1
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Yeo S, Wu H, Yoon I, Lee WK, Hwang SJ. Design of smart chemotherapy of doxorubicin hydrochloride using nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124048. [PMID: 38537925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is an anticancer agent used in cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to design nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of DOX as smart chemotherapy to improve its photostability and anticancer efficacy. The characteristics of DOX and DOX-loaded NLCs were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size, and zeta potential study. The cytotoxicity of DOX was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, and CT-26). The particle size and zeta potential were in the range 58.45-94.08 nm and -5.80 mV - -18.27 mV, respectively. The chemical interactions, particularly hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, between DOX and the main components of NLCs was confirmed by FTIR. NLCs showed the sustained release profile of DOX. The photostability results revealed that the NLC system improved the photostability of DOX. Cytotoxicity results using the three cell lines showed that all formulations improved the anticancer efficacy of free DOX, and the efficacy was dependent on cell type and particle size. These results suggest that DOX-loaded NLCs are promising chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooho Yeo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiqiang Wu
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yoon
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Nöbel M, Barry C, MacDonald MA, Baker K, Shave E, Mahler S, Munro T, Martínez VS, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E. Harnessing metabolic plasticity in CHO cells for enhanced perfusion cultivation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1371-1383. [PMID: 38079117 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells have rapidly become a cornerstone in biopharmaceutical production. Recently, a reinvigoration of perfusion culture mode in CHO cell cultivation has been observed. However, most cell lines currently in use have been engineered and adapted for fed-batch culture methods, and may not perform optimally under perfusion conditions. To improve the cell's resilience and viability during perfusion culture, we cultured a triple knockout CHO cell line, deficient in three apoptosis related genes BAX, BAK, and BOK in a perfusion system. After 20 days of culture, the cells exhibited a halt in cell proliferation. Interestingly, following this phase of growth arrest, the cells entered a second growth phase. During this phase, the cell numbers nearly doubled, but cell specific productivity decreased. We performed a proteomics investigation, elucidating a distinct correlation between growth arrest and cell cycle arrest and showing an upregulation of the central carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The upregulation was partially reverted during the second growth phase, likely caused by intragenerational adaptations to stresses encountered. A phase-dependent response to oxidative stress was noted, indicating glutathione has only a secondary role during cell cycle arrest. Our data provides evidence of metabolic regulation under high cell density culturing conditions and demonstrates that cell growth arrest can be overcome. The acquired insights have the potential to not only enhance our understanding of cellular metabolism but also contribute to the development of superior cell lines for perfusion cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nöbel
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Craig Barry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology (COESB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Michael A MacDonald
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Evan Shave
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Trent Munro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Verónica S Martínez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology (COESB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Queensland Metabolomics and Proteomics (Q-MAP), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology (COESB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Queensland Metabolomics and Proteomics (Q-MAP), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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3
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Cai Y, Yang H, Wan Z, Chen PY, Wang ZB, Guo JJ, Wang D, Wang F, Zhang Y. A novel lncRNA LOC105613571 binding with BDNF in pituitary promotes gonadotropin secretion by AKT/ERK-mTOR pathway in sheep associated with prolificacy. Biofactors 2024; 50:58-73. [PMID: 37431985 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary is a vital endocrine organ for synthesis and secretion of gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH), and the gonadotropin showed fluctuations in animals with different fecundity. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as regulatory factors for the reproductive process. However, the profiles of lncRNAs and their roles involved in sheep fecundity remains unclear. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing for the sheep pituitary gland associated with different fecundity, and identified a novel candidate lncRNA LOC105613571 targeting BDNF related to gonadotropin secretion. Our results showed that expression of lncRNA LOC105613571 and BDNF could be significantly upregulated by GnRH stimulation in sheep pituitary cells in vitro. Notably, either lncRNA LOC105613571 or BDNF silencing inhibited cell proliferation while promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, lncRNA LOC105613571 knockdown could also downregulate gonadotropin secretion via inactivation AKT, ERK and mTOR pathway. In addition, co-treatment with GnRH stimulation and lncRNA LOC105613571 or BDNF knockdown showed the opposite effect on sheep pituitary cells in vitro. In summary, BDNF-binding lncRNA LOC105613571 in sheep regulates pituitary cell proliferation and gonadotropin secretion via the AKT/ERK-mTOR pathway, providing new ideas for the molecular mechanisms of pituitary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Jing Guo
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Qianbao Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Yancheng, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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4
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La Russa D, Barberio L, Marrone A, Perri A, Pellegrino D. Caloric Restriction Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis in an Aged and Obese Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1778. [PMID: 37760081 PMCID: PMC10525959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is an effective intervention to protract healthspan and lifespan in several animal models from yeast to primates, including humans. Caloric restriction has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health and to delay the onset and progression of kidney disease in different species, particularly in rodent models. In both aging and obesity, fibrosis is a hallmark of kidney disease, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a key process that leads to fibrosis and renal dysfunction during aging. In this study, we used an aged and obese rat model to evaluate the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (-40%) on renal damage both from a structural and functional point of view. Renal interstitial fibrosis was analyzed by histological techniques, whereas effects on mesenchymal (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Desmin and α-SMA), antioxidant (SOD1, SOD2, Catalase and GSTP1) inflammatory (YM1 and iNOS) markers and apoptotic/cell cycle (BAX, BCL2, pJNK, Caspase 3 and p27) pathways were investigated using Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction promotes cell cycle division and reduces apoptotic injury and fibrosis phenotype through inflammation attenuation and leukocyte infiltration. In conclusion, we highlight the beneficial effects of caloric restriction to preserve elderly kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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5
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Liu H, Zhang F, Li Z. Expression and significance of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27 in patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:356. [PMID: 37324513 PMCID: PMC10265714 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva (NNEDV) are prevalent and refractory gynecological diseases. However, the underlying pathogenesis of these diseases remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27 (P27) in patients with NNEDV and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Normal vulvar skin samples from patients with perineum repair (control group, n=20) and skin samples from the vulvar lesions of patients with NNEDV (NNEDV group, n=36) were collected. Expression levels of cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 were assessed in the samples using immunohistochemistry. The expression of each protein was evaluated based on the mean optical density (MOD). The MODs of cyclin D1 and CDK4 were significantly higher in samples of the three pathological types of NNEDV, namely squamous hyperplasia (SH), lichen sclerosus (LS) and mixed SH and LS lesions, compared with those of the control group. The MOD of P27 was lower in samples of the three pathological types of NNEDV than in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences in the MOD of cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 were detected among the three pathological types of NNEDV. The ratios of the MOD of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in the prickle cell layer to those in the basal cell layer were significantly higher in the NNEDV group than in the control group. However, the ratio of the MOD of P27 in the prickle cell layer to that in the basal cell layer exhibited no significant difference between the NNEDV and control groups. NNEDV has the potential for malignant transformation. The occurrence and development of NNEDV may be associated with the acceleration of cell proliferation, in which cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 contribute to regulation of the cell cycle. Therefore, cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 may be potential targets in the development of new clinical therapeutic drugs for patients with NNEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Zongheng Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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6
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Mansour ST, Hashem AI, Abd‐El‐Maksoud MA, El‐Hussieny M, El‐Makawy AI, Abdel‐Aziem SH, Soliman FM. The synthesis and antineoplastic activities of thiaziridine, sulfidometylphosphonium, and dithiaphosphitane‐sulfide against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:536-552. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa T. Mansour
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Dokki Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Abassia Egypt
| | | | - Marwa El‐Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Dokki Egypt
| | | | | | - Fouad M. Soliman
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Dokki Egypt
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7
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Sela Y, Li J, Maheswaran S, Norgard R, Yuan S, Hubbi M, Doepner M, Xu JP, Ho E, Measaros C, Sheehan C, Croley G, Muir A, Blair IA, Shalem O, Dang CV, Stanger BZ. Bcl-xL Enforces a Slow-Cycling State Necessary for Survival in the Nutrient-Deprived Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1890-1908. [PMID: 35315913 PMCID: PMC9117449 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors possess heterogeneous metabolic microenvironments where oxygen and nutrient availability are plentiful (fertile regions) or scarce (arid regions). While cancer cells residing in fertile regions proliferate rapidly, most cancer cells in vivo reside in arid regions and exhibit a slow-cycling state that renders them chemoresistant. Here, we developed an in vitro system enabling systematic comparison between these populations via transcriptome analysis, metabolomic profiling, and whole-genome CRISPR screening. Metabolic deprivation led to pronounced transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in decreased anabolic activities and distinct vulnerabilities. Reductions in anabolic, energy-consuming activities, particularly cell proliferation, were not simply byproducts of the metabolic challenge, but rather essential adaptations. Mechanistically, Bcl-xL played a central role in the adaptation to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. In this setting, Bcl-xL protected quiescent cells from the lethal effects of cell-cycle entry in the absence of adequate nutrients. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-xL combined with traditional chemotherapy had a synergistic antitumor effect that targeted cycling cells. Bcl-xL expression was strongly associated with poor patient survival despite being confined to the slow-cycling fraction of human pancreatic cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for combining traditional cancer therapies that target rapidly cycling cells with those that target quiescent, chemoresistant cells associated with nutrient and oxygen deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE The majority of pancreatic cancer cells inhabit nutrient- and oxygen-poor tumor regions and require Bcl-xL for their survival, providing a compelling antitumor metabolic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogev Sela
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Shivahamy Maheswaran
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Norgard
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Maimon Hubbi
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Miriam Doepner
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine Ho
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Measaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Colin Sheehan
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Grace Croley
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Systems and Computational Biology Center and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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8
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Massey AJ, Benwell K, Burbridge M, Kotschy A, Walmsley DL. Targeting DYRK1A/B kinases to modulate p21-cyclin D1-p27 signalling and induce anti-tumour activity in a model of human glioblastoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10650-10662. [PMID: 34708541 PMCID: PMC8581321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B play a key role in controlling the quiescence-proliferation switch in cancer cells. Serum reduction of U87MG 2D cultures or multi-cellular tumour spheroids induced a quiescent like state characterized by increased DYRK1B and p27, and decreased pRb and cyclin D1. VER-239353 is a potent, selective inhibitor of the DYRK1A and DYRK1B kinases identified through fragment and structure-guided drug discovery. Inhibition of DYRK1A/B by VER-239353 in quiescent U87MG cells increased pRb, DYRK1B and cyclin D1 but also increased the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. This resulted in exit from G0 but subsequent arrest in G1. DYRK1A/B inhibition reduced the proliferation of U87MG cells in 2D and 3D culture with greater effects observed under reduced serum conditions. Paradoxically, the induced re-expression of cell cycle proteins by DYRK1A/B inhibition further inhibited cell proliferation. Cell growth arrest induced in quiescent cells by DYRK1A/B inhibition was reversible through the addition of growth-promoting factors. DYRK inhibition-induced DNA damage and synergized with a CHK1 inhibitor in the U87MG spheroids. In vivo, DYRK1A/B inhibition-induced tumour stasis in a U87MG tumour xenograft model. These results suggest that further evaluation of VER-239353 as a treatment for glioblastoma is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mike Burbridge
- Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
- Present address:
EngitixLondonUK
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal ChemistryBudapestHungary
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9
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DU X, Xiao J, Fu X, Xu B, Han H, Wang Y, Pei X. A proteomic analysis of Bcl-2 regulation of cell cycle arrest: insight into the mechanisms. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:839-855. [PMID: 34636187 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an important antiapoptotic gene that plays a dual role in the maintenance of the dynamic balance between the survival and death of cancer cells. In our previous study, Bcl-2 was shown to delay the G0/G1 to S phase entry by regulating the mitochondrial metabolic pathways to produce lower levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms or pathways by which Bcl-2 regulates the cell cycle remain unknown. Here, we compared the effects of Bcl-2 overexpression with an empty vector control in the NIH3T3 cell line synchronized by serum starvation, and evaluated the effects using proteomic analysis. The effect of Bcl-2 on cell cycle regulation was detected by monitoring Bcl-2 and p27 expression. The result of subsequent proteomic analysis of Bcl-2 overexpressing cells identified 169 upregulated and 120 downregulated proteins with a 1.5-fold change. These differentially expressed proteins were enriched in a number of signaling pathways predominantly involving the ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation, according to the data of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. These results indicated that Bcl-2 potentially acts at the translation level to influence proteins or enzymes of the respiratory chain or in the ribosome, and thereby regulates the cell cycle. Additionally, differentially expressed proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation were determined to account for most of the effects of Bcl-2 on the cell cycle mediated by the mitochondrial pathway investigated in our previous study. These results can provide assistance for additional in-depth studies on the regulation of the cell cycle by Bcl-2. The results of the proteomic analysis determined the mechanism of Bcl-2-dependent delay of the cell cycle progression. In summary, the results of this study provide a novel mechanistic basis for identifying the key proteins or pathways for designing and developing precisely targeted cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing DU
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hang Han
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. .,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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10
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Lee Walmsley D, Murray JB, Dokurno P, Massey AJ, Benwell K, Fiumana A, Foloppe N, Ray S, Smith J, Surgenor AE, Edmonds T, Demarles D, Burbridge M, Cruzalegui F, Kotschy A, Hubbard RE. Fragment-Derived Selective Inhibitors of Dual-Specificity Kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8971-8991. [PMID: 34143631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase DYRK1A has been implicated in regulation of a variety of cellular processes associated with cancer progression, including cell cycle control, DNA damage repair, protection from apoptosis, cell differentiation, and metastasis. In addition, elevated-level DYRK1A activity has been associated with increased severity of symptoms in Down's syndrome. A selective inhibitor of DYRK1A could therefore be of therapeutic benefit. We have used fragment and structure-based discovery methods to identify a highly selective, well-tolerated, brain-penetrant DYRK1A inhibitor which showed in vivo activity in a tumor model. The inhibitor provides a useful tool compound for further exploration of the effect of DYRK1A inhibition in models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James B Murray
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K
| | - Pawel Dokurno
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K
| | | | - Karen Benwell
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K
| | - Andrea Fiumana
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K
| | | | - Stuart Ray
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K
| | - Julia Smith
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K
| | | | - Thomas Edmonds
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | - Didier Demarles
- Technologie Servier, 27 Rue Eugène Vignat, Orleans 45000, France
| | - Mike Burbridge
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | - Francisco Cruzalegui
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., Budapest H-1031, Hungary
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11
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Ha TC, Stahlhut M, Rothe M, Paul G, Dziadek V, Morgan M, Brugman M, Fehse B, Kustikova O, Schambach A, Baum C. Multiple Genes Surrounding Bcl-xL, a Common Retroviral Insertion Site, Can Influence Hematopoiesis Individually or in Concert. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 32:458-472. [PMID: 33012194 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis (RIM) is both a relevant risk in gene therapy and a powerful tool for identifying genes that enhance the competitiveness of repopulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, focusing only on the gene closest to the retroviral vector insertion site (RVIS) may underestimate the effects of RIM, as dysregulation of distal and/or multiple genes by a single insertion event was reported in several studies. As a proof of concept, we examined the common insertion site (CIS) Bcl-xL, which revealed seven genes located within ±150 kb from the RVIS for our study. We confirmed that Bcl-xL enhanced the competitiveness of HSPCs, whereas the Bcl-xL neighbor Id1 hindered HSPC long-term repopulation. This negative influence of Id1 could be counteracted by co-expressing Bcl-xL. Interestingly, >90% of early reconstituted myeloid cells were found to originate from transduced HSPCs upon simultaneous overexpression of Bcl-xL and Id1, which implies that Bcl-xL and Id1 can collaborate to rapidly replenish the myeloid compartment under stress conditions. To directly compare the competitiveness of HSPCs conveyed by multiple transgenes, we developed a multiple competitor competitive repopulation (MCCR) assay to simultaneously screen effects on HSPC repopulating capacity in a single mouse. The MCCR assay revealed that multiple genes within a CIS can have positive or negative impact on hematopoiesis. Furthermore, these data highlight the importance of studying multiple genes located within the proximity of an insertion site to understand complex biological effects, especially as the number of gene therapy patients increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Biomedical Research School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Stahlhut
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabi Paul
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Violetta Dziadek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martijn Brugman
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center (UKE) Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olga Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Baum
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Serum deprivation initiates adaptation and survival to oxidative stress in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12505. [PMID: 32719369 PMCID: PMC7385110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate nutrient intake leads to oxidative stress disrupting homeostasis, activating signaling, and altering metabolism. Oxidative stress serves as a hallmark in developing prostate lesions, and an aggressive cancer phenotype activating mechanisms allowing cancer cells to adapt and survive. It is unclear how adaptation and survival are facilitated; however, literature across several organisms demonstrates that a reversible cellular growth arrest and the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), contribute to cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance under oxidative stress. We examined adaptability and survival to oxidative stress following nutrient deprivation in three prostate cancer models displaying varying degrees of tumorigenicity. We observed that reducing serum (starved) induced reactive oxygen species which provided an early oxidative stress environment and allowed cells to confer adaptability to increased oxidative stress (H2O2). Measurement of cell viability demonstrated a low death profile in stressed cells (starved + H2O2), while cell proliferation was stagnant. Quantitative measurement of apoptosis showed no significant cell death in stressed cells suggesting an adaptive mechanism to tolerate oxidative stress. Stressed cells also presented a quiescent phenotype, correlating with NF-κB nuclear translocation, suggesting a mechanism of tolerance. Our data suggests that nutrient deprivation primes prostate cancer cells for adaptability to oxidative stress and/or a general survival mechanism to anti-tumorigenic agents.
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13
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Chong SJF, Marchi S, Petroni G, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Pervaiz S. Noncanonical Cell Fate Regulation by Bcl-2 Proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:537-555. [PMID: 32307222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 proteins are widely known as key controllers of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, arguably the most important step of intrinsic apoptosis. Accumulating evidence indicate that most, if not all, members of the Bcl-2 protein family also mediate a number of apoptosis-unrelated functions. Intriguingly, many of these functions ultimately impinge on cell fate decisions via apoptosis-dependent or -independent mechanisms, delineating a complex network through which Bcl-2 family members regulate cell survival and death. Here, we critically discuss the mechanisms through which Bcl-2 proteins influence cell fate as they regulate autophagy, cellular senescence, inflammation, bioenergetic metabolism, Ca2+ fluxes, and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-, HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
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14
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Younas K, Quintela M, Thomas S, Garcia-Parra J, Blake L, Whiteland H, Bunkheila A, Francis LW, Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Delayed endometrial decidualisation in polycystic ovary syndrome; the role of AR-MAGEA11. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1315-1327. [PMID: 31256208 PMCID: PMC6713698 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynaecological disorder, with a prevalence of up to 12% of women of reproductive age, and is in part characterised by elevated circulating androgens and aberrant expression of androgen receptor (AR) in the endometrium. A high percentage of PCOS patients suffer from infertility, a condition that appears to be linked to mistimed and incomplete decidualisation critically affecting events surrounding embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of MAGEA11, and the genome-wide role of AR in PCOS. We determined that elevated androgen levels on PCOS cells had an impact on the delayed and incomplete decidual transformation of endometrial cells. The AR co-regulator MAGEA11, a known enhancer of AR function, was constitutively overexpressed throughout the menstrual cycle of PCOS patients, co-localised in the nucleus of PCOS stromal tissue and cells and formed a molecular complex with AR. Genome-wide AR analysis in PCOS stromal cells revealed that AR targets included genes involved in cell death and apoptosis, as well as genes commonly dysregulated in endometrial cancer. Enhanced MAGEA11 and AR-mediated transcriptional regulation may impact on a correct endometrial decidualisation response, subsequently affecting endometrial receptivity in these infertile women. Key messages MAGEA11 and AR are overexpressed in hyperandrogenic PCOS patients. MAGEA11-AR overexpression in PCOS correlates with delayed decidualisation. AR and MAGEA11 associate in a molecular complex. AR directly regulates a unique set of genes controlling gene differentiation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01809-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Younas
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Marcos Quintela
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Samantha Thomas
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jetzabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lauren Blake
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Helen Whiteland
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Adnan Bunkheila
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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15
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van Velthoven CTJ, de Morree A, Egner IM, Brett JO, Rando TA. Transcriptional Profiling of Quiescent Muscle Stem Cells In Vivo. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1994-2004. [PMID: 29141228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) persist in a quiescent state and activate in response to specific stimuli. The quiescent state is both actively maintained and dynamically regulated. However, analyses of quiescence have come primarily from cells removed from their niche. Although these cells are still quiescent, biochemical changes certainly occur during the isolation process. Here, we analyze the transcriptome of MuSCs in vivo utilizing MuSC-specific labeling of RNA. Notably, labeling transcripts during the isolation procedure revealed very active transcription of specific subsets of genes. However, using the transcription inhibitor α-amanitin, we show that the ex vivo transcriptome remains largely reflective of the in vivo transcriptome. Together, these data provide perspective on the molecular regulation of the quiescent state at the transcriptional level, demonstrate the utility of these tools for probing transcriptional dynamics in vivo, and provide an invaluable resource for understanding stem cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy T J van Velthoven
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ingrid M Egner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Jamie O Brett
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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16
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Yao K, Fu XF, Du X, Li Y, Yang SS, Yu M, Cui QH. PGC-1α coordinates with Bcl-2 to control the cell cycle in U251 cells through reducing ROS. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018. [DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Chen R, Overholtzer M. When BAX doesn't kill. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:412-413. [PMID: 29611436 PMCID: PMC5927683 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1386516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Chen
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornel Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Feng C, Wu J, Yang F, Qiu M, Hu S, Guo S, Wu J, Ying X, Wang J. Expression of Bcl-2 is a favorable prognostic biomarker in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6925-6930. [PMID: 29725421 PMCID: PMC5920356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the second major type of lung cancer globally. The majority of patients with LUSC are clinically diagnosed at the advanced stages, thus it is urgent to identify suitable prognostic markers for LUSC. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) has been widely studied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic role of Bcl-2 in NSCLC remains conflicting and controversial, particularly for LUSC. Although certain studies have been performed to identify the prognostic value of Bcl-2, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the prognostic role of Bcl-2 in LUSC specifically. The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of Bcl-2 in LUSC. Microarray data for LUSC were downloaded from public databases, including the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Microarray data of 901 patients with LUSC from 16 data sets were retrieved. The meta-z algorithm was applied and the combined z score was identified as -2.43, suggesting Bcl-2 is a favorable prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of Bcl-2 expression was performed in a tissue microarray of 72 patients with LUSC and survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high expression Bcl-2 exhibited significantly more improved overall survival rates compared with those with low Bcl-2 expression. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that high expression of Bcl-2 is an independent favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.295; confidence interval, 0.097-0.904; P<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that Bcl-2 is a favorable prognostic biomarker in LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Computational Omics Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Mangtang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Shuofeng Hu
- Computational Omics Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Ying
- Computational Omics Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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19
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Kulsoom B, Shamsi TS, Afsar NA, Memon Z, Ahmed N, Hasnain SN. Bax, Bcl-2, and Bax/Bcl-2 as prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia: are we ready for Bcl-2-directed therapy? Cancer Manag Res 2018. [PMID: 29535553 PMCID: PMC5841349 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s154608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many anticancer drugs induce apoptosis in malignant cells, and resistance to apoptosis could lead to suboptimal or no therapeutic benefit. Two cytoplasmic proteins, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax) and Bcl-2, act as a promoter and an inhibitor of apoptosis, respectively. Both Bax and Bcl-2 as well as their ratio have been regarded as prognostic markers in various cancers. However, conflicting results have been reported. A clear understanding of apoptosis has also become crucial due to reports about anti-Bcl-2 chemotherapy. We explored the relationship of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression and their ratio with the therapeutic response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Patients and methods Bone marrow and/or blood samples from 90 AML patients treated with cytarabine and daunorubicin were included. Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction by using ΔΔCt method of relative expression. Results Bax and Bcl-2 expression among marrow and blood samples correlated with each other (rs=0.5, p<0.01). Although bone marrow expression of Bax and Bcl-2 tended to remain higher among responders (median 1.01 and 0.29, respectively) as compared to non-responders (median 0.66 and 0.24, respectively), the difference failed to reach statistical significance (U=784.5 and 733; p=0.68 and 0.28, respectively). Conversely, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was higher among poor responders (median 3.07 vs 1.78), though again failed to reach statistical significance (U=698.5, p=0.07). Conclusion Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 does not differ significantly among AML patients treated with cytarabine and daunorubicin in terms of remission, relapse, resistance, overall survival, and disease-free survival, thus questioning the utility of emerging anti-Bcl-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Kulsoom
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Sultan Shamsi
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ali Afsar
- Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Brayer S, Joannes A, Jaillet M, Gregianin E, Mahmoudi S, Marchal Sommé J, Fabre A, Mordant P, Cazes A, Crestani B, Mailleux AA. The pro-apoptotic BAX protein influences cell growth and differentiation from the nucleus in healthy interphasic cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2108-2118. [PMID: 28933587 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1371882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become more and more evident that the BCL-2 family proteins mediate a wide range of non-apoptotic functions. The pro-apoptotic BAX protein has been reported in interphasic nuclei. Whether the nuclear form of BAX could be involved in non-apoptotic function is still unknown. Our study showed for the first time that BAX was associated with chromatin in vitro. Next, we used gain and loss of function approaches to decipher the potential role of nuclear BAX in non-apoptotic cells. In vitro, nuclear BAX promoted cell proliferation in lung epithelial cells and primary human lung fibroblasts by modulating CDKN1A expression. Interestingly, BAX occupancy of CDKN1A promoter was specifically enriched close to the transcription-starting site. Nuclear BAX also modulated the basal myofibroblastic differentiation and migration of primary human lung fibroblasts. Finally, BAX nuclear localization was associated in vivo with the remodelling of lung parenchyma during development, tumorigenesis as well as fibrosis compared to control adult human lungs. Hence, our study established for the first time, a strong link between the nuclear localization of the pro-apoptotic BAX protein and key basic cellular functions in the non-apoptotic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Brayer
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Audrey Joannes
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b INSERM U1085, IRSET Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail , Université de Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Elisa Gregianin
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Souhir Mahmoudi
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Joëlle Marchal Sommé
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- c Dept. of Histopathology , St Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pierre Mordant
- d INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire , Paris , France
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- e INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Département d'anatomopathologie , Paris , France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- f INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A , Paris , France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- a INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
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21
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Abstract
Three neurodegenerative diseases [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)] have many characteristics like pathological mechanisms and genes. In this sense some researchers postulate that these diseases share the same alterations and that one alteration in a specific protein triggers one of these diseases. Analyses of gene expression may shed more light on how to discover pathways, pathologic mechanisms associated with the disease, biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we analyze four microarrays related to three neurodegenerative diseases. We will systematically examine seven genes (CHN1, MDH1, PCP4, RTN1, SLC14A1, SNAP25 and VSNL1) that are altered in the three neurodegenerative diseases. A network was built and used to identify pathways, miRNA and drugs associated with ALS, AD and PD using Cytoscape software an interaction network based on the protein interactions of these genes. The most important affected pathway is PI3K-Akt signalling. Thirteen microRNAs (miRNA-19B1, miRNA-107, miRNA-124-1, miRNA-124-2, miRNA-9-2, miRNA-29A, miRNA-9-3, miRNA-328, miRNA-19B2, miRNA-29B2, miRNA-124-3, miRNA-15A and miRNA-9-1) and four drugs (Estradiol, Acetaminophen, Resveratrol and Progesterone) for new possible treatments were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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22
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Chan ML, Yu CC, Hsu JL, Leu WJ, Chan SH, Hsu LC, Liu SP, Ivantcova PM, Dogan Ö, Bräse S, Kudryavtsev KV, Guh JH. Enantiomerically pure β-dipeptide derivative induces anticancer activity against human hormone-refractory prostate cancer through both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96668-96683. [PMID: 29228561 PMCID: PMC5722513 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of peptides that target cancer cells and induce anticancer activities through various mechanisms is developing as a potential anticancer strategy. KUD983, an enantiomerically pure β-dipeptide derivative, displays potent activity against hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) PC-3 and DU145 cells with submicromolar IC50. KUD983 induced G1 arrest of the cell cycle and subsequent apoptosis associated with down-regulation of several related proteins including cyclin D1, cyclin E and Cdk4, and the de-phosphorylation of RB. The levels of nuclear and total c-Myc protein, which could increase the expression of both cyclin D1 and cyclin E, were profoundly inhibited by KUD983. Furthermore, it inhibited PI3K/Akt and mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathways, the key signaling in multiple cellular functions. The transient transfection of constitutively active myristylated Akt (myr-Akt) cDNA significantly rescued KUD983-induced caspase activation but did not blunt the inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling cascade suggesting the presence of both Akt-dependent and -independent pathways. Moreover, KUD983-induced effect was enhanced with the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members (e.g., Bcl-2, and Mcl-1) and IAP family members (e.g., survivin). Notably, KUD983 induced autophagic cell death using confocal microscopic examination, tracking the level of conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and flow cytometric detection of acidic vesicular organelles-positive cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that KUD983 is an anticancer β-dipeptide against HRPCs through the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death. The suppression of signaling pathways regulated by c-Myc, PI3K/Akt and mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 and the collaboration with down-regulation of Mcl-1 and survivin may explain KUD983-induced anti-HRPC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wohn-Jenn Leu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - She-Hung Chan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Polina M Ivantcova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Özdemir Dogan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Konstantin V Kudryavtsev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Opydo-Chanek M, Gonzalo O, Marzo I. Multifaceted anticancer activity of BH3 mimetics: Current evidence and future prospects. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:12-23. [PMID: 28288819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BH3 mimetics are a novel class of anticancer agents designed to specifically target pro-survival proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Like endogenous BH3-only proteins, BH3 mimetics competitively bind to surface hydrophobic grooves of pro-survival Bcl-2 family members, counteracting their protective effects and thus facilitating apoptosis in cancer cells. Among the small-molecule BH3 mimetics identified, ABT-737 and its analogs, obatoclax as well as gossypol derivatives are the best characterized. The anticancer potential of these compounds applied as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs is currently being evaluated in preclinical studies and in clinical trials. In spite of promising results, the actual mechanisms of their anticancer action remain to be identified. Findings from preclinical studies point to additional activities of BH3 mimetics in cancer cells that are not connected with apoptosis induction. These off-target effects involve induction of autophagy and necrotic cell death as well as modulation of the cell cycle and multiple cell signaling pathways. For the optimization and clinical implementation of BH3 mimetics, a detailed understanding of their role as inhibitors of the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins, but also of their possible additional effects is required. This review summarizes the most representative BH3 mimetic compounds with emphasis on their off-target effects. Based on the present knowledge on the multifaceted effects of BH3 mimetics on cancer cells, the commentary outlines the potential pitfalls and highlights the considerable promise for cancer treatment with BH3 mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Opydo-Chanek
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland.
| | - Oscar Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, IIS, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, IIS, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Du X, Fu X, Yao K, Lan Z, Xu H, Cui Q, Yang E. Bcl-2 delays cell cycle through mitochondrial ATP and ROS. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:707-713. [PMID: 28278051 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1295182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 inhibits cell proliferation by delaying G0/G1 to S phase entry. We tested the hypothesis that Bcl-2 regulates S phase entry through mitochondrial pathways. Existing evidence indicates mitochondrial adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signals in cell survival and cell death, however, the molecular details of how these 2 processes are linked remain unknown. In this study, 2 cell lines stably expressing Bcl-2, 3T3Bcl-2 and C3HBcl-2, and vector-alone PB controls were arrested in G0/G1 phase by serum starvation and contact inhibition, and ATP and ROS were measured during re-stimulation of cell cycle entry. Both ATP and ROS levels were decreased in G0/G1 arrested cells compared with normal growing cells. In addition, ROS levels were significant lower in synchronized Bcl-2 cells than those in PB controls. After re-stimulation, ATP levels increased with time, reaching peak value 1-3 hours ahead of S phase entry for both Bcl-2 cells and PB controls. Consistent with 2 hours of S phase delay, Bcl-2 cells reached ATP peaks 2 hours later than PB control, which suggests a rise in ATP levels is required for S phase entry. To examine the role of ATP and ROS in cell cycle regulation, ATP and ROS level were changed. We observed that elevation of ATP accelerated cell cycle progression in both PB and Bcl-2 cells, and decrease of ATP and ROS to the level equivalent to Bcl-2 cells delayed S phase entry in PB cells. Our results support the hypothesis that Bcl-2 protein regulates mitochondrial metabolism to produce less ATP and ROS, which contributes to S phase entry delay in Bcl-2 cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanistic basis for understanding the link between mitochondrial metabolism and tumor-suppressive function of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Kun Yao
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Lan
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China.,b Key Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology in Yunnan Province , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Elizabeth Yang
- c Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders of Northern Virginia , Falls Church , VA , USA
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25
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Viant C, Guia S, Hennessy RJ, Rautela J, Pham K, Bernat C, Goh W, Jiao Y, Delconte R, Roger M, Simon V, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Grabow S, Belz GT, Kile BT, Strasser A, Gray D, Hodgkin PD, Beutler B, Vivier E, Ugolini S, Huntington ND. Cell cycle progression dictates the requirement for BCL2 in natural killer cell survival. J Exp Med 2017; 214:491-510. [PMID: 28057804 PMCID: PMC5294858 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells with antitumor functions. Using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutagenesis screen in mice, we identified a strain with an NK cell deficiency caused by a hypomorphic mutation in the Bcl2 (B cell lymphoma 2) gene. Analysis of these mice and the conditional deletion of Bcl2 in NK cells revealed a nonredundant intrinsic requirement for BCL2 in NK cell survival. In these mice, NK cells in cycle were protected against apoptosis, and NK cell counts were restored in inflammatory conditions, suggesting a redundant role for BCL2 in proliferating NK cells. Consistent with this, cycling NK cells expressed higher MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia 1) levels in both control and BCL2-null mice. Finally, we showed that deletion of BIM restored survival in BCL2-deficient but not MCL1-deficient NK cells. Overall, these data demonstrate an essential role for the binding of BCL2 to BIM in the survival of noncycling NK cells. They also favor a model in which MCL1 is the dominant survival protein in proliferating NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Viant
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Guia
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Robert J Hennessy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kim Pham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Claire Bernat
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yuhao Jiao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rebecca Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Roger
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Vanina Simon
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Phillip D Hodgkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France.,Service Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Yang R, Tavares MT, Teixeira SF, Azevedo RA, C Pietro D, Fernandes TB, Ferreira AK, Trossini GHG, Barbuto JAM, Parise-Filho R. Toward chelerythrine optimization: Analogues designed by molecular simplification exhibit selective growth inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4600-4610. [PMID: 27561984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel chelerythrine analogues was designed and synthesized. Antitumor activity was evaluated against A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H292, and NCI-H460 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro. The selectivity of the most active analogues and chelerythrine was also evaluated, and we compared their cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells and non-tumorigenic cell lines, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and LL24 human lung fibroblasts. In silico studies were performed to establish structure-activity relationships between chelerythrine and the analogues. The results showed that analogue compound 3f induced significant dose-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Theoretical studies indicated that the molecular arrangement and electron characteristics of compound 3f were closely related to the profile of chelerythrine, supporting its activity. The present study presents a new and simplified chelerythrinoid scaffold with enhanced selectivity against NSCLC tumor cells for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosania Yang
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LAPESSB), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 5508-000, Brazil
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LAPESSB), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 5508-000, Brazil
| | - Sarah F Teixeira
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Diego C Pietro
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LAPESSB), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 5508-000, Brazil
| | - Thais B Fernandes
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LAPESSB), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 5508-000, Brazil
| | - Adilson K Ferreira
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H G Trossini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Integrated Techniques (LITEC), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 5508-000, Brazil
| | - José A M Barbuto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil; Cell and Molecular Therapy Center NUCEL/NETCEM, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LAPESSB), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 5508-000, Brazil.
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27
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Baranski Z, de Jong Y, Ilkova T, Peterse EF, Cleton-Jansen AM, van de Water B, Hogendoorn PC, Bovée JV, Danen EH. Pharmacological inhibition of Bcl-xL sensitizes osteosarcoma to doxorubicin. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36113-25. [PMID: 26416351 PMCID: PMC4742165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade conventional osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor. Prognosis for osteosarcoma patients is poor and resistance to chemotherapy is common. We performed an siRNA screen targeting members of the Bcl-2 family in human osteosarcoma cell lines to identify critical regulators of osteosarcoma cell survival. Silencing the anti-apoptotic family member Bcl-xL but also the pro-apoptotic member Bak using a SMARTpool of siRNAs as well as 4/4 individual siRNAs caused loss of viability. Loss of Bak impaired cell cycle progression and triggered autophagy. Instead, silencing Bcl-xL induced apoptotic cell death. Bcl-xL was expressed in clinical osteosarcoma samples but mRNA or protein levels did not significantly correlate with therapy response or survival. Nevertheless, pharmacological inhibition of a range of Bcl-2 family members showed that inhibitors targeting Bcl-xL synergistically enhanced the response to the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. Indeed, in osteosarcoma cells strongly expressing Bcl-xL, the Bcl-xL-selective BH3 mimetic, WEHI-539 potently enhanced apoptosis in the presence of low doses of doxorubicin. Our results identify Bcl-xL as a candidate drug target for sensitization to chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Baranski
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Trayana Ilkova
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F.P. Peterse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Judith V.M.G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H.J. Danen
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Mirk kinase inhibition blocks the in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer cells. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:337-47. [PMID: 25352950 PMCID: PMC4209603 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mirk/dyrk1B gene is upregulated and sometimes amplified in pancreatic ductal carcinomas. In poor microenvironmental conditions Mirk mediates cell survival by maintaining cancer cells in a largely quiescent, noncycling state and by decreasing toxic ROS levels through maintaining expression of a series of antioxidant genes. Premature entry into cycle, increased ROS levels, DNA damage, and apoptosis follow Mirk kinase depletion or inhibition. Mirk kinase inhibitor EHT5372 treated Panc1 spheroids lost quiescence markers coincident with an increase in cyclin A showing entry into cycle, and exhibited DNA damage, apoptosis and smaller size. EHT5372 treatment in vivo led to an increased fraction of Ki67 positive, cycling cells in Panc1 xenografts whose size was reduced. Pdx-1-cre LSL/KrasG12D/Ink4a/Arf null B6 mice always develop pancreatic cancer, allowing only 30% survival by 8 weeks, while each of the Mirk kinase inhibitor treated mice survived 8 weeks. Mirk inhibition led to a roughly four-fold increase in tumor αSMA-positive fibroblasts and large stromal collagen-rich infiltrates in the pancreas that can restrain tumor growth. The mTOR inhibitor RAD001 alone, or together with EHT5372, reduced pancreatic cancer size 30-fold, while the drug combination reduced the number of microscopic tumor foci 2-fold compared to RAD001 alone.
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29
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Perri M, Yap JL, Yu J, Cione E, Fletcher S, Kane MA. BCL-xL/MCL-1 inhibition and RARγ antagonism work cooperatively in human HL60 leukemia cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:183-91. [PMID: 25088254 PMCID: PMC4727751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by chromosomal translocations that result in fusion proteins, including the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor, alpha fusion protein (PML-RARα). All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) treatment is the standard drug treatment for APL yielding cure rates > 80% by activating transcription and proteasomal degradation of retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARα). Whereas combination therapy with As2O3 has increased survival further, patients that experience relapse and are refractory to atRA and/or As2O3 is a clinically significant problem. BCL-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis and over-expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins has been associated with chemotherapeutic resistance in APL including impairment of the ability of atRA to induce growth arrest and differentiation. Here we investigated the novel BH3 domain mimetic, JY-1-106, which antagonizes the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) alone and in combination with retinoids including atRA, AM580 (RARα agonist), and SR11253 (RARγ antagonist). JY-1-106 reduced cell viability in HL-60 cells alone and in combination with retinoids. The combination of JY-1-106 and SR11253 had the greatest impact on cell viability by stimulating apoptosis. These studies indicate that dual BCL-xL/MCL-1 inhibitors and retinoids could work cooperatively in leukemia treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides/administration & dosage
- Benzoates/administration & dosage
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/administration & dosage
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- bcl-X Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- para-Aminobenzoates/administration & dosage
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Perri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jeremy L Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Ed. Polifunzionale, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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30
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Wu H, Xue D, Chen G, Han Z, Huang L, Zhu C, Wang X, Jin H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Chen Q. The BCL2L1 and PGAM5 axis defines hypoxia-induced receptor-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2014; 10:1712-25. [PMID: 25126723 DOI: 10.4161/auto.29568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated mitophagy is one of the major mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control essential for cell survival. We previously have identified FUNDC1 as a mitophagy receptor for selectively removing damaged mitochondria in mammalian systems. A critical unanswered question is how receptor-mediated mitophagy is regulated in response to cellular and environmental cues. Here, we report the striking finding that BCL2L1/Bcl-xL, but not BCL2, suppresses mitophagy mediated by FUNDC1 through its BH3 domain. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BCL2L1, but not BCL2, interacts with and inhibits PGAM5, a mitochondrially localized phosphatase, to prevent the dephosphorylation of FUNDC1 at serine 13 (Ser13), which activates hypoxia-induced mitophagy. Our results showed that the BCL2L1-PGAM5-FUNDC1 axis is critical for receptor-mediated mitophagy in response to hypoxia and that BCL2L1 possesses unique functions distinct from BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; School of Life Science; Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Guo Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Chongzhuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin, China
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31
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Braun F, de Carné Trécesson S, Bertin-Ciftci J, Juin P. Protect and serve: Bcl-2 proteins as guardians and rulers of cancer cell survival. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2937-47. [PMID: 23974114 PMCID: PMC3875667 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members promote cancer cell survival by binding to their pro-apoptotic counterparts, thereby preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytotoxic caspase activation. Yet, these proteins do not only function as guardians of mitochondrial permeability, preserving it, and maintaining cell survival in the face of acute or chronic stress, they also regulate non-apoptotic functions of caspases and biological processes beyond MOMP from diverse subcellular localizations and in complex with numerous binding partners outside of the Bcl-2 family. In particular, some of the non-canonical effects and functions of Bcl-2 homologs lead to an interplay with E2F-1, NFκB, and Myc transcriptional pathways, which themselves influence cancer cell growth and survival. We thus propose that, by feedback loops that we currently have only hints of, Bcl-2 proteins may act as rulers of survival signaling, predetermining the apoptotic threshold that they also directly scaffold. This underscores the robustness of the control exerted by Bcl-2 homologs over cancer cell survival, and implies that small molecules compounds currently used in the clinic to inhibit their mitochondrial activity may be not always be fully efficient to override this control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Braun
- UMR 892 INSERM/6299 CNRS/Université de Nantes; Team 8 "Cell survival and tumor escape in breast cancer"; Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
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32
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Lam LT, Zhang H, Chyla B. Biomarkers of therapeutic response to BCL2 antagonists in cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 16:347-56. [PMID: 23023732 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-012-0003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells persist by resisting programmed cell death or apoptosis. In particular, an imbalance of proteins that regulate apoptosis leads to lack of response to apoptotic stimuli. Thus, restoring the ability of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis is highly desirable. One apoptosis pathway, the intrinsic pathway, involves perturbation of the mitochondria. The major players of this pathway are the members of the B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family. Currently, three BCL2 antagonists are in clinical trials for cancer treatment. While these antagonists show various specificity and potency, the development of companion diagnostics is crucial for developing these compounds into viable cancer treatments. In this review we describe predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for these agents. Future directions on biomarker development for this class of antagonist are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd T Lam
- Department R4CD, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Building AP-10, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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33
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Friedman E. Mirk/dyrk1B Kinase in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5560-75. [PMID: 23528858 PMCID: PMC3634458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirk/dyrk1B kinase is expressed in about 75% of resected human ovarian cancers and in most ovarian cancer cell lines with amplification in the OVCAR3 line. Mirk (minibrain-related kinase) is a member of the Minibrain/dyrk family of related serine/threonine kinases. Mirk maintains cells in a quiescent state by stabilizing the CDK inhibitor p27 and by inducing the breakdown of cyclin D isoforms. Mirk also stabilizes the DREAM complex, which maintains G0 quiescence by sequestering transcription factors needed to enter cycle. By entering a quiescent state, tumor cells can resist the nutrient deficiencies, hypoxic and acidic conditions within the tumor mass. Mirk maintains the viability of quiescent ovarian cancer cells by reducing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. CDKN2A-negative ovarian cancer cells treated with a Mirk kinase inhibitor escaped G0/G1 quiescence, entered cycle with high ROS levels and underwent apoptosis. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine reduced the extent of cancer cell loss. In contrast, the Mirk kinase inhibitor slightly reduced the fraction of G0 quiescent diploid epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and the majority of the cells pushed into cycle accumulated in G2 + M. Apoptotic sub-G0/G1 cells were not detected. Thus, normal cells were spared because of their expression of CDK inhibitors that blocked unregulated cycling and Mirk kinase inhibitor-treated normal diploid cells were about as viable as untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Friedman
- Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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34
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Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Bonneau B, Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Non-apoptotic roles of Bcl-2 family: the calcium connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1755-65. [PMID: 23360981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) gene was reported nearly 30 years ago. Yet, Bcl-2 family group of proteins still surprises us with their structural and functional diversity. Since the discovery of the Bcl-2 family of proteins as one of the main apoptosis judges, the precise mechanism of their action remains a hot topic of intensive scientific research and debates. Although extensive work has been performed on the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, more and more studies point out an implication of the endoplasmic reticulum in this process. Interestingly, Bcl-2 family proteins could be localized to both the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum highlighting their crucial role in apoptosis control. In particular, in these organelles Bcl-2 proteins seem to be involved in calcium homeostasis regulation although the mechanisms underlying this function are still misunderstood. We now assume with high degree of certainty that the majority of Bcl-2 family members take part not only in apoptosis regulation but also in other processes important for the cell physiology briefly denominated as "non-apoptotic" functions. Drawing a complete and comprehensive image of Bcl-2 family requires the understanding of their implications in all cellular processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the control of calcium homeostasis by the Bcl-2 family at the endoplasmic reticulum and at the mitochondria. Then we focus on the non-apoptotic functions of the Bcl-2 proteins in relation with the regulation of this versatile intracellular messenger. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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36
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Gonzalez D, Thackeray H, Lewis PD, Mantani A, Brook N, Ahuja K, Margara R, Joels L, White JO, Conlan RS. Loss of WT1 expression in the endometrium of infertile PCOS patients: a hyperandrogenic effect? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:957-66. [PMID: 22238403 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In fertile patients the endometrial Wilms tumor suppressor gene (WT1) is expressed during the window of implantation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients suffer from hyperandrogenemia and infertility and have elevated endometrial androgen receptor (AR) expression. WT1 is known to be down-regulated by AR. Therefore, the expression of WT1 and its targets may be altered in PCOS endometrium. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the expression and regulation of WT1 and selected downstream targets in secretory endometrium from ovulatory PCOS (ovPCOS) and fertile women. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Endometrial samples were obtained from 25 ovPCOS and 25 fertile patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Endometrial expression of WT1 and selected downstream targets were assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The androgen effect on WT1 expression was determined in vitro by immunoblots and RT-PCR. The expression of WT1 and its targets was quantified in fertile and ovPCOS stromal cells in the presence of androgens by RT-PCR. Caspase-3/7 activity was measured to evaluate sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. RESULTS WT1 expression was down-regulated in secretory-phase ovPCOS endometrium. Stromal expression of Bcl-2 and p27 was higher, and epidermal growth factor receptor was lower in ovPCOS than in fertile patients. Endometrial stromal expression of WT1, Bcl-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and β-catenin was regulated by androgens. Apoptosis levels were reduced in ovPCOS samples and androgen-treated fertile samples. CONCLUSION WT1 expression is down-regulated in ovPCOS endometrium during the window of implantation. Androgens regulate the expression of WT1 and its targets during endometrial decidualization. The altered balance between WT1 and AR in the endometrium of PCOS patients may jeopardize the success of decidualization and endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gonzalez
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, College of Medicine, and Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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37
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García-García E, Pino-Barrio MJ, López-Medina L, Martínez-Serrano A. Intermediate progenitors are increased by lengthening of the cell cycle through calcium signaling and p53 expression in human neural progenitors. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1167-80. [PMID: 22323293 PMCID: PMC3315818 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, neurons can be generated directly from a multipotent progenitor or indirectly through an intermediate progenitor (IP). This last mode of division amplifies the progeny of neurons. The mechanisms governing the generation and behavior of IPs are not well understood. In this work, we demonstrate that the lengthening of the cell cycle enhances the generation of neurons in a human neural progenitor cell system in vitro and also the generation and expansion of IPs. These IPs are insulinoma-associated 1 (Insm1)(+)/BTG family member 2 (Btg2)(-), which suggests an increase in a self-amplifying IP population. Later the cultures express neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) and become neurogenic. The signaling responsible for this cell cycle modulation is investigated. It is found that the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol in response to B cell lymphoma-extra large overexpression or ATP addition lengths the cell cycle and increases the number of IPs and, in turn, the final neuron outcome. Moreover, data suggest that the p53-p21 pathway is responsible for the changes in cell cycle. In agreement with this, increased p53 levels are necessary for a calcium-induced increase in neurons. Our findings contribute to understand how calcium signaling can modulate cell cycle length during neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa García-García
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Wang J, Beauchemin M, Bertrand R. Bcl-xL phosphorylation at Ser49 by polo kinase 3 during cell cycle progression and checkpoints. Cell Signal 2011; 23:2030-8. [PMID: 21840391 PMCID: PMC3708862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional analysis of a Bcl-xL phosphorylation mutant series has revealed that cells expressing Bcl-xL(Ser49Ala) mutant are less stable at G2 checkpoint after DNA damage and enter cytokinesis more slowly after microtubule poisoning, than cells expressing wild-type Bcl-xL. These effects of Bcl-xL(Ser49Ala) mutant seem to be separable from Bcl-xL function in apoptosis. Bcl-xL(Ser49) phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent. In synchronized cells, phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser49) appears during the S phase and G2, whereas it disappears rapidly in early mitosis during prometaphase, metaphase and early anaphase, and re-appears during telophase and cytokinesis. During DNA damage-induced G2 arrest, an important pool of phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser49) accumulates in centrosomes which act as essential decision centers for progression from G2 to mitosis. During telophase/cytokinesis, phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser49) is found with dynein motor protein. In a series of in vitro kinase assays, specific small interfering RNA and pharmacological inhibition experiments, polo kinase 3 (PLK3) was implicated in Bcl-xL(Ser49) phosphorylation. These data indicate that, during G2 checkpoint, phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser49) is another downstream target of PLK3, acting to stabilize G2 arrest. Bcl-xL phosphorylation at Ser49 also correlates with essential PLK3 activity and function, enabling cytokinesis and mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Myriam Beauchemin
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Bertrand
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Ewton DZ, Hu J, Vilenchik M, Deng X, Luk KC, Polonskaia A, Hoffman AF, Zipf K, Boylan JF, Friedman EA. Inactivation of mirk/dyrk1b kinase targets quiescent pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2104-14. [PMID: 21878655 PMCID: PMC3213302 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A major problem in the treatment of cancer arises from quiescent cancer cells that are relatively insensitive to most chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. Such residual cancer cells can cause tumor regrowth or recurrence when they reenter the cell cycle. Earlier studies showed that levels of the serine/theronine kinase Mirk/dyrk1B are elevated up to 10-fold in quiescent G(0) tumor cells. Mirk uses several mechanisms to block cell cycling, and Mirk increases expression of antioxidant genes that decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increase quiescent cell viability. We now show that a novel small molecule Mirk kinase inhibitor blocked tumor cells from undergoing reversible arrest in a quiescent G(0) state and enabled some cells to exit quiescence. The inhibitor increased cycling in Panc1, AsPc1, and SW620 cells that expressed Mirk, but not in HCT116 cells that did not. Mirk kinase inhibition elevated ROS levels and DNA damage detected by increased phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX and by S-phase checkpoints. The Mirk kinase inhibitor increased cleavage of the apoptotic proteins PARP and caspase 3, and increased tumor cell kill several-fold by gemcitabine and cisplatin. A phenocopy of these effects occurred following Mirk depletion, showing drug specificity. In previous studies Mirk knockout or depletion had no detectable effect on normal tissue, suggesting that the Mirk kinase inhibitor could have a selective effect on cancer cells expressing elevated levels of Mirk kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Z. Ewton
- Pathology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical Univ., Syracuse, NY
| | - Jing Hu
- Pathology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical Univ., Syracuse, NY
| | - Maria Vilenchik
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Xiaobing Deng
- Pathology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical Univ., Syracuse, NY
| | - Kin-chun Luk
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Ann Polonskaia
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Ann F. Hoffman
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Karen Zipf
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - John F. Boylan
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
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ETV6-RUNX1 promotes survival of early B lineage progenitor cells via a dysregulated erythropoietin receptor. Blood 2011; 118:4910-8. [PMID: 21900195 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-354266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6-RUNX1 gene fusion is usually an early, prenatal event in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Transformation results in the generation of a persistent (> 14 years) preleukemic clone, which postnatally converts to ALL after the acquisition of necessary secondary genetic alterations. Many cancer cells show some expression of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene, although the "functionality" of any EPOR complexes and their relevant signaling pathways in nonerythroid cells has not been validated. EPOR mRNA is selectively and ectopically expressed in ETV6-RUNX1(+) ALL, but the presence of a functional EPOR on the cell surface and its role in leukemogenesis driven by ETV6-RUNX1 remains to be identified. Here, we show that ETV6-RUNX1 directly binds the EPOR promoter and that expression of ETV6-RUNX1 alone in normal pre-B cells is sufficient to activate EPOR transcription. We further reveal that murine and human ETV6-RUNX1(+) cells expressing EPOR mRNA have EPO ligand binding activity that correlates with an increased cell survival through activation of the JAK2-STAT5 pathway and up-regulation of antiapoptotic BCL-XL. These data support the contention that ETV6-RUNX1 directly activates ectopic expression of a functional EPOR and provides cell survival signals that may contribute critically to persistence of covert premalignant clones in children.
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Hu J, Nakhla H, Friedman E. Transient arrest in a quiescent state allows ovarian cancer cells to survive suboptimal growth conditions and is mediated by both Mirk/dyrk1b and p130/RB2. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:307-18. [PMID: 20857490 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Some ovarian cancer cells in vivo are in a reversible quiescent state where they can contribute to cancer spread under favorable growth conditions. The serine/threonine kinase Mirk/dyrk1B was expressed in each of seven ovarian cancer cell lines and in 21 of 28 resected human ovarian cancers, and upregulated in 60% of the cancers. Some ovarian cancer cells were found in a G0 quiescent state, with the highest fraction in a line with an amplified Mirk gene. Suboptimal culture conditions increased the G0 fraction in SKOV3 and TOV21G, but not OVCAR4 cultures. Less than half as many OVCAR4 cells survived under suboptimal culture conditions as shown by total cell numbers, dye exclusion viability studies, and assay of cleaved apoptotic marker proteins. G0 arrest in TOV21G and SKOV3 cells led to increased levels of Mirk, the CDK inhibitor p27, p130/Rb2, and p130/Rb2 complexed with E2F4. The G0 arrest was transient, and cells exited G0 when fresh nutrients were supplied. Depletion of p130/Rb2 reduced the G0 fraction, increased cell sensitivity to serum-free culture and to cisplatin, and reduced Mirk levels. Mirk contributed to G0 arrest by destabilization of cyclin D1. In TOV21G cells, but not in normal diploid fibroblasts, Mirk depletion led to increased apoptosis and loss of viability. Because Mirk is expressed at low levels in most normal adult tissues, the elevated Mirk protein levels in ovarian cancers may present a novel therapeutic target, in particular for quiescent tumor cells which are difficult to eradicate by conventional therapies targeting dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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42
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Anandharaj A, Cinghu S, Park WY. Rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition attenuates survivin and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to radiation therapy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:292-300. [PMID: 21367753 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, an antiapoptotic protein, is elevated in most malignancies and attributes to radiation resistance in tumors including glioblastoma multiforme. The downregulation of survivin could sensitize glioblastoma cells to radiation therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in attenuating survivin and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma cells, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Here we tested various concentrations of rapamycin (1-8 nM) in combination with radiation dose 4 Gy. Rapamycin effectively modulated the protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR proteins, and this inhibition was further enhanced by radiation. The expression level of survivin was decreased in rapamycin pre-treatment glioblastoma cells followed by radiation; meanwhile, the phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X (H2AX) at serine-139 (γ-H2AX) was increased. p21 protein was also induced on radiation with rapamycin pre-treatment, which enhanced G1 arrest and the accumulation of cells at G0/subG1 phase. Furthermore, the clonogenic cell survival assay revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease in the surviving fraction for all three cell lines pre-treated with rapamycin. Our studies demonstrated that targeting survivin may be an effective approach for radiosensitization of malignant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Anandharaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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43
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Aranda S, Laguna A, de la Luna S. DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J 2011; 25:449-62. [PMID: 21048044 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-165837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs) comprise a family of protein kinases within the CMGC group of the eukaryotic kinome. Members of the DYRK family are found in 4 (animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista) of the 5 main taxa or kingdoms, and all DYRK proteins studied to date share common structural, biochemical, and functional properties with their ancestors in yeast. Recent work on DYRK proteins indicates that they participate in several signaling pathways critical for developmental processes and cell homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the DYRK family of proteins from an evolutionary, biochemical, and functional point of view and discuss the most recent, relevant, and controversial contributions to the study of these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Aranda
- Center for Genomic Regulation, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Modulation of the generation of dopaminergic neurons from human neural stem cells by Bcl-X(L): mechanisms of action. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 87:175-205. [PMID: 22127243 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386015-6.00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the developmental mechanisms governing dopaminergic neuron generation and maintenance is crucial for the development of neuronal replacement therapeutic procedures, like in Parkinson's disease (PD), but also for research aimed at drug screening and pharmacology. In the present chapter, we review the present situation using stem cells of different origins (pluripotent and multipotent) and summarize current manipulations of stem cells for the enhancement of dopaminergic neuron generation, focusing on the actions of Bcl-X(L). Bcl-X(L) not only enhances dopaminergic neuron survival but also augments the expression of key developmental and maintenance genes, and, through the lengthening of the cell cycle early during differentiation, regulates cell fate decisions, producing a net enhancement of neurogenesis. The relevance of these findings is discussed in the context of basic neurogenesis and also for the development of efficient cell therapy in PD.
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45
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May KL, Paton JC, Paton AW. Escherichia coli subtilase cytotoxin induces apoptosis regulated by host Bcl-2 family proteins Bax/Bak. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4691-6. [PMID: 20713620 PMCID: PMC2976326 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00801-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) was first isolated from a Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strain that was responsible for an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and is the prototype of a new family of AB(5) cytotoxins. SubAB is a subtilase-like serine protease, and upon uptake by host cells, it is trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it cleaves the essential ER chaperone BiP (GRP78) with high specificity. Previous work has shown that BiP cleavage by SubAB initiates ER stress-signaling pathways in host cells that eventuate in cell death associated with DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis. The present study has investigated the role of the Bcl-2 protein family, which has been shown to regulate ER stress-induced apoptosis in other model systems. Examination of the cytotoxicity of SubAB for wild-type and bax(-/-)/bak(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and comparison of apoptotic markers in these cells revealed that SubAB cytotoxicity can be predominantly attributed to the activation of apoptotic pathways activated by Bax/Bak. The results of the present study further our understanding of the molecular mechanism whereby SubAB kills eukaryotic cells and contributes to STEC pathogenesis, in addition to consolidating the roles of Bcl-2 family members in the regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L. May
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Kajihara R, Fukushige S, Shioda N, Tanabe K, Fukunaga K, Inui S. CaMKII phosphorylates serine 10 of p27 and confers apoptosis resistance to HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:350-5. [PMID: 20851109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase (PP) 6 is a serine threonine phosphatase which belongs to the PP2A subfamily of protein phosphatases. PP6 has been implicated in the control of apoptosis. A dominant negative form PP6 (DN-PP6) mutant cDNA was prepared and transfected into HeLa cells to investigate the regulation of apoptosis. HeLa cells expressing DN-PP6 showed increased resistance to apoptosis induced by TNF and cycloheximide. CaMKII phosphorylation and the expression of p27 were increased in DN-PP6 transfectants. Transient expression or activation of CaMKII increased the expression of p27. Furthermore, CaMKII phosphorylated serine 10 of p27, which induces the translocation of p27 from nucleus to cytoplasm and increases the stability of p27. Overexpression of wild type but not the S10A mutant p27 cDNA increased the expression of Bcl-xL and conferred apoptosis resistance to HeLa cells. These results indicated that PP6 and CaMKII regulated apoptosis by controlling the expression level of p27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kajihara
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Division of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Craik AC, Veldhoen RA, Czernick M, Buckland TW, Kyselytzia K, Ghosh S, Lai R, Damaraju S, Underhill DA, Mackey JR, Goping IS. The BH3-only protein Bad confers breast cancer taxane sensitivity through a nonapoptotic mechanism. Oncogene 2010; 29:5381-91. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Paoluzzi L, O’Connor OA. Targeting Survival Pathways in Lymphoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6706-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Danial NN, Gimenez-Cassina A, Tondera D. Homeostatic functions of BCL-2 proteins beyond apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 687:1-32. [PMID: 20919635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6706-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 1930 by physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon, the concept of homeostasis remains the cardinal tenet of biologic regulation. Cells have evolved a highly integrated network of control mechanisms, including positive and negative feedback loops, to safeguard homeostasis in face of a wide range of stimuli. Such control mechanisms ultimately orchestrate cell death, division and repair in a manner concordant with cellular energy and ionic balance to achieve proper biologic fitness. The interdependence of these homeostatic pathways is also evidenced by shared control points that decode intra- and extracellular cues into defined effector responses. As critical control points of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, the BCL-2 family of cell death regulators plays an important role in cellular homeostasis. The different anti- and pro-apoptotic members of this family form a highly selective network of functional interactions that ultimately governs the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane and subsequent release of apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c. The advent of loss- and gain-of-function genetic models for the various BCL-2 family proteins has not only provided important insights into apoptosis mechanisms but also uncovered unanticipated roles for these proteins in other physiologic pathways beyond apoptosis (Fig. 1). Here, we turn our attention to these alternative cellular functions for BCL-2 proteins. We begin with a brief introduction of the cast of characters originally known for their capacity to regulate apoptosis and continue to highlight recent advances that have shaped and reshaped our views on their physiologic relevance in integration of apoptosis with other homeostatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika N Danial
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Jin K, Ewton DZ, Park S, Hu J, Friedman E. Mirk regulates the exit of colon cancer cells from quiescence. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22916-25. [PMID: 19542220 PMCID: PMC2755699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.035519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirk/Dyrk1B is a serine/threonine kinase widely expressed in colon cancers. Serum starvation induced HD6 colon carcinoma cells to enter a quiescent G0 state, characterized by a 2N DNA content and a lower RNA content than G1 cells. Compared with cycling cells, quiescent cells exhibited 16-fold higher levels of the retinoblastoma protein p130/Rb2, which sequesters E2F4 to block entry into G1, 10-fold elevated levels of the CDK inhibitor p27kip1, and 10-fold higher levels of Mirk. However, depletion of Mirk did not prevent entry into G0, but enabled quiescent HD6, SW480, and colo320 colon carcinoma cells to acquire some biochemical characteristics of G1 cells, including increased levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 because of slower turnover, increased activity of their CDK4/cyclin D complexes, and increased phosphorylation and decreased E2F4 sequestering ability of the CDK4 target, p130/Rb2. As a result, depletion of Mirk allowed some cells to escape quiescence and enabled cells released from quiescence to traverse G1 more quickly. The kinase activity of Mirk was increased by the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Treatment of p53 mutant colon cancer cells with 5-FU led to an elongated G1 in a Mirk-dependent manner, as G1 was shortened by ectopic overexpression of cyclin D1 mutated at the Mirk phosphorylation site (T288A), but not by wild-type cyclin D1. Mirk, through regulating cyclin D turnover, and the CDK inhibitor p27, as shown by depletion studies, functioned independently and additively to regulate the exit of tumor cells from quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kideok Jin
- From the Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University of the State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Daina Z. Ewton
- From the Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University of the State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Sunju Park
- From the Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University of the State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Jing Hu
- From the Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University of the State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Eileen Friedman
- From the Pathology Department, Upstate Medical University of the State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210
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