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Zhai S, Zhang X, Jiang M, Liu Y, Qu G, Cui X, Hirschbiegel CM, Liu Y, Alves C, Lee YW, Jiang G, Yan B, Rotello VM. Nanoparticles with intermediate hydrophobicity polarize macrophages to plaque-specific Mox phenotype via Nrf2 and HO-1 activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133590. [PMID: 38280324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Mox macrophages were identified recently and are closely associated with atherosclerosis. Considering the potential health risks and the impact on macrophage modulation, this study investigated the Mox polarization of macrophages induced by nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable hydrophobicity. One nanoparticle (C4NP) with intermediate hydrophobicity efficiently upregulated the mRNA expression of Mox-related genes including HO-1, Srxn1, Txnrd1, Gsr, Vegf and Cox-2 through increased accumulation of Nrf2 at a nontoxic concentration in both resting and LPS-challenged macrophages. Additionally, C4NP impaired phagocytic capacity by 20% and significantly increased the secretion of cytokines, including TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10. Mechanistic studies indicated that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated by 1.5-fold and 2.6-fold in resting and LPS-challenged macrophages respectively. Phosphorylated p62 was increased by 2.5-fold in resting macrophages and maintained a high level in LPS-challenged ones, both of which partially accounted for the significant accumulation of Nrf2 and HO-1. Notably, C4NP depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential by more than 50% and switched macrophages from oxidative phosphorylation-based aerobic metabolism to glycolysis for energy supply. Overall, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism potentially involving ROS-Nrf2-p62 signaling in mediating macrophage Mox polarization, holding promise in ensuring safer and more efficient use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Mingdi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | | | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Colby Alves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Wu CY, Cilic A, Pak O, Dartsch RC, Wilhelm J, Wujak M, Lo K, Brosien M, Zhang R, Alkoudmani I, Witte B, Pedersen F, Watz H, Voswinckel R, Günther A, Ghofrani HA, Brandes RP, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Sommer N, Weissmann N, Hadzic S. CEACAM6 as a Novel Therapeutic Target to Boost HO-1-mediated Antioxidant Defense in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1576-1590. [PMID: 37219322 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202208-1603oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tobacco smoking and air pollution are primary causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only a minority of smokers develop COPD. The mechanisms underlying the defense against nitrosative/oxidative stress in nonsusceptible smokers to COPD remain largely unresolved. Objectives: To investigate the defense mechanisms against nitrosative/oxidative stress that possibly prevent COPD development or progression. Methods: Four cohorts were investigated: 1) sputum samples (healthy, n = 4; COPD, n = 37), 2) lung tissue samples (healthy, n = 13; smokers without COPD, n = 10; smoker+COPD, n = 17), 3) pulmonary lobectomy tissue samples (no/mild emphysema, n = 6), and 4) blood samples (healthy, n = 6; COPD, n = 18). We screened 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels, as indication of nitrosative/oxidative stress, in human samples. We established a novel in vitro model of a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-resistant cell line and studied 3-NT formation, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptomic profiles. Results were validated in lung tissue, isolated primary cells, and an ex vivo model using adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transduction and human precision-cut lung slices. Measurements and Main Results: 3-NT levels correlate with COPD severity of patients. In CSE-resistant cells, nitrosative/oxidative stress upon CSE treatment was attenuated, paralleled by profound upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We identified carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) as a negative regulator of HO-1-mediated nitrosative/oxidative stress defense in human alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (hAEC2s). Consistently, inhibition of HO-1 activity in hAEC2s increased the susceptibility toward CSE-induced damage. Epithelium-specific CEACAM6 overexpression increased nitrosative/oxidative stress and cell death in human precision-cut lung slices on CSE treatment. Conclusions: CEACAM6 expression determines the hAEC2 sensitivity to nitrosative/oxidative stress triggering emphysema development/progression in susceptible smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Wu
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anis Cilic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruth Charlotte Dartsch
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kevin Lo
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Brosien
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkoudmani
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Biruta Witte
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, DZL, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, DZL, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Günther
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; and
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadzic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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El-Shoura EAM, Salem MA, Ahmed YH, Ahmed LK, Zaafar D. Combined β-sitosterol and trimetazidine mitigate potassium dichromate-induced cardiotoxicity in rats through the interplay between NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/TLR4 and HO-1/NADPH signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67771-67787. [PMID: 37115449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium salt, like potassium dichromate (PD), is chromium's most precarious valence state in industrial wastes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in β-sitosterol (BSS), a bioactive phytosterol, as a dietary supplement. BSS is recommended in treating cardiovascular disorders due to its antioxidant effect. Trimetazidine (TMZ) was used traditionally for cardioprotection. Through the administration of BSS and TMZ, the cardiotoxic effects of PD were to be countered in this study, in addition to examining the precise mechanism of PD-induced cardiotoxicity. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups; the control group: administered normal saline daily (3 mL/kg); the PD group: administered normal saline daily (3 mL/kg); BSS group: administered BSS daily (20 mg/kg); TMZ group: administered TMZ daily (15 mg/kg); and the BSS + TMZ group: administered both BSS (20 mg/kg) and TMZ (15 mg/kg) daily. All experimental groups, except the control, received on the 19th day a single dose of PD (30 mg/kg/day, S.C.). Normal saline, BSS, and TMZ were received daily for 21 consecutive days p.o. The exposure to PD promoted different oxidative stresses, pro-inflammatory, and cardiotoxicity biomarkers. BSS or TMZ succeeded solely in reducing these deleterious effects; however, their combination notably returned measured biomarkers close to normal values. The histopathological investigations have supported the biochemical findings. The combination of BSS and TMZ protects against PD cardiotoxicity in rats by reducing oxidative stress and apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers. It may be promising for alleviating and protecting against PD-induced cardiotoxicity in people at an early stage; however, these findings need further clinical studies to be confirmed. HIGHLIGHTS: • Potassium dichromate induces cardiotoxicity in rats through the upregulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory, and apoptotic pathways biomarkers. • β-Sitosterol possesses a possible cardioprotective effect by modulating several signaling pathways. • Trimetazidine, the antianginal agent, has a potential cardioprotective impact on PD-intoxicated rat model. • The combination of β-Sitosterol and trimetazidine was the best in modulating different pathways involved in PD cardiotoxicity in rats via the interplay between NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/TLR4 and HO-1/NADPH signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Khalaf Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 71524, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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Martínez-Gascón LE, Ortiz MC, Galindo M, Sanchez JM, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Albaladejo-Otón MD, Rodríguez Mulero MD, Rodriguez F. Role of heme oxygenase in the regulation of the renal hemodynamics in a model of sex-dependent programmed hypertension by maternal diabetes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R181-R191. [PMID: 34984919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine programming of cardiovascular and renal function occurs in diabetes because of the adverse maternal environment. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and -2 (HO-2) exert vasodilatory and antioxidant actions, particularly in conditions of elevated HO-1 expression or deficient nitric oxide levels. We evaluated whether the activity of the heme-HO system is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in the female offspring of diabetic mothers, contributing to the improved cardiovascular function in comparison with males. Diabetes was induced in pregnant rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg ip) in late gestation. Three-month-old male offspring from diabetic mothers (MODs) exhibited higher blood pressure (BP), higher renal vascular resistance (RVR), worse endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine (ACH), and an increased constrictor response to phenylephrine (PHE) compared with those in age-matched female offspring of diabetic mothers (FODs), which were abolished by chronic tempol (1 mM) treatment. In anesthetized animals, stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP; 40 µmol/kg iv) administration, to inhibit HO activity, increased RVR in FODs and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in MODs, without altering these parameters in control animals. When compared with MODs, FODs showed lower nitrotirosyne levels and higher HO-1 protein expression in renal homogenates. Indeed, chronic treatment with tempol in MODs prevented elevations in nitrotyrosine levels and the acute renal hemodynamics response to SnMP. Then, maternal diabetes results in sex-specific hypertension and renal alterations associated with oxidative stress mainly in adult male offspring, which are reduced in the female offspring by elevation in HO-1 expression and lower oxidative stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia E Martínez-Gascón
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Clara Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Galindo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - María Dolores Albaladejo-Otón
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez Mulero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodriguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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Tejchman K, Kotfis K, Sieńko J. Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Last 20 Years of Research with an Emphasis on Kidney Damage and Renal Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158010. [PMID: 34360776 PMCID: PMC8347360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants that adversely influences the organism in various mechanisms and on many levels. Oxidative damage occurring concomitantly in many cellular structures may cause a deterioration of function, including apoptosis and necrosis. The damage leaves a molecular “footprint”, which can be detected by specific methodology, using certain oxidative stress biomarkers. There is an intimate relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and functional impairment, resulting in various diseases affecting the entire human body. In the current narrative review, we strengthen the connection between oxidative stress mechanisms and their active compounds, emphasizing kidney damage and renal transplantation. An analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, products of peroxidation, and finally signaling pathways gives a lot of promising data that potentially will modify cell responses on many levels, including gene expression. Oxidative damage, stress, and ROS are still intensively exploited research subjects. We discuss compounds mentioned earlier as biomarkers of oxidative stress and present their role documented during the last 20 years of research. The following keywords and MeSH terms were used in the search: oxidative stress, kidney, transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI, biomarkers, peroxidation, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Tejchman
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48914661144
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.S.)
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6
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Akhigbe R, Ajayi A. The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:23. [PMID: 33639960 PMCID: PMC7916299 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an alteration in the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant buffering capacity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD). At physiological levels, ROS functions as signalling mediators, regulates various physiological functions such as the growth, proliferation, and migration endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC); formation and development of new blood vessels; EC and SMC regulated death; vascular tone; host defence; and genomic stability. However, at excessive levels, it causes a deviation in the redox state, mediates the development of CMD. Multiple mechanisms account for the rise in the production of free radicals in the heart. These include mitochondrial dysfunction and uncoupling, increased fatty acid oxidation, exaggerated activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), reduced antioxidant capacity, and cardiac metabolic memory. The purpose of this study is to discuss the link between oxidative stress and the aetiopathogenesis of CMD and highlight associated mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of obesity and dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension via various mechanisms associated with ROS-led inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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7
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Valente de Souza L, Hoffmann A, Weiss G. Impact of bacterial infections on erythropoiesis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:619-633. [PMID: 33092423 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1841636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of iron is highlighted by the many complex metabolic pathways in which it is involved. A sufficient supply is essential for the effective production of 200 billion erythrocytes daily, a process called erythropoiesis. AREAS COVERED During infection, the human body can withhold iron from pathogens, mechanism termed nutritional immunity. The subsequent disturbances in iron homeostasis not only impact on immune function and infection control, but also negatively affect erythropoiesis. The complex interplay between iron, immunity, erythropoiesis and infection control on the molecular and clinical level are highlighted in this review. Diagnostic algorithms for correct interpretation and diagnosis of the iron status in the setting of infection are presented. Therapeutic concepts are discussed regarding effects on anemia correction, but also toward their role on the course of infection. EXPERT OPINION In the setting of infection, anemia is often neglected and its impact on the course of diseases is incompletely understood. Clinical expertise can be improved in correct diagnosing of anemia and disturbances of iron homeostasis. Systemic studies are needed to evaluate the impact of specific therapeutic interventions on anemia correction on the course of infection, but also on patients' cardiovascular performance and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University ofI nnsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University ofI nnsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University ofI nnsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity for Endodontic Infections. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091300. [PMID: 32858856 PMCID: PMC7563224 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the fungus most frequently isolated from endodontic root canal infections. Although recognized by dental pulp and periradicular tissue cells that elicit immune responses, it eludes host defenses and elicits cell death. Then, C. albicans binds tooth dentin, forms biofilms, and invades dentinal tubules to resist intracanal disinfectants and endodontic treatments. Insensitive to most common medicaments, it survives sequestered within biofilms and intratubular dentin. Thus, C. albicans has been associated with cases of persistent or refractory root canal infections. Its treatment strategies may require alternative intracanal irrigants, intracanal medicaments such as chlorhexidine gel or human beta defensin-3 (HBD3), Ca-Si-based obturating materials, and microsurgical procedures.
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9
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Simpson DSA, Oliver PL. ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E743. [PMID: 32823544 PMCID: PMC7463655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, are a global public health burden with poorly understood aetiology. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are undoubtedly hallmarks of neurodegeneration, contributing to disease progression. Protein aggregation and neuronal damage result in the activation of disease-associated microglia (DAM) via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAM facilitate persistent inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking DAM activation and OS have not been well-defined; thus targeting these cells for clinical benefit has not been possible. In microglia, ROS are generated primarily by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and activation of NOX2 in DAM is associated with DAMP signalling, inflammation and amyloid plaque deposition, especially in the cerebrovasculature. Additionally, ROS originating from both NOX and the mitochondria may act as second messengers to propagate immune activation; thus intracellular ROS signalling may underlie excessive inflammation and OS. Targeting key kinases in the inflammatory response could cease inflammation and promote tissue repair. Expression of antioxidant proteins in microglia, such as NADPH dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), is promoted by transcription factor Nrf2, which functions to control inflammation and limit OS. Lipid droplet accumulating microglia (LDAM) may also represent a double-edged sword in neurodegenerative disease by sequestering peroxidised lipids in non-pathological ageing but becoming dysregulated and pro-inflammatory in disease. We suggest that future studies should focus on targeted manipulation of NOX in the microglia to understand the molecular mechanisms driving inflammatory-related NOX activation. Finally, we discuss recent evidence that therapeutic target identification should be unbiased and founded on relevant pathophysiological assays to facilitate the discovery of translatable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S. A. Simpson
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK;
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Peter L. Oliver
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK;
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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10
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Peng R, Luo M, Tian R, Lu N. Dietary nitrate attenuated endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat diet: A critical role for NADPH oxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108453. [PMID: 32524996 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and NADPH oxidase plays key roles in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Recent evidence demonstrates that nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in vivo exerts beneficial effects upon the cardiovascular system. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. It was shown that dietary nitrate significantly attenuated aortic endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that dietary nitrate significantly improved plasma nitrate/nitrite, inhibited vascular NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice, while xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) expression and activity was enhanced in ApoE-/- mice in comparison with wide type animals. These beneficial effects of nitrate in ApoE-/- mice were abolished by PTIO (NO scavenger) and significantly prevented by febuxostat (XOR inhibitor). In the presence of nitrate, no further effect of apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) was observed, suggesting NADPH oxidase as a possible target. In vitro, NO donor significantly inhibited NADPH oxidase activity in vascular endothelial cells via the induction of heme oxygenase-1. Altogether, boosting this nitrate-nitrite-NO signaling pathway resulted in the decreases of vascular NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and consequently protected ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis. These findings may have novel nutritional implications for the preventive and therapeutic strategies against vascular endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengjuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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11
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Tian R, Peng R, Yang Z, Peng YY, Lu N. Supplementation of dietary nitrate attenuated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic vasculature through inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Nitric Oxide 2020; 96:54-63. [PMID: 31972252 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders in diabetes, which are usually accompanied by oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increase the risk of detrimental cardiovascular complications. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of dietary nitrate, which is found in high content in green leafy vegetables, on vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Dietary nitrate in drinking water fuelled a nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, which inhibited vascular oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and many features of metabolic syndrome in diabetic mice. These beneficial effects of nitrate on diabetic mice were abolished by PTIO (NO scavenger) treatment and significantly prevented by febuxostat (xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor), demonstrating the central importance of NO in bioactivation of nitrate. The favorable effects of nitrate were not further influenced by apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), suggesting NADPH oxidase as a possible target. In high glucose-incubated vascular endothelial cells, NO donor attenuated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction via the inhibition of NADPH oxidase, where a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-dependent mechanism was demonstrated for the antioxidant abilities of NO. Altogether, boosting this nitrate-nitrite-NO signaling pathway resulted in the decreases of NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disorders in diabetic vasculature. These findings may have novel implications for the preventive strategy against diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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12
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Quercetin, but not rutin, attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage via heme oxygenase-1 induction in endothelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Virág L, Jaén RI, Regdon Z, Boscá L, Prieto P. Self-defense of macrophages against oxidative injury: Fighting for their own survival. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101261. [PMID: 31279985 PMCID: PMC6614175 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages play a central role in both the development and resolution of inflammation. These immune cells need to be functional in harmful conditions with high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can damage their basic cell components, which may alter their metabolism. An excessive accumulation of these cell alterations drives macrophages inexorably to cell death, which has been associated to the development of several inflammatory diseases and even with aging in a process termed as "immunosenescence". Macrophages, however, exhibit a prolonged survival in this hostile environment because they equip themselves with a complex network of protective mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of these self-defense mechanisms with special attention being paid to bioactive lipid mediators, NRF2 signaling and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rafael I Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zsolt Regdon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Luo M, Tian R, Yang Z, Peng YY, Lu N. Quercetin suppressed NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress via heme oxygenase-1 induction in macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153628. [PMID: 31344980 PMCID: PMC6695885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to generate ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. These products have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Although HO-1 is expressed at low levels in most tissues under basal conditions, it is highly inducible in response to various pathophysiological stresses/stimuli. HO-1 induction is thus thought to be an adaptive defense system that functions to protect cells and tissues against injury in many disease settings. In atherosclerosis, HO-1 may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis, mainly due to the degradation of pro-oxidant heme, the generation of anti-oxidants biliverdin and bilirubin and the production of vasodilator CO. In animal models, a lack of HO-1 was shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas HO-1 induction reduced atherosclerosis. It was also reported that HO-1 induction improved the cardiac function and postinfarction survival in animal models of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Recently, we and others examined blood HO-1 levels in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Taken together, these findings to date support the notion that HO-1 plays a protective role against the progression of atherosclerotic diseases. This review summarizes the roles of HO-1 in atherosclerosis and focuses on the clinical studies that examined the relationships between HO-1 levels and atherosclerotic diseases.
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Luo M, Tian R, Lu N. Nitric oxide protected against NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation in vascular endothelium: Critical role for heme oxygenase-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:549-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Saha S, Basu M, Guin S, Gupta P, Mitterstiller AM, Weiss G, Jana K, Ukil A. Leishmania donovani Exploits Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 To Neutralize Oxidative Burst and TLR Signaling-Dependent Host Defense. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:827-840. [PMID: 30593539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of host oxidative burst is essential for survival of the intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani Screening of macrophage antioxidant enzymes during infection revealed marked upregulation of the heme-degrading enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, HO-1-silenced RAW macrophages depicted increased superoxide production and decreased parasite survival. HO-1 induction decreased cellular heme content, thereby inhibiting the heme-dependent maturation of gp91phox, a catalytic component of major reactive oxygen species-producing enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. Decreased gp91phox expression resulted in reduced stability of p22phox, another component of the catalytic center of NAD(P)H oxidase. Replenishing infected cells with exogenous heme reversed these effects and restored NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Persistent HO-1 expression at late hour of infection prompted us to investigate its effect on other host defense parameters, and inhibition study revealed a reciprocal relationship of HO-1 with host proinflammatory responses. Among all the HO-1-mediated heme degradation products (CO, Fe, and biliverdin), only CO documented potent anti-inflammatory effects. Quenching of CO during infection increased the production of disease-resolving cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CO inhibited the interaction of TLR4 with MyD88 and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β, thereby dampening the activation of NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride in infected BALB/c mice led to a decrease in liver and spleen parasite burden along with increased production of IL-12 and TNF-α. These results suggest that HO-1 on one hand inhibits reactive oxygen species generation and on the other hand downregulates host favorable cytokine responses, thereby facilitating intramacrophage parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Moumita Basu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subham Guin
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Purnima Gupta
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Anna-Maria Mitterstiller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 69008 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 69008 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anindita Ukil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India;
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Modulation of the monocyte/macrophage system in heart failure by targeting heme oxygenase-1. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:79-90. [PMID: 30213580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon myocardial infarction (MI) immune system becomes activated by extensive necrosis of cardiomyocytes releasing intracellular molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns. Overactive and prolonged immune responses are likely to be responsible for heart failure development and progression in patients surviving the ischemic episode. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in heme degradation and in this way releases carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. This stress-inducible enzyme is induced by various oxidative and inflammatory signals. Consequently, biological actions of HO-1 are not limited to degradation of a toxic heme released from hemoproteins, but also provide an adaptive cellular response against chronic inflammation and oxidative injury. Indeed, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 were demonstrated in several experimental studies, as well as in human cases of genetic HO-1 deficiency. HO-1 was shown to suppress the production, myocardial infiltration and inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages what resulted in limitation of post-MI cardiac damage. This review specifically addresses the role of HO-1, heme and its degradation products in macrophage biology and post-ischemic cardiac repair. A more complete understanding of these mechanisms is essential to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Jin Y, Tang X, Cao X, Yu L, Chen J, Zhao H, Chen Y, Han L, Bao X, Li F, Xu Y. 4-((5-(Tert-butyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl) amino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2018; 204:46-54. [PMID: 29723536 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms which could aggravate ischemic stroke injury. In order to seek for better treatment therapies to alleviate stroke injury, novel chemicals have been synthetized. In the present study, a new compound 4-((5-(tert-butyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl) amino)-2- hydroxybenzoic acid, named LX009, was used to determine whether it could reduce the oxidative stress caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (RP) and exert neuroprotective effect both in mouse Neuro 2A (N2A) neuroblastoma cells and mouse primary cortical neurons. MAIN METHODS OGD/RP was performed as an in vitro model to mimic the pathologic process of ischemic stroke. We explored the anti-apoptosis effect of LX009 through CCK8 assay, calcein acetoxymethylester/propidium iodide (calcein-AM/PI) staining, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis kit, caspase-3 activity assay. Besides, the anti-oxidative stress effect of the drug was determined by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, nitrite analysis, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular catalase (CAT) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that LX009 could alleviate OGD/RP-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, OGD/RP induced oxidative stress could be reserved by LX009, including measurements of intracellular ROS production, MMP, CAT and Mn-SOD activity. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation level of Akt, as well as the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were elevated after LX009 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Our present study indicated that LX009 might have the potential to be an anti-oxidative stress agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexinzi Jin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xuelian Tang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
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20
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Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic nephropathy: Is there a role for oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:50-63. [PMID: 29305106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a major determinant in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The translation, in the clinical setting, of these concepts have been quite disappointing, and new theories have challenged the concepts that oxidative stress per se plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The concept of mitochondrial hormesis has been introduced to explain this apparent disconnect. Hormesis is intended as any cellular process that exhibits a biphasic response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition: specifically, in diabetic kidney disease, oxidant species may represent, at determined concentration, an essential and potentially protective factor. It could be postulated that excessive production or inhibition of oxidant species formation might result in an adverse phenotype. This review discusses the evidence underlying these two apparent contradicting concepts, with the aim to propose and speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the role of oxidant species in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and possibly open future more efficient therapies to be tested in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Sagoo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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21
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Almeida BFM, Silva KLO, Venturin GL, Chiku VM, Leal AAC, Bosco AM, Ciarlini PC, Lima VMF. Induction of haem oxygenase-1 increases infection of dog macrophages by L. infantum. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28929503 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to induce and inhibit HO-1, ascertaining its effect on infection rate, parasite load and the levels of superoxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha and IL-10 in cultured macrophages from healthy dogs infected by Leishmania infantum. Macrophages obtained from 15 healthy dogs were cultured alone or infected with L. infantum, with or without association of HO-1 inducer and inhibitor. The infection rate and the parasite load were determined by the number of infected macrophages and number of promastigotes per macrophage, respectively. HO-1 levels and gene expression, as well as IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels were also measured in these cultures. Superoxide, ROS and NO levels in macrophages were measured through flow cytometry. Induction of HO-1 increased the infection rate and parasite load, while its inhibition decreased the infection rate and IL-10 production. There was a positive correlation between HO-1 and infection rate or parasite load. Increased infection rate was associated with decreased superoxide, ROS and NO levels. Induction of HO-1 metabolism in dogs infected by L. infantum is possibly one of the mechanisms responsible for increasing the infection of macrophages, mainly through reduction in the oxidative and nitrosative metabolisms of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F M Almeida
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - K L O Silva
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - G L Venturin
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - V M Chiku
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - A A C Leal
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - A M Bosco
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - P C Ciarlini
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - V M F Lima
- Immunology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Münzel T, Camici GG, Maack C, Bonetti NR, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature: Part 2 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:212-229. [PMID: 28683969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease and heart failure impart an enormous burden in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Although there are many different causes of cardiac and vascular disease, most causes share an important pathological mechanism: oxidative stress. In the failing heart, oxidative stress occurs in the myocardium and correlates with left ventricular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively affect myocardial calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and contribute to cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling, apoptosis, and necrosis. Similarly, oxidative balance in the vasculature is tightly regulated by a wealth of pro- and antioxidant systems that orchestrate region-specific ROS production and removal. Reactive oxygen species also regulate multiple vascular cell functions, including endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth, proliferation, and migration; angiogenesis; apoptosis; vascular tone; host defenses; and genomic stability. However, excessive levels of ROS promote vascular disease through direct and irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules, as well as disruption of redox-dependent vascular wall signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology Mainz, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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de Oliveira MR, Peres A, Ferreira GC. Pinocembrin Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Methylglyoxal: Role for the Erk1/2-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1057-1072. [PMID: 28000163 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin (PB; 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is found in propolis and exhibits antioxidant activity in several experimental models. The antioxidant capacity of PB is associated with the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway. The Nrf2/ARE axis mediates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the catalytic (GCLC) and regulatory (GCLM) subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL). Nonetheless, it is not clear how PB exerts mitochondrial protection in mammalian cells. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated (4 h) with PB (0-25 µM) and then exposed to methylglyoxal (MG; 500 µM) for further 24 h. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. PB (25 µM) provided mitochondrial protection (decreased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitration in mitochondrial membranes; decreased mitochondrial free radical production; enhanced the content of GSH in mitochondria; rescued mitochondrial membrane potential-MMP) and blocked MG-triggered cell death by a mechanism dependent on the activation of the extracellular-related kinase (Erk1/2) and consequent upregulation of Nrf2. PB increased the levels of GPx, GR, HO-1, and mitochondrial GSH. The PB-induced effects were suppressed by silencing of Nrf2 with siRNA. Therefore, PB activated the Erk1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway resulting in mitochondrial protection in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to MG. Our work shows that PB is a strong candidate to figure among mitochondria-focusing agents with pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa da Pós-Graduação, Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially considered to be waste products, CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown over the last 20 years to modulate key cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant defense. This shift in paradigm has led to the importance of heme oxygenases and their products in cell physiology now being well accepted. The identification of the two human cases thus far of heme oxygenase deficiency and the generation of mice deficient in Hmox1 or Hmox2 have reiterated a role for these enzymes in both normal cell function and disease pathogenesis, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. This review covers the current knowledge on the function of both Hmox1 and Hmox2 at both a cellular and tissue level in the cardiovascular system. Initially, the roles of heme oxygenases in vascular health and the regulation of processes central to vascular diseases are outlined, followed by an evaluation of the role(s) of Hmox1 and Hmox2 in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of heme oxygenases and their products are examined in a cardiovascular disease context, with a focus on how the knowledge we have gained on these enzymes may be capitalized in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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25
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Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in atrial remodeling. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Raffaele M, Li Volti G, Barbagallo IA, Vanella L. Therapeutic Efficacy of Stem Cells Transplantation in Diabetes: Role of Heme Oxygenase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:80. [PMID: 27547752 PMCID: PMC4974271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing data obtained from in vivo studies and clinical trials demonstrated the benefit of adult stem cells transplantation in diabetes; although an important limit is represented by their survival after the transplant. To this regard, recent reports suggest that genetic manipulation of stem cells prior to transplantation can lead to enhanced survival and better engraftment. The following review proposes to stimulate interest in the role of heme oxygenase-1 over-expression on transplantation of stem cells in diabetes, focusing on the clinical potential of heme oxygenase protein and activity to restore tissue damage and/or to improve the immunomodulatory properties of transplanted stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Iron is an essential cofactor for many basic metabolic pathways in pathogenic microbes and their hosts. It is also dangerous as it can catalyse the production of reactive free radicals. This dual character makes the host can either limit iron availability to invading microbes or exploit iron to induce toxicity to pathogens. Successful pathogens, including Leishmania species, must possess mechanisms to circumvent host's iron limitation and iron-induced toxicity in order to survive. In this review, we discuss the regulation of iron metabolism in the setting of infection and delineate the iron acquisition strategies used by Leishmania parasites and their subversions to host iron metabolism to overcome host's iron-related defences.
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28
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Guilarte TR, Loth MK, Guariglia SR. TSPO Finds NOX2 in Microglia for Redox Homeostasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:334-343. [PMID: 27113160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), previously named peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, has gained a great deal of attention based on its use as a clinical biomarker of neuroinflammation with therapeutic potential. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the function(s) of TSPO in glial cells. Here, we identify a novel function of TSPO in microglia that is not associated with steroidogenesis. We propose that a TSPO interaction with NADPH oxidase (NOX2) links the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the induction of an antioxidant response to maintain redox homeostasis. This line of investigation may provide a greater understanding of TSPO glial cell biology, and the knowledge gained may prove beneficial in devising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Meredith K Loth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara R Guariglia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Soares MP, Hamza I. Macrophages and Iron Metabolism. Immunity 2016; 44:492-504. [PMID: 26982356 PMCID: PMC4794998 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a transition metal that due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons with a variety of molecules is essential to support life. In mammals, iron exists mostly in the form of heme, enclosed within an organic protoporphyrin ring and functioning primarily as a prosthetic group in proteins. Paradoxically, free iron also has the potential to become cytotoxic when electron exchange with oxygen is unrestricted and catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species. These biological properties demand that iron metabolism is tightly regulated such that iron is available for core biological functions while preventing its cytotoxic effects. Macrophages play a central role in establishing this delicate balance. Here, we review the impact of macrophages on heme-iron metabolism and, reciprocally, how heme-iron modulates macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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30
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Haslund-Vinding J, McBean G, Jaquet V, Vilhardt F. NADPH oxidases in oxidant production by microglia: activating receptors, pharmacology and association with disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1733-1749. [PMID: 26750203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS and constitute a self-sustaining population of CNS-adapted tissue macrophages. As mononuclear phagocytic cells, they express high levels of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases (NOX). The sole function of the members of the NOX family is to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are believed to be important in CNS host defence and in the redox signalling circuits that shape the different activation phenotypes of microglia. NOX are also important in pathological conditions, where over-generation of ROS contributes to neuronal loss via direct oxidative tissue damage or disruption of redox signalling circuits. In this review, we assess the evidence for involvement of NOX in CNS physiopathology, with particular emphasis on the most important surface receptors that lead to generation of NOX-derived ROS. We evaluate the potential significance of the subcellular distribution of NOX isoforms for redox signalling or release of ROS to the extracellular medium. Inhibitory mechanisms that have been reported to restrain NOX activity in microglia and macrophages in vivo are also discussed. We provide a critical appraisal of frequently used and recently developed NOX inhibitors. Finally, we review the recent literature on NOX and other sources of ROS that are involved in activation of the inflammasome and discuss the potential influence of microglia-derived oxidants on neurogenesis, neural differentiation and culling of surplus progenitor cells. The degree to which excessive, badly timed or misplaced NOX activation in microglia may affect neuronal homeostasis in physiological or pathological conditions certainly merits further investigation. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haslund-Vinding
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G McBean
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Vilhardt
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Stec DE, Juncos LA, Granger JP. Renal intramedullary infusion of tempol normalizes the blood pressure response to intrarenal blockade of heme oxygenase-1 in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:346-51. [PMID: 26922123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that intramedullary inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases the blood pressure and superoxide production response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increased renal medullary superoxide production contributes to the increase in blood pressure in response to blockade of renal medullary HO-1 in Ang II-induced hypertension. Male C57BL/6J mice (16-24 weeks of age) were implanted with chronic intrarenal medullary interstitial (IRMI) and infused with: saline, tempol (6 mM), the HO-1 inhibitor QC-13 (25 μM), or a combination of tempol + QC-13. Tempol treatment was started 2 days before infusion of QC-13. After 2 days, Ang II was infused subcutaneously at a rate of 1 μg/kg/min for 10 days. Blood pressures on days 7-10 of Ang II infusion alone averaged 150 ± 3 mm Hg in mice receiving IRMI infusion of saline. IRMI infusion of QC-13 increased blood pressure in Ang II-treated mice to 164 ± 2 (P < .05). Renal medullary superoxide production in Ang II-treated mice was significantly increased by infusion of QC-13 alone. Ang II-treated mice receiving IRMI infusion of tempol had a blood pressure of 136 ± 3 mm Hg. Ang II-treated mice receiving IRMI infusion of tempol and QC-13 had a significantly lower blood pressure (142 ± 2 mm Hg, P < .05) than mice receiving QC-13 alone. The increase in renal medullary superoxide production was normalized by infusion of tempol alone or in combination with QC-13. These results demonstrate that renal medullary interstitial blockade of HO-1 exacerbates Ang II-induced hypertension via a mechanism that is dependent on enhanced superoxide generation and highlight the important antioxidant function of HO-1 in the renal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Luis A Juncos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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32
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Wenzel P, Rossmann H, Müller C, Kossmann S, Oelze M, Schulz A, Arnold N, Simsek C, Lagrange J, Klemz R, Schönfelder T, Brandt M, Karbach SH, Knorr M, Finger S, Neukirch C, Häuser F, Beutel ME, Kröller-Schön S, Schulz E, Schnabel RB, Lackner K, Wild PS, Zeller T, Daiber A, Blankenberg S, Münzel T. Heme oxygenase-1 suppresses a pro-inflammatory phenotype in monocytes and determines endothelial function and arterial hypertension in mice and humans. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:3437-46. [PMID: 26516175 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) confers protection to the vasculature and suppresses inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages. It is unclear how HO-1 determines the extent of vascular dysfunction in mice and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Decreased HO-1 activity and expression was paralleled by increased aortic expression and activity of the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidase Nox2 in HO-1 deficient Hmox1⁻/⁻ and Hmox1(⁺/⁻) compared with Hmox1⁺/⁺ mice. When subjected to angiotensin II-infusion, streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and aging, HO-1 deficient mice showed increased vascular dysfunction inversely correlated with HO activity. In a primary prevention population-based cohort, we assessed length polymorphisms of the HMOX1 promoter region and established a bipolar frequency pattern of allele length (long vs. short repeats) in 4937 individuals. Monocytic HMOX1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with flow-mediated dilation and inversely with CD14 mRNA expression indicating pro-inflammatory monocytes in 733 hypertensive individuals of this cohort. Hmox1⁻/⁻ mice showed drastically increased expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2 in monocytes and the aorta. Angiotensin II-infused Hmox1⁻/⁻ mice had amplified endothelial inflammation in vivo, significantly increased aortic infiltration of pro-inflammatory CD11b⁺ Ly6C(hi) monocytes and Ly6G⁺ neutrophils and were marked by Ly6C(hi) monocytosis in the circulation and an increased blood pressure response. Finally, individuals with unfavourable HMOX1 gene promoter length had increased prevalence of arterial hypertension and reduced cumulative survival after a median follow-up of 7.23 years. CONCLUSIONS Heme oxygenase-1 is a regulator of vascular function in hypertension via determining the phenotype of inflammatory circulating and infiltrating monocytes with possible implications for all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wenzel
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RhineMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heidi Rossmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sabine Kossmann
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalie Arnold
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Canan Simsek
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeremy Lagrange
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Klemz
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönfelder
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne H Karbach
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maike Knorr
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Neukirch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Häuser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RhineMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RhineMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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33
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Mishina K, Shinkai M, Shimokawaji T, Nagashima A, Hashimoto Y, Inoue Y, Inayama Y, Rubin BK, Ishigatsubo Y, Kaneko T. HO-1 inhibits IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia associated with CLCA1 suppression in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:448-453. [PMID: 26507166 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia are common features that characterize asthma. IL-13 increases mucin (MUC) 5AC, the major component of airway mucus, in airway epithelial cells. According to the literature, IL-13 receptor activation leads to STAT6 activation and consequent induction of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) gene expression, associated with the induction of MUC5AC. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of heme to biliverdin, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. We examined the effects of HO-1 on mucin production and goblet cell hyperplasia induced by IL-13. Moreover, we assessed the cell signaling intermediates that appear to be responsible for mucin production. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were grown at air liquid interface (ALI) in the presence or absence of IL-13 and hemin, a HO-1 inducer, for 14 days. Protein concentration was analyzed using ELISA, and mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. Histochemical analysis was performed using HE staining, andWestern blotting was performed to evaluate signaling transduction pathway. Hemin (4 μM) significantly increased HO-1 protein expression (p b 0.01) and HO-1 mRNA expression (p b 0.001). IL-13 significantly increased goblet cells, MUC5AC protein secretion (p b 0.01) and MUC5AC mRNA (p b 0.001), and these were decreased by hemin by way of HO-1. Tin protoporphyrin (SnPP)-IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, blocked the effect of hemin restoring MUC5AC protein secretion (p b 0.05) and goblet cell hyperplasia. Hemin decreased the expression of CLCA1 mRNA (p b 0.05) and it was reversed by SnPP-IX, but could not suppress IL-13-induced phosphorylation of STAT6 or SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) mRNA expression. In summary, HO-1 overexpression suppressed IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia and MUC5AC production, and involvement of CLCA1 in the mechanism was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mishina
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tadasuke Shimokawaji
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akimichi Nagashima
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoriko Inoue
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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34
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Kim HN, Han L, Iyer S, de Cabo R, Zhao H, O'Brien CA, Manolagas SC, Almeida M. Sirtuin1 Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis by Deacetylating FoxOs. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1498-509. [PMID: 26287518 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized-dependent deacetylase, by natural or synthetic compounds like resveratrol, SRT2104, or SRT3025 attenuates the loss of bone mass caused by ovariectomy, aging, or unloading in mice. Conversely, Sirt1 deletion in osteoclast progenitors increases osteoclast number and bone resorption. Sirt1 deacetylates forkhead box protein (Fox) O1, FoxO3, and FoxO4, and thereby modulates their activity. FoxOs restrain osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the antiresorptive effects of Sirt1 are mediated by FoxOs. We report that Sirt1 activation by SRT2104 and SRT3025 inhibited murine osteoclast progenitor proliferation and reduced osteoclastogenesis. The effect of Sirt1 stimulators on osteoclastogenesis was abrogated in cells lacking FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4. FoxO1 acetylation was increased by knocking down Sirt1 or addition of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, the critical cytokine for osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, acetylation inhibited, whereas deacetylation promoted, FoxO-mediated transcription. SRT3025 increased the expression of the FoxO-target genes catalase and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in osteoclast progenitors, in a FoxO-dependent manner. HO-1 catabolizes heme and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in macrophages. HO-1 levels were strongly reduced and ATP levels increased by Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. In contrast, SRT3025 and FoxOs decreased ATP production, and the effect of SRT3025 was mediated by FoxOs. These findings reveal that the antiosteoclastogenic actions of Sirt1 are mediated by FoxOs and result from impaired mitochondria activity. Along with earlier findings that the osteoblastogenic effects of Sirt1 are also mediated by FoxOs, these results establish that the dual antiosteoporotic efficacy of Sirt1 stimulators (ie, decreasing bone resorption and promoting bone formation) is mediated via FoxO deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Srividhya Iyer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Charles A O'Brien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.-N.K., L.H., S.I., H.Z., C.A.O., S.C.M., M.A.), Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Translational Gerontology Branch (R.d.C.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Sung LC, Chao HH, Chen CH, Tsai JC, Liu JC, Hong HJ, Cheng TH, Chen JJ. Lycopene inhibits cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 expression through the suppression of reactive oxygen species generation and induction of heme oxygenase-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:632-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsing Chao
- Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chen Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
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Momen-Heravi F, Bala S, Kodys K, Szabo G. Exosomes derived from alcohol-treated hepatocytes horizontally transfer liver specific miRNA-122 and sensitize monocytes to LPS. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9991. [PMID: 25973575 PMCID: PMC4650752 DOI: 10.1038/srep09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte damage and inflammation in monocytes/macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate all of these processes. MiRNA-122 is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes while monocytes/macrophages have low levels. The role of exosomes in AH and possible cross talk between hepatocyte-derived exosomes and immune cells is not explored yet. Here, we show that the number of exosomes significantly increases in the sera of healthy individuals after alcohol binge drinking and in mice after binge or chronic alcohol consumption. Exosomes isolated from sera after alcohol consumption or from in vitro ethanol-treated hepatocytes contained miRNA-122. Exosomes derived from ethanol-treated Huh7.5 cells were taken up by the recipients THP1 monocytes and horizontally transferred a mature form of liver-specific miRNA-122. In vivo, liver mononuclear cells and Kupffer cells from alcohol-fed mice had increased miRNA-122 levels. In monocytes, miRNA-122 transferred via exosomes inhibited the HO-1 pathway and sensitized to LPS stimulation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, inflammatory effects of exosomes from ethanol-treated hepatocytes were prevented by using RNA interference via exosome-mediated delivery of a miRNA-122 inhibitor. These results demonstrate that first, exosomes mediate communication between hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages and second, hepatocyte-derived miRNA-122 can reprogram monocytes inducing sensitization to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shashi Bala
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Rosuvastatin suppresses atrial tachycardia-induced cellular remodeling via Akt/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2014.p227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Han H, Cui W, Wang L, Xiong Y, Liu L, Sun X, Hao L. Lutein prevents high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and increasing PPAR expression. Lipids 2015; 50:261-73. [PMID: 25663235 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-3992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies provide supportive evidence that lutein, a major carotenoid, may act as a chemopreventive agent against atherosclerosis, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lutein on the alleviation of atherosclerosis and its molecular mechanisms involved in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Male apolipoprotein E knockout mice (n = 55) were fed either a normal chow diet or a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without lutein for 24 weeks. The results showed that a HFD induced atherosclerosis formation, lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress, but noticeable improvements were observed in the lutein treated group. Additionally, lutein supplementation reversed the decreased protein expression of aortic heme oxygenase-1 and increased the mRNA and protein expressions of aortic nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase stimulated by a HFD. Furthermore, the decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, acyl CoA oxidase 1, low density lipoprotein receptors and scavenger receptor class B type I observed in mice with atherosclerosis were markedly enhanced after treatment with lutein. Taken together, these data add new evidence supporting the anti-atherogenic properties of lutein and describing its mechanisms of action in atherosclerosis prevention, including oxidative stress and lipid metabolism improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
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40
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Abdalla MY, Ahmad IM, Switzer B, Britigan BE. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 contributes to survival of Mycobacterium abscessus in human macrophages-like THP-1 cells. Redox Biol 2015; 4:328-39. [PMID: 25638774 PMCID: PMC4326180 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abs) is a rapidly growing mycobacterial species that infects macrophages, and is an important pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. We studied the early stages of M.abs infection of macrophages, with emphasis on the role of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in this infection. THP-1 cells were activated using TPA into macrophage-like cells and infected with M.abs for different time points. M.abs infection robustly induced HO-1 expression in the THP-1 cells. Production of HO-1 was p38 MAPK-dependent, as p38 inhibitors suppressed HO-1 induction. Pretreatment with HO-1 inhibitors tin-protoporphyrin (SnPP) significantly inhibited M.abs growth inside macrophages. Furthermore, inhibiting HO-1 using HO-1 siRNA or the HO-1 upstream signaling molecule; Nrf2 using Nrf2 siRNA resulted in similar inhibition of M.abs. In contrast, inducing HO-1 did not increase M.abs intracellular growth above control. Products of HO-1 metabolism of heme are bilirubin, biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron. The addition of either bilirubin or biliverdin, but not CO, completely restored the SnPP inhibitory effect and partially that with HO-1 siRNA. To understand the mechanisms, we used Syto-62 labeled M.abs to infect macrophages. Interestingly, HO-1 inhibition promoted M.abs-containing phagosome fusion with lysosomes, which should enhance M.abs killing. M.abs infection enhanced THP-1 ROS production as demonstrated by increased DHE, DCF fluorescence, and EPR signal. HO-1 inhibition further increased ROS production in infected macrophages. Our results indicate that HO-1 induction is important for M.abs growth during the early stages of infection, and that the HO-1 products bilirubin and biliverdin, perhaps through modulation of intracellular ROS levels, may be involved. HO-1 induction is important for Mycobacterium abscessus growth inside infected macrophages during the early stages of infection. Reducing HO-1 products may enhance the ability of the macrophage to control Mycobacterium abscessus infection. HO-1 inhibition increases phagosome–lysosome fusion and thus Mycobacterium abscessus killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Y Abdalla
- Research Service, VA Medical Center-Omaha Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Barbara Switzer
- Research Service, VA Medical Center-Omaha Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bradley E Britigan
- Research Service, VA Medical Center-Omaha Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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41
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Czibik G, Derumeaux G, Sawaki D, Valen G, Motterlini R. Heme oxygenase-1: an emerging therapeutic target to curb cardiac pathology. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:450. [PMID: 25344086 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a heme-degrading enzyme responsive to a wide range of cellular stress, is traditionally considered to convey adaptive responses to oxidative stress, inflammation and vasoconstriction. These diversified effects are achieved through the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (which is rapidly converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase) and ferric iron. Recent findings have added antiproliferative and angiogenic effects to the list of HO-1/CO actions. HO-1 along with its reaction products bilirubin and CO are protective against ischemia-induced injury (myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-injury and post-infarct structural remodelling). Moreover, HO-1, and CO in particular, possess acute antihypertensive effects. As opposed to these curative potentials, the long-believed protective effect of HO-1 in cardiac remodelling in response to pressure overload and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been questioned by recent work. These challenges, coupled with emerging regulatory mechanisms, motivate further in-depth studies to help understand untapped layers of HO-1 regulation and action. The outcomes of these efforts may shed new light on critical mechanisms that could be used to harness the protective potential of this enzyme for the therapeutic benefit of patients suffering from such highly prevalent cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Czibik
- INSERM U955, Equipe 8, Faculty of Medicine, DHU A-TVB, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Creteil, University of Paris-Est, 3rd Floor, room 3006, Paris, France,
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Rojo AI, McBean G, Cindric M, Egea J, López MG, Rada P, Zarkovic N, Cuadrado A. Redox control of microglial function: molecular mechanisms and functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1766-801. [PMID: 24597893 PMCID: PMC4186766 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic microglial over-activation and oxidative stress. It is now beginning to be recognized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by either microglia or the surrounding environment not only impact neurons but also modulate microglial activity. In this review, we first analyze the hallmarks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes of microglia and their regulation by ROS. Then, we consider the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases and the new findings that also indicate an essential role of glutathione (γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine) in redox homeostasis of microglia. The effect of oxidant modification of macromolecules on signaling is analyzed at the level of oxidized lipid by-products and sulfhydryl modification of microglial proteins. Redox signaling has a profound impact on two transcription factors that modulate microglial fate, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, master regulators of the pro-inflammatory and antioxidant responses of microglia, respectively. The relevance of these proteins in the modulation of microglial activity and the interplay between them will be evaluated. Finally, the relevance of ROS in altering blood brain barrier permeability is discussed. Recent examples of the importance of these findings in the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed. This review should provide a profound insight into the role of redox homeostasis in microglial activity and help in the identification of new promising targets to control neuroinflammation through redox control of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rojo
- 1 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid, Spain
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Itoh T, Koketsu M, Yokota N, Touho S, Ando M, Tsukamasa Y. Reduced scytonemin isolated from Nostoc commune suppresses LPS/IFNγ-induced NO production in murine macrophage RAW264 cells by inducing hemeoxygenase-1 expression via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:330-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chan EC, Dusting GJ, Liu GS, Jiang F. Redox mechanisms of the beneficial effects of heme oxygenase in hypertension. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1379-86; discussion 1387. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Understanding isoform- and context-specific subcellular Nox reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase compartmentalization allows relevant functional inferences. This review addresses the interplay between Nox NADPH oxidases and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an increasingly evident player in redox pathophysiology given its role in redox protein folding and stress responses. RECENT ADVANCES Catalytic/regulatory transmembrane subunits are synthesized in the ER and their processing includes folding, N-glycosylation, heme insertion, p22phox heterodimerization, as shown for phagocyte Nox2. Dual oxidase (Duox) maturation also involves the regulation by ER-resident Duoxa2. The ER is the activation site for some isoforms, typically Nox4, but potentially other isoforms. Such location influences redox/Nox-mediated calcium signaling regulation via ER targets, such as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Growing evidence suggests that Noxes are integral signaling elements of the unfolded protein response during ER stress, with Nox4 playing a dual prosurvival/proapoptotic role in this setting, whereas Nox2 enhances proapoptotic signaling. ER chaperones such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) closely interact with Noxes. PDI supports growth factor-dependent Nox1 activation and mRNA expression, as well as migration in smooth muscle cells, and PDI overexpression induces acute spontaneous Nox activation. CRITICAL ISSUES Mechanisms of PDI effects include possible support of complex formation and RhoGTPase activation. In phagocytes, PDI supports phagocytosis, Nox activation, and redox-dependent interactions with p47phox. Together, the results implicate PDI as possible Nox organizer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that convergence between Noxes and ER may have evolutive roots given ER-related functional contexts, which paved Nox evolution, namely calcium signaling and pathogen killing. Overall, the interplay between Noxes and the ER may provide relevant insights in Nox-related (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Meng X, Wang M, Wang X, Sun G, Ye J, Xu H, Sun X. Suppression of NADPH oxidase- and mitochondrion-derived superoxide by Notoginsenoside R1 protects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathways. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:823-38. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.911853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Anemia and iron deficiency are quite prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and may overlap. Both anemia and iron deficiency are associated with worse symptoms and adverse clinical outcomes. In the past few years, there has been an enormous interest in the subject of iron deficiency and its management in patients with HF. In this review, the etiology and relevance of iron deficiency, iron metabolism in the setting of HF, studies on iron supplementation in patients with HF and potential cardiovascular effects of subclinical iron overload are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha P Arora
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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48
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Saito K, Mori S, Date F, Ono M. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in MRL-Faslprmice with autoimmune sialadenitis via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and Bcl-2. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:13-22. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.850079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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49
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Li Z, Wang Y, Man RYK, Vanhoutte PM. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 potentiates EDH-type relaxations in the mesenteric artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1471-83. [PMID: 24014672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00962.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) converts heme to carbon monoxide, bilirubin, and free iron. The present study investigated whether or not HO-1 induction improves vascular relaxations attributable to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). Thirty-six-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with the HO-1 inducer hemin, the HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (II) (ZnPP), the antioxidant apocynin, or combinations of these compounds. Isolated mesenteric arteries were prepared for measurement of isometric tension, protein presence, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hemin potentiated acetylcholine-evoked EDH-type relaxations in the presence of N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and indomethacin, while the combined treatment with ZnPP plus hemin prevented these improvements. The intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (IKCa) blocker TRAM-34 and the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase blocker ouabain significantly impaired these hemin-potentiated relaxations. NS309-induced TRAM-34- and ouabain-sensitive relaxations were enhanced by hemin. K(+)-induced ouabain-sensitive relaxations and the expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were increased by hemin. Thus HO-1 induction improves EDH-type relaxations by augmented activation of IKCa and the downstream Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. Treatment with apocynin showed a similar effect as hemin in impairing ROS production, enhancing K(+)-induced relaxations, and increasing Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase expression, without affecting the expression of HO-1. The effects of hemin and apocynin were not additive. These observations suggest that the effect of HO-1 induction on EDH-type relaxations is possibly due to its antioxidant properties. In vitro treatment with bilirubin, but not carbon monoxide, enhanced EDH-type relaxations and K(+)-induced ouabain-sensitive relaxations, suggesting that the production of bilirubin may be also involved. The present findings reveal that HO-1 may be a potential vascular-specific therapeutic strategy for endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; and
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50
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