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He C, Guo L, Zheng M, Peng H, Zhang X, Fan C, Zhao X, Gong P, Deng Z, Xu G, Chen C. Electrophysiological Changes on Laryngeal Motor Neuropathways Cause Voice Disorders for Postradiotherapy Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Voice 2024:S0892-1997(24)00115-2. [PMID: 38631941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored electrophysiological changes in the laryngeal motor neuropathway and determined whether lesions in the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) and its descending tract contribute to voice deterioration and peripheral nerve palsy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) postradiotherapy (RT). STUDY DESIGNS Prospective cohort study. METHODS Twenty-two patients with NPC at 2 to 4years post-RT (8 female and 14 male), 22 patients with NPC at 8 to 10years post-RT (8 female and 14 male), and 22 healthy individuals (9 female and 13 male) were selected to test their magnetic evoked potentials (MEP), motor nerve conduction, and voice quality using transcranial magnetic stimulation, laryngeal electromyography, and the XION DiVAS acoustic analysis software. Three groups were matched according to approximate age. Multiple comparisons were performed among the three groups. RESULTS The voice quality of post-RT patients with NPC deteriorated compared to that of healthy individuals. Bilateral LMC and their corticonuclear tracts to the bilateral ambiguous nuclei of post-RT patients with NPC were impaired according to multigroup comparisons of MEP amplitudes, latencies, and resting motor thresholds. The vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) of post-RT patients with NPC were impaired according to multigroup comparisons of the amplitude and latencies of the compound muscle action potential and latencies of f-waves. CONCLUSIONS The voice quality of patients with NPC deteriorated after RT. The pathogenesis of post-RT voice deterioration may involve radiation-induced injuries to the vagus, RLN, and bilateral LMC. Furthermore, radiation-induced injuries to the bilateral LMC may contribute to vagus and RLN palsies. These findings support the use of transcranial approaches to treating voice disorders and peripheral nerve palsies in post-RT patients with NPC. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2100054425; Electrophysiological Study of Vocal-Fold Mobility Disorders After Radiotherapy for NPC Patients via Magnetic Evoked Potential and Their Correlation with Voice Quality Assessment; https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=144429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Libing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingfen Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhe Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinggui Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeyi Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuijie Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Brown S, Nores GDG, Sarker A, Ly C, Li C, Park HJ, Hespe GE, Gardenier J, Kuonqui K, Campbell A, Shin J, Kataru RP, Aras O, Mehrara BJ. Topical captopril: a promising treatment for secondary lymphedema. Transl Res 2023; 257:43-53. [PMID: 36736951 PMCID: PMC10192126 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated tissue fibrosis is an important regulator of lymphatic dysfunction in secondary lymphedema. However, TGF-β1 targeting can cause toxicity and autoimmune complications, limiting clinical utility. Angiotensin II (Ang II) modulates intracellular TGF-β1 signaling, and inhibition of Ang II production using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril, has antifibrotic efficacy in some pathological settings. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of ACE and Ang II in clinical lymphedema biopsy specimens from patients with unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and mouse models, and found that cutaneous ACE expression is increased in lymphedematous tissues. Furthermore, topical captopril decreases fibrosis, activation of intracellular TGF-β1 signaling pathways, inflammation, and swelling in mouse models of lymphedema. Captopril treatment also improves lymphatic function and immune cell trafficking by increasing collecting lymphatic pumping. Our results show that the renin-angiotensin system in the skin plays an important role in the regulation of fibrosis in lymphedema, and inhibition of this signaling pathway may hold merit for treating lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Brown
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gabriela D G Nores
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ananta Sarker
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Ly
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Claire Li
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason Gardenier
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Kuonqui
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adana Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyeon Shin
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Labate C, Panunzio A, De Carlo F, Zacheo F, De Matteis S, Barba MC, Carbonara U, Rizzo FL, Leo S, Forte S, Ditonno P, Tafuri A, Pagliarulo V. Current Knowledge on Radiation-Therapy-Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Prostate-Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review. URO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/uro3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the United States. Among the different available treatment options, radiation therapy is recommended for localized or even advanced disease. Erectile dysfunction (ED) often occurs after radiation therapy due to neurological, vascular, and endocrine mechanisms resulting in arterial tone alteration, pudendal-nerve neuropraxia, and lastly fibrosis. Considering the influence of quality of life on patients’ treatment choice, radiation-therapy-induced ED prevention and treatment are major issues. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize and discuss the current state of the art on radiation-therapy-induced ED in PCa patients in terms of pathophysiology and available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Labate
- Department of Urology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology and Andrology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Panunzio
- Department of Urology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Federico Zacheo
- Department of Urology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Sara De Matteis
- Department of Radiation Therapy, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Carbonara
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology and Andrology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Urology, Royal Surrey NHS Trust, London NW3 2PS, UK
| | | | - Silvana Leo
- Department of Oncology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Saverio Forte
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology and Andrology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology and Andrology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Qin X, Wang X, Tian M, Dong Z, Wang J, Wang C, Huang Q. The role of Andrographolide in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154537. [PMID: 36610122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence or absence of damage to the liver organ is crucial to a person's health. Nutritional disorders, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse are the main causes of liver disease. Liver transplantation is the last irrevocable option for liver disease and has become a serious economic burden worldwide. Andrographolide (AP) is one of the main active ingredients of Herba Andrographitis. It has several biological activities and has been reported to have protective and therapeutic effects against liver diseases. Earlier literature has been written on AP's role in treating inflammation and other diseases, and there has not been a systematic review on liver diseases. This review is dedicated to sorting out the research results of AP against liver diseases. Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and nanotechnology to improve bioavailability are discussed. Finally, an outlook and assessment of its future are provided. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed and web of Science databases were used to search all relevant literature on AP for liver disease up to 2022. RESULTS Studies have shown that AP plays an important role in different liver disease phenotypes, mainly through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AP regulates HO-1 and inhibits hepatitis virus replication. It affects the NF-κB pathway, downregulates inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and reduces liver damage. In preventing liver fibrosis, AP inhibits angiogenesis and activation of hepatic stellate cells and reduces oxidative stress involved in the Nrf2 and TGF-β1/Smad pathways. In addition, AP impedes the development of liver cancer by promoting apoptosis and autonomous phagocytosis in a cell-dependent way. Interestingly, miRNAs are involved in the therapeutic process of liver cancer and hepatic fibrosis. The poor solubility of AP limits the development of dosage forms. Therefore, the advent of nanoformulations has improved bioavailability. Although the effect of AP is dose- and time-dependent, the magnitude of its toxicity is not negligible. Some clinical trials have shown that AP has mild side effects. CONCLUSIONS AP, as an effective natural product, has a good effect on the liver disease through multiple pathways and targets. However, the dose reaches a certain level, leading to its toxicity and side effects. For better clinical application of AP, high-quality clinical and toxic intervention mechanisms are needed to validate current studies. In addition, modulation of miRNA-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma and liver fibrosis and synergistic action with drugs may be the future focus of AP. In conclusion, AP can be regarded as an important candidate for treating different liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Maoying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Zhaowei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sichuan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, No.51, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610042, PR. China.
| | - Qinwan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China.
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Liu Z, Chen M, Sun Y, Li X, Cao L, Ma X. Transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 is required for heparin-binding protein-induced acute lung injury and vascular leakage for transforming growth factor-β/Smad/Rho signaling pathway activation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22580. [PMID: 36189652 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200228rrrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding protein (HBP), as a granule protein secreted by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, participates in the pathophysiological process of sepsis. It has been reported that HBP is a biomarker of sepsis related to the severity of septic shock and organ dysfunction. HBP binds to vascular endothelial cells as a primary target site. However, it is still unclear whether HBP-binding protein receptors exist on the surface of endothelial cells. The effect of HBP on vascular permeability in sepsis and its mechanism needs to be explored. We conducted in vivo and in vitro studies and demonstrated that HBP binds to transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 (TGF-β-R2) as a ligand. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down analysis revealed that HBP mainly interacts with the extracellular domain of TGF-β-R2. HBP induces acute lung injury and vascular leakage via activation of the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. A permeability assay suggested that TGF-β-R2 is necessary for HBP-induced increased permeability. We also defined the role of HBP and its potential membrane receptor TGF-β-R2 in the blood-gas barrier in the pathogenesis of HBP-related acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yini Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Hsu PH, Chen YH, Huang PI, Hwang PA. Skin proteomic profiling of irradiation-induced fibrosis and its modulation by low molecular weight fucoidan via tight junction pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue after injury or disease leads to scar formation. Our knowledge of the role of nonmyocytes, especially fibroblasts, in cardiac injury and repair continues to increase with technological advances in both experimental and clinical studies. Here, we aim to elaborate on cardiac fibroblasts by describing their origins, dynamic cellular states after injury, and heterogeneity in order to understand their role in cardiac injury and repair. RECENT FINDINGS With the improvement in genetic lineage tracing technologies and the capability to profile gene expression at the single-cell level, we are beginning to learn that manipulating a specific population of fibroblasts could mitigate severe cardiac fibrosis and promote cardiac repair after injury. Cardiac fibroblasts play an indispensable role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. Activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts have time-dependent impacts on cardiac fibrosis. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in modulating fibroblast states, resulting in the alteration of fibrosis. Modulating a specific population of cardiac fibroblasts may provide new opportunities for identifying novel treatment options for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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Chargari C, Rassy E, Helissey C, Achkar S, Francois S, Deutsch E. Impact of radiation therapy on healthy tissues. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 376:69-98. [PMID: 36997270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has a fundamental role in the management of cancers. However, despite a constant improvement in radiotherapy techniques, the issue of radiation-induced side effects remains clinically relevant. Mechanisms of acute toxicity and late fibrosis are therefore important topics for translational research to improve the quality of life of patients treated with ionizing radiations. Tissue changes observed after radiotherapy are consequences of complex pathophysiology, involving macrophage activation, cytokine cascade, fibrotic changes, vascularization disorders, hypoxia, tissue destruction and subsequent chronic wound healing. Moreover, numerous data show the impact of these changes in the irradiated stroma on the oncogenic process, with interplays between tumor radiation response and pathways involved in the fibrotic process. The mechanisms of radiation-induced normal tissue inflammation are reviewed, with a focus on the impact of the inflammatory process on the onset of treatment-related toxicities and the oncogenic process. Possible targets for pharmacomodulation are also discussed.
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Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111748. [PMID: 34769176 PMCID: PMC8584003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. There is thus an urgent need to identify novel targets to prevent/treat scarring and postsurgical fibrosis in the eye. In this review, the latest progress in biological mechanisms underlying ocular fibrosis are discussed. We also summarize the current knowledge on preclinical studies based on viral and non-viral gene therapy, as well as chemical inhibitors, for targeting TGFβ or downstream effectors in fibrotic disorders of the eye. Moreover, the role of angiogenetic and biomechanical factors in ocular fibrosis is discussed, focusing on related preclinical treatment approaches. Moreover, we describe available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of therapies targeting TGFβ-dependent pathways, angiogenetic factors, and biomechanical factors, alone or in combination with other strategies, in ocular tissue fibrosis. Finally, the recent progress in cell-based therapies for treating fibrotic eye disorders is discussed. The increasing knowledge of these disorders in the eye and the promising results from testing of novel targeted therapies could offer viable perspectives for translation into clinical use.
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Molecular and Biologic Targets for Radiation Fibrosis: Implications for Rehabilitation. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-021-00321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nepon H, Safran T, Reece EM, Murphy AM, Vorstenbosch J, Davison PG. Radiation-Induced Tissue Damage: Clinical Consequences and Current Treatment Options. Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35:181-188. [PMID: 34526866 PMCID: PMC8432995 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a valuable tool in the treatment of numerous malignancies but, in certain cases, can also causes significant acute and chronic damage to noncancerous neighboring tissues. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of radiation-induced damage and the clinical implications it has for plastic surgeons across breast reconstruction, osteoradionecrosis, radiation-induced skin cancers, and wound healing. The current understanding of treatment modalities presented here include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, autologous fat grafting and stem cells, and pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Nepon
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tyler Safran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward M. Reece
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda M. Murphy
- Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Peter G. Davison
- Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 Induces the Development of Hypertrophic Scar by Upregulating TLR4 through Interacting with TAF15. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:3170261. [PMID: 34285657 PMCID: PMC8275406 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3170261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a complicated pathological process induced mainly by burns and wounds, with abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. PAPPA-AS1, a differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the HTS tissues, attracted our interests in its potential role and mechanism in the development and process of HTS. In the present study, the regulatory effect of lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway, as well as the molecular mechanism, was investigated. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in HTS tissues. PAPPA-AS1 was significantly upregulated in both HTS tissues and hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HTsFb) cells. The expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA were greatly elevated in HTsFb cells. By knocking down PAPPA-AS1, the proliferation of HTsFb cells, TLR4, and TGF-β1 signal pathway and the expression of fibrosis markers both in HTsFb cells and HTS tissues were suppressed. It was accompanied by the alleviated pathological state in the HTS tissues, which were significantly reversed by cotransfecting with the pcDNA3.1-TLR4 vector. Positive correlation and interaction were observed between PAPPA-AS1 and TAF15 and between TAF15 and the promoter of TLR4, respectively. In conclusion, lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 might induce the development of HTS by upregulating TLR4 through interacting with TAF15.
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Zhang P, Wang J, Luo W, Yuan J, Cui C, Guo L, Wu C. Kindlin-2 Acts as a Key Mediator of Lung Fibroblast Activation and Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:54-69. [PMID: 33761308 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0320oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal lung disease characterized by activation of lung fibroblasts and excessive deposition of collagen matrix. We show here that the concentrations of kindlin-2 and its binding partner PYCR1, a key enzyme for proline synthesis, are significantly increased in the lung tissues of human patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1 markedly increased the expression of kindlin-2 and PYCR1, resulting in increased kindlin-2 mitochondrial translocation, formation of the kindlin-2-PYCR1 complex, and proline synthesis. The concentrations of the kindlin-2-PYCR1 complex and proline synthesis were markedly reduced in response to pirfenidone or nintedanib, two clinically approved therapeutic drugs for pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, depletion of kindlin-2 alone was sufficient to suppress TGF-β1-induced increases of PYCR1 expression, proline synthesis, and fibroblast activation. Finally, using a bleomycin mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, we show that ablation of kindlin-2 effectively reduced the concentrations of PYCR1, proline, and collagen matrix and alleviate the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Our results suggest that kindlin-2 is a key promoter of lung fibroblast activation, collagen matrix synthesis, and pulmonary fibrosis, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting the kindlin-2 signaling pathway for control of this deadly lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China; and
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunhong Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Checker R, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Maurya DK, Bandekar M, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Chemical and biological basis for development of novel radioprotective drugs for cancer therapy. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:595-625. [PMID: 34181503 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes chemical changes in biological systems through direct interaction with the macromolecules or by causing radiolysis of water. This property of IR is harnessed in the clinic for radiotherapy in almost 50% of cancers patients. Despite the advent of stereotactic radiotherapy instruments and other advancements in shielding techniques, the inadvertent deposition of radiation dose in the surrounding normal tissue can cause late effects of radiation injury in normal tissues. Radioprotectors, which are chemical or biological agents, can reduce or mitigate these toxic side-effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and also during radiation accidents. The desired characteristics of an ideal radioprotector include low chemical toxicity, high risk to benefit ratio and specific protection of normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation without compromising the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major contributors of IR mediated toxicity, plethora of studies have highlighted the potential role of antioxidants to protect against IR induced damage. However, owing to the lack of any clinically approved radioprotector against whole body radiation, researchers have shifted the focus toward finding alternate targets that could be exploited for the development of novel agents. The present review provides a comprehensive insight in to the different strategies, encompassing prime molecular targets, which have been employed to develop radiation protectors/countermeasures. It is anticipated that understanding such factors will lead to the development of novel strategies for increasing the outcome of radiotherapy by minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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15
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Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in cancer patients receiving local thoracic radiation and bone marrow transplantation conditioning. It is divided into early-stage radiation pneumonitis and advanced radiation fibrosis of the lung. This severely hampers the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Meanwhile, RILI is a major factor limiting radiation doses in clinical practice, which affects the local control of cancer. Unfortunately, the mechanism of RILI is still not well defined, and there are no treatment options available for these patients. In this review we summarize the methods and agents used for the treatment and prevention of RILI, with the aim of increasing understanding of RILI.
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16
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Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy-Related Wound Morbidity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Perspectives for Radioprotective Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082258. [PMID: 32806601 PMCID: PMC7465163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities would undergo limb amputation. It was subsequently determined that the addition of radiation therapy (RT) delivered prior to (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) a limb-sparing surgical resection yielded equivalent survival outcomes to amputation in appropriate patients. Generally, neoadjuvant radiation offers decreased volume and dose of high-intensity radiation to normal tissue and increased chance of achieving negative surgical margins-but also increases wound healing complications when compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. This review elaborates on the current neoadjuvant/adjuvant RT approaches, wound healing complications in STS, and the potential application of novel radioprotective agents to minimize radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.
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17
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Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A, Turhal G, Topal H, Ceylan H, Donbaloglu F, Karadeniz Cerit K, Odongo RR. Anticarcinogenic effects of halofuginone on lung-derived cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1934-1944. [PMID: 32437065 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive form of malignancy, which is difficult to diagnose and is resistant to current chemotherapeutic treatment options. Molecular techniques have been used to investigate the mechanisms of action and the beneficial therapeutic effects of halofuginone (HF) in several cancers but not malignant mesotheliomas. In this study, the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of HF were investigated through its ability to deregulate EGFR downstream signalling cascade proteins in the pathologically aggressive malignant mesothelioma and non-small-cell lung cancer cells. We showed that administration of HF at nanomolar concentrations induced a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of cancer cells, made cell cycle arrest, inhibited proliferation of cancer cells via STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways and triggered the apoptotic cascade via p38MAPK. We demonstrated that the apoptotic cell death mechanism was mediated by enhanced activation of caspase-3 and concomitant PARP cleavage, downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in both malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer cells. In particular, we demonstrated that cancer cells were more sensitive to HF treatment than normal mesothelial cells. Taken together, this study suggests that HF exerts its anticancer effects in lung-derived cancers by targeting signal transduction pathways mainly through deregulation of ERK1/2, STAT3 and p38MAPK to reduce cancer cell viability, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Thus, HF might be considered as a potential agent against malignant mesothelioma and/or lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Demiroglu-Zergeroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gulseren Turhal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Halime Topal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hurmuz Ceylan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fadime Donbaloglu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kivilcim Karadeniz Cerit
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ronald R Odongo
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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18
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Rogers MJ, Ramirez-Fort MK, Kashanian JA, Broster SA, Matta J, Mahase SS, Fort DV, Niaz MJ, McClelland S, Bander NH, Fort M, Lange CS, Schlegel P, Mulhall JP. Prostatic irradiation-induced sexual dysfunction: A review and multidisciplinary guide to management in the radical radiotherapy era (Part II on Urological Management). Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:619-624. [PMID: 32549795 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Radiotherapy is a curative option that is administered via external beam radiation, brachytherapy, or in combination. Sexual dysfunction is a common toxicity following radiotherapy, similar to men undergoing radical prostatectomy, but the etiology is different. The pathophysiology of radiation-induced sexual dysfunction is multi-factorial, and the toxicity is a major cause of impaired quality of life among long-term prostate cancer survivors. Management of a patient's sexual function during and after radiotherapy requires multidisciplinary coordination of care between radiation oncology, urology, psychiatry, pharmacy, and dermatology. This review provides a framework for clinicians to better understand prostatic radiotherapy-induced sexual dysfunction diagnosis, evaluation, and a patient-centered approach to toxicity preventive strategies and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Rogers
- Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Marigdalia K Ramirez-Fort
- Life Sciences, BioFort Corp., Guaynabo, PR, United States.,Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | | | - Seth A Broster
- Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jaime Matta
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - Sean S Mahase
- Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Digna V Fort
- Life Sciences, BioFort Corp., Guaynabo, PR, United States
| | - M Junaid Niaz
- Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Neil H Bander
- Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Migdalia Fort
- Life Sciences, BioFort Corp., Guaynabo, PR, United States
| | - Christopher S Lange
- Life Sciences, BioFort Corp., Guaynabo, PR, United States.,Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Peter Schlegel
- Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - John P Mulhall
- Sexual and Reproductive Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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19
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibition activates a pathway that branches from the canonical amino acid response in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8900-8911. [PMID: 32253314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913788117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways that sense amino acid abundance are integral to tissue homeostasis and cellular defense. Our laboratory has previously shown that halofuginone (HF) inhibits the prolyl-tRNA synthetase catalytic activity of glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS), thereby activating the amino acid response (AAR). We now show that HF treatment selectively inhibits inflammatory responses in diverse cell types and that these therapeutic benefits occur in cells that lack GCN2, the signature effector of the AAR. Depletion of arginine, histidine, or lysine from cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes recapitulates key aspects of HF treatment, without utilizing GCN2 or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway signaling. Like HF, the threonyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor borrelidin suppresses the induction of tissue remodeling and inflammatory mediators in cytokine-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes without GCN2, but both aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) inhibitors are sensitive to the removal of GCN1. GCN1, an upstream component of the AAR pathway, binds to ribosomes and is required for GCN2 activation. These observations indicate that aaRS inhibitors, like HF, can modulate inflammatory response without the AAR/GCN2 signaling cassette, and that GCN1 has a role that is distinct from its activation of GCN2. We propose that GCN1 participates in a previously unrecognized amino acid sensor pathway that branches from the canonical AAR.
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20
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Parichatikanond W, Luangmonkong T, Mangmool S, Kurose H. Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis and Cancer: Focusing on TGF-β Signaling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:34. [PMID: 32211422 PMCID: PMC7075814 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a common mediator of cancer progression and fibrosis. Fibrosis can be a significant pathology in multiple organs, including the heart. In this review, we explain how inhibitors of TGF-β signaling can work as antifibrotic therapy. After cardiac injury, profibrotic mediators such as TGF-β, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1 simultaneously activate cardiac fibroblasts, resulting in fibroblast proliferation and migration, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, and myofibroblast differentiation, which ultimately lead to the development of cardiac fibrosis. The consequences of fibrosis include a wide range of cardiac disorders, including contractile dysfunction, distortion of the cardiac structure, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure. Among various molecular contributors, TGF-β and its signaling pathways which play a major role in carcinogenesis are considered master fibrotic mediators. In fact, recently the inhibition of TGF-β signaling pathways using small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and gene deletion has shown that the progression of several cancer types was suppressed. Therefore, inhibitors of TGF-β signaling are promising targets for the treatment of tissue fibrosis and cancers. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and cancer. We will review recent in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding antifibrotic and anticancer actions of TGF-β inhibitors. In addition, we also present available clinical data on therapy based on inhibiting TGF-β signaling for the treatment of cancers and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theerut Luangmonkong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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O'Sullivan MJ, Mitchel JA, Das A, Koehler S, Levine H, Bi D, Nagel ZD, Park JA. Irradiation Induces Epithelial Cell Unjamming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:21. [PMID: 32117962 PMCID: PMC7026004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy and mature epithelial layer is ordinarily quiescent, non-migratory, solid-like, and jammed. However, in a variety of circumstances the layer transitions to a phase that is dynamic, migratory, fluid-like and unjammed. This has been demonstrated in the developing embryo, the developing avian airway, the epithelial layer reconstituted in vitro from asthmatic donors, wounding, and exposure to mechanical stress. Here we examine the extent to which ionizing radiation might similarly provoke epithelial layer unjamming. We exposed primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells maintained in air-liquid interface (ALI) to sub-therapeutic doses (1 Gy) of ionizing radiation (IR). We first assessed: (1) DNA damage by measuring p-H2AX, (2) the integrity of the epithelial layer by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and (3) the extent of epithelial cell differentiation by detecting markers of differentiated airway epithelial cells. As expected, IR exposure induced DNA damage but, surprisingly, disrupted neither normal differentiation nor the integrity of the epithelial cell layer. We then measured cell shape and cellular migration to determine the extent of the unjamming transition (UJT). IR caused cell shape elongation and increased cellular motility, both of which are hallmarks of the UJT as previously confirmed. To understand the mechanism of IR-induced UJT, we inhibited TGF-β receptor activity, and found that migratory responses were attenuated. Together, these observations show that IR can provoke epithelial layer unjamming in a TGF-β receptor-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amit Das
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephan Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Ejaz A, Greenberger JS, Rubin PJ. Understanding the mechanism of radiation induced fibrosis and therapy options. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Kun C, Tao L, Leiyuan H, Yunhao F, Ning W, Zhe L, Yuanyuan C, Xiao L, Hongran Q, Jianming C, Fu G, Yanyong Y. Heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation-induced lung injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1084-1091. [PMID: 31291700 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious complication in thoracic tumour radiotherapy. It often occurs in clinical chest radiotherapy and acute whole-body irradiation (WBI) caused by nuclear accidents or nuclear weapon attack. Some radioprotective agents have been reported to exert protective effects when given prior to radiation exposure, however, there is no treatment strategy available for preventing RILI. In this study, we demonstrated that heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST), a co-agonist of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like receptors 5 (TLR5), mitigated radiation-induced lung injury through the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway. We found that HKST alleviated lung hyperaemia and pathological damage after irradiation, indicated that HKST inhibits the early inflammatory reaction of radiation-induced lung injury. Then, for the first time, we observed HKST reduced collagen deposit induced by irradiation in the later phase (7-14 week) of RILI, and we found that HKST inhibited radiation-induced cell apoptosis in lung tissues. We found that HKST reduced the level of TGF-β and regulated its downstream signalling pathway. Finally, it was found that HKST inhibited radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung tissues. In conclusion, our data showed that HKST effectively mitigated RILI through regulating TGF-β, provide novel treatment strategy for RILI in whole-body irradiation and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Kun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Tao
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Leiyuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yunhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Ning
- Department of Respiratory, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Zhe
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yuanyuan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hongran
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Jianming
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Fu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yanyong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Epigenetic Changes in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4278658. [PMID: 30881591 PMCID: PMC6381575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4278658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) develops months to years after initial radiation exposure. RIF occurs when normal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts and lay down aberrant amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. One of the main drivers for developing RIF is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated immediately after radiation exposure. Generation of ROS is known to induce epigenetic changes and cause differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Several antioxidant compounds have been shown to prevent radiation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of RIF. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in irradiated fibroblast cells is essential to understand the development and prevention of RIF.
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25
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Soriano JL, Calpena AC, Souto EB, Clares B. Therapy for prevention and treatment of skin ionizing radiation damage: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:537-553. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1562254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Soriano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana C. Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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26
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Kowzun MJ, Rifkin WJ, Borab ZM, Ellison T, Soares MA, Wilson SC, Lotfi P, Bandekar A, Sofou S, Saadeh PB, Ceradini DJ. Topical inhibition of PUMA signaling mitigates radiation injury. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 26:413-425. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Kowzun
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - William J Rifkin
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Zachary M. Borab
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Trevor Ellison
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Marc A. Soares
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Stelios C. Wilson
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Philip Lotfi
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Amey Bandekar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringRutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringRutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Pierre B. Saadeh
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
| | - Daniel J. Ceradini
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic SurgeryNew York University Langone Health New York New York
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27
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Montay-Gruel P, Meziani L, Yakkala C, Vozenin MC. Expanding the therapeutic index of radiation therapy by normal tissue protection. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180008. [PMID: 29694234 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue damages induced by radiation therapy remain dose-limiting factors in radiation oncology and this is still true despite recent advances in treatment planning and delivery of image-guided radiation therapy. Additionally, as the number of long-term cancer survivors increases, unacceptable complications emerge and dramatically reduce the patients' quality of life. This means that patients and clinicians expect discovery of new options for the therapeutic management of radiation-induced complications. Over the past four decades, research has enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiological, cellular and molecular processes governing normal tissue toxicity. Those processes are complex and involve the cross-talk between the various cells of a tissue, including fibroblasts, endothelial, immune and epithelial cells as well as soluble paracrine factors including growth factors and proteases. We will review the translatable pharmacological approaches that have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse radiation injuries based upon the targeting of cellular and signalling pathways. We will summarize the different steps of the research strategy, from the definition of initial biological hypotheses to preclinical studies and clinical translation. We will also see how novel research and therapeutic hypotheses emerge along the way as well as briefly highlight innovative approaches based upon novel radiotherapy delivery procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM, U1030, F-94805, Villejuif, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de médecine du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, Paris, France
| | - Chakradhar Yakkala
- Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Intercellular communications-redox interactions in radiation toxicity; potential targets for radiation mitigation. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:3-16. [PMID: 29911259 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, using ionizing radiation (IR) is necessary for clinical, agricultural, nuclear energy or industrial applications. Accidental exposure to IR after a radiation terror or disaster poses a threat to human. In contrast to the old dogma of radiation toxicity, several experiments during the last two recent decades have revealed that intercellular signaling and communications play a key role in this procedure. Elevated level of cytokines and other intercellular signals increase oxidative damage and inflammatory responses via reduction/oxidation interactions (redox system). Intercellular signals induce production of free radicals and inflammatory mediators by some intermediate enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NADPH oxidase, and also via triggering mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, these signals facilitate cell to cell contact and increasing cell toxicity via cohort effect. Nitric oxide is a free radical with ability to act as an intercellular signal that induce DNA damage and changes in some signaling pathways in irradiated as well as non-irradiated adjacent cells. Targeting of these mediators by some anti-inflammatory agents or via antioxidants such as mitochondrial ROS scavengers opens a window to mitigate radiation toxicity after an accidental exposure. Experiments which have been done so far suggests that some cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-13 are some interesting targets that depend on irradiated organs and may help mitigate radiation toxicity. Moreover, animal experiments in recent years indicated that targeting of toll like receptors (TLRs) may be more useful for radioprotection and mitigation. In this review, we aimed to describe the role of intercellular interactions in oxidative injury, inflammation, cell death and killing effects of IR. Moreover, we described evidence on potential mitigation of radiation injury via targeting of these mediators.
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Liu L, Zhu Y, Noë M, Li Q, Pasricha PJ. Neuronal Transforming Growth Factor beta Signaling via SMAD3 Contributes to Pain in Animal Models of Chronic Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2252-2265.e2. [PMID: 29505748 PMCID: PMC5985212 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, associated with increased pancreatic expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB). It is not clear how these might contribute to pain. We investigated whether TGFB signaling via SMAD induces sensitization of pancreatic sensory neurons to increase nociception. METHODS CP was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by infusion of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some rats were given intrathecal infusions of TGFB1. CP was induced in control mice by administration of cerulein; we also studied β1glo/Ptf1acre-ER mice, which on induction overexpress TGFB1 in pancreatic acinar cells, and TGFBr1f/f-CGRPcreER mice, which have inducible disruption of TGFBr1 in calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive neurons. Dominant negative forms of human TGFBR2 and SMAD3 were overexpressed from viral vectors in rat pancreas. Some rats were given the SMAD3 inhibitors SIS3 or halofuginone. After induction of CP, mice were analyzed for pain in behavior tests or electrophysiologic studies of sensory neurons. Pancreatic nociceptor excitability was examined by patch-clamp techniques and nociception was measured by Von Frey Filament tests for referred somatic hyperalgesia and behavioral responses to pancreatic electrical stimulation. Pancreata were collected from mice and rats and analyzed histologically and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Overexpression of TGFB in pancreatic acinar cells of mice and infusion of TGFB1 into rats resulted in sensory neuron hyperexcitability, SMAD3 activation, and increased nociception. This was accompanied by a reduction in the transient A-type current in pancreas-specific sensory neurons in rats, a characteristic of nociceptive sensitization in animal models of CP. Conversely, pancreata from TGFBr1f/f-CGRPcreER mice, rats with pancreatic expression of dominant negative forms of human TGFBR2 or SMAD3, and rats given small molecule inhibitors of SMAD3 had attenuated neuronal sensitization and pain behavior following induction of CP. In contrast to findings from peripheral administration of TGFB1, intrathecal infusion of TGFB1 reduced hyperalgesia in rats with CP. CONCLUSIONS In pancreata of mice and rats, TGFB promotes peripheral nociceptive sensitization via a direct effect on primary sensory neurons mediated by intra-neuronal SMAD3. This is distinct from the central nervous system, where TGFB reduces nociception. These results provide an explanation for the link between fibrosis and pain in patients with CP. This signaling pathway might be targeted therapeutically to reduce pain in patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yaohui Zhu
- Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michaël Noë
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qian Li
- Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pankaj Jay Pasricha
- Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Shang XF, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu YQ, Guo X, Xu XS, Goto M, Li JC, Yang GZ, Lee KH. Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part I. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:775-828. [PMID: 28902434 PMCID: PMC6421866 DOI: 10.1002/med.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted tremendous attention from researchers worldwide since the 19th century. Over the past 200 years, many compounds from these two classes were isolated from natural sources, and most of them and their modified analogs possess significant bioactivities. Quinine and camptothecin are two of the most famous and important quinoline alkaloids, and their discoveries opened new areas in antimalarial and anticancer drug development, respectively. In this review, we survey the literature on bioactive alkaloids from these two classes and highlight research achievements prior to the year 2008 (Part I). Over 200 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antiviral, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antioxidant and other activities, were reviewed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Normal tissue injury from irradiation is an unfortunate consequence of radiotherapy. Technologic improvements have reduced the risk of normal tissue injury; however, toxicity causing treatment breaks or long-term side effects continues to occur in a subset of patients. The molecular events that lead to normal tissue injury are complex and span a variety of biologic processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, depletion of injured cells, senescence, and elaboration of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines. This article describes selected recent advances in normal tissue radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Bersini S, Gilardi M, Mora M, Krol S, Arrigoni C, Candrian C, Zanotti S, Moretti M. Tackling muscle fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to next generation engineered models to predict drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018. [PMID: 29518415 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fibrosis represents the end stage consequence of different diseases, among which muscular dystrophies, leading to severe impairment of muscle functions. Muscle fibrosis involves the production of several growth factors, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes and is strictly associated to inflammatory processes. Moreover, fibrosis causes profound changes in tissue properties, including increased stiffness and density, lower pH and oxygenation. Up to now, there is no therapeutic approach able to counteract the fibrotic process and treatments directed against muscle pathologies are severely impaired by the harsh conditions of the fibrotic environment. The design of new therapeutics thus need innovative tools mimicking the obstacles posed by the fibrotic environment to their delivery. This review will critically discuss the role of in vivo and 3D in vitro models in this context and the characteristics that an ideal model should possess to help the translation from bench to bedside of new candidate anti-fibrotic agents.
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Andrographolide Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in Mice: Involvement of TLR4/NF- κB and TGF- β1/Smad2 Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7808656. [PMID: 29743985 PMCID: PMC5878918 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7808656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and extracellular matrix accumulation. Blocking the activation of HSC and the inflammation response are two major effective therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis. In addition to the long history of using andrographolide (Andro) for inflammatory disorders, we aimed at elucidating the pharmacological effects and potential mechanism of Andro on liver fibrosis. In this study, liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the mice were intraperitoneally injected with Andro for 6 weeks. HSC cell line (LX-2) and primary HSC were also treated with Andro in vitro. Treatment of CCl4-induced mice with Andro decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Sirius red staining as well as the expression of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1. Furthermore, the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and NF-κB p50 was also inhibited by Andro. Additionally, in vitro data confirmed that Andro treatment not only attenuated the expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory factors but also blocked the TGF-β1/Smad2 and TLR4/NF-κB p50 pathways. These results demonstrate that Andro prevents liver inflammation and fibrosis, which is in correlation with the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2 and TLR4/NF-κB p50 pathways, highlighting Andro as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Juárez P, Fournier PGJ, Mohammad KS, McKenna RC, Davis HW, Peng XH, Niewolna M, Mauviel A, Chirgwin JM, Guise TA. Halofuginone inhibits TGF-β/BMP signaling and in combination with zoledronic acid enhances inhibition of breast cancer bone metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86447-86462. [PMID: 29156807 PMCID: PMC5689697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
More efficient therapies that target multiple molecular mechanisms are needed for the treatment of incurable bone metastases. Halofuginone is a plant alkaloid-derivative with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects. Here we demonstrate that halofuginone is an effective therapy for the treatment of bone metastases, through multiple actions that include inhibition of TGFβ and BMP-signaling. Halofuginone blocked TGF-β-signaling in MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells showed by inhibition of TGF-β–induced Smad-reporter, phosphorylation of Smad-proteins, and expression of TGF-β-regulated metastatic genes. Halofuginone increased inhibitory Smad7-mRNA and reduced TGF-β-receptor II protein. Proline supplementation but not Smad7-knockdown reversed halofuginone-inhibition of TGF-β-signaling. Halofuginone also decreased BMP-signaling. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells with halofuginone reduced the BMP-Smad-reporter (BRE)4, Smad1/5/8-phosphorylation and mRNA of the BMP-regulated gene Id-1. Halofuginone decreased immunostaining of phospho-Smad2/3 and phospho-Smad1/5/8 in cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, halofuginone decreased tumor-take and growth of orthotopic-tumors. Mice with breast or prostate bone metastases treated with halofuginone had significantly less osteolysis than control mice. Combined treatment with halofuginone and zoledronic-acid significantly reduced osteolytic area more than either treatment alone. Thus, halofuginone reduces breast and prostate cancer bone metastases in mice and combined with treatment currently approved by the FDA is an effective treatment for this devastating complication of breast and prostate-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Juárez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Pierrick G J Fournier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Holly W Davis
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiang H Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria Niewolna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alain Mauviel
- Institute Curie, Orsay, France.,INSERM U1021, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR3347, Orsay, France.,Université Paris XI, Orsay, France
| | - John M Chirgwin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Leng X, Fang P, Lin H, An J, Tan X, Zhang C, Wu D, Shen W, Qiu S. Structural MRI research in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy: A DTI and VBM study. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6091-6096. [PMID: 29113251 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the brain lobes following radiotherapy (RT) for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at distinct times. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 3D-T1-weighted imaging was performed in 70 age- and sex-matched subjects, 24 of whom were pre-treatment patients. The patients were divided into three groups, according to the time following completion of RT. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and gray matter (GM) volume were determined. The DTI data were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics and the GM volume was analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Compared with the pre-RT group, the mean FA values in the left parietal lobe white matter (WM) and right cerebellum decreased significantly in the post-RT 0-6 month group (P<0.05). In addition, the mean FA values in the right parietal lobe WM decreased significantly in the post-RT 6-12 month group (P<0.05), compared with the pre-RT group. The FA level in the right temporal lobe remained significantly decreased, compared with that in the pre-RT group (P<0.05) for 1 year after RT. Furthermore, compared with pre-RT group, the GM volume in the bilateral frontal lobe, right occipital lobe, left parietal lobe, right temporal lobe and left cerebellum decreased significantly in the post-RT 0-6 month group (P<0.05), and in the bilateral temporal lobe, parietal lobe, right frontal lobe and left cerebellum, the GM volume decreased significantly in the post-RT 6-12 month group (P<0.05). The GM volume in the right temporal lobe, bilateral frontal lobe and bilateral cerebellum remained significantly decreased compared with that in the pre-RT group (P<0.05) for 1 year after RT. A combination of DTI and VBM may be used to determine radiation-induced brain injury in patients treated for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Leng
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fang
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Huan Lin
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie An
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Wu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Wen Shen
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Jacobson LK, Johnson MB, Dedhia RD, Niknam-Bienia S, Wong AK. Impaired wound healing after radiation therapy: A systematic review of pathogenesis and treatment. JPRAS Open 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Cao K, Lei X, Liu H, Zhao H, Guo J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Cheng Y, Liu C, Cui J, Li B, Cai J, Gao F, Yang Y. Polydatin alleviated radiation-induced lung injury through activation of Sirt3 and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3264-3276. [PMID: 28609013 PMCID: PMC5706589 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the most common and fatal complications of thoracic radiotherapy. It is characterized with two main features including early radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis in later phase. This study was to investigate the potential radioprotective effects of polydatin (PD), which was shown to exert anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative capacities in other diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that PD-mitigated acute inflammation and late fibrosis caused by irradiation. PD treatment inhibited TGF-β1-Smad3 signalling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, radiation-induced imbalance of Th1/Th2 was also alleviated by PD treatment. Besides its free radical scavenging capacity, PD induced a huge increase of Sirt3 in culture cells and lung tissues. The level of Nrf2 and PGC1α in lung tissues was also elevated. In conclusion, our data showed that PD attenuated radiation-induced lung injury through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased the expression of Sirt3, suggesting PD as a novel potential radioprotector for RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hainan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Forrester HB, de Kretser DM, Leong T, Hagekyriakou J, Sprung CN. Follistatin attenuates radiation-induced fibrosis in a murine model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173788. [PMID: 28301516 PMCID: PMC5354399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fibrosis can be a disabling, severe side effect of radiotherapy that can occur in patients, and for which there is currently no effective treatment. The activins, proteins which are members of the TGFβ superfamily, have a major role in stimulating the inflammatory response and subsequent fibrosis. Follistatin is an endogenous protein that binds the activins virtually irreversibly and inhibits their actions. These studies test if follistatin can attenuate the fibrotic response using a murine model of radiation-induced fibrosis. Experimental design C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with follistatin 24 hours prior to irradiation. Mice were irradiated in a 10 x 10 mm square area of the right hind leg with 35 Gy and were given follistatin 24 hours before radiation and three times a week for six months following. Leg extension was measured, and tissue was collected for histological and molecular analysis to evaluate the progression of the radiation-induced fibrosis. Results Leg extension was improved in follistatin treated mice compared to vehicle treated mice at six months after irradiation. Also, epidermal thickness and cell nucleus area of keratinocytes were decreased by the follistatin treatment compared to the cells in irradiated skin of control mice. Finally, the gene expression of transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1), and smooth muscle actin (Acta2) were decreased in the irradiated skin and Acta2 and inhibin βA subunit (Inhba) were decreased in the irradiated muscle of the follistatin treated mice. Conclusions Follistatin attenuated the radiation-induced fibrotic response in irradiated mice. These studies provide the data to support further investigation of the use of follistatin to reduce radiation-induced fibrosis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B. Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M. de Kretser
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor Leong
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jim Hagekyriakou
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl N. Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) have conserved carboxy-terminal MH2 domains but highly divergent amino-terminal regions when compared with receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) and common-partner Smads (co-Smads). Smad6 preferentially inhibits Smad signaling initiated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors ALK-3 and ALK-6, whereas Smad7 inhibits both transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)- and BMP-induced Smad signaling. I-Smads also regulate some non-Smad signaling pathways. Here, we discuss the vertebrate I-Smads, their roles as inhibitors of Smad activation and regulators of receptor stability, as scaffolds for non-Smad signaling, and their possible roles in the nucleus. We also discuss the posttranslational modification of I-Smads, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, acetylation, and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Fan X, Xie J, Tian J. Reducing Cardiac Fibrosis: Na/K-ATPase Signaling Complex as a Novel Target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6. [PMID: 29034264 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process in cardiac disease and may lead to heart failure. It can also cause sudden death even in those without cardiac symptoms. Tissue fibrosis can be categorized into two categories: replacement fibrosis (also called reparative fibrosis) and reactive fibrosis. In replacement fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and accumulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins are the initial steps in forming scarlike fibrotic tissue after acute cardiac injury and cardiac cell necrosis. Reactive fibrosis can be formed in response to hormonal change and pressure or volume overload. Experimental studies in animals have identified important pathways such as the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the endothelin pathway that contribute to fibrosis formation. Despite the fact that clinical trials using RAAS inhibitors as therapies for reducing cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac function have been promising, heart failure is still the leading cause of deaths in the United States. Intensive efforts have been made to find novel targets and to develop new treatments for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in the past few decades. The Na/K-ATPase, a canonical ion transporter, has been shown to also function as a signal transducer and prolonged activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling has been found to promote the formation of cardiac fibrosis. Novel tools that block the activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling have been developed and have shown promise in reducing cardiac fibrosis. This review will discuss the recent development of novel molecular targets, focusing on the Na/K-ATPase signaling complex as a therapeutic target in treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - J Xie
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - J Tian
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Radioprotection as a Method to Enhance the Therapeutic Ratio of Radiotherapy. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40854-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lamora A, Talbot J, Mullard M, Brounais-Le Royer B, Redini F, Verrecchia F. TGF-β Signaling in Bone Remodeling and Osteosarcoma Progression. J Clin Med 2016; 5:E96. [PMID: 27827889 PMCID: PMC5126793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most prevalent malignant primary bone tumors in children. Despite intensive efforts to improve both chemotherapeutics and surgical management, 40% of all osteosarcoma patients succumb to the disease. Specifically, the clinical outcome for metastatic osteosarcoma remains poor; less than 30% of patients who present metastases will survive five years after initial diagnosis. Treating metastatic osteosarcoma thus remains a challenge. One of the main characteristics of osteosarcomas is their ability to deregulate bone remodelling. The invasion of bone tissue by tumor cells indeed affects the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. This deregulation induces the release of cytokines or growth factors initially trapped in the bone matrix, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which in turn promote tumor progression. Over the past years, there has been considerable interest in the TGF-β pathway within the cancer research community. This review discusses the involvement of the TGF-β signalling pathway in osteosarcoma development and in their metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lamora
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
- INSERM Liliane Bettencourt School, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Julie Talbot
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Mathilde Mullard
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Benedicte Brounais-Le Royer
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
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Chen Y, Liu W, Wang P, Hou H, Liu N, Gong L, Wang Y, Ji K, Zhao L, Wang P. Halofuginone inhibits radiotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:71341-71352. [PMID: 27533085 PMCID: PMC5342082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used to treat many different human tumors. Paradoxically, radiation can activate TGF-β1 signaling and induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with enhanced tumor progression. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of halofuginone, a plant-derived alkaloid that has been shown to inhibit TGF-β1 signaling, on radiation-induced EMT and explored the underlying mechanisms using a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft model. The cells and animals were divided into five treatment groups: Normal Control (NC), Halofuginone alone (HF), Radiotherapy alone (RT), Radiotherapy combined with Halofuginone (RT+HF), and Radiotherapy combined with the TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542 (RT+SB). Radiation induced EMT in lung cancer cells and xenografts, as evidenced by increased expression of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin, and reduced expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and Cytokeratin. Further, radiotherapy treatment increased the migration and invasion of LLC cells. Halofuginone reversed the EMT induced by radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited the migration and invasion of LLC cells. In addition, TGF-β1/Smad signaling was activated by radiotherapy and the mRNA expression of Twist and Snail was elevated; this effect was reversed by halofuginone or the TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542. Our results demonstrate that halofuginone inhibits radiation-induced EMT, and suggest that suppression of TGF-β1 signaling may be responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hailing Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ningbo Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Linlin Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Youyou Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lujun Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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45
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Zeng L, Dang TA, Schunkert H. Genetics links between transforming growth factor β pathway and coronary disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:237-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Single-cell analysis reveals IGF-1 potentiation of inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad pathway of fibrosis in human keratocytes in vitro. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34373. [PMID: 27687492 PMCID: PMC5043377 DOI: 10.1038/srep34373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal wound healing is often affected by TGF-β–mediated fibrosis and scar formation. Guided fibrosis with IGF-1 and antifibrotic substances might maintain corneal transparency. Primary human corneal keratocytes under serum-free conditions were used as a model of corneal stromal wounding, with markers of corneal fibrosis and opacity studied under TGF-β2 stimulation. Single-cell imaging flow cytometry was used to determine nuclearization of Smad3, and intracellular fluorescence intensity of Smad7 and the corneal crystallin aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1. Extracellular matrix proteoglycans keratocan and biglycan were quantified using ELISAs. On the TGF-β2 background, the keratocytes were treated with IGF-1, and suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid (SAHA) or halofuginone ± IGF-1. IGF-1 alone decreased Smad3 nuclearization and increased aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 expression, with favorable extracellular matrix proteoglycan composition. SAHA induced higher Smad7 levels and inhibited translocation of Smad3 to the nucleus, also when combined with IGF-1. Immunofluorescence showed that myofibroblast transdifferentiation is attenuated and appearance of fibroblasts is favored by IGF-1 alone and in combination with the antifibrotic substances. The TGF-β/Smad pathway of fibrosis and opacity was inhibited by IGF-1, and further with SAHA in particular, and with halofuginone. IGF-1 is thus a valid aid to antifibrotic treatment, with potential for effective and transparent corneal wound healing.
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Calik M, Yavas G, Calik SG, Yavas C, Celik ZE, Sargon MF, Esme H. Amelioration of radiation-induced lung injury by halofuginone: An experimental study in Wistar-Albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:638-647. [PMID: 27457799 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116660753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate effects of halofuginone (H) on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), 60 rats were divided into six groups: Group (G) 1 control, G2 radiotherapy (RT) only, G3 and G4 2. 5 and 5 μg H and G5 and G6 RT + 2.5 and 5 μg H groups, respectively. A single dose of 12 Gy RT was given to both lungs. H was applied intraperitoneally with daily doses, until animals were killed at 6 and 16 weeks after RT. At 6th and 16th weeks of RT, five rats from each group were killed. Lung tissues were dissected for light and electron microscopy. Chronic inflammation, fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF)-β scores of all study groups were significantly different at 6th and 16th week ( p < 0.001). Chronic inflammation, fibrosis and TGF-β scores of G2 were higher than G5 and G6 at 6th and 16th weeks of RT. At 16th week, fibrosis and TGF-β scores of G5 were higher than G6 ( p = 0.040 and 0.028, respectively). Electron microscopical findings also supported these results. Therefore, H may ameliorate RILI. The effect of the H was more prominent at higher dose and after long-term follow-up. These findings should be clarified with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Calik
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - G Yavas
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - S G Calik
- 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - C Yavas
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Z E Celik
- 4 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - M F Sargon
- 5 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Esme
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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48
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Chai Y, Su J, Shi F, Wang J, Che SM. The effect of interferon gamma on conventional fractionated radiation-induced damage and fibrosis in the pelvic tissue of rabbits. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 9:755-62. [PMID: 27274263 PMCID: PMC4868868 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate the effect of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) on conventional fractionated radiation–induced damage and fibrosis in ureter and colorectal mucosa. Fifty-two rabbits were randomly divided into three groups comprising a conventional radiation group, an IFN-γ group, and a control group. X-rays were used to irradiate the pelvic tissues of the rabbits in the IFN-γ and conventional radiation groups. Five days after radiation exposure, the rabbits in the IFN-γ group were administered 250,000 U/kg IFN-γ intramuscularly once a week for 5 weeks. The rabbits in the conventional radiation group received 5.0 mL/kg saline. The rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks postradiation, and the rectal and ureteral tissues within the radiation areas were collected. The results showed that the morphology of rectal and ureteral tissues was changed by X-ray radiation. The degree of damage at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, but not at 16 weeks, postradiation was significantly different between the IFN-γ and conventional radiation groups. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA in the ureter and colorectal mucosa of the IFN-γ group was significantly lower than that in the conventional radiation group at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks postradiation, but it was still higher than that in the control group. There were significant differences in the expression of collagen III among the three groups. IFN-γ can inhibit the radiation-induced upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA and collagen III protein in the ureter and colorectal mucosa and attenuate radiation-induced damage and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlan Chai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao Min Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Duan F, Cheng J, Jiang J, Chang J, Zhang Y, Qiu S. Whole-brain changes in white matter microstructure after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:4453-4459. [PMID: 27272052 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced local white matter (WM) damage has been observed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) within a priori-defined regions of interest following radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we aimed to detect WM changes throughout the brain of NPC patients by DTI. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to analyze DTI data from 81 NPC patients. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were quantified across the whole brain in separate groups: pre-RT, and <6, 6-12, and >12 months post-RT. We found that fractional anisotropy values were significantly lower in the right frontal, parietal, and occipital WM <6 months post-RT compared with pre-RT and remained significantly lower in the right frontal and parietal WM at >12 months. MD values were significantly higher in the right occipital, bilateral temporal, right occipital-temporal junction, left parietal, left centrum semiovale, and left frontal-parietal junction WM <6 months post-RT and remained higher in the right occipital WM at >12 months. This study suggests that changes in white matter microstructure following RT for NPC were widespread, complex, and dynamic. Diffusion tensor imaging with TBSS analysis allows for early non-invasive detection of RT-induced WM damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Duan
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Medical Imaging Center, The first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16# Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 585, Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 585, Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, The first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16# Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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50
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Lamora A, Mullard M, Amiaud J, Brion R, Heymann D, Redini F, Verrecchia F. Anticancer activity of halofuginone in a preclinical model of osteosarcoma: inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14413-27. [PMID: 26015407 PMCID: PMC4546476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the main malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents for whom the prognosis remains poor, especially when metastases are present at diagnosis. Because we recently demonstrated that TGF-β/Smad cascade plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma metastatic progression, we investigated the effect of halofuginone, identified as an inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad3 cascade, on osteosarcoma progression. A preclinical model of osteosarcoma was used to evaluate the impact of halofuginone on tumor growth, tumor microenvironment and metastasis development. In vivo experiments showed that halofuginone reduces primary tumor growth and lung metastases development. In vitro experiments demonstrated that halofuginone decreases cell viability mainly by its ability to induce caspase-3 dependent cell apoptosis. Moreover, halofuginone inhibits the TGF-β/Smad3 cascade and the response of TGF-β key targets involved in the metastases dissemination process such as MMP-2. In addition, halofuginone treatment affects the “vicious cycle” established between tumor and bone cells, and therefore the tumor-associated bone osteolysis. Together, these results demonstrate that halofuginone decreased primary osteosarcoma development and associated lung metastases by targeting both the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Using halofuginone may be a promising therapeutic strategy against tumor progression of osteosarcoma specifically against lung metastases dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lamora
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Inserm Liliane Bettencourt School, France
| | - Mathilde Mullard
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
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