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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Puig N, Rives J, Gil-Millan P, Miñambres I, Ginel A, Tauron M, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Hernández-Guillamon M, Pérez A, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Benitez S. Apolipoprotein J protects cardiomyocytes from lipid-mediated inflammation and cytotoxicity induced by the epicardial adipose tissue of diabetic patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116779. [PMID: 38776681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients present increased volume and functional alterations in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). We aimed to analyze EAT from type 2 diabetic patients and the inflammatory and cytotoxic effects induced on cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we analyzed the cardioprotective role of apolipoprotein J (apoJ). EAT explants were obtained from nondiabetic patients (ND), diabetic patients without coronary disease (DM), and DM patients with coronary disease (DM-C) after heart surgery. Morphological characteristics and gene expression were evaluated. Explants were cultured for 24 h and the content of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and sphingolipid species in secretomes was evaluated by lipidomic analysis. Afterwards, secretomes were added to AC16 human cardiomyocytes for 24 h in the presence or absence of cardioprotective molecules (apoJ and HDL). Cytokine release and apoptosis/necrosis were assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. The EAT from the diabetic samples showed altered expression of genes related to lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The secretomes from the DM samples presented an increased ratio of pro/antiatherogenic ceramide (Cer) species, while those from DM-C contained the highest concentration of saturated NEFA. DM and DM-C secretomes promoted inflammation and cytotoxicity on AC16 cardiomyocytes. Exogenous Cer16:0, Cer24:1, and palmitic acid reproduced deleterious effects in AC16 cells. These effects were attenuated by exogenous apoJ. Diabetic secretomes promoted inflammation and cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. This effect was exacerbated in the secretomes of the DM-C samples. The increased content of specific NEFA and ceramide species seems to play a key role in inducing such deleterious effects, which are attenuated by apoJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Puig
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - José Rives
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Pedro Gil-Millan
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and IR-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inka Miñambres
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and IR-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonino Ginel
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and IR-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Tauron
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and IR-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luís Sánchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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Rustamov J, Roh YS, Hong JT, Yoo HS. GT-11 impairs insulin signaling through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in C2C12 myotubes. Life Sci 2024; 342:122534. [PMID: 38408637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Sphingolipids are involved in the regulation of insulin signaling, which is linked to the development of insulin resistance, leading to diabetes mellitus. We aimed to study whether modulation of sphingolipid levels by GT-11 may regulate insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes. MAIN METHODS We investigated the effects of sphingolipid metabolism on Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake using C2C12 myotubes. Either GT-11, an inhibitor of dihydroceramide desaturase 1 and S1P lyase, or siRNA targeting Sgpl1, the gene encoding the enzyme, was employed to determine the effect of sphingolipid metabolism modulation on insulin signaling. Western blotting and glucose uptake assays were used to evaluate the effect of treatments on insulin signaling. Sphingolipid metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). KEY FINDINGS Treatment with GT-11 resulted in decreased Akt phosphorylation and reduced glucose uptake. Silencing the Sgpl1 gene, which encodes S1P lyase, mimicked these findings, suggesting the potential for regulating insulin signaling through S1P lyase modulation. GT-11 modulated sphingolipid metabolism, inducing the accumulation of sphingolipids. Using PF-543 and ARN14974 to inhibit sphingosine kinases and acid ceramidase, respectively, we identified a significant interplay between sphingosine, S1P lyase, and insulin signaling. Treatment with either exogenous sphingosine or palmitic acid inhibited Akt phosphorylation, and reduced S1P lyase activity. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight the importance of close relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes, pointing to its potential therapeutic relevance for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javokhir Rustamov
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Yu G, Sun M, Zhang T, Xu H, Wang J, Ye W, Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang C, Sun Y. Lanhuashen stimulates the positive cross-regulation mediated by the S1P axis to ameliorate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism induced by the high sucrose diet in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117248. [PMID: 37804923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herba Wanlenbergiae, named 'Lanhuashen' (LHS) in Chinese, is derived from the dried herba of Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) A.DC. It is an abundant resource that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over 600 years. LHS has the effects of enriching consumptive disease and relieving deficient heat, consistent with the therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in TCM. As the basic remedy of Yulan Jiangtang capsules, a listed Chinese medicine specifically for treating T2DM, LHS is a potential candidate for an anti-T2DM drug. However, due to the lack of pharmacodynamic studies and chemical component analysis, the application and development of LHS as a treatment for T2DM have been hindered. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the regulation of the disorder of glucolipid metabolism using LHS extracts and its therapeutic potential in T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical components in LHS extracts were analysed using UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Subsequently, high sucrose diet (HSD)-induced Drosophila melanogaster were used as suitable models for T2DM in vivo. Behavioural and biochemical tests were performed to evaluate the regulation of the disorder of glucolipid metabolism using LHS in T2DM flies. Furthermore, integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was applied to reveal the specific effects of LHS extracts on metabolites and genes. Meanwhile, bioinformatic analysis was carried out to predict the targeted transcription factors (TFs) and potentially effective components of LHS extracts. RESULTS We redefined the chemical profile of LHS with 76 identified chemical components, including 65 chemical components for the first time. As indicated by decreased trehalose, glucose and triglyceride levels and increased total protein levels, LHS extracts were perceived to alleviate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism in HSD-induced T2DM fruit flies. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that LHS extracts eliminated the accumulation of sphingolipids and subsequently stimulated the positive cross-regulation mediated by the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) axis, resulting in the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway and inhibition of lysosome-mediated apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the upstream TFs, transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-5 (TEAD3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), were the potential targets of atractylenolide III, dihydrokaempferol and syringaldehyde, the potentially effective components of LHS extracts. Therefore, this TF network was plausibly the basis for the efficacy. CONCLUSIONS LHS extracts broadly modulated TF-dependent gene expression and subsequently stimulated the positive cross-regulation mediated by the S1P axis to ameliorate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism. Our study provides critical evidence considering LHS as a potential drug candidate for T2DM, inspiring the discovery and development of innovative therapeutic agents based on the cross-regulation mediated by the S1P axis for treating T2DM and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyuan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Mo Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Tonghua Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Haoran Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Wanting Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Yikun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Moreira R, Martins AD, Ferreira R, Alves MG, Pereira MDL, Oliveira PF. Impact of Chromium Picolinate on Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis and Antioxidant Balance Using an In Vitro Insulin Resistance Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 38247463 PMCID: PMC10812815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells (LCs) play a pivotal role in male fertility, producing testosterone. Chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic3), a contentious supplement with antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, raises concerns regarding male fertility. Using a rodent LC line, we investigated the cytotoxicity of increasing CrPic3 doses. An insulin resistance (IR) model was established using palmitate (PA), and LCs were further exposed to CrPic3 to assess its antioxidant/antidiabetic activities. An exometabolome analysis was performed using 1H-NMR. Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were evaluated via immunoblot. Steroidogenesis was assessed by quantifying androstenedione through ELISA. Our results uncover the toxic effects of CrPic3 on LCs even at low doses under IR conditions. Furthermore, even under these IR conditions, CrPic3 fails to enhance glucose consumption but restores the expression of mitochondrial complexes CII and CIII, alleviating oxidative stress in LCs. While baseline androgen production remained unaffected, CrPic3 promoted androstenedione production in LCs in the presence of PA, suggesting that it promotes cholesterol conversion into androgenic intermediates in this context. This study highlights the need for caution with CrPic3 even at lower doses. It provides valuable insights into the intricate factors influencing LCs metabolism and antioxidant defenses, shedding light on potential benefits and risks of CrPic3, particularly in IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana D. Martins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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6
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Liao R, Babatunde A, Qiu S, Harikumar H, Coon JJ, Overmyer KA, Hannun YA, Luberto C, Bresnick EH. A transcriptional network governing ceramide homeostasis establishes a cytokine-dependent developmental process. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7262. [PMID: 37945603 PMCID: PMC10636182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms controlling developmental processes establish and maintain proteomic networks, which can govern the levels of intracellular small molecules. Although dynamic changes in bioactive small molecules can link transcription factor and genome activity with cell state transitions, many mechanistic questions are unresolved. Using quantitative lipidomics and multiomics, we discover that the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 establishes ceramide homeostasis during erythroid differentiation by regulating genes encoding sphingolipid metabolic enzymes. Inhibiting a GATA1-induced sphingolipid biosynthetic enzyme, delta(4)-desaturase, or disrupting ceramide homeostasis with cell-permeable dihydroceramide or ceramide is detrimental to erythroid, but not myeloid, progenitor activity. Coupled with genetic editing-based rewiring of the regulatory circuitry, we demonstrate that ceramide homeostasis commissions vital stem cell factor and erythropoietin signaling by opposing an inhibitory protein phosphatase 2A-dependent, dual-component mechanism. Integrating bioactive lipids as essential components of GATA factor mechanisms to control cell state transitions has implications for diverse cell and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liao
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abiola Babatunde
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie Qiu
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hamsini Harikumar
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Hammad SM, Lopes-Virella MF. Circulating Sphingolipids in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Associated Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14015. [PMID: 37762318 PMCID: PMC10531201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in the development of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the development of both micro- and macro-vascular complications. Several reviews have been published concerning the role of sphingolipids in diabetes but most of the emphasis has been on the possible mechanisms by which sphingolipids, mainly ceramides, contribute to the development of diabetes. Research on circulating levels of the different classes of sphingolipids in serum and in lipoproteins and their importance as biomarkers to predict not only the development of diabetes but also of its complications has only recently emerged and it is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the previously published literature concerning sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, focusing on how circulating plasma sphingolipid levels and the relative content carried by the different lipoproteins may impact their role as possible biomarkers both in the development of diabetes and mainly in the development of diabetic complications. Further studies in this field may open new therapeutic avenues to prevent or arrest/reduce both the development of diabetes and progression of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Ali-Berrada S, Guitton J, Tan-Chen S, Gyulkhandanyan A, Hajduch E, Le Stunff H. Circulating Sphingolipids and Glucose Homeostasis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12720. [PMID: 37628901 PMCID: PMC10454113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a family of lipid molecules produced through different pathways in mammals. Sphingolipids are structural components of membranes, but in response to obesity, they are implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, autophagy, and insulin resistance which favors dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Of all sphingolipids, two species, ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are also found abundantly secreted into the bloodstream and associated with lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles. Plasma concentrations of these sphingolipids can be altered upon metabolic disorders and could serve as predictive biomarkers of these diseases. Recent important advances suggest that circulating sphingolipids not only serve as biomarkers but could also serve as mediators in the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. In this review, advances of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ceramides and S1P association to lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles and how they could alter glucose metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ali-Berrada
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Guitton
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, 91400 Saclay, France;
| | - Sophie Tan-Chen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Gyulkhandanyan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, 91400 Saclay, France;
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9
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Tian X, Gao Y, Kong M, Zhao L, Xing E, Sun Q, He J, Lu Y, Feng Z. GLP‑1 receptor agonist protects palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells by up-regulating sestrin2 to promote autophagy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9446. [PMID: 37296162 PMCID: PMC10256699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether liraglutide could effectively reduce insulin resistance (IR) by regulating Sestrin2 (SESN2) expression in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells by examining its interactions with SESN2, autophagy, and IR. L6 cells were incubated with liraglutide (10-1000 nM) in the presence of palmitate (PA; 0.6 mM), and cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. IR-related and autophagy-related proteins were detected using western blotting, and IR and autophagy-related genes were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Silencing SESN2 was used to inhibit the activities of SESN2. A reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was observed in PA-treated L6 cells, confirming IR. Meanwhile, PA decreased the levels of GLUT4 and phosphorylation of Akt and affected SESN2 expression. Further investigation revealed that autophagic activity decreased following PA treatment, but that liraglutide reversed this PA-induced reduction in autophagic activity. Additionally, silencing SESN2 inhibited the ability of liraglutide to up-regulate the expression of IR-related proteins and activate autophagy signals. In summary, the data showed that liraglutide improved PA-induced IR in L6 myotubes by increasing autophagy mediated by SESN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.
| | - Mowei Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Enhong Xing
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Qitian Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jianqiu He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zengbin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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10
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Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Trinchese G, Catapano A, Petrella L, D'Angelo M, Lucchin L, Mollica MP. From Obesity-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation to Lipotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Altered Multi-Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Metabolically Active Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1172. [PMID: 37371902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and brain disorders. Growing evidence suggests the importance of inter-organ metabolic communication for the progression of obesity and the subsequent onset of related disorders. This review provides a broad overview of the pathophysiological processes that from adipose tissue dysfunction leading to altered multi-tissue crosstalk relevant to regulating energy homeostasis and the etiology of obesity. First, a comprehensive description of the role of adipose tissue was reported. Then, attention was turned toward the unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue, low-grade inflammatory state, metabolic inflexibility, and mitochondrial dysfunction as root causes of systemic metabolic alterations. In addition, a short spot was devoted to iron deficiency in obese conditions and the role of the hepcidin-ferroportin relationship in the management of this issue. Finally, different classes of bioactive food components were described with a perspective to enhance their potential preventive and therapeutic use against obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita D'Angelo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Lucchin
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Bolzano Health District, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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11
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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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12
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Rigamonti AE, Dei Cas M, Caroli D, De Col A, Cella SG, Paroni R, Sartorio A. Identification of a Specific Plasma Sphingolipid Profile in a Group of Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects: A Novel Approach for a "Biochemical" Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087451. [PMID: 37108620 PMCID: PMC10138812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is nosographically defined by using clinical diagnostic criteria such as those of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ones, including visceral adiposity, blood hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Due to the pathophysiological implications of the cardiometabolic risk of the obese subject, sphingolipids, measured in the plasma, might be used to biochemically support the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. A total of 84 participants, including normal-weight (NW) and obese subjects without (OB-SIMET-) and with (OB-SIMET+) metabolic syndrome, were included in the study, and sphingolipidomics, including ceramides (Cer), dihydroceramides (DHCer), hexosyl-ceramides (HexCer), lactosyl-ceramides (LacCer), sphingomyelins (SM) and GM3 ganglosides families, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its congeners, was performed in plasma. Only total DHCers and S1P were significantly higher in OB-SIMET+ than NW subjects (p < 0.05), while total Cers decreased in both obese groups, though statistical significance was reached only in OB-SIMET- (vs. NW) subjects (p < 0.05). When considering the comparisons of the single sphingolipid species in the obese groups (OB-SIMET- or OB-SIMET+) vs. NW subjects, Cer 24:0 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while Cer 24:1, DHCer 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 24:1, and SM 18:0, 18:1 and 24:1 were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, taking into account the same groups for comparison, HexCer 22:0 and 24:0, and GM3 22:0 and 24:0 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while HexCer 24:1 and S1P were significantly increased (p < 0.05). After having analyzed all data via a PLS-DA-based approach, the subsequent determination of the VIP scores evidenced the existence of a specific cluster of 15 sphingolipids endowed with a high discriminating performance (i.e., VIP score > 1.0) among the three groups, including DHCer 18:0, DHCer 24:1, Cer 18:0, HexCer 22:0, GM3 24:0, Cer C24:1, SM 18:1, SM 18:0, DHCer 18:1, HexCer 24:0, SM 24:1, S1P, SM 16:0, HexCer 24:1 and LacCer 22:0. After having run a series of multiple linear regressions, modeled by inserting each sphingolipid having a VIP score > 1.0 as a dependent variable, and waist circumference (WC), systolic/diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG) (surrogates of IDF criteria) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (a marker of inflammation) as independent variables, WC was significantly associated with DHCer 18:0, DHCer 24:1, Cer 18:0, HexCer 22:0, Cer 24:1, SM 18:1, and LacCer 22:0 (p < 0.05); SBP with Cer 18:0, Cer 24:1, and SM 18:0 (p < 0.05); HOMA-IR with DHCer 18:0, DHCer 24:1, Cer 18:0, Cer 24:1, SM 18:1, and SM 18:0 (p < 0.05); HDL with HexCer 22:0, and HexCer 24:0 (p < 0.05); TG with DHCer 18:1, DHCer 24:1, SM 18:1, and SM 16:0 (p < 0.05); CRP with DHCer 18:1, and SP1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a cluster of 15 sphingolipid species is able to discriminate, with high performance, NW, OB-SIMET- and OB-SIMET+ groups. Although (surrogates of) the IDF diagnostic criteria seem to predict only partially, but congruently, the observed sphingolipid signature, sphingolipidomics might represent a promising "biochemical" support for the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
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13
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Adipose tissue macrophages and their role in obesity-associated insulin resistance: an overview of the complex dynamics at play. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232519. [PMID: 36718668 PMCID: PMC10011338 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major global health concern, is characterized by serious imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leading to excess accumulation of fat in adipose tissue (AT). A state of chronic low-grade AT inflammation is prevalent during obesity. The adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) with astounding heterogeneity and complex regulation play a decisive role in mediating obesity-induced insulin resistance. Adipose-derived macrophages were broadly classified as proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes but recent reports have proclaimed several novel and intermediate profiles, which are crucial in understanding the dynamics of macrophage phenotypes during development of obesity. Lipid-laden hypertrophic adipocytes release various chemotactic signals that aggravate macrophage infiltration into AT skewing toward mostly proinflammatory status. The ratio of M1-like to M2-like macrophages is increased substantially resulting in copious secretion of proinflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, fetuin-A (FetA), etc. further worsening insulin resistance. Several AT-derived factors could influence ATM content and activation. Apart from being detrimental, ATM exerts beneficial effects during obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the prime role of AT-resident macrophage subpopulations in not only effective clearance of excess fat and dying adipocytes but also in controlling vascular integrity, adipocyte secretions, and fibrosis within obese AT. The role of ATM subpopulations as friend or foe is determined by an intricate interplay of such factors arising within hyperlipidemic microenvironment of obese AT. The present review article highlights some of the key research advances in ATM function and regulation, and appreciates the complex dynamics of ATM in the pathophysiologic scenario of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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14
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Fazakerley DJ, van Gerwen J, Cooke KC, Duan X, Needham EJ, Díaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Norris DM, Shun-Shion AS, Krycer JR, Burchfield JG, Yang P, Wade MR, Brozinick JT, James DE, Humphrey SJ. Phosphoproteomics reveals rewiring of the insulin signaling network and multi-nodal defects in insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:923. [PMID: 36808134 PMCID: PMC9938909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of metabolic tissues to appropriately respond to insulin ("insulin resistance") is an early marker in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Protein phosphorylation is central to the adipocyte insulin response, but how adipocyte signaling networks are dysregulated upon insulin resistance is unknown. Here we employ phosphoproteomics to delineate insulin signal transduction in adipocyte cells and adipose tissue. Across a range of insults causing insulin resistance, we observe a marked rewiring of the insulin signaling network. This includes both attenuated insulin-responsive phosphorylation, and the emergence of phosphorylation uniquely insulin-regulated in insulin resistance. Identifying dysregulated phosphosites common to multiple insults reveals subnetworks containing non-canonical regulators of insulin action, such as MARK2/3, and causal drivers of insulin resistance. The presence of several bona fide GSK3 substrates among these phosphosites led us to establish a pipeline for identifying context-specific kinase substrates, revealing widespread dysregulation of GSK3 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 partially reverses insulin resistance in cells and tissue explants. These data highlight that insulin resistance is a multi-nodal signaling defect that includes dysregulated MARK2/3 and GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mark R Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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15
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Sanches JM, Zhao LN, Salehi A, Wollheim CB, Kaldis P. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the impact of altered metabolic interorgan crosstalk. FEBS J 2023; 290:620-648. [PMID: 34847289 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide, reducing the quality of life significantly, and results in grave consequences for our health care system. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), the lack of β-cell compensatory mechanisms overcoming peripherally developed insulin resistance is a paramount factor leading to disturbed blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism. Impaired β-cell functions and insulin resistance have been studied extensively resulting in a good understanding of these pathways but much less is known about interorgan crosstalk, which we define as signaling between tissues by secreted factors. Besides hormones and organokines, dysregulated blood glucose and long-lasting hyperglycemia in T2D is associated with changes in metabolism with metabolites from different tissues contributing to the development of this disease. Recent data suggest that metabolites, such as lipids including free fatty acids and amino acids, play important roles in the interorgan crosstalk during the development of T2D. In general, metabolic remodeling affects physiological homeostasis and impacts the development of T2D. Hence, we highlight the importance of metabolic interorgan crosstalk in this review to gain enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of T2D, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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16
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Di Pietro P, Izzo C, Abate AC, Iesu P, Rusciano MR, Venturini E, Visco V, Sommella E, Ciccarelli M, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010168. [PMID: 36671552 PMCID: PMC9855992 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids' contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Carmelita Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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17
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Tranilast protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity via FoxO-1 inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:101. [PMID: 36596838 PMCID: PMC9810694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tranilast, an anti-allergic drug used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, was identified as an inhibitor of the transcription factor Forkhead box O-1 (FoxO-1) by high throughput chemical library screening in the present study. Based on FoxO-1's role in apoptotic cell death and differentiation, we examined the effect of tranilast on palmitic acid (PA)-induced cell damage in INS-1 cells. Tranilast substantially inhibited lipoapoptosis and restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under high PA exposure. Moreover, PA-mediated downregulation of PDX-1, MafA, and insulin expression was attenuated by tranilast. PA-induced oxidative and ER stress were also reduced in the presence of tranilast. These protective effects were accompanied by increased phosphorylation and decreased nuclear translocation of FoxO-1. Conversely, the effects of tranilast were diminished when treated in transfected cells with FoxO-1 phosphorylation mutant (S256A), suggesting that the tranilast-mediated effects are associated with inactivation of FoxO-1. Examination of the in vivo effects of tranilast using wild type and diabetic db/db mice showed improved glucose tolerance along with FoxO-1 inactivation in the pancreas of the tranilast-treated groups. Thus, we report here that tranilast has protective effects against PA-induced lipotoxic stress in INS-1 cells, at least partly, via FoxO-1 inactivation, which results in improved glucose tolerance in vivo.
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18
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Impact of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue Depots on the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214296. [PMID: 36430774 PMCID: PMC9695168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity with its associated complications represents a social, economic and health problem of utmost importance worldwide. Specifically, obese patients carry a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to nonobese individuals. Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to the impaired biological activity of the distinct adipose tissue depots in obesity, including secretion of proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to an unfavorable impact on the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes data relating to the contribution of the main adipose tissue depots, including both remote (i.e., intra-abdominal, hepatic, skeletal, pancreatic, renal, and mesenteric adipose fat), and cardiac (i.e., the epicardial fat) adipose locations, on the cardiovascular system. Finally, we discuss both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk through acting on adipose tissues, with particular attention to the epicardial fat.
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19
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Li H, Meng Y, He S, Tan X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Zheng W. Macrophages, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193001. [PMID: 36230963 PMCID: PMC9562180 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels, which is considered a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cardiovascular disease. Obesity-induced chronic, low-grade inflammation may lead to insulin resistance, and it is well-recognized that macrophages play a major role in such inflammation. In the current review, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophages, low-grade tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2D are described. Also, the role of macrophages in obesity-induced insulin resistance is presented, and therapeutic drugs and recent advances targeting macrophages for the treatment of T2D are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuwang He
- Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
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20
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Targeting Ceramides and Adiponectin Receptors in the Islet of Langerhans for Treating Diabetes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186117. [PMID: 36144859 PMCID: PMC9502927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides belong to the sphingolipid family and represent the central hub of the sphingolipid network. In obesity, oversupply of saturated fatty acids including palmitate raises ceramide levels which can be detrimental to cells. Elevated ceramides can cause insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies over the last few decades have highlighted the role played by ceramides in pancreatic islet β-cell apoptosis, especially under glucolipotoxic and inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on ceramides and adiponectin receptor signaling, summarizing recent advancements in our understanding of their roles in islet β-cells and the discovery of zinc-dependent lipid hydrolase (ceramidase) activity of adiponectin receptors. The therapeutic potential of targeting these events to prevent islet β-cell loss for treating diabetes is discussed.
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Sikorska-Wisniewska M, Mika A, Sledzinski T, Chmielewski M. Associations between Serum Saturated Fatty Acids Content and Mortality in Dialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175051. [PMID: 36078983 PMCID: PMC9457217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular mortality in dialysis population remains very high. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) contribute to atherosclerosis and to cardiovascular risk. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mortality in dialysis patients and the serum SFA content. Methods: Survival of 54 patients on dialysis was assessed. A total of 21 SFA from patients’ sera were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6. The SFA content is presented as fatty acid proportion (%). Results: During the observation time (median 66 months) 22 patients died. There was a significant relationship between elevated SFA (above SFA mean) and mortality (log-rank 3.13; p = 0.0017). Moreover, patients who ingested foods rich in SFA, according to FFQ-6, had a higher mortality risk (log-rank 2.24; p = 0.03). The hazard ratio for mortality associated with increased SFA content equalled 4.47 (1.63−12.26). Addition of age and inflammation (hsCRP > 5 mg/L) into the Cox model did not modify this relationship. However, SFA content turned out to be significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, as compared to patients free from these co-morbidities. Their addition to the model attenuated the relationship between SFA and mortality, making it statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The serum content of SFA turned out to be a strong predictor of mortality in dialysis patients. However, given the significant associations between SFA, DM, and CVD, interventional studies with controlled SFA intake are needed to evaluate the causal links between SFA, co-morbidities and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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22
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Leandro AC, Michael LF, Almeida M, Kuokkanen M, Huynh K, Giles C, Duong T, Diego VP, Duggirala R, Clarke GD, Blangero J, Meikle PJ, Curran JE. Influence of the Human Lipidome on Epicardial Fat Volume in Mexican American Individuals. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889985. [PMID: 35734277 PMCID: PMC9207321 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the US. Lipid dysregulation is a well-known precursor to metabolic diseases, including CVD. There is a growing body of literature that suggests MRI-derived epicardial fat volume, or epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, is linked to the development of coronary artery disease. Interestingly, epicardial fat is also actively involved in lipid and energy homeostasis, with epicardial adipose tissue having a greater capacity for release and uptake of free fatty acids. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the influence of plasma lipids on EAT volume. Aim The focus of this study is on the identification of novel lipidomic species associated with CMRI-derived measures of epicardial fat in Mexican American individuals. Methods We performed lipidomic profiling on 200 Mexican American individuals. High-throughput mass spectrometry enabled rapid capture of precise lipidomic profiles, providing measures of 799 unique species from circulating plasma samples. Because of our extended pedigree design, we utilized a standard quantitative genetic linear mixed model analysis to determine whether lipids were correlated with EAT by formally testing for association between each lipid species and the CMRI epicardial fat phenotype. Results After correction for multiple testing using the FDR approach, we identified 135 lipid species showing significant association with epicardial fat. Of those, 131 lipid species were positively correlated with EAT, where increased circulating lipid levels were correlated with increased epicardial fat. Interestingly, the top 10 lipid species associated with an increased epicardial fat volume were from the deoxyceramide (Cer(m)) and triacylglycerol (TG) families. Deoxyceramides are atypical and neurotoxic sphingolipids. Triacylglycerols are an abundant lipid class and comprise the bulk of storage fat in tissues. Pathologically elevated TG and Cer(m) levels are related to CVD risk and, in our study, to EAT volume. Conclusion Our results indicate that specific lipid abnormalities such as enriched saturated triacylglycerols and the presence of toxic ceramides Cer(m) in plasma of our individuals could precede CVD with increased EAT volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | | | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thy Duong
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent P. Diego
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
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You aren't IMMUNE to the ceramides that accumulate in cardiometabolic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159125. [PMID: 35218934 PMCID: PMC9050903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leads to persistent increases in immune responses that contribute to cardiometabolic pathologies such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pro-inflammatory macrophages infiltrate the expanding fat mass, which leads to increased production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, saturated fatty acids enhance signaling through the toll-like receptors involved in innate immunity. Herein we discuss the evidence that ceramides-which are intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway that produces sphingolipids-are essential intermediates that link these inflammatory signals to impaired tissue function. We discuss the mechanisms linking these immune insults to ceramide production and review the numerous ceramide actions that alter cellular metabolism, induce oxidative stress, and stimulate apoptosis. Lastly, we evaluate the correlation of ceramides in humans with inflammation-linked cardiometabolic disease and discuss preclinical studies which suggest that ceramide-lowering interventions may be an effective strategy to treat or prevent such maladies.
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Inhibition of palmitic acid induced adipogenesis by natural polyphenols in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:396-407. [PMID: 35678984 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dietary free fatty acids induce preadipocyte differentiation in the presence of a hormonal cocktail in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Plant polyphenols are curb adipocyte differentiation and protect from metabolic stress. In the present study, we examined the effects of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA) in presence of flavonoids, chrysin (CR) and hesperidin (HD) and phenolic acid, syringic acid (SYA) and sinapic acid (SIA). Adipocytes were incubated for 10 d with 100 μmol of PA along with 10-100 µmol CR/HD and 100-1000 µmol SYA/SIA. PA induced clonal expansion of preadipocytes, differentiation and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cells following 10 d of differentiation. Adipocytes treated with PA exhibited an increase of 300% in clonal population, 110% lipid and 172% reactive oxygen species accumulation. But treatment with CR, HD, SYA and SIA in the presence of PA concentration-dependent effect was observed. Concentrations of CR/HD and SYA/SIA inhibited PA-induced mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FAS and NOX4. Moreover, CR, HD, SYA and SIA did not exhibit toxicity in Drosophila DNA. In summary, these results suggest that dietary fatty acids act directly on adipocytes and addition of CR, HD, SYA and SIA resulted in reduction of PA-induced negative effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. HIGHLIGHTS: • Palmitic acid, the common dietary free fatty acid, is known to induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. • Treatment of differentiating adipocytes with flavonoids and phenolic acids reduced palmitic acid-induced clonal expansion of preadipocytes. • Phytocompounds reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride production as well as ROS accumulation. • Thus, the phytocompounds showed effective anti-adipogenic activity even in palmitic acid challenged environment in adipocytes.
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25
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Serine Palmitoyltransferase Gene Silencing Prevents Ceramide Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Muscles in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071123. [PMID: 35406688 PMCID: PMC8997855 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles account for ~80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and play a key role in lipid metabolism. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to metabolic changes in muscles, including the development of insulin resistance. The studies carried out to date indicate that the accumulation of biologically active lipids, such as long-chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols and ceramides, play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Unfortunately, it has not yet been clarified which of these lipid groups plays the dominant role in inducing these disorders. In order to explore this topic further, we locally silenced the gene encoding serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in the gastrocnemius muscle of animals with HFD-induced insulin resistance. This enzyme is primarily responsible for the first step of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. The obtained results confirm that the HFD induces the development of whole-body insulin resistance, which results in inhibition of the insulin pathway. This is associated with an increased level of biologically active lipids in the muscles. Our results also demonstrate that silencing the SPT gene with the shRNA plasmid reduces the accumulation of ceramides in gastrocnemius muscle, which, in turn, boosts the activity of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of ceramide synthesis does not significantly affect the content of other lipids, which suggests the leading role of ceramide in the lipid-related induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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26
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Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Molecular Mechanism of Lipotoxicity as an Interesting Aspect in the Development of Pathological States-Current View of Knowledge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050844. [PMID: 35269467 PMCID: PMC8909283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play numerous vital roles in the organism, such as contribution to energy generation and reserve, serving as an essential component of the cell membrane, or as ligands for nuclear receptors. However, the disturbance in fatty acid homeostasis, such as inefficient metabolism or intensified release from the site of storage, may result in increased serum FFA levels and eventually result in ectopic fat deposition, which is unfavorable for the organism. The cells are adjusted for the accumulation of FFA to a limited extent and so prolonged exposure to elevated FFA levels results in deleterious effects referred to as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. The nonobvious organs recognized as the main lipotoxic goal of action are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. However, lipotoxic effects to a significant extent are not organ-specific but affect fundamental cellular processes occurring in most cells. Therefore, the wider perception of cellular lipotoxic mechanisms and their interrelation may be beneficial for a better understanding of various diseases’ pathogenesis and seeking new pharmacological treatment approaches.
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27
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Gaggini M, Ndreu R, Michelucci E, Rocchiccioli S, Vassalle C. Ceramides as Mediators of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052719. [PMID: 35269861 PMCID: PMC8911014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, composed of a sphingosine and a fatty acid, are bioactive lipid molecules involved in many key cellular pathways (e.g., apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation). There is much evidence on the relationship between ceramide species and cardiometabolic disease, especially in relationship with the onset and development of diabetes and acute and chronic coronary artery disease. This review reports available evidence on ceramide structure and generation, and discusses their role in cardiometabolic disease, as well as current translational chances and difficulties for ceramide application in the cardiometabolic clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Rudina Ndreu
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3153525
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28
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DeVito LM, Dennis EA, Kahn BB, Shulman GI, Witztum JL, Sadhu S, Nickels J, Spite M, Smyth S, Spiegel S. Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:87-106. [PMID: 35218041 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shed light on the cellular and molecular functions of bioactive lipids that go far beyond what was known about their role as dietary lipids. Bioactive lipids regulate inflammation and its resolution as signaling molecules. Genetic studies have identified key factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome through their effects on lipogenesis. Lipid scientists have explored how these signaling pathways affect lipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages by utilizing a variety of techniques in both humans and animal models, including novel lipidomics approaches and molecular dynamics models. Dissecting out these lipid pathways can help identify mechanisms that can be targeted to prevent or treat cardiometabolic conditions. Continued investigation of the multitude of functions mediated by bioactive lipids may reveal additional components of these pathways that can provide a greater understanding of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara B Kahn
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Nickels
- Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton Township, New Jersey
| | - Matthew Spite
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Smyth
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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29
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Mocciaro G, Gastaldelli A. Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance: The Central Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 274:145-164. [PMID: 35192055 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a key player in the onset and progression of insulin resistance (IR), a state by which insulin-sensitive cells fail to adequately respond to insulin action. IR is a reversible condition, but if untreated leads to type 2 diabetes alongside increasing cardiovascular risk. The link between obesity and IR has been widely investigated; however, some aspects are still not fully characterized.In this chapter, we introduce key aspects of the pathophysiology of IR and its intimate connection with obesity. Specifically, we focus on the role of adipose tissue dysfunction (quantity, quality, and distribution) as a driver of whole-body IR. Furthermore, we discuss the obesity-related lipidomic remodeling occurring in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. Key mechanisms linking lipotoxicity to IR in different tissues and metabolic alterations (i.e., fatty liver and diabetes) and the effect of weight loss on IR are also reported while highlighting knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Mocciaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
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30
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Shu H, Peng Y, Hang W, Li N, Zhou N, Wang DW. Emerging Roles of Ceramide in Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:232-245. [PMID: 35111371 PMCID: PMC8782558 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a core molecule of sphingolipid metabolism that causes selective insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Research on its involvement in cardiovascular diseases has grown rapidly. In resting cells, ceramide levels are extremely low, while they rapidly accumulate upon encountering external stimuli. Recently, the regulation of ceramide levels under pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, has drawn great attention. Increased ceramide levels are strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular risks and events while inhibiting the synthesis of ceramide or accelerating its degradation improves a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we summarize the role of ceramide in cardiovascular disease, investigate the possible application of ceramide as a new diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders, and highlight the remaining problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shu
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Na Li
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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31
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Thomas JM, Sudhadevi T, Basa P, Ha AW, Natarajan V, Harijith A. The Role of Sphingolipid Signaling in Oxidative Lung Injury and Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031254. [PMID: 35163176 PMCID: PMC8835774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are born with developing lungs burdened by surfactant deficiency and a dearth of antioxidant defense systems. Survival rate of such infants has significantly improved due to advances in care involving mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation. However, a significant subset of such survivors develops the chronic lung disease, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by enlarged, simplified alveoli and deformed airways. Among a host of factors contributing to the pathogenesis is oxidative damage induced by exposure of the developing lungs to hyperoxia. Recent data indicate that hyperoxia induces aberrant sphingolipid signaling, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (ROS). The role of sphingolipids such as ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in the development of BPD emerged in the last decade. Both ceramide and S1P are elevated in tracheal aspirates of premature infants of <32 weeks gestational age developing BPD. This was faithfully reflected in the murine models of hyperoxia and BPD, where there is an increased expression of sphingolipid metabolites both in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. Treatment of neonatal pups with a sphingosine kinase1 specific inhibitor, PF543, resulted in protection against BPD as neonates, accompanied by improved lung function and reduced airway remodeling as adults. This was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial ROS formation. S1P receptor1 induced by hyperoxia also aggravates BPD, revealing another potential druggable target in this pathway for BPD. In this review we aim to provide a detailed description on the role played by sphingolipid signaling in hyperoxia induced lung injury and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya M. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Prathima Basa
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Alison W. Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-286-7038
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Błachnio-Zabielska AU, Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk K, Imierska M, Pogodzińska K, Rogalski P, Daniluk J, Zabielski P. CerS1 but Not CerS5 Gene Silencing, Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:206. [PMID: 35053322 PMCID: PMC8773817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is perceived as a major tissue in glucose and lipid metabolism. High fat diet (HFD) lead to the accumulation of intramuscular lipids, including: long chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols, and ceramides. Ceramides are considered to be one of the most important lipid groups in the generation of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. So far, it has not been clearly established whether all ceramides adversely affect the functioning of the insulin pathway, or whether there are certain ceramide species that play a pivotal role in the induction of insulin resistance. Therefore, we designed a study in which the expression of CerS1 and CerS5 genes responsible for the synthesis of C18:0-Cer and C16:0-Cer, respectively, was locally silenced in the gastrocnemius muscle of HFD-fed mice through in vivo electroporation-mediated shRNA plasmids. Our study indicates that HFD feeding induced both, the systemic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which was accompanied by an increase in the intramuscular lipid levels, decreased activation of the insulin pathway and, consequently, a decrease in the skeletal muscle glucose uptake. CerS1 silencing leads to a reduction in C18:0-Cer content, with a subsequent increase in the activity of the insulin pathway, and an improvement in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Such effects were not visible in case of CerS5 silencing, which indicates that the accumulation of C18:0-Cer plays a decisive role in the induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka U. Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamila Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Imierska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Paweł Rogalski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Jarosław Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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LI A, SHEN P, LIU S, WANG J, ZENG J, DU C. Vitamin D alleviates skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance by inducing vitamin D receptor expression and regulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.47921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Singleton JR, Foster-Palmer S, Marcus RL. Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e230921196752. [PMID: 34561989 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210923125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is among the most common complications of diabetes, but a phenotypically identical distal sensory predominant, painful axonopathy afflicts patients with prediabetic metabolic syndrome, exemplifying a spectrum of risk and continuity of pathogenesis. No pharmacological treatment convincingly improves neuropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, but evolving data suggest that exercise may be a promising alternative. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review in depth the current literature regarding exercise treatment of metabolic syndrome neuropathy in humans and animal models, highlight the diverse mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects, and examine adherence limitations, safety aspects, modes and dose of exercise. RESULTS Rodent models that recapitulate the organismal milieu of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of its neuropathy provide a strong platform to dissect exercise effects on neuropathy pathogenesis. In these models, exercise reverses hyperglycemia and consequent oxidative and nitrosative stress, improves microvascular vasoreactivity, enhances axonal transport, ameliorates the lipotoxicity and inflammatory effects of hyperlipidemia and obesity, supports neuronal survival and regeneration following injury, and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics at the distal axon. Prospective human studies are limited in scale but suggest exercise to improve cutaneous nerve regenerative capacity, neuropathic pain, and task-specific functional performance measures of gait and balance. Like other heath behavioral interventions, the benefits of exercise are limited by patient adherence. CONCLUSION Exercise is an integrative therapy that potently reduces cellular inflammatory state and improves distal axonal oxidative metabolism to ameliorate features of neuropathy in metabolic syndrome. The intensity of exercise need not improve cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, including weight, glucose control, to exert beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin L Marcus
- Department Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, UT, United States
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Qu Z, Zhou L. Drug Development in the Field of Sphinogolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:169-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sulforaphane Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Hepatic Steatosis and Apoptosis. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010076. [PMID: 35010950 PMCID: PMC8746639 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipotoxicity and ectopic lipid deposition within hepatocytes. Sulforaphane (SFA), an active compound used for inhibiting tumors, was found to have the potency to improve lipid metabolism. However, its molecular mechanisms on ameliorating NAFLD are still incompletely understood. This research evaluated if SFA could inhibit hepatic steatosis and apoptosis. The effects of SFA on cell viability, lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) contents, apoptosis, ceramide contents, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed in palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The related molecular mechanisms were further explored in hepatocytes. The results showed SFA alleviated lipid accumulation and regulated AMPK/SREBP1c/FAS signaling pathway in PA-stressed HepG2 cells. In addition, SFA alleviated PA-mediated apoptosis, downregulated the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, as well as reduced ceramide contents and ROS levels. Moreover, SFA treatment reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, alleviated insulin resistance, decreased serum TG, total cholesterol (TC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and prevented lipid deposition and apoptosis in the liver. This study showed SFA suppressed lipid deposition and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that SFA may be a potential candidate for preventing and treating NAFLD.
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Ruiz M, Henricsson M, Borén J, Pilon M. Palmitic acid causes increased dihydroceramide levels when desaturase expression is directly silenced or indirectly lowered by silencing AdipoR2. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:173. [PMID: 34839823 PMCID: PMC8627610 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 (AdipoRs) are plasma membrane proteins often considered to act as adiponectin receptors with a ceramidase activity. Additionally, the AdipoRs and their yeast and C. elegans orthologs are emerging as membrane homeostasis regulators that counter membrane rigidification by promoting fatty acid desaturation and incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids, thus restoring fluidity. Methods Using cultured cells, the effects of AdipoR silencing or over-expression on the levels and composition of several sphingolipid classes were examined. Results AdipoR2 silencing in the presence of exogenous palmitic acid potently causes increased levels of dihydroceramides, a ceramide precursor in the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway. Conversely, AdipoR2 over-expression caused a depletion of dihydroceramides. Conclusions The results are consistent with AdipoR2 silencing leading to increased intracellular supply of palmitic acid that in turn leads to increased dihydroceramide synthesis via the rate-limiting serine palmitoyl transferase step. In agreement with this model, inhibiting the desaturase SCD or SREBF1/2 (positive regulators of SCD) also causes a strong increase in dihydroceramide levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01600-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Univ. of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Univ. of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Gilloteaux J, Nicaise C, Sprimont L, Bissler J, Finkelstein JA, Payne WR. Leptin receptor defect with diabetes causes skeletal muscle atrophy in female obese Zucker rats where peculiar depots networked with mitochondrial damages. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:346-375. [PMID: 34743665 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1983099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tibialis anterior muscles of 45-week-old female obese Zucker rats with defective leptin receptor and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) showed a significative atrophy compared to lean muscles, based on histochemical-stained section's measurements in the sequence: oxidative slow twitch (SO, type I) < oxidative fast twitch (FOG, type IIa) < fast glycolytic (FG, type IIb). Both oxidative fiber's outskirts resembled 'ragged' fibers and, in these zones, ultrastructure revealed small clusters of endoplasm-like reticulum filled with unidentified electron contrasted compounds, contiguous and continuous with adjacent mitochondria envelope. The linings appeared crenated stabbed by circular patterns resembling those found of ceramides. The same fibers contained scattered degraded mitochondria that tethered electron contrasted droplets favoring larger depots while mitoptosis were widespread in FG fibers. Based on other interdisciplinary investigations on the lipid depots of diabetes 2 muscles made us to propose these accumulated contrasted contents to be made of peculiar lipids, including acyl-ceramides, as those were only found while diabetes 2 progresses in aging obese rats. These could interfere in NIDDM with mitochondrial oxidative energetic demands and muscle functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George's University School of Medicine, K B Taylor Global Scholar's Program at the University of Northumbria, School of Health and Life Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Unité de Recherches de Physiologie Moleculaire (URPHyM) - Narilis, Département de Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy, Northeast Ohio Medical University (Neomed), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Charles Nicaise
- Unité de Recherches de Physiologie Moleculaire (URPHyM) - Narilis, Département de Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Lindsay Sprimont
- Unité de Recherches de Physiologie Moleculaire (URPHyM) - Narilis, Département de Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - John Bissler
- Department of Anatomy, Northeast Ohio Medical University (Neomed), Rootstown, OH, USA.,Division of Nephrology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Judith A Finkelstein
- Department of Anatomy, Northeast Ohio Medical University (Neomed), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Warren R Payne
- Institute for Sport and Health, Footscray Park Campus, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gilbert M. Role of skeletal muscle lipids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance of obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1934-1941. [PMID: 34132491 PMCID: PMC8565406 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity predisposes individuals to the development of insulin resistance, which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and muscle plays a central role in this phenomenon. Insulin resistance is associated with: (i) a metabolic inflexibility characterized by a reduced impaired switching from free fatty acid (FA) to carbohydrate substrates; and (ii) an ectopic accumulation of triglyceride in skeletal muscle, generating a cellular "lipotoxicity", but triglyceride per se, does not contribute to insulin resistance ("athlete's paradox"). A large body of evidence supports the idea that a decreased mitochondrial capacity to oxidize FA leads to an accretion of intracellular triglyceride and an accumulation of acyl-CoAs, which are used to synthesize diacylglycerol and ceramide. These lipid derivatives activate serine kinases, leading to increase of insulin receptor substrate 1 serine phosphorylation, which impairs insulin signaling. A second model proposes that insulin resistance arises from an excessive mitochondrial FA oxidation. Studies have shown that the type of FA, unsaturated or saturated, is critical in the development of insulin resistance. It should be also stressed that FA oversupply activates inflammatory signals, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, increases mitochondrial oxidative stress and influences the regulation of genes that contributes to impaired glucose metabolism. These cellular insults are thought to engage stress-sensitive serine kinases disrupting insulin signaling. In conclusion, reduced dietary lipid intake in association with physical exercise could be a therapeutic option to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gilbert
- CNRS UMR 8251 Bât. BuffonParis Diderot UniversityParisFrance
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40
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Attie AD, Tang QQ, Bornfeldt KE. The insulin centennial-100 years of milestones in biochemistry. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101278. [PMID: 34717954 PMCID: PMC8605089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:751-771. [PMID: 34285405 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues - prominently in muscle, fat and liver - is one of the earliest manifestations of a constellation of human diseases that includes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are typically associated with intertwined metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest a key role for adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance, potentially by releasing lipids and other circulating factors that promote insulin resistance in other organs. These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more of the proximal components in the signalling cascade downstream of insulin (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins or AKT). However, there is now evidence to support the view that insulin resistance is a heterogeneous disorder that may variably arise in a range of metabolic tissues and that the mechanism for this effect likely involves a unified insulin resistance pathway that affects a distal step in the insulin action pathway that is more closely linked to the terminal biological response. Identifying these targets is of major importance, as it will reveal potential new targets for treatments of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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Abstract
Renal injury resulting from obesity is a growing concern caused by the global obesity epidemic. We discuss the glomerular structure, obesity-related glomerular changes, and diagnostic pathologic criteria for obesity-related glomerulopathy. The three main hypothesized mechanisms of podocyte injury are mechanical stress on the podocytes, metabolic derangement, and genetic/molecular factors. Weight loss, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and improved insulin resistance may slow the progression. A more comprehensive understanding of obesity-related glomerulopathy will help in developing more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Giannini
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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43
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Attie AD, Tang QQ, Bornfeldt KE. The insulin centennial-100 years of milestones in biochemistry. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100132. [PMID: 34717951 PMCID: PMC8721491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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44
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Gaggini M, Pingitore A, Vassalle C. Plasma Ceramides Pathophysiology, Measurements, Challenges, and Opportunities. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110719. [PMID: 34822377 PMCID: PMC8622894 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are a family of lipid molecules, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, and transported by lipoproteins (primarily by low-density lipoproteins) in the bloodstream. They are not only structural lipids, but multifunctional and bioactive molecules with key roles in many important cellular pathways, such as inflammatory processes and apoptosis, representing potential biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases as well as pharmacological targets. Recent data reported ceramide modulation by diet and aerobic exercise, suggesting nutrients and exercise-targeting sphingolipid pathways as a countermeasure, also in combination with other therapies, for risk and progression of chronic disease prevention and health maintenance. In this review, we focus on the available data regarding remarks on ceramide structure and metabolism, their pathophysiologic roles, and the effect of dietary habit and aerobic exercise on ceramide levels. Moreover, advancements and limitations of lipidomic techniques and simplification attempts to overcome difficulties of interpretation and to facilitate practical applications, such as the proposal of scores, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3153525
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Wang P, Li CG, Zhou X, Ding S. Transcription factor EB enhances autophagy and ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance at least partly via upregulating AMPK activity in skeletal muscle cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:302-310. [PMID: 34614219 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in protecting C2C12 myotubes against palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) and explored its mechanism associated with autophagy. PA treatment significantly decreased insulin sensitivity in myotubes and downregulated TFEB protein expression. TFEB overexpression significantly reversed the PA-suppressed glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and improved intracellular glucose uptake and consumption, and also alleviated the decrease of autophagy markers induced by PA. The effect of TFEB overexpression on GLUT4 was also abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. In addition, AMPKɑ2-DN inhibited or abolished the effects of TFEB overexpression on upregulation of GLUT4 and PA-induced decrease of autophagy marker expressions. Taken together, our data demonstrated that upregulation of TFEB improved PA-induced IR in C2C12 myotubes by enhancing autophagy and upregulating AMPK activity. TFEB, as a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells, may be a potential therapeutic target for IR and Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Miller SG, Hafen PS, Law AS, Springer CB, Logsdon DL, O'Connell TM, Witczak CA, Brault JJ. AMP deamination is sufficient to replicate an atrophy-like metabolic phenotype in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2021; 123:154864. [PMID: 34400216 PMCID: PMC8453098 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy, whether caused by chronic disease, acute critical illness, disuse or aging, is characterized by tissue-specific decrease in oxidative capacity and broad alterations in metabolism that contribute to functional decline. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these metabolic changes are largely unknown. One of the most highly upregulated genes in atrophic muscle is AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3: AMP → IMP + NH3), which controls the content of intracellular adenine nucleotides (AdN; ATP + ADP + AMP). Given the central role of AdN in signaling mitochondrial gene expression and directly regulating metabolism, we hypothesized that overexpressing AMPD3 in muscle cells would be sufficient to alter their metabolic phenotype similar to that of atrophic muscle. METHODS AMPD3 and GFP (control) were overexpressed in mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles via plasmid electroporation and in C2C12 myotubes using adenovirus vectors. TA muscles were excised one week later, and AdN were quantified by UPLC. In myotubes, targeted measures of AdN, AMPK/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, unbiased metabolomics, and transcriptomics by RNA sequencing were measured after 24 h of AMPD3 overexpression. Media metabolites were measured as an indicator of net metabolic flux. At 48 h, the AMPK/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, and myotube respiratory function/capacity were measured. RESULTS TA muscles overexpressing AMPD3 had significantly less ATP than contralateral controls (-25%). In myotubes, increasing AMPD3 expression for 24 h was sufficient to significantly decrease ATP concentrations (-16%), increase IMP, and increase efflux of IMP catabolites into the culture media, without decreasing the ATP/ADP or ATP/AMP ratios. When myotubes were treated with dinitrophenol (mitochondrial uncoupler), AMPD3 overexpression blunted decreases in ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios but exacerbated AdN degradation. As such, pAMPK/AMPK, pACC/ACC, and phosphorylation of AMPK substrates, were unchanged by AMPD3 at this timepoint. AMPD3 significantly altered 191 out of 639 detected intracellular metabolites, but only 30 transcripts, none of which encoded metabolic enzymes. The most altered metabolites were those within purine nucleotide, BCAA, glycolysis, and ceramide metabolic pathways. After 48 h, AMPD3 overexpression significantly reduced pAMPK/AMPK (-24%), phosphorylation of AMPK substrates (-14%), and PGC-1α protein (-22%). Moreover, AMPD3 significantly reduced myotube mitochondrial protein synthesis rates (-55%), basal ATP synthase-dependent (-13%), and maximal uncoupled oxygen consumption (-15%). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of AMPD3 significantly decreased mitochondrial protein synthesis rates and broadly altered cellular metabolites in a manner similar to that of atrophic muscle. Importantly, the changes in metabolites occurred prior to reductions in AMPK signaling, gene expression, and mitochondrial protein synthesis, suggesting metabolism is not dependent on reductions in oxidative capacity, but may be consequence of increased AMP deamination. Therefore, AMP deamination in skeletal muscle may be a mechanism that alters the metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle during atrophy and could be a target to improve muscle function during muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G Miller
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Paul S Hafen
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew S Law
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - David L Logsdon
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Charytoniuk T, Sztolsztener K, Harasim-Symbor E, Berk K, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Cannabidiol - A phytocannabinoid that widely affects sphingolipid metabolism under conditions of brain insulin resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112057. [PMID: 34435590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and attenuated brain insulin signaling are significant risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. IR and type 2 diabetes correlate with an increased concentration of sphingolipids, a class of lipids that play an essential structural role in cellular membranes and cell signaling pathways. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa plant that interacts with the endocannabinoidome. Despite known positive effects of CBD on improvement in diabetes and its aftermath, e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, there are no studies evaluating the effect of phytocannabinoids on the brain insulin resistance and sphingolipid metabolism. Our experiment was carried out on Wistar rats that received a high-fat diet and/or intraperitoneal CBD injections. In our study, we indicated inhibition of de novo synthesis and salvage pathways, which resulted in significant changes in the concentration of sphingolipids, e.g., ceramide and sphingomyelin. Furthermore, we observed reduced brain IR and decreased tau protein phosphorylation what might be protective against neuropathologies development. We believe that our research will concern a new possible therapeutic approach with Cannabis -plant derived compounds and within a few years, cannabinoids would be considered as prominent substances for targeting both metabolic and neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Charytoniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Weber N, Colledge F, Streese L, Hanssen H, Schmied C, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. How Ceramides Orchestrate Cardiometabolic Health-An Ode to Physically Active Living. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100675. [PMID: 34677390 PMCID: PMC8538837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) represent a growing socioeconomic burden and concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Improving patients’ metabolic phenotyping in clinical practice will enable clinicians to better tailor prevention and treatment strategy to individual needs. Recently, elevated levels of specific lipid species, known as ceramides, were shown to predict cardiometabolic outcomes beyond traditional biomarkers such as cholesterol. Preliminary data showed that physical activity, a potent, low-cost, and patient-empowering means to reduce CMD-related burden, influences ceramide levels. While a single bout of physical exercise increases circulating and muscular ceramide levels, regular exercise reduces ceramide content. Additionally, several ceramide species have been reported to be negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, which is a potent health marker reflecting training level. Thus, regular exercise could optimize cardiometabolic health, partly by reversing altered ceramide profiles. This short review provides an overview of ceramide metabolism and its role in cardiometabolic health and diseases, before presenting the effects of exercise on ceramides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Nadia Weber
- Medical School, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Christian Schmied
- Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
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Fretts AM, Jensen PN, Hoofnagle AN, McKnight B, Howard BV, Umans J, Sitlani CM, Siscovick DS, King IB, Djousse L, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN. Plasma Ceramides containing Saturated Fatty Acids are Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100119. [PMID: 34555371 PMCID: PMC8517199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the type of saturated fatty acid bound to sphingolipids influences the biological activity of those sphingolipids. However, it is unknown whether associations of sphingolipids with diabetes may differ by the identity of bound lipid species. Here, we investigated associations of 15 ceramide (Cer) and SM species (i.e., all sphingolipids, measured with coefficient of variation less than 20%) with incident type 2 diabetes in the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 3,645), a large cohort study of cardiovascular disease among elderly adults who were followed from 1989 to 2015. Diabetes incidence was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or nonfasting glucose ≥200 mg/dl; reported use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication; or documentation of diabetes diagnosis through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services records. Associations of each sphingolipid with incident diabetes were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. We found that higher circulating levels of Cer with acylated palmitic acid (Cer-16), stearic acid containing Cer (Cer-18), arachidic acid containing Cer (Cer-20), and behenic acid containing Cer (Cer-22) were each associated with a higher risk of diabetes. The hazard ratios for incident diabetes per 1 SD higher log levels of each Cer species were as follows: 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09–1.34) for Cer-16, 1.23 (95% CI: 1.10–1.37) for Cer-18, 1.14 (95% CI: 1.02–1.26) for Cer-20, and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06–1.32) for Cer-22. In conclusion, higher levels of Cer-16, Cer-18, Cer-20, and Cer-22 were associated with a higher risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Fretts
- University of Washington Departments of Epidemiology, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA; University of Washington Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, 1730 Minor Ave #1360 Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
| | - Paul N Jensen
- University of Washington Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, 1730 Minor Ave #1360 Seattle, WA 98101 USA; Medicine, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Medicine, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA; Laboratory Medicine, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- University of Washington Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, 1730 Minor Ave #1360 Seattle, WA 98101 USA; Biostatistics, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Rd #700c, Hyattsville, MD, 20782 USA; Georgetown and Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, 4000 Reservoir Road NW Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Jason Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Rd #700c, Hyattsville, MD, 20782 USA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- University of Washington Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, 1730 Minor Ave #1360 Seattle, WA 98101 USA; Medicine, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA
| | | | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA
| | - Luc Djousse
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St,Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- University of Washington Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, 1730 Minor Ave #1360 Seattle, WA 98101 USA; Medicine, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- University of Washington Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, 1730 Minor Ave #1360 Seattle, WA 98101 USA; Medicine, 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle WA, 98105 USA
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50
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Communications between Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092195. [PMID: 34571844 PMCID: PMC8468463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria associated membranes (MAM), which are the contact sites between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, have emerged as an important hub for signaling molecules to integrate the cellular and organelle homeostasis, thus facilitating the adaptation of energy metabolism to nutrient status. This review explores the dynamic structural and functional features of the MAM and summarizes the various abnormalities leading to the impaired insulin sensitivity and metabolic diseases.
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