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Yu T, Yang LL, Zhou Y, Wu MF, Jiao JH. Exosome-mediated repair of spinal cord injury: a promising therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38167108 PMCID: PMC10763489 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) that can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and imposes a major economic burden on society. The pathological process of SCI is divided into primary and secondary injury, and secondary injury is a cascade of amplified responses triggered by the primary injury. Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanisms of SCI, there is no clear and effective treatment strategy in clinical practice. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles of endoplasmic origin with a diameter of 30-150 nm, play a critical role in intercellular communication and have become an ideal vehicle for drug delivery. A growing body of evidence suggests that exosomes have great potential for repairing SCI. In this review, we introduce exosome preparation, functions, and administration routes. In addition, we summarize the effect and mechanism by which various exosomes repair SCI and review the efficacy of exosomes in combination with other strategies to repair SCI. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the use of exosomes to repair SCI are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, The Third Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min-Fei Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Hang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China.
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Manai F, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Comincini S, Amadio M. Extracellular vesicles in degenerative retinal diseases: A new therapeutic paradigm. J Control Release 2024; 365:448-468. [PMID: 38013069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances. EVs play crucial functions in both cellular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, and since their contents reflect the status of the donor cell, they represent an additional valuable source of information for characterizing complex biological processes. Recent advances in isolation and analytical methods have led to substantial improvements in both characterizing and engineering EVs, leading to their use either as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis/prognosis or even as novel therapies. Due to their capacity to carry biomolecules, various EV-based therapeutic applications have been devised for several pathological conditions, including eye diseases. In the eye, EVs have been detected in the retina, aqueous humor, vitreous body and also in tears. Experiences with other forms of intraocular drug applications have opened new ways to use EVs in the treatment of retinal diseases. We here provide a comprehensive summary of the main in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo literature-based studies on EVs' role in ocular physiological and pathological conditions. We have focused on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, which are common eye diseases leading to permanent blindness, if not treated properly. In addition, the putative use of EVs in retinitis pigmentosa and other retinopathies is discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the potential of EVs as therapeutic tools and/or biomarkers in the above-mentioned retinal disorders. Evidence emerging from experimental disease models and human material strongly suggests future diagnostic and/or therapeutic exploitation of these biological agents in various ocular disorders with a good possibility to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Hwang JS, Kim J, You GE, Hong IH, Cho IH, Song HB, Shin YJ, Ma DJ. In Vivo Electroporation Improves Retinal Delivery of Intravitreally Injected Exosomes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:463-471. [PMID: 37486724 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are promising therapeutic agents and natural nanoscale delivery platforms for treating degenerative retinal diseases. This study investigated the effect of electroporation on the retinal delivery of intravitreally administered MSC-derived exosomes in a murine model. Methods: Exosomes isolated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs were stained with ExoGlow exosome-specific dye and administered to the right eyes of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats. Electroporation was performed in 20 rats immediately after intravitreal injection (electroporation group); 5 square pulses of 40 V/cm for 50 ms each with 950-ms intervals were administered. The remaining 20 rats were assigned to the no-electroporation group. The eyeballs were harvested 24 h later for evaluation. The total number of fluorescent particles per hyperfield was counted from the retinal flat mounts to quantify the retinal delivery of exosomes. Tissue damage after electroporation was evaluated using retinal histological sections and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: A significantly higher number of fluorescent particles per hyperfield were observed in the retinal flat mounts of the electroporation group compared with that in the no-electroporation group (599.0 ± 307.5 vs. 376.9 ± 175.4; P = 0.013). Retinal histological sections and TUNEL assays showed no signs of tissue damage after electroporation. Conclusions: In vivo electroporation can improve the retinal delivery of intravitreally injected exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital; Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center; Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- Research and Development Institute, Biosolution, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eun You
- Research and Development Institute, Biosolution, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Beom Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital; Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center; Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital; Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center; Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Goh YS, Park SE, Hwang J, Kang N, Jung JS, Kim YB, Choi EK, Park KM. Preventive Effects of Exosome-Rich Conditioned Medium From Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 37610767 PMCID: PMC10461646 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important disease that causes vision loss in many diabetic patients. Stem cell therapy has been attempted for treatment of this disease; however, it has some limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of exosome-rich conditioned medium (ERCM) derived from amniotic membrane stem cells for DR in rats. Methods Twenty-eight 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group 1, normal control (Con) group; group 2, diabetes mellitus (DM) group; and group 3, DM with ERCM-treated (DM-ERCM) group. DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The DM-ERCM group received ERCM containing 1.2 × 10⁹ exosomes into subconjunctival a total of four times every 2 weeks. Results On electroretinogram, the DM-ERCM group had significantly higher b-wave and flicker amplitudes than those in the DM group. In fundoscopy, retinal vascular attenuation was found in both the DM and DM-ERCM groups; however, was more severe in the DM group. On histology, the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layer rates of the total retinal layer significantly increased in the DM group compared with the Con group, whereas the DM-ERCM group showed no significant difference compared with the Con group. Cataracts progressed significantly more in the DM group than that in the DM-ERCM group and there was no uveitis in the DM-ERCM group. Conclusions Subconjunctival ERCM delayed the progression of DR and cataracts and significantly reduced the incidence of uveitis. Translational Relevance Our study shows the clinical potential of minimally invasive exosome-rich conditioned medium treatment to prevent diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yeong-Seok Goh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jiyi Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nanyoung Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Seung Jung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Wang Z, Tan W, Li B, Zou J, Li Y, Xiao Y, He Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in angiogenesis: Functions, mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18626. [PMID: 37560684 PMCID: PMC10407155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be produced by most cells. Exosomes act as important intermediaries in intercellular communication, and participate in a variety of biological activities between cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) usually refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins. Although ncRNAs have no protein-coding capacity, they are able to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, which is an important physiological process. However, abnormal angiogenesis could induce many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy and cancer. Many studies have shown that ncRNAs can stably exist in exosomes and play a wide range of physiological and pathological roles including regulation of angiogenesis. In brief, some specific ncRNAs can be enriched in exosomes secreted by cells and absorbed by recipient cells through the exosome pathway, thus activating relevant signaling pathways in target cells and playing a role in regulating angiogenesis. In this review, we describe the physiological and pathological functions of exosomal ncRNAs in angiogenesis, summarize their role in angiogenesis-related diseases, and illustrate potential clinical applications like novel drug therapy strategies and diagnostic markers in exosome research as inspiration for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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6
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Tian Y, Zhang T, Li J, Tao Y. Advances in development of exosomes for ophthalmic therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114899. [PMID: 37236425 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes contain multiple bioactive molecules and maintain the connection between cells. Recent advances in exosome-based therapeutics have witnessed unprecedented opportunities in treating ophthalmic diseases, including traumatic diseases, autoimmune diseases, chorioretinal diseases and others. Utilization of exosomes as delivery vectors to encapsulate both drugs and therapeutic genes could yield higher efficacy and avoid the unnecessary immune responses. However, exosome-based therapies also come with some potential ocular risks. In this review, we first present a general introduction to exosomes. Then we provide an overview of available applications and discuss their potential risks. Moreover, we review recently reported exosomes as delivery vectors for ophthalmic diseases. Finally, we put forward future perspectives to grapple with its translation and underlying issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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Du S, Guan Y, Xie A, Yan Z, Gao S, Li W, Rao L, Chen X, Chen T. Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37475025 PMCID: PMC10360328 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, natural blood-brain barrier penetration, and capacity for gene delivery. This review first introduces the classification of EVs and then discusses several currently popular methods for isolating and purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, and the functionalization of EVs as carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues for the development of EVs-based therapeutic strategies in different fields of medicine. Finally, it highlights some challenges and future perspectives with regard to the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Du
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yucheng Guan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Aihua Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Wang L, Wei X. Exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis: a focus on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202704. [PMID: 37529047 PMCID: PMC10388248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound tiny particles that are released by all live cells that contain multiple signal molecules and extensively participate in numerous normal physical activities and pathologies. In glaucoma, the crucial role of exosome-based crosstalk has been primarily revealed in animal models and ex vivo cell studies in the recent decade. In the aqueous drainage system, exosomes derived from non-pigment ciliary epithelium act in an endocrine manner and specifically regulate the function of the trabecular meshwork to cope with persistent oxidative stress challenges. In the retina, a more complicated regulatory network among microglia, retinal neurons, retinal ganglial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and other immune effector cells by exosomes are responsible for the elaborate modulation of tissue homeostasis under physical state and the widespread propagation of neuroinflammation and its consequent neurodegeneration in glaucoma pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosome-based crosstalk depends on numerous factors, including the specific cargos they carried (particularly micro RNA), concentration, size, and ionization potentials, which largely remain elusive. In this narrative review, we summarize the latest research focus of exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis, the current research progress of exosome-based therapy for glaucoma and provide in-depth perspectives on its current research gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, ShangjinNanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Peng X, Zhang T, Liu R, Jin X. Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04798-w. [PMID: 37402019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Posterior ocular disease, a disease that accounts for 55% of all ocular diseases, can contribute to permanent vision loss if left without treatment. Due to the special structure of the eye, various obstacles make it difficult for drugs to reach lesions in the posterior ocular segment. Therefore, the development of highly permeable targeted drugs and delivery systems is particularly important. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles at 30-150 nm, which are secreted by various cells, tissues, and body fluids. They carry various signaling molecules, thus endowing them with certain physiological functions. In this review, we describe the ocular barriers and the biogenesis, isolation, and engineering of exosomes, as exosomes not only have pharmacological effects but also are good nanocarriers with targeted properties. Moreover, their biocompatibility and immunogenicity are better than synthetic nanocarriers. Most importantly, they may have the ability to pass through the blood-eye barrier. Thus, they may be developed as both targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. We focus on the current status and potential application of exosomes as targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles in posterior ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Health Services, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, Chenlin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
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10
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Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li J. Proteomic analysis of vitreal exosomes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2061-2068. [PMID: 36253458 PMCID: PMC10333309 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the proteomic profiles of exosomes derived from vitreous humour (VH) obtained from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients and non-diabetic controls with idiopathic macular hole/epiretinal membrane. METHODS Vitreal exosomes were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation, followed by characterisation performed using different techniques. A label-free proteomic analysis was conducted to determine the protein profiles of the exosomes. A parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was performed to verify the identified proteins and associated functional annotations were derived by gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilised to evaluate the diagnostic value of target proteins in distinguishing PDR from controls. RESULTS Exosomes were successfully isolated from VH, and were well characterised by various techniques. The results of proteomic analysis showed that a total of 758 proteins were identified and 10 proteins were screened as differentially expressed proteins, significantly changed in the PDR group containing 4 elevated proteins and 6 reduced proteins. GO analysis indicated that these differential proteins were mainly involved in many metabolic pathways, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, adenosine diphosphate metabolic process and glycolytic process. The KEGG analysis enriched the top five pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signalling pathway and carbon metabolism. The differential proteins, namely, lactate dehydrogenase A, ficolin 3, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein M, were further verified by PRM and showed a consistent trend with label-free proteomic analysis. The ROC analysis identified these proteins as promising biomarkers for PDR diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Vitreal exosomes from patients with PDR contained few proteins unique to PDR; thus, exosomal proteins have great potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Liaocheng Eye Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Chatterjee A, Singh R. Extracellular vesicles: an emerging player in retinal homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1059141. [PMID: 37181750 PMCID: PMC10166895 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1059141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass secreted membrane vesicles of varied sizes, including exosomes (-30-200 nm) and microvesicles (MVs) that are ∼100-1,000 nm in size. EVs play an important role in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling and are implicated in myriad human disorders including prominent retinal degenerative diseases, like age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Studies of EVs in vitro using transformed cell lines, primary cultures, and more recently, induced pluripotent stem cell derived retinal cell type(s) (e.g., retinal pigment epithelium) have provided insights into the composition and function of EVs in the retina. Furthermore, consistent with a causal role of EVs in retinal degenerative diseases, altering EV composition has promoted pro-retinopathy cellular and molecular events in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of EVs in retinal (patho)physiology. Specifically, we will focus on disease-associated EV alterations in specific retinal diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential utility of EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for targeting retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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12
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Wu KY, Ahmad H, Lin G, Carbonneau M, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041167. [PMID: 37111652 PMCID: PMC10142951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has exhibited rapid growth. Due to their regenerative, reparatory, and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have been widely investigated as therapeutic agents in the cell-based treatment of chronic ophthalmic pathologies. However, the applicability of MSC-based therapy is limited by suboptimal biocompatibility, penetration, and delivery to the target ocular tissues. An emerging body of research has elucidated the role of exosomes in the biological functions of MSCs, and that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties similar to MSCs. The recent advances in MSCs-derived exosomes can serve as solutions to the challenges faced by MSCs-therapy. Due to their nano-dimensions, MSC-derived exosomes can rapidly penetrate biological barriers and reach immune-privileged organs, allowing for efficient delivery of therapeutic factors such as trophic and immunomodulatory agents to ocular tissues that are typically challenging to target by conventional therapy and MSCs transplantation. In addition, the use of EVs minimizes the risks associated with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In this literature review, we focus on the studies published between 2017 and 2022, highlighting the characteristics of EVs derived from MSCs and their biological functions in treating anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of EVs in clinical settings. Rapid advancements in regenerative medicine and exosome-based drug delivery, in conjunction with an increased understanding of ocular pathology and pharmacology, hold great promise for the treatment of ocular diseases. The potential of exosome-based therapies is exciting and can revolutionize the way we approach these ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery-Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Hamza Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Grace Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marjorie Carbonneau
- Department of Surgery-Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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13
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Tung S, Delavogia E, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of the stem cell secretome in neonatal diseases. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151730. [PMID: 36990921 PMCID: PMC10133192 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth and intrapartum related complications account for a substantial amount of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period despite significant advancements in neonatal-perinatal care. Currently, there is a noticeable lack of curative or preventative therapies available for any of the most common complications of prematurity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and retinopathy of prematurity or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the main cause of perinatal brain injury in term infants. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived therapy has been an active area of investigation for the past decade and has demonstrated encouraging results in multiple experimental models of neonatal disease. It is now widely acknowledged that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells exert their therapeutic effects via their secretome, with the principal vector identified as extracellular vesicles. This review will focus on summarizing the current literature and investigations on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a treatment for neonatal diseases and examine the considerations to their application in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eleni Delavogia
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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14
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Wu KY, Joly-Chevrier M, Akbar D, Tran SD. Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041094. [PMID: 37111579 PMCID: PMC10142934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior segment eye diseases present a challenge in treatment due to the complex structures in the eye that serve as robust static and dynamic barriers, limiting the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of topical and intraocular medications. This hinders effective treatment and requires frequent dosing, such as the regular use of eye drops or visits to the ophthalmologist for intravitreal injections, to manage the disease. Moreover, the drugs must be biodegradable to minimize toxicity and adverse reactions, as well as small enough to not affect the visual axis. The development of biodegradable nano-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) can be the solution to these challenges. First, they can stay in ocular tissues for longer periods of time, reducing the frequency of drug administration. Second, they can pass through ocular barriers, offering higher bioavailability to targeted tissues that are otherwise inaccessible. Third, they can be made up of polymers that are biodegradable and nanosized. Hence, therapeutic innovations in biodegradable nanosized DDS have been widely explored for ophthalmic drug delivery applications. In this review, we will present a concise overview of DDSs utilized in the treatment of ocular diseases. We will then examine the current therapeutic challenges faced in the management of posterior segment diseases and explore how various types of biodegradable nanocarriers can enhance our therapeutic arsenal. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2023 was conducted. Through the advances in biodegradable materials, combined with a better understanding of ocular pharmacology, the nano-based DDSs have rapidly evolved, showing great promise to overcome challenges currently encountered by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | | | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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15
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Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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16
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Shekari F, Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Mirzaei M, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Graham SL, Salekdeh GH. Extracellular Vesicles as reconfigurable therapeutics for eye diseases: Promises and hurdles. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 225:102437. [PMID: 36931589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide suffer from visual impairment. However, most available therapies rely on impeding the development of a particular eye disorder. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for effective alternative treatments, specifically regenerative therapies. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, ectosomes, or microvesicles, are released by cells and play a potential role in regeneration. Following an introduction to EV biogenesis and isolation methods, this integrative review provides an overview of our current knowledge about EVs as a communication paradigm in the eye. Then, we focused on the therapeutic applications of EVs derived from conditioned medium, biological fluid, or tissue and highlighted some recent developments in strategies to boost the innate therapeutic potential of EVs by loading various kinds of drugs or being engineered at the level of producing cells or EVs. Challenges faced in the development of safe and effective translation of EV-based therapy into clinical settings for eye diseases are also discussed to pave the road toward reaching feasible regenerative therapies required for eye-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Habibi A, Zarei-Behjani Z, Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Ebrahimi F, Soleimani M, Nejabat M, Khosravi A, Moayedfard Z, Pakbaz S, Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Azarpira N. Extracellular vesicles as a new horizon in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases: A narrative review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097456. [PMID: 36969177 PMCID: PMC10033955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Their cargos contain a diverse variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in both normal physiology and pathology of the ocular system. Thus, studying extracellular vesicles may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and even potential treatments for various diseases. The roles of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory eye disorders have been widely investigated in recent years. The term “inflammatory eye diseases” refers to a variety of eye conditions such as inflammation-related diseases, degenerative conditions with remarkable inflammatory components, neuropathy, and tumors. This study presents an overview of extracellular vesicles’ and exosomes’ pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic values in inflammatory eye diseases, as well as existing and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Habibi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zarei-Behjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
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18
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Hossein-Khannazer N, Babajani A, Aghdaei HA, Arki MK, Afaghi S, Niknejad H, Vosough M. Exosomes for angiogenesis induction in ischemic disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:763-787. [PMID: 36786037 PMCID: PMC10003030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic disorders are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the current therapeutic approaches have improved life expectancy and quality of life, they are unable to "cure" ischemic diseases and instate regeneration of damaged tissues. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with an average size of 100-150 nm, secreted by many cell types and considered a potent factor of cells for paracrine effects. Since exosomes contain multiple bioactive components such as growth factors, molecular intermediates of different intracellular pathways, microRNAs and nucleic acids, they are considered as cell-free therapeutics. Besides, exosomes do not rise cell therapy concerns such as teratoma formation, alloreactivity and thrombotic events. In addition, exosomes are stored and utilized more convenient. Interestingly, exosomes could be an ideal complementary therapeutic tool for ischemic disorders. In this review, we discussed therapeutic functions of exosomes in ischemic disorders including angiogenesis induction through various mechanisms with specific attention to vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. Furthermore, different delivery routes of exosomes and different modification strategies including cell preconditioning, gene modification and bioconjugation, were highlighted. Finally, pre-clinical and clinical investigations in which exosomes were used were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Afaghi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Mathew B, Acha LG, Torres LA, Huang CC, Liu A, Kalinin S, Leung K, Dai Y, Feinstein DL, Ravindran S, Roth S. MicroRNA-based engineering of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles for treatment of retinal ischemic disorders: Engineered extracellular vesiclesand retinal ischemia. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:782-797. [PMID: 36638942 PMCID: PMC10005109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging therapeutic tools. Hypoxic pre-conditioning (HPC) of MSCs altered the production of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs, and enhanced the cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of their derivative EVs in retinal cells. EV miRNAs were identified as the primary contributors of these EV functions. Through miRNA seq analyses, miRNA-424 was identified as a candidate for the retina to overexpress in EVs for enhancing cytoprotection and anti-inflammatory effects. FEEs (functionally engineered EVs) overexpressing miR424 (FEE424) significantly enhanced neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro in retinal cells. FEE424 functioned by reducing inflammatory cytokine production in retinal microglia, and attenuating oxygen free radicals in retinal Muller cells and microvascular endothelial cells, providing a multi-pronged approach to enhancing recovery after retinal ischemic insult. In an in vivo model of retinal ischemia, native, HPC, and FEE424 MSC EVs robustly and similarly restored function to close to baseline, and prevented loss of retinal ganglion cells, but HPC EVs provided the most effective attenuation of apoptosis-related and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. These results indicate the potential for EV engineering to produce ameliorative effects for retinal diseases with a significant inflammatory component. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We show that functionally engineered extracellular vesicles (FEEs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide cytoprotection in rat retina subjected to ischemia. FEEs overexpressing microRNA 424 (FEE424) function by reducing inflammatory cytokine production in retinal microglia, and attenuating oxygen free radicals in Muller cells and microvascular endothelial cells, providing a multi-pronged approach to enhancing recovery. In an in vivo model of retinal ischemia in rats, native, hypoxic-preconditioned (HPC), and FEE424 MSC EVs robustly and similarly restored function, and prevented loss of retinal ganglion cells, but HPC EVs provided the most effective attenuation of apoptosis-related and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. The results indicate the potential for EV engineering to produce ameliorative effects for retinal diseases with a significant inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Lorea Gamboa Acha
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Leianne A Torres
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Kasey Leung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois-Chicago
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs, Chicago, IL
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois-Chicago.
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago.
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20
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Reddy SK, Ballal AR, Shailaja S, Seetharam RN, Raghu CH, Sankhe R, Pai K, Tender T, Mathew M, Aroor A, Shetty AK, Adiga S, Devi V, Muttigi MS, Upadhya D. Small extracellular vesicle-loaded bevacizumab reduces the frequency of intravitreal injection required for diabetic retinopathy. Theranostics 2023; 13:2241-2255. [PMID: 37153730 PMCID: PMC10157735 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with retinal neovascularization, hard exudates, inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, leading to vision loss. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy through repeated intravitreal injections is an established treatment for reducing VEGF levels in the retina for inhibiting neovascularization and leakage of hard exudates to prevent vision loss. Although anti-VEGF therapy has several clinical benefits, its monthly injection potentially causes devastating ocular complications, including trauma, intraocular hemorrhage, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, etc. Methods: As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) demonstrated safety in clinical studies, we have tested the efficacy of MSC-derived small EVs (MSC-sEVs) loaded anti-VEGF drug bevacizumab in a rat model of DR. Results: The study identified a clinically significant finding that sEV loaded with bevacizumab reduces the frequency of intravitreal injection required for treating diabetic retinopathy. The sustained effect is observed from the reduced levels of VEGF, exudates and leukostasis for more than two months following intravitreal injection of sEV loaded with bevacizumab, while bevacizumab alone could maintain reduced levels for about one month. Furthermore, retinal cell death was consistently lower in this period than only bevacizumab. Conclusion: This study provided significant evidence for the prolonged benefits of sEVs as a drug delivery system. Also, EV-mediated drug delivery systems could be considered for clinical application of retinal diseases as they maintain vitreous clarity in the light path due to their composition being similar to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar K Reddy
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Abhijna R Ballal
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - S Shailaja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Chandrashekar H Raghu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kanthilatha Pai
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Tenzin Tender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Mary Mathew
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shalini Adiga
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vasudha Devi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- ✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Dinesh Upadhya, Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India. ; Phone: +91 820 2923611; Total word count: 9923
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Attia N, Khalifa YH, Mashal M, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Therapeutic Tool for Eye Diseases: From Benchtop to Bedside. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:127-143. [PMID: 36525172 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have remarkably drawn clinicians' attention in treating ocular diseases. As a paracrine factor of stem cells and an appealing alternative for off-the-shelf cell-free therapeutics, SC-EVs can be conveniently applied topically on the ocular surface or introduced to the retina via intravitreal injection, without increasing the risks of immunogenesis or oncogenesis. This chapter aims to assess the potential applications for EV, obtained from various types of stem cells, in myriad eye diseases (traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, immunological, etc.). To the best of our knowledge, all relevant pre-clinical studies are summarized here. Furthermore, we highlight the up-to-date status of clinical trials in the same realm and emphasize where future research efforts should be directed. For a successful clinical translation, various drawbacks of EVs therapy should be overcome (e.g., contamination, infection, insufficient yield, etc.). Moreover, standardized, and scalable extraction, purification, and characterization protocols are highly suggested to determine the exosome quality before they are offered to patients with ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Attia
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, NanoBioCel Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Khalifa
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, NanoBioCel Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, NanoBioCel Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle Jose Atxotegi, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, NanoBioCel Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle Jose Atxotegi, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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22
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Delavogia E, Ntentakis DP, Cortinas JA, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Alex Mitsialis S, Kourembanas S. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles and Perinatal Injury: One Formula for Many Diseases. Stem Cells 2022; 40:991-1007. [PMID: 36044737 PMCID: PMC9707037 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, substantial advances in neonatal medical care have increased the survival of extremely premature infants. However, there continues to be significant morbidity associated with preterm birth with common complications including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), neuronal injury such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), as well as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Common developmental immune and inflammatory pathways underlie the pathophysiology of such complications providing the opportunity for multisystem therapeutic approaches. To date, no single therapy has proven to be effective enough to prevent or treat the sequelae of prematurity. In the past decade mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutic approaches have shown promising results in numerous experimental models of neonatal diseases. It is now accepted that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is comprised of their secretome, and several studies have recognized the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as the paracrine vector. Herein, we review the current literature on the MSC-EVs as potential therapeutic agents in neonatal diseases and comment on the progress and challenges of their translation to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Delavogia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Ntentakis
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Cortinas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Optic Nerve Injury: Neuroprotection and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233720. [PMID: 36496979 PMCID: PMC9738450 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies hold great promise as alternative treatments for incurable optic nerve disorders. Although mesenchymal stem cells exhibit various tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities that may serve as valuable therapies, the clinical applications remain limited. Thus, we investigated the utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSCs) in this context. Hypoxically preconditioned hPSCs (HPPSCs) were prepared via short-term incubation under 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. The EVs were then isolated. R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) were exposed to CoCl2 and treated with EVs for 24 h. Cell proliferation and regeneration were measured using a BrdU assay and immunoblotting; ATP quantification revealed the extent of the mitochondrial function. The proteome was determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected and their interactions identified. HPPSC_EVs functions were explored using animal models of optic nerve compression. HPPSC_EVs restored cell proliferation and mitochondrial quality control in R28 cells damaged by CoCl2. We identified DEPs (p < 0.05) that aided recovery. The mitochondrial DEPs included LONP1; PARK7; VDAC1, 2, and 3; HSPD1; and HSPA9. EVs regulated the levels of mitophagic proteins in R28 cells injured by hypoxia; the protein levels did not increase in LONP1 knockdown cells. LONP1 is a key mediator of the mitophagy that restores mitochondrial function after hypoxia-induced optic nerve injury.
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24
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Ebrahim N, El-Halim HEA, Helal OK, El-Azab NEE, Badr OAM, Hassouna A, Saihati HAA, Aborayah NH, Emam HT, El-Wakeel HS, Aljasir M, El-Sherbiny M, Sarg NAS, Shaker GA, Mostafa O, Sabry D, Fouly MAK, Forsyth NR, Elsherbiny NM, Salim RF. Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on diabetes-induced retinal injury: Implication of Wnt/ b-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113554. [PMID: 35987163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cells are currently studied as therapeutic strategy for management of DR. Exosomes, considered as a promising cell-free therapy option, display biological functions similar to those of their parent cells. In retinal development, Wnt/b-catenin signaling provides key cues for functional progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BM-MSCs-Ex) in diabetes-induced retinal injury via modulation of the Wnt/ b-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Eighty-one rats were allocated into 6 groups (control, DR, DR + DKK1, DR + exosomes, DR + Wnt3a and DR + exosomes+Wnt3a). Evaluation of each group was via histopathological examination, assessment of gene and/or protein expression concerned with oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, Nox2, Nox4, iNOS), inflammation (TNF-α, ICAM-1, NF-κB) and angiogenesis (VEGF, VE-cadherin). RESULTS Results demonstrated that exosomes blocked the wnt/b-catenin pathway in diabetic retina concomitant with significant reduction of features of DR as shown by downregulation of retinal oxidants, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, suppression of retinal inflammatory and angiogenic markers. These results were further confirmed by histopathological results, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography. Additionally, exosomes ameliorative effects abrogated wnt3a-triggered retinal injury in DR. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrated that exosomes ameliorated diabetes-induced retinal injury via suppressing Wnt/ b-catenin signaling with subsequent reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | | | - Omayma Kamel Helal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | | | - Omnia A M Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Amira Hassouna
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hajir A Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hanan Tawfeek Emam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Hend S El-Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa A S Sarg
- Department of Anatomy, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Gehan Ahmed Shaker
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | | | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Rabab F Salim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
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25
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Yang J, Liu Z. Mechanistic Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:816400. [PMID: 35692405 PMCID: PMC9174994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be the major targets of hyperglycemic injury. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damages to the vascular endothelium, via multiple pathophysiological process consist of inflammation, endothelial cell crosstalk with podocytes/pericytes and exosomes. In addition, DN and DR diseases development are involved in several critical regulators including the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the Notch signal. The present review attempts to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis complexities underlying the endothelial dysfunction in diabetes diabetic and retinopathy, contributing to the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies against diabetes-induced microvascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Ma S, Liu X, Yin J, Hao L, Diao Y, Zhong J. Exosomes and autophagy in ocular surface and retinal diseases: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:174. [PMID: 35505403 PMCID: PMC9066793 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular surface and retinal diseases are widespread problems that cannot be ignored in today's society. However, existing prevention and treatment still have many shortcomings and limitations, and fail to effectively hinder the occurrence and development of them. MAIN BODY The purpose of this review is to give a detailed description of the potential mechanism of exosomes and autophagy. The eukaryotic endomembrane system refers to a range of membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm that are interconnected structurally and functionally, which regionalize and functionalize the cytoplasm to meet the needs of cells under different conditions. Exosomal biogenesis and autophagy are two important components of this system and are connected by lysosomal pathways. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain multiple signaling molecules produced by multivesicular bodies derived from endosomes. Autophagy includes lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathways of cells or organelles. Recent studies have revealed that there is a common molecular mechanism between exosomes and autophagy, which have been, respectively, confirmed to involve in ocular surface and retinal diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between exosomes and autophagy and is mostly focused on fundus diseases, while a deeper understanding of them will provide new directions for the pathological mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular surface and retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyao Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Ave, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. .,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Sanghani A, Andriesei P, Kafetzis KN, Tagalakis AD, Yu‐Wai‐Man C. Advances in exosome therapies in ophthalmology-From bench to clinical trial. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:243-252. [PMID: 34114746 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the fields of advanced and personalized therapeutics have been constantly evolving, utilizing novel techniques such as gene editing and RNA therapeutic approaches. However, the method of delivery and tissue specificity remain the main hurdles of these approaches. Exosomes are natural carriers of functional small RNAs and proteins, representing an area of increasing interest in the field of drug delivery. It has been demonstrated that the exosome cargo, especially miRNAs, is at least partially responsible for the therapeutic effects of exosomes. Exosomes deliver their luminal content to the recipient cells and can be used as vesicles for the therapeutic delivery of RNAs and proteins. Synthetic therapeutic drugs can also be encapsulated into exosomes as they have a hydrophilic core, which makes them suitable to carry water-soluble drugs. In addition, engineered exosomes can display a variety of surface molecules, such as peptides, to target specific cells in tissues. The exosome properties present an added advantage to the targeted delivery of therapeutics, leading to increased efficacy and minimizing the adverse side effects. Furthermore, exosomes are natural nanoparticles found in all cell types and as a result, they do not elicit an immune response when administered. Exosomes have also demonstrated decreased long-term accumulation in tissues and organs and thus carry a low risk of systemic toxicity. This review aims to discuss all the advances in exosome therapies in ophthalmology and to give insight into the challenges that would need to be overcome before exosome therapies can be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Sanghani
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Ophthalmology St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
| | - Petru Andriesei
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Ophthalmology St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
| | | | | | - Cynthia Yu‐Wai‐Man
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Ophthalmology St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
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28
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Rad LM, Yumashev AV, Hussen BM, Jamad HH, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Rostami S, Niazi V, Hajiesmaeili M. Therapeutic Potential of Microvesicles in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine of Ocular Diseases With an Especial Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Microvesicles. Front Genet 2022; 13:847679. [PMID: 35422841 PMCID: PMC9001951 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.847679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
These days, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), because of immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic abilities, are known as inevitable factors in regenerative medicine and cell therapy in different diseases such as ocular disorder. Moreover, researchers have indicated that exosome possess an essential potential in the therapeutic application of ocular disease. MSC-derived exosome (MSC-DE) have been identified as efficient as MSCs for treatment of eye injuries due to their small size and rapid diffusion all over the eye. MSC-DEs easily transfer their ingredients such as miRNAs, proteins, and cytokines to the inner layer in the eye and increase the reconstruction of the injured area. Furthermore, MSC-DEs deliver their immunomodulatory cargos in inflamed sites and inhibit immune cell migration, resulting in improvement of autoimmune uveitis. Interestingly, therapeutic effects were shown only in animal models that received MSC-DE. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic potential of MSCs and MSC-DE in cell therapy and regenerative medicine of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Moallemi Rad
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Alexey V Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Hadayat Jamad
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Samaneh Rostami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciecnes, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakin Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Li H, Su Y, Wang F, Tao F. Exosomes: a new way of protecting and regenerating optic nerve after injury. Hum Cell 2022; 35:771-778. [PMID: 35258808 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As an important part of the central nervous system (CNS), the optic nerve usually cannot regenerate directly after injury. Therefore, treating the injury and restoring the function of the optic nerve are a historical problem in the medical field. Due to the special anatomical position of the optic nerve, the microenvironment needed for protection and regeneration after injury is lacking. Therefore, preventing the continued loss of neurons, protecting the functional nerves, and promoting the effective protection of nerves are the main ways to solve the problem. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, composed of lipid bilayers, proteins, and genetic material. They have key functions in cell-to-cell communication, immune regulation, inflammation, and regeneration. More and more shreds of evidence show that exosomes not only play an important role in systemic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and brain diseases; they also play a key role in ophthalmological diseases. This article reviews the role of exosomes in the protection and regeneration of the optic nerve after optic nerve injury in related experimental studies and clinical treatment methods. GRAPHICAL ABSTARCT: .
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, China.
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30
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Mounirou BAM, Adam ND, Yakoura AKH, Aminou MSM, Liu YT, Tan LY. Diabetic Retinopathy: An Overview of Treatments. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:111-118. [PMID: 35873941 PMCID: PMC9302419 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_480_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), substantially impacts the quality of life of diabetic patients, it remains, in developed countries, the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults (20-65 years). Currently, about 90 million diabetics suffer from DR. DR is a silent complication that in its early stages is asymptomatic. However, over time, chronic hyperglycemia can lead to sensitive retinal damage, leading to fluid accumulation and retinal haemorrhage (HM), resulting in cloudy or blurred vision. It can, therefore, lead to severe visual impairment or even blindness if left untreated. It can be classified into nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). NPDR is featured with intraretinal microvasculature changes and can be further divided into mild, moderate, and severe stages that may associate with diabetic macular oedema (DME). PDR involves the formation and growth of new blood vessels (retinal neovascularisation) under low oxygen conditions. Early identification and treatment are key priorities for reducing the morbidity of diabetic eye disease. In the early stages of DR, a tight control of glycemia, blood pressure, plasma lipids, and regular monitoring can help prevent its progression to more advanced stages. In advanced stages, the main treatments of DR include intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, laser treatments, and vitrectomy. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature pertaining to the latest progress in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassirou A. M. Mounirou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Nouhou D. Adam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lamorde National Hospital, Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Mahamane S. M. Aminou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, General Reference Hospital of Niamey, Niger
| | - Yu T. Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lamorde National Hospital, Niamey, Niger
| | - Li Y. Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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31
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Chaubey S, Bhandari V. Stem cells in neonatal diseases: An overview. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101325. [PMID: 35367186 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth and its common complications are major causes of infant mortality and long-term morbidity. Despite great advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neonatal diseases and improvements in neonatal intensive care, effective therapies for the prevention or treatment for these conditions are still lacking. Stem cell (SC) therapy is rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic tool for several diseases of the newborn with encouraging pre-clinical results that hold promise for translation to the bedside. The utility of different types of SCs in neonatal diseases is being explored. SC therapeutic efficacy is closely associated with its secretome-conditioned media and SC-derived extracellular vesicles, and a subsequent paracrine action in response to tissue injuries. In the current review, we summarize the pre-clinical and clinical studies of SCs and its secretome in diverse preterm and term birth-related diseases, thereby providing new insights for future therapies in neonatal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Chaubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA, 19013, USA.
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Suite Dorrance 755, One Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
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32
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Therapeutic Potential of Human Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031439. [PMID: 35163361 PMCID: PMC8835918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for diverse diseases and injuries. The biological and clinical advantages of human fetal MSCs (hfMSCs) have recently been reported. In terms of promising therapeutic approaches for diverse diseases and injuries, hfMSCs have gained prominence as healing tools for clinical therapies. Therefore, this review assesses not the only biological advantages of hfMSCs for healing human diseases and regeneration, but also the research evidence for the engraftment and immunomodulation of hfMSCs based on their sources and biological components. Of particular clinical relevance, the present review also suggests the potential therapeutic feasibilities of hfMSCs for musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Yu Y, Li L, Lin S, Hu J. Update of application of olfactory ensheathing cells and stem cells/exosomes in the treatment of retinal disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:11. [PMID: 35012635 PMCID: PMC8751324 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal disorders are the main causes of visual impairment worldwide. In the past, these retinal diseases, especially dry age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa, were treated with traditional surgery and drugs. However, the effect was moderate. In recent years, researchers have used embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells and other stem cells to conduct experiments and found that stem cells can inhibit inflammation, regulate immune response, secrete neurotrophic factors, and differentiate into retinal cells to replace and promote restoration of the damaged parts. These stem cells have the potential to treat retinal diseases. Whether it is in animal experiments or clinical trials, the increase in the number of retinal cells, maintenance of function and improvement of visual function all reflect the advanced of stem cells to treat retinal diseases, but its risk preserves the donor's hidden pathogenic genes, immune rejection and tumorigenicity. With the development of exosomes study, researchers have discovered that exosomes come from a wide range of sources and can be secreted by almost all types of cells. Using exosomes with stem cell to treat retinal diseases is more effective than using stem cells alone. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the application of olfactory ensheathing cells and stem cells/exosomes in the treatment of retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Licheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China. .,The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, China.
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Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhanced Therapeutic Utility in Ischemic Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010249. [PMID: 35008675 PMCID: PMC8745455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells isolated from various tissue sources, including but not limited to bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, and Wharton Jelly. Although cell-mediated mechanisms have been reported, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is now recognized to be primarily mediated via paracrine effects through the secretion of bioactive molecules, known as the “secretome”. The regenerative benefit of the secretome has been attributed to trophic factors and cytokines that play neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic/pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory roles. The advancement of autologous MSCs therapy can be hindered when introduced back into a hostile/disease environment. Barriers include impaired endogenous MSCs function, limited post-transplantation cell viability, and altered immune-modulatory efficiency. Although secretome-based therapeutics have gained popularity, many translational hurdles, including the heterogeneity of MSCs, limited proliferation potential, and the complex nature of the secretome, have impeded the progress. This review will discuss the experimental and clinical impact of restoring the functional capabilities of MSCs prior to transplantation and the progress in secretome therapies involving extracellular vesicles. Modulation and utilization of MSCs–secretome are most likely to serve as an effective strategy for promoting their ultimate success as therapeutic modulators.
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Fu Y, Gao X, He GH, Chen S, Gu ZH, Zhang YL, Li LY. Protective effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in a diabetic rat model through live retinal imaging. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1828-1833. [PMID: 34926195 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hucMSC-Exs) in a diabetic rat model by using a variety of retinal bioassays. METHODS hucMSCs were subjected to differential ultracentrifugation for the collection of exosomes, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) using a NanoSight analysis system and Western blotting (WB) were used to analyze the expression of surface marker proteins such as CD63, CD9 and Calnexin. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity to establish a diabetic model. Rats were divided into a normal group, diabetic group and hucMSC-Ex group. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and other live imaging methods were used to observe the fundus of the rats. Finally, the eyeballs of rats from each group were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to further analyze the retinal structure. RESULTS Through TEM, NTA and WB, we successfully isolated hucMSC-Exs. Subsequent FFA and OCT confirmed that hucMSC-Exs effectively prevented early retinal vascular damage and thickening of the retina. Finally, HE staining of rat retinal sections revealed that exosomes effectively alleviated retinal structure disruption caused by diabetes. CONCLUSION hucMSC-Exs have a protective effect on the retina in diabetic rat through FFA, OCT and HE staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guang-Hui He
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China.,Ophthalmic Center of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Song Chen
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
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Sun F, Xu W, Qian H. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in retinal diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13227-13245. [PMID: 35035672 PMCID: PMC8748154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a type of nanosized membranous vesicles secreted by living cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communications with excellent physicochemical stability and biocompatibility. By delivering biologically active molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, EVs participate in many physiological and pathological processes. Increasing studies have suggested that EVs may be biomarkers for liquid biopsy of retinal diseases due to the ability to transfer through the blood-retinal barrier. EVs also represent a novel cell-free strategy to repair tissue damage in regenerative medicine. Evidence has indicated that EVs can be engineered and modified to enhance their efficacy. In this review, an overview of the characteristics, isolation, and identification of EVs is provided. Moreover, recent advances with EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases and the engineering approaches to elevate their effects are introduced, and opportunities and challenges for clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Agrawal M, Rasiah PK, Bajwa A, Rajasingh J, Gangaraju R. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Induced Foxp3(+) Tregs Suppress Effector T Cells and Protect against Retinal Ischemic Injury. Cells 2021; 10:3006. [PMID: 34831229 PMCID: PMC8616393 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are well known for immunomodulation; however, the mechanisms involved in their benefits in the ischemic retina are unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that MSC induces upregulation of transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) in T cells to elicit immune modulation, and thus, protect against retinal damage. Induced MSCs (iMSCs) were generated by differentiating the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from urinary epithelial cells through a noninsertional reprogramming approach. In in-vitro cultures, iMSC transferred mitochondria to immune cells via F-actin nanotubes significantly increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) for basal respiration and ATP production, suppressed effector T cells, and promoted differentiation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in coculture with mouse splenocytes. In in-vivo studies, iMSCs transplanted in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injured eye significantly increased Foxp3+ Tregs in the retina compared to that of saline-injected I/R eyes. Furthermore, iMSC injected I/R eyes significantly decreased retinal inflammation as evidenced by reduced gene expression of IL1β, VCAM1, LAMA5, and CCL2 and improved b-wave amplitudes compared to that of saline-injected I/R eyes. Our study demonstrates that iMSCs can transfer mitochondria to immune cells to suppress the effector T cell population. Additionally, our current data indicate that iMSC can enhance differentiation of T cells into Foxp3 Tregs in vitro and therapeutically improve the retina's immune function by upregulation of Tregs to decrease inflammation and reduce I/R injury-induced retinal degeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Agrawal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.); (P.K.R.)
| | - Pratheepa Kumari Rasiah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.); (P.K.R.)
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.); (P.K.R.)
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Park UC, Park SS, Kim BH, Park SW, Kim YJ, Cary W, Anderson JD, Nolta JA, Yu HG. Subretinal versus intravitreal administration of human CD34+ bone marrow-derived stem cells in a rat model of inherited retinal degeneration. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1275. [PMID: 34532412 PMCID: PMC8421968 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate whether subretinal or intravitreal injection of human CD34+ bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) can have protective effects on retinal degeneration that may be enhanced by coadministration of exosomes harvested from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Human CD34+ cells were harvested from the mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow using magnetic beads and labeled with EGFP. Exosomes were harvested from cultured human MSCs under hypoxic conditions. Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) 3-weeks-old rats, immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A, received subretinal or intravitreal injection of CD34+ cells (50,000 cells), CD34+ cells with exosomes (50,000 cells+10 µg), exosomes alone (10 µg), or PBS. Retinal function was examined using electroretinography (ERG), and the eyes were harvested for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The b-wave amplitude of ERG at 2 weeks after injection was significantly higher in eyes with subretinal or intravitreal CD34+ BMSC alone or in combination with exosomes when compared to PBS injected eyes or untreated contralateral eyes. At 4 weeks after injection, the ERG signal decreased in all groups but eyes with subretinal CD34+ BMSCs alone or combined with exosomes showed partially preserved ERG signal and preservation of the outer nuclear layer of the retina near the injection site on histology when compared to eyes with PBS injection. Immunohistochemical analysis identified the human cells in the outer retina. Subretinal or intravitreal exosome injection had no effect on retinal degeneration when administered alone or in combination with CD34+ cells. Conclusions Both subretinal and intravitreal injection of human CD34+ BMSCs can provide functional rescue of degenerating retina, although the effects were attenuated over time in this rat model. Regional preservation of the outer retina can occur near the subretinal injection site of CD34+ cells. These results suggest that CD34+ cells may have therapeutic potential in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Chul Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susanna S Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis. Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bo Hee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Kim
- Retinal Degeneration Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Whitney Cary
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis. Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Programs: Stem Cell Biology, Seoul, Korea
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Wang G, Li H, Long H, Gong X, Hu S, Gong C. Exosomes Derived From Mouse Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate BAC-induced Mouse Dry Eye Model Via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 65:40-51. [PMID: 34530425 DOI: 10.1159/000519458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Hongmei Long
- Department of Endocrine, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Xileyuan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Shufang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Can Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
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Lim KM, Dayem AA, Choi Y, Lee Y, An J, Gil M, Lee S, Kwak HJ, Vellingirl B, Shin HJ, Cho SG. High Therapeutic and Esthetic Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Produced from the Stem Cells and Their Spheroids Cultured from Ocular Surgery-Derived Waste Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081292. [PMID: 34439540 PMCID: PMC8389225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are paracrine factors that mediate stem cell therapeutics. We aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic and esthetic applications of EVs prepared from the waste human facial tissue-derived orbicularis oculi muscle stem cells (OOM-SCs). OOM-SCs were isolated from the ocular tissues (from elders and youngsters) after upper eyelid blepharoplasty or epiblepharon surgeries. EVs were prepared from the OOM-SCs (OOM-SC-EVs) and their three-dimensional spheroids. OOM-SCs showed a spindle-like morphology with trilineage differentiation capacity, positive expression of CD105, CD 90, and CD73, and negative expression of CD45 and CD34, and their stem cell properties were compared with other adult mesenchymal stem cells. OOM-SC-EVs showed a high inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells by blocking tyrosinase activity. OOM-SC-EVs treatment led to a significant attenuation of senescence-associated changes, a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, and an upregulation of antioxidant genes. We demonstrated the regeneration activity of OOM-SC-EVs in in vitro wound healing of normal human dermal fibroblasts and upregulation of anti-wrinkle-related genes and confirmed the therapeutic potential of OOM-SC-EVs in the healing of the in vivo wound model. Our study provides promising therapeutic and esthetic applications of OOM-SC-EVs, which can be obtained from the ocular surgery-derived waste human facial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Lim
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Yujin Choi
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Jongyub An
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Soobin Lee
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Hee Jeong Kwak
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Balachandar Vellingirl
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641-046, India;
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.S.); (S.-G.C.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.S.); (S.-G.C.)
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Coco-Martin RM, Pastor-Idoate S, Pastor JC. Cell Replacement Therapy for Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases: Cell Sources, Clinical Trials and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060865. [PMID: 34208272 PMCID: PMC8230855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to provide an update on the potential of cell therapies to restore or replace damaged and/or lost cells in retinal degenerative and optic nerve diseases, describing the available cell sources and the challenges involved in such treatments when these techniques are applied in real clinical practice. Sources include human fetal retinal stem cells, allogenic cadaveric human cells, adult hippocampal neural stem cells, human CNS stem cells, ciliary pigmented epithelial cells, limbal stem cells, retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) (including both human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of these, RPCs, PSCs and MSCs have already entered early-stage clinical trials since they can all differentiate into RPE, photoreceptors or ganglion cells, and have demonstrated safety, while showing some indicators of efficacy. Stem/progenitor cell therapies for retinal diseases still have some drawbacks, such as the inhibition of proliferation and/or differentiation in vitro (with the exception of RPE) and the limited long-term survival and functioning of grafts in vivo. Some other issues remain to be solved concerning the clinical translation of cell-based therapy, including (1) the ability to enrich for specific retinal subtypes; (2) cell survival; (3) cell delivery, which may need to incorporate a scaffold to induce correct cell polarization, which increases the size of the retinotomy in surgery and, therefore, the chance of severe complications; (4) the need to induce a localized retinal detachment to perform the subretinal placement of the transplanted cell; (5) the evaluation of the risk of tumor formation caused by the undifferentiated stem cells and prolific progenitor cells. Despite these challenges, stem/progenitor cells represent the most promising strategy for retinal and optic nerve disease treatment in the near future, and therapeutics assisted by gene techniques, neuroprotective compounds and artificial devices can be applied to fulfil clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Coco-Martin
- Instituto de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada (IOBA), Medical School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.P.-I.); (J.C.P.)
- National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), (RETICS) Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983423559
| | - Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Instituto de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada (IOBA), Medical School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.P.-I.); (J.C.P.)
- National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), (RETICS) Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pastor
- Instituto de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada (IOBA), Medical School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.P.-I.); (J.C.P.)
- National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), (RETICS) Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Fundacion del Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (ICSCYL), 42002 Soria, Spain
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Zhang Z, Liang X, Zhou J, Meng M, Gao Y, Yi G, Fu M. Exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of ocular diseases. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108626. [PMID: 34087205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have diverse functions and rich content and are involved in intercellular communication, immune regulation, viral infection, tissue regeneration, and the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumours. Notably, various stem cell-derived exosomes are expected to become new therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases and tumours and have good clinical application prospects. However, few studies have examined exosomes in ophthalmic diseases. Therefore, based on the functions of exosomes, this paper summarizes progress in the possible use of exosomes as treatment for specific ophthalmic diseases, aiming to determine the pathogenesis of exosomes to achieve more effective clinical diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotian Liang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijun Meng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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43
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Uptake and Distribution of Administered Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Retina. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040730. [PMID: 33806128 PMCID: PMC8064505 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using mesenchymal (MSC) and other stem cells has been evaluated for diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This approach has significant limitations, including few cells integrated, aberrant growth, and surgical complications. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes/Extracellular Vesicles (MSC EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles, are an emerging alternative, promoting immunomodulation, repair, and regeneration by mediating MSC’s paracrine effects. For the clinical translation of EV therapy, it is important to determine the cellular destination and time course of EV uptake in the retina following administration. Here, we tested the cellular fate of EVs using in vivo rat retinas, ex vivo retinal explant, and primary retinal cells. Intravitreally administered fluorescent EVs were rapidly cleared from the vitreous. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) had maximal EV fluorescence at 14 days post administration, and microglia at 7 days. Both in vivo and in the explant model, most EVs were no deeper than the inner nuclear layer. Retinal astrocytes, microglia, and mixed neurons in vitro endocytosed EVs in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our results indicate that intravitreal EVs are suited for the treatment of retinal diseases affecting the inner retina. Modification of the EV surface should be considered for maintaining EVs in the vitreous for prolonged delivery.
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44
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretomes for therapeutic potential of premature infant diseases. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222738. [PMID: 32320046 PMCID: PMC7953482 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a complex syndrome and remains a substantial public health problem globally. Its common complications include periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Despite great advances in the comprehension of the pathogenesis and improvements in neonatal intensive care and associated medicine, preterm birth-related diseases remain essentially without adequate treatment and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appears promising as evidenced by their efficacy in preclinical models of pathologies relevant to premature infant complications. MSC-based therapeutic efficacy is closely associated with MSC secretomes and a subsequent paracrine action response to tissue injuries, which are complex and abundant in response to the local microenvironment. In the current review, we summarize the paracrine mechanisms of MSC secretomes underlying diverse preterm birth-related diseases, including PVL, BPD, NEC and ROP, are summarized, and focus is placed on MSC-conditioned media (CM) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key mediators of modulatory action, thereby providing new insights for future therapies in newborn medicine.
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45
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Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Willis GR, Yeung V, Reis M, Liu X, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Oxygen-Induced Multi-Organ Disease: A Developmental Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647025. [PMID: 33796534 PMCID: PMC8007882 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in neonatal intensive care, infants born at extremely low birth weight still face an increased risk for chronic illness that may persist into adulthood. Pulmonary, retinal, and neurocognitive morbidities associated with preterm birth remain widespread despite interventions designed to minimize organ dysfunction. The design of therapeutic applications for preterm pathologies sharing common underlying triggers, such as fluctuations in oxygen supply or in the inflammatory state, requires alternative strategies that promote anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and trophic activities—ideally as a unitary treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEx) possess such inherent advantages, and they represent a most promising treatment candidate, as they have been shown to contribute to immunomodulation, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Current pre-clinical studies into the MEx mechanism of action are focusing on their restorative capability in the context of preterm birth-related pathologies, albeit not always with a multisystemic focus. This perspective will discuss the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the multisystemic lesions resulting from early-life disruption of normal physiology triggered by high oxygen exposures and pro-inflammatory conditions and introduce the application of MEx as immunomodulators and growth-promoting mediators for multisystem therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xianlan Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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46
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Jabroun MN, AlWattar BK, Fulton AB. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Prematurity. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:264-269. [PMID: 33689582 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1893760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: During normal foveal development there is a close interaction between the neurosensory and vascular elements of the fovea making it vulnerable to prematurity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We aim to assess this potential effect on foveal development in preterms evaluated simultaneously with both optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).Method: Unrestricted literature search in the PubMed and Cochrane library databases yielded 20 distinct citations. Fifteen were relevant and reviewed.Results: In preterms, OCTA demonstrated a significant decrease in the foveal avascular zone area and an increase in foveal vessel density. OCT showed a decrease in foveal pit depth and an increase in the thickness of the subfoveal retinal layers. Some studies correlated these changes with reduced vision.Conclusion: Changes in the vascular and neurosensory retina were found in premature children. It remains unclear whether this is related to prematurity alone or ROP and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille N Jabroun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bilal K AlWattar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne B Fulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The Future of Regenerative Medicine: Cell Therapy Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Acellular Therapies Based on Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020240. [PMID: 33513719 PMCID: PMC7912181 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress in the field of stem cell research has laid strong foundations for their use in regenerative medicine applications of injured or diseased tissues. Growing evidences indicate that some observed therapeutic outcomes of stem cell-based therapy are due to paracrine effects rather than long-term engraftment and survival of transplanted cells. Given their ability to cross biological barriers and mediate intercellular information transfer of bioactive molecules, extracellular vesicles are being explored as potential cell-free therapeutic agents. In this review, we first discuss the state of the art of regenerative medicine and its current limitations and challenges, with particular attention on pluripotent stem cell-derived products to repair organs like the eye, heart, skeletal muscle and skin. We then focus on emerging beneficial roles of extracellular vesicles to alleviate these pathological conditions and address hurdles and operational issues of this acellular strategy. Finally, we discuss future directions and examine how careful integration of different approaches presented in this review could help to potentiate therapeutic results in preclinical models and their good manufacturing practice (GMP) implementation for future clinical trials.
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48
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Noueihed B, Rivera JC, Dabouz R, Abram P, Omri S, Lahaie I, Chemtob S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Retinal Vascular Repair by Modulating Sema3E and IL-17A in a Model of Ischemic Retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630645. [PMID: 33553187 PMCID: PMC7859341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies (IRs), such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by an initial phase of microvascular degeneration that results in retinal ischemia, followed by exaggerated pathologic neovascularization (NV). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties associated with tissue repair and regeneration, and in this regard exert protection to neurons in ischemic and degenerative conditions; however, the exact mechanisms underlying these functions remain largely unknown. Class III Semaphorins (A–G) are particularly implicated in regulating neural blood supply (as well as neurogenesis) by suppressing angiogenesis and affecting myeloid cell function; this is the case for distinct neuropillin-activating Sema3A as well as PlexinD1-activating Sema3E; but during IR the former Sema3A increases while Sema3E decreases. We investigated whether retinal vascular repair actions of MSCs are exerted by normalizing Semaphorin and downstream cytokines in IR. Intravitreal administration of MSCs or their secretome (MSCs-conditioned media [MSCs-CM]) significantly curtailed vasoobliteration as well as aberrant preretinal NV in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). The vascular repair effects of MSCs-CM in the ischemic retina were associated with restored levels of Sema3E. Vascular benefits of MSCs-CM were reversed by anti-Sema3E; while intravitreal injection of anti-angiogenic recombinant Sema3E (rSema3E) in OIR-subjected mice reproduced effects of MSCs-CM by inhibiting as expected preretinal NV but also by decreasing vasoobliteration. To explain these opposing vascular effects of Sema3E we found in OIR high retinal levels, respectively, of the pro- and anti-angiogenic IL-17A and Sema3A-regulating IL-1β; IL-17A positively affected expression of IL-1β. rSema3E decreased concentrations of these myeloid cell-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, IL-17A suppression by MSCs-CM was abrogated by anti-Sema3E neutralizing antibody. Collectively, our findings provide novel evidence by which MSCs inhibit aberrant NV and diminish vasoobliteration (promoting revascularization) in retinopathy by restoring (at least in part) neuronal Sema3E levels that reduce pathological levels of IL-17A (and in turn other proinflammatory factors) in myeloid cells. The ability of MSCs to generate a microenvironment permissive for vascular regeneration by controlling the production of neuronal factors involved in immunomodulatory activities is a promising opportunity for stem cell therapy in ocular degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa Noueihed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabah Dabouz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pénélope Abram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lahaie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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49
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Sadasivam R, Packirisamy G, Shakya S, Goswami M. Non-invasive multimodal imaging of Diabetic Retinopathy: A survey on treatment methods and Nanotheranostics. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:166-181. [PMID: 33564616 PMCID: PMC7868006 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.56015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes. It is one of the pre-eminent causes for vision impairment followed by blindness among the working-age population worldwide. The de facto cause for DR remains challenging, despite several efforts made to unveil the mechanism underlying the pathology of DR. There is quite less availability of the low cost pre-emptive theranostic imaging tools in terms of in-depth resolution, due to the multiple factors involved in the etiology of DR. This review work comprehensively explores the various reports and research works on all perspectives of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and its mechanism. It also discusses various advanced non-destructive imaging modalities, current, and future treatment approaches. Further, the application of various nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies used for the treatment of DR are also discussed. In a nutshell, the present review work bolsters the pursuit of the development of an advanced non-invasive optical imaging modal with a nano-theranostic approach for the future diagnosis and treatment of DR and its associated ocular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sadasivam
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Snehlata Shakya
- Department of clinical physiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Mayank Goswami
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
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50
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Anderson J, Belafsky P, Clayton S, Archard J, Pavlic J, Rao S, Farwell DG, Kuhn M, Deng P, Halmai J, Bauer G, Fink K, Fury B, Perotti N, Walker J, Beliveau A, Birkeland A, Abouyared M, Cary W, Nolta J. Model of radiation-induced ambulatory dysfunction. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_259_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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