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Lia F, Attard K. Bioactive Potential of Olive Mill Waste Obtained from Cultivars Grown in the Island of Malta. Foods 2024; 13:1152. [PMID: 38672825 PMCID: PMC11049450 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the bioactive potential of olive mill waste derived from cultivars grown in the Maltese Islands through various analytical approaches. Cell culture, cell staining, allelopathic assays, shrimp brine lethality assays, and HPLC analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy and bioactivity of the extracts using different treatments, including methanolic extraction, acid, and alkaline hydrolysis. Notably, the results from cell lines revealed that NB4r2 cells exhibited high susceptibility to the tested extracts, with the lowest IC50 recorded after 72 h of exposure. Notably, the 'Bajda' cultivar displayed the most effectiveness, particularly with acid hydrolysis. In allelopathic assays, higher concentrations of 'Malti', 'Bidni', and 'Bajda' extracts significantly inhibited lettuce seed germination. Similarly, in the brine shrimp lethality assay, higher concentrations led to increased mortality rates of Artemia salina, though rates decreased at lower concentrations. The identification of phenolic compounds found in olive mill waste was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the use of internal standards. The identification revealed a variety of compounds, with 3-hydroxytyrosol and oleacein being present in high abundance in nearly all hydrolyzed and methanolic extracts, whereas gallic acid was found to be the least abundant. These findings highlight the rich bioactive potential of olive mill waste and provide insights into its applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agriculture, emphasizing the importance of further research to fully exploit these valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Lia
- Institute of Applied Science, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, PLA 9032 Paola, Malta;
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Pojero F, Gervasi F, Fiore SD, Aiello A, Bonacci S, Caldarella R, Attanzio A, Candore G, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Procopio A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Accardi G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Age-Related Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11029. [PMID: 37446206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging facilitate the insurgence of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is a non-invasive intervention to improve the chronic low-grade inflammatory status associated with aging. Olive oil oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrated a controversial modulatory action on inflammation in vitro when tested at concentrations exceeding those detectable in human plasma. We studied the potential anti-inflammatory effects of OLE and HT at nutritionally relevant concentrations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as regards cell viability, frequency of leukocyte subsets, and cytokine release, performing an age-focused analysis on two groups of subjects: Adult (age 18-64 years) and Senior (age ≥ 65 years). OLE and HT were used alone or as a pre-treatment before challenging PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both polyphenols had no effect on cell viability irrespective of LPS, but 5 µM HT had an LPS-like effect on monocytes, reducing the intermediate subset in Adult subjects. OLE and HT had no effect on LPS-triggered release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, but 5 µM HT reduced IL-10 secretion by PBMCs from Adult vs. Senior group. In summary, nutritionally relevant concentrations of OLE and HT elicit no anti-inflammatory effect and influence the frequency of immune cell subsets with age-related different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory Unit, ARNAS Hospitals Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Nousis L, Kanavaros P, Barbouti A. Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence: Is Labile Iron the Connecting Link? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1250. [PMID: 37371980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a cell state characterized by a generally irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in various physiological processes and a wide range of age-related pathologies. Oxidative stress, a condition caused by an imbalance between the production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues, is a common driver of cellular senescence. ROS encompass free radicals and other molecules formed as byproducts of oxygen metabolism, which exhibit varying chemical reactivity. A prerequisite for the generation of strong oxidizing ROS that can damage macromolecules and impair cellular function is the availability of labile (redox-active) iron, which catalyzes the formation of highly reactive free radicals. Targeting labile iron has been proven an effective strategy to counteract the adverse effects of ROS, but evidence concerning cellular senescence is sparse. In the present review article, we discuss aspects of oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence, with special attention to the potential implication of labile iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Nousis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Barbouti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Chlorophyll Pigments of Olive Leaves and Green Tea Extracts Differentially Affect Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062779. [PMID: 36985751 PMCID: PMC10053222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based extracts possess biological potential due to their high content of phytochemicals. Nevertheless, photosynthetic pigments (e.g., chlorophylls) that are also present in plant extracts could produce undesirable pro-oxidant activity that might cause a negative impact on their eventual application. Herein, the phenolic content of olive leaf (OLE) and green tea (GTE) extracts was assayed, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were evaluated before and after the removal of chlorophylls. Regarding phenolic content, OLE was rich in hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol as well as oleuropein, whereas the main compounds present in GTE were gallocatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate, and caffeine. Interestingly, fresh extracts’ antioxidant ability was dependent on phenolic compounds; however, the elimination of chlorophyll compounds did not modify the antioxidant activity of extracts. In addition, both OLE and GTE had high cytotoxicity against HL-60 leukemic cell line. Of note, the removal of chlorophyll pigments remarkably reduced the cytotoxic effect in both cases. Therefore, our findings emphasize the remarkable antioxidant and anticancer potential of OLE and GTE and suggest that chlorophylls are of paramount importance for the tumor-killing ability of such plant-derived extracts.
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Antioxidant and DNA-Protective Activity of an Extract Originated from Kalamon Olives Debittering. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020333. [PMID: 36829892 PMCID: PMC9952268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Table olives are a major component of the Mediterranean diet and are associated with many beneficial biological activities, which are mainly related to their phenolic compounds. Olive fruit debittering process defines the quantitative and qualitative composition of table olives in biophenols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective activity of an extract originated from brine samples, according to the Greek style debbitering process of Kalamon olive fruits. The main phenolic components determined in the brine extract were hydroxytyrosol (HT), verbascoside (VERB) and tyrosol (T). The in vitro cell-free assays showed strong radical scavenging capacity from the extract, therefore antioxidant potential. At cellular level, human endothelial cells (EA.hy296) and murine myoblasts (C2C12) were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of the brine extract and the redox status was assessed by measuring glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS). Our results show cell type specific response, exerting a hormetic reflection at endothelial cells. Finally, in both cell lines, pre-treatment with brine extract protected from H2O2-induced DNA damage. In conclusion, this is the first holistic approach highlighted table olive wastewaters from Kalamon- Greek style debittering process, as valuable source of bioactive compounds, which could have interesting implications for the development of new products in food or other industries.
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Benetis NP, Paloncýová M, Knippenberg S. Multiscale Modeling Unravels the Influence of Biomembranes on the Photochemical Properties of Embedded Anti-Oxidative Polyphenolic and Phenanthroline Chelating Dyes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:212-227. [PMID: 36563093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The embedding of caffeate methyl ester, the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin, and the o-phenanthroline and neocuproine in a liquid disordered lipid bilayer has been studied through extensive atomistic calculations. The location and the orientation of these bio-active antioxidants are explained and analyzed. While the two phenanthrolines strongly associate with the lipid tail region, the other three compounds are rather found among the head groups. The simulations showcase conformational changes of the flavonoids. Through the use of a hybrid quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics scheme and supported by a profound benchmarking of the electronic excited-state method for these compounds, the influence of the anisotropic environment on the compounds' optical properties is analyzed. Influences of surrounding water molecules and of the polar parts of the lipids on the transition dipole moments and excited-state dipole moments are weighted with respect to a change in conformation. The current study highlights the importance of the mapping of molecular interactions in model membranes and pinpoints properties, which can be biomedically used to discriminate and detect different lipid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markéta Paloncýová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 8, Olomouc779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Knippenberg
- Hasselt University, Theory Lab, Agoralaan Building D, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 160/09, B-1050Brussels, Belgium
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Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of hydroxytyrosol in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101516. [PMID: 34784517 PMCID: PMC8591503 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important olive component, hydroxytyrosol (HT) has good medicinal and health effects. However, its importance in alleviating immune suppression in broilers has not been established. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of HT in immune suppressed broilers. Immune suppressed broiler models were established via intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cy). Thirty two Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 8 each. Broilers in the model (Cy) and HT treatment (Cy+HT) groups were intraperitoneally administered with Cy (80 mg/kg BW) once a day for 3 d. From the 4th d, broilers in the Cy+HT and HT groups were treated with 0.5 mL of 200 mg/L HT solution, once a day, for 7 d. The Cy and Con groups were orally administered with normal saline. On the 14th and 28th d, serum and duodenal samples were obtained for testing. It was found that HT increased villi height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio in the duodenum and suppressed serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Moreover, it elevated the expressions of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. HT upregulated the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and downregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in Cy-induced immune-suppressed broilers. In conclusion, HT can alleviate immune-suppression as well as enhance immunity and antioxidant activities in the local mucosa of small intestines in broilers. Therefore, it can be used as an immune stimulant. More studies should be performed to confirm our findings and to elucidate on the mechanisms of HT.
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Plotnikov MB, Plotnikova TM. Tyrosol as a Neuroprotector: Strong Effects of a "Weak" Antioxidant. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:434-448. [PMID: 32379590 PMCID: PMC8206466 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of neuroprotective agents for stroke is pathogenetically justified, but the translation of the results of preclinical studies of neuroprotectors into clinical practice has been a noticeable failure. One of the leading reasons for these failures is the one-target mechanism of their activity. p-Tyrosol (Tyr), a biophenol, is present in a variety of natural sources, mainly in foods, such as olive oil and wine. Tyr has a wide spectrum of biological activity: antioxidant, stress-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and many others. This review analyzes data on the neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and other kinds of Tyr activity as well as data on the pharmacokinetics of the substance. The data presented in the review substantiate the acceptability of tyr as the basis for the development of a new neuroprotective drug with multitarget activity for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Tyr is a promising molecule for the development of an effective neuroprotective agent for use in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk 634028, Russian Federation
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Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein-Enriched Extracts Obtained from Olive Oil Wastes and By-Products as Active Antioxidant Ingredients for Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Films. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072104. [PMID: 33917644 PMCID: PMC8038859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stability of food is one of the most important parameters affecting integrity and consequently nutritional properties of dietary constituents. Antioxidants are widely used to avoid deterioration during transformation, packaging, and storage of food. In this paper, novel poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based films were prepared by solvent casting method adding an hydroxytyrosol-enriched extract (HTyrE) or an oleuropein-enriched extract (OleE) in different percentages (5, 10 and 20% w/w) and a combination of both at 5% w/w. Both extracts were obtained from olive oil wastes and by-products using a sustainable process based on membrane technologies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of each sample carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear resonance magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) proved that the main components were hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (Ole), respectively, two well-known antioxidant bioactive compounds found in Olea europaea L. All novel formulations were characterized investigating their morphological, optical and antioxidant properties. The promising performances suggest a potential use in active food packaging to preserve oxidative-sensitive food products. Moreover, this research represents a valuable example of reuse and valorization of agro-industrial wastes and by-products according to the circular economy model.
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Implication of Dietary Iron-Chelating Bioactive Compounds in Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030491. [PMID: 33800975 PMCID: PMC8003849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the prevailing perceptions regarding the ageing of cells and organisms is the intracellular gradual accumulation of oxidatively damaged macromolecules, leading to the decline of cell and organ function (free radical theory of ageing). This chemically undefined material known as "lipofuscin," "ceroid," or "age pigment" is mainly formed through unregulated and nonspecific oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules that are induced by highly reactive free radicals. A necessary precondition for reactive free radical generation and lipofuscin formation is the intracellular availability of ferrous iron (Fe2+) ("labile iron"), catalyzing the conversion of weak oxidants such as peroxides, to extremely reactive ones like hydroxyl (HO•) or alcoxyl (RO•) radicals. If the oxidized materials remain unrepaired for extended periods of time, they can be further oxidized to generate ultimate over-oxidized products that are unable to be repaired, degraded, or exocytosed by the relevant cellular systems. Additionally, over-oxidized materials might inactivate cellular protection and repair mechanisms, thus allowing for futile cycles of increasingly rapid lipofuscin accumulation. In this review paper, we present evidence that the modulation of the labile iron pool distribution by nutritional or pharmacological means represents a hitherto unappreciated target for hampering lipofuscin accumulation and cellular ageing.
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The effect of table olive wastewater extract administration on the adult ovariectomised rat model of osteoporosis. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1761-1770. [PMID: 33550996 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts for alternative non-pharmaceutical treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are focused on nutritional measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of table olive wastewater extract (OE) administration on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical strength in ovariectomised rats. Thirty mature 9-month-old female Wistar rats were separated into three groups of ten: Control, Ovariectomised (OVX) and OVX + OE. BMD was measured before ovariectomy, 3 and 6 months afterwards. At the end of the study, blood, both femurs and tibias, internal organs and abdominal fat were collected. After 3 months, the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX + OE group were both higher compared with the OVX group (P < 0·005). Similar results were found after 6 months, when the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX + OE group were both higher compared with the OVX group (P < 0·005). Biomechanical testing of the femurs did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the groups. Body weights throughout the study, organs' and abdominal fat ratios to final body weight and blood results (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Ca and P) were within normal limits and did not show any significant difference between the treated and untreated groups. As a conclusion, the administration of OE for 6 months protected tibial BMD loss in comparison with the untreated OVX group without causing adverse effects.
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Kucukgul A, Isgor MM, Duzguner V, Atabay MN, Kucukgul A. Antioxidant Effects of Oleuropein on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Stress- An In Vitro Study. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:74-84. [PMID: 30714532 PMCID: PMC7403681 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190201145824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background
Persistent oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and mediate most chronic diseases including neurological disorders. Oleuropein has been shown to be a potent antioxidant molecule in olive oil leaf having antioxidative properties. Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells. Methods
Human glioblastoma cells (U87) were pretreated with oleuropein (OP) essential oil 10 µM. After 30 minutes, 100 µM H2O2 was added to the cells for three hours. Cell survival was quantified by colorimetric MTT assay. Glutathione level, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were determined by using specific spectrophotometric methods. The relative gene expression level of iNOS was performed by qRT-PCR method. Results
According to viability results, the effective concentration of H2O2 (100µM) significantly decreased cell viability and oleuropein pretreatment significantly prevented the cell losses. Oleuropein regenerated total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels decreased by H2O2 exposure. In addition, nitric oxide and total oxidant capacity levels were also decreased after administration of oleuropein in treated cells. Conclusion
Oleuropein was found to have potent antioxidative properties in human glioblastoma cells. However, further studies and validations are needed in order to understand the exact neuroprotective mechanism of oleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Kucukgul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet M Isgor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Vesile Duzguner
- Department of Nursery, High School of Health Sciences, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Meryem N Atabay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Azime Kucukgul
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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Borovskaya TG, Vychuzhanina AV, Grigor'eva VA, Kollantay OV, Goldberg VE, Dygai AM. Evaluation of the Effect of p-Tyrosol on the Level of DNA Damage in the DNA Comet Assay In Vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:233-236. [PMID: 32651820 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of p-tyrosol on the spontaneous level of DNA damage in the cells of the bone marrow, liver, kidney, and rectum of mice (series I) and on the genotoxic effects of cytostatic drugs with different mechanisms of action in rat testicular cells (series II) was studied by DNA comet assay on C57BL/6 mice. p-Tyrosol was administered in a dose of 40 mg/kg once (series I) or for 5 days before and 5 days after cytostatic exposure (busulfan, paclitaxel, methotrexate; series II). It was found that p-tyrosol reduced spontaneous level of DNA damage in all studied organs. p-Tyrosol exhibited an antigenotoxic effect with respect to the DNA-damaging action of methotrexate and produced no genoprotective effect in case of busulfan and paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Borovskaya
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - A V Vychuzhanina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V A Grigor'eva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O V Kollantay
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V E Goldberg
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Dygai
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
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Iron homeostasis and oxidative stress: An intimate relationship. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Palazzi L, Leri M, Cesaro S, Stefani M, Bucciantini M, Polverino de Laureto P. Insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation by hydroxytyrosol. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 173:113722. [PMID: 31756328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly people. To date, drugs able to reverse the disease are not available; the gold standard is levodopa that only relieves clinical symptoms, yet with severe side effects after prolonged administration. Many efforts are underway to find alternative targets for PD prevention or treatment, the most promising being α-synuclein (Syn). Recently, we reported that oleuropein aglycone (OleA) interferes with amyloid aggregation of Syn both stabilizing its monomeric state and inducing the formation of harmless, off-pathway oligomers. This study is focused at describing the interaction between Syn and hydroxytyrosol (HT), the phenolic moiety and main metabolite of OleA, and the interferences with Syn aggregation by using biophysical and biological techniques. Our results show that HT dose-dependently inhibits Syn aggregation and that covalent and non-covalent binding mediate HT-Syn interaction. HT does not modify the natively unfolded structure of Syn, rather, it stabilizes specific regions of the molecule leading to inhibition of protein fibrillation. Cellular assays showed that HT reduces the toxicity of Syn aggregates. Moreover, Syn aggregates interaction with the cell membrane, an important factor for prion-like properties of Syn on-pathway oligomers, was reduced in cells exposed to Syn aggregates grown in the presence of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Cesaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
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16
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De Stefanis D, Scimè S, Accomazzo S, Catti A, Occhipinti A, Bertea CM, Costelli P. Anti-Proliferative Effects of an Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Extract Enriched in Ligstroside Aglycone and Oleocanthal on Human Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111640. [PMID: 31653043 PMCID: PMC6896128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleocanthal and ligstroside aglycone are olive oil-derived polyphenols. The former interferes with tumor growth with minor or no cytotoxicity on non-tumorigenic primary cell lines. The information about the bioactivity of ligstroside aglycone are scanty, with the exception of a known antioxidant power. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor with high mortality rates. Systemic chemotherapy is only marginally effective and is frequently complicated by toxicity. Previous observations have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines become more sensitive to taxol when it is combined with Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα). The present work aimed to assess the effects of a polyphenolic extract containing both oleocanthal and ligstroside aglycone on proliferation and/or death in three liver cancer cell lines (HepG2, Huh7 and Hep3B). The possibility to enhance such effect by the addition of TNFα was also investigated. Both cell proliferation and death were enhanced by the exposure to the polyphenolic extract. Such effect was associated with induction of autophagy and could be potentiated by TNFα. The presence of ligstroside aglycone in the extract lowered the oleocanthal concentration required for cytotoxicity. These results show for the first time that the effects of a polyphenol extract can be potentiated by TNFα and that modulation of autophagy likely account for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Stefanis
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Scimè
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Simone Accomazzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Catti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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17
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Kreatsouli K, Fousteri Z, Zampakas K, Kerasioti E, Veskoukis AS, Mantas C, Gkoutsidis P, Ladas D, Petrotos K, Kouretas D, Stagos D. A Polyphenolic Extract from Olive Mill Wastewaters Encapsulated in Whey Protein and Maltodextrin Exerts Antioxidant Activity in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080280. [PMID: 31387273 PMCID: PMC6719156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare maltodextrin and whey protein as encapsulation carriers for olive mill wastewater (OMWW) phenolic extract for producing antioxidant powder, by using spray drying under 17 different conditions. In some samples, gelatin was also added in the encapsulation mixture. The antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro by using the DPPH•, ABTS•+, reducing power and DNA plasmid strand breakage assays. The results showed that both materials were equally effective for producing antioxidant powder, although by using different conditions. For example, inlet/outlet temperature of the spray drying did not seem to affect the maltodextrin samples’ antioxidant activity, but whey protein samples showed better antioxidant activity at lower temperatures. Gelatin use decreased antioxidant activity, especially in whey protein samples. The two most potent samples, one encapsulated in maltodextrin and the other in whey protein, were examined for their antioxidant effects in human endothelial cells by assessing glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Both samples significantly enhanced the antioxidant molecule of GSH, while maltodextrin sample also decreased ROS. The present findings suggested both materials for encapsulation of OMWW extract for producing antioxidant powder which may be used in food products, especially for the protection from ROS-induced endothelium pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kreatsouli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zinovia Fousteri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zampakas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Mantas
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Technical Education Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Paschalis Gkoutsidis
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Technical Education Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ladas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Technical Education Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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18
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The Polyphenolic Composition of Extracts Derived from Different Greek Extra Virgin Olive Oils Is Correlated with Their Antioxidant Potency. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1870965. [PMID: 31015888 PMCID: PMC6446106 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1870965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil possesses a predominant role in the diet of countries around the Mediterranean basin, whereas it is a known constituent of several sectors of human culture. The polyphenolic composition of olive oil seems to be a key factor in its beneficial biological properties. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to correlate the polyphenolic composition of five extracts derived from a Greek olive oil variety with their antioxidant potency and antimutagenic activities in vitro with chemical-based techniques and cell culture-based assays. According to the results obtained, the polyphenol samples with higher concentration of hydroxytyrosol (HT) were more potent in antioxidant and antimutagenic activity in vitro, as indicated by their ability to scavenge ABTS·+ radical and to protect the strand of plasmid DNA from free radical-induced breaking compared to the corresponding samples with higher levels of tyrosol (T) and its derivatives. However, this observation was not evident in the cell culture model (i.e., the HeLa cervical cancer cell line) to which the tested extracts were administered. Specifically, the T-rich extracts more effectively increased endogenous GSH levels measured by flow cytometry than did the HT-rich compounds. Also, olive oil compounds contributed variously to the expression of genes implicated in the cell antioxidant machinery, as indicated by quantitative PCR. Therefore, the relationship between structure and function in redox regulation is complex and merits the combination of tests. Given that factors like the production and storage regimen of the plants are major determinants of the composition of the generated extracts, we propose that specific conditions should be adopted in order to achieve their maximum biological activity. These results followed by others in the same direction could provide a solid basis for the production of functional foods enriched in olive oil extracts with potential antioxidant action in vivo.
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19
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Protective Effects of Fullerene C 60 Nanoparticles and Virgin Olive Oil against Genotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1261356. [PMID: 30116471 PMCID: PMC6079351 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1261356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The potential effects of the fullerene C60 nanoparticle (C60) as well as virgin olive oil (VOO) against the cyclophosphamide- (CP-) induced cytotoxic and mutagenic effects were evaluated by two main methods: molecular intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) assay and cytogenetic biomarkers. Thirty adult male rats were divided to five groups (control, CP, C60, CP + C60, and CP + VOO). CP was i.p. injected with a single dose of 200 mg/kg; C60 and VOO were given orally (4 mg/kg dissolved in VOO and 1 ml, resp.) in alternative days for 20 days. The ISSR analysis revealed an increased in the DNA fragmentation level for liver and heart tissues represented by 21.2% and 32.6%, respectively, in the CP group. The DNA polymorphism levels were modulated and improved in CP + C60 (8.9% and 12%) and CP + VOO (9.8% and 12.7%) for hepatic and cardiac tissues, respectively. The bone marrow cytogenetic analysis revealed that C60 and VOO had significantly decreased the frequency of CP-induced chromosomal aberrations (chromosomal ring, deletion, dicentric chromosome, fragmentation, and polyploidy). Fullerene C60 and VOO have ability to reduce DNA damage and decrease chromosomal aberrations. In conclusion, fullerene C60 and VOO have protective effects against the CP-induced mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Fullerene C60 and VOO open an interesting field concerning their potential antigenotoxic agents against deleterious side effects of chemotherapeutics.
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20
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Čabarkapa A, Dekanski D, Živković L, Milanović-Čabarkapa M, Bajić V, Topalović D, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Battino M, Spremo-Potparević B. Unexpected effect of dry olive leaf extract on the level of DNA damage in lymphocytes of lead intoxicated workers, before and after CaNa 2 EDTA chelation therapy. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:616-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Piroddi M, Albini A, Fabiani R, Giovannelli L, Luceri C, Natella F, Rosignoli P, Rossi T, Taticchi A, Servili M, Galli F. Nutrigenomics of extra-virgin olive oil: A review. Biofactors 2017; 43:17-41. [PMID: 27580701 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics data on the functional components of olive oil are still sparse, but rapidly increasing. Olive oil is the main source of fat and health-promoting component of the Mediterranean diet. Positive effects have been observed on genes involved in the pathobiology of most prevalent age- and lifestyle-related human conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. Other effects on health-promoting genes have been identified for bioactive components of olives and olive leafs. Omics technologies are offering unique opportunities to identify nutritional and health biomarkers associated with these gene responses, the use of which in personalized and even predictive protocols of investigation, is a main breakthrough in modern medicine and nutrition. Gene regulation properties of the functional components of olive oil, such as oleic acid, biophenols and vitamin E, point to a role for these molecules as natural homeostatic and even hormetic factors with applications as prevention agents in conditions of premature and pathologic aging. Therapeutic applications can be foreseen in conditions of chronic inflammation, and particularly in cancer, which will be discussed in detail in this review paper as major clinical target of nutritional interventions with olive oil and its functional components. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):17-41, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piroddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry Lab, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Scientific and Technology Pole, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- NEUROFARBA - Section of Phamacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- NEUROFARBA - Section of Phamacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Fausta Natella
- CREA-NUT, Consiglio per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosignoli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rossi
- Research and Statistics, Department, IRCCS "Tecnologie Avanzate E Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia", Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry Lab, University of Perugia, Italy
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22
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Wang HM, Yang HL, Thiyagarajan V, Huang TH, Huang PJ, Chen SC, Liu JY, Hsu LS, Chang HW, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0 Enhances Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis in Human Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:385-396. [PMID: 27821721 PMCID: PMC5759941 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416673907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0; 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a major active constituent of Antrodia camphorata, has been shown to inhibit human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells through induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Ecological studies have suggested a possible association between ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and reduction in the risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the combination of CoQ0 and UVB in human estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer (MCF-7) remains unclear. In this study, the possible effect of CoQ0 on inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells under exposure to low-dose UVB (0.05 J/cm2) has been investigated. CoQ0 treatment (0-35 µM, for 24-72 hours) inhibits moderately the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the cell viability was significantly decreased when the cells were pretreated with UVB irradiation. It was noted that there was a remarkable accumulation of subploid cells, the so-called sub-G1 peak, in CoQ0-treated cells by using flow cytometric analysis, which suggests that the viability reduction observed after treatment may result from apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. CoQ0 caused an elevation of reactive oxygen species, as indicated by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, and UVB pretreatment significantly increased CoQ0-induced reactive oxygen species generation in MCF-7 cells. In addition, cells were exposed to CoQ0, and the induction of DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). CoQ0-induced DNA damage was remarkably enhanced by UVB pretreatment. Furthermore, CoQ0 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was associated with PARP degradation, Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression as shown by western blot. Collectively, these findings suggest that CoQ0 might be an important supplemental agent for treating patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Wang
- 1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- 2 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- 5 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- 1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- 2 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Kitsati N, Mantzaris MD, Galaris D. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic signaling via labile iron chelation. Redox Biol 2016; 10:233-242. [PMID: 27810738 PMCID: PMC5094689 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that Mediterranean diet plays an important role in maintaining human health, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the potential role of ortho-dihydroxy group containing natural compounds in H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. For this purpose, the main phenolic alcohols of olive oil, namely hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, were examined for their ability to protect cultured cells under conditions of oxidative stress. A strong correlation was observed between the ability of hydroxytyrosol to mitigate intracellular labile iron level and the protection offered against H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. On the other hand, tyrosol, which lacks the ortho-dihydroxy group, was ineffective. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol (but not tyrosol), was able to diminish the late sustained phase of H2O2-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. The derangement of intracellular iron homeostasis, following exposure of cells to H2O2, played pivotal role both in the induction of DNA damage and the initiation of apoptotic signaling. The presented results suggest that the protective effects exerted by ortho-dihydroxy group containing dietary compounds against oxidative stress-induced cell damage are linked to their ability to influence changes in the intracellular labile iron homeostasis. The ortho-dihydroxy moiety is essential for the protective action of polyphenols. Hydroxytyrosol protects cell constituents by mitigating intracellular labile iron. Hydroxytyrosol diminishes H2O2-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kitsati
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michalis D Mantzaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Galaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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24
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Pastor A, Rodríguez-Morató J, Olesti E, Pujadas M, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Covas MI, Solá R, Motilva MJ, Farré M, de la Torre R. Analysis of free hydroxytyrosol in human plasma following the administration of olive oil. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:183-190. [PMID: 26877176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive oil, a potent bioactive molecule with health benefits, has a poor bioavailability, its free form (free HT) being undetectable so far. This fact leads to the controversy whether attained HT concentrations after olive oil polyphenol ingestion are too low to explain the observed biological activities. Due to this, an analytical methodology to determine free HT in plasma is crucial for understanding HT biological activity. Plasma HT instability and low concentrations have been major limitations for its quantification in clinical studies. Here, we describe a method to detect and quantify free HT in human plasma by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method encompasses different steps of sample preparation including plasma stabilization, protein precipitation, selective derivatization with benzylamine, and purification by solid-phase extraction. A high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3ng/mL), specificity and stability of HT is achieved following these procedures. The method was validated and its applicability was demonstrated by analyzing human plasma samples after olive oil intake. A pharmacokinetic comparison was performed measuring free HT plasma concentrations following the intake of 25mL of ordinary olive oil (nearly undetectable concentrations) versus an extra-virgin olive oil (Cmax=4.40ng/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first time that an analytical procedure for quantifying free HT in plasma after olive oil dietary doses has been reported. The present methodology opens the door to a better understanding of the relationship between HT plasma concentrations and its beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eulàlia Olesti
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden.
| | - Rosa Solá
- NFOC Group, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - María-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Rosignoli P, Fuccelli R, Sepporta MV, Fabiani R. In vitro chemo-preventive activities of hydroxytyrosol: the main phenolic compound present in extra-virgin olive oil. Food Funct 2016; 7:301-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The co-incubation in the culture medium with hydroxytyrosol [3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (3,4-DHPEA)], the main phenolic compound present in extra-virgin olive oil, and H2O2reduces the oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Rosignoli
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnologies
- University of Perugia
- Italy
| | - Raffaela Fuccelli
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnologies
- University of Perugia
- Italy
| | | | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnologies
- University of Perugia
- Italy
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26
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Knežević A, Živković L, Stajić M, Vukojević J, Milovanović I, Spremo-Potparević B. Antigenotoxic Effect of Trametes spp. Extracts against DNA Damage on Human Peripheral White Blood Cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:146378. [PMID: 26258163 PMCID: PMC4517545 DOI: 10.1155/2015/146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trametes species have been used for thousands of years in traditional and conventional medicine for the treatment of various types of diseases. The goal was to evaluate possible antigenotoxic effects of mycelium and basidiocarp extracts of selected Trametes species and to assess dependence on their antioxidant potential. Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta, and T. gibbosa were the species studied. Antigenotoxic potentials of extracts were assessed on human peripheral white blood cells with basidiocarp and mycelium extracts of the species. The alkaline comet test was used for detection of DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites, as well as the extent of DNA migration. DPPH assay was used to estimate antioxidative properties of extracts. Fruiting body extracts of T. versicolor and T. gibbosa as well as T. hirsuta extracts, except that at 20.0 mg/mL, were not genotoxic agents. T. versicolor extract had at 5.0 mg/mL the greatest antigenotoxic effect in both pre- and posttreatment of leukocytes. The mycelium extracts of the three species had no genotoxic activity and significant antigenotoxic effect against H2O2-induced DNA damage, both in pre- and posttreatment. The results suggest that extracts of these three species could be considered as strong antigenotoxic agents able to stimulate genoprotective response of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Knežević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lada Živković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Stajić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukojević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milovanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zun-Qiu W, Gui-Zhou Y, Qing-Ping Z, You-Jun J, Kai-Yu T, Hua-Ping C, Ze-Shen Y, Qian-Ming H. Purification, Dynamic Changes and Antioxidant Activities of Oleuropein in Olive (O
lea Europaea
L.) Leaves. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zun-Qiu
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Yue Gui-Zhou
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Zhu Qing-Ping
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Jiang You-Jun
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Tang Kai-Yu
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Chen Hua-Ping
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Yang Ze-Shen
- Department of Agricultural Development; Liang Shan Zhong Ze New Technology Development Co., Ltd.; Xichang Sichuan China
| | - Huang Qian-Ming
- College of Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan 625014 China
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28
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Hseu YC, Tsai YC, Huang PJ, Ou TT, Korivi M, Hsu LS, Chang SH, Wu CR, Yang HL. The dermato-protective effects of lucidone from Lindera erythrocarpa through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated human skin keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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29
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Fuccelli R, Sepporta MV, Rosignoli P, Morozzi G, Servili M, Fabiani R. Preventive Activity of Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds on Alkene Epoxides Induced Oxidative DNA Damage on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1322-30. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Anter J, Tasset I, Demyda-Peyrás S, Ranchal I, Moreno-Millán M, Romero-Jimenez M, Muntané J, Luque de Castro MD, Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga Á. Evaluation of potential antigenotoxic, cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of the olive oil by-product “alperujo”, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and verbascoside. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 772:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Čabarkapa A, Živković L, Žukovec D, Djelić N, Bajić V, Dekanski D, Spremo-Potparević B. Protective effect of dry olive leaf extract in adrenaline induced DNA damage evaluated using in vitro comet assay with human peripheral leukocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Yang HL, Kumar KJS, Kuo YT, Chang HC, Liao JW, Hsu LS, Hseu YC. Antrodia camphorata induces G1 cell-cycle arrest in human premyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:2278-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is a well-known medicinal mushroom in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition
- China Medical University
- Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Nutrition
- China Medical University
- Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hebron C. Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
- Asia University
- Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung 40401, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmeceutics
- College of Pharmacy
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33
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McCarthy AL, O’Callaghan YC, Connolly A, Piggott CO, FitzGerald RJ, O’Brien NM. Phenolic extracts of brewers’ spent grain (BSG) as functional ingredients – Assessment of their DNA protective effect against oxidant-induced DNA single strand breaks in U937 cells. Food Chem 2012; 134:641-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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34
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Viscum album L. Extracts Protects HeLa Cells against Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Damage. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:958740. [PMID: 22988477 PMCID: PMC3440025 DOI: 10.1155/2012/958740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Viscum album L. is a semiparasitic plant grown on trees and widely used for the treatment of many diseases in traditional and complementary therapy. It is well known that some activities of Viscum album extracts are varied depending on the host trees, such as antioxidant, apoptosis-inducing, anticancer activities of the plant. The aim of the present study is to examine the comparative effects of methanolic extracts of V. album grown on three different host trees (locust tree, lime tree, and hedge maple tree) on H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage in HeLa cells. Oxidative damage in mitochondrial DNA and two nuclear regions was assessed by QPCR assay. The cells were pretreated with methanolic extracts (10 μg/mL) for 48 h, followed by the treatment with 750 μM H(2)O(2) for 1 hour. DNA damage was significantly induced by H(2)O(2) while it was inhibited by V. album extracts. All extracts completely protected against nuclear DNA damage. While the extract from lime tree or white locust tree entirely inhibited mitochondrial DNA damage, that from hedge maple tree inhibited by only 50%. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of V. album can prevent oxidative DNA damage, and the activity is dependent on the host tree.
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35
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Kitsati N, Fokas D, Ouzouni MD, Mantzaris MD, Barbouti A, Galaris D. Lipophilic caffeic acid derivatives protect cells against H2O2-Induced DNA damage by chelating intracellular labile iron. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7873-7879. [PMID: 22827723 DOI: 10.1021/jf301237y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cinnamic acid derivatives are ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom, and it has been proposed that their consumption contributes to the maintenance of human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their health keeping effects remain unknown. In the present investigation, we evaluated the capacity of several cinnamic acid derivatives (trans-cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids, as well as caffeic acid-methyl and -propyl esters) to protect cells from oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. It was observed that effective protection was based on the ability of each compound to (i) reach the intracellular space and (ii) chelate intracellular "labile" iron. These results support the notion that numerous lipophilic iron chelating compounds, present abundantly in plant-derived diet components, may protect cells in conditions of oxidative stress and in this way be important contributors toward maintenance of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kitsati
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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36
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Erol Ö, Arda N, Erdem G. Phenols of virgin olive oil protects nuclear DNA against oxidative damage in HeLa cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3475-9. [PMID: 22877972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage is an inescapable consequence for cells constantly exposed to oxidative stress derived from normal metabolic processes and from environmental factors. Phenolic compounds, which have strong antioxidant activity, prevent DNA damage by protecting the cells against harmful effects of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of virgin olive oil phenolic extract (OOPE) was investigated on H2O2-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage in HeLa cells. DNA damage was assessed in mitochondria and two nuclear regions by using quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay. The cells were pre-treated with non-cytotoxic doses of OOPE for 4 h, and DNA damage was determined. OOPE alone does not change the steady-state level of DNA damage. The oxidative stress generated with 750 μM H2O2 caused two times greater damages in mtDNA compared to nDNA, which included the nonexpressed β-globin region (1.507±0.110 lesions/10 kb) and the expressed APEX1 gene (1.623±0.243 lesions/10 kb) with respect to the control region. When cells were preincubated with OOPE for 4 h, nDNA damage under stress condition was completely inhibited; however, mtDNA damage was not affected by this procedure. These results suggest that OOPE has a protective effect against nDNA damage in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Erol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart, Terzioglu Campus, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey.
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37
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Tunca B, Tezcan G, Cecener G, Egeli U, Ak S, Malyer H, Tumen G, Bilir A. Olea europaea leaf extract alters microRNA expression in human glioblastoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1831-44. [PMID: 22722712 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most lethal form of primary malignant tumors in the central nervous system. There is an increasing need for the development of more efficient therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these patients. One of the most attractive cancer therapy methods to date is the induction of tumor cell death by certain phytochemicals. Interestingly, bioactive compounds have been shown to alter micro RNA (miRNA) expression involved in several biological processes at the posttranscriptional level. The present study aimed to evaluate whether Olea europaea leaf extract (OLE) has an anticancer effect and modulates miRNA expression in GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the anti-proliferative activity of OLE and the nature of the interaction with temozolomide (TMZ) of OLE were tested in human glioblastoma cell line T98G cells by trypan blue and WST-1 assays and than realized miRNA PCR array analysis. Potential mRNA targets were analyzed bioinformatically. RESULTS OLE exhibited anti-proliferative effects on T98G cell lines. Cells were treated with temozolomide (TMZ) in the presence OLE, and changes to miRNA expression levels were identified by PCR array analysis. miRNA target genes are involved in cell cycle and apoptotic pathways. Specifically, miR-181b, miR-153, miR-145, miR-137, and let-7d were significantly upregulated after treatment with both TMZ and OLE. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OLE modulates the expression of some miRNAs related to anticancer activity in GBM and the response to TMZ. Further studies and validations are needed, but we suggest that OLE might be used for in vivo studies and future medical drug studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tunca
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
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38
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Abstract
MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) are planned foruse in regenerative medicine to offset age-dependent alterations. However, MSCs are affected by replicative senescence associated with decreasing proliferation potential, telomere shortening and DNA damage during in vitro propagation. To monitor in vitro senescence, we have assessed the integrity of DNA by the alkaline comet assay. For optimization of the comet assay we have enhanced the stability of comet slides in liquid and minimized the background noise of the method by improving adhesion of agarose gels on the comet slides and concentrating cells on a defined small area on the slides. The modifications of the slide preparation increase the overall efficiency and reproducibility of the comet assay and minimize the image capture and storage. DNA damage of human MSCs during in vitro cultivation increased with time, as assessed by the comet assay, which therefore offers a fast and easy screening tool in future efforts to minimize replicative senescence of MSCs in vitro.
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39
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A quantum chemical study on the free radical scavenging activity of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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41
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Protective effects of olive oil phenolics and gallic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:955-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Piersanti G, Retini M, Espartero JL, Madrona A, Zappia G. An efficient, economical synthesis of hydroxytyrosol and its protected forms via Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Ilavarasi K, Kiruthiga PV, Pandian SK, Devi KP. Hydroxytyrosol, the phenolic compound of olive oil protects human PBMC against oxidative stress and DNA damage mediated by 2,3,7,8-TCDD. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:888-893. [PMID: 21741071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 10(6)cellsmL(-1)) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO(2) incubator (5% CO(2)) for 12h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD+HT (10 nM+100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvan Ilavarasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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44
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Liu Z, Sun L, Zhu L, Jia X, Li X, Jia H, Wang Y, Weber P, Long J, Liu J. Hydroxytyrosol protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Neurochem 2011; 103:2690-700. [PMID: 20938484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HTS) is a natural polyphenol abundant in olive oil. Increasing evidence indicates HTS has beneficial effect on human health for preventing various diseases. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of HTS on acrolein-induced toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, a cellular model of smoking- and age-related macular degeneration. Acrolein, a major component of the gas phase cigarette smoke and also a product of lipid peroxidation in vivo, at 75 μmol/L for 24 h caused significant loss of cell viability, oxidative damage (increase in oxidant generation and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA, decrease in antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, and also inactivation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway), and mitochondrial dysfunction (decrease in membrane potential, activities of mitochondrial complexes, viable mitochondria, oxygen consumption, and factors for mitochondrial biogenesis, and increase in calcium). Pre-treatment with HTS dose dependently and also time dependently protected the ARPE-19 cells from acrolein-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. A short-term pre-treatment with HTS (48 h) required > 75 μmol/L for showing protection while a long-term pre-treatment (7 days) showed protective effect from 5 μmol/L on. The protective effect of HTS in this model was as potent as that of established mitochondria-targeting antioxidant nutrients. These results suggest that HTS is also a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant nutrient and that dietary administration of HTS may be an effective measure in reducing and or preventing cigarette smoke-induced or age-related retinal pigment epithelial degeneration, such as age-associated macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- Institute for Nutritional Science, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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45
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Fares R, Bazzi S, Baydoun SE, Abdel-Massih RM. The antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity of the Lebanese Olea europaea extract. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:58-63. [PMID: 21318304 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that certain phytochemicals possess cancer chemopreventive properties. In this study, the anti-proliferative activity of plant extracts from olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves was tested on human leukemic cell line (Jurkat). Cytotoxicity of various concentrations of plant extracts was examined and the IC(50) was determined. Olive leaf extracts showed concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect as determined by the WST-1 proliferation kit and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation method. To study whether cell death was due to apoptosis, cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI and the expression of important regulatory proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and p53) involved in apoptosis were examined by Western blot. The antioxidant activity of olive leaves (SC(50) = 0.1 mg dry weight) was studied using the DPPH scavenging method. Present findings suggest that olive leaves extracts exhibit anti-proliferative effect on leukemic cells by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Fares
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli, Lebanon
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46
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Possible involvement of oxidative stress in potassium bromate-induced genotoxicity in human HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 189:186-91. [PMID: 21182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (KBrO(3), PB) is a by-product of ozone used as disinfectant in drinking water. And PB is also a widely used food additive. However, there is little known about its adverse effects, in particular those related to its genotoxicity in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of PB and the underlying mechanisms, using human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Exposure of the cells to PB caused a significant increase of DNA migration in single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and micronuclei (MN) frequencies in micronucleus test (MNT) at all tested concentrations (1.56-12.5 mM and 0.12-1 mM), which suggested that PB-mediated DNA strand breaks and chromosome damage. To indicate the role of antioxidant in those effects, DNA migration was monitored by pre-treatment with hydroxytyrosol (HT) as an antioxidant in SCGE assay. It was found that DNA migration with pre-treatment of HT was dramatically decreased. To elucidate the genotoxicity mechanisms, the study monitored the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). PB was shown to induce ROS production (12.5 mM), GSH depletion (1.56-12.5 mM) and 8-OHdG formation (6.25-12.5 mM) in HepG2 cells. Moreover, lysosomal membrane stability and mitochondrial membrane potential were further studied for the mechanisms of PB-induced genotoxicity. A significant increase was found in the range of 6.25-12.5 mM in lysosomal membrane stability assay. However, under these PB concentrations, we were not able to detect the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that PB exerts oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells, possibly through the mechanisms of lysosomal damage, an earlier event preceding the oxidative DNA damage.
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Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Sanchez-Rovira P, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol: from laboratory investigations to future clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:191-206. [PMID: 20416016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean countries have lower rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer than Northern European or other Western countries. This has been attributed, at least in part, to the so-called Mediterranean diet, which is composed of specific local foods, including olive oil. Traditionally, many beneficial properties associated with this oil have been ascribed to its high oleic acid content. Today, it is clear that many of the beneficial effects of ingesting virgin olive oil are due to its minor compounds. This review summarizes the existing knowledge concerning the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of hydroxytyrosol, a minor compound of virgin olive oil, as well as this compound's importance for health. The main findings in terms of its beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease and cancer, including its properties against inflammation and platelet aggregation, are emphasized. New evidence and strategies regarding the use of hydroxytyrosol as a natural drug for the prevention and treatment of diseases with high incidences in Western countries are also presented.
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Fabiani R, Fuccelli R, Pieravanti F, De Bartolomeo A, Morozzi G. Production of hydrogen peroxide is responsible for the induction of apoptosis by hydroxytyrosol on HL60 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:887-96. [PMID: 19536871 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol [3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (3,4-DHPEA)], a phenolic compound found exclusively in olive oil, exerts growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic effects on different cancer cells. Although some molecular mechanisms involved in the pro-apoptotic activity of 3,4-DHPEA have been proposed, the initial stress signals responsible of this phenomenon are not known. Our aim was to assess the involvement of reactive oxygen species as mediators of apoptosis induced by 3,4-DHPEA on HL60 cells. Apoptosis was determined by analyzing the nuclear fragmentation by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The externalization of phosphatidylserine was evidenced using an Annexin V-FITC kit. The concentration of H(2)O(2) in the culture medium was measured by the ferrous ion oxidation-xylenol orange method. The pro-apoptotic effect of 3,4-DHPEA (100 muM) was prevented by N-acetyl-cysteine, ascorbate, and alpha-tocopherol. Catalase suppressed the 3,4-DHPEA-induced apoptosis, while the Fe(II)-chelating reagent o-phenantroline showed no effect, suggesting the involvement of H(2)O(2 )but not of OH(*). Indeed, 3,4-DHPEA caused accumulation of H(2)O(2) in the culture medium. Tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol) and caffeic acid, compounds structurally similar to 3,4-DHPEA but not able to generate H(2)O(2), did not induce an appreciable apoptotic effect. This is the first study demonstrating that apoptosis induction by 3,4-DHPEA is mediated by the extracellular production of H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Epidemiologia Molecolare ed Igiene Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Geng C, Cao J, Zhong L. The role of oxidative stress in deoxynivalenol-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Toxicon 2009; 54:513-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang X, Cao J, Jiang L, Zhong L. Suppressive effects of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress and nuclear Factor-kappaB activation in THP-1 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:578-82. [PMID: 19336887 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether hydroxytyrosol (HT) may ameliorate oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line. We measured the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as a fluorescent probe. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was estimated by fluorometric methods. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured as nitrite (a stable metabolite of NO) concentrations using the Griess reagent system following Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology protocols. To study the effect of HT on LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in THP-1 cells, Western blot analysis of the nuclear fraction of cell lysates was performed. The results showed that treatment of THP-1 cells with HT significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO production and ROS formation in a concentration-dependent manner. HT at 50 and 100 microM concentrations increased the GSH level. The specific DNA-binding activities of NF-kappaB on nuclear extracts from 50 and 100 microM HT treatments were significantly suppressed. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also showed the same effects as HT on LPS-induced ROS and NO generation, change of GSH level, and NF-kappaB activation. These findings suggest that HT has antioxidant activity to suppress intracellular oxidative stress and NF-kappaB activation in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dalian University, China
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