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Eroglu A, Dogan A. Investigation of the phytochemical composition and remedial effects of southern grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten.) plant extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:491-502. [PMID: 35373681 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2058011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the phytochemical contents of the aerial part M. neglectum aerial part (MAP) and M. neglectum bulb (MB) ethanolic extract of Muscari neglectum and to investigate their protective effects on gastric damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. After the toxicity testing, 42 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups, Control, MAP, MB, CCl4, CCl4 + MAP, CCl4 + MB, and CCl4 + Silymarin groups. At the end of the experiment, the serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant defense enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the stomach tissue were evaluated to determine the antioxidant role of the M. neglectum extracts. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, fatty acid analysis, octadecadienoic, and 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic fatty acids were found as major fatty acids in the MAP, whereas 9,12 octadecadienoic and octadecanoic acids were the major fatty acids in the MB. According to the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, quinic acid, fumaric acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin were found in the MAP, while quinic acid, fumaric acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol were found in the MB. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were determined in the MAP and MB. The MAP and MB extracts generally caused a statistically significant decrease in the MDA content and increase in the antioxidant parameters in the stomach tissue. It was concluded that MAP and MB extracts may have antioxidant and gastric protective effects due to the phytochemical content of M. neglectum.HighlightsAccording to LC-MS/MS results, quinic acid, fumaric acid, chemferol, apigenin, and caffeic acid were determined as major compounds in M. neglectum extracts.According to GC-MS results, octadecadienoic, octadecatrienoic, and octadecanoic methyl esters were the major fatty acids of the M. neglectum extracts.The M. neglectum extracts regulated the levels of stomach damage and biochemical parameters.The M. neglectum extracts extract might have pharmaceutical-nutritional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Eroglu
- Department of Basic Sciences Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdulahad Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Ardalani H, Hadipanah A, Sahebkar A. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:662-702. [PMID: 31880244 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666191227151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the most common disorder of the stomach and duodenum, which is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. PUD occurs due to an imbalance between offensive and defensive factors and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics are frequently used for the treatment. Recently, medicinal plants have emerged as efficacious, safe and widely available alternative therapies for PUD. The aim of this review was to study the medicinal plants and phytochemicals, which have been used for PUD treatment to evaluate the potential role of natural compounds to develop herbal remedies for PUD. Information was obtained using a literature search of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys and Cochrane. Common and scientific names of the plants and keywords such as 'peptic ulcer', 'gastric ulcer', 'stomach ulcer' and 'duodenal ulcer' were used for search. Eventually, 279 plants from 89 families were identified and information on the plant families, part of the plant used, chemical constituents, extracts, ulcer model used and dosage were abstracted. The results indicated that most of the anti-PUD plants were from Asteraceae (7.1%) and Fabaceae (6.8%) families while flavonoids (49%), tannins (13%), saponins (10%) and alkaloids (9%) were the most common natural compounds in plants with anti-PUD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Amin Hadipanah
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves
the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several
plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In
the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This
field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural
origin and less side effects.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available
knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties.
Methods:
The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR,
ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were
used to retrieve available published literature.
Results:
A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with
antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties
that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present
study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either
the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties.
Conclusion:
This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the
treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators
to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As
sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended
for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical
structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial
preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations
for the better status of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minky Mukhija
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, India
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Crusco A, Whiteland H, Baptista R, Forde-Thomas JE, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ, Nash RJ, Westwell AD, Hoffmann KF. Antischistosomal Properties of Sclareol and Its Heck-Coupled Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Untargeted Metabolomics. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1188-1199. [PMID: 31083889 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sclareol, a plant-derived diterpenoid widely used as a fragrance and flavoring substance, is well-known for its promising antimicrobial and anticancer properties. However, its activity on helminth parasites has not been previously reported. Here, we show that sclareol is active against larval (IC50 ≈ 13 μM), juvenile (IC50 = 5.0 μM), and adult (IC50 = 19.3 μM) stages of Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic trematode responsible for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. Microwave-assisted synthesis of Heck-coupled derivatives improved activity, with the substituents choice guided by the Matsy decision tree. The most active derivative 12 showed improved potency and selectivity on larval (IC50 ≈ 2.2 μM, selectivity index (SI) ≈ 22 in comparison to HepG2 cells), juvenile (IC50 = 1.7 μM, SI = 28.8), and adult schistosomes (IC50 = 9.4 μM, SI = 5.2). Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that compound 12 induced blebbing of the adult worm surface at sublethal concentration (12.5 μM); moreover, the compound inhibited egg production at the lowest concentration tested (3.13 μM). The observed phenotype and data obtained by untargeted metabolomics suggested that compound 12 affects membrane lipid homeostasis by interfering with arachidonic acid metabolism. The same methodology applied to praziquantel (PZQ)-treated worms revealed sugar metabolism alterations that could be ascribed to the previously reported action of PZQ on serotonin signaling and/or effects on glycolysis. Importantly, our data suggest that compound 12 and PZQ exert different antischistosomal activities. More studies will be necessary to confirm the generated hypothesis and to progress the development of more potent antischistosomal sclareol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Crusco
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Whiteland
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Baptista
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine E. Forde-Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Nash
- PhytoQuest Limited, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Karl F. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
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Roncero AM, Tobal IE, Moro RF, Díez D, Marcos IS. Halimane diterpenoids: sources, structures, nomenclature and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:955-991. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenes with a halimane skeleton constitute a small group of natural products that can be biogenetically considered as being between labdane and clerodane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. Roncero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Tobal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Rosalina F. Moro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lawrence L, Menon S, Vincent S, Sivaram VP, Padikkala J. Radical scavenging and gastroprotective activity of methanolic extract of Gmelina arborea stem bark. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2016; 7:78-82. [PMID: 27449207 PMCID: PMC4969311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gmelina arborea (GA) is widely used in traditional medicine for treating a number of ailments including gastrointestinal tract disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gastroprotective effect of GA stem bark against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS All animals were fasted for 36 h and received GA extract 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (bw), 1 h before the administration of ethanol. The animals received ranitidine 50 mg/kg bw which served as the standard. The rats were sacrificed after 4 h. Then, the injuries to the gastric mucosa were estimated through gross evaluation of ulcer lesions and histology. The antioxidant parameters such as level of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in gastric tissue were also determined. RESULTS GA treatment at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw offered 91.98% inhibition of ulcer formation, which is higher than that of ranitidine. The ethanol treatment extensively increased lipid peroxidation and it was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in GA-treated group that eventually helped to prevent free radical accumulation. The GA enhanced the gastric mucosal antioxidant system, as indicated by a dose-dependent increase in the level/activities of GSH, GPx, and SOD. GA also attenuated the severity of histological signs of cell damage. Further, GA extract showed in-vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 124.39 μg/ml. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the gastroprotective effect of GA is probably related to its antioxidant activities that protect gastric mucosa against oxidative damage and antilipid peroxidative activity that maintain membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincy Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Seema Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Sheka Vincent
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Vipin P Sivaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Jose Padikkala
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
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Mota EF, Rosario DM, Silva Veiga AS, Barros Brasil DDS, Silveira FT, Dolabela MF. Biological activities of Croton palanostigma Klotzsch. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S96-S101. [PMID: 27041867 PMCID: PMC4792008 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.176109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Different species of Croton are used in traditional Amazonian medicine. Among the popular uses are treatment of bacterial diseases, poorly healing wounds and fevers. Objective: This study evaluated the antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and diterpenes of Croton palanostigma Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae). Materials and Methods: Leaves and bark were extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. The bark dichloromethane extract (BDE) was chromatographed on a column, obtaining cordatin and aparisthman. The extracts and diterpenes were assayed thought agar disk diffusion method and their bactericidal or fungicidal effects were evaluated by minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated after 24 and 72 h of exposition. The antileishmanial activity was performed on promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Results: The bark methanol extract (BME) and cordatin were not active against any microbial strains tested; BDE and leaves methanol extract (LME) were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and aparisthman was positive for Candida albicans. In the determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration, neither of them were active in the highest concentration tested. The extracts and diterpenes were inactive in Plasmodium falciparum, except the LME in 72 h. Any extract was shown to be active in promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Conclusion: These results indicate that the BDE and LME did not inhibit the bacterial growth, then they probably had bacteriostatic effect. LME presented activity in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ferreira Mota
- Post Graduation in Biology of Infectious and parasitary Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
| | - Diele Magno Rosario
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
| | - Andreza Socorro Silva Veiga
- Post Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
- Section of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Br. 316, S/N, Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, CEP, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Post Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
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Mota EF, Rosario DM, Silva Veiga AS, Brasil DDSB, Silveira FT, Dolabela MF. Biological activities of Croton palanostigma Klotzsch. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:601-6. [PMID: 26246738 PMCID: PMC4522849 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.160449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Different species of Croton are used in traditional Amazonian medicine. Among the popular uses are treatment of bacterial diseases, poorly healing wounds and fevers. Objective: This study evaluated the antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and diterpenes of Croton palanostigma Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae). Materials and Methods: Leaves and bark were extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. The bark dichloromethane extract (BDE) was chromatographed on a column, obtaining cordatin and aparisthman. The extracts and diterpenes were assayed thought agar disk diffusion method and their bactericidal or fungicidal effects were evaluated by minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated after 24 and 72 h of exposition. The antileishmanial activity was performed on promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Results: The bark methanol extract (BME) and cordatin were not active against any microbial strains tested; BDE and leaves methanol extract (LME) were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and aparisthman was positive for Candida albicans. In the determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration, neither of them were active in the highest concentration tested. The extracts and diterpenes were inactive in Plasmodium falciparum, except the LME in 72 h. Any extract was shown to be active in promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Conclusion: These results indicate that the BDE and LME did not inhibit the bacterial growth, then they probably had bacteriostatic effect. LME presented activity in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ferreira Mota
- Post Graduation in Biology of Infectious and parasitary Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
| | - Diele Magno Rosario
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
| | - Andreza Socorro Silva Veiga
- Post Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
- Section of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Br. 316, S/N, Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, CEP, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Post Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Guama, Brazil
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Jaiswal SK, Dubey MK, Das S, Rao CV. Gastroprotective effect of the iridoid fraction from Barleria prionitis leaves on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:738-44. [PMID: 25443366 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the gastroprotective effect and in vivo antioxidant potential of a standardized iridoid fraction from B. prionitis leaves (BPE) against different gastric ulcer models in rats. METHOD The standardized iridoid fraction from BPE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from aspirin, ethanol, cold-restraint stress (CRS), and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of the antioxidant enzyme activity was carried out in a CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters including volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in the PL-induced ulcer model. RESULTS BPE showed a dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in PL (18.67%-66.26% protection), aspirin (24.65%-63.25% protection), CRS (20.77%-59.42% protection), and EtOH (16.93%-77.04% protection)-induced ulcers. BPE treatment in PL-rats showed a decrease in acid-pepsin secretion, and enhanced mucin and mucosal glycoproteins. However, BPE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in LPO (P < 0.01-0.001), SOD (P < 0.01-0.001), and an increase in CAT (P < 0.01-0.001), activity in the CRS-induced model. CONCLUSION The data shows that the iridoid fraction from BPE possesses anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacy, Rameshwaram Institutes of Technology & Management, Lucknow 226020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh K Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ch V Rao
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Div., National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sebai H, Jabri MA, Souli A, Hosni K, Selmi S, Tounsi H, Tebourbi O, Boubaker S, El-Benna J, Sakly M. Protective effect of Artemisia campestris extract against aspirin-induced gastric lesions and oxidative stress in rat. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08564g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Patra KC, Jayaram Kumar K, Ahirwar DK. Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Amukkara choornam on experimental gastric ulcer in rats. J Nat Med 2013; 68:284-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Onasanwo SA, Emikpe BO, Ajah AA, Elufioye TO. Anti-ulcer and ulcer healing potentials of Musa sapientum peel extract in the laboratory rodents. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:173-8. [PMID: 23900937 PMCID: PMC3719258 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the anti-ulcer and ulcer healing potentials of the methanol extract of Musa sapientum peel in the laboratory rats. Materials and Methods: Methanol extract of the peels on Musa sapientum (MEMS) was evaluated for its anti-ulcer using alcohol-induced, aspirin-induced, and pyloric ligation-induced models, and for its ulcer healing employing acetic acid-induced ulcer models in rats. Results: The findings from this experiment showed that MEMS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, b.w.) anti-ulcer and ulcer healing activity (P ≤ 0.05) is dose-dependent. Also, MEMS exhibited healing of the ulcer base in all the treated groups when compared with the control group. Conclusion: The outcomes of this experiment revealed that the anti-ulcer effect of MEMS may be due to its anti-secretory and cyto-protective activity. The healing of the ulcer base might not be unconnected with basic fibroblast growth factors responsible for epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Awaad AS, El-Meligy RM, Soliman GA. Natural products in treatment of ulcerative colitis and peptic ulcer. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hisam EEA, Zakaria ZA, Mohtaruddin N, Rofiee MS, Hamid HA, Othman F. Antiulcer activity of the chloroform extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1498-1507. [PMID: 22954284 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.685945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bauhinia purpurea L. (Fabaceae) is a native plant species of many Asian countries, including Malaysia and India. In India, the root, stem, bark, and leaf of B. purpurea are used to treat various ailments, including ulcers and stomach cancer. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to establish its pharmacological potential, we studied the antiulcer activity of lipid-soluble extract of B. purpurea obtained via extraction of air-dried leaves using chloroform. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were administered the chloroform extract (dose range of 100-1000 mg/kg) orally after 24 h fasting. They were subjected to the absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, and pyloric ligation assays after 30 min. The acute toxicity study was conducted using a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg extract and the rats were observed for the period of 14 days. omeprazole (30 mg/kg) was used as the standard control. RESULTS At 5000 mg/kg, the extract produced no sign of toxicity in rats. The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent antiulcer activity for the ethanol-induced model. The extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the gastric wall mucus production and pH of gastric content, while significantly (p < 0.05) reducing the total volume and total acidity of the gastric content in the pylorus ligation assay. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The extract possesses antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective activities, which could be attributed to its flavonoid and tannin content. These findings provide new information regarding the potential of lipid-soluble compounds of B. purpurea for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Ezlinda Abdul Hisam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Souza KMR, Guilhon GMSP, Santos LS, Cascaes MM, Secco RS, Brasil DSB, Andrade EHA, Marinho PSB, Freire LR, Muller AH. Ricinine and other constituents of Aparisthmium cordatum (Euphorbiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:364-70. [PMID: 22708684 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.695368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical study of Aparisthmium cordatum (Euphorbiaceae) led to the isolation of tannins, together with the alkaloid ricinine and other common compounds. The composition of A. cordatum is similar to most of the Alchornea species, from the same subtribe, except for the occurrence of ricinine. This study rectifies the first investigations published for A. cordatum that were conducted with Croton palanostigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M R Souza
- Faculdade de Quimica-ICEN, Universidade Federal do Para, Avenida Augusto Correa n. 1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
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17
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Paula de Oliveira A, Santin JR, Lemos M, Klein Júnior LC, Couto AG, Meyre da Silva Bittencourt C, Filho VC, Faloni de Andrade S. Gastroprotective activity of methanol extract and marrubiin obtained from leaves of Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1230-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess the gastroprotective properties of the methanol extract and the diterpene marrubiin obtained from the leaves of M. vulgare.
Methods
Assays were performed using different protocols in mice. Studies focusing on mechanisms of gastroprotection were also undertaken.
Key findings
In the model of ethanol-induced ulcers, we observed a significant reduction in all the parameters analysed; the curative ratios obtained were 49.31 ± 0.57, 74.31 ± 0.91 and 79.86 ± 0.59 for the groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of extract of M. vulgare and omeprazole (30 mg/kg), respectively. For indomethacin-induced ulcers, the percentages of ulcer inhibition were 50.32 ± 5.60, 66.24 ± 4.30, 82.17 ± 04.09 and 67.52 ± 4.38, for the groups treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg M. vulgare and positive control (cimetidine), respectively. In both models, the marrubiin (25 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in all the parameters when compared with the control group (P < 0.01). There was also a significant increase in pH and mucus production in the groups treated with M. vulgare extract and marubiin. The results also demonstrated that the gastroprotection induced by the extract and marubiin is related to the activity of nitric oxide and endogenous sulfhydryls, which are important gastroprotective factors.
Conclusions
The results of this study show that the extract of M. vulgare and marrubiin displays antiulcer activity and that this effect can be partly attributed to the isolated diterpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marivane Lemos
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Klein Júnior
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Angélica Garcia Couto
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre da Silva Bittencourt
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Alimi H, Hfaiedh N, Bouoni Z, Hfaiedh M, Sakly M, Zourgui L, Rhouma KB. Antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activities of Opuntia ficus indica f. inermis root extract in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:1120-1126. [PMID: 20638261 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus indica f. inermis methanolic root extract (ORE) was investigated for phenolic and flavonoids contents, in vitro evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and in vivo tested for its gastro-protective ability against 80% ethanol induced ulcer in rats. Phytochemical test of ORE were positive for phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power of ORE showed an EC(50) of 118.65±2.51 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml respectively. In vivo the pre-treatment of rats with ranitidine (50 mg/kg) and 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg doses of ORE significantly (p<0.05) reduced the 80% ethanol induced-ulcer lesion, with a rate of 82.68%, 49.21%, 83.13%, and 92.59% respectively, and prevented the depletion of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (GSH), and inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat stomach tissues when compared with ethanol group. Also pre-treatment with ORE marked a dose-dependent attenuation of histopathology changes induced by ethanol. Phenolic and flavonoids wealth, radical scavenging activity, and reducing power, have been implicated for antiulcer property of ORE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Alimi
- Unité de Biochimie Macromoléculaire et Génétique, Faculté des Sciences de Gafsa, Cité Zarroug, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
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Synthesis, gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of new amino acid diterpene monoamides and diamides. Molecules 2010; 15:7378-94. [PMID: 20966879 PMCID: PMC6259277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following our studies on the gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of terpene derivatives, new amides were prepared from the diterpene 8(17)-labden-15,19-dioic acid (junicedric acid) and its 8(9)-en isomer with C-protected amino acids (amino acid esters). The new compounds were evaluated for their gastroprotective effect in the ethanol/HCl-induced gastric lesions model in mice, as well as for cytotoxicity using the following human cell lines: normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2). A dose-response experiment showed that at 25 mg/kg the C-15 leucyl and C-15,19-dileucylester amides of junicedric acid reduced gastric lesions by about 65.6 and 49.6%, respectively, with an effect comparable to lansoprazole at 20 mg/kg (79.3% lesion reduction). The comparison of the gastroprotective effect of 18 new amino acid ester amides was carried out at a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg. Several compounds presented a strong gastroprotective effect, reducing gastric lesions in the 70.9-87.8% range. The diprolyl derivative of junicedric acid, the most active product of this study (87.8% lesion reduction at 25 mg/kg) presented a cytotoxicity value comparable with that of the reference compound lansoprazole. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Areche C, Theoduloz C, Yáñez T, Souza-Brito ARM, Barbastefano V, de Paula D, Ferreira AL, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA. Gastroprotective activity of ferruginol in mice and rats: effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:245-51. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.2.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The gastroprotective mechanism of the natural diterpene ferruginol was assessed in mice and rats. The involvement of gastric prostaglandins (PGE2), reduced glutathione, nitric oxide or capsaicin receptors was evaluated in mice either treated or untreated with indometacin, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or ruthenium red, respectively, and then orally treated with ferruginol or vehicle. Gastric lesions were induced by oral administration of ethanol. The effects of ferruginol on the parameters of gastric secretion were assessed in pylorus-ligated rats. Gastric PGE2 content was determined in rats treated with ferruginol and/or indometacin. The reduction of gastric glutathione (GSH) content was determined in rats treated with ethanol after oral administration of ferruginol, lansoprazole or vehicle. Finally, the acute oral toxicity was assessed in mice. Indometacin reversed the gastroprotective effect of ferruginol (25 mg kg−1) but not NEM, ruthenium red or L-NAME. The diterpene (25 mg kg−1) increased the gastric juice volume and its pH value, and reduced the titrable acidity but was devoid of effect on the gastric mucus content. Ferruginol (25, 50 mg kg−1) increased gastric PGE2 content in a dose-dependent manner and prevented the reduction in GSH observed due to ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Single oral doses up to 3 g kg−1 ferruginol did not elicit mortality or acute toxic effects in mice. Our results showed that ferruginol acted as a gastroprotective agent stimulating the gastric PGE2 synthesis, reducing the gastric acid output and improving the antioxidant capacity of the gastric mucosa by maintaining the GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Tania Yáñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Alba R M Souza-Brito
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Víctor Barbastefano
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Débora de Paula
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Anderson L Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Jaime A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Areche C, Rodríguez JA, Razmilic I, Yáñez T, Theoduloz C, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Gastroprotective and cytotoxic effect of semisynthetic ferruginol derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:289-300. [PMID: 17270082 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.2.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The gastroprotective abietane diterpene ferruginol has been shown to present high cytotoxicity. In order to obtain active compounds with less cytotoxicity, 18 semisynthetic ferruginol derivatives and totarol were assessed for their gastroprotective effects in the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesion model in mice, as well as for cytotoxicity in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). At 20 mg kg−1, the greatest gastroprotective effects were provided by abieta-8,11,13-triene (1), abieta-8,11,13-trien-12-yl-2-chloropropanoate (8), abieta-8,11,13-trien-12-yl propenoate (9), 12-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-abieta-8,11,13-triene (17) and 12-(β-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-abieta-8,11,13-triene (18), all of which were as active as the reference drug lansoprazole at 20 mg kg−1, reducing gastric lesions by 69, 76, 67, 72 and 61%, respectively. No relation was observed between lipophilicity and the gastroprotective effect. Compounds that showed the greatest cytotoxicity towards AGS cells were ferruginol (2), the corresponding formate (5), acetate (6), propionate (7), 8, 9, 12-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-abieta-8,11,13-triene (16), 18 and totarol (20) (IC50 18–44 μM). Ferruginol and compounds 5–9, 16, 18 and 20 were the most toxic compounds against fibroblasts (IC50 19–56 μM), with a correlation to AGS cells. The derivative 19 was much more active against AGS cells than towards fibroblasts. The best activity/cytotoxicity ratio was found for compound 17, with a lesion index comparable with lansoprazole at 20 mg kg−1 and cytotoxicity >1000 μM towards MRC-5 and AGS cells, respectively. In conclusion, some derivatives showed a better gastroprotective effect/cytotoxicity ratio than the parent compound ferruginol. A total of 13 new compounds are reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Rodríguez JA, Theoduloz C, Sánchez M, Yáñez T, Razmilic I, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Gastroprotective activity of a new semi-synthetic solidagenone derivative in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:265-71. [PMID: 15720793 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The gastroprotective activity of the new semi-synthetic solidagenone derivative 15,16-epoxy-8(9),13(16),14-labdatrien-7β-methoxy-6β-ol (ELMO) has been assessed on the model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice. Human gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and fibroblasts (MRC-5) were used to determine its mode of action. The effect of ELMO on the prostaglandin E2 content, cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and protection against damage induced by sodium taurocholate was assessed against AGS cells. The effect of ELMO on the growth of AGS and fibroblast cultures was evaluated. The superoxide anion scavenging capacity of the compound was studied also. The cytotoxicity of ELMO, expressed as cell viability, was assessed using two independent endpoints: neutral red uptake (NRU) and the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) for MRC-5 fibroblasts and NRU for AGS cells. A single oral dose of ELMO (10 and 20 mg kg−1) inhibited the appearance of gastric lesions in mice displaying similar values to lansoprazole at 20 mg kg−1. At 40 μm ELMO increased the prostaglandin E2 content but not GSH in AGS cells. The compound showed no effect on sodium taurocholate-induced damage and was devoid of superoxide anion scavenging activity. Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 μm stimulated fibroblast but not AGS cell proliferation. The compound showed weak cytotoxicity with values (IC50) of 411 (NRU) and 418 μm (MTT) for fibroblasts and 261 μm (NRU) for AGS cells. The results support further pharmacological study of this compound as a potential new anti-ulcerogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Yam MF, Ang LF, Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Lim V, Ong LM, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Basir R. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastropathy in Rats. J Med Food 2009; 12:1089-97. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fung Ang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Omar Ziad Ameer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Lai Man Ong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
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Russo A, Garbarino J. Solidago chilensis Meyen et Kageneckia oblonga Ruiz & Pav.: petite revue de leur profil antioxydant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-008-0345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gastroprotective effect of cyanidin 3-glucoside on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Alcohol 2008; 42:683-7. [PMID: 19038699 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo protective effect of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. The experimental rats were treated with 80% ethanol after pretreatment with various doses of C3G (4 and 8 mg/kg of body weight), and the control rats received only 80% ethanol. Oral pretreatment with C3G significantly inhibited the formation of ethanol-induced gastric lesions and the elevation of the lipid peroxide level. In addition, pretreatment with C3G significantly increased the level of glutathione and the activities of radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in gastric tissues. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effect of C3G removes the ethanol-induced lipid peroxides and free radicals and that it may offer a potential remedy for the treatment of gastric lesions.
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Pertino M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA, Theoduloz C. Gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of terpenes from the Paraguayan crude drug "yagua rova" (Jatropha isabelli). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:553-9. [PMID: 17276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new jatrophone derivative (6), jatrophone (3), jatropholone A (4) and jatropholone B (5), acetyl aleuritolic acid (1), cyperenoic acid (2) and a monoterpene were isolated from the rhizomes of the Paraguayan crude drug Jatropha isabelli. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. The gastroprotective effect of jatrophone, jatropholone A and B as well as 9beta,13alpha-dihydroxyisabellione 6 and the triterpene 1 was assessed in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions model in mice. Jatrophone elicited a strong gastroprotective effect with no significant differences between 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg and reducing lesions from 88 to 93%. The jatropholones A and B showed remarkable differences in the gastroprotective assay. Jatropholone A presented a dose-related response, with maximum effect (54% lesion reduction) at the highest dose (100 mg/kg), jatropholone B showed a strong action at all the doses, reducing lesions by 83-91%. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed towards fibroblasts and AGS cells. Jatrophone was toxic against both cell lines (IC50 values: 2.8 and 2.5 microM, respectively). Jatropholone B (5) was not cytotoxic while jatropholone A (4) displayed a selective effect against AGS cells (IC50: 49 microM). The relevance of stereochemistry in the biological effects is clear comparing the effect of jatropholone A and B against AGS cells, with IC50 values of 49 and > 1000 microM for the beta and alpha C-16 isomers, respectively. The results provide scientific support for the use of "yagua rova" as a gastroprotective crude drug in Paraguayan traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Pertino
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Kakub G, Gulfraz M. Cytoprotective effects ofBergenia ciliata Sternb, extract on gastric ulcer in rats. Phytother Res 2007; 21:1217-20. [PMID: 17661334 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bergenia ciliata is used for the treatment of stomach disorders in the folk medicine of some areas of South East Asia. This study was designed to evaluate its gastroprotective effects on ethanol/HCl, indomethacin and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b/w of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the rhizome were administered 1 h after ulcerogenic treatment. The animals were killed 3 h later, their stomachs removed and the mean area of ulcer lesion was determined. The weight of mucus and gastric acidity were also measured. The aqueous extract decreased the ulcer lesion (p < 0.05) in all models to a greater extent than the methanol extract, but at the higher doses the effect was reduced. In addition, the antiulcer activity appears to be mediated via cytoprotective effects conferred by enhancement of the mucosal barrier, rather than by prevention of gastric acid secretion or the lowering of pH and acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kakub
- University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Cardoso CRP, de Syllos Cólus IM, Bernardi CC, Sannomiya M, Vilegas W, Varanda EA. Mutagenic activity promoted by amentoflavone and methanolic extract of Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu. Toxicology 2006; 225:55-63. [PMID: 16781041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Byrsonima crassa is a plant pertaining to the Brazilian central savannah-like belt of vegetation and popularly used for the treatment of gastric dysfunctions and diarrhoea. The methanol extract contains catechin, tannins, terpenes and flavonoids; both mutagenic potential and antioxidant properties have been ascribed to flavonoids. The mutagenicity of some flavonoids is believed to be associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species and seems to depend on the number and position of hydroxyl groups. In the present study the mutagenic activity of the methanol, chloroform and 80% aqueous methanol extracts, as well as acetate and aqueous sub-fractions, of this medicinal plant were evaluated by Salmonella typhimurium assay, using strains TA100, TA98, TA102 and TA97a, and in mouse reticulocytes. The results showed mutagenic activity of the methanolic extract in the TA98 strain without S9, but no mutagenicity to mouse cells in any of the extracts. The acetate fraction showed strong signs of mutagenicity without S9, suggesting that in this enriched fraction were concentrated the compounds that induced mutagenic activity. The aqueous fraction showed no mutagenic activity. The TLC and HSCCC analyses of the acetate fraction with some standard compounds permitted the isolation of the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, amentoflavone, methyl gallate and (+)-catechin, of which only the amentoflavone exhibited positive mutagenicity to TA98 (+S9, -S9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Regina Primila Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista(UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, 14801-902 SP, Brazil
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Rodríguez JA, Theoduloz C, Yáñez T, Becerra J, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effect of ferruginol in mice and rats: assessment of its mechanism of action using in vitro models. Life Sci 2005; 78:2503-9. [PMID: 16309708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective activity of the diterpene ferruginol isolated from Prumnopitys andina wood and bark was determined on HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice. The effect of the compound on the healing of subacute gastric lesions in rats was also studied. The mode of action of the diterpene was assessed using human gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and MRC-5 fibroblasts. The effect of ferruginol on the prostaglandin E2 content, protection against sodium taurocholate induced-damage and reduced glutathione content was evaluated on AGS cells as well as on the growth of AGS and fibroblast cultures. The free radical scavenging effect of ferruginol was assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical and superoxide anion assays. The effect of ferruginol on human erythrocyte membrane lipoperoxidation was determined. The cytotoxicity of the compound was assessed by means of the neutral red uptake. At 25 mg/kg, ferruginol inhibited the appearance of gastric lesions by 60% showing similar effects than lansoprazole at 20 mg/kg. Additionally, the compound displayed a significant ulcer healing activity in rats at 25 and 50 mg/kg with curative ratios of 36.0% and 92.5%, respectively, while the reference compound ranitidine at 50 mg/kg showed a curative ratio of 79.6%. At 6 and 12 microM, ferruginol increased significantly the prostaglandin E2 content. A strong inhibition of lipoperoxidation was found (IC50: 1.4 microM), but no effect was observed on the sodium taurocholate induced-damage or reduced glutathione content. Ferruginol stimulated cell proliferation at 1-2 microM in AGS cells and at 4-8 microM in fibroblasts, with cytotoxicities (IC50) of 24 and 26 microM, respectively. Our results support that ferruginol acts as gastroprotective increasing the PGs content, protecting the cells against lipid peroxidation and improving the gastric ulcer healing by a stimulating effect on the cell proliferation. These findings encourage further pharmacological studies of ferruginol as a potential new anti-ulcerogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Yesilada E. Traditional medicine and gastroprotective crude drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:61-6. [PMID: 15993015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A frequent question when dealing with the search for gastroprotective compounds from natural sources is how far or close are both the plant preparations and extract amounts from the doses recommended in traditional medicine and what should be considered realistic levels for experimental studies. The administration way is oral and therefore extracts and products should be administered by gavage when looking for validation of ethnopharmacological uses. Suggestions of doses for both crude extracts and pure compounds are presented and discussed. For plant extracts prepared from single herbs and herbal mixtures, dose-response studies in the range between 100 and 300 mg/kg are suggested, with more than a single gastric ulcer model either in rats or mice. A suitable reference compound should be used according to the ulcer model and in doses resembling those used for human patients. For pure compounds and structure-activity studies or trends, dose-response results should be provided for at least a parent compound in order to select a reasonable dose for comparison purposes. We suggest an evaluation of the activity of the parent compound in the 50-300 mg/kg range and to look for structural modification leading to derivatives with similar or higher gastroprotective effects than the reference antiulcer compounds.
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Toma W, Hiruma-Lima CA, Guerrero RO, Brito ARMS. Preliminary studies of Mammea americana L. (Guttiferae) bark/latex extract point to an effective antiulcer effect on gastric ulcer models in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:345-50. [PMID: 15957368 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts are some of the most attractive sources of new drugs and have shown promising results for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Several folk medicinal plants and herbs have been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, including gastric ulcers. Mammea americana L. (Guttiferae) fruit is very common in the diet of the population of northern South America. Our research interest in this plant arose because of its potential medicinal value as a tonic and against stomachache, as used in folk medicine. In this paper we evaluated three different extracts (ethanolic/EtOH, methanolic/MeOH and dichloromethane/DCM) obtained from M. americana L., for their ability to protect the gastric mucosa against injuries caused by necrotizing agents (0.3 M HCl/60% EtOH), hypothermic restraint stress, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID, indomethacin) and pylorus ligation. In the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric-ulcer model, EtOH and DCM extracts demonstrated significant inhibition of the ulcerative lesion index by 54% (12.0 +/- 2.6 mm) and 86% (3.7 +/- 1.8 mm), respectively, in relation to the control value (26.0 +/- 1.4 mm) (p<0.0001). In the NSAID/cholinomimetic-induced lesion model, both EtOH and DCM extracts showed antiulcerogenic effects with significant reduction in the damage to these gastric lesions of 36% (8.3 +/- 2.0 mm) and 42% (7.5 +/- 1.4 mm), respectively, as compared to the control group (13.0 +/- 0.9 mm) (p<0.0001). In the gastric ulcer induced by hypothermic-restraint stress, both extracts also showed significant activity, and inhibited the gastric lesion index by 58% and 75%, respectively. The EtOH and DCM extracts also changed gastric juice parameters as well as those of cimetidine, decreased gastric acid secretion significantly (p<0.0001), increased pH values and promoted reduced acid output (p<0.0001). In all gastric-ulcer-induced models, MeOH extract did not show any significant antiulcerogenic activity, nor did it change gastric-juice parameters (p>0.05). The results suggest that EtOH and DCM extracts obtained from M. americana possess excellent antisecretory and/or gastrotective effect in all gastric ulcer models. These results suggest that the antiulcerogenic compound(s) present in M. americana may be clustered in the apolar fraction, which will be investigated by our group for the probable mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Toma
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sannomiya M, Fonseca VB, da Silva MA, Rocha LRM, Dos Santos LC, Hiruma-Lima CA, Souza Brito ARM, Vilegas W. Flavonoids and antiulcerogenic activity from Byrsonima crassa leaves extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:1-6. [PMID: 15652267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu (IK) (Malpighiaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diseases related mainly to gastric ulcers. In this study, we evaluated the potential antiulcerogenic effect of three different extracts obtained from the leaves of Byrsonima crassa namely hydromethanolic (80% MeOH), methanolic (MeOH) and chloroformic extracts (CHCl(3)). The oral administration (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) of all the extracts reduced the formation of lesions associated with HCl/ethanol administration in mice. The 80% MeOH extract significantly reduced the incidence of gastric lesions by 74, 78 and 92% at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively (P<0.01). The MeOH extract reduced the ulceration by 93 and 99% only at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg (P<0.01). The lower gastroprotective action (69%) was observed when animals were treated with CHCl(3) extract at the dose of 1000 mg/kg (P<0.01). Phytochemical investigation of Byrsonima crassa afforded five known substances: quercetin-3-O-beta-d-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside, the biflavonoid amentoflavone, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. The presence of these phenolic compounds may probably explain the antiulcerogenic effect of the extracts of Byrsonima crassa leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sannomiya
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Rua Francisco Degni s/n, Bairro Quitandinha, c.p. 355, CEP 14800-900, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Melo PS, Durán N, Hiruma-Lima CA, Souza-Brito ARM, Haun M. Comparison of the gastroprotective effect of a diterpene lactone isolated from Croton cajucara with its synthetic derivatives. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 87:169-174. [PMID: 12860303 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of three new derivatives from dehydrocrotonin (DHC-compound I) on gastric damage in different animal models including gastric ulceration induced by a necrotic agent and hypothermic restrained-stress was studied: compound II (produced by reducing the cyclohexenone moiety of DHC with NaBH(4)); compound III (produced by reducing the carbonyls with LiAlH(4)); and compound IV (produced by transforming the lactone moiety into an amide). Their structures were confirmed on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. When previously administered (p.o.) at a dose of 100mg/kg, compound II significantly (P<0.01) reduced gastric injury induced by HCl/ethanol (78%) and indomethacin (88%) better than did reference compound I (48 and 43%, respectively). But the anti-ulcerogenic activity of compound II was completely abolished by the stress-induced ulcer. Reduction of carbonyls with LiAlH(4) (compound III) caused decreased activity, markedly when no protective effect in any of the models was applied (P>0.05). However, compound IV, in which the lactone moiety was changed into an amide, when administered at the same dose (100mg/kg, p.o.), was more effective. The presence of a lactone moiety or Michael acceptor is probably essential for the anti-ulcerogenic effect of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silva Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, cp. 6110, CEP 13081-970, SP, Campinas, Brazil
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Durán N, Justo GZ, Melo PS, De Azevedo MBM, Brito ARMS, Almeida ABA, Haun M. Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic activity of violacein and its modulation by the inclusion complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:387-96. [PMID: 12769230 DOI: 10.1139/y03-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) inclusion complexation on the ability of violacein to prevent gastric ulceration in mice were studied. Violacein-betaCD inclusion complexes were prepared in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios and analysed by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. Violacein previously administered orally at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced indomethacin-induced gastric lesions, as well as 100 mg/kg of cimetidine (positive control). However, betaCD complexation in both molar ratios significantly potentiated the protective action of violacein. In the HCl--ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, violacein and the 1:2 inclusion complex (10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited gastric damage by almost 85%, whereas a 63% reduction was observed for the positive control, lansoprazole, at 30 mg/kg. In contrast, treatment with the 1:1 inclusion complex resulted in almost total disappearance of the antiulcer activity in this model. No significant changes in stress-induced gastric injury were found. In addition, the 1:2 inclusion complex improved the antilipoperoxidant activity of violacein in rat liver cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide, whereas the 1:1 complex was less active than violacein. In summary, the 1:2 betaCD inclusion complex has gastroprotective properties similar to or higher than that of violacein. An increase in mucosal defensive mechanisms and protection against peroxidative damage might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Durán
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6184, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G, Ameri M. Effects of Anethum graveolens L. seed extracts on experimental gastric irritation models in mice. BMC Pharmacol 2002; 2:21. [PMID: 12493079 PMCID: PMC140031 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2002] [Accepted: 12/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a folk remedy, Anethum graveolens seed (dill) is used for some gastrointestinal ailments. We aimed to evaluate aqueous and ethanolic extracts of anti-ulcer and acute toxicity effects of the Anethum graveolens in mice. RESULTS Gastric mucosal lesions were induced by oral administration of HCl (1 N) and absolute ethanol in mice. The acidity and total acid content of gastric juice were measured in pylorus-ligated mice. LD50 values of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were 3.04 g/kg, i.p., (1.5, 6.16) and 6.98 g/kg, i.p., (5.69, 8.56), respectively. The efficacy of high dose of extracts (p.o.) was similar to sucralfate. The acidity and total acid content were reduced by the orally or intraperitoneally administration of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that A. graveolens seed extracts have significant mucosal protective and antisecretory effects of the gastric mucosa in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), P.O.Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholam_Reza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), P.O.Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Ameri
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), P.O.Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
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Astudillo L, Rodriguez JA, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Gastroprotective activity of oleanolic acid derivatives on experimentally induced gastric lesions in rats and mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:583-8. [PMID: 11999138 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective effect of the triterpene oleanolic acid (OA) was assessed on gastric ulceration in rats. The effect of a single oral dose of OA was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) in the following models: pylorus ligature (Shay), and aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. A single oral administration of OA at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-' inhibited the appearance of gastric lesions induced by ethanol, aspirin and pylorus ligature. In the pylorus ligature and aspirin models, the effect of OA at the selected concentrations was comparable with that of ranitidine at 50 mg kg(-1). In the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model, OA showed a dose-dependent activity, and at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) was as active as omeprazole at 20 mg kg(-1). The effect of OA, its acetylated and methoxylated derivatives, oleanonic acid and its methyl ester were assessed on HCI/ethanol-induced ulcers in mice at 200 mg kg(-1). OA and its methoxylated (OAM) and acetylated (OAAM, OAA) derivatives proved to be active in this animal model. The semisynthetic derivatives OAM and OAAM had the greatest gastroprotective activity, but their effect was not significantly greater than OA. In an acute toxicity test on mice, intraperitoneal administration of OA showed no toxicity at doses up to 600 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Astudillo
- Instituto de Quimica de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla, Chile
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Hiruma-Lima CA, Toma W, Gracioso JDS, de Almeida ABA, Batista LM, Magri L, de Paula ACB, Soares FR, Nunes DS, Souza Brito ARM. Natural trans-crotonin: the antiulcerogenic effect of another diterpene isolated from the bark of Croton cajucara Benth. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:452-6. [PMID: 11995923 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nor-clerodane diterpene trans-crotonin isolated from the bark of Croton cajucara BENTH. was investigated for its ability to prevent the formation of gastric-mucosa ulceration in different experimental models in mice. The results obtained from crotonin were compared with those obtained with another diterpene, DHC (trans-dehydrocrotonin) in the same models. When previously administered (p.o.) at the dose of 100 mg/kg, crotonin, as well as DHC, significantly reduced (p<0.05) gastric injury induced by stress (72, 67%), indomethacin/bethanechol (78, 29%) and pylorus ligature (35, 30%). In the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, at oral doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg, crotonin significantly prevented (p<0.05) the formation of gastric lesions by 51 and 56%, respectively, when compared to the control group. Gastric injury was also of significantly less magnitude in the DHC treatment group (p<0.05). In the pylorus-ligature model, crotonin (p.o.), like cimetidine, increased the volume of gastric juice when compared to the control group (p<0.05). No significant modifications where found in gastric parameters such as pH or total acid content after oral crotonin treatment. However, systemic alterations were observed when crotonin (100 mg/kg) was previously administered intraduodenally to mice. We observed significant changes (p<0.001) in gastric-juice parameters such as an increase in volume and a decrease in gastric acidity. Those pre-treated with crotonin as well as with DHC did not increase free mucus production (p>0.05). The results suggest that crotonin presents a significant anti-ulcer effect when assessed in these ulcer-induced models. As with DHC, the antiulcerogenic effects of crotonin are probably related to anti-secretory or/and gastroprotective properties of this substance. In light of results obtained with DHC and natural trans-crotonin in the present study, we concluded that the A-ring of both diterpenes is not directly involved in the antiulcerogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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