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Garcia‐de la Virgen M, López‐Almela I, Moura A, Vázquez S, Perez‐Montagud S, Leclercq A, Lecuit M, Quereda JJ. Clinical and genomic features of Listeria monocytogenes-associated mesenteric lymphadenitis in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:363-369. [PMID: 38051604 PMCID: PMC10800189 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, an important foodborne pathogen of animals and humans. Listeriosis is a rare disease in cats. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, diagnostic imaging, histological, and microbiological features of L. monocytogenes-associated mesenteric lymphadenitis in a cat. ANIMALS Listeria monocytogenes-associated mesenteric lymphadenitis was confirmed in a cat by histology and microbiology. RESULTS Two distinct isolates of L. monocytogenes were cultured from the affected mesenteric lymph node and whole genome sequencing was performed. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This report should alert veterinary clinicians and microbiologists to the syndrome, which may have implications for health and food safety in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inmaculada López‐Almela
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad Cardenal Herrera‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesValenciaSpain
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre ListeriaParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection UnitParisFrance
| | - Sergio Vázquez
- Servicio de Oncología, IVC Evidensia Aúna Especialidades VeterinariasValenciaSpain
| | - Sara Perez‐Montagud
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad Cardenal Herrera‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesValenciaSpain
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre ListeriaParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection UnitParisFrance
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre ListeriaParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection UnitParisFrance
- Necker‐Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical MedicineInstitut Imagine, APHPParisFrance
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad Cardenal Herrera‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesValenciaSpain
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2
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Cossart P. Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The Listeria Paradigm. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:1-22. [PMID: 37713460 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
My scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;
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3
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Chaukimath P, Frankel G, Visweswariah SS. The metabolic impact of bacterial infection in the gut. FEBS J 2023; 290:3928-3945. [PMID: 35731686 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the gut are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The interplay between the pathogen and the host is finely balanced, with the bacteria evolving to proliferate and establish infection. In contrast, the host mounts a response to first restrict and then eliminate the infection. The intestine is a rapidly proliferating tissue, and metabolism is tuned to cater to the demands of proliferation and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis (CVA) in the gut. As bacterial pathogens encounter the intestinal epithelium, they elicit changes in the host cell, and core metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lipid metabolism and glycolysis are affected. This review highlights the mechanisms utilized by diverse gut bacterial pathogens to subvert host metabolism and describes host responses to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chaukimath
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Gad Frankel
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sandhya S Visweswariah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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4
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Adhikari P, Florien N, Gupta S, Kaushal A. Recent Advances in the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the third-most severe pathogen causing a yearly outbreak of food poisoning in the world that proliferates widely in the environment. Infants, pregnant mothers, and immuno-compromised people are at high risk. Its ability to grow in both biotic and abiotic environments leads to epidemics that infect 5 out of 10 people annually. Because of the epithelial adhesion (by E-cadherin binding), it can suppress immune cells and thrive in the gastrointestinal tract till the brain through blood flow (E-cadherin). Microbial culture is still used as a gold standard, but takes a long time and often yields false positive results due to incompetence and temperature variations. Therefore, in order to treat it rather than using broad spectrum antibiotics, a standardized time-saving and highly specific technology for early detection is very important. It has been observed that the production of a particular antibody is delaying (so does the detection process) as a result of the inadequate understanding of the pathophysiology of the bacteria. This book chapter provides a brief summary of a pathogen as well as the scientific advances that led to its identification more easily.
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5
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Karthikeyan R, Gayathri P, Ramasamy S, Suvekbala V, Jagannadham MV, Rajendhran J. Transcriptome responses of intestinal epithelial cells induced by membrane vesicles of Listeria monocytogenes. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 4:100185. [PMID: 36942003 PMCID: PMC10023947 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles (MVs) serve as an essential virulence factor in several pathogenic bacteria. The release of MVs by Listeria monocytogenes is only recently recognized; still, the enigmatic role of MVs in pathogenesis is yet to be established. We report the transcriptome response of Caco-2 cells upon exposure to MVs and the L. monocytogenes that leads to observe the up-regulation of autophagy-related genes in the early phase of exposure to MVs. Transcription of inflammatory cytokines is to the peak at the fourth hour of exposure. An array of differentially expressed genes was associated with actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and induction of oxidative stress. At a later time point, transcriptional programs are generated upon interaction with MVs to evade innate immune signals, by modulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. KEGG pathway analysis is palpably confirming that MVs appear principally responsible for the induction of immune signaling pathways. Besides, MVs induced the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes, likely responsible for the ability to prolong host cell survival, thus protecting the replicative niche for L. monocytogenes. Notably, we identified several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), possibly involved in the regulation of early manipulation of the host gene expression, essential for the persistence of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Karthikeyan
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratapa Gayathri
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vemparthan Suvekbala
- EDII-Anna Business Incubation Research Foundation, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Medicharla V. Jagannadham
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding authors.
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6
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Kammoun H, Kim M, Hafner L, Gaillard J, Disson O, Lecuit M. Listeriosis, a model infection to study host-pathogen interactions in vivo. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 66:11-20. [PMID: 34923331 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen and the etiological agent of listeriosis. This facultative intracellular Gram-positive bacterium has the ability to colonize the intestinal lumen, cross the intestinal, blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to bacteremia, neurolisteriosis and maternal-fetal listeriosis. Lm is a model microorganism for the study of the interplay between a pathogenic microbe, host tissues and microbiota in vivo. Here we review how animal models permissive to Lm-host interactions allow deciphering some of the key steps of the infectious process, from the intestinal lumen to the crossing of host barriers and dissemination within the host. We also highlight recent investigations using tagged Lm and clinically relevant strains that have shed light on within-host dynamics and the purifying selection of Lm virulence factors. Studying Lm infection in vivo is a way forward to explore host biology and unveil the mechanisms that have selected its capacity to closely associate with its vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kammoun
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Minhee Kim
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lukas Hafner
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julien Gaillard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, 75015 Paris, France; Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, 75006 Paris, France.
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7
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is the entry gate for nutrients and symbiotic organisms, being in constant contact with external environment. DNA methylation is one of the keys to how environmental conditions, diet and nutritional status included, shape functionality in the gut and systemically. This review aims to summarise findings on the importance of methylation to gut development, differentiation and function. Evidence to date on how external factors such as diet, dietary supplements, nutritional status and microbiota modifications modulate intestinal function through DNA methylation is also presented.
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8
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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van Gijtenbeek LA, Singer Q, Steffensen LE, Neuens S, Guldager HS, Bidstrup S, Høgholm T, Madsen MG, Glass K, Siedler S. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Impedes Growth of Listeria spp. in Cottage Cheese through Manganese Limitation. Foods 2021; 10:1353. [PMID: 34208094 PMCID: PMC8230772 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidification and nutrient depletion by dairy starter cultures is often sufficient to prevent outgrowth of pathogens during post-processing of cultured dairy products. In the case of cottage cheese, however, the addition of cream dressing to the curd and subsequent cooling procedures can create environments that may be hospitable for the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. We report on a non-bacterio-cinogenic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain that severely limits the growth potential of L. monocytogenes in creamed cottage cheese. The main mechanism underlying Listeria spp. inhibition was found to be caused by depletion of manganese (Mn), thus through competitive exclusion of a trace element essential for the growth of many microorganisms. Growth of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis that constitute the starter culture, on the other hand, were not influenced by reduced Mn levels. Addition of L. rhamnosus with Mn-based bioprotective properties during cottage cheese production therefore offers a solution to inhibit undesired bacteria in a bacteriocin-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke A. van Gijtenbeek
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Quinn Singer
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Q.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Louise E. Steffensen
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Shannon Neuens
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Helle S. Guldager
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Susanne Bidstrup
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Tina Høgholm
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Mikkel G. Madsen
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Kathleen Glass
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Q.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Solvej Siedler
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.A.v.G.); (L.E.S.); (S.N.); (H.S.G.); (S.B.); (T.H.); (M.G.M.)
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10
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Lecuit M. Listeria monocytogenes, a model in infection biology. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13186. [PMID: 32185900 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a systemic infection which manifests as bacteremia, often complicated by meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. It has emerged over the past decades as a major foodborne pathogen, responsible for numerous outbreaks in Western countries, and more recently in Africa. L. monocytogenes' pathogenic properties have been studied in detail, thanks to concomitant advances in biological sciences, in particular molecular biology, cell biology and immunology. L. monocytogenes has also been instrumental to basic advances in life sciences. L. monocytogenes therefore stands both a tool to understand biology and a model in infection biology. This review briefly summarises the clinical and some of the pathophysiological features of listeriosis. In the context of this special issue, it highlights some of the major discoveries made by Pascale Cossart in the fields of molecular and cellular microbiology since the mid-eighties regarding the identification and characterisation of multiple bacterial and host factors critical to L. monocytogenes pathogenicity. It also briefly summarises some of the key findings from our laboratory on this topic over the past years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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11
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Innate immune responses to Listeria in vivo. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 59:95-101. [PMID: 33307408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe infection that manifests as bacteremia and meningo-encephalitis mostly in immunocompromised individuals, and maternal-fetal infection. A critical pathogenic determinant of Lm relies on its ability to actively cross the intestinal barrier, disseminate systemically and cross the blood-brain and placental barriers. Here we illustrate how Lm both evades innate immunity, favoring its dissemination in host tissues, and triggers innate immune defenses that participate to its control.
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12
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Pian Y, Chai Q, Ren B, Wang Y, Lv M, Qiu J, Zhu M. Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Direct Goblet Cell Differentiation via the LT-LTβR Pathway during Listeria Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:853-863. [PMID: 32591396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a specialized subset of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), goblet cells (GCs) play an important role during the antibacterial response via mucin production. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in GC differentiation and function during infection, particularly the role of immune cell-IEC cross-talk, remain largely unknown. In this study, using Villin∆Ltbr conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that LTβR, expressed on IECs, is required for GC hyperplasia and mucin 2 (MUC2) expression during Listeria infection for host defense but not homeostatic maintenance in the naive state. Analysis of single gene-deficient mice revealed that the ligand lymphotoxin (LT), but not LIGHT, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), but not conventional T cells, are required for MUC2-dependent Listeria control. Conditional deficiency of LT in ILC3s further confirmed the importance of LT signals derived from ILC3s. Lack of ILC3-derived LT or IEC-derived LTβR resulted in the defective expression of genes related to GC differentiation but was not correlated with IEC proliferation and cell death, which were found to be normal by Ki-67 and Annexin V staining. In addition, the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway (involving RelB) in IECs was found to be required for the expression of GC differentiation-related genes and Muc2 and required for the anti-Listeria response. Therefore, our data together suggest a previously unrecognized ILC3-IEC interaction and LT-LTβR-RelB signaling axis governing GC differentiation and function during Listeria infection for host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Pian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Boyang Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Mengjie Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
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13
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Pathogenic Biohacking: Induction, Modulation and Subversion of Host Transcriptional Responses by Listeria monocytogenes. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050294. [PMID: 32380645 PMCID: PMC7290974 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, the foodborne bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes dynamically influences the gene expression profile of host cells. Infection-induced transcriptional changes are a typical feature of the host-response to bacteria and contribute to the activation of protective genes such as inflammatory cytokines. However, by using specialized virulence factors, bacterial pathogens can target signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms to alter host gene expression, thereby reprogramming the response to infection. Therefore, the transcriptional profile that is established in the host is delicately balanced between antibacterial responses and pathogenesis, where any change in host gene expression might significantly influence the outcome of infection. In this review, we discuss the known transcriptional and epigenetic processes that are engaged during Listeria monocytogenes infection, the virulence factors that can remodel them, and the impact these processes have on the outcome of infection.
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14
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Louie A, Zhang T, Becattini S, Waldor MK, Portnoy DA. A Multiorgan Trafficking Circuit Provides Purifying Selection of Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Genes. mBio 2019; 10:e02948-19. [PMID: 31848289 PMCID: PMC6918090 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02948-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause a life-threatening illness when the foodborne pathogen spreads beyond the intestinal tract to distant organs. Many aspects of the intestinal phase of L. monocytogenes pathogenesis remain unknown. Here, we present a foodborne infection model using C57BL/6 mice that have been pretreated with streptomycin. In this model, as few as 100 L. monocytogenes CFU were required to cause self-limiting enterocolitis, and systemic dissemination followed previously reported routes. Using this model, we report that listeriolysin O (LLO) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA), two critical virulence determinants, were necessary for intestinal pathology and systemic spread but were dispensable for intestinal growth. Sequence tag-based analysis of microbial populations (STAMP) was used to investigate the within-host population dynamics of wild-type and LLO-deficient strains. The wild-type bacterial population experienced severe bottlenecks over the course of infection, and by 5 days, the intestinal population was highly enriched for bacteria originating from the gallbladder. In contrast, LLO-deficient strains did not efficiently disseminate and gain access to the gallbladder, and the intestinal population remained diverse. These findings suggest that systemic spread and establishment of a bacterial reservoir in the gallbladder imparts an intraspecies advantage in intestinal occupancy. Since intestinal L. monocytogenes is ultimately released into the environment, within-host population bottlenecks may provide purifying selection of virulence genes.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes maintains capabilities for free-living growth in the environment and for intracellular replication in a wide range of hosts, including livestock and humans. Here, we characterized an enterocolitis model of foodborne L. monocytogenes infection. This work highlights a multiorgan trafficking circuit and reveals a fitness advantage for bacteria that successfully complete this cycle. Because virulence factors play critical roles in systemic dissemination and multiple bottlenecks occur as the bacterial population colonizes different tissue sites, this multiorgan trafficking circuit likely provides purifying selection of virulence genes. This study also serves as a foundation for future work using the L. monocytogenes-induced enterocolitis model to investigate the biology of L. monocytogenes in the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Louie
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Becattini
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel A Portnoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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15
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Prenatal and postnatal contributions of the maternal microbiome on offspring programming. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100797. [PMID: 31574280 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The maternal microbiota is positioned to regulate the development of offspring immunity, metabolism, as well as brain function and behavior. The mechanisms by which maternal microbial signals drive these processes are beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the importance of the microbiome in brain function and behavior, define the maternal vaginal and gut microbiota as distinct influences on offspring development, and outline current concepts in microbial origins of offspring health outcomes. We propose that the maternal microbiota influences prenatal and early postnatal offspring development and health outcomes through two overlapping processes. First, during pregnancy maternal gut microbiota provide metabolites and substrates essential for fetal growth through metabolic provisioning, driving expansion and maturation of central and peripheral immune cells, and formation of neural circuits. Second, vertical transmission of maternal microbiota during birth and in the early postnatal window elicits a potent immunostimulatory effect in offspring that induces metabolic and developmental transcriptional programs, primes the immune system for subsequent microbial exposure, and provides substrates for brain metabolism. Finally, we explore the possibility that environmental factors, such as malnutrition, stress and infection, may exert programmatic effects by disrupting the functional contributions of the maternal microbiome during prenatal and postnatal development to influence offspring outcomes across the lifespan.
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16
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Voronin D, Schnall E, Grote A, Jawahar S, Ali W, Unnasch TR, Ghedin E, Lustigman S. Pyruvate produced by Brugia spp. via glycolysis is essential for maintaining the mutualistic association between the parasite and its endosymbiont, Wolbachia. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008085. [PMID: 31568486 PMCID: PMC6791551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human parasitic nematodes are the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and onchocerciasis (river blindness), diseases that are endemic to more than 80 countries and that consistently rank in the top ten for the highest number of years lived with disability. These filarial nematodes have evolved an obligate mutualistic association with an intracellular bacterium, Wolbachia, a symbiont that is essential for the successful development, reproduction, and survival of adult filarial worms. Elimination of the bacteria causes adult worms to die, making Wolbachia a primary target for developing new interventional tools to combat filariases. To further explore Wolbachia as a promising indirect macrofilaricidal drug target, the essential cellular processes that define the symbiotic Wolbachia-host interactions need to be identified. Genomic analyses revealed that while filarial nematodes encode all the enzymes necessary for glycolysis, Wolbachia does not encode the genes for three glycolytic enzymes: hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. These enzymes are necessary for converting glucose into pyruvate. Wolbachia, however, has the full complement of genes required for gluconeogenesis starting with pyruvate, and for energy metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Therefore, we hypothesized that Wolbachia might depend on host glycolysis to maintain a mutualistic association with their parasitic host. We did conditional experiments in vitro that confirmed that glycolysis and its end-product, pyruvate, sustain this symbiotic relationship. Analysis of alternative sources of pyruvate within the worm indicated that the filarial lactate dehydrogenase could also regulate the local intracellular concentration of pyruvate in proximity to Wolbachia and thus help control bacterial growth via molecular interactions with the bacteria. Lastly, we have shown that the parasite's pyruvate kinase, the enzyme that performs the last step in glycolysis, could be a potential novel anti-filarial drug target. Establishing that glycolysis is an essential component of symbiosis in filarial worms could have a broader impact on research focused on other intracellular bacteria-host interactions where the role of glycolysis in supporting intracellular survival of bacteria has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Voronin
- Molecular Parasitology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily Schnall
- Molecular Parasitology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Grote
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shabnam Jawahar
- Molecular Parasitology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Waleed Ali
- Molecular Parasitology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Unnasch
- Center for Global Health Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Molecular Parasitology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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17
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Atypical Hemolytic Listeria innocua Isolates Are Virulent, albeit Less than Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00758-18. [PMID: 30670551 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00758-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is considered a nonpathogenic Listeria species. Natural atypical hemolytic L. innocua isolates have been reported but have not been characterized in detail. Here, we report the genomic and functional characterization of representative isolates from the two known natural hemolytic L. innocua clades. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes species. Functional assays showed that LIPI-1 and inlA genes are transcribed, and the corresponding gene products are expressed and functional. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that atypical hemolytic L. innocua is virulent, can actively cross the intestinal epithelium, and spreads systemically to the liver and spleen, albeit to a lesser degree than the reference L. monocytogenes EGDe strain. Although human exposure to hemolytic L. innocua is likely rare, these findings are important for food safety and public health. The presence of virulence traits in some L. innocua clades supports the existence of a common virulent ancestor of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua.
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18
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Las Heras V, Clooney AG, Ryan FJ, Cabrera-Rubio R, Casey PG, Hueston CM, Pinheiro J, Rudkin JK, Melgar S, Cotter PD, Hill C, Gahan CGM. Short-term consumption of a high-fat diet increases host susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:7. [PMID: 30658700 PMCID: PMC6339339 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A westernized diet comprising a high caloric intake from animal fats is known to influence the development of pathological inflammatory conditions. However, there has been relatively little focus upon the implications of such diets for the progression of infectious disease. Here, we investigated the influence of a high-fat (HF) diet upon parameters that influence Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. RESULTS We determined that short-term administration of a HF diet increases the number of goblet cells, a known binding site for the pathogen, in the gut and also induces profound changes to the microbiota and promotes a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in the host. Host physiological changes were concordant with significantly increased susceptibility to oral L. monocytogenes infection in mice fed a HF diet relative to low fat (LF)- or chow-fed animals. Prior to Listeria infection, short-term consumption of HF diet elevated levels of Firmicutes including Coprococcus, Butyricicoccus, Turicibacter and Clostridium XIVa species. During active infection with L. monocytogenes, microbiota changes were further exaggerated but host inflammatory responses were significantly downregulated relative to Listeria-infected LF- or chow-fed groups, suggestive of a profound tempering of the host response influenced by infection in the context of a HF diet. The effects of diet were seen beyond the gut, as a HF diet also increased the sensitivity of mice to systemic infection and altered gene expression profiles in the liver. CONCLUSIONS We adopted a systems approach to identify the effects of HF diet upon L. monocytogenes infection through analysis of host responses and microbiota changes (both pre- and post-infection). Overall, the results indicate that short-term consumption of a westernized diet has the capacity to significantly alter host susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection concomitant with changes to the host physiological landscape. The findings suggest that diet should be a consideration when developing models that reflect human infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Las Heras
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adam G Clooney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Feargal J Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Pat G Casey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cara M Hueston
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jorge Pinheiro
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Justine K Rudkin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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19
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Disson O, Blériot C, Jacob JM, Serafini N, Dulauroy S, Jouvion G, Fevre C, Gessain G, Thouvenot P, Eberl G, Di Santo JP, Peduto L, Lecuit M. Peyer's patch myeloid cells infection by Listeria signals through gp38 + stromal cells and locks intestinal villus invasion. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2936-2954. [PMID: 30355616 PMCID: PMC6219733 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) crosses the intestinal villus epithelium via goblet cells (GCs) upon the interaction of Lm surface protein InlA with its receptor E-cadherin. Here, we show that Lm infection accelerates intestinal villus epithelium renewal while decreasing the number of GCs expressing luminally accessible E-cadherin, thereby locking Lm portal of entry. This novel innate immune response to an enteropathogen is triggered by the infection of Peyer's patch CX3CR1+ cells and the ensuing production of IL-23. It requires STAT3 phosphorylation in epithelial cells in response to IL-22 and IL-11 expressed by lamina propria gp38+ stromal cells. Lm-induced IFN-γ signaling and STAT1 phosphorylation in epithelial cells is also critical for Lm-associated intestinal epithelium response. GC depletion also leads to a decrease in colon mucus barrier thickness, thereby increasing host susceptibility to colitis. This study unveils a novel innate immune response to an enteropathogen, which implicates gp38+ stromal cells and locks intestinal villus invasion, but favors colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Camille Blériot
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Jacob
- Institut Pasteur, Stroma, Inflammation and Tissue Repair Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Serafini
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Dulauroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Microenvironnement and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Institut Pasteur, Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Fevre
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Microenvironnement and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Institut Pasteur, Stroma, Inflammation and Tissue Repair Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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20
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Listeria Adhesion Protein Induces Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction for Bacterial Translocation. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:470-484.e7. [PMID: 29606495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are the first line of defense against enteric pathogens, yet bacterial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, can breach this barrier. We show that Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) induces intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction to promote bacterial translocation. These disruptions are attributed to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, which is observed in mice challenged with WT and isogenic strains lacking the surface invasion protein Internalin A (ΔinlA), but not a lap- mutant. Additionally, upon engagement of its surface receptor Hsp60, LAP activates canonical NF-κB signaling, facilitating myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)-mediated opening of the epithelial barrier via cellular redistribution of the epithelial junctional proteins claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin. Pharmacological inhibition of MLCK or NF-κB in cells or genetic ablation of MLCK in mice prevents mislocalization of junctional proteins and L. monocytogenes translocation. Thus, L. monocytogenes uses LAP to exploit epithelial defenses and cross the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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21
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Cabezas-Cruz A, Alberdi P, Valdés JJ, Villar M, de la Fuente J. Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection Subverts Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathways in the Tick Vector, Ixodes scapularis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 28229048 PMCID: PMC5293764 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is the causative agent of human, equine, and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants. A. phagocytophilum has become an emerging tick-borne pathogen in the United States, Europe, Africa, and Asia, with increasing numbers of infected people and animals every year. It has been recognized that intracellular pathogens manipulate host cell metabolic pathways to increase infection and transmission in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. However, our current knowledge on how A. phagocytophilum affect these processes in the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis is limited. In this study, a genome-wide search for components of major carbohydrate metabolic pathways was performed in I. scapularis ticks for which the genome was recently published. The enzymes involved in the seven major carbohydrate metabolic pathways glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), glyceroneogenesis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation were identified. Then, the available transcriptomics and proteomics data was used to characterize the mRNA and protein levels of I. scapularis major carbohydrate metabolic pathway components in response to A. phagocytophilum infection of tick tissues and cultured cells. The results showed that major carbohydrate metabolic pathways are conserved in ticks. A. phagocytophilum infection inhibits gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism, but increases the expression of glycolytic genes. A model was proposed to explain how A. phagocytophilum could simultaneously control tick cell glucose metabolism and cytoskeleton organization, which may be achieved in part by up-regulating and stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha in a hypoxia-independent manner. The present work provides a more comprehensive view of the major carbohydrate metabolic pathways involved in the response to A. phagocytophilum infection in ticks, and provides the basis for further studies to develop novel strategies for the control of granulocytic anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of SciencesCeské Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaCeské Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - James J. Valdés
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of SciencesCeské Budejovice, Czechia
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research InstituteBrno, Czechia
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
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22
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Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is the main organizer of stress-responsive subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies. These structures recruit multiple interactors and modulate their abundance or their posttranslational modifications, notably by the SUMO ubiquitin-like modifiers. The involvement of PML in antiviral responses is well established. In contrast, the role of PML in bacterial infection remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that PML restricts infection by the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes but not by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. During infection, PML undergoes oxidation-mediated multimerization, associates with the nuclear matrix, and becomes de-SUMOylated due to the pore-forming activity of the Listeria toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). These events trigger an antibacterial response that is not observed during in vitro infection by an LLO-defective Listeria mutant, but which can be phenocopied by specific induction of PML de-SUMOylation. Using transcriptomic and proteomic microarrays, we also characterized a network of immunity genes and cytokines, which are regulated by PML in response to Listeria infection but independently from the listeriolysin O toxin. Our study thus highlights two mechanistically distinct complementary roles of PML in host responses against bacterial infection. IMPORTANCE The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a eukaryotic protein that can polymerize in discrete nuclear assemblies known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs) and plays essential roles in many different cellular processes. Key to its function, PML can be posttranslationally modified by SUMO, a ubiquitin-like modifier. Identification of the role of PML in antiviral defenses has been deeply documented. In contrast, the role of PML in antibacterial defenses remains elusive. Here, we identify two mechanistically distinct complementary roles of PML in antibacterial responses against pathogens such as Listeria: (i) we show that PML regulates the expression of immunity genes in response to bacterial infection, and (ii) we unveil the fact that modification of PML SUMOylation by bacterial pore-forming toxins is sensed as a danger signal, leading to a restriction of bacterial intracellular multiplication. Taken together, our data reinforce the concept that intranuclear bodies can dynamically regulate important processes, such as defense against invaders.
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23
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Staphylococcus aureus Infection Reduces Nutrition Uptake and Nucleotide Biosynthesis in a Human Airway Epithelial Cell Line. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040041. [PMID: 27834866 PMCID: PMC5192447 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram positive opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus induces a variety of diseases including pneumonia. S. aureus is the second most isolated pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients and accounts for a large proportion of nosocomial pneumonia. Inside the lung, the human airway epithelium is the first line in defence with regard to microbial recognition and clearance as well as regulation of the immune response. The metabolic host response is, however, yet unknown. To address the question of whether the infection alters the metabolome and metabolic activity of airway epithelial cells, we used a metabolomics approach. The nutrition uptake by the human airway epithelial cell line A549 was monitored over time by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and the intracellular metabolic fingerprints were investigated by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (GC-MS) and (HPLC-MS). To test the metabolic activity of the host cells, glutamine analogues and labelled precursors were applied after the infection. We found that A549 cells restrict uptake of essential nutrients from the medium after S. aureus infection. Moreover, the infection led to a shutdown of the purine and pyrimidine synthesis in the A549 host cell, whereas other metabolic routes such as the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway remained active. In summary, our data show that the infection with S. aureus negatively affects growth, alters the metabolic composition and specifically impacts the de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in this human airway epithelial cell model.
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24
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Metabolic Adaptations of Intracellullar Bacterial Pathogens and their Mammalian Host Cells during Infection ("Pathometabolism"). Microbiol Spectr 2016; 3. [PMID: 26185075 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mbp-0002-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial pathogens that cause severe infections in warm-blooded animals, including humans, have the potential to actively invade host cells and to efficiently replicate either in the cytosol or in specialized vacuoles of the mammalian cells. The interaction between these intracellular bacterial pathogens and the host cells always leads to multiple physiological changes in both interacting partners, including complex metabolic adaptation reactions aimed to promote proliferation of the pathogen within different compartments of the host cells. In this chapter, we discuss the necessary nutrients and metabolic pathways used by some selected cytosolic and vacuolar intracellular pathogens and--when available--the links between the intracellular bacterial metabolism and the expression of the virulence genes required for the intracellular bacterial replication cycle. Furthermore, we address the growing evidence that pathogen-specific factors may also trigger metabolic responses of the infected mammalian cells affecting the carbon and nitrogen metabolism as well as defense reactions. We also point out that many studies on the metabolic host cell responses induced by the pathogens have to be scrutinized due to the use of established cell lines as model host cells, as these cells are (in the majority) cancer cells that exhibit a dysregulated primary carbon metabolism. As the exact knowledge of the metabolic host cell responses may also provide new concepts for antibacterial therapies, there is undoubtedly an urgent need for host cell models that more closely reflect the in vivo infection conditions.
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25
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Johansson MEV, Jakobsson HE, Holmén-Larsson J, Schütte A, Ermund A, Rodríguez-Piñeiro AM, Arike L, Wising C, Svensson F, Bäckhed F, Hansson GC. Normalization of Host Intestinal Mucus Layers Requires Long-Term Microbial Colonization. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 18:582-92. [PMID: 26526499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucus layer provides a barrier limiting bacterial contact with the underlying epithelium. Mucus structure is shaped by intestinal location and the microbiota. To understand how commensals modulate gut mucus, we examined mucus properties under germ-free (GF) conditions and during microbial colonization. Although the colon mucus organization of GF mice was similar to that of conventionally raised (Convr) mice, the GF inner mucus layer was penetrable to bacteria-sized beads. During colonization, in which GF mice were gavaged with Convr microbiota, the small intestine mucus required 5 weeks to be normally detached and colonic inner mucus 6 weeks to become impenetrable. The composition of the small intestinal microbiota during colonization was similar to Convr donors until 3 weeks, when Bacteroides increased, Firmicutes decreased, and segmented filamentous bacteria became undetectable. These findings highlight the dynamics of mucus layer development and indicate that studies of mature microbe-mucus interactions should be conducted weeks after colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hedvig E Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Holmén-Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Schütte
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Liisa Arike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catharina Wising
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Svensson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Hoffmann TW, Pham HP, Bridonneau C, Aubry C, Lamas B, Martin-Gallausiaux C, Moroldo M, Rainteau D, Lapaque N, Six A, Richard ML, Fargier E, Le Guern ME, Langella P, Sokol H. Microorganisms linked to inflammatory bowel disease-associated dysbiosis differentially impact host physiology in gnotobiotic mice. ISME JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26218241 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studying host-microbiota interactions are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms involved in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. In this work, we analyzed these interactions in mice that were mono-associated with six microorganisms that are representative of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated dysbiosis: the bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, adhesive-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), Ruminococcus gnavus and Roseburia intestinalis; a yeast used as a probiotic drug, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745; and another yeast, Candida albicans. Extensive ex vivo analyses including colon transcriptomics, histology, immune response, bile acid metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production were studied. We showed that B. thetaiotaomicron had the highest impact on the immune system because it was almost able to recapitulate the effects of the entire conventional microbiota and notably induced Treg pathways. Furthermore, these analyses uncovered the effects of E. coli AIEC LF82 on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 on angiogenesis. These results were confirmed in vitro in human cell lines. Finally, our results suggested that R. gnavus has major effects on metabolism, and notably on tryptophan metabolism. This work therefore reveals that microorganisms with a potential role in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation have specific impacts on the host, and it suggests several tracks to follow to understand intestinal homeostasis and IBD pathogenesis better, providing new insights to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Hoffmann
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hang-Phuong Pham
- ILTOO Pharma, Institut du Cerveau et de Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Bridonneau
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Camille Aubry
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- ERL INSERM U 1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | | | - Marco Moroldo
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI/CRB GADIE, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1313 GABI, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- ERL INSERM U 1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lapaque
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Adrien Six
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S 959, CNRS FRE 3632, Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
| | - Mathias L Richard
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Emilie Fargier
- Biocodex, Centre Recherche et Développement, Compiègne, France
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France.,ERL INSERM U 1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France.,AgroParisTech, UMR1313 GABI, Jouy en Josas, France.,Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris 6, Paris, France
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27
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Organelle targeting during bacterial infection: insights from Listeria. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:330-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Pillich H, Chakraborty T, Mraheil MA. Cell-autonomous responses in Listeria monocytogenes infection. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:583-97. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium causing listeriosis, a food-borne infection with a high mortality rate. The mechanisms and the role of cells and tissular components in generating protective adaptive immune responses are well studied, and cell biological studies provide a detailed understanding of the processes targeted by the bacterial products. Much less is known of the cellular responses activated to limit infection in individual cells when confronted with stress or infection. Eukaryotic cellular responses depend on multitiered homeostatic systems that ensure maintenance of proteostatis, organellar integrity, function and turnover, and overall cellular viability (‘the cell-autonomous response’). Here, we review the cell-autonomous responses induced during extracellular and intracellular L. monocytogenes growth and discuss their contribution to limiting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pillich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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29
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Cossart P, Lebreton A. A trip in the "New Microbiology" with the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2437-45. [PMID: 24911203 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen causing an opportunistic disease called listeriosis. This bacterium invades and replicates in most cell types, due to its multiple strategies to exploit host molecular mechanisms. Research aiming at unravelling Listeria invasion and intracellular lifestyle has led to a number of key discoveries in infection biology, cell biology and also microbiology. In this review, we report on our most recent advances in understanding the intimate crosstalk between the bacterium and its host, resulting from in-depth studies performed over the past five years. We specifically highlight new concepts in RNA-based regulation in bacteria and discuss important findings in cell biology, including a new role for clathrin and an atypical mitochondrial fragmentation mechanism. We also illustrate the notion that bacterial infection regulates host gene expression at the chromatin level, contributing to an emerging field called patho-epigenetics. This review corresponds to the lecture given by one of us (P.C.) on the occasion of the 2014 FEBS|EMBO Woman in Science Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Inserm, U604, Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
| | - Alice Lebreton
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Inserm, U604, Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
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30
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Schnorr SL, Candela M, Rampelli S, Centanni M, Consolandi C, Basaglia G, Turroni S, Biagi E, Peano C, Severgnini M, Fiori J, Gotti R, De Bellis G, Luiselli D, Brigidi P, Mabulla A, Marlowe F, Henry AG, Crittenden AN. Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3654. [PMID: 24736369 PMCID: PMC3996546 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota directly influences health and provides an extra means of adaptive potential to different lifestyles. To explore variation in gut microbiota and to understand how these bacteria may have co-evolved with humans, here we investigate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolite production of the gut microbiota from a community of human hunter-gatherers, the Hadza of Tanzania. We show that the Hadza have higher levels of microbial richness and biodiversity than Italian urban controls. Further comparisons with two rural farming African groups illustrate other features unique to Hadza that can be linked to a foraging lifestyle. These include absence of Bifidobacterium and differences in microbial composition between the sexes that probably reflect sexual division of labour. Furthermore, enrichment in Prevotella, Treponema and unclassified Bacteroidetes, as well as a peculiar arrangement of Clostridiales taxa, may enhance the Hadza’s ability to digest and extract valuable nutrition from fibrous plant foods. Gut microbes influence our health and may contribute to human adaptation to different lifestyles. Here, the authors describe the gut microbiome of a community of hunter-gatherers and identify unique features that could be linked to a foraging lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schnorr
- 1] Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany [2]
| | - Marco Candela
- 1] Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy [2]
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Centanni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Clarissa Consolandi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Basaglia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Bellis
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Audax Mabulla
- College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, 35091 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Frank Marlowe
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Amanda G Henry
- Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alyssa N Crittenden
- Metabolism, Anthropometry, and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-5003, USA
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31
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne intracellular pathogen, is responsible for about 300 deaths every year in the USA. It has the ability to escape host defense mechanisms and causes listeriosis more frequently in immunocompromised individuals. Virulence mechanisms in L. monocytogenes are highly regulated and tightly controlled. A number of virulence factors that play important roles in pathogenesis of listeriosis have been identified and characterized. This review highlights the power of comparative genomics and functional genomics in identifying genes and proteins involved in the infection process. These genes and proteins are potentially useful as biomarkers for detecting virulent L. monocytogenes. This review also focuses on developments in the in vivo and in vitro models used in characterization of listerial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Reddy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Starkville, MS, 39762-6100, USA
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32
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The intestinal microbiota interferes with the microRNA response upon oral Listeria infection. mBio 2013; 4:e00707-13. [PMID: 24327339 PMCID: PMC3870255 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00707-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. The intestinal microbiota is thought to be able to modulate alterations of the gut induced by enteropathogens, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Listeria monocytogenes is the agent of listeriosis, an infection transmitted to humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Crossing of the intestinal barrier is a critical step of the infection before dissemination into deeper organs. Here, we investigated the role of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of host protein-coding genes and microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression during Listeria infection. We first established the intestinal miRNA signatures corresponding to the 10 most highly expressed miRNAs in the murine ileum of conventional and germfree mice, noninfected and infected with Listeria. Next, we identified 6 miRNAs whose expression decreased upon Listeria infection in conventional mice. Strikingly, five of these miRNA expression variations (in miR-143, miR-148a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-378) were dependent on the presence of the microbiota. In addition, as is already known, protein-coding genes were highly affected by infection in both conventional and germfree mice. By crossing bioinformatically the predicted targets of the miRNAs to our whole-genome transcriptomic data, we revealed an miRNA-mRNA network that suggested miRNA-mediated global regulation during intestinal infection. Other recent studies have revealed an miRNA response to either bacterial pathogens or commensal bacteria. In contrast, our work provides an unprecedented insight into the impact of the intestinal microbiota on host transcriptional reprogramming during infection by a human pathogen. While the crucial role of miRNAs in regulating the host response to bacterial infection is increasingly recognized, the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of miRNA expression has not been explored in detail. Here, we investigated the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the regulation of protein-coding genes and miRNA expression in a host infected by L. monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. We show that the microbiota interferes with the microRNA response upon oral Listeria infection and identify several protein-coding target genes whose expression correlates inversely with that of the miRNA. Further investigations of the regulatory networks involving miR-143, miR-148a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-378 will provide new insights into the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the host upon bacterial infection.
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33
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Disson O, Lecuit M. In vitro and in vivo models to study human listeriosis: mind the gap. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:971-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the host innate immune response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:730-40. [PMID: 24242237 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03313-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe data obtained from transcriptome profiling of human cell lines and intestinal cells of a murine model upon exposure and colonization, respectively, with Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010. Significant changes were detected in the transcription of genes that are known to be involved in innate immunity. Furthermore, results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that exposure to B. bifidum PRL2010 causes enhanced production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 cytokines, presumably through NF-κB activation. The obtained global transcription profiles strongly suggest that Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the innate immune response of the host.
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35
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Eisenreich W, Heesemann J, Rudel T, Goebel W. Metabolic host responses to infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:24. [PMID: 23847769 PMCID: PMC3705551 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of bacterial pathogens with mammalian hosts leads to a variety of physiological responses of the interacting partners aimed at an adaptation to the new situation. These responses include multiple metabolic changes in the affected host cells which are most obvious when the pathogen replicates within host cells as in case of intracellular bacterial pathogens. While the pathogen tries to deprive nutrients from the host cell, the host cell in return takes various metabolic countermeasures against the nutrient theft. During this conflicting interaction, the pathogen triggers metabolic host cell responses by means of common cell envelope components and specific virulence-associated factors. These host reactions generally promote replication of the pathogen. There is growing evidence that pathogen-specific factors may interfere in different ways with the complex regulatory network that controls the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of mammalian cells. The host cell defense answers include general metabolic reactions, like the generation of oxygen- and/or nitrogen-reactive species, and more specific measures aimed to prevent access to essential nutrients for the respective pathogen. Accurate results on metabolic host cell responses are often hampered by the use of cancer cell lines that already exhibit various de-regulated reactions in the primary carbon metabolism. Hence, there is an urgent need for cellular models that more closely reflect the in vivo infection conditions. The exact knowledge of the metabolic host cell responses may provide new interesting concepts for antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Center of Isotopologue Profiling, Technische Universität München Garching, Germany
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36
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Doran KS, Banerjee A, Disson O, Lecuit M. Concepts and mechanisms: crossing host barriers. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010090. [PMID: 23818514 PMCID: PMC3685877 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human body is bordered by the skin and mucosa, which are the cellular barriers that define the frontier between the internal milieu and the external nonsterile environment. Additional cellular barriers, such as the placental and the blood-brain barriers, define protected niches within the host. In addition to their physiological roles, these host barriers provide both physical and immune defense against microbial infection. Yet, many pathogens have evolved elaborated mechanisms to target this line of defense, resulting in a microbial invasion of cells constitutive of host barriers, disruption of barrier integrity, and systemic dissemination and invasion of deeper tissues. Here we review representative examples of microbial interactions with human barriers, including the intestinal, placental, and blood-brain barriers, and discuss how these microbes adhere to, invade, breach, or compromise these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Doran
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA.
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37
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Rennoll-Bankert KE, Dumler JS. Lessons from Anaplasma phagocytophilum: chromatin remodeling by bacterial effectors. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2013; 12:380-7. [PMID: 23082961 PMCID: PMC3664514 DOI: 10.2174/187152612804142242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens can alter global host gene expression via histone modifications and chromatin remodeling in order to subvert host responses, including those involved with innate immunity, allowing for bacterial survival. Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum express effector proteins that modify host histones and chromatin structure. A. phagocytophilum modulates granulocyte respiratory burst in part by dampening transcription of several key phagocyte oxidase genes. The A. phagocytophilum protein AnkA localizes to the myeloid cell nucleus where it binds AT-rich regions in the CYBB promoter and decreases its transcription. AT-rich regions of DNA are characteristic of matrix attachment regions (MARs) which are critical for chromatin structure and transcription. MAR-binding proteins, such as SATB1, interact with histone modifying enzymes resulting in altered gene expression. With A. phagocytophilum infection, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression is increased and histone H3 acetylation is decreased at the CYBB promoter, suggesting a role for AnkA in altering host epigenetics and modulating gene transcription, at this, and perhaps other loci. This review will focus on how bacterial pathogens alter host epigenetics, by specifically examining A. phagocytophilum AnkA cis-regulation of CYBB transcription and epigenetic changes associated with infection.
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38
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Tsai YH, Disson O, Bierne H, Lecuit M. Murinization of internalin extends its receptor repertoire, altering Listeria monocytogenes cell tropism and host responses. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003381. [PMID: 23737746 PMCID: PMC3667765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an invasive foodborne pathogen that leads to severe central nervous system and maternal-fetal infections. Lm ability to actively cross the intestinal barrier is one of its key pathogenic properties. Lm crosses the intestinal epithelium upon the interaction of its surface protein internalin (InlA) with its host receptor E-cadherin (Ecad). InlA-Ecad interaction is species-specific, does not occur in wild-type mice, but does in transgenic mice expressing human Ecad and knock-in mice expressing humanized mouse Ecad. To study listeriosis in wild-type mice, InlA has been “murinized” to interact with mouse Ecad. Here, we demonstrate that, unexpectedly, murinized InlA (InlAm) mediates not only Ecad-dependent internalization, but also N-cadherin-dependent internalization. Consequently, InlAm-expressing Lm targets not only goblet cells expressing luminally-accessible Ecad, as does Lm in humanized mice, but also targets villous M cells, which express luminally-accessible N-cadherin. This aberrant Lm portal of entry results in enhanced innate immune responses and intestinal barrier damage, both of which are not observed in wild-type Lm-infected humanized mice. Murinization of InlA therefore not only extends the host range of Lm, but also broadens its receptor repertoire, providing Lm with artifactual pathogenic properties. These results challenge the relevance of using InlAm-expressing Lm to study human listeriosis and in vivo host responses to this human pathogen. Co-evolution of microbes with their hosts can select stringently specific host-microbe interactions at the cell, tissue and species levels. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that causes a deadly systemic infection in humans. Lm crosses the intestinal epithelium upon the interaction of its surface protein InlA with E-cadherin (Ecad). InlA-Ecad interaction is species-specific, does not occur in wild-type mice, but does in transgenic mice expressing human Ecad and knock-in mice expressing humanized mouse Ecad. To study listeriosis in wild-type mice, InlA has been “murinized” to interact with mouse Ecad. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to interacting with mouse Ecad, InlAm also uses N-cadherin as a receptor, whereas InlA does not. This artifactual InlAm-N-cadherin interaction promotes bacterial translocation across villous M cells, a cell type which is not targeted by InlA-expressing bacteria. This leads to intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage, both of which are not seen in humans and humanized mouse models permissive to InlA-Ecad interaction. These results challenge the relevance of using InlAm-expressing Lm as a model to study human listeriosis and host responses to this pathogen. They also illustrate that caution must be exercised before using “murinized” pathogens to study human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Tsai
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Listeria, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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39
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Travier L, Guadagnini S, Gouin E, Dufour A, Chenal-Francisque V, Cossart P, Olivo-Marin JC, Ghigo JM, Disson O, Lecuit M. ActA promotes Listeria monocytogenes aggregation, intestinal colonization and carriage. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003131. [PMID: 23382675 PMCID: PMC3561219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium able to survive and thrive within the environment and readily colonizes a wide range of substrates, often as a biofilm. It is also a facultative intracellular pathogen, which actively invades diverse hosts and induces listeriosis. So far, these two complementary facets of Lm biology have been studied independently. Here we demonstrate that the major Lm virulence determinant ActA, a PrfA-regulated gene product enabling actin polymerization and thereby promoting its intracellular motility and cell-to-cell spread, is critical for bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. We show that ActA mediates Lm aggregation via direct ActA-ActA interactions and that the ActA C-terminal region, which is not involved in actin polymerization, is essential for aggregation in vitro. In mice permissive to orally-acquired listeriosis, ActA-mediated Lm aggregation is not observed in infected tissues but occurs in the gut lumen. Strikingly, ActA-dependent aggregating bacteria exhibit an increased ability to persist within the cecum and colon lumen of mice, and are shed in the feces three order of magnitude more efficiently and for twice as long than bacteria unable to aggregate. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel function for ActA and illustrates that in addition to contributing to its dissemination within the host, ActA plays a key role in Lm persistence within the host and in transmission from the host back to the environment. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that survives and thrives within the environment, and a facultative intracellular pathogen that induces listeriosis. So far, these two complementary facets of Lm biology have been studied independently. Here we identify ActA, which is a major Lm virulence determinant mediating actin-based motility, as critical for bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. ActA promotes Lm aggregation via direct ActA-ActA interaction and ActA C-terminal region, which is not involved in actin polymerization, is essential for aggregation. Whereas ActA-mediated Lm aggregation is not observed in infected tissues, it occurs in the gut lumen. Strikingly, ActA-dependent aggregating bacteria exhibit an increased ability to persist within the gut lumen, and are shed in the feces three order of magnitude more and for twice as long than bacteria unable to aggregate. This study identifies a novel function for ActA, which plays a key role in Lm persistence within the host and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Travier
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Guadagnini
- Plateforme de Microscopie Ultrastructurale, Imagopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Edith Gouin
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dufour
- Unité Analyse d'Images Quantitative, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2582, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Chenal-Francisque
- French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2172, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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40
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that crosses the intestinal barrier and disseminates within the host. Here, we report a unique comprehensive analysis of the impact of two Lactobacillus species, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 and Lactobacillus casei BL23, on L. monocytogenes and orally acquired listeriosis in a gnotobiotic humanized mouse model. We first assessed the effect of treatment with each Lactobacillus on L. monocytogenes counts in host tissues and showed that each decreases L. monocytogenes systemic dissemination in orally inoculated mice. A whole genome intestinal transcriptomic analysis revealed that each Lactobacillus changes expression of a specific subset of genes during infection, with IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) being the most affected by both lactobacilli. We also examined microRNA (miR) expression and showed that three miRs (miR-192, miR-200b, and miR-215) are repressed during L. monocytogenes infection. Treatment with each Lactobacillus increased miR-192 expression, whereas only L. casei association increased miR-200b and miR-215 expression. Finally, we showed that treatment with each Lactobacillus significantly reshaped the L. monocytogenes transcriptome and up-regulated transcription of L. monocytogenes genes encoding enzymes allowing utilization of intestinal carbon and nitrogen sources in particular genes involved in propanediol and ethanolamine catabolism and cobalamin biosynthesis. Altogether, these data reveal that the modulation of L. monocytogenes infection by treatment with lactobacilli correlates with a decrease in host gene expression, in particular ISGs, miR regulation, and a dramatic reshaping of L. monocytogenes transcriptome.
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Hamon MA, Ribet D, Stavru F, Cossart P. Listeriolysin O: the Swiss army knife of Listeria. Trends Microbiol 2012; 20:360-8. [PMID: 22652164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a toxin produced by Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis. This disease starts with the ingestion of contaminated foods and mainly affects immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and pregnant women. In the laboratory, L. monocytogenes is used as a model organism to study processes such as cell invasion, intracellular survival, and cell-to-cell spreading, as this Gram-positive bacterium has evolved elaborate molecular strategies to subvert host cell functions. LLO is a major virulence factor originally shown to be crucial for bacterial escape from the internalization vacuole after entry into cells. However, recent studies are revisiting the role of LLO during infection and are revealing new insights into the action of LLO, in particular before bacterial entry. These latest findings along with their impact on the infectious process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Anne Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France
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Hoelzer K, Pouillot R, Dennis S. Animal models of listeriosis: a comparative review of the current state of the art and lessons learned. Vet Res 2012; 43:18. [PMID: 22417207 PMCID: PMC3384455 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a leading cause of hospitalization and death due to foodborne illness in the industrialized world. Animal models have played fundamental roles in elucidating the pathophysiology and immunology of listeriosis, and will almost certainly continue to be integral components of the research on listeriosis. Data derived from animal studies helped for example characterize the importance of cell-mediated immunity in controlling infection, allowed evaluation of chemotherapeutic treatments for listeriosis, and contributed to quantitative assessments of the public health risk associated with L. monocytogenes contaminated food commodities. Nonetheless, a number of pivotal questions remain unresolved, including dose-response relationships, which represent essential components of risk assessments. Newly emerging data about species-specific differences have recently raised concern about the validity of most traditional animal models of listeriosis. However, considerable uncertainty about the best choice of animal model remains. Here we review the available data on traditional and potential new animal models to summarize currently recognized strengths and limitations of each model. This knowledge is instrumental for devising future studies and for interpreting current data. We deliberately chose a historical, comparative and cross-disciplinary approach, striving to reveal clues that may help predict the ultimate value of each animal model in spite of incomplete data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoelzer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
| | - Régis Pouillot
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
| | - Sherri Dennis
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
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Abstract
Epithelia are highly organised structures protecting underlying tissues against microbial pathogens. Epithelial morphogenesis and maintenance is mediated by cell-cell adhesion molecules organised in junctional complexes, such as the adherens junctions. The tight organisation of these complexes and their interactions with cellular factors render the epithelia impermeable to potential invaders. Nevertheless, pathogens have developed strategies to target, interact and manipulate junctional complexes, in order to disrupt or cross the epithelial barriers and cause infection. Bacteria, viruses and parasites access the junctional molecular components either directly, often taking advantage of physiological alterations in epithelial polarity, or indirectly, by delivering into cells molecular factors that destabilise junctional integrity. Importantly, microbial interactions with junctional components are instrumental not only to elucidate mechanisms of invasion, but also to unravel fundamental physiological properties of the epithelial barriers, at the cellular and tissular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikitas
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
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44
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Illuminating the landscape of host-pathogen interactions with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19484-91. [PMID: 22114192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112371108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has, in 25 y, become a model in infection biology. Through the analysis of both its saprophytic life and infectious process, new concepts in microbiology, cell biology, and pathogenesis have been discovered. This review will update our knowledge on this intracellular pathogen and highlight the most recent breakthroughs. Promising areas of investigation such as the increasingly recognized relevance for the infectious process, of RNA-mediated regulations in the bacterium, and the role of bacterially controlled posttranslational and epigenetic modifications in the host will also be discussed.
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Nikitas G, Deschamps C, Disson O, Niault T, Cossart P, Lecuit M. Transcytosis of Listeria monocytogenes across the intestinal barrier upon specific targeting of goblet cell accessible E-cadherin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2263-77. [PMID: 21967767 PMCID: PMC3201198 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes targets accessible E-cadherin expressed on mucus-producing goblet cells to invade the intestinal tissue. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that crosses the intestinal barrier upon interaction between its surface protein InlA and its species-specific host receptor E-cadherin (Ecad). Ecad, the key constituent of adherens junctions, is typically situated below tight junctions and therefore considered inaccessible from the intestinal lumen. In this study, we investigated how Lm specifically targets its receptor on intestinal villi and crosses the intestinal epithelium to disseminate systemically. We demonstrate that Ecad is luminally accessible around mucus-expelling goblet cells (GCs), around extruding enterocytes at the tip and lateral sides of villi, and in villus epithelial folds. We show that upon preferential adherence to accessible Ecad on GCs, Lm is internalized, rapidly transcytosed across the intestinal epithelium, and released in the lamina propria by exocytosis from where it disseminates systemically. Together, these results show that Lm exploits intrinsic tissue heterogeneity to access its receptor and reveal transcytosis as a novel and unanticipated pathway that is hijacked by Lm to breach the intestinal epithelium and cause systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikitas
- Microbes and Host Barriers Group, French National Reference Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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46
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In vitro properties of a Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage-resistant mutant predict its efficacy as a live oral vaccine strain. Infect Immun 2011; 79:5001-9. [PMID: 21930759 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05700-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A Listeria monocytogenes glcV mutation precludes the binding of certain listerial phages and produces a profound attenuation characterized by the absence of detectable mutants in the livers and spleens of orally inoculated mice. In vitro, we found that the mutant formed plaques on mouse enterocyte monolayers as efficiently as the parent but the plaques formed were smaller. Intracellular growth rate determinations and examination of infected enterocytes by light and fluorescence microscopy established that the mutant was impaired not in intracellular growth rate but in cell-to-cell spreading. Because this property is shared by other immunogenic mutants (e.g., actA mutants), our glcV mutant was tested for vaccine efficacy. Oral immunization with the mutant and subsequent oral challenge (22 days postvaccination) with the parent revealed a ca. 10,000-fold increase in protection afforded by the mutant compared to sham-vaccinated controls. The glcV mutant did not stimulate innate immunity under the dose and route employed for vaccination, and an infectivity index time course experiment revealed pronounced mutant persistence in Peyer's patches. The immunogenicity of the glcV mutant compared to an isogenic actA mutant reference strain was next tested in an experiment with a challenge given 52 days postvaccination. Both mutant strains showed scant vital organ infectivity and high levels of protection similar to those seen using the glcV mutant in the 22-day postvaccination challenge. Our results indicate that oral administration of a profoundly attenuated listerial mutant can safely elicit solid protective immunity.
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47
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Reynders A, Yessaad N, Vu Manh TP, Dalod M, Fenis A, Aubry C, Nikitas G, Escalière B, Renauld JC, Dussurget O, Cossart P, Lecuit M, Vivier E, Tomasello E. Identity, regulation and in vivo function of gut NKp46+RORγt+ and NKp46+RORγt- lymphoid cells. EMBO J 2011; 30:2934-47. [PMID: 21685873 PMCID: PMC3160256 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a major barrier against microbes and encloses various innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including two subsets expressing the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46. A subset of NKp46(+) cells expresses retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and produces IL-22, like lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Other NKp46(+) cells lack RORγt and produce IFN-γ, like conventional Natural Killer (cNK) cells. The identity, the regulation and the in vivo functions of gut NKp46(+) ILCs largely remain to be unravelled. Using pan-genomic profiling, we showed here that small intestine (SI) NKp46(+)RORγt(-) ILCs correspond to SI NK cells. Conversely, we identified a transcriptional programme conserved in fetal LTi cells and adult SI NKp46(+)RORγt(+) and NKp46(-)RORγt(+) ILCs. We also demonstrated that the IL-1β/IL-1R1/MyD88 pathway, but not the commensal flora, drove IL-22 production by NKp46(+)RORγt(+) ILCs. Finally, oral Listeria monocytogenes infection induced IFN-γ production in SI NK and IL-22 production in NKp46(+)RORγt(+) ILCs, but only IFN-γ contributed to control bacteria dissemination. NKp46(+) ILC heterogeneity is thus associated with subset-specific transcriptional programmes and effector functions that govern their implication in gut innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reynders
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Yessaad
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Fenis
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Aubry
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cellular Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Georgios Nikitas
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- Microbes and Host Barriers Group, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Escalière
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Experimental Medicine Unit, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cellular Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cellular Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- Microbes and Host Barriers Group, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
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48
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Stavru F, Archambaud C, Cossart P. Cell biology and immunology of Listeria monocytogenes infections: novel insights. Immunol Rev 2011; 240:160-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Boekel J, Källskog O, Rydén-Aulin M, Rhen M, Richter-Dahlfors A. Comparative tissue transcriptomics reveal prompt inter-organ communication in response to local bacterial kidney infection. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:123. [PMID: 21338499 PMCID: PMC3047304 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal infections elicit inflammatory responses via regulated signaling pathways. Infection outcome depends strongly on early events occurring immediately when bacteria start interacting with cells in the mucosal membrane. Hitherto reported transcription profiles on host-pathogen interactions are strongly biased towards in vitro studies. To detail the local in vivo genetic response to infection, we here profiled host gene expression in a recent experimental model that assures high spatial and temporal control of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection within the kidney of a live rat. Results Transcriptional profiling of tissue biopsies from UPEC-infected kidney tissue revealed 59 differentially expressed genes 8 h post-infection. Their relevance for the infection process was supported by a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Early differential expression at 3 h and 5 h post-infection was of low statistical significance, which correlated to the low degree of infection. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of the 8 h data set and online available studies of early local infection and inflammation defined a core of 80 genes constituting a "General tissue response to early local bacterial infections". Among these, 25% were annotated as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) regulated. Subsequent experimental analyses confirmed a systemic increase of IFN-γ in rats with an ongoing local kidney infection, correlating to splenic, rather than renal Ifng induction and suggested this inter-organ communication to be mediated by interleukin (IL)-23. The use of comparative transcriptomics allowed expansion of the statistical data handling, whereby relevant data could also be extracted from the 5 h data set. Out of the 31 differentially expressed core genes, some represented specific 5 h responses, illustrating the value of comparative transcriptomics when studying the dynamic nature of gene regulation in response to infections. Conclusion Our hypothesis-free approach identified components of infection-associated multi-cellular tissue responses and demonstrated how a comparative analysis allows retrieval of relevant information from lower-quality data sets. The data further define marked representation of IFN-γ responsive genes and a prompt inter-organ communication as a hallmark of an early local tissue response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit Boekel
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8,Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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The Listeria monocytogenes InlC protein interferes with innate immune responses by targeting the I{kappa}B kinase subunit IKK{alpha}. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17333-8. [PMID: 20855622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1007765107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen responsible for severe foodborne infections. It can replicate in both phagocytic and nonphagocytic mammalian cells. The infectious process at the cellular level has been studied extensively, but how the bacterium overcomes early host innate immune responses remains largely unknown. Here we show that InlC, a member of the internalin family, is secreted intracellularly and directly interacts with IKKα, a subunit of the IκB kinase complex critical for the phosphorylation of IκB and activation of NF-κB, the major regulator of innate immune responses. Infection experiments with WT Listeria or the inlC-deletion mutant and transfection of cells with InlC reveal that InlC expression impairs phosphorylation and consequently delays IκB degradation normally induced by TNF-α, a classical NF-κB stimulator. Moreover, infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages by the inlC mutant leads to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines compared with that obtained with the WT. Finally, in a peritonitis mouse model, we show that infection with the inlC mutant induces increased production of chemokines and increased recruitment of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity compared with infection with WT. Together, these results demonstrate that InlC, by interacting with IKKα, dampens the host innate response induced by Listeria during the infection process.
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