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Makihara H, Maezawa M, Kaiga K, Satake T, Muto M, Tsunoda Y, Shimada T, Akase T. mRNA expression levels of cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 in the epidermis: a focus on individual differences among Japanese individuals. Xenobiotica 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38646717 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2344664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Various cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) that contribute to drug metabolism are expressed in the skin. However, variation among individuals in CYP expression profiles is not well-understood.To investigate CYPs related to the metabolism of transdermal preparations in Japan, multiple skin tissue specimens of individuals of Japanese descent were prepared, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were measured. Associations between the expression patterns of these CYPs and body mass index (BMI) were also investigated.There were considerable individual differences in epidermal CYP1A2 mRNA expression levels, and CYP1A2 showed a weak positive correlation with CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels. In contrast to previous results for other organs, epidermal CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels showed a weak positive correlation with BMI.CYP3A4 in the epidermis may have been locally enhanced as a defence mechanism against xenobiotics in response to impaired barrier function. These differences in mRNA expression in the skin may affect the transdermal absorption of drugs, such as lidocaine and fentanyl, which are metabolised by multiple overlapping CYPs.Our study provides new insights into drug metabolism in the skin. These results are valuable for predicting drug effects and transdermal drug transfer rates in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Makihara
- Department of Biological Science and Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Maezawa
- Department of Biological Science and Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazusa Kaiga
- Department of Biological Science and Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Satake
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayu Muto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Tsunoda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akase
- Department of Biological Science and Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Cronin JM, Yu AM. Recombinant Technologies Facilitate Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, and General Biomedical Research. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:685-699. [PMID: 36948592 PMCID: PMC10197202 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of safe and effective medications requires a profound understanding of their pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties. PK studies have been built through investigation of enzymes and transporters that drive drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Like many other disciplines, the study of ADME gene products and their functions has been revolutionized through the invention and widespread adoption of recombinant DNA technologies. Recombinant DNA technologies use expression vectors such as plasmids to achieve heterologous expression of a desired transgene in a specified host organism. This has enabled the purification of recombinant ADME gene products for functional and structural characterization, allowing investigators to elucidate their roles in drug metabolism and disposition. This strategy has also been used to offer recombinant or bioengineered RNA (BioRNA) agents to investigate the posttranscriptional regulation of ADME genes. Conventional research with small noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs has been dependent on synthetic RNA analogs that are known to carry a range of chemical modifications expected to improve stability and PK properties. Indeed, a novel transfer RNA fused pre-miRNA carrier-based bioengineering platform technology has been established to offer consistent and high-yield production of unparalleled BioRNA molecules from Escherichia coli fermentation. These BioRNAs are produced and processed inside living cells to better recapitulate the properties of natural RNAs, representing superior research tools to investigate regulatory mechanisms behind ADME. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review article summarizes recombinant DNA technologies that have been an incredible boon in the study of drug metabolism and PK, providing investigators with powerful tools to express nearly any ADME gene products for functional and structural studies. It further overviews novel recombinant RNA technologies and discusses the utilities of bioengineered RNA agents for the investigation of ADME gene regulation and general biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Cronin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA (J.M.C., A.-M.Y.)
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA (J.M.C., A.-M.Y.)
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3
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Dube L, Haga N, Grogan D, Ogier J, Le Quan Sang KH. A Pharmacokinetic, Safety, and Tolerability Trial of Palovarotene in Healthy Japanese and Non-Japanese Participants. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:141-150. [PMID: 36802022 PMCID: PMC10011291 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Palovarotene is an oral, selective retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist under investigation for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Palovarotene is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Differences in CYP-mediated metabolism of CYP substrates have been observed between Japanese and non-Japanese individuals. This phase I trial (NCT04829786) compared the pharmacokinetic profile of palovarotene in healthy Japanese and non-Japanese participants and evaluated the safety of single doses. METHODS Healthy Japanese and non-Japanese participants were matched individually (1:1) and randomized to receive a single oral dose of palovarotene 5 or 10 mg, followed by the alternate dose after a 5-day washout period. Maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were assessed. Estimates of the geometric mean difference between dose and Japanese and non-Japanese groups were calculated for natural log-transformed Cmax and AUC parameters. Adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and treatment-emergent AEs were recorded. RESULTS Eight pairs of matched non-Japanese and Japanese individuals and two unmatched Japanese individuals participated. Mean plasma concentration-time profiles were similar between the two cohorts at both dose levels, demonstrating that palovarotene absorption and elimination are similar irrespective of dose level. The pharmacokinetic parameters of palovarotene were similar between groups at both dose levels. Cmax and AUC values were dose-proportional between doses in each group. Palovarotene was well tolerated; there were no deaths or AEs leading to treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Japanese and non-Japanese groups had similar pharmacokinetic profiles, indicating that palovarotene dose adjustments are not necessary for Japanese patients with FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dube
- Pleiades Consultation Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Haga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kim-Hanh Le Quan Sang
- Département de Génétique Clinique', Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Huang CY, Lin YF, Chen CR, Lin SK. Post-therapy plasma concentrations of quetiapine in Taiwanese patients. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:50-56. [PMID: 36647121 PMCID: PMC10009434 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Quetiapine is widely used to treat psychiatric disorders such as major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymic disorder, and insomnia other than schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This study investigated the diagnostic distribution of quetiapine use in patients in a psychiatric hospital, the doses of quetiapine prescribed, and the plasma concentrations (Cps) of quetiapine and active metabolites. METHODS We enrolled 107 patients who had been prescribed quetiapine for at least 4 weeks. Diagnoses, demographics, and concomitant medications were recorded. Blood sampling was performed in the morning, approximately 12 h after the before-bed dose of quetiapine. RESULTS Diagnoses comprised schizophrenia (n = 25), bipolar disorder (n = 51), major depression (n = 15), dysthymic disorder (n = 9), and others (n = 7). The daily dose (DD) of quetiapine ranged from 25 to 800 (175.9 ± 184.4) mg, with the mean Cp being 105.6 ± 215.3 ng/ml, with a mean Cps/DD ratio of 0.58 ± 0.55 ng/ml/mg. There was a moderate positive linear correlation between the dose and Cps of quetiapine (r = 0.60), and the interpatient variation in Cps/DD ratio was up to 26-fold. CONCLUSION Quetiapine is used in various doses to treat many psychiatric disorders other than psychosis, and it is usually prescribed as a secondary antipsychotic for symptoms such as insomnia or agitation. A wide interpatient variation of the Cps/DD ratio was noticed. Patients of East Asian descent may exhibit a 50% to 100% increase in the Cps/DD ratio for quetiapine compared with patients of Western descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Yin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital and Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital and Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ru Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital and Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ku Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital and Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Qin Y, Naumovski N, Ranadheera CS, D'Cunha NM. Nutrition-related health outcomes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) consumption: A systematic review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ma C, Lin JL, Bai R, Sun Y, Nam GB, Stewart J, Wieloch M, Zhu J. Effect of Dronedarone in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Asian Population: Post Hoc Analysis of the ATHENA Trial. Clin Ther 2022; 44:1203-1213. [PMID: 35927094 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available on the impact of dronedarone treatment in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of dronedarone compared with placebo in populations from Asian and non-Asian regions randomized in the ATHENA trial (A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Parallel Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg BID for the Prevention of CV Hospitalization or Death From Any Cause in Patients With AF/AFL). METHODS Time to first hospitalization for cardiovascular events or death from any cause (primary outcome) and time to first AF/AFL event recurrence (secondary outcome) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. FINDINGS The risk of experiencing the primary composite outcome was significantly lower in the dronedarone-treated patients in both the Asian (hazard ratio = 0.541; 95% CI, 0.320-0.914]) and non-Asian (hazard ratio = 0.768; 95% CI, 0.696-0.848) populations than in the placebo-treated patients. The median time to the first AF/AFL event recurrence was longer in the dronedarone-treated population than in the placebo-treated populations: 183 vs 92 days (P = 0.165) in the Asian population and 534 vs 196 days (P < 0.001) in the non-Asian population. Treatment-emergent adverse events in Asian (81.2% vs 78.4%) and non-Asian (71.4% vs 68.7%) populations and serious treatment-emergent adverse events in Asian (14.3% vs 15.7%) and non-Asian (20.3% vs 21.5%) patients were comparable in patients taking dronedarone compared with those taking placebo. IMPLICATION Efficacy and tolerability of dronedarone were consistent in the Asian population compared with the non-Asian population in the ATHENA trial. These finding may aid Asian health care professionals to select the appropriate first-line treatment for Asian patients with AF/AFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Ma
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Rong Bai
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing
| | - Yihong Sun
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | | | | | - Mattias Wieloch
- Sanofi, Paris; Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Lund University, Malmö.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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Hirko KA, Rocque G, Reasor E, Taye A, Daly A, Cutress RI, Copson ER, Lee DW, Lee KH, Im SA, Park YH. The impact of race and ethnicity in breast cancer-disparities and implications for precision oncology. BMC Med 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35151316 PMCID: PMC8841090 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cancer death. The incidence, pathological features, and clinical outcomes in breast cancer differ by geographical distribution and across racial and ethnic populations. Importantly, racial and ethnic diversity in breast cancer clinical trials is lacking, with both Blacks and Hispanics underrepresented. In this forum article, breast cancer researchers from across the globe discuss the factors contributing to racial and ethnic breast cancer disparities and highlight specific implications of precision oncology approaches for equitable provision of breast cancer care to improve outcomes and address disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Rocque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erica Reasor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ammanuel Taye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex Daly
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ellen R Copson
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
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Cosson V, Feng S, Jaminion F, Lemenuel-Diot A, Parrott N, Paehler A, Bo Q, Jin Y. How Semiphysiological Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Incorporating Active Hepatic Uptake Supports Phase II Dose Selection of RO7049389, A Novel Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Drug. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:1081-1091. [PMID: 33523474 PMCID: PMC8048879 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of RO7049389, a new hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein allosteric modulator of class I, and of its active metabolite M5 were studied in fasted and fed conditions after single and multiple once‐a‐day and twice‐a‐day doses in healthy subjects and patients with HBV. The nonlinearity of the pharmacokinetics, the large variability, the small sample size per dose arms, the higher plasma exposure in Asians, and the heterogeneity in patient baseline characteristics seen in phase I studies made the ethnic sensitivity assessment and the selection of the recommended phase II dose difficult. A population PK model, simultaneously modeling RO7049389 and M5, was developed to characterize the complex PK, quantify ethnicity (i.e., Asian vs. non‐Asian) and gender effects on the PK of RO7049389 and M5, and infer the quantity of RO7049389 in liver relative to plasma. Exposures in the liver are of particular importance for dose selection since the liver is the site of action of the compound. The model described and reproduced the population PK profiles as well as the between‐subject variability of RO7049389 and its metabolite. It could show that the PK is similar between healthy subjects and in HBV patients, once the ethnicity and gender effects are accounted for. The model predicts that, despite a large difference in the plasma exposure of RO7049389 between Asians and non‐Asians, the exposure in the liver is comparable, allowing the use of the same dose to treat Asian and non‐Asian patients. This model provides a valuable basis to develop this new anti‐HBV drug and to define optimal dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cosson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sheng Feng
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Felix Jaminion
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annabelle Lemenuel-Diot
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Paehler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qingyan Bo
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Jin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Identification of human cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of carfentanil. Toxicol Lett 2021; 343:28-33. [PMID: 33652071 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carfentanil is an ultra-potent opioid with an analgesic potency 10,000 times that of morphine but has received little scientific investigation. In the present study, the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes catalyzing the oxidative metabolism of carfentanil were investigated. Using UHPLC-HRMS, Michaelis-Menten kinetics of formation for three major metabolites norcarfentanil (M1), pharmaceutical active metabolite 4-[(1-oxopropyl)phenylamino]-1-(2-hydroxyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M11), and 4-[(1-oxopropyl)phenylamino]-1-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M15) were determined. Isozymes catalyzing the formation of the low abundant, highly active metabolite 1-[2-(2-hydroxylphenyl)ethyl]-4-[(1-oxopropyl)phenylamino]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M13) were also identified. Selective P450 inhibition studies with pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant CYP isozymes suggested that metabolites M1, M11, and M15 were predominantly formed by isozyme CYP3A5, followed by CYP3A4. Isozymes CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 also made contributions but to a much lesser extent. Highly potent metabolite M13 was predominantly formed by isozyme CYP2C9, followed by CYP2C8. These findings indicate that CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 play a major role in the transformation of carfentanil to M1 (norcarfentanil), M11, M13 and M15 through N-dealkylation of piperidine ring, hydroxylation of phenethyl group and ketone formation on phenethyl linker by human liver micrsomes.
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Sachar M, Park CH, Pesco‐Koplowitz L, Koplowitz B, McGinn A. Absence of ethnic difference on single‐dose pharmacokinetics of rivoceranib between healthy male Caucasian, Japanese, and Chinese subjects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:485-495. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arlo McGinn
- Elevar Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City UT USA
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11
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Thompson EJ, Wu H, Maharaj A, Edginton AN, Balevic SJ, Cobbaert M, Cunningham AP, Hornik CP, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole in Children. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:887-898. [PMID: 30840200 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-00733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether opportunistically collected data can be used to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in pediatric patients; and (2) characterize age-related maturational changes in drug disposition for the renally eliminated and hepatically metabolized antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX). METHODS We developed separate population PBPK models for TMP and SMX in children after oral administration of the combined TMP-SMX product and used sparse and opportunistically collected plasma concentration samples to validate our pediatric model. We evaluated predictability of the pediatric PBPK model based on the number of observed pediatric data out of the 90% prediction interval. We performed dosing simulations to target organ and tissue (skin) concentrations greater than the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) minimum inhibitory concentration (TMP 2 mg/L; SMX 9.5 mg/L) for at least 50% of the dosing interval. RESULTS We found 67-87% and 71-91% of the observed data for TMP and SMX, respectively, were captured within the 90% prediction interval across five age groups, suggesting adequate fit of our model. Our model-rederived optimal dosing of TMP at the target tissue was in the range of recommended dosing for TMP-SMX in children in all age groups by current guidelines for the treatment of MRSA. CONCLUSION We successfully developed a pediatric PBPK model of the combination antibiotic TMP-SMX using sparse and opportunistic pediatric pharmacokinetic samples. This novel and efficient approach has the potential to expand the use of PBPK modeling in pediatric drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huali Wu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Anil Maharaj
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Andrea N Edginton
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Stephen J Balevic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Anthony P Cunningham
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
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Ozawa S, Yamaori S, Aikawa K, Kamijo S, Ohmori S. Expression profile of cytochrome P450s and effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antiepileptic drugs on CYP1 expression in MOG-G-CCM cells. Life Sci 2020; 258:118140. [PMID: 32730838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was performed to investigate the expression profile of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and antiepileptic drugs on CYP1 expression in human astrocytoma MOG-G-CCM cells. MAIN METHODS CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. KEY FINDINGS MOG-G-CCM cells expressed various CYP isoforms. Among the CYP isoforms analyzed, CYP1B1 showed the highest expression level, followed by CYP1A1. Furthermore, CYP1B1 was localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC), benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and valproic acid (VPA) increased the expression of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1. The potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist GNF351 significantly suppressed the 3-MC- and VPA-mediated upregulation of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1. In addition, VPA potentiated the induction of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 by 3-MC, B[a]A, and B[a]P, although the augmentation of CYP1A1 was more remarkable than that of CYP1B1. In contrast, other antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenytoin) did not affect the 3-MC-mediated upregulation of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1. VPA is known to act as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Therefore, the effects of trichostatin A, a representative HDAC inhibitor, on CYP1 induction by 3-MC were examined. Trichostatin A enhanced the 3-MC-mediated upregulation of CYP1A1 but not CYP1B1. SIGNIFICANCE These results partially indicated that VPA may augment the PAH-mediated induction of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 through the activation of transcription by HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaori
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Kaori Aikawa
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kamijo
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohmori
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
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Shi Q, Yang X, Ren L, Mattes WB. Recent advances in understanding the hepatotoxicity associated with protein kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:217-226. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1727886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs I, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lijun Ren
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - William B. Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Pharmacokinetics of Tramadol and Celecoxib in Japanese and Caucasian Subjects Following Administration of Co-Crystal of Tramadol-Celecoxib (CTC): A Randomised, Open-Label Study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:63-75. [PMID: 29956215 PMCID: PMC6394644 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Co-Crystal of Tramadol-Celecoxib (CTC) is a first-in-class active pharmaceutical ingredient (API-API) co-crystal of rac-tramadol.HCl and celecoxib in a 1:1 molecular ratio (100 mg CTC: 44 mg rac-tramadol.HCl and 56 mg celecoxib). Tramadol and celecoxib pharmacokinetics are modified after CTC administration versus administration of reference products. This randomised, open-label, crossover, phase 1 study assessed CTC pharmacokinetics, dose proportionality, safety and tolerability in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. METHODS CTC (100, 150 and 200 mg) was administered orally to healthy Japanese/Caucasian subjects. Tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol and celecoxib plasma concentrations were determined pre-dose and up to 48 h post-dose. Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from dosing to last measurable concentration (AUCt) and from dosing extrapolated to infinity (AUC∞) were evaluated. Dose proportionality was assessed in a dose-adjusted bioavailability analysis of variance and in a power model. Inter-cohort comparability of pharmacokinetic exposure was confirmed if the ratio (Japanese cohort/Caucasian cohort) of geometric least-squares means and corresponding 90% confidence intervals were 80-125%. Post hoc weight-adjusted comparability analyses were performed. Safety was assessed throughout. RESULTS Sixty subjects (21 males/9 females per cohort) were randomised; 57 completed the study. Cohorts were age and BMI matched; there were expected inter-cohort weight differences. Exposure to each analyte increased in both cohorts with increasing CTC dose. Tramadol's pharmacokinetic exposure was comparable between cohorts after adjusting for body weight; the pharmacokinetic exposure of O-desmethyltramadol and celecoxib was increased in Japanese subjects. CONCLUSIONS Differences in pharmacokinetics were not sufficient to suggest that CTC dose adjustment is required in Japanese subjects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT: 2015-003071-29.
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Rowland A, Ruanglertboon W, van Dyk M, Wijayakumara D, Wood LS, Meech R, Mackenzie PI, Rodrigues AD, Marshall JC, Sorich MJ. Plasma extracellular nanovesicle (exosome)-derived biomarkers for drug metabolism pathways: a novel approach to characterize variability in drug exposure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 85:216-226. [PMID: 30340248 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Demonstrate the presence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) proteins and mRNAs in isolated human plasma exosomes and evaluate the capacity for exosome-derived biomarkers to characterize variability in CYP3A4 activity. METHODS The presence of CYP and UGT protein and mRNA in exosomes isolated from human plasma and HepaRG cell culture medium was determined by mass spectrometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The concordance between exosome-derived CYP3A4 biomarkers and midazolam apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was evaluated in a small proof-of-concept study involving six genotyped (CYP3A4 *1/*1 and CYP3A5 *3/*3) Caucasian males. RESULTS Exosomes isolated from human plasma contained peptides and mRNA originating from CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 2 J2, 3A4 and 3A5, UGT 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10 and 2B15, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Mean (95% confidence interval) exosome-derived CYP3A4 protein expression pre- and post-rifampicin dosing was 0.24 (0.2-0.28) and 0.42 (0.21-0.65) ng ml-1 exosome concentrate. Mean (95% confidence interval) exosome CYP3A4 mRNA expression pre- and post-rifampicin dosing was 6.0 (1.1-32.7) and 48.3 (11.3-104) × 10-11 2-ΔΔCt , respectively. R2 values for correlations of exosome-derived CYP3A4 protein expression, CYP3A4 mRNA expression, and ex vivo CYP3A4 activity with midazolam CL/F were 0.905, 0.787 and 0.832, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Consistent strong concordance was observed between exosome-derived CYP3A4 biomarkers and midazolam CL/F. The significance of these results is that CYP3A4 is the drug-metabolizing enzyme of greatest clinical importance and variability in CYP3A4 activity is poorly described by existing precision dosing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Warit Ruanglertboon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Madelé van Dyk
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Linda S Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, USA
| | - Robyn Meech
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter I Mackenzie
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Shader RI. Assumptions in Clinical Trial Designs and Therapies. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1789-1795. [PMID: 30396515 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Assessment of inter-racial variability in CYP3A4 activity and inducibility among healthy adult males of Caucasian and South Asian ancestries. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74:913-920. [PMID: 29572563 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is responsible for the metabolism of more than 30% of clinically used drugs. Inherent between subject variability in clearance of CYP3A4 substrates is substantial; by way of example, midazolam clearance varies by > 10-fold between individuals before considering the impact of extrinsic factors. Relatively little is known about inter-racial variability in the activity of this enzyme. METHODS This study assessed inter-racial variability in midazolam exposure in a cohort (n = 30) of CYP3A genotyped, age-matched healthy males of Caucasian and South Asian ancestries. Midazolam exposure was assessed at baseline, following 7 days of rifampicin and following 3 days of clarithromycin. RESULTS The geometric mean baseline midazolam area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC0-6) in Caucasians (1057 μg/L/min) was 27% greater than South Asians (768 μg/L/min). Similarly, the post-induction midazolam AUC0-6 in Caucasians (308 μg/L/min) was 50% greater than South Asians (154 μg/L/min), while the post-inhibition midazolam AUC0-6 in Caucasians (1834 μg/L/min) was 41% greater than South Asians (1079 μg/L/min). The difference in baseline AUC0-6 between Caucasians and South Asians was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05), and a trend toward significance (p = 0.067) was observed for the post-induction AUC0-6 ratio, in both unadjusted and genotype adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher midazolam clearance was observed in healthy age-matched males of South Asian compared to Caucasian ancestry that was not explained by differences in the frequency of CYP3A genotypes.
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Sun B, Guo Y, Gao J, Shi W, Fan G, Li X, Qiu J, Qin Y, Liu G. Influence of CYP3A and ABCB1 polymorphisms on cyclosporine concentrations in renal transplant recipients. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1503-1513. [PMID: 28952408 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cyclosporine is a substrate of CYP3A and ABCB1. This study examined the role of CYP3A and ABCB1 polymorphisms on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients. Patients & methods: CYP3A and ABCB1 SNPs were detected in 521 recipients. The relationships of dose-adjusted concentrations with corresponding genotypes were investigated at the different terms. Results: CYP3A5 rs776746 and CYP3A7 rs10211 genotype affect C0/D at the short-term, medium-term and long-term after transplantation (p < 0.05). CYP3A7 rs2257401 genotype affects C2/D at the medium-term (p < 0.05). CYP3A4 rs4646437, CYP3A5 rs776746 and CYP3A7 rs2257401 genotype affect C2/D at the long-term (p < 0.05). There are no relationships between ABCB1 polymorphism and cyclosporine C/D. Conclusion: CYP3A genetic factors (rs776746, rs4646437, rs2257401 and rs10211) were varied in different stages after transplantation. The role of CYP3A7 in cyclosporine metabolism requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yankun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Renal Transplantation & Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Renal Transplantation & Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gaolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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High Variability of Hormonal Levels and No Clinically Relevant Interaction Between Ethinyl Estradiol, Desogestrel and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in a Small Sample of HIV-positive Adolescents. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 72:507-12. [PMID: 26990825 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the pharmacokinetic interactions of combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing ethinyl estradiol (EE2)/desogestrel (DSG) with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in 16 HIV-positive adolescents. METHODS We measured Ctrough of EE2 and etonogestrel (ENG), the active metabolite of DSG, in HIV-positives on LPV/r-based ART; Ctrough of LPV/r with and without COC; endogenous progesterone. EE2/ENG levels were compared with our own historical data of HIV-negative controls. RESULTS Ctrough of EE2 and ENG varied from 3 to 57 pg/mL and from 1051 to 5000 pg/mL, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (GMR) of Ctrough in HIV-positives on LPV/r with COC versus HIV-negative controls with COC only were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.42 to 1.08) or 32% decreased (P = 0.10) for EE2; and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.73 to 1.60) or 8% increased (P = 0.68) for ENG. Endogenous progesterone was <1.0 ng/mL in all participants, consistent with anovulation. Ctrough of LPV decreased statistically insignificantly with COC and remained above the desired therapeutic minimum of 1.0 mg/L in all. CONCLUSIONS The study found no clinically relevant interaction between EE2/DSG and LPV/r. This was supported by suppressed ovulation, assessed by low endogenous progesterone levels in all participants; and preserved antiretroviral activity, assessed by LPV/r levels above the desired therapeutic minimum in all participants. However, the high variability of hormonal levels warrants individual monitoring and further investigation. Condom use should always be encouraged for infection prevention.
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Caltabiano S, Magee MH, Liu F, Beach KJ. A Phase 1 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Retosiban in Healthy, Nonpregnant Japanese Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 7:59-66. [PMID: 28419732 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of retosiban in healthy, nonpregnant Japanese women prior to the enrollment of Japanese women in preterm labor in phase 3 trials. This study had 2 cohorts. Cohort 1 was a double-blind, sponsor-open, randomized study in Japanese women. Cohort 2 was an open-label study in white women to compare the pharmacokinetics with those of Japanese women. Retosiban was administered as a 6 mg/h infusion for 24 hours, followed by a 12 mg/h infusion over the next 24 hours; each infusion was preceded by a 6 mg loading dose administered over 5 minutes. Plasma concentrations of retosiban and its major metabolite, GSK2847065, were determined with an informal comparison of pharmacokinetics between Japanese and white women. There was minimal difference in exposure to retosiban or GSK2847065 between Japanese and white women (ratio of 1.03 in retosiban AUC and Cmax ). The 2 doses of retosiban were well tolerated across both populations, and no ethnic difference was observed in the safety profile. Given the results of this study and the known safety profile and dosing flexibility in the phase 3 trials, ethnic-specific dose adjustment of retosiban is not considered necessary for the Japanese and general Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Caltabiano
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Mindy He Magee
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Statistics, Programming & Data Strategy, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen J Beach
- Maternal and Neonatal Health, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Nakanishi K, Ishii S, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset Cytochrome P450 3A4 Ortholog Expressed in Liver and Small-Intestine Tissues Efficiently Metabolizes Midazolam, Alprazolam, Nifedipine, and Testosterone. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:457-467. [PMID: 28196829 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), small New World primates, are increasingly attracting attention as potentially useful animal models for drug development. However, characterization of cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A enzymes involved in the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs has not investigated in marmosets. In this study, sequence homology, tissue distribution, and enzymatic properties of marmoset P450 3A4 ortholog, 3A5 ortholog, and 3A90 were investigated. Marmoset P450 3A forms exhibited high amino acid sequence identities (88-90%) to the human and cynomolgus monkey P450 3A orthologs and evolutionary closeness to human and cynomolgus monkey P450 3A orthologs compared with other P450 3A enzymes. Among the five marmoset tissues examined, P450 3A4 ortholog mRNA was abundant in livers and small intestines where P450 3A4 ortholog proteins were immunologically detected. Three marmoset P450 3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli membranes catalyzed midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, alprazolam 4-hydroxylation, nifedipine oxidation, and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, similar to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 3A enzymes. Among the marmoset P450 3A enzymes, P450 3A4 ortholog effectively catalyzed midazolam 1'-hydroxylation, comparable to microsomes from marmoset livers and small intestines. Correlation analyses with 23 individual marmoset liver microsomes suggested contributions of P450 3A enzymes to 1'-hydroxylation of both midazolam (human P450 3A probe) and bufuralol (human P450 2D6 probe), similar to cynomolgus monkey P450 3A enzymes. These results indicated that marmoset P450 3A forms had functional characteristics roughly similar to cynomolgus monkeys and humans in terms of tissue expression patterns and catalytic activities, suggesting marmosets as suitable animal models for P450 3A-dependent drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Kazuyuki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Sakura Ishii
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
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Wang CY, Lin ZF, Lee CM, Tsai YW, Huang TY, Shen LJ, Hsiao FY. Concomitant use of calcium channel blockers with dual antiplatelet therapy and re-hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 26:229-238. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Fang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ming Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Tsai
- Institute of Health and Welfare; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, School of Pharmacy; University of Maryland; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Li-Jiuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Mori H, Suzuki H. Reply to letter to the editor: "The dosage of rifabutin in H. pylori eradication regimen should be appropriately determined in each area of the world". United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:476-7. [PMID: 27403316 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616631477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Oki T, Kano M, Watanabe O, Goto K, Boelsma E, Ishikawa F, Suda I. Effect of consuming a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage on health-related biomarkers and safety parameters in Caucasian subjects with elevated levels of blood pressure and liver function biomarkers: a 4-week, open-label, non-comparative trial. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 35:129-36. [PMID: 27508114 PMCID: PMC4965517 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An open-label study with one treatment arm was conducted to investigate changes in health-related biomarkers (blood pressure and liver enzyme activity) and the safety of 4 weeks of consuming a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage in Caucasian subjects. Twenty healthy adults, 18-70 years of age, with a body mass index >25 kg/m(2), elevated blood pressure and elevated levels of liver function biomarkers consumed two cartons of purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage (125 ml, including 117 mg anthocyanin per carton) daily for 4 weeks. Hematology, serum clinical profile, dipstick urinalysis and blood pressure were determined before consumption, at 2 and 4 weeks of consumption and after a 2-week washout period. A trend was found toward lowering systolic blood pressure during the treatment period (p=0.0590). No significant changes were found in diastolic blood pressure throughout the study period. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower after 4 weeks of consumption compared with before consumption (p=0.0125) and was significantly higher after the 2-week washout period compared with after consumption (p=0.0496). The serum alanine aminotransferase level significantly increased over time, but aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase levels stayed within the normal range of reference values. Safety parameters of the blood and urine showed no clinically relevant changes. The consumption of a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage for 4 weeks resulted in no clinically relevant changes in safety parameters of the blood and urine and showed a trend toward lowering systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Oki
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Kano
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Osamu Watanabe
- Faculty of Research and Development, Yakult Honsha, Shimbashi, Tokyo 105-8660, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Goto
- Agri-Food Business Innovation Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
| | - Esther Boelsma
- TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, NL-3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Fumiyasu Ishikawa
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Suda
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
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Hasunuma T, Tohkin M, Kaniwa N, Jang IJ, Yimin C, Kaneko M, Saito Y, Takeuchi M, Watanabe H, Yamazoe Y, Uyama Y, Kawai S. Absence of ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin, simvastatin, and meloxicam among three East Asian populations and Caucasians. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:1078-90. [PMID: 26774055 PMCID: PMC4876172 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine whether strict control of clinical trial conditions could reduce apparent differences of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters among ethnic groups. Methods Open‐label, single dose PK studies of moxifloxacin, simvastatin and meloxicam were conducted in healthy male subjects from three East Asian populations (Japanese, Chinese and Koreans) and one Caucasian population as a control. These three drugs were selected because differences in PK parameters have been reported, even though the backgrounds of these East Asian populations are similar. Moxifloxacin (400 mg) was administered orally to 20 subjects, and plasma and urine levels of moxifloxacin and its metabolite (M2) were measured. Simvastatin (20 mg) was given to 40 subjects, and plasma levels of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were measured. Meloxicam (7.5 mg) was given to 30 subjects and its plasma concentration was determined. Intrinsic factors (polymorphism of UGT1A1 for moxifloxacin, SLCO1B1 for simvastatin, and CYP2C9 for meloxicam) were also examined. Results AUCinf values for moxifloxacin, simvastatin and meloxicam showed no significant differences among the East Asian groups. Cmax values of moxifloxacin and simvastatin, but not meloxicam, showed significant differences. There were no significant differences of data for M2 or simvastatin acid. Genetic analysis identified significant differences in the frequencies of relevant polymorphisms, but these differences did not affect the PK parameters observed. Conclusions Although there were some differences in PK parameters among the three East Asian groups, the present study performed under strictly controlled conditions did not reproduce the major ethnic differences observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hasunuma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedical Research Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tohkin
- Department of Regulatory Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kaniwa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cui Yimin
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Masaru Kaneko
- SNBL Clinical Pharmacology Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamazoe
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uyama
- Analysis Division, Office of Safety I, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Okubo M, Narita M, Murayama N, Akimoto Y, Goto A, Yamazaki H. Individual differences in in vitro and in vivo metabolic clearances of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine from non-smoking and smoking Japanese subjects genotyped for cytochrome P4502D6 and flavincontaining monooxygenase 3. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:83-92. [PMID: 26856397 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antipsychotic olanzapine is reportedly metabolized by inducible human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and variable copy-number CYP2D6 and polymorphic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in different pathways. We investigated individual differences in the metabolite formation and clearance of olanzapine in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Human liver microsomal olanzapine oxidation activities were evaluated, and plasma concentrations of olanzapine were determined in 21 Japanese patients (mean age: 50 years, range: 32-69 years, 14 male and 7 female, including 6 smokers) genotyped for CYP2D6 (*1, *5, and *10) and FMO3 (E158K, C197fsX, R205C, V257M, E308G, and R500X). RESULTS Furafylline (a CYP1A2 inhibitor), quinidine (a CYP2D6 inhibitor), and heat treatment (inactivates FMO3) suppressed liver microsomal metabolic clearance of olanzapine by approximately 30%. Olanzapine N-demethylation and N-oxygenation were found to be catalyzed by CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 and by CYP2D6 and FMO3, respectively, in experiments using liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes. Plasma concentrations and clearance of olanzapine were not affected by CYP2D6 or FMO3 genotypes or smoking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine clearance was not affected by CYP2D6 or FMO3 genotypes or smoking behavior as a single factor under the present conditions because olanzapine clearance is mediated by multiple enzymes involved in two major and one minor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Okubo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Narita
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Goto
- Tsurugaoka Garden Hospital, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Okubo M, Morita S, Murayama N, Akimoto Y, Goto A, Yamazaki H. Individual differences in in vitro and in vivo metabolic clearances of antipsychotic risperidone from Japanese subjects genotyped for cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A5. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:93-102. [PMID: 26856541 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) genotypes on the plasma concentrations of risperidone and its pharmacologically active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone (paliperidone), in clinical patients. The aim of this study was to investigate individual differences in the metabolic clearance of risperidone in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro liver microsomal risperidone 9-hydroxylation activities and in vivo plasma concentrations of risperidone and paliperidone were investigated in 15 male and 12 female Japanese subjects (mean age 52 years, range: 24-75 years) genotyped for CYP2D6 and CYP3A5. RESULTS CYP2D6 intermediate and poor metabolizers showed significantly lower liver microsomal risperidone 9-hydroxylation activities than extensive metabolizers did at 5 μM of risperidone; this difference was not evident at 50 μM of risperidone. The recombinant CYP3A5 Vmax/Km value for risperidone 9-hydroxylation was 30% that of CYP3A4, and liver microsomes from CYP3A5 expressers had similar risperidone 9-hydroxylation activities to those of CYP3A5 poor expressers. The plasma concentration/dose ratios for risperidone and paliperidone in 27 Japanese patients were not significantly influenced by the CYP2D6 or CYP3A5 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in metabolic clearance of risperidone under the present conditions were not significantly influenced by the genotypes of CYP2D6 or CYP3A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Okubo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Morita
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Goto
- Tsurugaoka Garden Hospital, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Taubel J, Sumeray M, Lorch U, McLean A. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lomitapide in Japanese Subjects. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:606-20. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.30452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Taubel
- Richmond Pharmacology Limited, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting
| | | | - Ulrike Lorch
- Richmond Pharmacology Limited, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting
| | - Andre McLean
- Dept Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, Medical School
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Huang M, Wang HM, Guo Y, Ping J, Chen M, Xu D, Wang H. Single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP3A4 intron 2 and its influence on CYP3A4 mRNA expression and liver enzymatic activity in human liver. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2015. [PMID: 26223917 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In adult liver, CYP3A4 plays an important role in the metabolism of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds. To investigate whether there is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CYP3A4 intron 2 in the liver and its effects on the mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of CYP3A4, genomic DNA was extracted from 96 liver tissue samples obtained from patients who had undergone liver surgery. An SNP of CYP3A4 intron 2 was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand confirmation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. The mRNA expression of CYP3A4 was determined by the fluorescence quantitative PCR technique. The enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 was measured using erythromycin and testosterone as probe substrates. Twelve patients were found to have the SNP/T4127G CYP3A4 within intron 2. The mRNA levels of CYP3A4 in wild-type and SNP/T4127G samples were 2.62±1.09 and 2.79±1.63, respectively (P>0.05). Erythromycin N-demethylase activity in wild-type and SNP/T4127G samples were 121.2±32.8 and 124.7±61.6 nmol·mg(-1)·min(-1), respectively (P>0.05). The activity of testosterone 6β-hydroxylase was significantly different between wild-type (648±173 pmol·mg(-1)·min(-1)) and SNP/T4127G samples (540±196 pmol·mg(-1)·min(-1); P<0.05). In conclusion, the SNP/T4127G of CYP3A4 intron 2 exists in the liver. This SNP does not affect the mRNA expression of CYP3A4 but significantly decreases the hepatic microsomal testosterone 6β-hydroxylase activity of CYP3A4. Furthermore, this study indicates that the appropriate selection of probe substrates is very important in studying the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, 430015, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han-Ming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Lau AJ, Chang TKH. 3-Hydroxyflavone and structural analogues differentially activate pregnane X receptor: Implication for inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:64-72. [PMID: 26238175 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that regulates the expression of genes involved in various biological processes, including drug transport and biotransformation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 3-hydroxyflavone and its structurally-related analogues on PXR activity. 3-Hydroxyflavone, galangin, kaempferol, querceetin, isorhamnetin, and tamarixetin, but not but not datiscetin, morin, myricetin, or syringetin, activated mouse PXR, as assessed in a cell-based reporter gene assay. By comparison, 3-hydroxyflavone activated rat PXR, whereas 3-hydroxyflavone, galangin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and tamarixetin activated human PXR (hPXR). A time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer competitive ligand-binding assay showed binding to the ligand-binding domain of hPXR by 3-hydroxyflavone, galangin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and tamarixetin. 3-Hydroxyflavone and galangin, but not quercetin, isorhamnetin, or tamarixetin, recruited steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 to hPXR. In LS180 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, 3-hydroxyflavone, quercetin, and tamarixetin increased CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 mRNA expression, whereas galangin and isorhamnetin increased CYP3A4 and ABCB1 but not CYP3A5 mRNA expression. Datiscetin, kaempferol, morin, myricetin, and syringetin did not attenuate the extent of hPXR activation by rifampicin, suggesting they are not hPXR antagonists. Overall, flavonols activate PXR in an analogue-specific and species-dependent manner. Substitution at the C2' or C5' position of 3-hydroxyflavone with a hydroxyl or methoxy group rendered it incapable of activating hPXR. Understanding the structure-activity relationship of flavonols in hPXR activation may facilitate nutraceutical development efforts in the treatment of PXR-associated intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aik Jiang Lau
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas K H Chang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Significant Decrease of Ethinylestradiol With Nevirapine, and of Etonogestrel With Efavirenz in HIV-Positive Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 66:e50-2. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Fanni D, Ambu R, Gerosa C, Nemolato S, Castagnola M, Van Eyken P, Faa G, Fanos V. Cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphism in neonatal drug metabolism: role and practical consequences towards a new drug culture in neonatology. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:5-13. [PMID: 24674673 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 superfamily (CYP450) in humans is formed by 57 functional monooxygenases critical for the metabolism of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds. The superfamily is organized into 18 families and 44 subfamilies. CYP nomenclature is based on the identity of amino acids. The most important functions of the CYP450 are related to metabolism of endogenous compounds, detoxification of exogenous xenobiotics and decomposition of the vast majority of currently used drugs. The expression of CYP450 enzymes in the human body is characterized by a marked substrate and tissue specificity, the most important being localized in the liver, but also present in kidney, lung, brain, breast, prostate and in the small intestine. The human cytochrome P450 3A gene family (CYP3A) accounts for the largest portion of CYP450 proteins in human liver and includes 4 genes: CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP3A43. Multiple and complex genetic variations, marked interindividual, interethnic and gender variability have been reported regarding CYP3A isoform expression and activity. Multiple factors may affect CYP3A expression and activity, such as inducers like rifampicin, phenobarbital, 3-methylcholantrene, beta-naphtoflavone, and dexamethasone. The maturation of organ systems, paralleled by ontogeny of drug-metabolizing enzymes during fetal life and in the first months of postnatal life, surely exerts profound effects on drug disposition, probably being the predominant factor accounting for age-associated changes in drug clearance. In fact, drug dosage in the perinatal period represents a continuous challenge for neonatologists. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the pharmacokinetic differences between neonates and adults, showing the peculiarities of liver CYP450-related drug metabolism in the perinatal period and at birth, and to report the toxic mechanisms of liver injury in neonates, due to the most frequently utilized drugs in NICU centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fanni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Pathology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R Ambu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Pathology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C Gerosa
- University of Cagliari, Department of Pathology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S Nemolato
- University of Cagliari, Department of Pathology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Castagnola
- Catholic University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Rome, Italy
| | - P Van Eyken
- University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Faa
- University of Cagliari, Department of Pathology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V Fanos
- University of Cagliari, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Medicine, Cagliari, Italy
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Hook ILI. Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation? A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:1-13. [PMID: 24365638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui (Chinese Angelica root; Dong quai; Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.) is a traditional Chinese herbal remedy with a long history of use in China, Korea and Japan. Even today it is still one of the herbs most commonly used by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners in China, as well as Europe. It is mainly used for the treatment of women's reproductive problems, such as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhoea, menopause, among others. Using Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. root as the example, this Review examines the ease with which the use of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Remedy can be transposed from one culture to another. By examining the more recent literature, a number of aspects are considered by the author to be potentially lost in translation: (i) identity and quality (phytochemistry); (ii) tradition of use and processing (smoke-drying, stir-frying, with and without wine); (iii) method of use and traditional types of Chinese herbal medicines; (iv) ethnic differences (Caucasian vs. Asian); (v) efficacy, safety and potential for western drug-herb interactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on evaluation of the literature available in scientific journals, textbooks, electronic sources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, etc., as well as other web-sites. RESULTS A vast amount of information concerning the use of Angelica sinensis exists in the public domain. Many aspects associated with the use of the root are deemed problematical, such as identity, processing, amount and types of constituents, tradition of use in combination with other Chinese herbs, ethnicity of users, etc. Numerous constituents have been isolated with phthalides, ferulic acid and polysaccharides showing biological activities. CONCLUSION In spite of the potential activities associated with the traditional use of danggui, and the many trials using the Chinese system of 'Zheng differentiation', well-designed western-style clinical trials carried out using the authenticated, chemically standardized crude drug material to confirm clinical efficacy are in short supply. However increasing research into Angelica sinensis extracts and constituents shows that many of the traditional uses are not without scientific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid L I Hook
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Zhai XJ, Hu K, Chen F, Lu YN. Comparative Bioavailability and Tolerability of a Single 2-mg Dose of 2 Repaglinide Tablet Formulations in Fasting, Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers: An Open-Label, Randomized-Sequence, 2-Period Crossover Study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 75:48-52. [PMID: 24465043 PMCID: PMC3898188 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repaglinide, an oral insulin secretagogue, was the first meglitinide analogue to be approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective In our study, the bioavailability and tolerability of the proposed generic formulation with the established reference formulation of repaglinide 2 mg were compared in a fasting, healthy Chinese male population. Methods This 2-week, open-label, randomized-sequence, single-dose, 2-period crossover study was conducted in 22 healthy native Han Chinese male volunteers. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single 2-mg dose of the test or reference formulation, followed by a 7-day washout period and administration of the alternate formulation. After an overnight fast, subjects received a single oral dose of repaglinide (2 mg). Blood samples were drawn at predetermined time points (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 hours). All plasma concentrations of repaglinide were measured by LC-MS/MS. The observed Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, and AUC were assessed. The formulations were to be considered bioequivalent if the ln-transformed ratios of Cmax and AUC were within the predetermined bioequivalence range of 80% to 125% established by the State Food and Drug Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Tolerability was assessed throughout the study via subject interview, vital signs, and blood sampling. Results The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 24.2 (2.3) years; their mean (SD) weight was 62.6 (5.8) kg, their mean (SD) height was 172 (5.7) cm, and their mean (SD) body mass index was 21.0 (1.1). The mean (SD) Cmax for repaglinide with the test and reference formulations were 20.0 (5.1) and 18.7 (8.7) ng/mL. The AUC0–t for the test formulation was 46.3 (15.1) and AUC0–∞ was 47.9 (16.5) ng•h/mL. With the reference formulation, the corresponding values were 46.4 (26.1) and 49.0 (31.3) ng•h/mL. The mean (SD) Tmax values with the test and reference formulations were 1.2 (0.7) hours and 1.5 (0.8) hours and the mean (SD) values t1/2 values were 1.0 (0.3), and 0.9 (0.3) hours, respectively. The ln-transformed ratios of Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ were 113.6:1, 105.6:1, and 104.7:1. The corresponding 90% CIs were 99.8 to 129.2, 93.4 to 119.5, and 91.8 to 119.5, respectively. Conclusions This single-dose study found that the test and reference formulations of repaglinide met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting, healthy Chinese male volunteers. Both formulations appeared to be well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: 2012L01684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jia Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hu
- China Ship Development & Design Center, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Hsu C, Shen YC, Cheng AL. Sorafenib for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma across geographic regions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 2:129-36. [PMID: 24410643 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor targeting Raf, VEGF receptor, PDGF receptor, c-kit, Flt-3 and rearranged during transfection (RET). Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials for Western and Asian patients, respectively, demonstrated that sorafenib significantly prolongs overall survival and time to progression in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These have become the reference treatment for future clinical trials of advanced HCC. Sorafenib is well tolerated in patients with Child-Pugh liver function class A, but limited data are available in Child-Pugh class B and C patients. Clinical trials are ongoing to test the efficacy of sorafenib-based combination therapy and sorafenib adjuvant therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun Hsu
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
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Kaneko S, Yoshida S, Kanai K, Yasui-Furukori N, Iwasa H. Development of individualized medicine for epilepsy based on genetic information. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 1:661-81. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.1.5.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Okubo M, Murayama N, Shimizu M, Shimada T, Guengerich FP, Yamazaki H. CYP3A4 intron 6 C>T polymorphism (CYP3A4*22) is associated with reduced CYP3A4 protein level and function in human liver microsomes. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:349-54. [PMID: 23665933 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the CYP3A4 intron 6 C>T (CYP3A4*22) polymorphism, which has recently been reported to have a critical role in vivo, were investigated by measuring CYP3A4 protein expression levels and CYP3A4-dependent drug oxidation activities in individual human liver microsomes in vitro. Prior to protein analysis, analysis of DNA samples indicated that 36 Caucasian subjects were genotyped as CYP3A4*1/*1 and five subjects were CYP3A4*1/*22, with a CYP3A4*22 allelic frequency of 6.1%. No CYP3A4*22 alleles were found in the Japanese samples (106 alleles). Individual differences in CYP2D6-dependent dextromethorphan O-demethylation activities in liver microsomes from Caucasians were not affected by either the CYP3A4*1/*22 or CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype. Liver microsomes genotyped as CYP3A4*1/*22 (n = 4) showed significantly lower CYP3A-dependent dextromethorphan N-demethylation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation, and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation activities, as well as lower expression levels of CYP3A protein (28% of control), compared with those of the CYP3A4*1/*1 group (n = 19). The other polymorphism, CYP3A5*1/*3, did not show these differences (n = 4). The CYP3A4*22 polymorphism was associated with reduced CYP3A4 protein expression levels and resulted in decreased CYP3A4-dependent activities in human livers. The present results suggest an important role of low expression of CYP3A4 protein associated with the CYP3A4*22 allele in the individual differences in drug clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Okubo
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Phan VH, Tan C, Rittau A, Xu H, McLachlan AJ, Clarke SJ. An update on ethnic differences in drug metabolism and toxicity from anti-cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:1395-410. [PMID: 21950349 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.624513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on recent emerging evidence of inter-ethnic differences in drug response and toxicity, ethnic diversity in pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics and clinical outcomes are being increasingly investigated. Ultimately, this will promote improved understanding of inter-individual differences in the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of cytotoxic drugs. AREAS COVERED This article reviews potential explanations for the observed ethnic differences in treatment outcomes and provides clinical data to support this concept. A literature search was implemented on PubMed and PharmGKB to investigate the areas of ethnic differences in pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics and clinical outcomes of cancer therapies. EXPERT OPINION There has been a relative paucity of clinical evidence linking genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes to the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerance of anti-cancer drugs. Future research should focus on studies using large sample sizes, in the hope that they will provide results of high clinical significance. Due to the potential for ethnic differences to impact on both toxicities and benefits of systemic cancer therapies, the development of new therapeutic agents should include patients from diverse geographical ancestries in each phase of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hong Phan
- The University of Sydney, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Cancer Centre, Concord, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Yamazaki H, Nakamoto M, Shimizu M, Murayama N, Niwa T. Potential impact of cytochrome P450 3A5 in human liver on drug interactions with triazoles. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 69:593-7. [PMID: 20565450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A is the main enzyme subfamily involved in the metabolism of a variety of marketed medicines. It is generally believed that the substrate specificity of polymorphic P450 3A5 is similar to that of the predominant P450 3A4 isoform, although some differences in catalytic properties have been found. It has been hypothesized that individuals with CYP3A5 1 (P450 3A5 expresser) might clear the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir, administered by mouth, more rapidly than subjects lacking functional CYP3A5 alleles. Enhanced midazolam hydroxylation and cyclosporin metabolism occur in an in vitro P450 3A5 system and in liver microsomes expressing P450 3A5 in the presence of thalidomide. However, inhibition constants (K(i)) of three triazole anti-fungal drugs (itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole) for liver microsomal P450 3A5 are higher than for liver microsomal P450 3A4. To predict drug interactions in vivo, we estimated increases of areas under the curves (AUC) dependent on polymorphic P450 3A5 expression, using both 1 +[Inhibitor] / K(i) (recommended in US FDA guidance), and 1 +[Inhibitor](unbound) / K(i) (as recommended by Japanese MHLW Notice). Voriconazole would be expected to cause approximately a three-fold higher increase in AUC in subjects with CYP3A5 3/3 than in those with CYP3A5 1/3, especially when estimated using the FDA guidance. We conclude that drug interactions between marketed drugs may differ substantially between individuals with genetically distinct P450 3A5 catalytic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Agbonon A, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Aklikokou K, Gbeassor M, Akpagana K, Tam TW, Arnason JT, Foster BC. In vitro inhibitory effect of West African medicinal and food plants on human cytochrome P450 3A subfamily. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:390-394. [PMID: 20109542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In Africa, medicinal plants are used intensively and concomitantly with allopathic medicines in the treatment of opportunity diseases by many patients or by healthy person to prevent diseases. However, there is little information about the interactions between medicines and botanical products used currently in West Africa area. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of some plant products on CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7, three individual enzymes of CYP3A subfamily, in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Teas and ethanolic extracts of medicinal, food and co-administered plants were evaluated on CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 individual enzymes in vitro using fluorometric assays. RESULTS Extracts of adjuvant plants such as Aframomum cuspidatum, and Aframomum melegueta, as well as one medicinal plant (Harrisonia abyssinica) inhibited CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 activity more than 90%. Phyllanthus amarus showed high inhibition of CYP3A5 and CYP3A7. Food plants (Solanum macrocarpon and Talinum triangulare) inhibited CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 less than 20%. CONCLUSION These results indicate that plants tested in this study affect in vitro the activity of the main three CYP3A subfamily enzymes. These active plants could interfere with the metabolism at phase I of conventional drugs in vivo as well act as pharmacoenhancers in herbal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amegnona Agbonon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Rendic S, Guengerich FP. Update information on drug metabolism systems--2009, part II: summary of information on the effects of diseases and environmental factors on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporters. Curr Drug Metab 2010; 11:4-84. [PMID: 20302566 PMCID: PMC4167379 DOI: 10.2174/138920010791110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is an update of the data on the effects of diseases and environmental factors on the expression and/or activity of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporters. The data are presented in tabular form (Tables 1 and 2) and are a continuation of previously published summaries on the effects of drugs and other chemicals on CYP enzymes (Rendic, S.; Di Carlo, F. Drug Metab. Rev., 1997, 29(1-2), 413-580., Rendic, S. Drug Metab. Rev., 2002, 34(1-2), 83-448.). The collected information presented here is as stated by the cited author(s), and in cases when several references are cited the latest published information is included. Inconsistent results and conclusions obtained by different authors are highlighted, followed by discussion of the major findings. The searchable database is available as an Excel file, for information about file availability contact the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rendic
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Niwa T, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Comparison of the Contributions of Cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 in Drug Oxidation Rates and Substrate Inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Niwa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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Stapleton HM, Kelly SM, Pei R, Letcher RJ, Gunsch C. Metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by human hepatocytes in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:197-202. [PMID: 19270788 PMCID: PMC2649220 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame-retardant chemicals that accumulate in human tissues and are potential toxicants. Concentrations of PBDEs in human tissues have increased recently, and body burdens in the U.S. and Canadian populations are higher than in any other region. OBJECTIVES Although metabolism in animal laboratory studies has been examined, no studies have explored the metabolism of these contaminants in human tissues. We undertook this study to determine whether PBDEs could be metabolized by human liver cells in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites are formed. METHODS We exposed hepatocytes from three different donors (two cryopreserved batches and one fresh batch) to solutions containing 10 muM of either of two environmentally relevant and prominent PBDE congeners-BDE-99 or BDE-209-for periods of 24-72 hr. We also conducted gene expression analysis to provide information on potential induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. RESULTS Exposing hepatocytes to BDE-99 resulted in the formation of 2,4,5-tribromo phenol, two monohydroxylated pentabrominated diphenyl ether metabolites, and a yet unidentified tetrabrominated metabolite. No hydroxylated or debrominated metabolites were observed in the cells exposed to BDE-209. This suggests that BDE-209 was not metabolized, that nonextractable, covalently protein-bound metabolites were formed, or that the exposure time was not long enough for BDE-209 to diffuse into the cell to be metabolized. However, we observed up-regulation of genes encoding for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) 1A2, CYP3A4, deiodinase type 1, and glutathione S-transferase M1 in hepatocyes exposed to both BDE-99 and BDE-209. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro results suggest that the human liver will likely metabolize some BDE congeners (e.g., BDE-99) in vivo. These metabolites have been shown to elicit greater toxicity than the parent BDE congeners in laboratory bioassays; thus, more research on body burdens and human health effects from these metabolites are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 , USA.
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Yamamoto A, Nonen S, Fukuda T, Yamazaki H, Azuma J. Genetic Polymorphisms of Glycine N-acyltransferase in Japanese Individuals. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 24:114-7. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.24.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Okada Y, Murayama N, Yanagida C, Shimizu M, Guengerich FP, Yamazaki H. Drug interactions of thalidomide with midazolam and cyclosporine A: heterotropic cooperativity of human cytochrome P450 3A5. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:18-23. [PMID: 18948377 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.024679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing clinical interest of thalidomide because of its immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic properties, despite its teratogenicity. However, little information about thalidomide has been reported regarding its precise effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes. We investigated the effects of thalidomide on cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in human liver microsomes to clarify the potential for possible drug interactions. Thalidomide inhibited S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation activities of recombinant P450 2C19 and human liver microsomes: the apparent concentration of thalidomide producing 50% inhibition was approximately 270 microM for P450 2C19. Midazolam 4-hydroxylation activities were suppressed by thalidomide, but activities of 1'-hydroxylation and total midazolam oxidation and testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation were enhanced in the presence of thalidomide. Recombinant P450 3A5 was found to have altered kinetics at clinically relevant concentrations of thalidomide (10-30 microM). P450 3A4 was also affected, but only at higher thalidomide concentrations. Enhanced midazolam hydroxylation by thalidomide was also seen in liver microsomal samples harboring the CYP3A5*1 allele. Similarly enhanced rates of cyclosporine A clearance were observed in P450 3A5 and liver microsomes expressing P450 3A5 in the presence of thalidomide. A proposed effector constant for thalidomide corresponded roughly to its clinical plasma levels. Docking studies with a P450 3A5 homology model, based on the published structure of P450 3A4, revealed close interaction between thalidomide and the heme of P450 3A5. The present results suggest that total midazolam metabolism or cyclosporine A clearance may be increased by thalidomide in a dose-dependent manner. Unexpected drug interactions involving thalidomide might occur via heterotropic cooperativity of polymorphic P450 3A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okada
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Yeung EYH, Sueyoshi T, Negishi M, Chang TKH. Identification of Ginkgo biloba as a novel activator of pregnane X receptor. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:2270-6. [PMID: 18725505 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.023499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a role not only in drug metabolism and transport but also in various other biological processes. Ginkgo biloba is a herbal medicine commonly used to manage memory impairment. Treatment of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with G. biloba extract increases the mRNA expression of CYP3A23, which is a target gene for rat PXR. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that G. biloba extract activates PXR. Treatment of mouse PXR (mPXR) or human PXR (hPXR)-transfected HepG2 cells with G. biloba extract at 200 microg/ml increased mPXR and hPXR activation by 3.2- and 9.5-fold, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed a log-linear increase in hPXR activation by the extract over the range of 200 to 800 microg/ml. To determine whether G. biloba extract induces hPXR target gene expression, cultured LS180 human colon adenocarcinoma cells were treated for 72 h with the extract. G. biloba extract at 200, 400, and 800 microg/ml increased CYP3A4 mRNA expression by 1.7-, 2.4-, and 2.5-fold, respectively. The same concentrations of the extract increased CYP3A5 (1.3-3.6-fold) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB) 1 (2.7-6.4-fold) mRNA expression. At concentrations (5 and 10 microM) that did not down-regulate PXR gene expression and were not cytotoxic, L-sulforaphane (an hPXR antagonist) decreased CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 gene expression in cells treated with G. biloba extract. In summary, G. biloba extract activated mPXR and hPXR in a cell-based reporter gene assay and induced CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 gene expression in hPXR-expressing LS180 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y H Yeung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Yamazaki H, Okayama A, Imai N, Guengerich FP, Shimizu M. Inter-individual variation of cytochrome P4502J2 expression and catalytic activities in liver microsomes from Japanese and Caucasian populations. Xenobiotica 2007; 36:1201-9. [PMID: 17162467 DOI: 10.1080/00498250600944318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-individual variations in cytochrome P4502J2 (CYP2J2) and its typical drug oxidation activities in human liver microsomes in both Japanese and Caucasian populations. CYP2J2 contents were determined immunochemically in liver microsomes from 20 Japanese and 29 Caucasian samples using recombinant CYP2J2 commercially available as a standard. Ebastine hydroxylation and astemizole O-demethylation activities were compared. The CYP2J2 genotype was determined by direct sequencing of liver genomic DNA. The mean expression levels of CYP2J2 determined immunochemically in liver microsomes from Japanese and Caucasian samples were 2.0 +/- 1.5 and 1.2 +/- 2.1 pmol CYP2J2 mg-1 protein (mean +/- standard deviation), respectively, accounting for 1.8 +/- 1.1% and 0.52 +/- 0.65% of the total hepatic P450 content (0.15 +/- 0.19 and 0.27 +/- 0.14 nmol P450 mg-1 protein, respectively). The individual variation of the two marker drug oxidation activities could not be fully accounted for by the CYP2J2 contents or currently known CYP2J2 genotypes. The amounts of CYP2J2 in liver microsomes with the CYP2J2*7 allele (-76G>T) were decreased to 39% compared with those of liver microsomes from other individuals. The results indicate that CYP2J2 accounts for approximately 1-2% of total P450 in human liver microsomes. The information about large inter-individual variation of the CYP2J2 suggests that this enzyme plays a significant role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and may be useful in in-silico simulations of drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tougou K, Fukuda T, Ito T, Yamazaki H, Fujio Y, Azuma J. Genetic Polymorphism of Bile acid CoA: Amino acid N-acyltransferase in Japanese Individuals. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:125-8. [PMID: 17495420 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 147C>T in exon 2 (silent), 602G>C in exon 3 (Arg201Pro), and 1134C>T in exon 4 (silent), in the gene of bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) by resequencing the entire coding region and the exon-intron junctions of 100 Japanese individuals. The allelic frequencies were 0.005 for 147C>T, 0.095 for 602G>C, and 0.015 for 1134C>T. The two known SNPs, 59G>A (Arg20Gln, rs1572983) and UTR1513G>A (rs2229594), were detected at a frequency of 0.500 and 0.425, respectively. In the haplotype analysis for the 59G>A and 602G>C polymorphisms, the allelic frequency of 59G-602G, 59G-602C, 59A-602G and 59A-602C was 0.405, 0.095, 0.500 and 0.000, respectively. On the other hand, the allelic frequency of the nonsynonymous SNP 602G>C was 0.194 in a Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Tougou
- Clinical Evaluation of Medicines and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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