to improve recombinant glycoprotein production and quality. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7837-7851. [PMID: 28924963 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing recombinant protein production while ensuring a high and consistent protein quality remains a challenge in mammalian cell culture process development. In this work, we combined a nutrient substitution approach with a metabolic engineering strategy that improves glucose utilization efficiency. This combination allowed us to tackle both lactate and ammonia accumulation and investigate on potential synergistic effects on protein production and quality. To this end, HEK293 cells overexpressing the pyruvate yeast carboxylase (PYC2) and their parental cells, both stably producing the therapeutic glycoprotein interferon α2b (IFNα2b), were cultured in media deprived of glutamine but containing chosen substitutes. Among the tested substitutes, pyruvate led to the best improvement in growth (integral of viable cell density) for both cell lines in batch cultures, whereas the culture of PYC2 cells without neither glutamine nor any substitute displayed surprisingly enhanced IFNα2b production. The drastic reduction in both lactate and ammonia in the cultures translated into extended high viability conditions and an increase in recombinant protein titer by up to 47% for the parental cells and the PYC2 cells. Product characterization performed by surface plasmon resonance biosensing using Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin revealed that the increase in yield was however accompanied by a reduction in the degree of sialylation of the product. Supplementing cultures with glycosylation precursors and a cofactor were effective at counterbalancing the lack of glutamine and allowed improvement in IFNα2b quality as evaluated by lectin affinity. Our study provides a strategy to reconcile protein productivity and quality and highlights the advantages of PYC2-overexpressing cells in glutamine-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Karengera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
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22
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Mathew MP, Tan E, Labonte JW, Shah S, Saeui CT, Liu L, Bhattacharya R, Bovonratwet P, Gray JJ, Yarema KJ. Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1204-1215. [PMID: 28218815 PMCID: PMC5757160 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Elaine Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Jason W. Labonte
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shivam Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Christopher T. Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Patawut Bovonratwet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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24
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N-acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase from Pedobacter heparinus: First Experimental Evidence of a Deprotonation/Reprotonation Mechanism. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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25
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Clément L, Macé C. Le ManNAc, une nouvelle thérapie dans la néphropathie à lésions glomérulaires minimes. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:606-11. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163206024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Protein Kinase A Activation Promotes Cancer Cell Resistance to Glucose Starvation and Anoikis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005931. [PMID: 26978032 PMCID: PMC4792400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often rely on glycolysis to obtain energy and support anabolic growth. Several studies showed that glycolytic cells are susceptible to cell death when subjected to low glucose availability or to lack of glucose. However, some cancer cells, including glycolytic ones, can efficiently acquire higher tolerance to glucose depletion, leading to their survival and aggressiveness. Although increased resistance to glucose starvation has been shown to be a consequence of signaling pathways and compensatory metabolic routes activation, the full repertoire of the underlying molecular alterations remain elusive. Using omics and computational analyses, we found that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-Protein Kinase A (cAMP-PKA) axis activation is fundamental for cancer cell resistance to glucose starvation and anoikis. Notably, here we show that such a PKA-dependent survival is mediated by parallel activation of autophagy and glutamine utilization that in concert concur to attenuate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and to sustain cell anabolism. Indeed, the inhibition of PKA-mediated autophagy or glutamine metabolism increased the level of cell death, suggesting that the induction of autophagy and metabolic rewiring by PKA is important for cancer cellular survival under glucose starvation. Importantly, both processes actively participate to cancer cell survival mediated by suspension-activated PKA as well. In addition we identify also a PKA/Src mechanism capable to protect cancer cells from anoikis. Our results reveal for the first time the role of the versatile PKA in cancer cells survival under chronic glucose starvation and anoikis and may be a novel potential target for cancer treatment. Tumor heterogeneity exists in many human cancers, and it has been shown that it can play a role in tumor progression. Indeed, cell diversity may be critically important when tumors experience selective pressures, like nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, chemotherapy. PKA, through incompletely understood mechanisms, controls several cellular processes like cell growth, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, cell migration and, as more recently observed, also cancer progression. In this work, we show that activation of PKA induces the ability of a cancer cell sub-population to survive under strong stress conditions namely nutrient deprivation and cell detachment. Indeed, PKA activation in these cells results in autophagy induction, and at the same time, in activation of glutamine metabolism and Src kinase. Importantly, blocking directly the PKA pathway, as well as the autophagy, the glutamine metabolism or the Src pathway by inhibitory drugs, almost completely prevents cell growth of this sub-population of resistant cancer cells. These results suggest that drugs, targeting especially PKA pathway as well as downstream processes like autophagy, glutamine metabolism and Src signaling, may specifically inhibit cancer cells ability to survive under selective pressure favoring cancer resistance.
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Büll C, Heise T, Beurskens DMH, Riemersma M, Ashikov A, Rutjes FPJT, van Kuppevelt TH, Lefeber DJ, den Brok MH, Adema GJ, Boltje TJ. Sialic Acid Glycoengineering Using an Unnatural Sialic Acid for the Detection of Sialoglycan Biosynthesis Defects and On-Cell Synthesis of Siglec Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2353-63. [PMID: 26258433 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sialoglycans play a vital role in physiology, and aberrant sialoglycan expression is associated with a broad spectrum of diseases. Since biosynthesis of sialoglycans is only partially regulated at the genetic level, chemical tools are crucial to study their function. Here, we report the development of propargyloxycarbonyl sialic acid (Ac5NeuNPoc) as a powerful tool for sialic acid glycoengineering. Ac5NeuNPoc showed strongly increased labeling efficiency and exhibited less toxicity compared to those of widely used mannosamine analogues in vitro and was also more efficiently incorporated into sialoglycans in vivo. Unlike mannosamine analogues, Ac5NeuNPoc was exclusively utilized in the sialoglycan biosynthesis pathway, allowing a genetic defect in sialic acid biosynthesis to be specifically detected. Furthermore, Ac5NeuNPoc-based sialic acid glycoengineering enabled the on-cell synthesis of high-affinity Siglec-7 ligands and the identification of a novel Siglec-2 ligand. Thus, Ac5NeuNPoc glycoengineering is a highly efficient, nontoxic, and selective approach to study and modulate sialoglycan interactions on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torben Heise
- Cluster
for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Cluster
for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Cluster
for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, Mathew MP, Li CZ, Djansugurova LB, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Nutrient-deprived cancer cells preferentially use sialic acid to maintain cell surface glycosylation. Biomaterials 2015; 70:23-36. [PMID: 26295436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by abnormal energy metabolism shaped by nutrient deprivation that malignant cells experience during various stages of tumor development. This study investigated the response of nutrient-deprived cancer cells and their non-malignant counterparts to sialic acid supplementation and found that cells utilize negligible amounts of this sugar for energy. Instead cells use sialic acid to maintain cell surface glycosylation through complementary mechanisms. First, levels of key metabolites (e.g., UDP-GlcNAc and CMP-Neu5Ac) required for glycan biosynthesis are maintained or enhanced upon Neu5Ac supplementation. In concert, sialyltransferase expression increased at both the mRNA and protein levels, which facilitated increased sialylation in biochemical assays that measure sialyltransferase activity as well as at the whole cell level. In the course of these experiments, several important differences emerged that differentiated the cancer cells from their normal counterparts including resistant to sialic acid-mediated energy depletion, consistently more robust sialic acid-mediated glycan display, and distinctive cell surface vs. internal vesicle display of newly-produced sialoglycans. Finally, the impact of sialic acid supplementation on specific markers implicated in cancer progression was demonstrated by measuring levels of expression and sialylation of EGFR1 and MUC1 as well as the corresponding function of sialic acid-supplemented cells in migration assays. These findings both provide fundamental insight into the biological basis of sialic acid supplementation of nutrient-deprived cancer cells and open the door to the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Leyla B Djansugurova
- Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, Al-Farabi Ave, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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29
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Lu M, Williamson N, Boschetti C, Ellis T, Yoshimi T, Tunnacliffe A. Expression-level dependent perturbation of cell proteostasis and nuclear morphology by aggregation-prone polyglutamine proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1883-92. [PMID: 25854808 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a gene expression system for use in mammalian cells that yields reproducible, inducible gene expression that can be modulated within the physiological range. A synthetic promoter library was generated from which representatives were selected that gave weak, intermediate-strength or strong promoter activity. Each promoter resulted in a tight expression range when used to drive single-copy reporter genes integrated at the same genome location in stable cell lines, in contrast to the broad range of expression typical of transiently transfected cells. To test this new expression system in neurodegenerative disease models, we used each promoter type to generate cell lines carrying single-copy genes encoding polyglutamine-containing proteins. Expression over a period of up to three months resulted in a proportion of cells developing juxtanuclear aggresomes whose rate of formation, penetrance, and morphology were expression-level dependent. At the highest expression levels, fibrillar aggregates deposit close to the nuclear envelope, indicating that cell proteostasis is overwhelmed by misfolded protein species. We also observed expression-level dependent, abnormal nuclear morphology in cells containing aggresomes, with up to ∼80% of cells affected. This system constitutes a valuable tool in gene regulation at different levels and allows the quantitative assessment of gene expression effects when developing disease models or investigating cell function through the introduction of gene constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Williamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Boschetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuya Yoshimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Tunnacliffe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom.
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Nagel AK, Ball LE. Intracellular protein O-GlcNAc modification integrates nutrient status with transcriptional and metabolic regulation. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 126:137-66. [PMID: 25727147 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inducible, nutrient-sensitive posttranslational modification of protein Ser/Thr residues with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) occurs on histones, transcriptional regulators, metabolic enzymes, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and many critical intermediates of growth factor signaling. Cycling of O-GlcNAc modification on and off of protein substrates is catalyzed by the actions of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. To date, there are less than 150 publications addressing the role of O-GlcNAc modification in cancer and over half were published in the last 2 years. These studies have clearly established that increased expression of OGT and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation is common to human cancers of breast, prostate, colon, lung, and pancreas. Furthermore, attenuating OGT activity reduces tumor growth in vitro and metastasis in vivo. This chapter discusses the structure and function of the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes, mechanisms by which protein O-GlcNAc modification sense changes in nutrient status, the influence of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes on glucose metabolism, and provides an overview of recent observations regarding the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer.
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31
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Polyhydroyxalkanoate synthase fusions as a strategy for oriented enzyme immobilisation. Molecules 2014; 19:8629-43. [PMID: 24962396 PMCID: PMC6271518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a carbon storage polymer produced by certain bacteria in unbalanced nutrient conditions. The PHA forms spherical inclusions surrounded by granule associate proteins including the PHA synthase (PhaC). Recently, the intracellular formation of PHA granules with covalently attached synthase from Ralstonia eutropha has been exploited as a novel strategy for oriented enzyme immobilisation. Fusing the enzyme of interest to PHA synthase results in a bifunctional protein able to produce PHA granules and immobilise the active enzyme of choice to the granule surface. Functionalised PHA granules can be isolated from the bacterial hosts, such as Escherichia coli, and maintain enzymatic activity in a wide variety of assay conditions. This approach to oriented enzyme immobilisation has produced higher enzyme activities and product levels than non-oriented immobilisation techniques such as protein inclusion based particles. Here, enzyme immobilisation via PHA synthase fusion is reviewed in terms of the genetic designs, the choices of enzymes, the control of enzyme orientations, as well as their current and potential applications.
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32
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Chemoselective coupling of sugar oximes and α-ketoacids to glycosyl amides and N-glycopeptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-inducible gene GIG2 is a novel component of GlcNAc metabolism in Candida albicans. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2013; 13:66-76. [PMID: 24186949 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00244-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that resides in the human body as a commensal and can turn pathogenic when the host is immunocompromised. Adaptation of C. albicans to host niche-specific conditions is important for the establishment of pathogenicity, where the ability of C. albicans to utilize multiple carbon sources provides additional flexibility. One alternative sugar is N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which is now established as an important carbon source for many pathogens and can also act as a signaling molecule. Although GlcNAc catabolism has been well studied in many pathogens, the importance of several enzymes involved in the formation of metabolic intermediates still remains elusive. In this context, microarray analysis was carried out to investigate the transcriptional responses induced by GlcNAc under different conditions. A novel gene that was highly upregulated immediately following the GlcNAc catabolic genes was identified and was named GIG2 (GlcNAc-induced gene 2). This gene is regulated in a manner distinct from that of the GlcNAc-induced genes described previously in that GlcNAc metabolism is essential for its induction. Furthermore, this gene is involved in the metabolism of N-acetylneuraminate (sialic acid), a molecule equally important for initial host-pathogen recognition. Mutant cells showed a considerable decrease in fungal burden in mouse kidneys and were hypersensitive to oxidative stress conditions. Since GIG2 is also present in many other fungal and enterobacterial genomes, targeted inhibition of its activity would offer insight into the treatment of candidiasis and other fungal or enterobacterial infections.
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Hayakawa K, Hirosawa M, Tabei Y, Arai D, Tanaka S, Murakami N, Yagi S, Shiota K. Epigenetic switching by the metabolism-sensing factors in the generation of orexin neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17099-110. [PMID: 23625921 PMCID: PMC3682516 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The orexin system plays a central role in the integration of sleep/wake and feeding behaviors in a broad spectrum of neural-metabolic physiology. Orexin-A and orexin-B are produced by the cleavage of prepro-orexin, which is encoded on the Hcrt gene. To date, methods for generating other peptide neurons could not induce orexin neurons from pluripotent stem cells. Considering that the metabolic status affects orexin expression, we supplemented the culture medium with a nutrient factor, ManNAc, and succeeded in generating functional orexin neurons from mouse ES cells. Because DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors could induce Hcrt expression in mouse ES cells, the epigenetic mechanism may be involved in this orexin neurogenesis. DNA methylation analysis showed the presence of a tissue-dependent differentially methylated region (T-DMR) around the transcription start site of the Hcrt gene. In the orexin neurons induced by supplementation of ManNAc, the T-DMR of the Hcrt gene was hypomethylated in association with higher H3/H4 acetylation. Concomitantly, the histone acetyltransferases p300, CREB-binding protein (CBP), and Mgea5 (also called O-GlcNAcase) were localized to the T-DMR in the orexin neurons. In non-orexin-expressing cells, H3/H4 hypoacetylation and hyper-O-GlcNAc modification were observed at the T-DMRs occupied by O-GlcNAc transferase and Sirt1. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the glucose metabolite, ManNAc, induces switching from the inactive state by Ogt-Sirt1 to the active state by Mgea5, p300, and CBP at the Hcrt gene locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hayakawa
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
| | - Mitsuko Hirosawa
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
| | - Yasuyuki Tabei
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
| | - Daisuke Arai
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
| | - Noboru Murakami
- the Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
| | - Kunio Shiota
- From the Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan and
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Bioengineering of bacterial polymer inclusions catalyzing the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3116-21. [PMID: 23455347 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03947-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is produced by alkaline epimerization of N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylmannosamine and then subsequent condensation with pyruvate catalyzed by free N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase. The high-alkaline conditions of this process result in the degradation of reactants and products, while the purification of free enzymes to be used for the synthesis reaction is a costly process. The use of N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase has been seen as an alternative to the alkaline epimerization process. In this study, these two enzymes involved in N-acetylneuraminic acid production were immobilized to biopolyester beads in vivo in a one-step, cost-efficient process of production and isolation. Beads with epimerase-only, aldolase-only, and combined epimerase/aldolase activity were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli. The enzymatic activities were 32 U, 590 U, and 2.2 U/420 U per gram dry bead weight, respectively. Individual beads could convert 18% and 77% of initial GlcNAc and ManNAc, respectively, at high substrate concentrations and near-neutral pH, demonstrating the application of this biobead technology to fine-chemical synthesis. Beads establishing the entire N-acetylneuraminic acid synthesis pathway were able to convert up to 22% of the initial N-acetylglucosamine after a 50-h reaction time into N-acetylneuraminic acid.
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36
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Artificial and natural sialic acid precursors influence the angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Molecules 2013; 18:2571-86. [PMID: 23442933 PMCID: PMC6269824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) represents the most common terminal carbohydrate residue in many mammalian glycoconjugates and is directly involved in a number of different physiological as well as pathological cellular processes. Endogenous sialic acids derive from the biosynthetic precursor molecule N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc). Interestingly, N-acyl-analogues of D-mannosamine (ManN) can also be incorporated and converted into corresponding artificial sialic acids by eukaryotic cells. Within this study, we optimized a protocol for the chemical synthesis of various peracetylated ManN derivatives resulting in yields of approximately 100%. Correct molecular structures of the obtained products ManNAc, N-propanoyl-ManN (ManNProp) and N-butyl-ManN (ManNBut) were verified by GC-, ESI-MS- and NMR-analyses. By applying these substances to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we could show that each derivative was metabolized to the corresponding N-acylneuraminic acid variant and subsequently incorporated into nascent glycoproteins. To investigate whether natural and/or artificial sialic acid precursors are able to modulate the angiogenic capacity of HUVECs, a spheroid assay was performed. By this means, an increase in total capillary length has been observed when cells incorporated N-butylneuraminic acid (Neu5But) into their glycoconjugates. In contrast, the natural precursor ManNAc inhibited the growth of capillaries. Thus, sialic acid precursors may represent useful agents to modulate blood vessel formation.
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Laurent S, Burtea C, Thirifays C, Rezaee F, Mahmoudi M. Significance of cell “observer” and protein source in nanobiosciences. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 392:431-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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38
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Hinderlich S, Weidemann W, Yardeni T, Horstkorte R, Huizing M. UDP-GlcNAc 2-Epimerase/ManNAc Kinase (GNE): A Master Regulator of Sialic Acid Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 366:97-137. [PMID: 23842869 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase is the key enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis in vertebrates. It catalyzes the first two steps of the cytosolic formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. In this review we give an overview of structure, biochemistry, and genetics of the bifunctional enzyme and its complex regulation. Furthermore, we will focus on diseases related to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hinderlich
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany,
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39
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Bergfeld AK, Pearce OMT, Diaz SL, Pham T, Varki A. Metabolism of vertebrate amino sugars with N-glycolyl groups: elucidating the intracellular fate of the non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28865-81. [PMID: 22692205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.363549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The two major mammalian sialic acids are N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The only known biosynthetic pathway generating Neu5Gc is the conversion of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid into CMP-Neu5Gc, which is catalyzed by the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase enzyme. Given the irreversible nature of this reaction, there must be pathways for elimination or degradation of Neu5Gc, which would allow animal cells to adjust Neu5Gc levels to their needs. Although humans are incapable of synthesizing Neu5Gc due to an inactivated CMAH gene, exogenous Neu5Gc from dietary sources can be metabolically incorporated into tissues in the face of an anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. However, the metabolic turnover of Neu5Gc, which apparently prevents human cells from continued accumulation of this immunoreactive sialic acid, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that pre-loaded Neu5Gc is eliminated from human cells over time, and we propose a conceivable Neu5Gc-degrading pathway based on the well studied metabolism of N-acetylhexosamines. We demonstrate that murine tissue cytosolic extracts harbor the enzymatic machinery to sequentially convert Neu5Gc into N-glycolylmannosamine, N-glycolylglucosamine, and N-glycolylglucosamine 6-phosphate, whereupon irreversible de-N-glycolylation of the latter results in the ubiquitous metabolites glycolate and glucosamine 6-phosphate. We substantiate this finding by demonstrating activity of recombinant human enzymes in vitro and by studying the fate of radiolabeled pathway intermediates in cultured human cells, suggesting that this pathway likely occurs in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed degradative pathway is partially reversible, showing that N-glycolylmannosamine and N-glycolylglucosamine (but not glycolate) can serve as precursors for biosynthesis of endogenous Neu5Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bergfeld
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
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N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase from Anabaena sp. CH1 contains a novel ATP-binding site required for catalytic activity. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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42
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Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering: implications for selectin-mediated adhesion and leukocyte extravasation. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:806-15. [PMID: 22037949 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering is an emerging technology wherein non-natural monosaccharide analogs are exogenously supplied to living cells and are biosynthetically incorporated into cell surface glycans. A recently reported application of this methodology employs fluorinated analogs of ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc to modulate selectin-mediated adhesion associated with leukocyte extravasation and cancer cell metastasis. This monograph outlines possible mechanisms underlying the altered adhesion observed in analog-treated cells; these range from the most straightforward explanation (e.g., structural changes to the selectin ligands ablate interaction with their receptors) to the alternative mechanism where the analogs inhibit or otherwise perturb ligand production to more indirect mechanisms (e.g., changes to the biophysical properties of the selectin binding partner, the nanoenviroment of the binding partners, or the entire cell surface).
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Sola-Carvajal A, Sánchez-Carrón G, García-García MI, García-Carmona F, Sánchez-Ferrer Á. Properties of BoAGE2, a second N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase from Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483. Biochimie 2011; 94:222-30. [PMID: 22051376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
N-Acyl-D-Glucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE) catalyzes the reversible epimerization between N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 shows 3 putative genes for AGE activity (BACOVA_00274, BACOVA_01795 and BACOVA_01816). The BACOVA_00274 gene encodes an AGE (BoAGE1) with strong similarity to the AGE previously characterized in Bacteroides fragilis. Interestingly, the BACOVA_01816 gene (BoAGE2) shares 57% identity with Anabaena sp. CH1 AGE, but has an extra 27-amino acid tag sequence in the N-terminal. When cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)pLys, BACOVA_01816 was able to convert ManNAc into GlcNAc and vice versa. It was stable over a broad range of pHs and its activity was enhanced by ATP (20 μM). The incubation with ATP stabilized its structure, raising its melting temperature by about 8 °C. In addition, the catalytic efficiency for ManNAc synthesis was higher than that for GlcNAc synthesis. These characteristics make BoAGE2 a promising biocatalyst for sialic acid production using cheap GlcNAc as starting material. BoAGE2 could be considered a Renin-binding Protein and its interaction with renin was studied for the first time in a prokaryotic AGE. Surprisingly, renin activated BoAGE2, an effect which is contrary to that described for mammalian AGE and unrelated with the unique N-terminal tag, since a mutant without this tag was also activated by renin. When BoAGE2 sequence was compared with other related (real and putative) AGE described in the databases, it was seen that AGE enzymes can be divided in 3 different groups. The relationship between these groups is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Sola-Carvajal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 MURCIA, Spain
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Chugh SS, Clement LC, Macé C. New insights into human minimal change disease: lessons from animal models. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 59:284-92. [PMID: 21974967 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD), considered to be the simplest form of nephrotic syndrome, has been one of the major unsolved mysteries in kidney disease. In this review, recent landmark studies that have led to the unraveling of MCD are discussed. A recent study now explains the molecular basis of major clinical and morphologic changes in MCD. Overproduction of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in podocytes in MCD causes binding of ANGPTL4 to the glomerular basement membrane, development of nephrotic-range selective proteinuria, diffuse effacement of foot processes, and loss of glomerular basement membrane charge, but is not associated with changes shown by light microscopy in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments. At least some of this ability of ANGPTL4 to induce proteinuria is linked to a deficiency of sialic acid residues because oral supplementation with sialic acid precursor N-acetyl-d-mannosamine improves sialylation of podocyte-secreted ANGPTL4 and significantly decreases proteinuria. Animal models of MCD, recent advances in potential biomarkers, and studies of upstream factors that may initiate glomerular changes also are discussed. In summary, recent progress in understanding MCD is likely to influence the diagnosis and treatment of MCD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumant S Chugh
- Glomerular Disease Therapeutics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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Bond MR, Zhang H, Kim J, Yu SH, Yang F, Patrie SM, Kohler JJ. Metabolism of diazirine-modified N-acetylmannosamine analogues to photo-cross-linking sialosides. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1811-23. [PMID: 21838313 DOI: 10.1021/bc2002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Terminal sialic acid residues often mediate the interactions of cell surface glycoconjugates. Sialic acid-dependent interactions typically exhibit rapid dissociation rates, precluding the use of traditional biological techniques for complex isolation. To stabilize these transient interactions, we employ a targeted photo-cross-linking approach in which a diazirine photo-cross-linker is incorporated into cell surface sialylated glycoconjugates through the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. We describe three diazirine-modified N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogues in which the length of the linker between the pyranose ring and the diazirine was varied. These analogues were each metabolized to their respective sialic acid counterparts, which were added to both glycoproteins and glycolipids. Diazirine-modified sialic acid analogues could be incorporated into both α2-3 and α2-6 linkages. Upon exposure to UV irradiation, diazirine-modified glycoconjugates were covalently cross-linked to their interaction partners. We demonstrate that all three diazirine-modified analogues were capable of competing with endogeneous sialic acid, albeit to varying degrees. We found that larger analogues were less efficiently metabolized, yet could still function as effective cross-linkers. Notably, the addition of the diazirine substituent interferes with metabolism of ManNAc analogues to glycans other than sialosides, providing fidelity to selectively incorporate the cross-linker into sialylated molecules. These compounds are nontoxic and display only minimal growth inhibition at the concentrations required for cross-linking studies. This report provides essential information for the deployment of photo-cross-linking analogues to capture and study ephemeral, yet essential, sialic acid-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Bond
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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Chemical reporters for fluorescent detection and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins reveal glycosylation of the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8146-51. [PMID: 21540332 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102458108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by the monosaccharide N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) continues to emerge as an important regulator of many biological processes. Herein we describe the development of an alkynyl-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNAlk) as a new chemical reporter of O-GlcNAc modification in living cells. This strategy is based on metabolic incorporation of reactive functionality into the GlcNAc biosynthetic pathway. When combined with the Cu(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition, this chemical reporter allowed for the robust in-gel fluorescent visualization of O-GlcNAc and affinity enrichment and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins. Using in-gel fluorescence detection, we characterized the metabolic fates of GlcNAlk and the previously reported azido analog, GlcNAz. We confirmed previous results that GlcNAz can be metabolically interconverted to GalNAz, whereas GlcNAlk does not, thereby yielding a more specific metabolic reporter of O-GlcNAc modification. We also used GlcNAlk, in combination with a biotin affinity tag, to identify 374 proteins, 279 of which were not previously reported, and we subsequently confirmed the enrichment of three previously uncharacterized proteins. Finally we confirmed the O-GlcNAc modification of the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1, the first reported glycosylation of this protein.
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Bond MR, Whitman CM, Kohler JJ. Metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sialic acid covalently captures a ganglioside-protein complex. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1796-9. [PMID: 20625600 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
When photoirradiated, an unnatural sialic acid analog can covalently capture the complex formed by ganglioside GM1 and cholera toxin subunit B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Bond
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9185, USA.
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Development of delivery methods for carbohydrate-based drugs: controlled release of biologically-active short chain fatty acid-hexosamine analogs. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:445-59. [PMID: 20458533 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are attractive candidates for drug development because sugars are involved in many, if not most, complex human diseases including cancer, immune dysfunction, congenital disorders, and infectious diseases. Unfortunately, potential therapeutic benefits of sugar-based drugs are offset by poor pharmacologic properties that include rapid serum clearance, poor cellular uptake, and relatively high concentrations required for efficacy. To address these issues, pilot studies are reported here where 'Bu(4)ManNAc', a short chain fatty acid-monosaccharide hybrid molecule with anti-cancer activities, was encapsulated in polyethylene glycol-sebacic acid (PEG-SA) polymers. Sustained release of biologically active compound was achieved for over a week from drug-laden polymer formulated into microparticles thus offering a dramatic improvement over the twice daily administration currently used for in vivo studies. In a second strategy, a tributanoylated ManNAc analog (3,4,6-O-Bu(3)ManNAc) with anti-cancer activities was covalently linked to PEG-SA and formulated into nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery; once again release of biologically active compound was demonstrated.
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Yu SH, Bond MR, Whitman CM, Kohler JJ. Metabolic labeling of glycoconjugates with photocrosslinking sugars. Methods Enzymol 2010; 478:541-62. [PMID: 20816498 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)78026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions play essential roles in a variety of biological processes. This class of interactions is particularly important in development, immunology, infection, and carcinogenesis. However, the transient nature of glycan-dependent interactions hampers efforts to detect and characterize these complexes. Photocrosslinking is emerging as a powerful tool to discover and study glycan-dependent complexes. Through the use of photocrosslinking groups, UV irradiation can be employed to introduce a covalent bond between two transiently interacting molecules. Here we describe the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering to incorporate a photocrosslinkable sugar into cellular glycoconjugates and the use of this photocrosslinker to covalently capture glycan-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ho Yu
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Ito S. Catalysis, Structures, and Applications of Carbohydrate Epimerases. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2010. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.57.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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