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Akkewar AS, Mishra KA, Kamble MG, Kumar S, Dey J, Sethi KK. A mechanistic review on growing multiple therapeutic applications of lutein and its global market research. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38634408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid synthesized by plants and algae that has a beneficial effect on several biological processes and associated ailments. Its immediate application is in ophthalmology, where it significantly lowers the incidences of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also has anti-inflammatory action, treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts, and enhancement of visual contrast. To critically assess lutein biosynthesis, therapeutic applicability, and market research literature. We have discussed its theoretical frameworks, experimental evidence, limitations, as well as clinical trial results, and future research prospects. The literature for this review article was mined and compiled by collecting and analyzing articles from several databases, including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Patentscope, and ClinicalTrials.gov published until March 30, 2022. Patent publications were identified using the search terms like IC:(C07C67/56) AND EN_AB:(lutein) OR EN_TI:(lutein) OR EN_AB:(extraction) OR EN_TI:(process). According to the literature, lutein is an essential nutrient given that it cannot be synthesized in the human body and acts as an antioxidant, affecting AMD, diabetic retinopathy, Rheumatic diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Due to inadequate production and laborious extraction, lutein is expensive despite its high demand and applicability. Market research predicts a 6.3% compound annual growth rate for lutein by 2032. Optimizing lutein extraction for high yield and purity is necessary. Lutein has proven applicability in various ailments as well as cosmetics that can be developed as a candidate drug for various diseases discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sunil Akkewar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Km Abha Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Mahesh Gopichand Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Juhi Dey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Wang Y, Wu M, Xiang L, Liu S, Luo G, Lin Q, Xiao L. Association of Dietary Vitamin C Consumption with Serum Klotho Concentrations. Foods 2023; 12:4230. [PMID: 38231677 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is widely recognized as a protein that combats aging and possesses antioxidative characteristics, which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the consumption of dietary nutrients, particularly those rich in antioxidants, could be associated with serum Klotho concentrations. Dietary vitamin C is one of the critical nutrients that possesses antioxidant properties. Nonetheless, the association between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Aiming to evaluate the relationship between serum Klotho concentrations and dietary vitamin C consumption among Americans aged 40 to 79, we conducted a population-based study. METHODS From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2016, a grand total of 11,282 individuals who met the criteria were selected as eligible participants for the study. Serum Klotho concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit that is commercially available. Trained interviewers evaluated the consumption of dietary vitamin C in the diet through a 24-hour dietary recall technique. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the correlation between the consumption of dietary vitamin C in the diet and serum Klotho concentrations. Further examination was conducted using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to explore the non-linear correlation between dietary vitamin C consumption in the diet and serum Klotho concentrations. RESULTS After accounting for possible confounding factors, serum Klotho concentrations rose by 1.17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37%, 1.99%) with every standard deviation (SD) rise in dietary vitamin C consumption. With the first quintile of dietary vitamin C consumption as a reference, the percentage change of serum Klotho concentrations in the fifth quintile of dietary vitamin C consumption was 3.66% higher (95% CI: 1.05%, 6.32%). In older, normal-weight, and male participants, the subgroup analysis revealed a stronger correlation between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations. Analysis of RCS showed a linear positive association between dietary vitamin C consumption and the levels of serum Klotho concentrations. CONCLUSION The findings of this research indicate a strong and positive correlation between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations among the general adult population in the United States. Further studies are needed to validate the present findings and to explore specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Si Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, McClements DJ, Srinivasan R, Bashir K, Ramesh T, Lee J, Sathiyamoorthi E. Vitamin C fortification: need and recent trends in encapsulation technologies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1229243. [PMID: 37743910 PMCID: PMC10517877 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1229243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted role of vitamin C in human health intrudes several biochemical functions that are but not limited to antioxidant activity, homoeostasis, amino acid synthesis, collagen synthesis, osteogenesis, neurotransmitter production and several yet to be explored functions. In absence of an innate biosynthetic pathway, humans are obligated to attain vitamin C from dietary sources to maintain its optimal serum level (28 μmol/L). However, a significant amount of naturally occurring vitamin C may deteriorate due to food processing, storage and distribution before reaching to the human gastrointestinal tract, thus limiting or mitigating its disease combating activity. Literature acknowledges the growing prevalence of vitamin C deficiency across the globe irrespective of geographic, economic and population variations. Several tools have been tested to address vitamin C deficiency, which are primarily diet diversification, biofortification, supplementation and food fortification. These strategies inherit their own advantages and limitations. Opportunely, nanotechnology promises an array of delivery systems providing encapsulation, protection and delivery of susceptible compounds against environmental factors. Lack of clear understanding of the suitability of the delivery system for vitamin C encapsulation and fortification; growing prevalence of its deficiency, it is a need of the hour to develop and design vitamin C fortified food ensuring homogeneous distribution, improved stability and enhanced bioavailability. This article is intended to review the importance of vitamin C in human health, its recommended daily allowance, its dietary sources, factors donating to its stability and degradation. The emphasis also given to review the strategies adopted to address vitamin c deficiency, delivery systems adopted for vitamin C encapsulation and fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Field Application Specialist, PerkinElmer, New Delhi, India
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Amita Shakya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ramachandran Srinivasan
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST-FIST Sponsored Centre), MoES-Earth Science and Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies), Sathyabama Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Gouvarchinghaleh HE, Kiany F, Parastouei K, Alishiri G, Jafari NJ, Fooladi AAI, Pargar A, Ghazvini A, Mirnejad R, Raei M, Olounabadi AS, Babaei M, Heydari S, Rostami H, Shahriary A, Farnoosh G, Sobhani V, Mazhari MM, NajjarAsiabani F. The effects of functional foods mixture on inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:442. [PMID: 37408032 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been shown to affect nutritional recommendations. Some functional foods have been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of people with COVID-19. However, little is known about the impact of combining functional foods on disease control. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional foods mixture on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in patients with COVID-19. METHODS A randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in Baqiyatallah Al-Azam hospital in Tehran, Iran. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either a soup containing functional foods (n = 30) or a usual soup (control group) (n = 30). Participants' sociodemographic information was gathered using a general questionnaire. Blood levels of inflammatory markers and biochemical findings were assessed using standard protocols. RESULTS The results showed that soup containing functional foods was more effective in controlling serum levels of D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine than the control group (P < 0.05). Also, more significant improvement was found in the intervention group vs control group in terms of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, and tumor necrose factor-α (P < 0.05). In contrast, the control intervention more efficiently controlled potassium levels and reduced quantitative C-reactive protein than the intervention group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a soup containing functional foods could alleviate biomarkers of inflammation in patients with COVID-19. However, its effectiveness on biochemical findings remained inconclusive which warranted further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT, IRCT20180201038585N11. Registered 23 August 2021, https://www.irct.ir/trial/57338.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fateme Kiany
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhosein Alishiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Pargar
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazvini
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Babaei
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleyman Heydari
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Mazhari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad NajjarAsiabani
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sueyasu T, Yasumoto K, Tokuda H, Kaneda Y, Obata H, Rogi T, Izumo T, Kondo S, Saito J, Tsukiura T, Nakai M. Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Combination with Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2825. [PMID: 37447152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), as well as lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), can potentially improve brain function. However, the effect of a combination of these components (LCPUFAs + LZ) on memory function in healthy older individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if LCPUFAs + LZ-supplemented food could improve memory function. Exploratory and confirmatory trials (Trials 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted in healthy older Japanese individuals with memory complaints. We conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: placebo or LCPUFAs + LZ. LCPUFAs + LZ participants were provided with supplements containing ARA, DHA, EPA, L, and Z for 24 weeks in Trial 1 and 12 weeks in Trial 2. Memory functions were evaluated using Cognitrax before and after each trial. Combined analyses were performed for subgroups of participants with cognitive decline in Trials 1 and 2. The results showed that supplementation with LCPUFAs + LZ did not significantly affect memory function in healthy, non-demented, older individuals with memory complaints whereas it improved memory function in healthy, non-demented, older individuals with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Sueyasu
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yasumoto
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hisanori Tokuda
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kaneda
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hidenori Obata
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takayuki Izumo
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Sumio Kondo
- Fukushima Healthcare Center, Medical Corporation Kenshokai, 2-12-16, Tamagawa, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0044, Japan
| | - Jiro Saito
- Medical Station Clinic, 3-12-8, Takaban, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Cognitive, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakai
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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Molteni C, La Motta C, Valoppi F. Improving the Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Carotenoids by Means of Nanostructured Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101931. [PMID: 36290651 PMCID: PMC9598319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are bioactive compounds provided by the diet playing a key role in maintaining human health. Therefore, they should be ingested daily in an adequate amount. However, even a varied and well-balanced diet does not guarantee an adequate intake, as both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the compounds significantly affect their absorption. This review summarizes the main results achieved in improving the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids by means of nanostructured delivery systems, discussing in detail the available lipid-based and biopolymeric nanocarriers at present, with a focus on their formulation and functional efficiency. Although the toxicity profile of these innovative delivery systems is not fully understood, especially for long-term intake, these systems are an effective and valuable approach to increase the availability of compounds of nutritional interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Molteni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2219593
| | - Fabio Valoppi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PL 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PL 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Iddir M, Vahid F, Merten D, Larondelle Y, Bohn T. Influence of Proteins on the Absorption of Lipophilic Vitamins, Carotenoids and Curcumin - A Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200076. [PMID: 35506751 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While proteins have been widely used to encapsulate, protect, and regulate the release of bioactive food compounds, little is known about the influence of co-consumed proteins on the absorption of lipophilic constituents following digestion, such as vitamins (A, D, E, K), carotenoids, and curcumin. Their bioavailability is often low and very variable, depending on the food matrix and host factors. Some proteins can act as emulsifiers during digestion. Their liberated peptides have amphiphilic properties that can facilitate the absorption of microconstituents, by improving their transition from lipid droplets into mixed micelles. Contrarily, the less well digested proteins could negatively impinge on enzymatic accessibility to the lipid droplets, slowing down their processing into mixed micelles and entrapping apolar food compounds. Interactions with mixed micelles and proteins are also plausible, as shown earlier for drugs. This review focuses on the ability of proteins to act as effective emulsifiers of lipophilic vitamins, carotenoids, and curcumin during digestion. The functional properties of proteins, their chemical interactions with enzymes and food constituents during gastro-intestinal digestion, potentials and limitations for their use as emulsifiers are emphasized and data from human, animal, and in vitro trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg.,Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg
| | - Diane Merten
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg
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Singh AK, Karjee H, Ghosh S, Chatterjee J, Roy A. Spectropathologic endorsement of ocular carotenoids for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120676. [PMID: 34890873 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common health concern. Unfortunately, the metabolic pathway causing DR is yet to be understood. The carotenoid level in the human body is known to protect the health of the eyes. In this work, resonance Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of the spectral data of human serum are reported as next-generation spectropathologic tools to detect retinal degeneration efficiently. The proposed technique shows promise by endorsing ocular carotenoids as a critical biomarker for such pathosis. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis of the spectral data distinguishes between two different stages of the disease. The machine learning algorithm is used to estimate a significant accuracy of 94% of the proposed model for the classification. As the carotenoid level can be controlled by dietary intake, we believe that the reported results also indicate a therapeutic role of the same in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anang Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302, India
| | - Himadri Karjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata Pin 700014, India
| | - Sambuddha Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata Pin 700014, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302, India
| | - Anushree Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302, India.
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Jiang H, Fan Y, Li J, Wang J, Kong L, Wang L, Li Z, Ma M, Shi X, Liu S, Shi J, Zhu H, Liu X, Ma L. The Associations of Plasma Carotenoids and Vitamins With Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results From a Matched Case-Control Study in China and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:745390. [PMID: 35223939 PMCID: PMC8873933 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.745390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Data from studies support a beneficial effect of carotenoids and vitamins on an age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk. However, studies on the relations between blood levels of these nutrients and AMD are limited and provided conflicting results. The objective of this case-control study and meta-analysis was to examine whether the blood concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins were associated with the risk of AMD. Methods A total of 164 cases of AMD and an equal number of controls are individually matched according to age and gender among the participants, who provided blood samples in the Xi'an Eye Study. Plasma carotenoids and vitamins were measured using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Bonferroni-corrected covariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression were used to estimate AMD risk by category of these nutrients in the multivariable-adjusted model. Nine studies were identified for the meta-analysis and calculated pooled risk estimates by means of a random-effects model. Results Plasma concentrations of examined carotenoids and vitamins were significantly lower in patients with AMD than those in controls. Plasma concentrations of examined carotenoids and vitamins were significantly lower in patients with AMD than those in controls. After a multivariate adjustment for body mass index, blood cholesterol, and other lifestyle risk factors, higher lutein/zeaxanthin content in plasma was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AMD, and the odds ratio (OR) comparing the top and bottom tertiles was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.84; Ptrend = 0.024). Associations for β-carotenes (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.50; Ptrend < 0.001), and β-cryptoxanthin (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.39; Ptrend < 0.001) were similar to that for lutein/zeaxanthin. Inverse associations were also observed for a higher level of retinol (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.61; Ptrend = 0.006) and α-tocopherol (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.98; Ptrend = 0.006). In the meta-analysis, a protective effect was detected for AMD among the participants with high blood lutein/zeaxanthin level (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.72, P < 0.001), compared to those with low level. Similar inverse associations were seen for β-carotene (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.84, P = 0.010), β-cryptoxanthin (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23, 1, P = 0.049), lycopene (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.90, P = 0.006) and α-tocopherol (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.81, P = 0.005). Conclusions Results of the case-control study were consistent with findings from the meta-analysis, indicating that higher concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins were inversely associated with the AMD risk. Our finding supports the current notion that these nutrients are likely to affect the development of AMD and may help to refine the strategies for the prevention of age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yahui Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyun Kong
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaofang Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - XiaoHong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- XiaoHong Liu
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Le Ma
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10
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Chen X, Deng Z, Zheng L, Zhang B, Luo T, Li H. Interaction between Flavonoids and Carotenoids on Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Cellular Uptake in Different Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123096. [PMID: 34945647 PMCID: PMC8701200 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin) and carotenoids (lycopene, lutein) were combined at different molecular ratios in a total concentration of 8 μM to investigate their antioxidant interactions. Cellular uptake of carotenoids, the expression of carotenoid transporters, the ROS scavenging ability, and antioxidant enzymes activities were compared in HUVEC, Caco-2, and L-02 cells. Combinations with flavonoids in the majority showed stronger antioxidant activity. Lycopene combined with quercetin at ratio 1:5 showed stronger ROS scavenging activities, increased 18, 12, and 12 Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) units in HUVEC, Caco-2, and L-02 cells, respectively, and promoted SOD and CAT activities than individual component. The cell uptake of carotenoids was enhanced by flavonoids in antioxidant synergistic groups, while dampened by flavonoids in antagonistic groups in HUVEC cells. The synergistic group (lycopene:quercetin = 1:5) increased lycopene uptake by 271%, while antagonistic group (lutein:quercetin = 5:1) decreased lutein uptake by 17%. Flavonoids modulated the effects of carotenoids on the expression of active transporters scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) or Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1). The synergistic group (lycopene:quercetin = 1:5) increased the expression of SR-BI compared to individual lycopene treatment in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. Thus, a diet rich in both flavonoids and lycopene possesses a great antioxidant activity, especially if a higher amount of flavonoids is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.C.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (B.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.C.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (B.Z.); (T.L.)
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.C.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (B.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.C.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (B.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.C.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (B.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.C.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (B.Z.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-88314447-8226; Fax: +86-791-88304402
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11
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Tanito M. Reported evidence of vitamin E protection against cataract and glaucoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:100-119. [PMID: 34695546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of severe visual loss and blindness in older adults. This review article describes the currently available basic and clinical evidence regarding vitamin E protection against these eye diseases in the chronologic order of the publications. Experimental evidence has suggested both that oxidative stress due to the accumulation of free radicals plays a role in the pathogenesis of cataracts and glaucoma and that the process can be prevented or ameliorated by vitamin E. The results of observational studies have been inconsistent regarding the association between blood vitamin E levels and the risk of age-related cataract or glaucoma. Despite the encouraging effects of vitamin E from case series, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies in humans, the effects on cataract formation and/or progression have not been consistent among prospective and randomized control studies; few randomized control studies have tested the effects of supplemental vitamin E on glaucoma development or progression. Given the high prevalence of cataract and glaucoma in the elderly population, even a modest reduction in the risk for these eye diseases would potentially have a substantial public health impact; however, the potential benefits of vitamin E on cataract or glaucoma remain inconclusive and need to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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12
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Gao Q, Eshak ES, Muraki I, Shirai K, Yamagishi K, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. The apparent inverse association between dietary carotene intake and risk of cardiovascular mortality disappeared after adjustment for other cardioprotective dietary intakes: The Japan collaborative cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3064-3075. [PMID: 34629253 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An effect of dietary carotenes on risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether the association between dietary carotenes intake and risk of CVD mortality will persist after controlling for the intakes of potential cardioprotective dietary factors that correlate with dietary alpha- and/or beta-carotenes. METHODS AND RESULTS We followed up a total of 58,646 Japanese between 1988 and 1990 and 2009. We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine the dietary intakes of carotenes, and estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD mortality in relation to carotene intake by the proportional hazard regression developed by David Cox. During 965,970 person-years of follow-up (median 19.3 years), we identified 3388 total CVD deaths. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, dietary intakes of alpha-carotene were significantly associated with the reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD); adjusted HR (95% CI) in the highest versus lowest quintiles of intake was 0.75 (0.58-0.96; P-trend = 0.02) and dietary intakes of beta-carotene were significantly associated with the reduced risk of mortality from CVD, CHD, and other CVD; adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 0.88 (0.79-0.98; P-trend = 0.04), 0.78 (0.61-0.99; P-trend = 0.01), and 0.81 (0.67-0.98; P-trend = 0.04), respectively. However, after further adjusting for the dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, vitamins C, E, or K, these associations disappeared. CONCLUSIONS -Dietary alpha- and beta-carotene intakes were not associated with risk of CVD mortality after controlling for intakes of other potential cardioprotective nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Shalaby land, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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13
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Collie JTB, Greaves RF, Jones OAH, Eastwood G, Bellomo R. Vitamin C measurement in critical illness: challenges, methodologies and quality improvements. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:460-470. [PMID: 31829967 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background There is renewed interest in high-dose vitamin C interventions in clinical medicine due to its antioxidant properties, safe use and cost-effectiveness. Yet, randomised control trials (RCTs) employing these interventions are failing to include robust analytical methodology and proper sample handling and processing techniques. Consequently, comparisons between studies becomes impossible as there is no metrological traceability and results may be prone to pre-analytical errors. Content Through published vitamin C stability studies, method comparison papers and data from vitamin C external quality assurance programs, an assessment was made on the functionality of current methods for critically ill patient samples. Summary Data was obtained from two external quality assurance programs, two papers assessing sample stability and interlaboratory agreement and a publication on vitamin C method comparisons. A shift from spectrophotometric and enzymatic methodologies to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) greatly improved the variability and interlaboratory agreement. Therefore, the current analytical performance of vitamin C HPLC methodologies are acceptable for the requirements of a high-dose vitamin C RCTs. Outlook Recommendations across the total testing process of vitamin C have been provided to improve the quality of the results. The harmonisation of sample handling and processing procedures will further improve the reliability of current analytical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T B Collie
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Dorevitch Pathology, Heidelberg, Australia
- RCPAQAP - Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists Vitamins Advisory Committee, Alexandria, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- RCPAQAP - Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists Vitamins Advisory Committee, Alexandria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn Eastwood
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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14
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Jungert A, Neuhäuser-Berthold M. Interrelation between Plasma Concentrations of Vitamins C and E along the Trajectory of Ageing in Consideration of Lifestyle and Body Composition: A Longitudinal Study over Two Decades. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2944. [PMID: 32992851 PMCID: PMC7599873 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the interrelation between vitamins C and E has been demonstrated on an experimental level, its impact on biomarkers in community-dwelling subjects along the trajectory of ageing has not yet been shown. The present longitudinal study investigates the determinants and interrelation of vitamins C and E plasma concentrations in 399 subjects aged ≥60 years with a median follow-up time of 12 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the influence of age, sex, body composition, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking and supplement/drug use on plasma vitamin C, plasma α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio. At baseline, median plasma concentrations of vitamin C and α-tocopherol were 74 and 35 µmol/L. Absolute fat-free mass, physical activity, use of supplements, and plasma α-tocopherol were main determinants of plasma vitamin C in the course of ageing. For the α-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio, age, use of supplements, use of lipid-modifying drugs, and plasma vitamin C were main determinants. The results reveal a stable positive interrelation between plasma concentrations of vitamins C and E along the trajectory of ageing independent of the other identified determinants. The possible regulatory mechanisms that could explain this robust positive interrelation remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jungert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University, Goethestr. 55, D−35390 Giessen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26−32, D−35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University, Goethestr. 55, D−35390 Giessen, Germany;
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15
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Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Hurtado-Barroso S, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Lamuela-Raventós RM. A review of factors that affect carotenoid concentrations in human plasma: differences between Mediterranean and Northern diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 72:18-25. [PMID: 30487559 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments of autotroph organisms that have been related to many health benefits and this is not only because some of them are precursors of vitamin A. Individual or whole carotenoid consumption has been associated with a lower risk of developing cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases among others. However, the blood levels of carotenoids vary largely from person to person due to different factors. Diet is the most important one because of the dietary patterns that different populations follow, the time of the year of consumption or the personal preferences. Nevertheless, the intrinsic host factors such as the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion genetic polymorphisms, the volume of distribution and the person's microbiota and others such as carotenoid interactions are also inducing this so called inter-individual variability. Besides, culinary methods and processing produce changes in the foods that directly affect carotenoid content and hence their blood profile. Different types of studies have been performed to understand the between-subject variation of the carotenoid profile in human plasma. This research is focused on this matter as levels of carotenoids in human plasma could be useful for the prediction of some diseases. The Mediterranean diet is probably the most carotenoid rich diet stemming from its high proportion of fruits and vegetables. Its differences with other diets and the effect on the carotenoid blood profile of the consumers are currently a very interesting topic of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marhuenda-Muñoz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centres in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Estévez-Santiago R. Dietary β-Cryptoxanthin and α-Carotene Have Greater Apparent Bioavailability Than β-Carotene in Subjects from Countries with Different Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2639. [PMID: 32872544 PMCID: PMC7551262 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin are greater contributors to vitamin A intake than retinol in the human diet for most people around the world. Their contribution depends on several factors, including bioavailability and capacity of conversion into retinol. There is an increasing body of research showing that the use of retinol activity equivalents or retinol equivalents could lead to the underestimation of the contribution of β-cryptoxanthin and of α-carotene. The aim is to assess their apparent bioavailability by comparing concentrations in blood to their dietary intakes and identifying the major food contributors to their dietary intake. Dietary intake (3-day 24-h records) and serum concentrations (by HPLC) were calculated in normolipemic subjects with adequate retinol status (≥1.1 µmol/L) from our studies (n = 633) and apparent bioavailability calculated from 22 other studies (n = 29,700). Apparent bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of concentration in the blood to carotenoid intake. Apparent bioavailabilities for α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were compared to those for β-carotene. Eating comparable amounts of α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene foods resulted in 55% greater α-carotene (95% CI 35, 90) and 686% higher β-cryptoxanthin (95% CI 556, 1016) concentrations than β-carotene in blood. This suggests differences in the apparent bioavailability of α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin and even larger differences with β-cryptoxanthin, greater than that of β-carotene. Four fruits (tomato, orange, tangerine, red pepper) and two vegetables (carrot, spinach) are the main contributors to their dietary intake (>50%) in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Estévez-Santiago
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Faculty of Experimental Science, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Noguchi M, Kitakaze T, Kobayashi Y, Mukai K, Harada N, Yamaji R. β-Cryptoxanthin Improves p62 Accumulation and Muscle Atrophy in the Soleus Muscle of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 1 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082180. [PMID: 32708051 PMCID: PMC7468743 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of β-cryptoxanthin on skeletal muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 1 (SAMP1) mice. For 15 weeks, SAMP1 mice were intragastrically administered vehicle or β-cryptoxanthin. At 35 weeks of age, the skeletal muscle mass in SAMP1 mice was reduced compared with that in control senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. β-cryptoxanthin increased muscle mass with an increase in the size of muscle fibers in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice. The expressions of autophagy-related factors such as beclin-1, p62, LC3-I, and LC3-II were increased in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice; however, β-cryptoxanthin administration inhibited this increase. Unlike in SAMR1 mice, p62 was punctately distributed throughout the cytosol in the soleus muscle fibers of SAMP1 mice; however, β-cryptoxanthin inhibited this punctate distribution. The cross-sectional area of p62-positive fiber was smaller than that of p62-negative fiber, and the ratio of p62-positive fibers to p62-negative fibers was increased in SAMP1 mice. β-cryptoxanthin decreased this ratio in SAMP1 mice. Furthermore, β-cryptoxanthin decreased the autophagy-related factor expression in murine C2C12 myotube. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1, but not the proteasome inhibitor MG132, inhibited the β-cryptoxanthin-induced decrease in p62 and LC3-II expressions. These results indicate that β-cryptoxanthin inhibits the p62 accumulation in fibers and improves muscle atrophy in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Noguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Katsuyuki Mukai
- Daicel Corporation, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan;
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-722-54-9453
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18
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Rowe S, Carr AC. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2008. [PMID: 32640674 PMCID: PMC7400810 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained through the diet in adequate amounts to prevent hypovitaminosis C, deficiency and its consequences-including the potentially fatal deficiency disease scurvy. Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency has not previously been reported, despite vitamin C's pleiotropic roles in both non-communicable and communicable disease. This review highlights the global literature on vitamin C status and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency. Related dietary intake is reported if assessed in the studies. Overall, the review illustrates the shortage of high quality epidemiological studies of vitamin C status in many countries, particularly low- and middle-income countries. The available evidence indicates that vitamin C hypovitaminosis and deficiency is common in low- and middle-income countries and not uncommon in high income settings. Further epidemiological studies are required to confirm these findings, to fully assess the extent of global vitamin C insufficiency, and to understand associations with a range of disease processes. Our findings suggest a need for interventions to prevent deficiency in a range of at risk groups and regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Rowe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK;
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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19
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Carr AC, Rowe S. Factors Affecting Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Global Health Perspective. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1963. [PMID: 32630245 PMCID: PMC7400679 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent review of global vitamin C status has indicated a high prevalence of deficiency, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, as well as in specific subgroups within high-income countries. Here, we provide a narrative review of potential factors influencing vitamin C status globally. The in vivo status of vitamin C is primarily affected by dietary intake and supplement use, with those who supplement having a higher mean status and a lower prevalence of deficiency. Dietary intake can be influenced by cultural aspects such as traditional cooking practices and staple foods, with many staple foods, such as grains, contributing negligible vitamin C to the diet. Environmental factors can also affect vitamin C intake and status; these include geographic region, season, and climate, as well as pollution, the latter partly due to enhanced oxidative stress. Demographic factors such as sex, age, and race are known to affect vitamin C status, as do socioeconomic factors such as deprivation, education and social class, and institutionalization. Various health aspects can affect vitamin C status; these include body weight, pregnancy and lactation, genetic variants, smoking, and disease states, including severe infections as well as various noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Some of these factors have changed over time; therefore, we also explore if vitamin C status has shown temporal changes. Overall, there are numerous factors that can affect vitamin C status to different extents in various regions of the world. Many of these factors are not taken into consideration during the setting of global dietary intake recommendations for vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Sam Rowe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK;
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20
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Melliez H, Prost M, Behal H, Neveux N, Benoist JF, Kim I, Mazzella S, Derdour V, Sauser E, Robineau O, Senneville E, Cynober L, Biekre R, Seguy D. Hypervitaminosis A is associated with immunological non-response in HIV-1-infected adults: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:2091-2098. [PMID: 32607910 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For people living with HIV, determinants of immunological non-response (INR) to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) have not been fully elucidated. In a case-control study, we evaluated the influence of the nutritional and antioxidant status in HIV-1 adults whose cART was initiated between January 2001 and December 2013. Cases had persistent CD4 counts < 350/μL vs. > 350/μL for controls, after at least 2 years of cART with persistent viral loads (VL) < 50 copies/mL. Twelve cases and twenty-eight control subjects with the same CD4 count at cART initiation were compared for their nutritional and antioxidant status after age adjustment at dosage assessment. Patients were predominantly male (70%), Caucasian (82%) and at AIDS stage (62%). The median age was 53, and the median CD4 count was 245/mm3 for cases and 630/mm3 for controls after a median time of 7 years on cART. Despite higher energy intakes in cases, anthropometric data was comparable between groups who had similar vitamins B9/B12/C/D/E, zinc, citrulline and glutamine levels. Nine cases (75%) and 8 controls (29%) had hypervitaminosis A (> 2.70 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). Cases had lower erythrocyte resistance when exposed to a controlled free radical attack (p = 0.014). Most cases had hypervitaminosis A and altered antioxidant capacities that could affect immunological response. Wide-scale studies are required, but in the meantime, screening of their vitamin A status must be encouraged in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Melliez
- Hôpital Gustave Dron, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, Tourcoing, France. .,Hôpital de la région de Saint-Omer, Service de médecine interne, Helfaut, France.
| | | | - Hélène Behal
- CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP et Service de Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Biochimie hormonologie, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré APHP, Paris, France.,Lip (Sys)2, Université Paris-Sud, Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Kim
- Centre de Pathologies-Biologie, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Mazzella
- Hôpital Gustave Dron, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, Tourcoing, France
| | - Vincent Derdour
- Hôpital Gustave Dron, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, Tourcoing, France
| | - Evelyne Sauser
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, CH Dron, Tourcoing, France
| | - Olivier Robineau
- Hôpital Gustave Dron, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, Tourcoing, France
| | - Eric Senneville
- Hôpital Gustave Dron, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, Tourcoing, France
| | - Luc Cynober
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP et Service de Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Biekre
- Hôpital Gustave Dron, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, Tourcoing, France
| | - David Seguy
- U1286 - Infinite - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Inserm, U1286, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Maladies Métabolique et Nutrition, F-59000, Lille, France
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Widomska J, SanGiovanni JP, Subczynski WK. Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051333. [PMID: 32392888 PMCID: PMC7284714 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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Liu J, Zhan S, Jia Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Dong Y, Tang G, Li L, Zhai Y, Cao Z. Retinol and α-tocopherol in pregnancy: Establishment of reference intervals and associations with CBC. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e12975. [PMID: 32141189 PMCID: PMC7296784 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Profound physiological changes during pregnancy may affect the requirement of retinol and tocopherol, which are essential micronutrients for the maintenance of maternal health and foetal development. However, the current reference intervals (RIs) of retinol and tocopherol are based on non‐pregnant population. In the present study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantitation method for serum retinol and α‐tocopherol was established and validated. In addition, we established trimester‐specific RIs of retinol and α‐tocopherol using the data from paired screening test for 31,301 outpatients who participated in the prenatal vitamins A/E evaluation program at our hospital using the Hoffmann method, which is a simple indirect RI estimation method that does not require the recruitment of healthy subjects. Further, to explore the associations between the levels of retinol and α‐tocopherol and the parameters of complete blood count (CBC), the results of retinol, α‐tocopherol, and CBC of 1,977 pregnant outpatients in the third trimester were analysed. The testing interval between the levels of vitamins and CBC was no more than 7 days. Although no significant changes were noticed in the levels of retinol, the α‐tocopherol levels continuously increased with normal physiological changes throughout pregnancy. Lower retinol levels were associated with the higher incidence of anaemia, whereas higher levels of retinol and lower levels of α‐tocopherol were associated with higher platelet count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sien Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youran Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Albahrani A, Greaves RF, Ward G, Fitzpatrick M, Harrower T. Vitamin A and E gender and age stratification in adults. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:e79-e82. [PMID: 31603852 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Albahrani
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,RCPAQAP-Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists, Vitamins Advisory Committee, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Greg Ward
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Fitzpatrick
- RCPAQAP-Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists, Vitamins Advisory Committee, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamantha Harrower
- RCPAQAP-Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists, Vitamins Advisory Committee, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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25
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Weber D, Kochlik B, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Grune T, Norman K. Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol - Association with age in the Berlin Aging Study II. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101461. [PMID: 32086165 PMCID: PMC7030983 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, which is related to high plasma levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols, is linked to lower incidences of various age-related diseases. Differences in lipid-soluble micronutrient blood concentrations seem to be associated with age. Our retrospective analysis included men and women aged 22-37 and 60-85 years from the Berlin Aging Study II. Participants with simultaneously available plasma samples and dietary data were included (n = 1973). Differences between young and old groups were found for plasma lycopene, α-carotene, α-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin (only in women), and γ-tocopherol (only in men). β-Carotene, retinol and lutein/zeaxanthin did not differ between young and old participants regardless of the sex. We found significant associations for lycopene, α-carotene (both inverse), α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and β-carotene (all positive) with age. Adjusting for BMI, smoking status, season, cholesterol and dietary intake confirmed these associations, except for β-carotene. These micronutrients are important antioxidants and associated with lower incidence of age-related diseases, therefore it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to implement dietary strategies for the prevention of age-related diseases. To explain the lower lycopene and α-carotene concentration in older subjects, bioavailability studies in older participants are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Germany; University Medicine Greifswald and Kreiskrankenhaus Wolgast, Altersmedizinisches Zentrum, 17438 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristina Norman
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Geriatrics Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany; Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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26
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Unno K, Noda S, Nii H, Kawasaki Y, Iguchi K, Yamada H. Anti-stress Effect of β-Cryptoxanthin in Satsuma Mandarin Orange on Females. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1402-1408. [PMID: 31366875 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cryptoxanthin (β-CRX, (3R)-β, β-caroten-3-ol) is an oxygenated carotenoid and a potent antioxidant that is abundant in Satsuma mandarin orange (Citrus unshiu MARC.), which is the most popular fruit in Japan. Since our preliminary data suggested that the ingestion of β-CRX had an anti-stress effect in female participants, the effect was evaluated in another set of female participants. The study design was a double-blind group comparison and participants (n = 23) were randomly assigned to β-CRX-rich orange juice or placebo (β-CRX was removed from orange juice) groups. β-CRX or placebo juice (125 mL, after breakfast) were consumed from 1 week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 5 d into the practice period. Salivary α-amylase activity (sAA), a marker of sympathetic nervous system activity, was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning in the placebo-group during pharmacy practice, but not in the β-CRX-group. This result supports the anti-stress effect of β-CRX. The dose-dependency of β-CRX was observed in male mice that were loaded with stress. These results indicate that the ingestion of β-CRX is helpful to reduce stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Tea Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Shigenori Noda
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hirohiko Nii
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Elvira-Torales LI, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070229. [PMID: 31330977 PMCID: PMC6681007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, Tierra Blanca 95180, Mexico.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Vitamin C demand is increased after total knee arthroplasty: a double-blind placebo-controlled-randomized study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:1182-1188. [PMID: 29955932 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to determine whether perioperative supplementation of vitamin C (VC) improves range of motion (ROM) and reduces the risk of arthrofibrosis (AF) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Ninety-five patients undergoing TKA were randomized to either oral VC (1000 mg daily) or placebo for 50 days (48 VC group, 47 placebo group). The effect of VC supplementation was tested on ROM, AF, WOMAC, FJS-12, and VC plasma concentrations (VCc). VCc were analyzed in both patient groups before surgery, 4 and 7 days after surgery. RESULTS ROM at 1 year was not different between study groups. The prevalence of AF was 5 of 48 (10.4%) in the VC group compared to 11 of 47 (23.4%) in the placebo group (p = 0.09). VCc decreased post-operatively in the placebo group (49-12 µmol/l on day 7, p < 0.001), but not in the VC group (53-57 µmol/l). Patients with a perioperative drop of VCc ≥ 30 µmol/l developed significantly more AF at 1 year compared to patients with a VCc drop of < 30 µmol/l (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS TKA results in VC depletion. Perioperative VC supplementation prevents VCc drop in most patients undergoing TKA and may lower the incidence of AF. The clinical relevance of this study is that VC supplementation seems to be a cheap and safe adjunct to improve functional outcome after TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I. TRIAL REGISTRY The study was registered at the ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN40250576.
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Carotenoid Content in Human Colostrum is Associated to Preterm/Full-Term Birth Condition. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111654. [PMID: 30400306 PMCID: PMC6266713 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors such as lactation stage and premature and small-for-gestational conditions could lead to great inter-individual variability in the carotenoid content of human milk. The aim was to analyze the carotenoid content in colostrum and mature milk of preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) mothers to establish whether they are significantly different and, if so, the stage of lactation when the differences are established. Samples of blood, colostrum, and mature milk were collected from Spanish donating mothers who gave birth to PT or FT infants. Carotenoids from serum and milk samples were analyzed by HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS. Quantitatively, colostrum from PT mothers presented lower total carotenoid content when compared to that from FT mothers. The only exception was lutein, where levels were not different. The transition from colostrum to mature milk makes observed differences in the carotenoid content disappear, since there were no variances between PT and FT groups for both individual and total carotenoid content. The premature birth condition affects the quantitative carotenoid composition of the colostrum but has no effect on the lutein content. This fact could be related to the significant role of this xanthophyll in the development of infant retina and feasibly to cognitive function.
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Carotenoids and apocarotenoids determination in intact human blood samples by online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1032:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Carotenoid Intake and Serum Concentration in Young Finnish Children and Their Relation with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101533. [PMID: 30336644 PMCID: PMC6213073 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a reduced risk of many chronic diseases. These foods are the main dietary source of carotenoids. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between dietary intake and serum concentrations of α- and β-carotene in a sample of young Finnish children from the population-based birth cohort of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study. The current analysis comprised 3-day food records and serum samples from 207 children aged 1, 2 and 3 years. Spearman and partial correlations, as well as a cross-classification analyses, were used to assess the relationship between dietary intake and the corresponding biomarkers. Serum concentrations of α- and β-carotene were significantly higher among the 1-year-old compared to the 3-year-old children. Dietary intakes of α- and β-carotene correlated significantly with their respective serum concentrations in all age groups, the association being highest at the age of 1 year (α-carotene r = 0.48; p < 0.001 and β-carotene r = 0.47; p < 0.001), and lowest at the age of 3 years (α-carotene r = 0.44; p < 0.001 and β-carotene r = 0.30; p < 0.001). A cross-classification showed that 72⁻81% of the participants were correctly classified to the same or adjacent quartile, when comparing the reported dietary intakes and the concentrations of the corresponding carotenoid in serum. The 3-day food record seems to be reasonably valid in the assessment of root vegetable consumption among young Finnish children. Root vegetables were the main dietary source of both carotenoids in all age groups. The high consumption of commercial baby foods among the 1-year-old children was reflected in the relatively high dietary intake and serum concentration of both carotenoids.
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32
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The detection of age-, gender-, and region-specific changes in mouse brain tocopherol levels via the application of different validated HPLC methods. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2081-2091. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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de Vries JJ, Chang AB, Bonifant CM, Shevill E, Marchant JM. Vitamin A and beta (β)-carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8:CD006751. [PMID: 30091146 PMCID: PMC6513379 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006751.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency are at risk of a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency predominantly causes eye and skin problems, while excessive levels of vitamin A can harm the respiratory and skeletal systems in children and interfere with the metabolism of other fat-soluble vitamins. Most CF centres administer vitamin A as supplements to reduce the frequency of vitamin A deficiency in people with CF and to improve clinical outcomes such as growth, although the recommended dose varies between different guidelines. Thus, a systematic review on vitamin A and vitamin A-like supplementation (carotenes or other retinoids) in people with CF would help guide clinical practice. This is an update of an earlier Cochrane Review. OBJECTIVES To determine if supplementation with vitamin A, carotenes or other retinoid supplements in children and adults with CF reduces the frequency of vitamin A deficiency disorders, improves general and respiratory health and affects the frequency of vitamin A toxicity. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. Additionally we searched several ongoing trials registries, including ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry.Most recent database searches: 01 June 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled studies comparing all preparations of oral vitamin A, carotenes or retinoids (or in combination), used as a supplement compared to placebo at any dose, for at least three months, in people with CF (diagnosed by sweat tests or genetic testing) with and without pancreatic insufficiency. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors individually assessed study quality and extracted data on outcome measures. The authors assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE system. Investigators were contacted to retrieve missing quantitative data. MAIN RESULTS No studies of vitamin A or other retinoid supplementation were eligible for inclusion. However, one randomised study of beta (β)-carotene supplementation involving 24 people with CF who were receiving pancreatic enzyme substitution was included. The study compared successive β-carotene supplementation periods (high dose followed by low dose) compared to placebo. The results for the low-dose supplementation period should be interpreted with caution, due to the lack of a wash-out period after the high-dose supplementation.The included study did not report on two of the review's primary outcomes (vitamin A deficiency disorders and mortality); results for our third primary outcome of growth and nutritional status (reported as z score for height) showed no difference between supplementation and placebo, mean difference (MD) -0.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.89 to 0.43) (low-quality evidence). With regards to secondary outcomes, supplementation with high-dose β-carotene for three months led to significantly fewer days of systemic antibiotics required to treat pulmonary exacerbations, compared to controls, MD -15 days (95% CI -27.60 to -2.40); however, this was not maintained in the second three-month section of the study when the level of β-carotene supplementation was reduced, MD -8 days (95% CI -18.80 to 2.80) (low-quality evidence). There were no statistically significant effects between groups in lung function (low-quality evidence) and no adverse events were observed (low-quality evidence). Supplementation affected levels of β-carotene in plasma, but not vitamin A levels. The study did not report on quality of life or toxicity. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Since no randomised or quasi-randomised controlled studies on retinoid supplementation were identified, no conclusion on the supplementation of vitamin A in people with CF can be drawn. Additionally, due to methodological limitations in the included study, also reflected in the low-quality evidence judged following the specific evidence grading system (GRADE), no clear conclusions on β-carotene supplementation can be drawn. Until further data are available, country- or region-specific guidelines regarding these practices should be followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit Jv de Vries
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, Netherlands, 9713 AV
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Navarro-Valverde C, Caballero-Villarraso J, Mata-Granados JM, Casado-Díaz A, Sosa-Henríquez M, Malouf-Sierra J, Nogués-Solán X, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Cortés-Gil X, Delgadillo-Duarte J, Quesada-Gómez JM. High Serum Retinol as a Relevant Contributor to Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:651-656. [PMID: 29294148 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is controversial information about the impact of vitamin A on bone. Some epidemiological studies show that excessive intake of vitamin A, or an excess of serum vitamin A, has related with adverse impact on bone mass; however, other studies did not find these links, and some authors have proposed that this vitamin might promote a better bone health. The present work aims to contribute to clarify the real role of vitamin A in bone tissue. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study of 154 osteoporotic non-treated postmenopausal women (> 65 years old) was carried out. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We assessed concentrations of serum retinol, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus. We also studied demographic and anthropometric parameters. Spearman's correlations between retinol levels and other variables found negative correlations with BMD in both lumbar spine (R = - 0.162, P < 0.01) and femoral neck (R = - 0.182, P < 0.01), as well as alkaline phosphatase (R = - 0.110; P < 0.05) and phosphorus (R = - 0.110; P < 0.05). A positive correlation between retinol and fertile window was observed (R = 0.158; P < 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, we still found a negative correlation between serum retinol and BMD, both at the lumbar spine (R = - 0.210; P < 0.01) and at the femoral neck (R = - 0.324, P < 0.001). It is concluded that elevated serum-retinol levels are associated with an increased risk of low bone mass and thus with osteoporotic fractures. Therefore, osteoporosis-risk assessment should include quantification of serum metabolite of vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- IMIBIC (Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/ Universidad de Córdoba & RETICEF, CIBERFES (ISCIII), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José M Mata-Granados
- IMIBIC (Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/ Universidad de Córdoba & RETICEF, CIBERFES (ISCIII), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- IMIBIC (Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/ Universidad de Córdoba & RETICEF, CIBERFES (ISCIII), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Malouf-Sierra
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & RETICEF (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués-Solán
- Servicio de Medicina Interna (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & RETICEF, CIBERFES (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe & RETICEF, CIBERFES (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Delgadillo-Duarte
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- IMIBIC (Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/ Universidad de Córdoba & RETICEF, CIBERFES (ISCIII), Córdoba, Spain
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Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Avalos J, Bonet ML, Boronat A, Gomez-Gomez L, Hornero-Mendez D, Limon MC, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Palou A, Ribot J, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarias L, Zhu C. A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:62-93. [PMID: 29679619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gomez-Gomez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Damaso Hornero-Mendez
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limon
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Color & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria J Rodrigo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Rodrigues DB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Mariutti LRB, Mercadante AZ, Failla ML. Comparison of Two Static in Vitro Digestion Methods for Screening the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Fruits, Vegetables, and Animal Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11220-11228. [PMID: 29205039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro digestion methods are routinely used to assess the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and other dietary lipophilic compounds. Here, we compared the recovery of carotenoids and their efficiency of micellarization in digested fruits, vegetables, egg yolk, and salmon and also in mixed-vegetable salads with and without either egg yolk or salmon using the static INFOGEST method22 and the procedure of Failla et al.16 Carotenoid stability during the simulated digestion was ≥70%. The efficiencies of the partitioning of carotenoids into mixed micelles were similar when individual plant foods and salad meals were digested using the two static methods. Furthermore, the addition of cooked egg or salmon to vegetable salads increased the bioaccessibility of some carotenoids. Our findings showed that the two methods of in vitro digestion generated similar estimates of carotenoid retention and bioaccessibility for diverse foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele B Rodrigues
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian R B Mariutti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adriana Z Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mark L Failla
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Granado-Lorencio F, Blanco-Navarro I, Pérez-Sacristán B, Hernández-Álvarez E. Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability. Food Res Int 2017; 99:902-916. [PMID: 28847427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers constitutes an essential tool to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids in humans. The present article aims to review several methodological, host-related and modulating factors relevant on assessing and interpreting carotenoid bioavailability. Markers for carotenoid bioavailability can be broadly divided into direct, biochemical or "analytical" markers and indirect, physiological or "functional" indicators. Analytical markers usually refer to biochemical indicators of intake and/or status (short and long term exposure) while functional measures may be interpreted in terms of cumulative exposure, biological effect (bioactivity) or modification of risk factors. Both types of markers display advantages and limitations but, in general, a relationship exists among the type of marker, the biological specimen needed and the time required for a change. Humans may absorb a wide range of carotenes and xanthophylls and many of them may be found in serum and tissues. However, under physiological conditions, the several classes of dietary carotenoids may behave unequally leading to a different systemic profile and, moreover, they can be selectively accumulated at target tissues. In addition, some carotenoids may be chemically and enzymatically modified generating different oxidative metabolites and apocarotenoids. Quantitatively, the biological response upon carotenoid intervention (assessed by analytical and functional markers) is highly variable but the use of large doses and long-term protocols may lead to saturation effects and the loss of linearity in the response. Also, despite carotenoid exposition is considered to be safe, markers of overexposure include clinical signs (i.e. carotenodermia, corneal rings and retinopathy) and biochemical indicators (hypercarotenemia, xanthophyll esters). Overall, both host-related and methodological factors may influence analytical and functional markers to assess carotenoid bioavailability although the different subclasses of carotenoids may not be equally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Granado-Lorencio
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Blanco-Navarro
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Sacristán
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain
| | - E Hernández-Álvarez
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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van den Broek TJ, Kremer BHA, Marcondes Rezende M, Hoevenaars FPM, Weber P, Hoeller U, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. The impact of micronutrient status on health: correlation network analysis to understand the role of micronutrients in metabolic-inflammatory processes regulating homeostasis and phenotypic flexibility. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:5. [PMID: 28194237 PMCID: PMC5299688 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamins and carotenoids are key micronutrients facilitating the maintenance of health, as evidenced by the increased risk of disease with low intake. Optimal phenotypic flexibility, i.e., the ability to respond to a physiological challenge, is an essential indicator of health status. Therefore, health can be measured by applying a challenge test and monitoring the response of relevant phenotypic processes. In this study, we assessed the correlation of three fat-soluble vitamins, (i.e., vitamin A or retinol, vitamin D3, two homologues of vitamin E) and four carotenoids (i.e., α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene), with characteristics of metabolic and inflammatory parameters at baseline and in response to a nutritional challenge test (NCT) in a group of 36 overweight and obese male subjects, using proteomics and metabolomics platforms. The phenotypic flexibility concept implies that health can be measured by the ability to adapt to a NCT, which may offer a more sensitive way to assess changes in health status of healthy subjects. Results Correlation analyses of results after overnight fasting revealed a rather evenly distributed network in a number of relatively strong correlations per micronutrient, with minor overlap between correlation profiles of each compound. Correlation analyses of challenge response profiles for metabolite and protein parameters with micronutrient status revealed a network that is more skewed towards α-carotene and γ-tocopherol suggesting a more prominent role for these micronutrients in the maintenance of phenotypic flexibility. Comparison of the networks revealed that there is merely overlap of two parameters (inositol and oleic acid (C18:1)) affirming that there is a specific biomarker response profile upon NCT. Conclusions Our study shows that applying the challenge test concept is able to reveal previously unidentified correlations between specific micronutrients and health-related processes, with potential relevance for maintenance of health that were not observed by correlating homeostatic measurements. This approach will contribute to insights on the influence of micronutrients on health and help to create efficient micronutrient intervention programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-017-0553-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J van den Broek
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Bas H A Kremer
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Marcondes Rezende
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products, Analytical Research Centre and Human Nutrition and Health Department, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Hoeller
- DSM Nutritional Products, Analytical Research Centre and Human Nutrition and Health Department, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
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Triethylenetetramine Synergizes with Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid in Hydrogen Peroxide Mediated Selective Toxicity to Breast Cancer Cell. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3481710. [PMID: 28280522 PMCID: PMC5320382 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3481710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and downregulation of catalase and more resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than normal cells. Thus, relatively high H2O2 promotes breast cancer cell growth and proliferation. However, excessive intracellular H2O2 leads to death of breast cancer cells. In cancer cells, high level ascorbic acid (Asc) is able to be autoxidized and thus provides an electron to oxygen to generate H2O2. In the present study, we demonstrated that triethylenetetramine (TETA) enhances Asc autoxidation and thus elevates H2O2 production in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, Asc/TETA combination significantly impaired cancer cell viability, while having much milder effects on normal cells, indicating Asc/TETA could be a promising therapy for breast cancer. Moreover, SOD1 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine failed to improve MCF-7 cells viability in the presence of Asc/TETA, while catalase significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity of Asc/TETA to breast cancer cells, strongly suggesting that the selective cytotoxicity of Asc/TETA to cancer cells is H2O2-dependent. In addition, Asc/TETA induces RAS/ERK downregulation in breast cancer cells. Animal studies confirmed that Asc/TETA effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, TETA synergizes pharmacologic Asc autoxidation and H2O2 overproduction in breast cancer cells, which suppresses RAS/ERK pathway and results in apoptosis.
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Culinary practices mimicking a polysaccharide-rich recipe enhance the bioaccessibility of fat-soluble micronutrients. Food Chem 2016; 210:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Plasma Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Retinol in the Age-Stratified (35-74 Years) General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100614. [PMID: 27706032 PMCID: PMC5084002 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood micronutrient status may change with age. We analyzed plasma carotenoids, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol and their associations with age, demographic characteristics, and dietary habits (assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire) in a cross-sectional study of 2118 women and men (age-stratified from 35 to 74 years) of the general population from six European countries. Higher age was associated with lower lycopene and α-/β-carotene and higher β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol levels. Significant correlations with age were observed for lycopene (r = -0.248), α-tocopherol (r = 0.208), α-carotene (r = -0.112), and β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.125; all p < 0.001). Age was inversely associated with lycopene (-6.5% per five-year age increase) and this association remained in the multiple regression model with the significant predictors (covariables) being country, season, cholesterol, gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI (kg/m²)), and dietary habits. The positive association of α-tocopherol with age remained when all covariates including cholesterol and use of vitamin supplements were included (1.7% vs. 2.4% per five-year age increase). The association of higher β-cryptoxanthin with higher age was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for fruit consumption, whereas the inverse association of α-carotene with age remained in the fully adjusted multivariable model (-4.8% vs. -3.8% per five-year age increase). We conclude from our study that age is an independent predictor of plasma lycopene, α-tocopherol, and α-carotene.
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Marginal Ascorbate Status (Hypovitaminosis C) Results in an Attenuated Response to Vitamin C Supplementation. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060341. [PMID: 27271663 PMCID: PMC4924182 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin C results in hypovitaminosis C, defined as a plasma ascorbate concentration ≤23 μmol/L. Our objective was to carry out a retrospective analysis of two vitamin C supplementation studies to determine whether supplementation with 50 mg/day vitamin C is sufficient to restore adequate ascorbate status (≥50 μmol/L) in individuals with hypovitaminosis C. Plasma ascorbate data from 70 young adult males, supplemented with 50 or 200 mg/day vitamin C for up to six weeks, was analyzed. Hypovitaminosis C status was identified based on plasma ascorbate being ≤23 μmol/L and the response of these individuals to vitamin C supplementation was examined. Of the participants consuming 50 mg/day vitamin C for up to six weeks, those with hypovitaminosis C at baseline achieved plasma concentrations of only ~30 μmol/L, whereas the remainder reached ~50 μmol/L. Participants who consumed 200 mg/day vitamin C typically reached saturating concentrations (>65 μmol/L) within one week, while those with hypovitaminosis C required two weeks to reach saturation. Regression modelling indicated that the participants’ initial ascorbate status and body weight explained ~30% of the variability in the final ascorbate concentration. Overall, our analysis revealed that supplementation with 50 mg/day vitamin C, which resulted in a total dietary vitamin C intake of 75 mg/day, was insufficient to achieve adequate plasma ascorbate concentrations in individuals with hypovitaminosis C. Furthermore, increased body weight had a negative impact on ascorbate status.
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Estévez-Santiago R, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Assessment of dietary lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene intakes and sources in the Spanish survey of dietary intake (2009-2010). Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:305-13. [PMID: 26903293 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1147020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the intake and major dietary sources of lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene (non-provitamin A carotenoids) in Spain using food consumption data from the Spanish National Dietary Intake Survey (2009-2010). Three-day diaries and one 24-h recall were used to collect dietary data and a software application that includes HPLC data was used. Average intake of those carotenoids was 4290.8 μg/d (67.1% total carotenoid intake), mainly from vegetables (3414.0 μg/d), followed by fruits (393.5 μg/d), oils/fats (204.0 μg/d) and eggs/egg products (170.0 μg/d). Main sources of lutein and zeaxanthin were vegetables (62.9% total diet, 1235.2 μg/person/d). Lycopene intake was 3055.6 μg/d (71.2% of non-provitamin A carotenoids), mainly from tomato and by-products (86.3%) and watermelon. Red- and orange-colored fruits and vegetables were the major contributors of non-provitamin carotenoids (3219.0 μg/person/d). Balanced diets should favor fruits and vegetables over other dietary sources (oils, eggs, processed foods) that contain components to be consumed with moderation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Estévez-Santiago
- a Instituto De Ciencia Y Tecnología De Alimentos Y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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Roldán-Fidalgo A, Martín Saldaña S, Trinidad A, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Rodríguez-Valiente A, García-Berrocal JR, Ramírez-Camacho R. In vitro and in vivo effects of lutein against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:197-204. [PMID: 26850526 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cisplatin is a commonly prescribed drug that produces ototoxicity as a side effect. Lutein is a carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties previously tested for eye, heart and skin diseases but not evaluated to date in ear diseases. AIM To evaluate the protective effects of lutein on HEI-OC1 auditory cell line and in a Wistar rat model of cisplatin ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro study: Culture HEI-OC1 cells were exposed to lutein (2.5-100 μM) and to 25 μM cisplatin for 24h. In vivo study: Twenty eight female Wistar rats were randomized into three groups. Group A (n=8) received intratympanic lutein (0.03 mL) (1mg/mL) in the right ear and saline solution in the left one to determine the toxicity of lutein. Group B (n=8) received also intraperitoneal cisplatin (10mg/kg) to test the efficacy of lutein against cisplatin ototoxicity. Group C (n=12) received intratympanic lutein (0.03 mL) (1mg/mL) to quantify lutein in cochlear fluids (30 min, 1h and 5 days after treatment). Hearing function was evaluated by means of Auditory Steady-State Responses before the procedure and 5 days after (groups A and B). Morphological changes were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS In vitro study: Lutein significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in the HEI-OC1 cells when they were pre-treated with lutein concentrations of 60 and 80 μM. In vivo study: Intratympanic lutein (1mg/mL) application showed no ototoxic effects. However it did not achieve protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in Wistar rats. CONCLUSIONS Although lutein has shown beneficial effects in other pathologies, the present study only obtained protection against cisplatin ototoxicity in culture cells, but not in the in vivo model. The large molecule size, the low dose administered, and restriction to diffusion in the inner ear could account for this negative result.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roldán-Fidalgo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Martín Saldaña
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Trinidad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Valiente
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J R García-Berrocal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Ramírez-Camacho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Burri BJ, La Frano MR, Zhu C. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of β-cryptoxanthin. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:69-82. [PMID: 26747887 PMCID: PMC4892306 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid found in fruits and vegetables such as tangerines, red peppers, and pumpkin, has several functions important for human health. Most evidence from observational, in vitro, animal model, and human studies suggests that β-cryptoxanthin has relatively high bioavailability from its common food sources, to the extent that some β-cryptoxanthin-rich foods might be equivalent to β-carotene-rich foods as sources of retinol. β-Cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant in vitro and appears to be associated with decreased risk of some cancers and degenerative diseases. In addition, many in vitro, animal model, and human studies suggest that β-cryptoxanthin-rich foods may have an anabolic effect on bone and, thus, may help delay osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J Burri
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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The lower vitamin C plasma concentrations in elderly men compared with elderly women can partly be attributed to a volumetric dilution effect due to differences in fat-free mass. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:859-64. [PMID: 25735881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Women show higher vitamin C plasma concentrations than men, but the reasons for this observation still require elucidation. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether sex differences in vitamin C plasma concentrations are present in elderly subjects and whether these differences are due to sex-specific lifestyles, total antioxidant status (TAOS) and/or body composition. Fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin C were assessed by photometric detection in a cross-sectional study of 181 women and eighty-nine men aged 62-92 years. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Vitamin C intake was assessed with a 3 d estimated dietary record. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether sex is an independent predictor of vitamin C plasma concentrations by controlling for age, vitamin C intake, lifestyle factors, TAOS and body composition. Women showed higher vitamin C plasma concentrations than men (76 v. 62 μmol/l, P< 0·0001). In the multiple regression analysis, male sex was a negative predictor of vitamin C plasma concentrations (β = -0·214), as long as absolute fat-free mass (FFM) was not considered as a confounder. When absolute FFM was included, sex was no longer a predictor of vitamin C plasma concentrations, whereas absolute FFM (β = -0·216), physical activity level (β = 0·165), intake of vitamin C supplements (β = 0·164), age (β = 0·147) and smoking (β = -0·125) affected vitamin C plasma concentrations. The results indicate that a higher absolute FFM, and thus a higher distribution volume of vitamin C, contributes to lower vitamin C plasma concentrations in men than women.
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48
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Severins N, Mensink RP, Plat J. Effects of lutein-enriched egg yolk in buttermilk or skimmed milk on serum lipids & lipoproteins of mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:210-217. [PMID: 25456153 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Earlier studies in our group suggested that traditionally prepared buttermilk influences cholesterol metabolism. We therefore designed a study to evaluate whether traditionally prepared buttermilk lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or prevents the LDL-C raising effect of egg yolks. METHODS AND RESULTS Mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomly allocated to one of four diet groups consuming daily at lunch 80 ml skimmed milk with (n = 23) or without (n = 25) lutein-enriched egg yolk (28 g from 1.5 eggs providing 323 mg cholesterol) or traditionally prepared buttermilk with (n = 23) or without (n = 21) lutein-enriched egg yolk during a 12 week period. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure concentrations of serum lipids, (apo)lipoproteins, liver and kidney function markers, and plasma lutein, zeaxanthin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Egg yolk consumption significantly increased serum total cholesterol (total-C) (p = 0.035) and LDL-C concentrations (p = 0.022). Buttermilk did not change the effects of egg yolk on serum lipids and (apo)lipoproteins. There was a trend towards significant lower total-C (p = 0.077), but not LDL-C (p = 0.204) concentrations in the buttermilk groups. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the egg yolk groups. CONCLUSION In mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects, daily consumption of traditionally prepared buttermilk for 12 weeks did not lower serum total-C or LDL-C concentrations, nor did it prevent the serum total-C and LDL-C raising effect of daily egg yolk consumption. REGISTRATION NUMBER This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01566305.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Severins
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - R P Mensink
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - J Plat
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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Ulbricht C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Lutein by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2015; 12:383-480. [PMID: 25616151 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.988577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review of lutein by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
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Dietary nitrate supplementation improves reaction time in type 2 diabetes: Development and application of a novel nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo. Nitric Oxide 2014; 40:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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