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Musati M, Frutos P, Bertino A, Hervás G, Luciano G, Forte C, Priolo A, Lanza M, Bella M, Biondi L, Natalello A. Dietary combination of linseed and hazelnut skin as a sustainable strategy to enrich lamb with health promoting fatty acids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10133. [PMID: 38698104 PMCID: PMC11066009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the inclusion of extruded linseed and hazelnut skin on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in finishing lambs. Forty lambs were divided into 4 groups and fed for 60 d with: a conventional cereal-based diet, or the same diet with 8% of extruded linseed, or 15% of hazelnut skin, or 4% of linseed plus 7.5% of hazelnut skin as partial replacement of maize. Dietary treatments did not affect growth performances, carcass traits, and ruminal fermentation. The combined effect of linseed and hazelnut skin enriched the intramuscular fat with health promoting FA. Particularly, increases in α-linolenic acid (3.75-fold), and very long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated FA (+ 40%) were attributed to the supplementation with linseed, rich in α-linolenic acid. In addition, increases in rumenic (+ 33%), and vaccenic (+ 59%) acids were attributed to hazelnut skin tannins modulating ruminal biohydrogenation and accumulating intermediate metabolites. The simultaneous inclusion of linseed and hazelnut skin can be a profitable strategy for enriching the intramuscular fat of lambs with health promoting FA, without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Musati
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Antonino Bertino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Bella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Biondi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Natalello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Yan X, Liu S, Wang S, Cui J, Wang Y, Lv Y, Li H, Feng Y, Luo R, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Predictive Analysis of Linoleic Acid in Red Meat Employing Advanced Ensemble Models of Bayesian and CNN-Bi-LSTM Decision Layer Fusion Based Hyperspectral Imaging. Foods 2024; 13:424. [PMID: 38338559 PMCID: PMC10855435 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid non-destructive testing technologies are effectively used to analyze and evaluate the linoleic acid content while processing fresh meat products. In current study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was combined with deep learning optimization algorithm to model and analyze the linoleic acid content in 252 mixed red meat samples. A comparative study was conducted by experimenting mixed sample data preprocessing methods and feature wavelength extraction methods depending on the distribution of linoleic acid content. Initially, convolutional neural network Bi-directional long short-term memory (CNN-Bi-LSTM) model was constructed to reduce the loss of the fully connected layer extracted feature information and optimize the prediction effect. In addition, the prediction process of overfitting phenomenon in the CNN-Bi-LSTM model was also targeted. The Bayesian-CNN-Bi-LSTM (Bayes-CNN-Bi-LSTM) model was proposed to improve the linoleic acid prediction in red meat through iterative optimization of Gaussian process acceleration function. Results showed that best preprocessing effect was achieved by using the detrending algorithm, while 11 feature wavelengths extracted by variable combination population analysis (VCPA) method effectively contained characteristic group information of linoleic acid. The Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) model combined with the feature extraction data set of VCPA method predicted 0.860 Rp2 value of linoleic acid content in red meat. The CNN-Bi-LSTM model achieved an Rp2 of 0.889, and the optimized Bayes-CNN-Bi-LSTM model was constructed to achieve the best prediction with an Rp2 of 0.909. This study provided a reference for the rapid synchronous detection of mixed sample indicators, and a theoretical basis for the development of hyperspectral on-line detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Sijia Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Songlei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jiarui Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Yongrui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Yu Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yingjie Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ruiming Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
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Firozi F, Dayani O, Tahmasbi R, Tajaddini MA. Feed intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy goats in response to partial substitution of soybean meal for formaldehyde-treated sesame meal in the diet. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:290-307. [PMID: 37553987 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2241338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution of soybean meal (SBM) for formaldehyde-treated sesame meal (FTSM) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters and milk production and composition in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats. Forty lactating goats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: (1) diet with 16.5% CP, containing SBM (CON); (2) diet with 16.5% CP, containing untreated SM (USM); (3) diet with 16.5% CP, containing FTSM (FT); and (4) diet with 14.5% CP containing FTSM (LPFT). The results showed that nutrient intake was highest in the FT group (p < 0.001), while it was similar between the CON and LPFT groups, except for the intake of CP, which was higher in the CON group. The FT and LPFT had lower ruminal pH compared to CON and USM groups (p < 0.001), with goats in group FT having the highest volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (p < 0.001). The highest propionate concentration was observed in the LPFT treatment (p < 0.001), followed by the FT, CON, and USM treatments. Goats offered USM and LPFT treatments presented the highest and lowest acetate: propionate values, respectively, among the experimental groups (p < 0.001). The results also showed that LPFT goats had the lowest blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (p = 0.004), while FT goats presented a lower non-esterified FA (NEFA) level compared with CON and LPFT goats (p = 0.01). Goats offered the FT diet had the highest milk yield (p = 0.002) and energy-corrected milk yield (p < 0.001) among all dietary groups. The highest milk fat (p < 0.001), protein (p = 0.001), lactose (p = 0.007), total solids (p = 0.003), and solids-not-fat (SNF) (p = 0.003) contents were observed in FT goats, which didn't differ from USM goats. The inclusion of formaldehyde-treated SM increased the percentage of C18:3 (p < 0.001) and C20:1 (p = 0.04) FAs compared with USM and CON treatments. Milk from USM, FT, and LPFT goats had lower levels of saturated (p < 0.001) and medium-chain FAs (p = 0.014) compared with CON goats, whereas milk from CON goats had lower levels of unsaturated, monounsaturated, and long-chain FAs compared to other groups (p < 0.001). The lowest and the highest concentrations of polyunsaturated FAs were observed in CON and LPFT goats, respectively (p = 0.001). It can be concluded that SBM can be advantageously replaced by formaldehyde-treated SM in the diet as a feasible alternative to improve feed intake and production performance of dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Firozi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Dayani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Tahmasbi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tajaddini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Ke T, Zhao M, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Sun Y, Wang P, Ren C, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Review of Feeding Systems Affecting Production, Carcass Attributes, and Meat Quality of Ovine and Caprine Species. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051215. [PMID: 37240860 DOI: 10.3390/life13051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth rate, carcass attributes, and meat quality traits of small ruminants (i.e., sheep and goats) depend on various factors, among which the feeding system is one of the most important factors. However, how feeding systems affect these parameters differ between sheep and goats. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the differences in how different feeding systems affect the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of sheep and goats. It also explored the effects of a new finishing strategy-time-limited grazing with supplements on these traits. Compared with stalled feeding, finishing lambs/kids on pasture-only feed reduced the average daily gain (ADG) and carcass yield, while supplemented-grazing lambs/kids had near-equivalent or higher ADG and carcass attributes. Pasture-grazing increased the meat flavor intensity and healthy fatty acid content (HFAC) of lamb/kid meat. Supplemental grazing lambs had comparable or superior meat sensory attributes and increased meat protein and HFAC compared to stall-fed ones. In contrast, supplemental grazing only improved the meat color of kids but had little effect on other meat qualities. Moreover, time-limited grazing with supplemental concentrates increased the carcass yield and meat quality in lamb meat. Overall, the effects of different feeding systems on growth performance and carcass traits were comparable between sheep and goats but differed in terms of the meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ke
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Yingshang Agricultural Green Development Promotion Center, Yingshang 236200, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Yingshang Agricultural Green Development Promotion Center, Yingshang 236200, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Yafeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Yingshang Agricultural Green Development Promotion Center, Yingshang 236200, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
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Cui Q, Lin L, Lai Z, Mao S. Effects of high-grain diet feeding on fatty acid profiles in milk, blood, muscle, and adipose tissue, and transcriptional expression of lipid-related genes in muscle and adipose tissue of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 37029438 PMCID: PMC10082502 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grain (HG) diets affect lipid metabolism in the liver and mammary tissue of dairy cows, but its effects on muscle and adipose tissue have not been wide evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify this issue. METHODS Twelve Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups: conventional diet group (CON, n = 6) and the HG diet group (n = 6). On day 7 of week 4, rumen fluid was sampled to measure pH, milk was sampled to measure components, and blood was sampled to measure biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition. After the experiment, cows were slaughtered to collect muscle and adipose tissue for fatty acid composition and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS HG feeding decreased the ruminal pH, milk's fat content and long-chain fatty acid proportion (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in the milk (P < 0.05) as compared with CON diets. The concentrations of blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HG cows were lower than those in CON cows (P < 0.05). In muscle tissue, HG feeding tended to increase the triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (P < 0.10). Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids pathway, the regulation of lipolysis in the adipocytes pathway, and the PPAR signalling pathway. In adipose tissue, HG feeding increased the concentration of TG and decreased the concentration of C18:1 cis9 (P < 0.05). At the transcriptome level, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and PPAR signalling pathway were activated. CONCLUSION HG feeding leads to subacute rumen acidosis and a decreased milk fat content. The fatty acid profiles in the milk and plasma of dairy cows were changed by HG feeding. In muscle and adipose tissue, HG feeding increased TG concentration and up-regulated the expression of genes related to adipogenesis, while down-regulated the expression of genes related to lipid transport. These results complement our knowledge of the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in dairy cows and expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which HG diets affect lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Limei Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zheng Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Physicochemical Quality and Fatty Acid Profile in the Meat of Goats Fed Forage Cactus as a Substitute for Tifton 85 Hay. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060957. [PMID: 36978501 PMCID: PMC10044177 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low rainfall in Northeast Brazil is a limiting factor for animal production. Forages that present crassulacean acid metabolism, such as forage cactus, are adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of this region, as they lose little water through the stomata. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical quality, fatty acid profile and sensory acceptance of the meat from goats fed forage cactus as a substitute for Tifton 85 hay. Twenty-one uncastrated mixed-breed goats with a mean body weight of 18 ± 0.86 kg and 7 ± 1 months of age were used. A completely randomized design with three treatments and seven replications per treatment was performed. The inclusion of 0 (control), 25 and 55% of forage cactus in substitution of Tifton 85 hay in the diet of the goats was evaluated. The lipid content in the meat of animals fed 25 and 55% of forage cactus was 1.33% and 1.26%, respectively, and was lower (p < 0.05) in relation to the meat of animals that received the control diet (1.56%). The inclusion of 55% of forage cactus provided an increase (p < 0.05) in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids in the meat (52.71%) in relation to the control meat (37.75%). Sensory analysis differed (p < 0.05) between treatments. We recommend replacing Tifton 85 hay with 55% forage cactus, as it presents greater sensory acceptance, and provides lower lipid content and higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids in goat meat.
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Żurek J, Rudy M, Stanisławczyk R, Duma-Kocan P. The Effect of Kosher Determinants of Beef on Its Color, Texture Profile and Sensory Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1378. [PMID: 36674131 PMCID: PMC9858953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ritual slaughter is an underlying practice in religious Jewish communities and it translates into eating in accordance with core beliefs. This paper aims to comprehensively analyze factors determining the kosher status of beef (sex, slaughter method, and muscle type) and assess their impact on selected quality properties, such as color or texture profile. Sensory evaluation was also performed. The muscles were obtained from 80 carcasses (50% of heifers and 50% of young bulls). The experimental results indicate that each studied kosherness determinant influenced beef quality properties. The process of koshering caused the darkening of beef and lowered the share of color parameters red (a*) and yellow (b*). The influence of the type of slaughter on the values of adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of beef was confirmed; higher values were mostly obtained in the muscles of cattle from kosher slaughter. As to sensory evaluation, the study showed that in the case of muscle type, the sex and slaughter method positively influenced only some of the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Żurek
- Department of Financial Markets and Public Finance, Institute of Economics and Finance, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Rudy
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.S.); (P.D.-K.)
| | - Renata Stanisławczyk
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.S.); (P.D.-K.)
| | - Paulina Duma-Kocan
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.S.); (P.D.-K.)
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Physicochemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Kids' Meat Fed Ground-Corn-Grain Silage Rehydrated with Different Additives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010031. [PMID: 36611641 PMCID: PMC9817871 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the replacement of dry ground corn (GC) with corn-grain silage rehydrated with water (RCSwater), cactus pear mucilage (RCSmucilage), and whey (RCSwhey) on the growth, physicochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of goat kids’ meat were investigated. Thirty-two crossbred goat kids (16.4 ± 2.50 kg initial weight) were assigned in a randomized block design with four treatments and eight repetitions. The NDF intake of goat kids fed with RCSmucilage was higher in comparison to RCSwater and RCSwhey (p = 0.0009). The dietary replacement of GC by RCSmucilage increased the final weight (p = 0.033) and meat-cooking losses (p = 0.0001) of kids. The concentrations of oleic (p = 0.046), 11,14-eicosadienoic (p = 0.033), and EPA (p = 0.010) were higher in the meat of kids fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey, and the α-linolenic concentration was higher (p = 0.019) for animals feeding with RCSmucilage. Meat from kids fed with RCSwhey presented the lowest ∑SFA and the highest ∑MUFA. In contrast, the ∑PUFA (p < 0.012) was higher for goats fed with RCSwater. The ∑ω3 (p < 0.0001) was higher in animals fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey. Desirable fatty acids were higher (p = 0.044) in animals fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey, and the atherogenicity (p = 0.044) and thrombogenicity (p < 0.0001) indexes were lower for goats fed the RCSwhey diet. The enzymatic activities of Δ9desaturase (C16) were higher (p = 0.027) in goat kids fed with GC and RCSmucilage, and Δ9desaturase (C18) was higher (p = 0.0497) when goats were fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey. Elongase activities were higher (p = 0.045) in goat kids fed with GC and RCSwater. The total replacement of GC by RCSmucilage is recommended in the diet of goat kids due to improvements in the weight gain and proportion of desirable fatty acids in the meat. In addition, RCSmucilage promoted better conservation of the silage at a lower cost when compared to commercial additives.
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Effect of Lipids in Yak Muscle under Different Feeding Systems on Meat Quality Based on Untargeted Lipidomics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202814. [PMID: 36290199 PMCID: PMC9597711 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the development of living standards, consumers are paying more and more attention to meat quality and flavor. When consumers choose meat, they directly pay attention to meat quality and flavor, so the meat quality and flavor directly decide meat price and sales volume. Better meat quality and flavor are the crucial factors that increase the additional value of meat. Because of its special nutritional value and taste, yak meat is popular with consumers. The intramuscular lipids can greatly affect the meat quality and flavor, but there is no report on the effect of lipids in yak muscle on the meat quality and flavor. In this study, we studied the characterization of lipids in yak muscle under different feeding systems and further explored the key lipids affecting yak meat quality and flavor. This study can provide new insight into the improvement of yak meat quality and flavor. Abstract The effect of lipids on yak meat quality and volatile flavor compounds in yak meat under graze feeding (GF) and stall feeding (SF) was explored using untargeted lipidomics based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in this study. First, the volatile flavor compounds in longissimus dorsi (LD) of SF and GF yaks were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total 49 and 39 volatile flavor substances were detected in the LD of GF and SF yaks, respectively. The contents of pelargonic aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 1-octen-3-ol in the LD of both GF and SF yaks were the highest among all detected volatile flavor compounds, and the leading volatile flavor substances in yak LD were aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. In total, 596 lipids were simultaneously identified in the LD of SF and GF yaks, and the leading lipids in the LD of both GF and SF yaks were sphingolipids (SPs), glycerolipids (GLs) and glycerophospholipids (GPs). Seventy-five significantly different lipids (SDLs) between GF and SF yaks were identified in the LD. The high content of TG(16:1/18:1/18:1), TG(16:0/17:1/18:1) and TG(16:0/16:1/18:1), PE(18:0/22:4) and PC(18:2/18:0) can improve the a* (redness) and tenderness of yak muscle. The changes in volatile flavor compounds in yak muscle were mainly caused by TG(18:1/18:1/18:2), TG(18:0/18:1/18:1), TG(16:0/17:1/18:1), TG(16:0/16:1/18:1), PC(18:2/18:0), TG(16:1/18:1/18:1), PI(18:0/20:4), TG(16:1/16:1-/18:1) and TG(17:0/18:1/18:1). The above results provide a theoretical basis for improving yak meat quality from the perspective of intramuscular lipids.
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Xiong L, Pei J, Wang X, Guo S, Guo X, Yan P. Lipidomics and Transcriptome Reveal the Effects of Feeding Systems on Fatty Acids in Yak’s Meat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172582. [PMID: 36076769 PMCID: PMC9455248 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The differences of fatty acids in yak’s meat under graze feeding (GF) and stall feeding (SF) regimes and the regulation mechanism of the feeding system on the fatty acids content in yak ’s meat was explored in this study. First, the fatty acids in yak’s longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were detected by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Compared with GF yaks, the absolute content of ΣSFAs, ΣMUFAs, ΣUFAs, ΣPUFAs and Σn-6PUFAs in SF yak’s LD were higher, whereas Σn-3PUFAs was lower; the relative content of ΣMUFAs, ΣPUFAs, Σn-3PUFAs and ΣUFAs in SF yak’s LD were lower, whereas ΣSFAs was higher. The GF yak’s meat is healthier for consumers. Further, the transcriptomic and lipidomics profiles in yak’s LD were detected by mRNA-Sequencing (mRNA-Seq) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), respectively. The integrated transcriptomic and lipidomics analysis showed the differences in fatty acids were caused by the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates and phospholipids, and were mainly regulated by the FASN, FABP3, PLIN1, SLC16A13, FASD6 and SCD genes in the PPAR signaling pathway. Moreover, the SCD gene was the candidate gene for the high content of ΣMUFA, and FADS6 was the candidate gene for the high content of Σn-3PUFAs and the healthier ratio of Σn-6/Σn-3PUFAs in yak meat. This study provides a guidance to consumers in the choice of yak’s meat, and also established a theoretical basis for improving yak’s meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shaoke Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-2115271
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Park SW, Kim DY, Bak GT, Hyun DS, Kim SK. Relation of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acid Intakes to Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged People Depending on the Level of HbA1c: A Review of National Health and Nutrition Survey Data from 2014 to 2016. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081017. [PMID: 36013484 PMCID: PMC9413490 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The relation of dietary n-6 fatty acid to metabolic syndrome has not been examined and clearly defined. To improve health in the general population, this study was to investigate the role of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in the reduction in metabolic syndrome and to observe changes in the effects of these fatty acids depending on the level of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized national health and nutrition survey data from 2014 to 2016. From the data, a relation of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intakes to metabolic syndrome and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)’s role in the relation was evaluated and analyzed for 4852 patients between 40 and 64 years old. Intake frequency of 112 nutrition and daily consumption amounts were identified, and intakes of n-3 and n-4 fatty acids were calculated from this data. Metabolic syndrome was determined for each participant using diagnostic standards for the Asian population published by the National Cholesterol Education Program. Results: Among the total 4852 subjects, 1583 (32.6%) had metabolic syndrome; 736 of 1875 (39.3%) males and 847 of 2977 (28.5%) females had the syndrome. In males, when their HbA1c was low (<5.4%), intakes of both n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were related to a 43−63% decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome with significance, and a similar negative tendency was also observed in females. On the contrary, for both males and females, no statistically significant correlation was present when HbA1c was high. Conclusion: It was considered that consistent and regular dietary intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may contribute greatly to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome in healthy males with normal insulin sensitivity, but the effect of their dietary intakes was found to be limited in a group with strong insulin resistance. The conclusion of this study presents a valuable reference and knowledge to provide nutritional education to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Woo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (G.-T.B.)
| | - Do-Yeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (G.-T.B.)
| | - Gyeong-Tae Bak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (G.-T.B.)
| | - Dae-Sung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (G.-T.B.)
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.H.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Sung-Kyung Kim
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.H.); (S.-K.K.)
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Schumacher M, DelCurto-Wyffels H, Thomson J, Boles J. Fat Deposition and Fat Effects on Meat Quality—A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121550. [PMID: 35739885 PMCID: PMC9219498 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animal fat deposition has a major impact on the meat yield from individual carcasses as well the perceived eating quality for consumers. Understanding the impact of livestock production practices on fat deposition and the molecular mechanisms activated will lead to a better understanding of finishing livestock. This enhanced understanding will also lead to the increased efficiency and improved sustainability of practices for livestock production. The impact of fat storage on physiological functions and health are also important. This review brings together both the production practices and the current understanding of molecular processes associated with fat deposition. Abstract Growth is frequently described as weight gain over time. Researchers have used this information in equations to predict carcass composition and estimate fat deposition. Diet, species, breed, and gender all influence fat deposition. Alterations in diets result in changes in fat deposition as well as the fatty acid profile of meat. Additionally, the amount and composition of the fat can affect lipid stability and flavor development upon cooking. Fat functions not only as a storage of energy and contributor of flavor compounds, but also participates in signaling that affects many aspects of the physiological functions of the animal. Transcription factors that are upregulated in response to excess energy to be stored are an important avenue of research to improve the understanding of fat deposition and thus, the efficiency of production. Additionally, further study of the inflammation associated with increased fat depots may lead to a better understanding of finishing animals, production efficiency, and overall health.
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Kang DH, Chung KY, Park BH, Kim UH, Jang SS, Smith ZK, Kim J. Effects of feeding high-energy diet on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass traits in Hanwoo steers. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1545-1555. [PMID: 35507848 PMCID: PMC9449379 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a 2% increase in dietary total digestible nutrients (TDN) value during the growing (7 to 12 mo of age) and fattening (13 to 30 mo of age) period of Hanwoo steers. Methods Two hundred and twenty Hanwoo steers were assigned to one of two treatments: i) a control group (basal TDN, BTDN, n = 111 steers, growing = 70.5%, early fattening = 71.0%, late fattening = 74.0%) or high TDN (HTDN, n = 109 steers, growing = 72.6%, early = 73.1%, late = 76.2%). Growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, and gene expression of longissimus dorsi (LD) (7, 18, and 30 mo) were quantified. Results Steers on the BTDN diets had increased (p≤0.02) DMI throughout the feeding trial compared to HTDN, but gain did not differ appreciably. A greater proportion of cattle in HTDN received Korean quality grade 1 (82%) or greater compared to BTDN (77%), while HTDN had a greater yield grade (29%) than BTDN (20%). Redness (a*) of LD muscle was improved (p = 0.021) in steers fed HTDN. Feeding the HTDN diet did not alter blood parameters. Steers fed HTDN diet increased (p = 0.015) the proportion of stearic acid and tended to alter linoleic acid. Overall, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids of LD muscle were not impacted by the HTDN treatment. A treatment by age interaction was noted for mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA, IIX, and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) (p≤0.026). No treatment effect was detected on gene expression from LD muscle biopsies at 7, 18, and 30 mo of age; however, an age effect was detected for all variables measured (p≤0.001). Conclusion Our results indicated that feeding HTDN diet could improve overall quality grade while minimum effects were noted in gene expression, blood parameters, and growing performance. Cattle performance prediction in the feedlot is a critical decision-making tool for optimal planning of cattle fattening and these data provide both benchmark physiological parameters and growth performance measures for Hanwoo cattle feeding enterprises.
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Corino C, Vizzarri F, Ratti S, Pellizzer M, Rossi R. Long Term Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Charolais Beef Cattle Reared in Italian Intensive Systems: Nutritional Profile and Fatty Acids Composition of Longissimus lumborum Muscle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091123. [PMID: 35565550 PMCID: PMC9105215 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the quality of beef has received great attention, and health concerns have been focused on fatty acid composition in relation to dietary requirements. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) lipid supplement in beef diet on the nutritional characteristics of Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. One hundred and eighty Charolais beef were divided in two groups: the control group (CON) received a basal diet and the second one (TR) an isoenergetic diet containing the omega-3 supplement. Dietary treatment did not affect (p > 0.05) growth performances, carcass characteristics and LL colour indices. Cholesterol content resulted lower (p < 0.001) in LL muscle from TR group than CON. The omega-3 FA and conjugated linoleic acid content were higher (p < 0.001) in LL muscle from TR than CON. As expected, LL muscle from TR group showed an increased value of malondialdehyde than CON during refrigerated storage, anyway, remaining within the threshold value of 1 mg/kg meat. In conclusion, the lipid supplement, rich in omega-3 FA improves the fatty acid profile and decreases cholesterol content of LL muscle. This feeding practice is suggested to enhance the nutritional value of meat from beef reared in intensive condition, improving the consumer’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Corino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesco Vizzarri
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Ratti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (S.R.)
| | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Different fat sources in supplements for beef cattle at pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pellegrino E, Nuti M, Ercoli L. Multiple Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Consortia Enhance Yield and Fatty Acids of Medicago sativa: A Two-Year Field Study on Agronomic Traits and Tracing of Fungal Persistence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814401. [PMID: 35237288 PMCID: PMC8882620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are promoted as biofertilizers due to potential benefits in crop productivity, and macro- and microelement uptake. However, crop response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation is context-dependent, and AMF diversity and field establishment and persistence of inoculants can greatly contribute to variation in outcomes. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that multiple and local AMF inoculants could enhance alfalfa yield and fatty acids (FA) compared to exotic isolates either single or in the mixture. We aimed also to verify the persistence of inoculated AMF, and which component of the AMF communities was the major driver of plant traits. Therefore, a field experiment of AMF inoculation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with three single foreign isolates, a mixture of the foreign isolates (FMix), and a highly diverse mixture of local AMF (LMix) was set up. We showed that AMF improved alfalfa yield (+ 68%), nutrient (+ 147% N content and + 182% P content in forage), and FA content (+ 105%). These positive effects persisted for at least 2 years post-inoculation and were associated with enhanced AMF abundance in roots. Consortia of AMF strains acted in synergy, and the mixture of foreign AMF isolates provided greater benefits compared to local consortia (+ 20% forage yield, + 36% forage N content, + 18% forage P content, + 20% total FA in forage). Foreign strains of Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis persisted in the roots of alfalfa 2 years following inoculation, either as single inoculum or as a component of the mixture. Among inoculants, F. mosseae BEG12 and AZ225C and the FMix exerted a higher impact on the local AMF community compared with LMix and R. irregularis BEG141. Finally, the stimulation of the proliferation of a single-taxa (R. irregularis cluster1) induced by all inoculants was the main determinant of the host benefits. Crop productivity and quality as well as field persistence of inoculated AMF support the use of mixtures of foreign AMF. On the other hand, local mixtures showed a lower impact on native AMF. These results pave the way for extending the study on the effect of AMF mixtures for the production of high-quality forage for the animal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nuti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Hugo A, van Wyngaard BE, Strydom PE, de Witt FH, Pohl-Albertyn CH, Kanengoni AT. The effect of dietary Echium oil supplementation on the fatty acid profile, omega-3 fatty acid content and subcutaneous fat quality of pork. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Akinmoladun OF, Fon FN, Mpendulo CT, Hugo A, Falowo AB, Nantapo CTW. Fatty acid profile, oxidative stability of lipids and sensory attributes of water restricted Xhosa goat meat supplemented with vitamin C. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Water scarcity often accompanied by limited water intake (WI) in livestock may result in pre-slaughter stress, thereby affecting meat quality parameters.
Aims
This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C (VC) supplementations on fatty acid (FA), lipids oxidation and sensory attributes of Longissimus lumborum muscles of Xhosa goats subjected to different watering regimen.
Methods
In total, 42 goats were randomly assigned into seven treatments: without water restriction, WR (W0, control); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI (W70); WR of 50% ad libitum WI (W50); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI+3gVC daily (W70+); WR of 50% of ad libitum WI intake+3gVC daily (W50+); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI+3gVC and extra 5gVC given every 8 days (W70++); WR of 50% of ad libitum WI+3gVC and extra 5gVC given every 8 days (W50++). The goats were fed for 75 days and killed following standard procedures. Bodyweight changes, thaw loss, ultimate pH (pHu), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), moisture and fat content, sensory attributes and FA profile of the meat were evaluated.
Key results
Results indicated that the decreased final weight in the untreated groups (W70 and W50) was reduced (P>0.05) in the treated groups (W70+, W50+, W70++, W50++). The treatment effect was not significant (P>0.05) on pHu, thaw loss and TBARS values. The moisture and fat content in the water-restricted groups were lower (P<0.05) than in W0. The meat sensory appearance was affected (P<0.05) by WR. Regardless of VC concentration, vaccenic and docosahexaenoic acid increased (P<0.05), while linolenic acid decreased as the WR levels increased.
Conclusions
WR of 70% and 50% of ad libitum WI, with or without VC, did not negatively affect the meat’s lipid oxidation and FA profile.
Implications
Limited WI reduces body weight. However, a daily dose of VC could help reduce body weight loss during water scarcity.
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Pordomingo AJ, Pordomingo AB, Grigioni G, Carduza F. Performance, carcass and meat traits of beef steers finished on small-grain winter annuals in winter or on alfalfa pasture in summer. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ellies-Oury MP, Durand D, Listrat A, Chavent M, Saracco J, Gruffat D. Certain relationships between Animal Performance, Sensory Quality and Nutritional Quality can be generalized between various experiments on animal of similar types. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dietary supplementation with fish oil and safflower oil, during the finishing period, alters brisket muscle fatty acid profile and n-6/n-3 ratio but not carcass traits of dairy beef bulls. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2021-02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sobczuk-Szul M, Mochol M, Nogalski Z, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P. Fatty acid profile as affected by fat depot and the sex category of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin fattening cattle fed silage ad libitum. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13516. [PMID: 33522059 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the fatty acid profiles of four types of fat depots from bulls, steers, and heifers. All animals were Polish Holstein-Friesian and Limousin crossbreds fattened semi-intensively-silage at libitum and concentrate in the amount corresponding to 30% of their net energy requirements. The fatty acid profile in intramuscular, intermuscular, and external and internal fat was determined. The intramuscular fat of bulls was most abundant in total PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 20:4, and C 22:5 in comparison with steers and heifers. Regardless of sex category, intramuscular and external fat were characterized by higher levels of UFAs and a more desirable MUFA/SFA ratio than the remaining fat types. It should also be noted that external fat was more abundant in CLA than other fat types, and that the highest CLA content was found in bull fat, compared with the remaining sex categories of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sobczuk-Szul
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mochol
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Zenon Nogalski
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
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Andrejčáková Z, Sopková D, Vlčková R, Hertelyová Z, Gancarčíková S, Nemcová R. The Application of Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617 and Flaxseed Positively Improved the Health of Mice Challenged with Enterotoxigenic E. coli O149:F4. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:937-951. [PMID: 31410766 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to monitor the effects of dietary synbiotics on experimentally infected mice. Sixty mice were divided into the following three groups: negative control group C1, positive control group C2 (mice infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:F4NAL), and experimental group LF (Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617RIF + 10% flaxseed + E. coli O149:F4NAL). Supplements were administered for 42 days. Microbiological, hematological, and biochemical analyses, electrophoretic analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, and analysis of fatty acids using gas chromatography and isotachophoresis were performed. We recorded higher numbers of jejunal and ileal lactic acid bacteria, lower Enterobacteriaceae counts in the feces of the animals, and an increased production of organic acids in the synbiotic-fed group. The supplements applied favored n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and inhibited n-6 PUFA metabolism; thus, they influenced the n-6 to n-3 and eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratios. Additionally, the incorporation of n-3 PUFAs to the cell membrane decreased the activity of LDH, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase. Results obtained in our study indicate the positive effect of continuous supplementation of combination of probiotic cheese enriched with L. reuteri CCM 8617RIF and crushed flaxseed on composition of intestinal microflora and alleviation of the course of infection induced by pathogenic bacterium E. coli O149:F4NAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Andrejčáková
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - D Sopková
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Vlčková
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Z Hertelyová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Gancarčíková
- Institute of Microbiology and Gnotobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Nemcová
- Institute of Microbiology and Gnotobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting the Phospholipid Fraction and the Total Fatty Acid Composition of Freeze-Dried Beef. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21124230. [PMID: 34203102 PMCID: PMC8233715 DOI: 10.3390/s21124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Research on fatty acids (FA) is important because their intake is related to human health. NIRS can be a useful tool to estimate the FA of beef but due to the high moisture and the high absorbance of water makes it difficult to calibrate the analyses. This work evaluated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to assess the total fatty acid composition and the phospholipid fraction of fatty acids of beef using freeze-dried meat. An average of 22 unrelated pure breed young bulls from 15 European breeds were reared on a common concentrate-based diet. A total of 332 longissimus thoracis steaks were analysed for fatty acid composition and a freeze-dried sample was subjected to near-infrared spectral analysis. 220 samples (67%) were used as a calibration set with the remaining 110 (33%) being used for validation of the models obtained. There was a large variation in the total FA concentration across the animals giving a good data set for the analysis and whilst the coefficient of variation was nearly 68% for the monounsaturated FA it was only 27% for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PLS method was used to develop the prediction models. The models for the phospholipid fraction had a low R2p and high standard error, while models for neutral lipid had the best performance, in general. It was not possible to obtain a good prediction of many individual PUFA concentrations being present at low concentrations and less variable than other FA. The best models were developed for Total FA, saturated FA, 9c18:1 and 16:1 with R2p greater than 0.76. This study indicates that NIRS is a feasible and useful tool for screening purposes and it has the potential to predict most of the FA of freeze-dried beef.
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Zaeem M, Nadeem M, Pham TH, Ashiq W, Ali W, Gillani SSM, Moise E, Elavarthi S, Kavanagh V, Cheema M, Galagedara L, Thomas R. Corn-Soybean Intercropping Improved the Nutritional Quality of Forage Cultivated on Podzols in Boreal Climate. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10051015. [PMID: 34069729 PMCID: PMC8161002 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intercropping systems could be a potential source of nutrient-rich forage production in cool climates on podzolic soils common in boreal ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of corn-soybean intercropping (IC) on the nutritional quality of forage. Two silage corn varieties were cultivated as monocropping (MC) or were intercropped with three forage soybean varieties using a randomized complete block design. IC significantly increased the crude protein (22%) and decreased the acid detergent (14%) and neutral detergent (6%) fibers. Forage net energy, total digestible nutrients, ash, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and relative feed value were also significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in the IC treatments compared to corn MC. The macro and micro nutrients were higher in IC than corn MC. Intercropping increased the omega 3 fatty acid (FA) contents (67%) compared to corn MC. IC also increased the active microbial community in the plant root zone, which may contribute to the improvement in forage nutritional quality because the active soil microbial community composition showed significant correlations with soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium contents of the forage. These results demonstrate that corn-soybean IC could be a suitable cropping system to increase the nutritional quality of forage cultivated on podzols in boreal climates. The resultant forage has the potential to be a source of high-value animal feed for livestock production in cool climate regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
- Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A2H 7E1, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Waqar Ashiq
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Waqas Ali
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Eric Moise
- Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL A2H 6J3, Canada;
| | - Sathya Elavarthi
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Delaware State University, 1200 N Dupont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - Vanessa Kavanagh
- Department of Fisheries, Land Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A0L 1K0, Canada;
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Lakshman Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (T.H.P.); (W.A.); (W.A.); (S.S.M.G.); (M.C.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.N.); (R.T.)
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Sun CH, Lee JS, Nejad JG, Kim WS, Lee HG. Effect of a Rumen-Protected Microencapsulated Supplement from Linseed Oil on the Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition in Korean Native Steers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051253. [PMID: 33925315 PMCID: PMC8145495 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In vitro and in vivo studies on the supplementation of rumen-protected microencapsulated fatty acid from linseed oil (MO) on rumen digestibility, physiological profile, growth performance, meat quality, and meat fatty acid profile in Korean native steers were conducted. The in vitro study showed that 3% MO is an optimal dose, as there were decreases in the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility at 48 h. Supplementation with 3% MO not only promotes growth performance but also enhances the omega-3 fatty acid concentration of meat in Korean native steers. Abstract We evaluated the effects of a rumen-protected microencapsulated supplement from linseed oil (MO) on ruminal fluid, growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in Korean native steers. In an in vitro experiment, ruminal fluid was taken from two fistulated Holstein dairy cows. Different levels of MO (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) were added to the diet. In an in vivo experiment, eight steers (average body weight = 597.1 ± 50.26 kg; average age = 23.8 ± 0.12 months) were assigned to two dietary groups, no MO (control) and MO (3% MO supplementation on a DM basis), for 186 days. The in vitro study revealed that 3% MO is an optimal dose, as there were decreases in the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility at 48 h (p < 0.05). The in vivo study showed increases in the feed efficiency and average daily gain in the 3% MO group compared to the control group on days 1 to 90 (p < 0.05). Regarding meat quality, the shear force produced by the longissimus thoracis muscle in steers from the 3% MO group was lower than that produced by the control group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, in terms of the fatty acid profile, higher concentrations of C22:6n3 were demonstrated in the subcutaneous fat and higher concentrations of C18:3n3, C20:3n3, and C20:5n3 were found in the intramuscular fat from steers fed with 3% MO (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that supplementation with 3% MO supplements improves the growth performance and meat quality modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid content of meat in Korean native steers.
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Yagoubi Y, Smeti S, Mekki I, Bertolín JR, Ripoll G, Joy M, Mahouachi M, Atti N. Fatty acid profile of muscles and adipose tissues of fat-tail Barbarine lambs as affected by rosemary residue intake. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 63:431-439. [PMID: 33473368 PMCID: PMC7810229 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-431-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rosemary distillation industry produces a considerable amount
of rosemary distillation residues (RRs), which can be an alternative for
feeding animals in harsh conditions and could enhance animal product
quality. Given the meat quality is largely influenced by its fat content and fatty acid composition, the fatty acid (FA) profiles of longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), semi-membranous (SM)
muscles, and caudal (CFs) and omental fats (OFs) were determined using 21 Barbarine lambs fed with or without RRs. Diets contained 600 g of concentrate plus 600 g of forage. Forage
represented oat hay, RR87 and RR60 pellets containing 87 % or 60 % of RR,
respectively. At the end of the study, all lambs were slaughtered, and the fatty acid profile was studied. The inclusion of RR increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
contents and reduced saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and the thrombogenic and
saturation indexes in all tissues. The SM muscle was the richest tissue in PUFAs, n-3 and n-6; however, both adipose tissues contained the highest proportions of SFAs. Especially the OF was the richest tissue in oleic acid and SFAs. Feeding RR to lambs enhanced meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yathreb Yagoubi
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisia, Animal and Forage Productions Laboratory, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Samir Smeti
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisia, Animal and Forage Productions Laboratory, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ilyes Mekki
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisia, Animal and Forage Productions Laboratory, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Centro de Investigacion y Technologia Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón - IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ripoll
- Centro de Investigacion y Technologia Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón - IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Centro de Investigacion y Technologia Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón - IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mokhtar Mahouachi
- Ecole Supérieure d'agriculture du Kef, University of Jendouba, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Atti
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisia, Animal and Forage Productions Laboratory, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
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Estimation of Fatty Acids in Intramuscular Fat of Beef by FT-MIR Spectroscopy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010155. [PMID: 33451004 PMCID: PMC7828561 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to estimate the fatty acid (FA) content of intramuscular fat from beef by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. Four diets were supplemented in 10% linseed (LS) and/or 2% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): CON (without L or CLA), LS, CLA, and LS+CLA. For each diet, 12 young Holstein bulls were allocated. The spectral response of the beef samples was analyzed applying FT-MIR spectroscopy (from 400 to 4000 cm−1) and predictive models were developed using partial least square regression with cross-validation. The obtained coefficients (R2) for some FA, such as α-linolenic acid with a R2 = 0.96 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) with R2 = 0.93, demonstrate that FT-MIR spectroscopy is a valid technique to estimate the content of FA. In addition, samples were correctly classified according to the animal diet using discriminant analysis in the region 3000–1000 cm−1. The obtained results suggest that the FT-MIR spectroscopy could be a viable technique for routine use in quality control because it provides fast and sustainable analysis of FA content. Furthermore, this technique allows the rapid estimation of the FA composition, specifically n-3 PUFA and CLA, of nutritional interest in meat. It also allows the classification of meat samples by the animal diet.
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Huang G, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zheng N, Zhao S, Liu K, Qu X, Yu J, Wang J. DHA content in milk and biohydrogenation pathway in rumen: a review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10230. [PMID: 33391862 PMCID: PMC7761261 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential human nutrient that may promote neural health and development. DHA occurs naturally in milk in concentrations that are influenced by many factors, including the dietary intake of the cow and the rumen microbiome. We reviewed the literature of milk DHA content and the biohydrogenation pathway in rumen of dairy cows aim to enhance the DHA content. DHA in milk is mainly derived from two sources: α-linolenic acid (ALA) occurring in the liver and consumed as part of the diet, and overall dietary intake. Rumen biohydrogenation, the lymphatic system, and blood circulation influence the movement of dietary intake of DHA into the milk supply. Rumen biohydrogenation reduces DHA in ruminal environmental and limits DHA incorporation into milk. The fat-1 gene may increase DHA uptake into the body but this lacks experimental confirmation. Additional studies are needed to define the mechanisms by which different dietary sources of DHA are associated with variations of DHA in milk, the pathway of DHA biohydrogenation in the rumen, and the function of the fat-1 gene on DHA supply in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Huang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, China
- Northeast Agricultural University, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kaizhen Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyin Qu
- Tianjin Mengde Groups Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Tianjin Mengde Groups Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, China
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Stanford K, Sultana H, He M, Dugan M, McAllister T. Effects of dietary flaxseed and vitamin E on fermentation, nutrient disappearance, fatty acid biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis using a simulated rumen (Rusitec). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two simulated rumens (Rusitecs) were used to assess the effects of flaxseed (FS) and (or) vitamin E (VE) on rumen fermentation, fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis. Ground FS replaced 0% or 15% of barley grain, along with VE at 0 or 1000 IU d−1 in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Flaxseed lowered neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.01) and increased (P = 0.001) nitrogen (N) disappearance. Flaxseed also increased (P = 0.01) total volatile FA and decreased (P = 0.001) acetate production. When both FS and VE were included, the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P = 0.04). Biohydrogenation of FA was not influenced by VE, but total FA and C18:0 in effluent were increased (P = 0.001) and C16:0 decreased (P = 0.001) by FS. With VE, total microbial N (MN) was increased (P = 0.001). In the concentrate, production of MN in feed-particle-bound bacteria was increased (P = 0.001) by VE. Vitamin E did not alter FA biohydrogenation but did promote MN production. The stable and relatively high pH in the Rusitec may have prevented the typical shift from C18:1 trans-11 to C18:1 trans-10 with concentrate diets. Future studies simulating subclinical acidosis in the Rusitec may illuminate ruminal mode(s) of action of VE on FA biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - H. Sultana
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M.L. He
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - M. Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1V7, Canada
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Jabalbarezi Hukerdi Y, Fathi Nasri M, Rashidi L, Ganjkhanlou M, Emami A. Supplementing kids diet with olive leaves: Effect on meat quality. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effect of Dietary Olive Cake Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071176. [PMID: 32664412 PMCID: PMC7401520 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The consumer’s liking of meat is measured in relation to color, intramuscular fat content, healthy composition of fatty acids, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and aroma; these qualitative characteristics, influencing the consumer’s choice, guide the market whose objective is to provide safe beef with high food characteristics. The use of agro-industrial co-products, containing appreciable amounts of vegetable oils, could be a feasible strategy to influence the quality of meat. In this study, the effect of the partially destoned olive cake supplementation on the performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of beef cattle was evaluated. The experiment was carried out on 45 Limousin bulls divided into three homogenous groups, fed with a diet containing 0%, 7.5%, and 15.0% of the olive cake. Results show that the olive cake supplementation influenced the animal performance, increased the tenderness of meat, the intramuscular fat content and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and essential fatty acids), affecting the meat quality indices and suggesting olive cake as a strategy for the sustainability of the animal food chain, rural economies, and environment, providing healthy animal products. Abstract Dietary partially destoned olive cake supplementation on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of intensively finished bulls was evaluated. Forty-five Limousin bulls, divided into three homogenous groups, received a diet with no supplementation (Control-CTR), 7.5% (Low Olive Cake-LOC), and 15.0% of olive cake supplementation (High Olive Cake-HOC). The trial was realized for 150 days; all bulls were individually weighed at the beginning, middle, and end of the trial, to calculate the individual average daily gain (ADG). At slaughtering, on each carcass, hot weight was recorded and, after 7 days, the pH and temperature were measured. On Longissimus lumborum muscle, color, cooking loss, and shear force of the cooked sample were determined. The chemical composition and the fatty acid content of muscle were determined. Olive cake inclusions (7.5% and 15.0%) increased (p < 0.05) the body weight, ADG, slaughter traits and intramuscular fat content and influenced (p < 0.05) the quality indices. The 15.0% of the inclusion reduced (p < 0.05) the cooking loss and shear force, and increased the unsaturated fatty acid content. The olive cake can be considered as a functional component in beef production and, in substitution to a quote of cereals into the diet of bulls, could be an opportunity to improve agriculture sustainability.
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Wolf C, Gredig N, Kreuzer M, Ulbrich SE, Berard J, Giller K. Preferential Partitioning of Rumen-Protected n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids into Functionally Different Adipose Tissues. Lipids 2020; 55:239-250. [PMID: 32219864 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are stored at various sites inside the body as adipose tissue (AT). These include subcutaneous, abdominal, and intermuscular locations. The AT substantially differ in their metabolic function. It is, however, unclear whether AT have specific requirements for individual essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA). If so, control mechanisms would partition FA from the blood. To investigate the hypothesis of a selective FA incorporation, 18 beef heifers were fed diets supplemented with 60 g/kg diet with lipids from either fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO). The lipids had partially been rumen-protected to ruminal biohydrogenation of n-3 and n-6 FA. The AT analyzed for n-3 and n-6 FA by gas chromatography were obtained from pericardial, longissimus thoracis (LT) intermuscular, perirenal, and subcutaneous sites. The greatest proportions of n-3 and n-6 FA were found in the pericardial AT. Despite generally low abundance, n-3 FA proportions increased with FO compared to SO supplementation in all AT, but to a different extent. No such partitioning was found for the n-6 FA when supplementing SO. Concomitantly, the n-6/n-3 FA ratio was reduced with FO in all AT, except in the pericardial AT. The latter has specific metabolic functions and thus appears to be quite resistant to diet-induced changes in FA profile in order to maintain its function. The present findings showed the special role of specific n-3 and n-6 FA in bovine AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wolf
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gredig
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Joël Berard
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, Lindau, 8315, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Bhatt R, Soni LK, Sahoo A, Gadekar Y, Sarkar S. Dietary supplementation of extruded linseed and calcium soap for augmenting meat attributes and fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis muscle and adipose tissue in finisher Malpura lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Mwangi FW, Charmley E, Gardiner CP, Malau-Aduli BS, Kinobe RT, Malau-Aduli AEO. Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics. Foods 2019; 8:E648. [PMID: 31817572 PMCID: PMC6963535 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the impact of tropical pasture grazing, nutritional supplementation during feedlot finishing and fat metabolism-related genes on beef cattle performance and meat-eating traits is presented. Grazing beef cattle on low quality tropical forages with less than 5.6% crude protein, 10% soluble starches and 55% digestibility experience liveweight loss. However, backgrounding beef cattle on high quality leguminous forages and feedlot finishing on high-energy diets increase meat flavour, tenderness and juiciness due to improved intramuscular fat deposition and enhanced mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper also reviews the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase genes and correlations with meat traits. The review argues that backgrounding of beef cattle on Desmanthus, an environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legume that can persistently survive under harsh tropical and subtropical conditions, has the potential to improve animal performance. It also identifies existing knowledge gaps and research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of grazing nutrition, feedlot finishing performance, and carcass traits of northern Australian tropical beef cattle to enable red meat industry players to work on marbling, juiciness, tenderness and overall meat-eating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista W. Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Edward Charmley
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Mail Bag Aitkenvale, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Christopher P. Gardiner
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Robert T. Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
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Campos JR, Severino P, Ferreira CS, Zielinska A, Santini A, Souto SB, Souto EB. Linseed Essential Oil - Source of Lipids as Active Ingredients for Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4537-4558. [PMID: 30378485 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181031105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Linseed - also known as flaxseed - is known for its beneficial effects on animal health attributed to its composition. Linseed comprises linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, various dietary fibers and lignans, which are beneficial to health because they reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer, decreasing the levels of cholesterol and relaxing the smooth muscle cells in arteries increasing the blood flow. Essential fatty acids from flax participate in several metabolic processes of the cell, not only as structuring components of the cell membrane but also as storage lipids. Flax, being considered a functional food, can be consumed in a variety of ways, including seeds, oil or flour, contributing to basic nutrition. Several formulations containing flax are available on the market in the form of e.g. capsules and microencapsulated powders having potential as nutraceuticals. This paper revises the different lipid classes found in flaxseeds and their genomics. It also discusses the beneficial effects of flax and flaxseed oil and their biological advantages as ingredients in pharmaceuticals and in nutraceuticals products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia Severino
- Biotechnology Industrial Program, Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMed), University of Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Classius S Ferreira
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Zielinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Braga Hospital, Sete Fontes, 4710-243 Sao Victor Braga, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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dos Santos FM, de Araújo GGL, de Souza LL, Yamamoto SM, Queiroz MAÁ, Lanna DPD, de Moraes SA. Impact of water restriction periods on carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot lambs in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Meat Sci 2019; 156:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Wolf C, Gredig N, Ulbrich SE, Kreuzer M, Berard J, Giller K. Partitioning of Rumen-Protected n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids is Organ-Specific in Growing Angus Heifers. Lipids 2019; 54:503-517. [PMID: 31410851 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA), play an important role in the regulation of FA metabolism in all mammals. However, FA metabolism differs between different organs, suggesting a distinct partitioning of highly relevant FA. For the present study in cattle, a novel technology was applied to overcome rumen biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA. Angus heifers were fed a straw-based diet supplemented for 8 weeks with 450 g/day of rumen-protected oil, either from fish (FO) or sunflower (SO). The FA composition in blood and five important organs, namely heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, was examined. In blood, proportions of polyunsaturated FA were increased by supplementing FO compared to SO. The largest increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) proportion was found with FO instead of SO in the kidney, the lowest in the lung. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased more in the liver than in kidney, lung, and spleen. The heart incorporated seven times more EPA than DHA, which is more than all other organs and described here for the first time in ruminants. In addition, the heart had the highest proportions of α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) of all organs. The proportions of polyunsaturated FA in the lung and spleen were exceptionally low compared to heart, liver, and kidney. In conclusion, it was shown that the response to FO in the distribution of dietary n-3 FA was organ-specific while proportions of n-6 FA were quite inert with respect to the type of oil supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wolf
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gredig
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Berard
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bacs Z, Szabo K, Czegledi L, Nemeth J, Fraknoi P, Kovacs P, Javor A, Varga B, Juhasz B, Szilvassy Z. Effect of broth from meat of linseed‐fed cattle on glucose‐stimulated insulin release in healthy male volunteers. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:769-773. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Bacs
- Faculty of Economics and Business AdministrationUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Levente Czegledi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Jozsef Nemeth
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Peter Fraknoi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Internal Medicine Building AUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Andras Javor
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Balazs Varga
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
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Beak SH, Lee Y, Lee EB, Kim KH, Kim JG, Bok JD, Kang SK. Study on the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and neutral lipid in Hanwoo beef and their relationship to genetic variation. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:69-76. [PMID: 31333864 PMCID: PMC6582934 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maize which has very high omega-6 fatty acid content has been used as a main feed
grain for Hanwoo beef production to increase marbling, and thus omega-6 to
omega-3 fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef is expected to be biased. To elucidate
the current status of omega fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef, fatty acid
profiles of neutral lipid and phospholipid fraction were analyzed separately
using 55 Hanwoo steers’ longissimus dorsi muscle
slaughtered at Pyeongchang, Korea from Oct. to Nov. 2015. In addition, an
association study was conducted to evaluate associations between single
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from references and omega fatty acid
profiles in phospholipid of Hanwoo beef samples using analysis of variance
(ANOVA). In neutral lipid fraction, composition of saturated and monounsaturated
fatty acids was higher and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower compared to
those in phospholipid fraction. The mean n-6/n-3 ratios of Hanwoo were 56.059
± 16.180 and 26.811 ± 6.668 in phospholipid and neutral lipid,
respectively. There were three SNPs showing statistically significant
associations with omega fatty acid content. GA type of rs41919985 in fatty acid
synthase (FASN) was significantly associated with the highest amount of C20:5
n-3 (p = 0.031). CC type of rs41729173 in fatty
acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was significantly associated with the lowest
amount of C22:2n-6 (p = 0.047). AG type of rs42187261 in
FADS1 was significantly linked to the lowest concentration of C20:4 n-6
(p = 0.044). The total n-6/n-3 ratio of the steer
which has all four SNP types in above loci (27.905) was much lower than the mean
value of the total n-6/n-3 ratio in phospholipid of the 55 Hanwoo steers (56.059
± 16.180). It was found that phospholipid and neutral lipid of Hanwoo
have very high n-6/n-3 ratios compared to the reported data from different cow
breeds. Four SNPs in genes related with fatty acid metabolism showed significant
associations with the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and may have potential
as SNP markers to select Hanwoo steers in terms of n-6/n-3 balance in the
future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, HanKyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Eun Bi Lee
- Institute of Eco-friendly Economic Livestock, Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Institute of Eco-friendly Economic Livestock, Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jong Geun Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Institute of Eco-friendly Economic Livestock, Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jin Duck Bok
- Institute of Eco-friendly Economic Livestock, Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Institute of Eco-friendly Economic Livestock, Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Pérez-Palacios T, Ruiz-Carrascal J, Solomando JC, Antequera T. Strategies for Enrichment in ω-3 Fatty Acids Aiming for Healthier Meat Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1584817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Pérez-Palacios
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IproCar), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Carrascal
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IproCar), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Solomando
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IproCar), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Teresa Antequera
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IproCar), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Carranza Martin AC, Coleman DN, Garcia LG, Furnus CC, Relling AE. Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. III. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during finishing on performance, hypothalamus gene expression, and muscle fatty acids composition in lambs. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:5300-5310. [PMID: 30239813 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of feeding an enriched diet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to finishing lambs born from ewes supplemented either with or without EPA and DHA during late gestation on productive performance, muscle fatty acid (FA), and hypothalamus mRNA concentration of metabolic genes and hormone receptors. Lambs born from dams fed during the last 50 d of gestation either with a control diet containing 0.39% Ca salts of palmitic fatty acid distillate (C) or Ca salts enriched with EPA and DHA (PFA) were used. After weaning lambs (n = 70) were blocked by weight (BW) and used in a 2 × 2 factorial into 2 finishing diets containing 1.5% of C or PFA. The 2 factors were the ewe diet and the finishing diet. Lambs (37.9 ± 0.4 kg) were weighed and blood sampled for glucose and NEFA measurements at days 1, 14, 28, and 42. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily. At day 43, 14 females and 14 males were slaughtered, and hot carcass weight, body wall thickness, rib eye area, and FA composition of Longissumus thoracis muscle were evaluated. Female hypothalamuses were obtained and mRNA concentration of hormone receptors, neuropeptides, and their receptors was measured. Lambs born from PFA dams were heavier (P < 0.01). There was a time × finishing diet interaction for BW (P = 0.03), and lambs fed C had a greater BW. Lambs fed C had an increase in DMI (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in plasma glucose and NEFA concentration (P > 0.1). Lambs born from PFA dams had a greater concentration of C22:0 (P < 0.03). Lambs fed C had higher concentrations of C18:1c15 (P < 0.01), C17:0 (P < 0.09), C18:0 (P < 0.09), and n6/n3 (P < 0.01). Lambs fed PFA had greater concentration (P < 0.05) of C16:1, C22:1, C20:5, C22:5, C22:6, total n3 FA, and total EPA and DHA. There was a significant dam × finishing diet interaction (P ≤ 0.08) on mRNA concentration for MCR3, CCK-R, Cort-R, and CART. Lambs, which had the same treatment as their dams, showed lower overall mRNA concentration than those with different treatments between them and their dams. Lambs born from PFA ewes had lower concentration of MCR4 mRNA (P = 0.09) than C. Agouti-related peptides mRNA concentration was lower in lambs fed PFA (P = 0.06) than C. In conclusion, changes on lamb performance, muscle fatty acid composition, and metabolic neuropeptides depend not only on the lamb diet, but also on the dam diet during late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Carranza Martin
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | | | | | - Cecilia C Furnus
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mordenti AL, Brogna N, Canestrari G, Bonfante E, Eusebi S, Mammi LME, Giaretta E, Formigoni A. Effects of breed and different lipid dietary supplements on beef quality. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:619-627. [PMID: 30821084 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Focus of this study was to evaluate the most suitable breed/crossbred and the appropriate nutritional strategies to increase marbling in beef muscle and to improve its healthy properties, in particular the n-3 fatty acids content. One hundred and seventy-six heifers of three crossbreed commonly reared by Emilia-Romagna farmers: 48 Bleu Belge × Freisian (ITA), 48 Charolais × Aubrac (FRA), and 80 Angus (ANG) were used. Animals of each breed were randomly subdivided in two experimental groups that received two diets, differing for the dietary lipid source. Control group (C) received a basal diet containing protected vegetable fats, whereas treated one (T) received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.9 kg/head/day of extruded flaxseed. After slaughtering, a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected from each animal for meat quality analysis. Our results demonstrated that, in a shorter fattening period, ANG animals obtained the best dry matter intake, average daily gain and the best fattening scores. ITA and ANG meat presented the highest marbling scores. ANG breed had the highest amount of C18:1, the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio. The T animals, independently from breed, showed the highest amount of α-linolenic acid (ALA). In addition, ANG-T meat presented the highest ALA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio L Mordenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Nico Brogna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Canestrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Bonfante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Eusebi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Ludovica M E Mammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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46
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Flowers S, Hamblen H, Leal-Gutiérrez JD, Elzo MA, Johnson DD, Mateescu RG. Fatty acid profile, mineral content, and palatability of beef from a multibreed Angus-Brahman population. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4264-4275. [PMID: 30052995 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers demand meat that is both healthy and palatable, 2 attributes of meat that are affected by lipid content. Many cattle in the southern United States are Bos indicus influenced, as this improves the ability to survive and thrive in these subtropical regions. However, these animals tend to have leaner carcasses and less marbled meat products. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of percent Brahman genetics on carcass characteristics, palatability, fatty acids profile, and minerals content in LM of steers from a multibreed population ranging from 100% Angus to 100% Brahman. Breed effect was significant for birth weight (P = 0.0003), weaning weight (P < 0.0001), HCW (P < 0.0001), dressing percentage (P = 0.0008), ribeye area (P = 0.002), quality grade (P < 0.0001), and marbling score (P < 0.0001), and all these traits except dressing percentage decreased as the percentage of Brahman increased. Among palatability traits, breed group had a significant effect only on tenderness (TEND) and connective tissue (CT) scores (P < 0.0001). Least squares means decreased from Angus (5.75 ± 0.13 TEND score and 6.29 ± 0.14 CT score, respectively) to Brahman (4.84 ± 0.10 TEND score and 5.49 ± 0.11 CT score, respectively) as indicated by a significant linear effect. Breed group significantly affected the percentage of several individual fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but not monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The 100% Angus group had the highest percentage of SFA at 49.92%, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the SFA percentage in the 50%, 75%, and 100% Brahman breed groups. Brangus animals also had an increased SFA percentage compared with the 100% Brahman animals (P < 0.05). No significant effect was identified for the concentration of PUFA across the 6 breed groups (P = 0.14). Least squares means decreased from 100% Angus to 100% Brahman for concentration of total fat, SFA, and MUFA (g/mg meat). The concentration of magnesium (P < 0.0001), phosphorus (P = 0.06), and potassium (P = 0.06) increased as the percentage of Brahman increased. Our study shows that breed has a significant effect on the fatty acid profile of beef. Cattle with high Brahman percentage, which are characterized by lower marbled meat, will present a more favorable healthfulness profile with reduced content of SFA and MUFA but the same content of PUFA as purebred Angus animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Flowers
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Heather Hamblen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dwain D Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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47
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Wang X, Yan S, Shi B, Zhang Y, Guo X. Effects of concentrate supplementation on fatty acid composition and expression of lipogenic genes of meat and adipose tissues in grazing lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1547666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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48
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Nguyen DV, Malau-Aduli BS, Cavalieri J, Nichols PD, Malau-Aduli AE. Supplementation with plant-derived oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for lamb production. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 6:29-40. [PMID: 32734050 PMCID: PMC7386694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, an overview of the health benefits of omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and recent progress in using alpha linolenic acid (ALA) rich sources derived from oilseeds to enhance productive performance, n-3 PUFA profiles and sensory properties of lamb for human consumption is reviewed. Omega-3 LC-PUFA can prevent mental health issues and chronic human disorders including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. The median amount of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption is generally lacking in Western diets. More attention is now being paid to the use of innovative nutritional strategies to improve PUFA content in ruminants, which could subsequently increase the content of health-benefitting n-3 LC-PUFA for human consumption. The richest sources of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA are derived from marine products, while forage and oilseeds such as flaxseed, canola, and their oils are abundant in ALA. Numerous studies have shown that dietary ALA increases n-3 LC-PUFA levels of edible tissues. However, other studies concluded that ALA rich supplementation led to no differences in tissue FA profiles because of extensive biohydrogenation of dietary ALA, limited conversion from ALA to n-3 LC-PUFA and low incorporation of n-3 LC-PUFA into edible tissues. Generally, the inclusion of ALA rich sources in lamb diets potentially increases ALA content in lamb. It is proposed that supplementing ruminants with ALA-rich sources at or below 6% can promote n-3 PUFA profiles in lamb and is unlikely to have negative effects on feed intake, growth, carcass and sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don V. Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi 129909, Viet Nam
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - John Cavalieri
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, PO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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49
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Wang X, Wu T, Yan S, Shi B, Zhang Y, Guo X. Influence of pasture or total mixed ration on fatty acid composition and expression of lipogenic genes of longissimus thoracis and subcutaneous adipose tissues in Albas White Cashmere Goats. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1490632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Tiemei Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
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50
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Wærp HKL, Waters SM, McCabe MS, Cormican P, Salte R. RNA-seq analysis of bovine adipose tissue in heifers fed diets differing in energy and protein content. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201284. [PMID: 30235219 PMCID: PMC6147411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is no longer considered a mere energy reserve, but a metabolically and hormonally active organ strongly associated with the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Knowledge of adipose metabolic regulatory function is of great importance in cattle management, as it affects the efficiency and manner with which an animal converts feedstuff to milk, meat and fat. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating metabolism in bovine adipose tissue are still not fully elucidated. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated the analysis of metabolic function and regulation at the global gene expression level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets differing in protein and energy density level on gene expression in adipose tissue of growing replacement dairy heifers using next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Norwegian Red heifers were fed either a high- or low-protein concentrate (HP/LP) and a high- or low-energy roughage (HE/LE) diet from 3 months of age until confirmed pregnancy to give four treatments (viz, HPHE, HPLE, LPHE, LPLE) with different growth profiles. Subcutaneous adipose tissue sampled at 12 months of age was analyzed for gene expression differences using RNAseq. The largest difference in gene expression was found between LPHE and LPLE heifers, for which 1092 genes were significantly differentially expressed, representing an up-regulation of mitochondrial function, lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism as well as changes in the antioxidant system in adipose tissue of LPHE heifers. Differences between HPHE and HPLE heifers were much smaller, and dominated by genes representing NAD biosynthesis, as was the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) common to both HE-LE contrasts. Differences between HP and LP groups within each energy treatment were minimal. This study emphasizes the importance of transcriptional regulation of adipose tissue energy metabolism, and identifies candidate genes for further studies on early-stage obesity and glucose load in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde K. L. Wærp
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sinéad M. Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew S. McCabe
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Ragnar Salte
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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