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Cakir FB, Berrak SG, Aydogan G, Tulunay A, Timur C, Canpolat C, Eksioglu Demiralp E. Effects of Malnutrition on Neutrophil/Mononuclear Cell Apoptotic Functions in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:402-407. [PMID: 28107040 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1267778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies claim that apoptosis may explain immune dysfunction observed in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of malnutrition on apoptotic functions of phagocytic cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight ALL patients (13 with malnutrition) and thirty controls were enrolled. Neutrophil and mononuclear cell apoptosis of ALL patients and the control group were studied on admission before chemotherapy and repeated at a minimum of three months after induction of chemotherapy or when the nutritional status of leukemic children improved. RESULTS The apoptotic functions of both ALL groups on admission were significantly lower than those of the control group. The apoptotic functions were lower in ALL patients with malnutrition than those in ALL patients without malnutrition, but this was not statistically significant. The repeated apoptotic functions of both ALL groups were increased to similar values with the control group. This increase was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The apoptotic functions in ALL patients were not found to be affected by malnutrition. However, after dietary intervention, increased apoptotic functions in both ALL patient groups deserve mentioning. Dietary intervention should always be recommended as malnutrition or cachexia leads to multiple complications. Enhanced apoptosis might originate also from remission state of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betul Cakir
- a Bezmialem Vakif University , Pediatric Hematology-Oncology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Su Gülsün Berrak
- b The Children's Hospital at Montefiore , The Pediatric Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Refuah Health Center , NewYork , NY , USA
| | - Gonul Aydogan
- c Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Government Education and Research Hospital, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Aysin Tulunay
- d Marmara University Medical Center , Internal Medicine Hematology-Immunology Department , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cetin Timur
- e Istanbul Medeniyet University , Pediatric Hematology-Oncology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cengiz Canpolat
- f Acibadem University School of Medicine , Pediatric Hematology-Oncology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Emel Eksioglu Demiralp
- d Marmara University Medical Center , Internal Medicine Hematology-Immunology Department , Istanbul , Turkey
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Yi J, Zhu R, Wu J, Wu J, Xia W, Zhu L, Jiang W, Xiang S, Tan Z. In vivo protective effect of betulinic acid on dexamethasone induced thymocyte apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:95-100. [PMID: 26721359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, is strictly controlled for use due to its serious side effects, including immune suppression. Betulinic acid (BA), an antioxidant prepared from the white birch, exhibits immunomodulation properties. To assess the implications and investigate the mechanisms of BA-elicited immunomodulation, we hypothesized that Dex induced thymocyte apoptosis via oxidative stress could be lessened by BA. METHODS Mice were given oral doses of BA (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0mg/kg) daily for 14 days, and induced oxidative stress by giving a single dose of Dex intraperitoneal at the dosage of 25mg/kg body weight 8h after the last administration of BA. RESULTS Dex administration alone significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, while significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, caspase-3 activation and cellular apoptosis. However, pretreatment with BA dose-dependently mitigated Dex-induced oxidative damage after 14 days of feeding. In addition to ROS scavenging activity in Dex-induced thymocyte, BA administration decreased lipid peroxidation, up-regulated antioxidant enzymes, restored mitochondrial function, increased Bcl-2 expression but reduced Bax expression, inhibited caspase-3 activation, and improved cell survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a protective capability of BA against Dex-induced cell death by reducing oxidative stress via mitochondrial mediated signal pathway which could be the potential mechanism underlying BA-elicited immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China.
| | - Ruocen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Siting Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Zhuliang Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China.
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3
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The toxic effects of melamine on spleen lymphocytes with or without cyanuric acid in mice. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:505-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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El-Hodhod MA, Aly RH, Youssef SR, Mohamed SI. Enhanced blood lymphocytes apoptosis in children with inflammatory bowel disease. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013; 2013:415417. [PMID: 24073337 PMCID: PMC3773421 DOI: 10.1155/2013/415417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to measure peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis during IBD flare and remission. Subjects and Methods. Flow-cytometric assessment of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was assessed in 30 children with IBD (16 with ulcerative colitis and 14 with Crohn's disease) compared to 22, age and sex matched, healthy children. This was carried out during a flare, whether in newly diagnosed or relapsing patients, and after achievement of remission. Clinical findings, complete blood count, liver transaminases, and kidney functions were assessed. Results. Early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic lymphocytes were significantly higher during IBD flare compared to controls (P ≤ 0.01 and <0.01, resp., in ulcerative colitis and P ≤ 0.01 and <0.01, resp., in Crohn's disease patients). Remission values were significantly decreased but did not come back to the control levels. Early apoptotic values were significantly related to joint involvement in IBD patients (P < 0.0001). Conclusions. We can speculate a systemic nature of IBD as evident by enhanced peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis. This is related, to a great extent, to the disease process as it is more deranged in flare than in remission. Relation of this derangement to extraintestinal manifestations needs a special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. El-Hodhod
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - R. H. Aly
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - S. R. Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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5
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Cortés-Barberena E, Ceballos-Olvera I, González-Márquez H, Ortiz-Muñiz R. Moderate and severe malnutrition alters proliferation of spleen cells in rats. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:164-71. [PMID: 23510471 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown alterations in bone marrow cell proliferation in malnourished rats, during lactation. The objective of this study was to determine in vivo effects of moderate and severe malnutrition on spleen cell proliferation in 21-day-old rat pups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spleen cell proliferation was determined following administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) over a time course of 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Incorporation of BrdUrd was detected using FITC-conjugated anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies and total DNA content was detected and evaluated using propidium iodide using flow cytometry. RESULTS Proportions of cells in S and G2 /M were reduced in the rats with moderate (MN2(nd) ) and severe (MN3(rd) ) malnutrition. BrdUrd incorporation was lower in both groups of malnourished rat. In cells of MN2nd individuals, length of G1 became shorter, while length of S-phase increased. In contrast, fraction of cells in proliferation was significantly lower in both groups of malnourished rat, with MN3rd group having lowest percentage of cell population growth. In this study, severe malnutrition did not significantly affect duration of phases of the cell cycle, although fractions of proliferating cells were dramatically reduced. CONCLUSION Moderate malnutrition increased time of cells in DNA synthesis and time of total cell cycle and severe malnutrition reduced growth fraction of spleen cells in malnourished rats during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cortés-Barberena
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F, México.
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Kinazaki A, Chen H, Koizumi K, Kawanai T, Oyama TM, Satoh M, Ishida S, Okano Y, Oyama Y. Putative role of intracellular Zn(2+) release during oxidative stress: a trigger to restore cellular thiol content that is decreased by oxidative stress. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61:403-9. [PMID: 21744294 PMCID: PMC10717562 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the ability of zinc to retard the oxidative process has been recognized for many years, zinc itself has been reported to induce oxidative stress. In order to give some insights into elucidating the role of intracellular Zn(2+) in cells suffering from oxidative stress, the effects of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and ZnCl(2) on cellular thiol content and intracellular Zn(2+) concentration were studied by use of 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (5-CMF-DA) and FluoZin-3 pentaacetoxymethyl ester (FluoZin-3-AM) in rat thymocytes. The treatment of cells with NEM attenuated 5-CMF fluorescence and augmented FluoZin-3 fluorescence in a dose-dependent manner. These NEM-induced phenomena were observed under external Zn(2+)-free conditions. Results suggest that NEM decreases cellular thiol content and induces intracellular Zn(2+) release. Micromolar ZnCl(2) dose-dependently augmented both FluoZin-3 and 5-CMF fluorescences, suggesting that the elevation of intracellular Zn(2+) concentration increases cellular thiol content. Taken together, it is hypothesized that intracellular Zn(2+) release during oxidative stress is a trigger to restore cellular thiol content that is decreased by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kinazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hongqin Chen
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuki Koizumi
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8502 Japan
| | - Takuya Kawanai
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8502 Japan
| | - Tomohiro M. Oyama
- Hakata Clinic, Medical Co. LTA Clinical Pharmacology Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Satoh
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8502 Japan
| | - Shiro Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Oyama
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8502 Japan
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Matsui H, Oyama TM, Okano Y, Hashimoto E, Kawanai T, Oyama Y. Low micromolar zinc exerts cytotoxic action under H2O2-induced oxidative stress: excessive increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration. Toxicology 2010; 276:27-32. [PMID: 20603178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of zinc to retard oxidative processes has been recognized for many years. However, zinc is cytotoxic under certain oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of H2O2 on intracellular Zn2+ concentration of rat thymocytes and its relation to the cytotoxicity. Experiments were cytometrically performed by the use of fluorescent probes, propidium iodide, FluoZin-3-AM, and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate. ZnCl2 potentiated cytotoxicity of H2O2 while TPEN, a chelator for intracellular Zn2+, attenuated it. Results suggested an involvement of intracellular Zn2+ in the cytotoxicity of H2O2. H2O2 at concentrations of 30microM or more (up to 1000microM) significantly increased intracellular Zn2+ concentration. There were two mechanisms. (1) H2O2 decreased cellular content of nonprotein thiols, possibly resulting in release of Zn2+ from thiols as cellular Zn2+ binding sites. (2) H2O2 increased membrane Zn2+ permeability because external ZnCl2 application further elevated intracellular Zn2+ concentration. Micromolar H2O2 may induce excessive elevation of intracellular Zn2+ concentration that is harmful to cellular functions. However, the incubation with micromolar ZnCl2 alone increased cellular content of nonprotein thiols, one of the factors protecting cells against oxidative stress. Though zinc is generally considered to be protective with its antioxidant property, this study reveals the toxic effect of zinc even in micromolar range under oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Matsui
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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8
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Zn2+, derived from cell preparation, partly attenuates Ca2+-dependent cell death induced by A23187, calcium ionophore, in rat thymocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:338-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Ortiz R, Cortés L, Cortés E, Medina H. Malnutrition alters the rates of apoptosis in splenocytes and thymocyte subpopulations of rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 155:96-106. [PMID: 19076833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the developing world. Nutritional deficiencies may be the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency states in humans. It has been suggested that nutritional imbalances can induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of severe malnutrition on cell subsets and the frequency of spontaneous and/or dexamethasone-induced cell death in vivo in the thymus and spleen from severely malnourished, lactating rats. Apoptosis frequency was estimated by flow cytometry using annexin-V and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay assays. The results obtained in the present study indicate that malnutrition is associated with a significant increase of spontaneously apoptotic cells in the thymus (9.8-fold) and spleen (2.4-fold). Increase in apoptosis was associated largely with CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Unexpectedly, similar frequencies of spontaneous apoptosis of these cells were found in both well-nourished and malnourished rats. In contrast, consistent increases in the apoptosis of CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes were observed in malnourished rats. In addition, single-positive CD8(+) and single-positive CD4(+) thymocytes had higher frequencies of apoptosis in malnourished rats. The frequency of total dexamethasone-induced apoptosis was found to be similar in both groups of animals. Nevertheless, in malnourished dexamethasone-treated animals, the percentage of apoptotic double-negative thymocytes was significantly higher than in well-nourished animals, while the rate of apoptosis was lower among double-positive cells. In general, the thymus appears more sensitive to the effects of malnutrition and dexamethasone than the spleen. Furthermore, double-negative thymocytes appear to be the most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, México DF, México.
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10
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Matsui H, Sakanashi Y, Oyama TM, Oyama Y, Yokota SI, Ishida S, Okano Y, Oyama TB, Nishimura Y. Imidazole antifungals, but not triazole antifungals, increase membrane Zn2+ permeability in rat thymocytes. Toxicology 2008; 248:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Cortés-Barberena E, González-Márquez H, Gómez-Olivares JL, Ortiz-Muñiz R. Effects of moderate and severe malnutrition in rats on splenic T lymphocyte subsets and activation assessed by flow cytometry. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:585-92. [PMID: 18373698 PMCID: PMC2453203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is distributed widely throughout the world and is a particular problem in developing countries. Laboratory animals have been very useful in studying the effects of varying levels of malnutrition because non-nutritional factors that affect humans may be controlled. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of moderate and severe malnutrition on lymphocyte proportions and activation markers of T cells in experimentally malnourished rats during lactation by flow cytometry. Lower absolute (total) and relative (%) numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in moderately (second degree) and severely (third degree) malnourished rats compared with well-nourished rats (P < 0.05). Both groups of malnourished rats showed a significant decrease in the percentage of CD71+ cells at 24 h post-activation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). After 24 h activation of spleen cells with PHA, a lower percentage of CD25+ cells was observed in malnourished than well-nourished rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicated an altered expression of CD71 and CD25 during activation of T lymphocytes in malnourished rats and may partially explain increased susceptibility to infection associated with malnutrition. Moreover, these results demonstrated that moderate malnutrition affects the response of T lymphocytes as much as severe malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cortés-Barberena
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, and Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México
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12
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Schuler SL, Gurmini J, Cecílio WAC, de Azevedo MLV, Olandoski M, de Noronha L. Hepatic and Thymic Alterations in Newborn Offspring of Malnourished Rat Dams. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 32:184-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607108314387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lúcia Schuler
- From the Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Jocemara Gurmini
- From the Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - William Augusto Casteleins Cecílio
- From the Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Marina Luise Viola de Azevedo
- From the Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Márcia Olandoski
- From the Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- From the Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
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Matsui H, Morimoto M, Horimoto K, Nishimura Y. Some characteristics of fluoride-induced cell death in rat thymocytes: Cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1113-20. [PMID: 17544615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is found in the atmosphere, water, soil, coal, food, dental and industrial uses. There were some case reports concerning acute fluoride poisoning in workplaces and laboratories. However, there is limited information concerning the mechanism of fluoride-induced cell death. To study the cytotoxicity of fluoride, the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on rat thymocytes has been examined by using a flow cytometer with appropriate fluorescence probes for membrane and cellular parameters. The cytotoxicity of NaF under nominal Ca2+-free condition was significantly lower than that under control condition. NaF also increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. NaF significantly increased the population of shrunken cells and the cells positive to annexin V. Both are known to be parameters for early stage of apoptosis. However, NaF decreased the population of cells with hypodiploidal DNA, indicating that NaF apparently attenuated spontaneous apoptosis in rat thymocytes. It may be suggested that NaF induces necrosis, associated with some apoptotic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Matsui
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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14
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El Hodhod MA, Nassar MF, Ibrahim AY. Infantile rickets reduces lymphocyte survival. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Luo X, Zhou Y, Tao D, Yu Y, Hu J, Qiu F, Kulkarni H, Gong J. Usefulness of oral mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis rate in nutritional assessment. Nutrition 2006; 22:1032-8. [PMID: 16979323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 03/11/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This preliminary study was designed to explore a new method for nutritional assessment by measuring oral mucosal cell apoptosis or proliferation. METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors were hospitalized on the surgical wards and studied prospectively. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment was used to identify malnourished patients. Anthropometric measurements including weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, and midarm muscle circumference were recorded. The serum proteins measured were retinol-binding protein (RBP), transferrin, prealbumin (PA), and albumin. Simultaneously, the rates of oral epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation were measured by flow cytometry. Of the 20 malnourished patients, 14 were followed up in a serial study with a 3-d nutritional support therapy. Nutritional indices and oral epithelial cell apoptosis rate were measured after 3 d of nutritional support. RESULTS Malnutrition was diagnosed in 20 of 42 patients (47.6%). Oral epithelial apoptosis and proliferation rates were significantly decreased (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in malnourished compared with non-malnourished patients, although there were no significant differences between their anthropometric data. Malnourished patients had lower serum levels of RBP, albumin, and PA and rates of oral epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation. The rate of oral epithelial cell apoptosis positively correlated with serum RBP (R = 0.32, P < 0.05) and PA (R = 0.33, P < 0.05). The rate of oral epithelial cell apoptosis and serum RBP and PA increased significantly in the malnourished patients who received nutritional support for 3 days. CONCLUSIONS Measuring the rate of oral epithelial cell apoptosis may be another non-invasive technique to determine nutritional assessment and is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelai Luo
- Molecular Centre and Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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16
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El-Hodhod MAA, Nassar MF, Zaki MM, Moustafa A. Apoptotic changes in lymphocytes of protein energy malnutrition patients. Nutr Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, and compromised cell- and antibody-mediated responses that cause increased rates of infections of longer duration are the immunological hallmarks of zinc deficiency (ZD) in humans and higher animals. As the deficiency advances, a reprogramming of the immune system occurs, beginning with the activation of the stress axis and chronic production of glucocorticoids that accelerate apoptosis among pre-B and -T cells. This reduces lymphopoiesis and causes atrophy of the thymus. In contrast, myelopoiesis is preserved, thereby providing protection for the first line of immune defense or innate immunity. Changes in gene expression for cytokines, DNA repair enzymes, zinc transporters, signaling molecules, etc., suggest that cells of the immune system are attempting to adapt to the stress of suboptimal zinc. Better understanding of the molecular and cellular changes made in response to inadequate zinc should lead to the development of immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Fraker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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18
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Ortiz R, Medina H, Rodríguez L, González-Márquez H, Cortés E. Spontaneous and mitomycin C-induced micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes from severely malnourished rats. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2004; 43:179-185. [PMID: 15065205 DOI: 10.1002/em.20009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Severe malnutrition caused by deficiencies in protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake is widely distributed throughout the world and is a particular problem in developing countries. Animal models have been useful for studying the effects of malnutrition under different experimental conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of malnutrition on the frequency of spontaneous and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of rats measured using a flow cytometric analysis technique. Neonatal rats were experimentally malnourished during lactation and assayed at weaning (21 days of age). The malnourished rats weighed 49.2% less than well-nourished controls and had lower concentrations of serum protein, triglycerides, and cholesterol. In rats not treated with MMC, the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) was 1.6 times greater in malnourished rats than in well-nourished rats (0.48% +/- 0.16% vs. 0.31% +/- 0.09%). The mean MN-RET frequency measured 32 hr after treatment with single i.p. doses of 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg of MMC was 0.60 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.14, 1.21 +/- 0.52 vs. 2.36 +/- 0.47, and 2.50 +/- 0.06 vs. 4.64 +/- 1.14 for well-nourished vs. malnourished rats, respectively. Statistical comparisons indicate significant differences between the two groups of rats at all doses tested. Malnourishment and MMC treatment had no significant effects on the frequencies of RETs or micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes. The data indicate that protein-calorie malnutrition during lactation is associated with increased frequencies of MN-RETs, which are indicative of chromosome damage. These findings suggest that malnutrition could result in greater susceptibility to environmental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México DF, México.
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González C, Nájera O, Cortés E, Toledo G, López L, Betancourt M, Ortiz R. Hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and DNA repair in lymphocytes from malnourished children. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2002; 39:33-42. [PMID: 11813294 DOI: 10.1002/em.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess DNA repair capacity in lymphocytes of children with protein calorie malnutrition using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Repair capacity was assessed by estimating the relative decrease of DNA migration length 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after hydrogen peroxide treatment, in three groups of children: well-nourished (WN), well-nourished infected (WN-I), and malnourished infected (MN-I). In addition, the DNA migration length was evaluated in all groups before and after peroxide treatment. Comparison of mean migration lengths observed in WN and WN-I children showed significant differences at all times tested; between WN-I and MN-I differences were also observed, except after hydrogen peroxide exposure. This implies that lymphocytes of WN-I and MN-I children were equally sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Nevertheless, the MN-I group clearly shows the greatest overall percentage of damaged cells at all times tested. In relation to repair capacity, at 5 min it was approximately 30% in both groups of well-nourished children, but only 20% in MN-I; 15 min after exposure, repair capacity increased to 51% in well-nourished children but only to 31% in MN-I; and at 60 min this capacity increased to 82% in well-nourished but only to 55% in MN-I. These data indicate that lymphocytes of malnourished children show a decreased capacity to repair hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage compared to that of well-nourished controls. This reflects that only malnutrition is associated with decreased DNA repair capacity. Additionally, the data confirm that severe infection and malnutrition are two factors clearly associated with increased DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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