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Cardoso C, Valentim J, Gomes R, Matos J, Rego A, Coelho I, Delgado I, Motta C, Castanheira I, Prates JAM, Bandarra NM, Afonso C. Mackerel and Seaweed Burger as a Functional Product for Brain and Cognitive Aging Prevention. Foods 2024; 13:1332. [PMID: 38731702 PMCID: PMC11083232 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most world countries are experiencing a remarkable aging process. Meanwhile, 50 million people are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia and there is an increasing trend in the incidence of these major health problems. In order to address these, the increasing evidence suggesting the protective effect of dietary interventions against cognitive decline during aging may suggest a response to this challenge. There are nutrients with a neuroprotective effect. However, Western diets are poor in healthy n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iodine (I), and other nutrients that may protect against cognitive aging. Given DHA richness in chub mackerel (Scomber colias), high vitamin B9 levels in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and I abundance in the seaweed Saccorhiza polyschides, a functional hamburger rich in these nutrients by using these ingredients was developed and its formulation was optimized in preliminary testing. The effects of culinary treatment (steaming, roasting, and grilling vs. raw) and digestion on bioaccessibility were evaluated. The hamburgers had high levels of n-3 PUFAs in the range of 42.0-46.4% and low levels of n-6 PUFAs (6.6-6.9%), resulting in high n-3/n-6 ratios (>6). Bioaccessibility studies showed that the hamburgers could provide the daily requirements of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA with 19.6 g raw, 18.6 g steamed, 18.9 g roasted, or 15.1 g grilled hamburgers. Polyphenol enrichment by the seaweed and antioxidant activity were limited. The hamburgers contained high levels of Se and I at 48-61 μg/100 g ww and 221-255 μg/100 g ww, respectively. Selenium (Se) and I bioaccessibility levels were 70-85% and 57-70%, respectively, which can be considered high levels. Nonetheless, for reaching dietary requirements, considering the influence of culinary treatment and bioaccessibility, 152.2-184.2 g would be necessary to ensure daily Se requirements and 92.0-118.1 g for I needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardoso
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.B.); (C.A.)
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (J.V.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Jorge Valentim
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (J.V.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Romina Gomes
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (J.V.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
- MEtRICs/DCTB/NOVA, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Joana Matos
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (J.V.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Andreia Rego
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.C.); (I.D.); (C.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Inês Coelho
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.C.); (I.D.); (C.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Inês Delgado
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.C.); (I.D.); (C.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Carla Motta
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.C.); (I.D.); (C.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Isabel Castanheira
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.C.); (I.D.); (C.M.); (I.C.)
| | - José A. M. Prates
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.B.); (C.A.)
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (J.V.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.B.); (C.A.)
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (J.V.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
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Lawson Y, Mpasi P, Young M, Comerford K, Mitchell E. A review of dairy food intake for improving health among black infants, toddlers, and young children in the US. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:228-240. [PMID: 38360504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is paramount for proper growth and musculoskeletal, neurocognitive, and immunological development in infants, toddlers, and young children. Among breastfeeding mother-child dyads, this critical window of development, is impacted by both maternal and offspring dietary patterns. For mothers, their dietary patterns impact not only their own health and well-being, but also the nutrition of their breast milk - which is recommended as the sole source of food for the first 6 months of their infant's life, and as a complementary source of nutrition until at least 2 years of age. For infants and toddlers, the breast milk, formulas, and first foods they consume can have both short-term and long-term effects on their health and well-being - with important impacts on their taste perception, microbiome composition, and immune function. According to dietary intake data in the US, infants and young children meet a greater number of nutrient requirements than older children and adults, yet numerous disparities among socially disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups still provide significant challenges to achieving adequate nutrition during these early life stages. For example, Black children are at greater risk for disparities in breastfeeding, age-inappropriate complementary feeding patterns, nutrient inadequacies, food insecurity, and obesity relative to most other racial/ethnic groups in the US. For infants who do not receive adequate breast milk, which includes a disproportionate number of Black infants, dairy-based infant formulas are considered the next best option for meeting nutritional needs. Fermented dairy foods (e.g., yogurt, cheese) can serve as ideal first foods for complementary feeding, and cow's milk is recommended for introduction during the transitional feeding period to help meet the nutrient demands during this phase of rapid growth and development. Low dairy intake may put children at risk for multiple nutrient inadequacies and health disparities - some of which may have lifelong consequences on physical and mental health. A burgeoning body of research shows that in addition to breast milk, cow's milk and other dairy foods may play critical roles in supporting physical growth, neurodevelopment, immune function, and a healthy gut microbiome in early life. However, most of this research so far has been conducted in White populations and can only be extrapolated to Black infants, toddlers, and young children. Therefore, to better understand and support the health and development of this population, greater research and education efforts on the role of milk and dairy products are urgently needed. This review presents the current evidence on health disparities faced by Black children in the US from birth to four years of age, and the role that dairy foods can play in supporting the normal growth and development of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Lawson
- Associate Attending, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Priscilla Mpasi
- ChristianaCare Health System, Assistant Clinical Director Complex Care and Community Medicine, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Michal Young
- Emeritus, Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Kevin Comerford
- OMNI Nutrition Science; California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mikulska J, Pietrzak D, Rękawek P, Siudaj K, Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Celiac disease and depressive disorders as nutritional implications related to common factors - A comprehensive review. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114886. [PMID: 38309373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease affecting the small intestine. The only treatment strategy for CD is the gluten-free diet (GFD). One of the more common mental disorders in CD patients is major depressive disorder (MDD). The influence of GFD on the occurrence of MDD symptoms in patients with CD will be evaluated. This diet often reduces nutritional deficiencies in these patients and also helps to reduce depressive symptoms. Both disease entities are often dominated by the same deficiencies of nutrients such as iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, or B and D vitamins. Deficiencies of particular components in CD can favor MDD and vice versa. Gluten can adversely affect the mental state of patients without CD. Also, intestinal microbiota may play an important role in the described process. This work aims to comprehensively assess the common factors involved in the pathomechanisms of MDD and CD, with particular emphasis on nutrient imbalances. Given the complexity of both disease entities, and the many common links, more research related to improving mental health in these patients and the implementation of a GFD would need to be conducted, but it appears to be a viable pathway to improving the quality of life and health of people struggling with CD and MDD. Therefore, probiotics, micronutrients, macronutrients, and vitamin supplements are recommended to reduce the risk of MDD, given that they may alleviate the symptoms of both these disease entities. In turn, in patients with MDD, it is worth considering testing for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulska
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Diana Pietrzak
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Rękawek
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystian Siudaj
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łucja Justyna Walczak-Nowicka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Saros L, Hart K, Koivuniemi E, Egan B, Raats M, Laitinen K. Micronutrient supplement recommendations in pregnancy vary across a geographically diverse range of countries: a narrative review. Nutr Res 2024; 123:18-37. [PMID: 38228076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Specific food supplements are essential during preconception and pregnancy to ensure adequate intake of vitamins and minerals to support fetal growth and development and metabolic changes in the maternal body. Our objective was to identify food supplement recommendations, particularly those of folic acid, iron, Vitamin D, and iodine, during preconception and/or pregnancy across a geographically diverse range of countries. Further, we investigated whether country location and income-level related to the recommendations. We performed an electronic search and identified country-specific preconception and pregnancy food supplement recommendations, policy documents, and official guidelines of national organizations informing recommendations. To ensure the data were as accurate as possible, country-specific experts were contacted. Data were collected in 2017 and reevaluated in 2022. Country income level was determined by the World Bank classification. Each inspected country (n = 43) recommended folic acid supplementation, typically 400 µg/day, before and during pregnancy. About half of the countries recommended an iron supplement (dose range, 16-195 mg/day) and one quarter Vitamin D (typically 10 µg/d in higher latitudes) and iodine (150-200 µg/day). Country location and income level had some influence on the recommendations. Vitamin D was more often recommended in higher latitude, high-income countries. Almost all upper-middle and lower-middle income countries recommended iron supplementation, whereas less than one third of high-income countries had a corresponding recommendation. Findings suggest that food supplement recommendations for pregnant women vary across countries, likely influenced by geographic location as well as income level. These data may be used in the harmonization of food supplement recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Saros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kathryn Hart
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Bernadette Egan
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Monique Raats
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Nutrition and Food Research Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Wightman E, Khan J, Smith E, Rolfe V, Smith D, Young G, Cheung W, Kennedy D. Chronic supplementation of a multi-ingredient herbal supplement increases speed of cognitive task performance alongside changes in the urinary metabolism of dopamine and the gut microbiome in cognitively intact older adults experiencing subjective memory decline: a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel groups investigation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1257516. [PMID: 37885445 PMCID: PMC10598389 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1257516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of herbs on brain function are often investigated in isolation, yet herbal preparations are often complex combinations of phytochemicals, designed to target widespread mechanisms. Objective To assess the effects of chronic, 12 weeks, supplementation of a multi-ingredient herbal supplement (containing Bacopa monnieri, Gotu kola leaf, Turmeric whole powder, Reishi full spectrum, Rosemary, Cardamom, Holy Basil, Turmeric Wholistic™ extract, Green Tea & Seagreens) on cognitive function in older adults with subjective memory decline. Secondly, to investigate whether effects are underpinned by shifts in microbial composition and/or metabolism of the herbs. Methods Male and female participants (N = 128) aged between 55-75 years completed lab-based cognitive assessments, and provided stool and urine samples, at baseline and then following 90 days of multi-ingredient herb, or placebo, supplementation. Results Deficits in memory were observed in response to 90 days of multi-ingredient herbal supplement supplementation but the positive effects were all focused on speed of cognitive task performance, with an additional improvement in the false alarm rate on the rapid visual information processing task. These improvements coincided with an increased presence of tyrosine in the urinary metabolome and this may implicate the role of dopamine in these processing and/or motor speed increases. Finally, multi-ingredient herbal supplementation significantly reduced levels of 3 bacterial species in the gut microbiome and one of these, Sutterella, coincides with lower levels of constipation reported in the multi-ingredient herbal supplement condition. Conclusion A multi-ingredient herbal supplement increases speed of cognitive task performance and increased metabolism of tyrosine suggests that this is modulated by increased dopaminergic activity. Reduced levels of Sutterella in the gut is associated with improved bowel movements of participants. Interpretation of the negative effects on memory are, however, stymied by an unequal randomization of participants into treatment groups pre- and post-COVID 19.Clinical trial registration: identifier NCT05504668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wightman
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Nutrition Trials at Northumbria (NUTRAN), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Khan
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Smith
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vivien Rolfe
- Pukka Herbs Ltd.,, The Chocolate Factory, Keynsham, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Smith
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Nutrition Trials at Northumbria (NUTRAN), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NU-OMICS, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Young
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Nutrition Trials at Northumbria (NUTRAN), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NU-OMICS, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - William Cheung
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Kennedy
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Nutrition Trials at Northumbria (NUTRAN), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Sabir H, Maes E, Zweyer M, Schleehuber Y, Imam FB, Silverman J, White Y, Pang R, Pasca AM, Robertson NJ, Maltepe E, Bernis ME. Comparing the efficacy in reducing brain injury of different neuroprotective agents following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in newborn rats: a multi-drug randomized controlled screening trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9467. [PMID: 37301929 PMCID: PMC10257179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia leading to neonatal encephalopathy (NE) results in significant neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, with > 85% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is currently the only available safe and effective treatment of HIE in high-income countries (HIC); however, it has shown limited safety or efficacy in LMIC. Therefore, other therapies are urgently required. We aimed to compare the treatment effects of putative neuroprotective drug candidates following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in an established P7 rat Vannucci model. We conducted the first multi-drug randomized controlled preclinical screening trial, investigating 25 potential therapeutic agents using a standardized experimental setting in which P7 rat pups were exposed to unilateral HI brain injury. The brains were analysed for unilateral hemispheric brain area loss after 7 days survival. Twenty animal experiments were performed. Eight of the 25 therapeutic agents significantly reduced brain area loss with the strongest treatment effect for Caffeine, Sonic Hedgehog Agonist (SAG) and Allopurinol, followed by Melatonin, Clemastine, ß-Hydroxybutyrate, Omegaven, and Iodide. The probability of efficacy was superior to that of HT for Caffeine, SAG, Allopurinol, Melatonin, Clemastine, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and Omegaven. We provide the results of the first systematic preclinical screening of potential neuroprotective treatments and present alternative single therapies that may be promising treatment options for HT in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemmen Sabir
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.v., Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elke Maes
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.v., Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.v., Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schleehuber
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.v., Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Yasmine White
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raymand Pang
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HU, UK
| | - Anca M Pasca
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HU, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria E Bernis
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.v., Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Botchway BOA, Liu X, Zhou Y, Fang M. Biometals in Alzheimer disease: emerging therapeutic and diagnostic potential of molybdenum and iodine. J Transl Med 2023; 21:351. [PMID: 37244993 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current ageing trend of the world population has, in part, accounted for Alzheimer disease (AD) being a public health issue in recent times. Although some progress has been made in clarifying AD-related pathophysiological mechanisms, effective intervention is still elusive. Biometals are indispensable to normal physiological functions of the human body-for example, neurogenesis and metabolism. However, their association with AD remains highly controversial. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are biometals that have been investigated at great length in relation to neurodegeneration, whereas less attention has been afforded to other trace biometals, such as molybdenum (Mo), and iodine. Given the above context, we reviewed the limited number of studies that have evidenced various effects following the usage of these two biometals in different investigative models of AD. Revisiting these biometals via thorough investigations, along with their biological mechanisms may present a solid foundation for not only the development of effective interventions, but also as diagnostic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson O A Botchway
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- Pharmacy Department, Bupa Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London, SW5 0TU, UK
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Abstract
Iodine, through the thyroid hormones, is required for the development of the auditory cortex and cochlea (the sensory organ for hearing). Deafness is a well-documented feature of endemic cretinism resulting from severe iodine deficiency. However, the range of effects of suboptimal iodine intake during auditory development on the hearing ability of children is less clear. We therefore aimed to systematically review the evidence for the association between iodine exposure (i.e. intake/status/supplementation) during development (i.e. pregnancy and/or childhood) and hearing outcomes in children. We searched PubMed and Embase and identified 330 studies, of which thirteen were included in this review. Only three of the thirteen studies were of low risk of bias or of good quality, this therefore limited our ability to draw firm conclusions. Nine of the studies (69 %) were in children (one RCT, two non-RCT interventions and six cross-sectional studies) and four (31 %) were in pregnant women (one RCT, one cohort study and two case reports). The RCT of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women found no effect on offspring hearing thresholds. However, hearing was a secondary outcome of the trial and not all women were from an iodine-deficient area. Iodine supplementation of severely iodine-deficient children (in both non-RCT interventions) resulted in improved hearing thresholds. Five of six cross-sectional studies (83 %) found that higher iodine status in children was associated with better hearing. The current evidence base for the association between iodine status and hearing outcomes is limited and further good-quality research on this topic is needed.
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Jin M, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Chen Y, Liu L, Shen H. Effects of Excessive Iodine on the BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway and Related Genes in Offspring of EAT Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:776-785. [PMID: 35322353 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excess iodine can cause autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in women, but it is unclear whether this has any implications for neurodevelopmental mechanisms in offspring. We studied the effects of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rats with different amounts of iodine intake on offspring brain development via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway, because BDNF plays an important role in neurodevelopment. Rats in three thyroglobulin (Tg) immunized groups with varying iodine intakes (Tg (100 µg/L iodine), Tg + High-iodine I group (Tg + HI, 20 mg/L iodine), and Tg + High-iodine II group (Tg + HII, 200 mg/L iodine)) were injected with 800 µg Tg once every 2 weeks for 3 times. Rats in the control group (NI, 100 µg/L iodine) were immunized with saline. Arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to measure urine iodine levels. The lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroids was observed by histopathological studies. Thyroid autoantibodies levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. The norepinephrine (NE) contents were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and related genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Urinary iodine levels increased as iodine intake increased. Lymphocytes were significantly aggravated in Tg-immunized rats. Serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were clearly elevated in Tg-immunized rats. Tg-immune groups had significantly lower NE levels. The BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and related gene mRNA and protein levels were found to be significantly lower in Tg-immune groups with higher iodine levels. Maternal AIT may reduce the levels of certain neurodevelopmental mechanisms in the offspring, such as the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and related factors, while excessive iodine consumption by the mother may exacerbate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Jin
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Wu MN, Liu WF, Li FD, Huang YW, Gu X, Zhai YJ, Zhang T, Xu L, Lin JF. Association between Iodized Salt Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults in China. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1005-1011. [PMID: 37997722 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between iodized salt intake and cognitive function in older adults. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Individuals from the Zhejiang Major Public Health Surveillance Program (ZPHS). PARTICIPANTS Data of 10,217 participants (including 4,680 coastal residents and 5,537 inland residents) aged ≥ 60 years were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS Salt intake was evaluated using a questionnaire, and participants were stratified into the following three groups: iodized salt, non-iodized salt, and mixed salt. Cognitive function was assessed through the Mini-Mental State Examination and defined using education-specific cut-off points. Logistic regression models controlling for an extensive range of potential confounders were generated to examine the association between salt intake and cognitive function among all participants. RESULTS Data from 10,217 participants with a 16.1% prevalence of cognitive impairment were analyzed. Compared with non-iodized salt intake, consumption of iodized salt was inversely associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR], 0.410; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.351-0.480; P < 0.001) in all participants after multivariable adjustment. An association between iodized salt intake and cognitive impairment was observed in coastal (OR, 0.441; 95% CI, 0.340-0.572; P < 0.001) and inland residents (OR, 0.569; 95% CI, 0.439-0.738; P < 0.001). Despite the insufficient sample size, the results for individuals consuming mixed salt suggested an inverse association between mixed salt intake and cognitive impairment among coastal residents (OR, 0.598; 95% CI, 0.405-0.885; P = 0.010) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that iodized salt intake may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults living in coastal or inland areas, and the protective effect of iodized salt intake is greater in coastal areas than in inland areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Wu
- Junfen Lin, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China, E-mail address: , Tel: +86 057187115131, Fax: +86 057187115278
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11
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Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214493. [PMID: 36364754 PMCID: PMC9657725 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11−2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation.
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Iodine Intake and Related Cognitive Function Impairments in Elementary Schoolchildren. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101507. [PMID: 36290411 PMCID: PMC9599038 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency, the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide, has been linked to poorer intellectual function in several studies. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been performed in moderate iodine-deficient schoolchildren using the complete form of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III; Portuguese version). The main purpose of this study was to ascertain whether moderate iodine deficiency would affect the cognitive function of schoolchildren (7-11 years old; 3rd and 4th grades). Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM; Portuguese version) were used for measuring the intelligence quotient (IQ) of the total population (n = 256; median UIC = 66.2 μg/L), and the WISC-III was used to study two selected subgroups: one moderately iodine-deficient (n = 30) and the other with adequate iodine intake (n = 30). WISC-III was shown to be the prime instrument for cognitive function assessment among moderate iodine-deficient schoolchildren; this subgroup had a Full-Scale IQ 15.13 points lower than the adequate iodine intake subgroup, with a magnitude effect of d = 0.7 (p = 0.013). Significant differences were also registered in 6 of the 13 Verbal-Performance IQ subtests. Moderate iodine deficiency has a substantial impact on mental development and cognitive functioning of schoolchildren, with significant impairment in both Performance IQ and Verbal IQ spectrum, adversely impacting their educational performance.
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Geyer K, Günther J, Hoffmann J, Spies M, Raab R, Zhelyazkova A, Rose I, Hauner H. Dietary Supplementation Before, During and After Pregnancy: Results of the Cluster-Randomized GeliS Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82:736-746. [PMID: 35815097 PMCID: PMC9262633 DOI: 10.1055/a-1771-6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The nutritional status of women before, during, and after pregnancy plays an important role in the health of mother and child. In addition to a balanced mixed diet, the
increased need for folic acid and iodine should be met and ensured with supplements. The aim of this study was to assess dietary supplementation in the context of pregnancy and to
investigate the effect of targeted counselling on supplementation behavior during and after pregnancy.
Methods
In the context of the “Gesund leben in der Schwangerschaft” (GeliS; “Healthy living in pregnancy”) trial, women in the intervention group (IG) received four structured
lifestyle counselling sessions during pregnancy as well as postpartum, during which they were informed about appropriate dietary supplementation. The women in the control group (CG) received
routine prenatal care. The intake of dietary supplements was recorded at different points using a questionnaire.
Results
In total, 2099 women were included in the analysis. Prior to conception, 31.3% of the women in the IG and 31.4% of the women in the CG took folic acid supplements.
Prenatally, about half of the women took folic acid (IG: 54.1%; CG: 52.0%) and iodine (IG: 50.2%; CG: 48.2%). Statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to
supplementation behavior could not be observed, neither prior to inclusion in the study nor during the intervention. During pregnancy, 23.0% of all women took docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
supplements and 21.8% iron supplements. 49.4% of the women additionally took vitamin D supplements. A higher educational level (p < 0.001), advanced age (p < 0.001), primiparity
(p < 0.001), and a vegetarian diet (p = 0.037) were all associated with a higher level of dietary supplementation.
Conclusion
The GeliS lifestyle counselling did not significantly improve the supplementation behavior of women during and after pregnancy. Women should be informed about adequate
dietary supplementation early on within the scope of gynecological prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Geyer
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Julia Günther
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, München, Germany
| | - Monika Spies
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Roxana Raab
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ana Zhelyazkova
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Inga Rose
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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14
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Andersson M, Braegger CP. The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:469-506. [PMID: 35552681 PMCID: PMC9113141 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid hormone synthesis. The potential effects on infant development depend on the degree, timing, and duration of exposure. The iodine requirement is particularly high during infancy because of elevated thyroid hormone turnover. Breastfed infants rely on iodine provided by human milk, but the iodine concentration in breast milk is determined by the maternal iodine intake. Diets in many countries cannot provide sufficient iodine, and deficiency is prevented by iodine fortification of salt. However, the coverage of iodized salt varies between countries. Epidemiological data suggest large differences in the iodine intake in lactating women, infants, and toddlers worldwide, ranging from deficient to excessive intake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of iodine nutrition and its association with thyroid function in lactating women, infants, and toddlers. We discuss risk factors for iodine malnutrition and the impact of targeted intervention strategies on these vulnerable population groups. We highlight the importance of appropriate definitions of optimal iodine nutrition and the need for more data assessing the risk of mild iodine deficiency for thyroid disorders during the first 2 years in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andersson
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Braegger
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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Breast Milk Iodine Concentration (BMIC) as a Biomarker of Iodine Status in Lactating Women and Children <2 Years of Age: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091691. [PMID: 35565659 PMCID: PMC9104537 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Iodine is needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which are essential for infant growth and development. Given that there are wide variations in breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC), it is unclear if BMIC is associated with UIC in populations residing in iodine sufficient or deficient areas. Aim: To investigate if BMIC can be used as a biomarker for iodine status in lactating women and children <2 years of age. Methods: Electronic databases; PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched until year 2021, for studies investigating the relationship between BMIC and UIC. Studies were reviewed for eligibility, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by data extraction, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Overall, 51 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. BMIC ranged from 18 to 1153 µg/L. In iodine-deficient and iodine-sufficient lactating women, BMIC ranged from 26 to 185 µg/L and 15 to 1006 µg/L, respectively. In most studies, the categorisation of iodine status assessed by median UIC was consistent with the categorisation of iodine status assessed by median BMIC cut off of ≥100 µg/L, to determine iodine sufficiency in lactating women and children <2 years of age. Conclusions: The systematic review indicated that BMIC is a promising biomarker of iodine status in lactating women and children <2 years of age. However, these data need to be interpreted cautiously, given the study limitations in the included studies. Future studies should consider investigating the optimal median BMIC, as there is a lack of high-quality observational and intervention studies in lactating women and infants.
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Li F, Wan S, Zhang L, Li B, He Y, Shen H, Liu L. A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Iodine Excess on the Intellectual Development of Children in Areas with High Iodine Levels in their Drinking Water. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1580-1590. [PMID: 34302270 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis is to comprehensively investigate the effect of iodine excess on children's intellectual development in areas with high iodine levels in their drinking water. We systematically searched the electronic databases and identified 17 publications (16 in Chinese and 1 in English) on the effect of iodine excess on children's intelligence published between January 31, 1985, and January 31, 2020. This meta-analysis included 14,794 children from 28 studies. The results showed that compared with the control group, the intelligence level of children in the high iodine group reduced significantly by 1.64 points (WMD=-1.64; 95% CI (-3.225, -0.049), Z=2.02, P<0.05). Subgroup analyses were performed according to the water iodine concentration, water iodine concentration of the control group, the intelligence test method, and regions of China (i.e., north and south). We noted that when the water iodine concentration was <300μg/L, 301-600μg/L, 600.1-900μg/L, and >900μg/L, the intelligence level of the high iodine groups decreased by varying degrees, although not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The water iodine concentration of the control group was divided into two groups (<150 μg/L and <100 μg/L) and the heterogeneity analysis showed that the heterogeneity of the control group decreased significantly when the concentration of water iodine was <150 μg/L, I2 = 67.3%, P<0.001, which indicated a potential source of heterogeneity. The analyses by test method showed that among the studies which used the China Joint Raven's test, the intelligence level of children in the high iodine group was 0.86 points lower than in the control group (P>0.05). Conversely, we observed that among the studies which used the China Binet intelligence test and the binaphthalene intelligence test of Tanzhida in Japan to evaluate children's intelligence level, the intelligence level of children in the high iodine groups was significantly lower (3.65 points and 8.0 points, respectively) compared with the control groups (P<0.05). The analysis of the regions of China demonstrated that whereas the reduction in children's intelligence level from excess iodine in the north of China was not statistically significant (WMD=-0.16, 95% CI (-2.18, 1.85), P>0.05), the association was statistically significant in the southern part of China (WMD=-1.86, 95% CI (-3.57, -0.09), P<0.05). This study found that high iodine concentration was statistically significantly associated with a decline in intelligence level in children. Comparatively, the intelligence level of children who were exposed to high iodine concentrations reduced significantly by 1.64 points. These findings have public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhong He
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- National Health commission &Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province, Key laboratory and Etiology and Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine insufficiency during pregnancy may adversely influence fetal growth and development. There is a lack of information on iodine status in pregnant women and infants in many countries including Finland. The aim of this study is to determine dietary intake of iodine and the iodine status in a population of Finnish pregnant women and their infants. METHODS Urine samples were collected from women participating in a mother-child clinical study at early (n = 174) and late pregnancy (n = 186) and at three months of postpartum (n = 197), when infant samples were also collected (n = 123). Urine iodine concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cutoffs for iodine insufficiency were < 150 µg/L during pregnancy and < 100 µg/L at postpartum and in infants. Iodine intake was assessed using 3-day food diaries. RESULTS Increased risk of insufficiency, based on urinary iodine concentrations, was observed in the groups investigated in this study. Of the women studied, 66% had urinary iodine concentrations indicating insufficient intakes and iodine insufficiency at early pregnancy, 70% at late pregnancy and 59% at three months of postpartum. This was also the case in 29% of the three-month-old infants. Estimation of iodine intake revealed that iodine insufficient women had lower intakes of iodine from the diet, from food supplements and from diet plus supplements than iodine sufficient women in early pregnancy and at three months of post-partum. In late pregnancy, this difference was seen for iodine intake from supplements. CONCLUSION The majority of the women manifested with low urine iodine concentrations both during and after pregnancy. Similarly, one-third of the infants presented with iodine insufficiency. Maternal iodine intake data support these findings. These observations may have implications for optimal child cognitive development.
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Can Nutrients and Dietary Supplements Potentially Improve Cognitive Performance Also in Esports? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020186. [PMID: 35206801 PMCID: PMC8872051 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors influencing brain function and cognitive performance can be critical to athletic performance of esports athletes. This review aims to discuss the potential beneficial effects of micronutrients, i.e., vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances on cognitive functions of e-athletes. Minerals (iodine, zinc, iron, magnesium) and vitamins (B vitamins, vitamins E, D, and C) are significant factors that positively influence cognitive functions. Prevention of deficiencies of the listed ingredients and regular examinations can support cognitive processes. The beneficial effects of caffeine, creatine, and probiotics have been documented so far. There are many plant products, herbal extracts, or phytonutrients that have been shown to affect precognitive activity, but more research is needed. Beetroot juice and nootropics can also be essential nutrients for cognitive performance. For the sake of players’ eyesight, it would be useful to use lutein, which, in addition to improving vision and protecting against eye diseases, can also affect cognitive functions. In supporting the physical and mental abilities of e-athletes the base is a well-balanced diet with adequate hydration. There is a lack of sufficient evidence that has investigated the relationship between dietary effects and improved performance in esports. Therefore, there is a need for randomized controlled trials involving esports players.
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Cusick SE, Barks A, Georgieff MK. Nutrition and Brain Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 53:131-165. [PMID: 34622395 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
All nutrients are essential for brain development, but pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed sensitive periods of brain development during which key nutrients are critical. An understanding of these nutrient-specific sensitive periods and the accompanying brain regions or processes that are developing can guide effective nutrition interventions as well as the choice of meaningful circuit-specific neurobehavioral tests to best determine outcome. For several nutrients including protein, iron, iodine, and choline, pre-clinical and clinical studies align to identify the same sensitive periods, while for other nutrients, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, and vitamin D, pre-clinical models demonstrate benefit which is not consistently shown in clinical studies. This discordance of pre-clinical and clinical results is potentially due to key differences in the timing, dose, and/or duration of the nutritional intervention as well as the pre-existing nutritional status of the target population. In general, however, the optimal window of success for nutritional intervention to best support brain development is in late fetal and early postnatal life. Lack of essential nutrients during these times can lead to long-lasting dysfunction and significant loss of developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Amanda Barks
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Tian W, Yan W, Liu Y, Zhou F, Wang H, Sun W. The Status and Knowledge of Iodine among Pregnant Women in Shanghai. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4489-4497. [PMID: 33462796 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodine plays an important role in thyroid function. However, in daily practices, people lack the related details including the knowledge concerned iodine usage, attitudes towards it, and practice among pregnant women. The aim of the present study is to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in Shanghai, and their knowledge regarding iodine, with the goal of investigating the relationship between iodine and thyroid function during pregnancy. This is a cross-sectional study. We recruited 3 groups of participants including 145 pregnant women (12-16 weeks gestation), 101 pregnant women (24-28 weeks gestation), and 108 pregnant women (34-38 weeks gestation). Iodine status and dietary intake were calculated from 24-h urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Knowledge regarding iodine was collected through a questionnaire. We additionally examined TSH, FT3, FT4, and TPOAb of the participants. The median of UIC of the 354 pregnant women was 119.2 μg/L, and 68.9% had urinary iodine levels below 150 μg/L. The proportion of daily iodized salt consumption in pregnant women was only 78.0%. The median UIC of the pregnant women who had consumed iodized salt was significantly higher than that of the pregnant women without iodized salt intake (Z = - 5.087, P < 0.001). Pregnant women in weeks 34-38 with a high level of knowledge had significantly lower TSH levels than those with low knowledge level (P = 0.046). Among the 349 pregnant women, few were aware of the harm to the fetus (8.3%). Significant differences were found in the scores for the knowledge level of women with different educational levels (Z = - 5.413, P < 0.001). Pregnant women in Shanghai have mild iodine deficiency. Approaches to improve iodine status among pregnant women in Shanghai include raising their awareness of iodine intake and changing their dietary habits. Otherwise, the risk of iodine deficiency in pregnant women may continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Wang Z, Shen J, Song Q, Cui X, Shi Z, Su J, Zang J. Effects of animal protein intake during pregnancy on autoimmune thyroiditis in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:542-553. [PMID: 34800315 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine and animal protein may affect thyroid function. In the present study, we explored the association between animal protein intake and thyroid antibody status in pregnant women following universal salt iodisation. METHODS Pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified random sampling method in Shanghai. In total, 4646 eligible women were interviewed in person. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire and food composition tables to calculate the daily intakes of protein and iodine. We collected urine samples and performed thyroid antibody tests. RESULTS Positive thyrotropin receptor antibody (TR-Ab) rates were different among animal protein intake groups (p < 0.05). Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was higher in the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). The median of total protein intake, animal protein intake and UIC was higher in the TR-Ab positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). The median of total protein intake and UIC was higher in the TPO-Ab/TG-Ab/TR-Ab positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression results showed that insufficient iodine had a negative correlation with positive TPO-Ab and positive TR-Ab (p < 0.05). The middle third and top third animal protein intakes served as protective factors for TR-Ab (coefficient = 0.559, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.415-0.752, p < 0.001; coefficient = 0.0.406, 95% CI = 0.266-0.621, p < 0.001) and positive TPO-Ab/TR-Ab/TG-Ab (coefficient = 0.817, 95% CI = 0.687-0.971, p = 0.022; coefficient = 0.805, 95% CI = 0.672-0.964, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Adequate animal protein intake protects against elevated anti-thyroid antibody levels in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Song
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuan Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Su
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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22
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Costello SE, Geiser E, Schneider N. Nutrients for executive function development and related brain connectivity in school-aged children. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:1293-1306. [PMID: 33355357 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions refer to a set of higher-order cognitive processes involved in the control and organization of information to serve goal-directed behaviors. Skills in executive functioning are developed throughout childhood and adolescence and have been shown to be predictive of academic achievement. The coordination of these complex processes is critically dependent on brain maturation and connectivity, including key neurodevelopmental processes like myelination and synaptogenesis. Among other factors, research highlights the influential effect of nutrition and diet on these neurodevelopmental processes, which may impact executive function performance in healthy and deficient populations. This review considers the research to date on the role of key nutrients that have been identified for executive function development and their underlying neurophysiological processes in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Costello
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eveline Geiser
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nora Schneider
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Wang Z, Shen J, Wu Y, Cui X, Song Q, Shi Z, Guo C, Su J, Zang J. A China Healthy Diet Index-Based Evaluation of Dietary Quality among Pregnant Women in Shanghai across Trimesters and Residential Areas. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:301-309. [PMID: 34719615 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Good dietary quality among pregnant women is critical for maternal and fetal health. The primary objective of our study was to analyze the dietary quality of pregnant woman and its influencing factors. Pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random-sampling method in Shanghai. We used a personal food frequency questionnaire and a household condiment weighing method for dietary assessments. Participants' scores on the China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) were analyzed to evaluate diet quality. Significant differences in the median daily intake of almost all food types were found across all trimesters, and all food types were found across all residential areas (urban, suburban and rural). The median of total CHDI score was 71.6 in all subjects, 71.1 in early pregnancy, 71.5 in middle pregnancy and 72.3 in late pregnancy. The results of uni-variate analysis showed that significant differences in CHDI scores were found across trimesters and residential areas. Eighty one point six percent of participants scored below 80 points, indicating general or poor dietary quality. Logistic regression models showed that participants in early and middle pregnancy had lower scores than those in late pregnancy. Women in urban areas had higher scores than those in suburban and rural areas. Most of pregnant women living in Shanghai suffer from a general or poor dietary quality. Education on balance diet should be strengthened to guide pregnant women in making reasonable food choices and intake, especially those living in suburban and rural areas and those in their first and second trimesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xueying Cui
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Qi Song
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Zehuan Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Changyi Guo
- General Office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jin Su
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Budke C, Dierend W, Schön HG, Hora K, Mühling KH, Daum D. Iodine Biofortification of Apples and Pears in an Orchard Using Foliar Sprays of Different Composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638671. [PMID: 33719316 PMCID: PMC7943743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by agronomic biofortification. Therefore, in this study two field experiments were conducted under orchard conditions to assess the potential of I biofortification of apples and pears by foliar fertilization. Fruit trees were sprayed at various times during the growing season with solutions containing I in different concentrations and forms. In addition, tests were carried out to establish whether the effect of I sprays can be improved by co-application of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). Iodine accumulation in apple and pear fruits was dose-dependent, with a stronger response to potassium iodide (KI) than potassium iodate (KIO3). In freshly harvested apple and pear fruits, 51% and 75% of the biofortified iodine was localized in the fruit peel, respectively. The remaining I was translocated into the fruit flesh, with a maximum of 3% reaching the core. Washing apples and pears with running deionized water reduced their I content by 14%. To achieve the targeted accumulation level of 50-100 μg I per 100 g fresh mass in washed and unpeeled fruits, foliar fertilization of 1.5 kg I per hectare and meter canopy height was required when KIO3 was applied. The addition of KNO3 and Na2SeO4 to I-containing spray solutions did not affect the I content in fruits. However, the application of KNO3 increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits by up to 1.0 °Brix compared to the control, and Na2SeO4 in the spray solution increased the fruit selenium (Se) content. Iodine sprays caused leaf necrosis, but without affecting the development and marketing quality of the fruits. Even after three months of cold storage, no adverse effects of I fertilization on general fruit characteristics were observed, however, I content of apples decreased by 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Budke
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Werner Dierend
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schön
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katja Hora
- SQM International N.V, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Karl Hermann Mühling
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diemo Daum
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
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25
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Tao B, Lv Q, Lui S, He L. Gray Matter and Regional Brain Activity Abnormalities in Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:582519. [PMID: 33716959 PMCID: PMC7943870 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.582519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) brain structure and resting state of functional activity have remained unexplored. PURPOSE To investigate gray matter volume (GMV) and regional brain activity with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients before and after treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 54 SCH and 41 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. GMV and fALFF of SCH were compared with controls and between pre- and post-treatment within SCH group. Correlations of GMV and fALFF in SCH with thyroid function status and mood scales were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Compared to controls, GMV in SCH was significantly decreased in Orbital part of inferior frontal, superior frontal, pre-/postcentral, inferior occipital, and temporal pole gyrus. FALFF values in SCH were significantly increased in right angular, left middle frontal, and left superior frontal gyrus. After treatment, there were no significant changes in GMV and the local brain function compared to pre-treatment, however the GMV and fALFF of the defective brain areas were improved. Additionally, decreased values of fALFF in left middle frontal gyrus were correlated with increased mood scales. CONCLUSION In this study we found that patients with SCH, the gray matter volume in some brain areas were significantly reduced, and regional brain activity was significantly increased. After treatment, the corresponding structural and functional deficiencies had a tendency for improvement. These changes may reveal the neurological mechanisms of mood disorder in SCH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Neurology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- Neurology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingguo Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Li He, ; Su Lui,
| | - Li He
- Neurology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Li He, ; Su Lui,
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26
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Pinto E, Ramos P, Vital C, Santos A, Almeida A. Iodine levels in different regions of the human brain. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126579. [PMID: 32559703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are crucial for proper growth and development of the human body. In particular, a great body of literature has been published on the link between thyroid hormones and brain development and functioning. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the iodine levels in the human brain. The aim of this work was to determine the brain iodine levels and to contribute to the establishment of "reference" levels for iodine in the different anatomical and functional regions of normal (i.e., subjects without neurological or psychiatric diseases) human brain. METHODS The iodine levels were determined in 14 brain regions of 52 dead subjects without evidence of neurological or psychiatric disease (n = 728 samples). Iodine was extracted from brain samples using a standard procedure and determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Four subjects presented abnormally high brain iodine levels (26.0 ± 14.2 μg/g) and were excluded from the overall data analysis. The average brain iodine levels for the remaining 48 subjects was 0.14 ± 0.13 μg/g dry weight. Iodine showed very heterogeneous distribution across the different brain regions, with the frontal cortex, caudate nucleus and putamen showing the highest levels. Interestingly, these brain regions are closely related to cognitive function. Iodine levels also showed a tendency to increase with age. The high levels observed in four subjects seemed to be related to previous exposure to iodine-based contrast agents widely used in radiology and computed tomography exams. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides important data on iodine levels at different brain regions in "normal" people, which can be used to interpret eventual imbalances in subjects with mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pinto
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, P.Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Vital
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Santos
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - North Branch, Jardim Carrilho Videira, 4050-167, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Opazo MC, Coronado-Arrázola I, Vallejos OP, Moreno-Reyes R, Fardella C, Mosso L, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM, Riedel CA. The impact of the micronutrient iodine in health and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1466-1479. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1843398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Endocrine-Immunology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irenice Coronado-Arrázola
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII). Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Mosso
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII). Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Endocrine-Immunology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalny AV. A Case-Control Study of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements and Minerals in Hair of 0-4-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:399-408. [PMID: 31468294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess hair essential and toxic trace elements and minerals in children with cerebral palsy in relation to age of the examinees. A total of 70 children with cerebral palsy and 70 healthy controls aged 0-4 years old were enrolled in the present study. The examined children were also divided into two age groups of those younger and older than 2 years old. Hair trace element content was assessed using ICP-MS at NexION 300D (PerkinElmer, USA). The obtained data demonstrate that hair boron was more than 2-fold lower in CP children as compared with the control group. At the same time, hair Na, Se, and V levels were 21%, 12%, and 20% lower when compared with healthy controls, respectively. It is also notable that a 9% and 28% decrease in hair Fe and Li levels respectively were nearly significant. The observed alterations were more profound in a younger group of patients. No significant group difference in hair toxic metal and metalloid levels was observed between the general cohorts of children with and without CP. In regression models, only hair Al and Ca contents were significantly associated with the presence of cerebral palsy, whereas hair Mg, Na, Ni, and Se levels were characterized as significant negative predictors. The observed alteration in trace element metabolism may also provide an additional link between cerebral palsy, psychomotor delay, and certain diseases, including diabetes, epilepsy, and osteoporosis. However, further studies using other substrates (blood, urine) or biomarkers are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146.
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Taipei Medical University, Wuxing St., 250, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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29
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Kirichuk AA, Skalny AA, Dodkhoyev JS, Skalnaya MG, Grabeklis AR, Ajsuvakova OP, Tinkov AA, Notova SV, Bjørklund G, Tinkova MN, Chizhov AY, Bobrovnitskiy IP, Bolotnikova EA, Chernigov VV, Skalny AV. The efficiency of Governmental and WFP UN Programs for improvement of nutritional status in Tajik schoolchildren as assessed by dietary intake and hair trace element content. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:196-203. [PMID: 31345358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to assess hair trace element and mineral content in children undergoing WFP UN and the governmental programs of school nutrition in Tajikistan. METHODS WFP program included provision or wheat flour fortified with micronutrients including Fe and Zn, and iodized salt, whereas within the governmental program hot meals were provided. A total of 202 children studying in schools that were not (Type 1, n = 100) or were involved in dietary intervention programs (Type 2, n = 102). Food and hair trace element content was assessed using ICP-MS. RESULTS Daily intake of Fe, I, Zn, B, Co, Mg, Si, and Sr in Type 2 schools was more than 2.5, 12, 4, 2.9, 2.6, 2, 3, and 2-fold higher than that in Type 1 schools. Correspondingly, anthropometric parameters in children from Type 2 schools exceeded the control values. Surprisingly, no significant difference in hair iodine levels was detected. Hair analysis demonstrated a significant increase in hair Ca, Mg, Na, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Se, V, Zn content. Certain toxic elements including Al, As, and Be were also characterized by an increase in Type 2 schools. At the same time, nutritional intervention was associated with a significant decrease in hair B, Hg, and Sn levels. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional intervention within WFP and the governmental program was effective in increasing essential trace element supply in Tajik schoolchildren. However, further studies including a detailed assessment of nutritional and health status with a special focus on iodine and thyroid functioning are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; ANO "Center for Biotic Medicine", Russia
| | | | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; ANO "Center for Biotic Medicine", Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey R Grabeklis
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; ANO "Center for Biotic Medicine", Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Notova
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Ovidius University, 900527, Constanta, Romania; Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Margarita N Tinkova
- ANO "Center for Biotic Medicine", Russia; Orenburg Central District Hospital, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Ya Chizhov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor P Bobrovnitskiy
- Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, 69100, Lyon, France.
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30
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Food and Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: Results from the NICE Birth Cohort in Northern Sweden. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071680. [PMID: 31336625 PMCID: PMC6682885 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Linkages between diet and other lifestyle factors may confound observational studies. We used cluster analysis to analyze how the intake of food and nutrients during pregnancy co-varies with lifestyle, clinical and demographic factors in 567 women who participated in the NICE (nutritional impact on immunological maturation during childhood in relation to the environment) birth-cohort in northern Sweden. A food frequency questionnaire, Meal-Q, was administered in pregnancy Week 34, and the reported food and nutrient intakes were related to maternal characteristics such as age, education, rural/town residence, parity, pre-pregnancy smoking, first-trimester BMI, allergy and hyperemesis. Two lifestyle-diet clusters were identified: (1) High level of education and higher age were related to one another, and associated with a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish, and (2) smoking before pregnancy and higher BMI in early pregnancy were related to one another and associated with a diet that contained white bread, French fries, pizza, meat, soft drinks, candy and snacks. More than half of the women had lower-than-recommended daily intake levels of vitamin D, folate, selenium, and iodine. Complex lifestyle-diet interactions should be considered in observational studies that link diet and pregnancy outcome.
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Fallah R, Du L, Braverman LE, He X, Segura-Harrison M, Yeh MW, Pearce EN, Chiu HK, Mittelman SD, Leung AM. Iodine Nutrition in Weaning Infants in the United States. Thyroid 2019; 29:573-576. [PMID: 30827204 PMCID: PMC6457884 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As iodine is a requisite micronutrient for infant brain development, infants are at risk for iodine deficiency during the weaning period when their diet transitions from milk (breast-milk, infant formula, or follow-on formula) to solid food. Dietary iodine intake during this weaning period is likely minimal, as the iodine content of commercial baby food is not regulated, and the addition of salt to baby food is not recommended. This study reports the current status of iodine nutrition among weaning infants in the United States. METHODS Subjects (n = 60; 50% Caucasian, 30% black) were infants <12 months of age who were fed any combination of formula and/or baby food. Samples of all formula and food consumed in the previous 24 hours and a spot urine sample from each infant were obtained for the measurement of iodine. The estimated quantities of ingested formula and baby food were summed from a food diary recorded by the infants' parents. RESULTS The mean age of the infants was 6.3 ± 3.5 months. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 117 μg/L (range 26.9-1302.8 μg/L). Estimated daily iodine intake obtained from the measured iodine content in infant formula/foods was 89 μg (range 0-288 μg). There was a positive correlation between the infants' UIC and the iodine content in the consumed foods (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although the median UIC of infants fed a combination of infant formula and baby food would meet the criteria for iodine sufficiency in a larger sample, those consuming the lowest quartile of iodine-containing nutritional sources had a median UIC <100 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Fallah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lewis E. Braverman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuemei He
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miriam Segura-Harrison
- Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
| | - Michael W. Yeh
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth N. Pearce
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harvey K. Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven D. Mittelman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Angela M. Leung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Address correspondence to: Angela M. Leung, MD, MSc, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd (111D), Los Angeles, CA 90073
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Jesus TS, Landry MD, Hoenig H. Global Need for Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060980. [PMID: 30893793 PMCID: PMC6466363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: To inform global health policies and resources planning, this paper analyzes evolving trends in physical rehabilitation needs, using data on Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: Secondary analysis of how YLDs from conditions likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation have evolved from 1990 to 2017, for the world and across countries of varying income levels. Linear regression analyses were used. Results: A 66.2% growth was found in estimated YLD Counts germane to physical rehabilitation: a significant and linear growth of more than 5.1 billion YLDs per year (99% CI: 4.8–5.4; r2 = 0.99). Low-income countries more than doubled (111.5% growth) their YLD Counts likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation since 1990. YLD Rates per 100,000 people and the percentage of YLDs likley benefiting from physical rehabilitation also grew significantly over time, across locations (all p > 0.05). Finally, only in high-income countries did Age-standardized YLD Rates significantly decrease (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.86). Conclusions: Physical rehabilitation needs have been growing significantly in absolute, per-capita and in percentage of total YLDs. This growth was found globally and across countries of varying income level. In absolute terms, growths were higher in lower income countries, wherein rehabilitation is under-resourced, thereby highlighting important unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago S Jesus
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine & WHO Collaborating Center on Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine-NOVA University of Lisbon, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Michel D Landry
- Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI), Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Helen Hoenig
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Koletzko B, Cremer M, Flothkötter M, Graf C, Hauner H, Hellmers C, Kersting M, Krawinkel M, Przyrembel H, Röbl-Mathieu M, Schiffner U, Vetter K, Weißenborn A, Wöckel A. Diet and Lifestyle Before and During Pregnancy - Practical Recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start - Young Family Network. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:1262-1282. [PMID: 30655650 PMCID: PMC6294644 DOI: 10.1055/a-0713-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise before and during pregnancy affect the course of the pregnancy, the child's development and the short- and long-term health of mother and child. The Healthy Start - Young Family Network has updated the recommendations on nutrition in pregnancy that first appeared in 2012 and supplemented them with recommendations on a preconception lifestyle. The recommendations address body weight before conception, weight gain in pregnancy, energy and nutritional requirements and diet (including a vegetarian/vegan diet), the supplements folic acid/folate, iodine, iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protection against food-borne illnesses, physical activity before and during pregnancy, alcohol, smoking, caffeinated drinks, oral and dental hygiene and the use of medicinal products. Preparation for breast-feeding is recommended already during pregnancy. Vaccination recommendations for women planning a pregnancy are also included. These practical recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start - Young Family Network are intended to assist all professional groups that counsel women and couples wishing to have children and during pregnancy with uniform, scientifically-based and practical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU – Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde e. V. (DGKJ), Berlin, Germany
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Cremer
- Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben/Bundeszentrum für Ernährung (BZfE) in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Flothkötter
- Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben/Bundeszentrum für Ernährung (BZfE) in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Lehrstuhl für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Hellmers
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e. V. (DGHWi), Münster, Germany
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Forschungsdepartment Kinderernährung, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Krawinkel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. (DGE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hildegard Przyrembel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Röbl-Mathieu
- Mitglied der Ständigen Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut (STIKO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schiffner
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderzahnheilkunde e. V. (DGKiZ), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Vetter
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Nationale Stillkommission, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Weißenborn
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Abel MH, Korevaar TI, Erlund I, Villanger GD, Caspersen IH, Arohonka P, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Brantsæter AL. Iodine Intake is Associated with Thyroid Function in Mild to Moderately Iodine Deficient Pregnant Women. Thyroid 2018; 28:1359-1371. [PMID: 30132420 PMCID: PMC6157349 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy may have a long-term negative impact on child neurodevelopment. These effects are likely mediated via changes in maternal thyroid function, since iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. However, the impact of iodine availability on thyroid function during pregnancy and on thyroid function reference ranges are understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between iodine intake and thyroid function during pregnancy. DESIGN In a population-based pregnancy cohort including 2910 pregnant women participating in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, we explored cross sectional associations of maternal iodine intake measured (1) by a food frequency questionnaire and (2) as iodine concentration in a spot urine sample, with plasma thyroid hormones and antibodies. RESULTS Biological samples were collected in mean gestational week 18.5 (standard deviation 1.3) and diet was assessed in gestational week 22. Median iodine intake from food was 121 μg/day (interquartile range 90, 160), and 40% reported use of iodine-containing supplements in pregnancy. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 59 μg/L among those who did not use supplements and 98 μg/L in the women reporting current use at the time of sampling, indicating mild to moderate iodine deficiency in both groups. Iodine intake as measured by the food frequency questionnaire was not associated with the outcome measures, while UIC was inversely associated with FT3 (p = 0.002) and FT4 (p < 0.001). Introduction of an iodine-containing supplement after gestational week 12 was associated with indications of lower thyroid hormone production (lower FT4, p = 0.027, and nonsignificantly lower FT3, p = 0.17). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of TSH, FT4, and FT3 were not significantly different by groups defined by calculated iodine intake or by UIC. CONCLUSION The results indicate that mild to moderate iodine deficiency affect thyroid function in pregnancy. However, the differences were small, suggesting that normal reference ranges can be determined based on data also from mildly iodine deficient populations, but this needs to be further studied. Introducing an iodine-containing supplement might temporarily inhibit thyroid hormone production and/or release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hope Abel
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Tine SA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim I.M. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Erlund
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gro Dehli Villanger
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Henriette Caspersen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petra Arohonka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Appraising success in meeting the world's nutritional needs has largely focused on infant mortality and anthropometric measurements with an emphasis on the first 1,000 days (conception to approximately age 2 years). This ignores the unique nutritional needs of the human brain. Although the intrauterine environment and the early postnatal years are important, equally critical periods follow during which the brain's intricate wiring is established for a lifetime of experience-driven remodeling. At the peak of this process during childhood, the human brain may account for 50% of the body's basal nutritional requirement. Thus, the consequences of proper nutritional management of the brain play out over a lifetime. Our motivation in preparing this review was to move the human brain into a more central position in the planning of nutritional programs. Here we review the macro- and micronutrient requirements of the human brain and how they are delivered, from conception to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S. Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Lora L. Iannotti
- Brown School, Institute for Public Health, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Montoya Parra GA, Singh RH, Cetinyurek-Yavuz A, Kuhn M, MacDonald A. Status of nutrients important in brain function in phenylketonuria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:101. [PMID: 29941009 PMCID: PMC6020171 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite early and ongoing dietary management with a phe-restricted diet, suboptimal neuropsychological function has been observed in PKU. The restrictive nature of the PKU diet may expose patients to sub-optimal nutritional intake and deficiencies which may impact normal brain function. A systematic review of the published literature was carried out, where possible with meta-analysis, to compare the status of nutrients (Nutrients: DHA, EPA phospholipids, selenium, vitamins B6, B12, E, C, A, D, folic acid, choline, uridine, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, iodine and cholesterol) known to be important for brain development and functioning between individuals with PKU and healthy controls. Results Of 1534 publications identified, 65 studies met the entry criteria. Significantly lower levels of DHA, EPA and cholesterol were found for PKU patients compared to healthy controls. No significant differences in zinc, vitamins B12, E and D, calcium, iron and magnesium were found between PKU patients and controls. Because of considerable heterogeneity, the meta-analyses findings for folate and selenium were not reported. Due to an insufficient number of publications (< 4) no meta-analysis was undertaken for vitamins A, C and B6, choline, uridine, iodine and phospholipids. Conclusions The current data show that PKU patients have lower availability of DHA, EPA and cholesterol. Compliance with the phe-restricted diet including the micronutrient fortified protein substitute (PS) is essential to ensure adequate micronutrient status. Given the complexity of the diet, patients’ micronutrient and fatty acid status should be continuously monitored, with a particular focus on patients who are non-compliant or poorly compliant with their PS. Given their key role in brain function, assessment of the status of nutrients where limited data was found (e.g. choline, iodine) should be undertaken. Standardised reporting of studies in PKU would strengthen the output of meta-analysis and so better inform best practice for this rare condition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0839-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Montoya Parra
- Danone Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rani H Singh
- Metabolic Genetics and Nutrition Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mirjam Kuhn
- Danone Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Abel MH, Ystrom E, Caspersen IH, Meltzer HM, Aase H, Torheim LE, Askeland RB, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Brantsæter AL. Maternal Iodine Intake and Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Large Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1239. [PMID: 29137191 PMCID: PMC5707711 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge about the relationship between mild to moderately inadequate maternal iodine intake and/or supplemental iodine on child neurodevelopment is sparse. Using information from 77,164 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, this study explored associations between maternal iodine intake and child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry and maternally-reported child ADHD symptoms at eight years of age. Pregnant women reported food and supplement intakes by questionnaire in gestational week 22. In total, 1725 children (2.2%) were diagnosed with ADHD. In non-users of supplemental iodine (53,360 mothers), we found no association between iodine intake from food and risk of child ADHD diagnosis (p = 0.89), while low iodine from food (<200 µg/day) was associated with higher child ADHD symptom scores (adjusted difference in score up to 0.08 standard deviation (SD), p < 0.001, n = 19,086). In the total sample, we found no evidence of beneficial effects of maternal use of iodine-containing supplements (n = 23,804) on child ADHD diagnosis or symptom score. Initiation of iodine supplement use in gestational weeks 0-12 was associated with an increased risk of child ADHD (both measures). In conclusion, insufficient maternal iodine intake was associated with increased child ADHD symptom scores at eight years of age, but not with ADHD diagnosis. No reduction of risk was associated with maternal iodine supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hope Abel
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, 0167 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Research and Development, TINE SA, 0902 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
- Section of Health, Developmental and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
- Pharmaco Epidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ida Henriette Caspersen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Heidi Aase
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, 0167 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragna Bugge Askeland
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
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Aridi YS, Walker JL, Wright ORL. The Association between the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cognitive Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:E674. [PMID: 28657600 PMCID: PMC5537789 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing population is accompanied by increased rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Not only does cognitive decline have a profound impact on an individual's health and quality of life, but also on that of their caregivers. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been known to aid in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It has been recently linked to better cognitive function in the elderly population. The purpose of this review was to compile evidence based data that examined the effect of adherence to the MD on cognitive function and the risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was conducted using four databases and resulted in 31 articles of interest. Cross-sectional studies and cohort studies in the non-Mediterranean region showed mixed results. However, cohort studies in the Mediterranean region and randomized controlled trials showed more cohesive outcomes of the beneficial effect of the MD on cognitive function. Although more standardized and in-depth studies are needed to strengthen the existing body of evidence, results from this review indicate that the Mediterranean diet could play a major role in cognitive health and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine S Aridi
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline L Walker
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Olivia R L Wright
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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