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Kurćubić VS, Stanišić N, Stajić SB, Dmitrić M, Živković S, Kurćubić LV, Živković V, Jakovljević V, Mašković PZ, Mašković J. Valorizing Grape Pomace: A Review of Applications, Nutritional Benefits, and Potential in Functional Food Development. Foods 2024; 13:4169. [PMID: 39767110 PMCID: PMC11675801 DOI: 10.3390/foods13244169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP), a byproduct of winemaking, has gained significant attention as a sustainable and functional ingredient with applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. This review examines the potential of GP in meat products and analogs, functional foods, and nutraceuticals, highlighting its composition, health benefits, and role in enhancing nutritional and functional properties. Rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, essential fatty acids, and bioactive compounds, GP exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut health-promoting effects, making it suitable for various food applications. Its incorporation into meat products, such as sausages and patties, improves texture, enhances shelf life, and increases nutritional value while reducing the environmental footprint. GP is also effective in functional foods such as baked goods, dairy and plant-based yoghurts, smoothies, and snack bars, where it can enrich fiber and polyphenol content, aid in satiety, and provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The challenge is how to maintain the sensory properties characteristic of conventional, unmodified products. In nutraceuticals, GP's polyphenolic compounds and dietary fiber support antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic health functions, with applications as antioxidant supplements, gut health boosters, weight management aids, and cardiovascular health supplements. Despite challenges such as taste modification and optimizing bioavailability, GP's versatility and sustainability highlight its value in developing innovative, health-oriented products. This review emphasizes the promise of GP as a valuable ingredient in functional foods and nutraceutical formulations, contributing to health, sustainability, and resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Kurćubić
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32102 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Nikola Stanišić
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Autoput Beograd-Zagreb 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slaviša B. Stajić
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marko Dmitrić
- Veterinary Specialized Institute “Kraljevo”, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia; (M.D.); (S.Ž.)
| | - Saša Živković
- Veterinary Specialized Institute “Kraljevo”, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia; (M.D.); (S.Ž.)
| | - Luka V. Kurćubić
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Beograd, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Živković
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (V.J.)
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (V.J.)
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavle Z. Mašković
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32102 Čačak, Serbia; (P.Z.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jelena Mašković
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32102 Čačak, Serbia; (P.Z.M.); (J.M.)
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Oliva RL, Vogt C, Bublitz TA, Camenzind T, Dyckmans J, Joergensen RG. Galactosamine and mannosamine are integral parts of bacterial and fungal extracellular polymeric substances. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae038. [PMID: 38616925 PMCID: PMC11014887 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are produced by microorganisms and interact to form a complex matrix called biofilm. In soils, EPS are important contributors to the microbial necromass and, thus, to soil organic carbon (SOC). Amino sugars (AS) are used as indicators for microbial necromass in soil, although the origin of galactosamine and mannosamine is largely unknown. However, indications exist that they are part of EPS. In this study, two bacteria and two fungi were grown in starch medium either with or without a quartz matrix to induce EPS production. Each culture was separated in two fractions: one that directly underwent AS extraction (containing AS from both biomass and EPS), and another that first had EPS extracted, followed then by AS determination (exclusively containing AS from EPS). We did not observe a general effect of the quartz matrix neither of microbial type on AS production. The quantified amounts of galactosamine and mannosamine in the EPS fraction represented on average 100% of the total amounts of these two AS quantified in cell cultures, revealing they are integral parts of the biofilm. In contrast, muramic acid and glucosamine were also quantified in the EPS, but with much lower contribution rates to total AS production, of 18% and 33%, respectively, indicating they are not necessarily part of EPS. Our results allow a meaningful ecological interpretation of mannosamine and galactosamine data in the future as indicators of microbial EPS, and also attract interest of future studies to investigate the role of EPS to SOC and its dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Leme Oliva
- Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Carla Vogt
- Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Tábata Aline Bublitz
- Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dyckmans
- Centre for Stable Isotope Research Analysis, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu T, Feng P, Wang C, Ojo O, Wang YY, Wang XH. Effects of dietary fibre on enteral feeding intolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023; 74:103326. [PMID: 36182625 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some studies have explored the relationships between dietary fibre and enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients, the results are equivocal. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary fibre on enteral feeding intolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. METHODS We searched five databases from inception to July 12, 2021. Data were expressed as mean difference or odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Thirteen studies enrolled 709 critically ill patients included in the study. The results showed the dietary fibre group had a significantly decreased risk of diarrhea (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30,0.69, P < 0.001), regurgitation (OR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.60, P < 0.05), vomiting (OR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.92, P < 0.05), constipation (OR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.47, P < 0.001) and mortality (OR:0.34; 95%CI:-0.13, 0.91; P < 0.05) compared with the fibre free group. Besides, there was a significant decrease on time to reach full enteral nutrition (MD:-2.08; 95%CI:-4.05, -0.12; P < 0.05), the duration of the intensive care unit stay (MD:-4.62; 95%CI:-6.60, -2.64; P < 0.001) and hospital stay (MD:-6.42; 95%CI:-9.49, -3.36; P < 0.001) in the dietary fibre group. CONCLUSIONS Dietary fibre supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of enteral feeding intolerance and improve the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Digestion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Omorogieva Ojo
- Department of Adult Nursing and Paramedic Science, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Yu Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Tanaka S, Yamamoto K, Hamajima C, Takahashi F, Endo K, Uyeno Y. Dietary Supplementation with Fermented Brassica rapa L. Stimulates Defecation Accompanying Change in Colonic Bacterial Community Structure. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061847. [PMID: 34071486 PMCID: PMC8227684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have elucidated that oral administration of Brassica rapa L. extract, known as Nozawana in Japan, alters immune responses and gut microbiota composition, increasing the numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, further investigation would help elucidate the mechanism attributable for the changes and health-promoting effects observed after B rapa L. extract ingestion. To reveal the modulation effects of fermented B. rapa L. on immune function and intestinal bacterial community structure, we conducted an intervention study with healthy volunteers followed by a mouse feeding study. The pilot intervention study was conducted for healthy volunteers aged 40–64 years under the hypothesis that the number of subjects exhibiting any change in gut microbiota in response to fermented B. rapa L. consumption may be limited. In total, 20 volunteers consumed 30 g of fermented B. rapa L. per day for 4 weeks. The fecal bacterial community composition of the volunteers was characterized using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism patterning followed by clustering analysis. To evaluate the detailed changes in the immune responses and the gut bacterial composition, assessed by high-throughput sequencing, we fed healthy mice with freeze-dried, fermented B. rapa L. for 2 weeks. The fecal bacterial community composition of the volunteers before the intervention was divided into three clades. Regardless of the clade, the defecation frequency significantly increased during the intervention weeks compared with that before the intervention. However, this clustering detected a specific increase of Prevotella in one cluster (low to zero Prevotella and high occupation of Clostridium at clusters IV and XIVa) post-ingestion. The cytokine production of spleen cells significantly increased due to feeding fermented B. rapa L. to the mice. This supplementary in vivo trial provided comparable results to the volunteer study regarding the effects of ingestion of the material given the compositional change complying with that of dietary fiber, particularly in the increase of genera Prevotella, Lachnospira, and genera in the Ruminococcaceae family, and the increase in daily defecation amount during 2 weeks of administration. We conclude that feeding fermented B. rapa L. may be responsible for the observed modulation in gut microbiota to increase fiber-degrading bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria which may be relevant to the improvement in bowel function such as defecation frequency.
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Effects of Low and High FODMAP Diets on Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota Composition in Adults with Intestinal Diseases: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111638. [PMID: 33114017 PMCID: PMC7690730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet high in non-digestible carbohydrates is known to promote health, in part through its effect on the gut microbiome. While substantially proven for healthy individuals, these effects are more ambiguous in subjects with intestinal diseases. At the same time, a diet low in these fermentable carbohydrates, the low FODMAP (acronym for Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides, And Polyols) diet, is gaining popularity as a treatment option for symptom relief in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. There are, however, several indications that this diet induces effects opposite to those of prebiotic supplementation, resulting in gut microbiome changes that might be detrimental. Here, we provide a systematic review of the effects of low and high FODMAP diets on human gastrointestinal microbiota composition in adults with intestinal diseases, through literature screening using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We summarize study findings on dietary impact in patients, including the effect on bacterial taxa and diversity. In general, similar to healthy subjects, restricting non-digestible carbohydrate intake in patients with intestinal diseases has opposite effects compared to prebiotic supplementation, causing a reduction in bifidobacteria and an increase in bacteria associated with dysbiosis. Future studies should focus on assessing whether the induced microbial changes persist over time and have adverse effects on long-term colonic health.
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Meyer S, Thiel V, Joergensen RG, Sundrum A. Relationships between feeding and microbial faeces indices in dairy cows at different milk yield levels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221266. [PMID: 31430322 PMCID: PMC6701754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out to gain quantitative information on the diet-dependent faecal microbial biomass of dairy cows, especially on the biomass fractions of fungi, Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria. Groups of high-yield, low-yield and non-lactating cows were investigated at four different farms. A mean faecal microbial biomass C (MBC) concentration of 33.5 mg g-1 DM was obtained by the chloroform fumigation extraction method. This is similar to a mean microbial C concentration of 31.8 mg g-1 DM, which is the sum of bacterial C and fungal C, estimated by cell-wall derived muramic acid (MurN) and fungal glucosamine (GlcN), respectively. However, the response of these two approaches to the feeding regime was contradictory, due to feeding effects on the conversion values. The higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations in the non-lactating group led to higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of cellulose and lignin in their faeces in comparison with the lactating cows. This change in faecal chemical composition in the non-lactating group was accompanied by usually higher ratios of G+/G- phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), ergosterol/MBC and fungal C/bacterial C. Although bacteria dominate the faecal microbial biomass, fungi contribute a considerable mean percentage of roughly 20% to the faecal microbiome, according to PLFA and amino sugar data, which requires more attention in the future. Near-infra red spectroscopic estimates of organic N and C fractions of cow faeces were able to model microbial biomarkers successfully, which might be useful in the future to predict its N2O emission potential and fertilizer value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Meyer
- Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
- Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Geobiology Group, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Albert Sundrum
- Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
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Smolders E, Roels L, Kuhangana TC, Coorevits K, Vassilieva E, Nemery B, Lubaba Nkulu CB. Unprecedentedly High Dust Ingestion Estimates for the General Population in a Mining District of DR Congo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7851-7858. [PMID: 31149816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mining of metals in low income countries is often associated with high exposure to dust that contributes to metal exposure. Here, dust ingestion estimates were made from fecal excretion of inert tracers with corrections for dietary contribution. The study took place in the cobalt mining area of Lubumbashi (DR Congo) and involved 120 nonoccupationally exposed participants in the dry season, with 51 of these being repeated in the rainy season. For each participant, duplicate meals (0-96 h), feces (24-120 h), and indoor/outdoor dust (<250 μm) were collected. The dust ingestion estimates (g day-1) were derived from Nb, Ti, and V as best tracers and were 0.28 (geometric mean), 3.3 (mean), and 13 (P95); these values are almost a factor 10 above currently accepted estimates for the general population in high income countries. Mean dust ingestion in the dry season was twice that of the rainy season, and the P95s were significantly higher in children (3-15 years) than in male adults and toddlers; geophagy (>40 g day-1) was suspected in three individuals. These data explain the previously reported extreme cobalt exposures in children and support the need to manage dust in the metal mining operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Smolders
- Division of Water and Soil Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lore Roels
- Division of Water and Soil Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Trésor Carsi Kuhangana
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Lubumbashi , 1825 Lubumbashi , Democratic Republic of the Congo
- School of Public Health , University of Malemba Nkulu , 8235 Malemba Nkulu , Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kristin Coorevits
- Division of Water and Soil Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Elvira Vassilieva
- Division of Geology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Lubumbashi , 1825 Lubumbashi , Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Reis AMD, Fruchtenicht AV, Loss SH, Moreira LF. Use of dietary fibers in enteral nutrition of critically ill patients: a systematic review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2018; 30:358-365. [PMID: 30328989 PMCID: PMC6180475 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the nutritional requirements of patients admitted to intensive care
units, it is necessary to establish a diet schedule. Complications associated
with enteral nutrition by tube feeding are not uncommon and may reduce the
delivery of required nutrient to patients in intensive care units. Research on
the osmolality, fat content, caloric intensity and fiber content of formulas are
under way, and a substantial number of studies have focused on fiber content
tolerability or symptom reduction. We conducted a systematic review of dietary
fiber use and safety in critically ill patients in 8 studies based on diarrhea,
other gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal distension, gastric residual volume,
vomiting and constipation), intestinal microbiota, length of stay in the
intensive care unit and death. We discussed the results reported in the
scientific literature and current recommendations. This contemporary approach
demonstrated that the use of soluble fiber in all hemodynamically stable,
critically ill patients is safe and should be considered beneficial for reducing
the incidence of diarrhea in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Machado Dos Reis
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Ana Valéria Fruchtenicht
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Loss
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Luis Fernando Moreira
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
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Montoya CA, Henare SJ, Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ. Potential misinterpretation of the nutritional value of dietary fiber: correcting fiber digestibility values for nondietary gut-interfering material. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:517-33. [PMID: 27330145 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to identify the origin and implications of a nondietary material present in digesta and feces that interferes with the determination of dietary fiber in gastrointestinal contents. Negative values for ileal and fecal digestibility of dietary fiber are commonly reported in the literature for monogastric animal species, including humans. As negative values are not possible physiologically, this suggests the existence of a nondietary material in the gastrointestinal contents and feces that interferes with the accurate determination of dietary fiber digestibility when conventional methods of fiber determination are applied. To date, little attention has been given to this nondietary interfering material, which appears to be influenced by the type and concentration of fiber in the diet. Interestingly, estimates of dietary fiber digestibility increase substantially when corrected for the nondietary interfering material, which suggests that currently reported values underestimate the digestibility of dietary fiber and may misrepresent where, in the digestive tract, fermentation of fiber occurs. A new perspective of dietary fiber digestion in the gastrointestinal tract is developing, leading to a better understanding of the contribution of dietary fiber to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Montoya
- C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, and S.M. Rutherfurd are with the Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, S.M. Rutherfurd, and P.J. Moughan are with the Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Sharon J Henare
- C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, and S.M. Rutherfurd are with the Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, S.M. Rutherfurd, and P.J. Moughan are with the Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shane M Rutherfurd
- C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, and S.M. Rutherfurd are with the Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, S.M. Rutherfurd, and P.J. Moughan are with the Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Moughan
- C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, and S.M. Rutherfurd are with the Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.C.A. Montoya, S.J. Henare, S.M. Rutherfurd, and P.J. Moughan are with the Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Mehta N, Ahlawat SS, Sharma DP, Dabur RS. Novel trends in development of dietary fiber rich meat products-a critical review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:633-47. [PMID: 25694673 PMCID: PMC4325053 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meat and meat products are generally recognized as good sources of high biological value proteins, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, trace elements and bioactive compounds. Changes in socioeconomic factors in recent years have increased the consumer's preference for ready to eat foods including meat products. The processing of meat and meat products leads to generation of many functional compounds beneficial to human health but most of those foods are rich in fat, added salts but deficient in complex carbohydrates like dietary fiber and pose a health hazard that somehow is proved to be a predisposing factor for cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer, obesity including diabetes mellitus. With increasing consciousness among consumers about their nutrition and well being, there is a growing concern over nutritional diseases of affluence. Therefore an increase in dietary fiber inclusion in daily diet has been recommended. For adults, the recommended acceptable intakes of dietary fiber are 28-36 g/day, 70-80 % of which must be insoluble fiber. The insoluble fraction of dietary fiber has been related to intestinal regulation whereas soluble fiber is associated with decrease in cholesterol level and absorption of intestinal glucose. So incorporation of dietary fibers from different sources in meat products would help to enhance their desirability. Dietary fiber sources are generally agricultural byproducts that are comparatively cheap and incorporation in meat products reduces its overall cost. Whole grains and cereal brans are the rich source of insoluble fiber and pectins, gums, starch and other storage polysaccharides have high content of the soluble fraction. With this background, the effect of various dietary fibers on the quality attributes of meat and meat products with its physiological role has been reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mehta
- />Department of Livestock Products Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Vety. & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004 India
- />Technology of Animal Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Kundli Sonepat, 131028 India
| | - S. S. Ahlawat
- />Department of Livestock Products Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Vety. & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - D. P. Sharma
- />Department of Livestock Products Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Vety. & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - R. S. Dabur
- />Department of Livestock Products Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Vety. & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004 India
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Crowe FL, Balkwill A, Cairns BJ, Appleby PN, Green J, Reeves GK, Key TJ, Beral V. Source of dietary fibre and diverticular disease incidence: a prospective study of UK women. Gut 2014; 63:1450-6. [PMID: 24385599 PMCID: PMC4145436 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous prospective studies have found the incidence of intestinal diverticular disease decreased with increasing intakes of dietary fibre, but associations by the fibre source are less well characterised. We assessed these associations in a large UK prospective study of middle-aged women. METHODS AND FINDINGS During 6 (SD 1) years follow-up of 690 075 women without known diverticular disease who had not changed their diet in the last 5 years, 17 325 were admitted to hospital or died with diverticular disease. Dietary fibre intake was assessed using a validated 40-item food questionnaire and remeasured 1 year later in 4265 randomly-selected women. Mean total dietary fibre intake at baseline was 13.8 (SD 5.0) g/day, of which 42% came from cereals, 22% from fruits, 19% from vegetables (not potatoes) and 15% from potatoes. The relative risk (95% CI) for diverticular disease per 5 g/day fibre intake was 0.86 (0.84 to 0.88). There was significant heterogeneity by the four main sources of fibre (p<0.0001), with relative risks, adjusted for each of the other sources of dietary fibre of 0.84 (0.81 to 0.88) per 5 g/day for cereal, 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86) per 5 g/day for fruit, 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) per 5 g/day for vegetable and 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) per 1 g/day for potato fibre. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of dietary fibre is associated with a reduced risk of diverticular disease. The associations with diverticular disease appear to vary by fibre source, and the reasons for this variation are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L Crowe
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Balkwill
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J Cairns
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul N Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Gélinas P. Preventing constipation: a review of the laxative potential of food ingredients. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gélinas
- Food Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; 3600 Casavant Blvd. West; Saint-Hyacinthe; Quebec; J2S 8E3; Canada
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Xu J, Zhou X, Chen C, Deng Q, Huang Q, Yang J, Yang N, Huang F. Laxative effects of partially defatted flaxseed meal on normal and experimental constipated mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:14. [PMID: 22400899 PMCID: PMC3353840 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Constipation is a very common health problem in the world. Intake of sufficient amount of dietary fibers is a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of constipation. As a traditional medicine, flaxseed has been used to treat constipation for centuries, but the controlled trials are rare. The purpose of the present study was to assess that whether partially defatted flaxseed meal (PDFM) has the potential role to facilitate fecal output in normal and experimental constipated mice. Methods After supplemented with 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) PDFM (L-, M- and H -PDFM) for 14 days, the constipation models of mice were induced by atropine-diphenoxylate. The small intestinal transit rates, start time of defecation, amount of defecation and wet weight of feces were researched in normal and constipation model mice. Results M- and H-PDFM significantly increase small intestinal transit rates in constipation model mice. All dose of PDFM markedly shortened the start time of defecation and M- and H-PDFM significantly increase stool frequency and weight in both normal and constipation model mice. Conclusions PDFM may be a useful laxative to facilitate fecal output in normal and constipation conditions.
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Verma AK, Banerjee R. Dietary fibre as functional ingredient in meat products: a novel approach for healthy living - a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010; 47:247-57. [PMID: 23572633 PMCID: PMC3551038 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a rapid change in our overall lifestyle due to impact of globalization. Every day hasty life has forced consumers to be dependent upon fast foods, which contain meagre amount of dietary fibre. Non-starch polysaccharides and resistant oligosaccharides, lignin, substances associated with NSP and lignin complex in plants, other analogous carbohydrates, such as resistant starch and dextrins, and synthesized carbohydrate compounds, like polydextrose are categorized as dietary fibre. They are mostly concentrated in cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables. It has been proclaimed that daily dietary fibre intake helps in prevention of many nutritional disorders like gut related problems, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer and obesity. Meat is generally lacking this potential ingredient, which could be incorporated while products processing to make them more healthful. Various fibre rich sources have been attempted in different products attributed to their technological and health benefits and many are in the queue to be used in a variety of meat products. Selection of appropriate fibre rich ingredients and their proper incorporation can improve health image of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Verma
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Latur, 413 517 India
| | - Rituparna Banerjee
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Latur, 413 517 India
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Ariefdjohan MW, Savaiano DA, Nakatsu CH. Comparison of DNA extraction kits for PCR-DGGE analysis of human intestinal microbial communities from fecal specimens. Nutr J 2010; 9:23. [PMID: 20492702 PMCID: PMC2901363 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of diet on intestinal microflora has been investigated mainly using conventional microbiological approaches. Although these studies have advanced knowledge on human intestinal microflora, it is imperative that new methods are applied to facilitate scientific progress. Culture-independent molecular fingerprinting method of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) has been used to study microbial communities in a variety of environmental samples. However, these protocols must be optimized prior to their application in order to enhance the quality and accuracy of downstream analyses. In this study, the relative efficacy of four commercial DNA extraction kits (Mobio Ultra Clean® Fecal DNA Isolation Kit, M; QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit, Q; FastDNA® SPIN Kit, FSp; FastDNA® SPIN Kit for Soil, FSo) were evaluated. Further, PCR-DGGE technique was also assessed for its feasibility in detecting differences in human intestinal bacterial fingerprint profiles. Method Total DNA was extracted from varying weights of human fecal specimens using four different kits, followed by PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, and DGGE separation of the amplicons. Results Regardless of kit, maximum DNA yield was obtained using 10 to 50 mg (wet wt) of fecal specimens and similar DGGE profiles were obtained. However, kits FSp and FSo extracted significantly larger amounts of DNA per g dry fecal specimens and produced more bands on their DGGE profiles than kits M and Q due to their use of bead-containing lysing matrix and vigorous shaking step. DGGE of 16S rRNA gene PCR products was suitable for capturing the profiles of human intestinal microbial community and enabled rapid comparative assessment of inter- and intra-subject differences. Conclusion We conclude that extraction kits that incorporated bead-containing lysing matrix and vigorous shaking produced high quality DNA from human fecal specimens (10 to 50 mg, wet wt) that can be resolved as bacterial community fingerprints using PCR-DGGE technique. Subsequently, PCR-DGGE technique can be applied for studying variations in human intestinal microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin W Ariefdjohan
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonic hydrotherapy is widely used and many of its practitioners are medically qualified. Nonetheless, the basis of many of their practices requires physiological scrutiny. METHOD The claims of colonic hydrotherapy are examined against known physiological facts. RESULTS Hydrotherapy is not entirely physiological. CONCLUSION Colonic hydrotherapy may increase the dissemination and absorption of toxins and bacteria into the body.
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Naismith DJ, Braschi A. An investigation into the bioaccessibility of potassium in unprocessed fruits and vegetables. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 59:438-50. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480701690519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sankaran K, Banerjee S, Pavankumar AR, Jesudason M, Reissbrodt R, Williams PH. Apyrase-based colorimetric test for detection of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in stool. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 63:243-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mira GS, Graf H, Cândido LMB. Visão retrospectiva em fibras alimentares com ênfase em beta-glucanas no tratamento do diabetes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibra alimentar refere-se aos componentes de plantas ou carboidratos análogos que são resistentes à digestão e absorção no intestino delgado humano. A American Dietetic Association recomenda ingestão de 20-35g de fibras ao dia. Evidências sugerem que uma dieta rica em fibras traz benefícios à manutenção da saúde, redução de risco e tratamento de doenças crônicas como a obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, diverticulite e diabetes. As fibras são classificadas de acordo com a sua solubilidade em solúveis e insolúveis, com efeitos fisiológicos distintos. As insolúveis são responsáveis pelo aumento do bolo fecal e diminuição do tempo de trânsito intestinal. As solúveis retardam o esvaziamento gástrico e a absorção de glicose diminuindo a glicemia pós-prandial e reduzem o colesterol sérico devido à sua característica física de conferir viscosidade ao conteúdo luminal. As beta-glucanas são fibras altamente viscosas e seu consumo está relacionado à atenuação da resposta glicêmica e insulínica pós-prandial. A beta-glucana tem efeito sobre a degradação do amido e sobre o carboidrato disponível e conseqüentemente, sobre o índice glicêmico dos alimentos ingeridos. Recomenda-se sua ingestão com o objetivo de modular a glicemia e a necessidade de insulina, no tratamento da obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares e do diabetes. Este trabalho visa fornecer uma visão geral sobre beta-glucanas no tratamento do diabetes.
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Slavin JL, Savarino V, Paredes-Diaz A, Fotopoulos G. A Review of the Role of Soluble Fiber in Health with Specific Reference to Wheat Dextrin. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:1-17. [DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber is widely recognized to have a beneficial role in overall health, but only at adequate levels (25 − 38 g/day for healthy adults). Wheat dextrin in particular is a soluble fiber that can easily be added to the diet and is widely used in the food industry. There is some debate about whether increased intake of soluble fibers leads to health benefits. This paper reviews the evidence regarding the physiological effects and potential health benefits of the addition of soluble dietary fibers, with specific reference to wheat dextrin, based on a search of PubMed. The evidence suggests that soluble fibers help to regulate the digestive system, may increase micronutrient absorption, stabilize blood glucose and lower serum lipids, may prevent several gastrointestinal disorders, and have an accepted role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is concluded that supplementation with soluble fibers (e.g. wheat dextrin) may be useful in individuals at risk of a lower than recommended dietary fiber intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - V Savarino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Genoa, Italy
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Position of the American Dietetic Association: Health Implications of Dietary Fiber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 108:1716-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hughes SA, Shewry PR, Li L, Gibson GR, Sanz ML, Rastall RA. In vitro fermentation by human fecal microflora of wheat arabinoxylans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:4589-95. [PMID: 17488118 DOI: 10.1021/jf070293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The fermentation of three arabinoxylan (AX) fractions from wheat by the human fecal microflora was investigated in vitro. Three AX fractions, with average molecular masses of 354, 278, and 66 kDa, were incorporated into miniature-scale batch cultures (with inulin as a positive prebiotic control) with feces from three healthy donors, aged 23-29. Microflora changes were monitored by the culture-independent technique, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and lactic acid production were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total cell numbers increased significantly in all treated cultures, and the fermentation of AX was associated with a proliferation of the bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and eubacteria groups. Smaller but statistically significant increases in bacteroides and clostridia groups were also observed. All AX fractions had comparable bifidogenic impacts on the microflora at 5 and 12 h, but the 66 kDa AX was particularly selective for lactobacilli. Eubacteria increased significantly on all AX fractions, particularly on 66 kDa AX. As previously reported, inulin gave a selective increase in bifidobacteria. All supplemented cultures showed significant rises in total SCFA production, with a particularly high proportion of butyric acid being produced from AX fermentation. The prebiotic effect, that is, the selectivity of AX for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli groups, increased as the molecular mass of the AX decreased. This suggests that molecular mass may influence the fermentation of AX in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hughes
- Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper provides a review of research on partially hydrolyzed guar gum that is relevant to clinical nutrition practice. METHODS All relevant papers published on partially hydrolyzed guar gum were reviewed and the results summarized. RESULTS Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a water-soluble dietary fiber with a wide range of uses in clinical nutrition. Its low viscosity allows its use in enteral products and beverages. PHGG can be added to enteral formulas and food products as a dietary fiber source. PHGG provides the benefits associated with dietary fiber ingestion. Addition of PHGG to the diet reduced laxative dependence in a nursing home population. PHGG also reduced the incidence of diarrhea in septic patients receiving total enteral nutrition and reduced symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. PHGG also increased production of Bifidobacterium in the gut. CONCLUSION The ease of use of PHGG and its clinical effectiveness make it a good choice in clinical nutrition practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Marlett JA, McBurney MI, Slavin JL. Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2002; 102:993-1000. [PMID: 12146567 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber consists of the structural and storage polysaccharides and lignin in plants that are not digested in the human stomach and small intestine. A wealth of information supports the American Dietetic Association position that the public should consume adequate amounts of dietary fiber from a variety of plant foods. Recommended intakes, 20-35 g/day for healthy adults and age plus 5 g/day for children, are not being met, because intakes of good sources of dietary fiber, fruits, vegetables, whole and high-fiber grain products, and legumes are low. Consumption of dietary fibers that are viscous lowers blood cholesterol levels and helps to normalize blood glucose and insulin levels, making these kinds of fibers part of the dietary plans to treat cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Fibers that are incompletely or slowly fermented by microflora in the large intestine promote normal laxation and are integral components of diet plans to treat constipation and prevent the development of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. A diet adequate in fiber-containing foods is also usually rich in micronutrients and nonnutritive ingredients that have additional health benefits. It is unclear why several recently published clinical trials with dietary fiber intervention failed to show a reduction in colon polyps. Nonetheless, a fiber-rich diet is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. A fiber-rich meal is processed more slowly, which promotes earlier satiety, and is frequently less calorically dense and lower in fat and added sugars. All of these characteristics are features of a dietary pattern to treat and prevent obesity. Appropriate kinds and amounts of dietary fiber for the critically ill and the very old have not been clearly delineated; both may need nonfood sources of fiber. Many factors confound observations of gastrointestinal function in the critically ill, and the kinds of fiber that would promote normal small and large intestinal function are usually not in a form suitable for the critically ill. Maintenance of body weight in the inactive older adult is accomplished in part by decreasing food intake. Even with a fiber-rich diet, a supplement may be needed to bring fiber intakes into a range adequate to prevent constipation. By increasing variety in the daily food pattern, the dietetics professional can help most healthy children and adults achieve adequate dietary fiber intakes.
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