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Feng J, Xie Z, Hu H. Ion channel regulation of gut immunity. J Gen Physiol 2022; 155:213734. [PMID: 36459135 PMCID: PMC9723512 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis hinges on communications among many cellular networks including the intestinal epithelium, the immune system, and both intrinsic and extrinsic nerves innervating the gut. The GI tract, especially the colon, is the home base for gut microbiome which dynamically regulates immune function. The gut's immune system also provides an effective defense against harmful pathogens entering the GI tract while maintaining immune homeostasis to avoid exaggerated immune reaction to innocuous food and commensal antigens which are important causes of inflammatory disorders such as coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Various ion channels have been detected in multiple cell types throughout the GI tract. By regulating membrane properties and intracellular biochemical signaling, ion channels play a critical role in synchronized signaling among diverse cellular components in the gut that orchestrates the GI immune response. This work focuses on the role of ion channels in immune cells, non-immune resident cells, and neuroimmune interactions in the gut at the steady state and pathological conditions. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of ion channel signaling in these immune-related pathways and initial testing of pharmacological intervention will facilitate the development of ion channel-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China,Correspondence to Jing Feng:
| | - Zili Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Hongzhen Hu:
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2
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Letizia M, Wang YH, Kaufmann U, Gerbeth L, Sand A, Brunkhorst M, Weidner P, Ziegler JF, Böttcher C, Schlickeiser S, Fernández C, Yamashita M, Stauderman K, Sun K, Kunkel D, Prakriya M, Sanders AD, Siegmund B, Feske S, Weidinger C. Store-operated calcium entry controls innate and adaptive immune cell function in inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15687. [PMID: 35919953 PMCID: PMC9449601 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal immune responses. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) to analyze the immune cell composition in the lamina propria (LP) of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we observed an enrichment of CD4+ effector T cells producing IL‐17A and TNF, CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ, T regulatory (Treg) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). The function of these immune cells is regulated by store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which results from the opening of Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI and STIM proteins. We observed that the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐17A, TNF, and IFNγ by human colonic T cells and ILCs, reduced the production of IL‐6 by B cells and the production of IFNγ by myeloid cells, but had no effect on the viability, differentiation, and function of intestinal epithelial cells. T cell‐specific deletion of CRAC channel genes in mice showed that Orai1, Stim1, and Stim2‐deficient T cells have quantitatively distinct defects in SOCE, which correlate with gradually more pronounced impairment of cytokine production by Th1 and Th17 cells and the severity of IBD. Moreover, the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE with a selective CRAC channel inhibitor attenuated IBD severity and colitogenic T cell function in mice. Our data indicate that SOCE inhibition may be a suitable new approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Letizia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Gerbeth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annegret Sand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Brunkhorst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Weidner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Single Cell Approaches for Personalized Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Felix Ziegler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, A Cooperation of Charité and MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila Fernández
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, A Cooperation of Charité and MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Katherine Sun
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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- TRR 241 Research Initiative, Berlin-Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashley D Sanders
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Single Cell Approaches for Personalized Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Liang X, Xie J, Liu H, Zhao R, Zhang W, Wang H, Pan H, Zhou Y, Han W. STIM1 Deficiency In Intestinal Epithelium Attenuates Colonic Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Reducing ER Stress of Goblet Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:193-217. [PMID: 35367664 PMCID: PMC9130113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As an indispensable component of store-operated Ca2+ entry, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is known to promote colorectal cancer and T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, whether the intestinal mucosal STIM1 is involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal epithelial STIM1 in IBD. METHODS Inflammatory and matched normal intestinal tissues were collected from IBD patients to investigate the expression of STIM1. Intestinal epithelium-specific STIM1 conditional knockout mice (STIM1ΔIEC) were generated and induced to develop colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. The mucosal barrier, including the epithelial barrier and mucus barrier, was analyzed. The mechanisms by which STIM1 regulate goblet cell endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis were assessed. RESULTS STIM1 could regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis. STIM1 was augmented in the inflammatory intestinal tissues of IBD patients. In dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, STIM1 deficiency in intestinal epithelium reduced the loss of goblet cells through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, resulting in the maintenance of the integrated mucus layer. These effects prevented commensal bacteria from contacting and stimulating the intestinal epithelium of STIM1ΔIEC mice and thereby rendered STIM1ΔIEC mice less susceptible to colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In addition, microbial diversity in dextran sodium sulfate-treated STIM1ΔIEC mice slightly shifted to an advantageous bacteria, which further protected the intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish STIM1 as a crucial regulator for the maintenance of the intestinal barrier during colitis and provide a potential target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Weidong Han, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China; fax: 86-571-86436673.
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4
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Liu J, Liu Z, Wang L, He H, Mu H, Sun W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang W, Fu M, Fan Y, Song X. Bioactivity-guided isolation of immunomodulatory compounds from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114079. [PMID: 33798661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Ligustrum lucidum (FLL) W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae) is included in the 2020 "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic. In recent years, FLL has been reported to improve immune function, but the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of FLL remain poorly characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify FFL compounds with strong immune activity and explore their molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages and proliferation activity of spleen lymphocytes were used to guide the isolation of bioactive compounds from FLL extracts. Lymphocyte subpopulations, Ca2+ concentrations, and surface molecule expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion was examined using ELISA. FITC-OVA uptake was observed using fluorescence microscopy. NF-κB activation was analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS The extraction and isolation produced ten compounds, namely oleuropeinic acid, nuezhenide, isonuezhenide, salidroside, isoligustrosidic acid, ligulucidumosides A, 8(E)-nuezhenide, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and p-hydroxyphenethyl 7-β-D-glucosideelenolic acid ester were isolated and identified from FLL-Bu-30%. Immunoactivity experiments showed that hydroxytyrosol had the strongest macrophage phagocytotic and lymphocyte proliferation-promoting activities. Further studies showed that hydroxytyrosol could significantly enhance lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD3+CD4-CD8-, promote IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α secretion, and increase intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. In addition, the results from RAW264.7 macrophages showed that hydroxytyrosol increased FITC-OVA uptake, induced TNF-α and IL-1β production, upregulated MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 expression, promoted cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation, and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 levels. CONCLUSION Our study provides substantial evidence regarding the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects of compounds from FLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Zengyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Hao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Hailong Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
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Goswami S, Das MK, Sain D, Goswami B. A concise treatment of pterins: some recent synthetic and methodology aspects and their applications in molecular sensors. Pteridines 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A concise account of pterins in chemistry and biology and their applications in molecular sensors including their optical spectroscopic properties are described. Different natural, synthetic, biological and photophysical aspects are also discussed. Synthetic access to direct functionalised pterins and a recently reported new thiophene annulation technique are described for the synthesis of Form B of molybdenum cofactor. The receptor properties of fluorescent pterin molecules including selenopyrimidines which are rarely reported for their binding of anions and neutral molecules are also of major importance in this review. For such an old and still so young, unexplored pterin system on its power to be sensitive for physical studies especially the interaction with cations, anions and neutral molecules are fascinating and research in this area is relatively new and expected to increase fast. Pterin based receptors are for the first time put into a useful review for the advantage of those who want to explore pterin and modified pterin as chromogenic and fluorogenic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamaprosad Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal , India
| | - Manas Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal , India
| | - Dibyendu Sain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal , India
| | - Bhaswati Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal , India
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6
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Nelson HA, Roe MW. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:451-472. [PMID: 29363328 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218754524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum is an important component of Ca2+ signal transduction that controls numerous physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum is coupled to the activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry into cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry provides Ca2+ for replenishing depleted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and a Ca2+ signal that regulates Ca2+-dependent intracellular biochemical events. Central to connecting discharge of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores following G protein-coupled receptor activation with the induction of store-operated Ca2+ entry are stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2). These highly homologous endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins function as sensors of the Ca2+ concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and activators of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to their role in Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel gating and store-operated Ca2+ entry, STIM1 and STIM2 regulate other cellular signaling events. Recent studies have shown that disruption of STIM expression and function is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and myopathies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of STIM1 and STIM2. Impact statement Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a fundamentally important regulator of cell physiology. Recent studies have revealed that Ca2+-binding stromal interaction molecules (Stim1 and Stim2) expressed in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential components of eukaryote Ca2+ signal transduction that control the activity of ion channels and other signaling effectors present in the plasma membrane. This review summarizes the most recent information on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. We anticipate that the work presented in our review will provide new insights into molecular interactions that participate in interorganelle signaling crosstalk, cell function, and the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Nelson
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael W Roe
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.,2 Department of Medicine, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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7
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Mitochondria, calcium, and tumor suppressor Fus1: At the crossroad of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20754-72. [PMID: 26246474 PMCID: PMC4673227 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria present a unique set of key intracellular functions such as ATP synthesis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ buffering. Mitochondria both encode and decode Ca2+ signals and these interrelated functions have a direct impact on cell signaling and metabolism. High proliferative potential is a key energy-demanding feature shared by cancer cells and activated T lymphocytes. Switch of a metabolic state mediated by alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a fundamental role in maintenance of the proliferative state. Recent studies show that tumor suppressors have the ability to affect mitochondrial homeostasis controlling both cancer and autoimmunity. Herein, we discuss established and putative mechanisms of calcium–dependent regulation of both T cell and tumor cell activities. We use the mitochondrial protein Fus1 as a case of tumor suppressor that controls immune response and tumor growth via maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. We focus on the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling as a key function of Fus1 and highlight the mechanisms of a crosstalk between Ca2+ accumulation and mitochondrial homeostasis. Given the important role of Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and ROS production in the activation of NFAT and NF-κB transcription factors, we outline the importance of Fus1 activities in this context.
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8
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Chimote AA, Hajdu P, Kottyan LC, Harley JB, Yun Y, Conforti L. Nanovesicle-targeted Kv1.3 knockdown in memory T cells suppresses CD40L expression and memory phenotype. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:86-93. [PMID: 26994905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling controls activation and effector functions of T lymphocytes. Ca(2+) levels also regulate NFAT activation and CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression in T cells. CD40L in activated memory T cells binds to its cognate receptor, CD40, on other cell types resulting in the production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory mediators. The CD40L/CD40 interaction is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and CD40L is widely recognized as a therapeutic target. Ca(2+) signaling in T cells is regulated by Kv1.3 channels. We have developed lipid nanoparticles that deliver Kv1.3 siRNAs (Kv1.3-NPs) selectively to CD45RO(+) memory T cells and reduce the activation-induced Ca(2+) influx. Herein we report that Kv1.3-NPs reduced NFAT activation and CD40L expression exclusively in CD45RO(+) T cells. Furthermore, Kv1.3-NPs suppressed cytokine release and induced a phenotype switch of T cells from predominantly memory to naïve. These findings indicate that Kv1.3-NPs operate as targeted immune suppressive agents with promising therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter Hajdu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yeoheung Yun
- North Carolina A & T State University, Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering Department, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Crottès D, Félix R, Meley D, Chadet S, Herr F, Audiger C, Soriani O, Vandier C, Roger S, Angoulvant D, Velge-Roussel F. Immature human dendritic cells enhance their migration through KCa3.1 channel activation. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:198-207. [PMID: 27020659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration capacity is essential for dendritic cells (DCs) to present antigen to T cells for the induction of immune response. The DC migration is supposed to be a calcium-dependent process, while not fully understood. Here, we report a role of the KCa3.1/IK1/SK4 channels in the migration capacity of both immature (iDC) and mature (mDC) human CD14(+)-derived DCs. KCa3.1 channels were shown to control the membrane potential of human DC and the Ca(2+) entry, which is directly related to migration capacities. The expression of migration marker such as CCR5 and CCR7 was modified in both types of DCs by TRAM-34 (100nM). But, only the migration of iDC was decreased by use of both TRAM-34 and KCa3.1 siRNA. Confocal analyses showed a close localization of CCR5 with KCa3.1 in the steady state of iDC. Finally, the implication of KCa3.1 seems to be limited to the migration capacities as T cell activation of DCs appeared unchanged. Altogether, these results demonstrated that KCa3.1 channels have a pro-migratory effect on iDC migration. Our findings suggest that KCa3.1 in human iDC play a major role in their migration and constitute an attractive target for the cell therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crottès
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Romain Félix
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Daniel Meley
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Florence Herr
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Cindy Audiger
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Olivier Soriani
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), CNRS UMR7277, Inserm U1091, UNS 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1069, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1069, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France; Service de cardiologie, CHRU de Tours, 2 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France; UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Av Monge, F-37000 Tours, France.
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10
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Zheng L, Zinn V, Lefkelidou A, Taqi N, Chatzistavrou X, Balam T, Nervina J, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Orai1 expression pattern in tooth and craniofacial ectodermal tissues and potential functions during ameloblast differentiation. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1249-58. [PMID: 26178077 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orai1 is a plasma membrane protein that forms the pore of the calcium release activated calcium channel. Humans with mutated Orai1 present with hereditary combined immunodeficiency, congenital myopathy and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Consistent with the ectodermal dysplasia phenotype, enamel formation and mineralization is also abnormal in Orai1 deficient patients. The expression pattern and potential functions of Orai1 in enamel formation remains unclear. To contribute toward understanding the role of Orai1 in amelogenesis we characterized ORAI1 protein developmental pattern in comparison with other ectodermal organs. We also examined the effects of Orai1 down-regulation in ameloblast cell proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS Our data show strong expression of ORAI1 protein during the ameloblast secretory stage, which weans at the end of the maturation stage. In salivary glands, ORAI1 is expressed mainly in acini cells. ORAI1 expression is also found in hair follicle and oral epithelium. Knockdown of Orai1 expression decreases cell proliferation and results in RNA expression levels changes of key ameloblast genes regulating enamel thickness and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights in the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia phenotype due to Orai1 mutation and highlights the importance of calcium signaling in controlling ameloblast differentiation and maturation during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vina Zinn
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna Lefkelidou
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nawar Taqi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tarek Balam
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeanne Nervina
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Organogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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11
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Zhang X, Jiang X. Effects of Enteral Nutrition on the Barrier Function of the Intestinal Mucosa and Dopamine Receptor Expression in Rats With Traumatic Brain Injury. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 39:114-23. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607113501881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Shaw PJ, Feske S. Regulation of lymphocyte function by ORAI and STIM proteins in infection and autoimmunity. J Physiol 2012; 590:4157-67. [PMID: 22615435 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in cells of the immune system is mediated by Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels that are formed by ORAI1 and its homologues ORAI2 and ORAI3. They are activated by stromal interaction molecules (STIM) 1 and 2 in response to depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. Loss-of-function mutations in the human ORAI1 and STIM1 genes abolish CRAC channel function and SOCE in a variety of non-excitable cells including lymphocytes and other immune cells, resulting in a unique clinical syndrome termed CRAC channelopathy. It is dominated by severe immunodeficiency and autoimmunity due to impaired SOCE and defects in the function of several lymphocyte subsets. These include CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) effector and regulatory T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells. This review provides a concise discussion of the role of CRAC channels in these lymphocyte populations and the regulation of adaptive immune responses to infection, in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Shaw
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, SRB 316, New York, NY 10016, USA
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13
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Tsai MF, Chiang YL, Wang LF, Huang GW, Wu PC. Oral sustained delivery of diclofenac sodium using calcium chondroitin sulfate matrix. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:1319-31. [PMID: 16268256 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774269520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a potential candidate for colon-specific drug carriers. However, the readily water-soluble nature limits its application as a solid-state drug-delivery vehicle. In this study, the CS formation of a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) with Ca2+ (CS-Ca) was adapted to retain CS in a solid form for use in a drug-delivery system. Pre-treated CS with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (EX-810) followed by complexation with Ca2+ was also tested (CS-Ca-EX). Diclofenac sodium was used as a drug probe to evaluate the performance of the drug-release behavior of the complexes. The amount of diclofenac sodium released was higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) than in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) due to the anionic groups on CS or the higher solubility of drug itself in PBS. The release profile of diclofenac sodium from CS-Ca-EX was most notably sustained when compared to other groups. Enzymatic degradation by chondroitinase ABC of CS, CS-Ca and CS-Ca-EX exhibited a similar degradation mechanism and GPC revealed the dissolution rate of CS from the three matrix types was, in decreasing order: CS, CS-Ca, CS-Ca-EX. The synergy of the anti-inflammatory activity of diclofenac sodium in CS-based complexes was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced edema rat test. The percentage of swelling was lower for all experimental groups as compared to the control, untreated group. The anti-inflammatory activity of diclofenac in the CS matrix gradually increased up to 9 h but CS-Ca or CS-Ca-EX matrices showed less potency than the CS matrix in reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fung Tsai
- College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Bogeski I, Al-Ansary D, Qu B, Niemeyer BA, Hoth M, Peinelt C. Pharmacology of ORAI channels as a tool to understand their physiological functions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:291-303. [PMID: 22111611 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry is a major Ca(2+) entry mechanism that is present in most cell types. In immune cells, store-operated Ca(2+) entry is almost exclusively mediated by Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Ca(2+) entry through these channels and the corresponding cytosolic Ca(2+) signals are required for many immune cell functions, including all aspects of T-cell activation. ORAI proteins are the molecular correlates for the CRAC channels. The three human members, ORAI1, ORAI2 and ORAI3, are activated through the stromal interaction molecules (STIM)1 and 2 following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. Different combinations of STIM and ORAI can form different CRAC channels with distinct biophysical properties. In this article, we review and discuss mechanistic and functional implications of two important CRAC/ORAI inhibitors, 2-APB and BTP2, and the antibiotic G418 that has also been reported to interfere with ORAI channel function. The use of pharmacological tools should help to assign distinct physiological and pathophysiological functions to different STIM-ORAI protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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15
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Fate of transgenic DNA from orally administered Bt MON810 maize and effects on immune response and growth in pigs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27177. [PMID: 22132091 PMCID: PMC3223173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of short-term feeding of genetically modified (GM: Bt MON810) maize on immune responses and growth in weanling pigs and determined the fate of the transgenic DNA and protein in-vivo. Pigs were fed a diet containing 38.9% GM or non-GM isogenic parent line maize for 31 days. We observed that IL-12 and IFNγ production from mitogenic stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased (P<0.10) following 31 days of GM maize exposure. While Cry1Ab-specific IgG and IgA were not detected in the plasma of GM maize-fed pigs, the detection of the cry1Ab gene and protein was limited to the gastrointestinal digesta and was not found in the kidneys, liver, spleen, muscle, heart or blood. Feeding GM maize to weanling pigs had no effect on growth performance or body weight. IL-6 and IL-4 production from isolated splenocytes were increased (P<0.05) in response to feeding GM maize while the proportion of CD4+ T cells in the spleen decreased. In the ileum, the proportion of B cells and macrophages decreased while the proportion of CD4+ T cells increased in GM maize-fed pigs. IL-8 and IL-4 production from isolated intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were also increased (P<0.05) in response to feeding GM maize. In conclusion, there was no evidence of cry1Ab gene or protein translocation to the organs and blood of weaning pigs. The growth of pigs was not affected by feeding GM maize. Alterations in immune responses were detected; however, their biologic relevance is questionable.
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16
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ORAI-mediated calcium influx in T cell proliferation, apoptosis and tolerance. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Parekh AB. Store-operated CRAC channels: function in health and disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:399-410. [PMID: 20395953 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) levels through the activation of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels is involved in mediating a disparate array of cellular responses. These include secretion, metabolism and gene expression, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, emerging evidence points to the involvement of aberrant CRAC channel activity in human diseases, such as certain types of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity disorders, allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. This article summarizes recent advances in understanding the gating and function of CRAC channels, their links to human disease and key issues for the development of channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant B Parekh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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18
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Arimilli S, Sharma SK, Yammani R, Reid SD, Parks GD, Alexander-Miller MA. Pivotal Advance: Nonfunctional lung effectors exhibit decreased calcium mobilization associated with reduced expression of ORAI1. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:977-88. [PMID: 20103768 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0809575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the clearance of respiratory pathogens. Thus, it is surprising that functional inactivation of lung effectors has been observed in many models of viral infection. Currently, the molecular defect responsible for the shut-off of function in these cells is unknown. In the present study, we addressed this question using a model of respiratory infection with the paramyxovirus SV5. Nonfunctional cells were found to exhibit decreases in SOCE, resulting in reduced NFAT1 activation. Notably, function could be restored by the provision of increased levels of extracellular calcium. The reduced ability to mobilize calcium was associated with reduced expression of ORAI1, the CRAC channel subunit. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism for the negative regulation of function in effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Arimilli
- 1. Room 5140 Gray Building, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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19
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Di Sabatino A, Rovedatti L, Kaur R, Spencer JP, Brown JT, Morisset VD, Biancheri P, Leakey NAB, Wilde JI, Scott L, Corazza GR, Lee K, Sengupta N, Knowles CH, Gunthorpe MJ, McLean PG, MacDonald TT, Kruidenier L. Targeting Gut T Cell Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ Channels Inhibits T Cell Cytokine Production and T-Box Transcription Factor T-Bet in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3454-62. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Wall R, Ross RP, Shanahan F, O'Mahony L, O'Mahony C, Coakley M, Hart O, Lawlor P, Quigley EM, Kiely B, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Metabolic activity of the enteric microbiota influences the fatty acid composition of murine and porcine liver and adipose tissues. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1393-401. [PMID: 19357220 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and hepatic steatosis. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether the fat composition of host tissues might be influenced by oral administration of commensal bifidobacteria previously shown by us to produce bioactive isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). DESIGN Murine trials were conducted in which linoleic acid-supplemented diets were fed with or without Bifidobacterium breve NCIMB 702258 (daily dose of 10(9) microorganisms) to healthy BALB/c mice and to severe combined immunodeficient mice for 8-10 wk. To ensure that the observations were not peculiar to mice, a similar trial was conducted in weanling pigs over 21 d. Tissue fatty acid composition was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS In comparison with controls, there was an increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the livers of the mice and pigs after feeding with linoleic acid in combination with B. breve NCIMB 702258 (P < 0.05). In addition, an altered profile of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition was observed, including higher concentrations of the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in adipose tissue (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with reductions in the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the concept that the metabolome is a composite of host and microbe metabolic activity and that the influence of the microbiota on host fatty acid composition can be manipulated by oral administration of CLA-producing microorganisms.
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21
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Sido B, Lasitschka F, Giese T, Gassler N, Funke B, Schröder-Braunstein J, Brunnemer U, Meuer SC, Autschbach F. A prominent role for mucosal cystine/cysteine metabolism in intestinal immunoregulation. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:179-91. [PMID: 18061179 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS T-cell receptor reactivity of intestinal lamina propria T cells (LP-T) critically depends on the capacity of local accessory cells to secrete cysteine. For T cells, cysteine is the limiting precursor for glutathione synthesis, a prerequisite for antigen-dependent proliferation. We aimed to determine the role of the redoxactive microenvironment for hyporeactivity of LP-T in normal human gut vs hyperreactivity of LP-T in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Parameters relevant to cysteine production, determined as acid-soluble thiol, by intestinal lamina propria macrophages (LP-MO) vs peripheral blood monocytes were investigated (L-[(35)S]cystine uptake via system x(c)(-), messenger RNA, and protein expression of the cystine transporter subunit xCT). Glutathione levels in LP-T and peripheral blood T cells were analyzed both spectrophotometrically and by immunofluorescent staining in situ and in vitro. RESULTS LP-MO from normal gut, unlike peripheral blood monocytes, are unable to take up cystine, which is due to a deficient expression of the transporter xCT in situ and in vitro. As a consequence, LP-MO do not secrete cysteine. The glutathione content in LP-T from normal gut is <50% of that in autologous peripheral blood T cells. In contrast, in inflammatory bowel disease, CD14(+)CD68(+) LP-MO express xCT and secrete substantial amounts of cysteine upon stimulation, which results in high glutathione levels and full T-cell receptor reactivity in LP-T. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidative microenvironment of LP-T in inflammatory bowel disease and the prooxidative microenvironment in normal gut explain the differential T-cell receptor reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Sido
- Department of Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Bogeski I, Mirčeski V, Hoth M. Probing the redox activity of T-lymphocytes deposited at electrode surfaces with voltammetric methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 46:197-203. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Quintana A, Schwindling C, Wenning AS, Becherer U, Rettig J, Schwarz EC, Hoth M. T cell activation requires mitochondrial translocation to the immunological synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14418-23. [PMID: 17726106 PMCID: PMC1964825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cell activation is required for the adaptive immune response. Formation of the immunological synapse (IS) between Th cells and antigen-presenting cells is essential for Th cell activation. IS formation induces the polarization and redistribution of many signaling molecules; however, very little is known about organelle redistribution during IS formation in Th cells. We show that formation of the IS induced cytoskeleton-dependent mitochondrial redistribution to the immediate vicinity of the IS. Using total internal reflection microscopy, we found that upon stimulation, the distance between the IS and mitochondria was decreased to values<200 nm. Consequently, mitochondria close to the IS took up more Ca2+ than the ones farther away from the IS. The redistribution of mitochondria to the IS was necessary to maintain Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane and Ca2+-dependent Th cell activation. Our results suggest that mitochondria are part of the signaling complex at the IS and that their localization close to the IS is required for Th cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Saarland University, Gebäude 58/59, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Quintana A, Schwarz EC, Schwindling C, Lipp P, Kaestner L, Hoth M. Sustained Activity of Calcium Release-activated Calcium Channels Requires Translocation of Mitochondria to the Plasma Membrane. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:40302-9. [PMID: 17056596 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607896200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration has multiple signaling functions. Sustained Ca(2+) influx across plasma membrane through calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels is required for T-cell development in the thymus, gene transcription, and proliferation and differentiation of naïve T-cells into armed effectors cells. Intracellular Ca(2+) signals are shaped by mitochondria, which function as a highly dynamic Ca(2+) buffer. However, the precise role of mitochondria for Ca(2+)-dependent T-cell activation is unknown. Here we have shown that mitochondria are translocated to the plasma membrane as a consequence of Ca(2+) influx and that this directed movement is essential to sustain Ca(2+) influx through CRAC channels. The decreased distance between mitochondria and the plasma membrane enabled mitochondria to take up large amounts of inflowing Ca(2+) at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of CRAC channels and sustaining Ca(2+) signals. Inhibition of kinesin-dependent mitochondrial movement along microtubules abolished mitochondrial translocation and reduced sustained Ca(2+) signals. Our results show how a directed movement of mitochondria is used to control important cellular functions such as Ca(2+)-dependent T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Reyes BMR, Danese S, Sans M, Fiocchi C, Levine AD. Redox equilibrium in mucosal T cells tunes the intestinal TCR signaling threshold. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:2158-66. [PMID: 16081782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immune tolerance in the healthy intestine is typified by lamina propria T cell (LPT) functional hyporesponsiveness after TCR engagement when compared with peripheral blood T cell (PBT). When LPT from an inflamed intestine are activated through TCR cross-linking, their responsiveness is stronger. LPT are thus capable of switching from a tolerant to a reactive state, toggling between high and low thresholds of activation. We demonstrate that in normal LPT global tyrosine phosphorylation upon TCR cross-linking or an increase in intracellular H2O2, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, is muted. Thus, we propose that LPT have a greater reducing capacity than PBT, shifting the balance between kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases in favor of the latter. Surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an indirect indicator of redox potential, and glutathione are significantly elevated in LPT compared with PBT, suggesting that elevated glutathione detoxifies TCR-induced reactive oxygen species. When glutathione is depleted, TCR-induced LPT tyrosine phosphorylation rises to PBT levels. Conversely, increasing glutathione in PBT attenuates tyrosine phosphorylation. In LPT isolated from inflamed mucosa, TCR cross-linking induces greater phosphorylation, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels are reduced compared with those from autologous noninflamed tissue. We conclude that the high TCR signaling threshold of mucosal T cells is tuned by intracellular redox equilibrium, whose dysregulation may mediate intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Rivera Reyes
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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26
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Zhu Y, Mahon BD, Froicu M, Cantorna MT. Calcium and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target the TNF-alpha pathway to suppress experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:217-24. [PMID: 15593122 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D-deficient IL-10 knockout (KO) mice develop accelerated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Removing dietary calcium from the diets of vitamin D-deficient IL-10 KO mice increased the severity of IBD. The mice fed either calcium or active vitamin D (1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25D3), developed an intermediate form of IBD, while the mice fed both calcium and 1,25D3 had the mildest form of IBD. TNF-alpha secretion from Con A-stimulated splenocytes was reduced by dietary calcium or 1,25D3 treatment. The IL-10 KO mice that received both high calcium diets and 1,25D3 treatments had the lowest TNF-alpha production. In the colons, a TNF-alpha-inducing transcription factor, LPS-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF), was inhibited by 1,25D3, but not by calcium. The inhibition of several TNF-alpha-related genes was associated with the decreased colitis in 1,25D3-treated IL-10 KO mice. Furthermore, fulminating IBD in vitamin D receptor/IL-10 double-KO mice corresponded with the increased expression of TNF-alpha and LITAF in the colon. Our results suggest that dietary calcium has independent effects on IBD severity and that 1,25D3 and high calcium together result in the maximal suppression of experimental IBD. The data support a model where dietary calcium and 1,25D3 treatment directly and indirectly inhibit the TNF-alpha pathway and suppress IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, College of Human Health and Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Tutsch E, Griesemer D, Schwarz A, Stallmach A, Hoth M. Two-photon analysis of calcium signals in T lymphocytes of intact lamina propria from human intestine. Eur J Immunol 2005; 34:3477-84. [PMID: 15495161 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lamina propria (LP) T cells of the human intestinal mucosa usually do not develop systemic immune responses despite permanent exposure to foreign antigens. The mechanisms maintaining this hyporeactivity in the normal gut are poorly understood. It is, at present, not clear what role the microenvironment of the mucosa plays for low T cell reactivity and in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation. Despite the importance of cytosolic Ca(2+) signals for T lymphocyte activation, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration measurements have so far only been performed in dissociated T cells, following disruption of the microenvironment. We used two-photon technology to measure Ca(2+) signals in identified T lymphocytes within the intact mucosa to minimize impact on tissue integrity while preserving the cellular microenvironment. We show that Ca(2+) signals in LP T cells correlate with the hyporeactivity of T cells in the intestinal immune system and furthermore link Ca(2+) signals with inflammatory bowel disease. Our data implicate that Ca(2+) signals in LP T cells do not depend on the microenvironment of the intact mucosa, since they are very similar to Ca(2+) signals in dissociated LP T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Tutsch
- Department of Physiology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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28
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Quintana A, Hoth M. Apparent cytosolic calcium gradients in T-lymphocytes due to fura-2 accumulation in mitochondria. Cell Calcium 2005; 36:99-109. [PMID: 15193858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fura-2 is the most common dye to measure cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i). To facilitate simultaneous imaging of many cells while preserving their cytosolic environment, fura-2 is often loaded into the cytosol in its membrane-permeant ester form. It has been reported that small amounts of fura-2 accumulate in intracellular compartments, an effect that is usually neglected. We show that either focal or non-focal stimulation methods induce large [Ca2+]i gradients in T-lymphocytes during both, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. Interfering with mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and by labeling mitochondria with MitoTracker, we demonstrate that [Ca2+]i gradients co-localize with mitochondria and are attributable to mitochondrial fura-2 sequestration. Gradients could not be avoided by different loading protocols, compromising measurements of "real" [Ca2+]i gradients following T-cell stimulation. They were observed in human blood and lamina propria lymphocytes, Jurkat T-cells, mast cells, but not to the same extent in HEK-293 cells. Finally, we show that T-lymphocytes can be efficiently loaded with the membrane-impermeant fura-2 salt by electroporation and by osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles, which result in the loss of [Ca2+]i gradients. These methods are therefore suitable to study localized Ca2+ signals in large populations of T-cells while preserving their cytosolic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Quintana
- Department of Physiology, University of the Saarland, 66421 Hamburg/Saal, Germany.
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Quintana A, Griesemer D, Schwarz EC, Hoth M. Calcium-dependent activation of T-lymphocytes. Pflugers Arch 2004; 450:1-12. [PMID: 15806400 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-004-1364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of T-lymphocytes requires stimulation of T-cell receptors (TCR) and co-stimulatory signals. Among different signalling cascades, TCR engagement induces Ca(2+) entry through plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels, which is an indispensable step for T-cells to expand clonally and to acquire effector functions. The Ca(2+) channels are activated by depletion of Ca(2+) stores and are called Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Ca(2+) influx through CRAC channels is also controlled, directly or indirectly, by K(+) channels, Ca(2+)-ATPases, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) buffers. We review the functional implications of these transporters, organelles and buffers and develop a model of Ca(2+) signal generation that depends mainly on their relative mutual localization. This model offers the possibility of controlling amplitude and kinetics of Ca(2+) signals in T-cells. Decoding of various Ca(2+) signals allows differential activation of the transcription factor families nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Variation of amplitude and kinetics of Ca(2+) signals thus is an important mechanism for modulating the specificity of T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Quintana
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Gebäude 58, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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