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Ramos Junior OJF, Tavares IRG, Lima RC, Conte-Junior CA, Alvares TS. Jaboticaba berry ( Myrciaria jaboticaba) supplementation protects against micro- and macrovascular dysfunction induced by eccentric exercise: a randomized clinical trial. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38888158 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01907e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Physical activities that are unaccustomed and involve eccentric muscle contractions have been demonstrated to temporarily impair macrovascular and microvascular functions, which may be caused by exercise-induced oxidative stress. Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a famous Brazilian berry that has been described to exhibit high antioxidant activity. However, no human study has investigated the protective effects of jaboticaba consumption against the vascular damage induced by eccentric exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess whether supplementation with jaboticaba berry juice could positively affect macro- and microvascular functions within 48 hours after eccentric exercise. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial enrolled 24 healthy participants consuming 250 mL per day of jaboticaba berry juice (containing ∼1,300 mg of total polyphenols) or placebo for 6 days. At the baseline, pre-exercise, and 24 h and 48 h postexercise stages, blood samples were taken for analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Also, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood flow, and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) responses to 5-minute cuff occlusion were assessed using Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Our findings revealed significant decreases in blood GSH (P < 0.001, ES = 0.76), FMD (P = 0.005, ES = 0.48), reperfusion slope of StO2 (P = 0.018, ES = 0.42) at 24 h and blood flow (P = 0.012, ES = 0.42) at 48 h following eccentric exercise in the control group as compared to the jaboticaba berry juice group. Our results demonstrated that jaboticaba berry juice prevented the exercise-induced increase in reactive oxygen species production and protected macro- and microvascular functions against the damage caused by eccentric exercise, suggesting that jaboticaba berry consumption could protect the vascular function under conditions of imbalance in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavo João Frederico Ramos Junior
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé city, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Grangeira Tavares
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé city, Brazil.
| | - Rayssa Cruz Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Silveira Alvares
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé city, Brazil.
- Food and Nutrition Institute, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé city, Brazil
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Song J, Ouyang F, Xiong Y, Luo Q, Jiang H, Fan L, Zhang Z. Reassessment of oxidative stress in idiopathic sudden hearing loss and preliminary exploration of the effect of physiological concentration of melatonin on prognosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1249312. [PMID: 37745649 PMCID: PMC10511764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1249312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is still unclear, and there is no targeted treatment. This research aimed to verify the role of oxidative stress in ISSNHL and explore whether melatonin has a protective effect on hearing. Materials and methods A total of 43 patients with ISSNHL and 15 healthy controls were recruited to detect the level of melatonin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the blood and compared before and after treatment. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to assess the factors relevant to the occurrence and improvement of ISSNHL. Results The patients with ISSNHL showed significantly higher ROS levels than controls (4.42 ± 4.40 vs. 2.30 ± 0.59; p = 0.031). The levels of basal melatonin were higher (1400.83 ± 784.89 vs. 1095.97 ± 689.08; p = 0.046) and ROS levels were lower (3.05 ± 1.81 vs. 5.62 ± 5.56; p = 0.042) in the effective group as compared with the ineffective group. Logistic regression analysis showed that melatonin (OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.997-1.000, p = 0.049), ROS (OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.025-2.236, p = 0.037), and vertigo (OR = 3.011, 95% CI 1.339-26.983, p = 0.019) were independent factors associated with hearing improvement. Besides, the level of melatonin (OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.000, p = 0.023) and ROS (OR = 3.248, 95% CI 1.109-9.516, p = 0.032) were associated with the occurrence of ISSNHL. Conclusion Our findings may suggest oxidative stress involvement in ISSNHL etiopathogenesis. The level of melatonin and ROS, and vertigo appear to be predictive of the effectiveness of hearing improvement following ISSNHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Ouyang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongqun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Xie KH, Liu LL, Liang YR, Su CY, Li H, Liu RN, Chen QQ, He JS, Ruan YK, He WK. Red cell distribution width: a novel predictive biomarker for stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Ann Med 2022; 54:1167-1177. [PMID: 35471128 PMCID: PMC9045760 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2059558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Predicting the prognosis of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is difficult for many frontline clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine whether subsequent stroke in TIA patients can be predicted via red blood cell distribution width (RDW). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 360 consecutive patients with new-onset TIA in our stroke centre, were enrolled over the period studied. The patients were divided into three groups: 103 TIA patients, 206 ischaemic stroke (IS) patients and 51 patients with haemorrhagic stroke (HS) within 7 days after TIA. Complete blood count, biochemical parameters and brain imaging were performed on all patients. RESULTS The mean RDW values of patients with IS and HS after TIA were significantly higher than patients with TIA (13.35 ± 1.59 vs 12.84 ± 1.19, 13.32 ± 1.08 vs 12.84 ± 1.19, respectively, all p ≤ .001). In a multivariate model, RDW was independently associated with stroke after TIA (IS: odds ratio (OR) = 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46-3.35, p = .002; HS: OR = 1.511, 95% CI = 1.101-2.074, p = .011). Compared to ABCD2 scores, the diagnostic power of RDW in the differentiation of patients with IS after TIA was better (area under curve (AUC): 0.731 vs 0.613, p = .015). When an RDW cut-off value of 13.95% was accepted for differentiating patients with IS from TIA, the sensitivity and specificity were 73.7% and 74.3%, respectively. However, the AUC for the ability of the RDW to predict HS was 0.653 (95% CI = 0.589-0.716; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The early determination of RDW is a promising, rapid, easy and inexpensive biomarker to predict the subsequent stroke in TIA patients, especially for IS. KEY MESSAGESThe most important result of our study is to show that (1) the higher RDW, the earlier the stroke onset and (2) RDW ≥13.95% has a 2.52-fold risk of ischaemic stroke in TIA patients, and RDW ≥12.85% has a 1.51-fold risk of haemorrhagic stroke.As an economic and accessible hematological marker, baseline RDW may serve as a useful biomarker for risk stratification in TIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yun-Ru Liang
- Reproductive Endocrine Center, Yangjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangjiang, China
| | - Chu-Yin Su
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Run-Ni Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jia-Sheng He
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong-Kun Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wang-Kai He
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
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Xie KH, Chen LC, Liu LL, Su CY, Li H, Liu RN, Chen QQ, He JS, Ruan YK, He WK. Elevated red cell distribution width predicts residual dizziness in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Front Neurol 2022; 13:857133. [PMID: 36119686 PMCID: PMC9477442 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.857133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine whether residual dizziness (RD) after successful repositioning treatment in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients could be predicted by red blood cell distribution width (RDW).Materials and methodsIn this study, a total of 303 BBPV patients hospitalized at the neurology department were investigated. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups after successful repositioning treatment: non-RD group included patients who were completely cured, and RD group included patients with RD. We collected data on all subjects, including general information, blood routine examination, blood biochemical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging tests.ResultsThe mean RDW values of patients in the RD group were significantly higher than that in the non-RD group (13.63 ± 1.8 vs. 12.5 ± 0.8; p < 0.001). In subsequent multivariate analysis, elevated RDW levels were a statistically significant risk factor associated with the occurrence of RD [odds ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–3.64, p < 0.001]. The area under the ROC curve was 0.723 in terms of its predictive ability to distinguish patients with RD. A cut-off point of 12.95% of RDW predicted RD with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 69.5%. Moreover, the AUC for the ability of the RDW to predict recurrence were 0.692 (95% CI = 0.561–0.831; p < 0.014).ConclusionsElevated RDW level was related to increased risk of RD among BPPV patients, requiring further efforts to clarify the actual underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Ke-Hang Xie
| | - Li-Chun Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chu-Yin Su
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Run-Ni Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jia-Sheng He
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong-Kun Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wang-Kai He
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
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Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S. Biology of aging: Oxidative stress and RNA oxidation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5089-5105. [PMID: 35449319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aged people has increased rapidly in recent years and brings profound demographic changes worldwide. The multi-level progression of aging occurs at diverse stages of complexity, from cell to organ systems and eventually to the human as a whole. The cellular and molecular damages are usually regulated by the cells; repair or degrade mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are not entirely functional; their effectiveness decreases with age due to influence from endogenous sources like oxidative stress, which all contribute to the aging process. The hunt for novel strategies to increase the man's longevity since ancient times needs better understandings of the biology of aging, oxidative stress, and their roles in RNA oxidation. The critical goal in developing new strategies to increase the man's longevity is to compile the novel developed knowledge on human aging into a single picture, preferably able to understand the biology of aging and the contributing factors. This review discusses the biology of aging, oxidative stress, and their roles in RNA oxidation, leading to aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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6
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Fulas OA, Laferrière A, Coderre TJ. Novel Co-crystal of Pentoxifylline and Protocatechuic Acid Relieves Allodynia in Rat Models of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and CRPS by Alleviating Local Tissue Hypoxia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3855-3863. [PMID: 34610235 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Local tissue ischemic hypoxia is a peripheral process that can be targeted with topical treatment to alleviate pain under chronic pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and peripheral neuropathic pain. We recently reported three novel salts and a co-crystal composed of vasoactive agents and antioxidant nutraceuticals, all of which produced potent topical anti-allodynic effects in the chronic postischemic pain (CPIP) rat model of CRPS. One of the products, pentx-pca, is a co-crystal synthesized from pentoxifylline (pentx) and protocatechuic acid (pca). Pentx-pca exhibited potent topical anti-allodynic effects in CPIP and rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve exceeding effects produced individually by pentx and pca. We hypothesized that the anti-allodynic effects of pentx-pca in CPIP rats were due to its impact on local tissue oxygenation and subsequent oxygen-dependent mitochondrial respiration. Percutaneous tissue oxygen saturation (SaO2) measurements taken from the hind paw of the CPIP rats revealed that anti-allodynic doses of topical pentx-pca increased local tissue SaO2. Moreover, assessment of the oxygen-dependent mitochondrial function using a triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly declined in the plantar muscle collected from CPIP rats topically treated with anti-allodynic doses of pentx-pca as compared to vehicle-treated CPIP rats. Furthermore, time-dependent resolution of plantar muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, that occurred in the CPIP rats at 6-week post procedure, paralleled the loss of the anti-allodynic response to topical treatment with pentx-pca. Our results indicated that pentx-pca produced potent anti-allodynic effects in the CPIP rat model of CRPS by alleviating peripheral tissue ischemia/hypoxia and downstream hypoxia-driven mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oli Abate Fulas
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - André Laferrière
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence J. Coderre
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Gerardi G, Cavia-Saiz M, Muñiz P. From winery by-product to healthy product: bioavailability, redox signaling and oxidative stress modulation by wine pomace product. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7427-7448. [PMID: 33951976 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wine pomace is the main winery by-products that suppose an economic and environmental problem and their use as a functional ingredient are being increasingly recognized as a good and inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. In this sense, it is known the potential health properties of wine pomace products in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity. Those effects are due to the bioactive compounds of wine pomace and the mechanisms concern especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways. This review mainly summarizes the mechanisms of wine pomace products as modulators of oxidative status involved in cell pathologies as well as their potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, the review provides an overview of the findings related to the wine pomace bioactive compounds profile, their bioavailability and the action mechanisms for maintaining the redox cell balance involved in health benefits. The review suggests an important role for wine pomace product in cardiovascular diseases prevention and their regular food intake may attenuate the development and progression of comorbidities associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gerardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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8
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Rogers SC, Ge X, Brummet M, Lin X, Timm DD, d'Avignon A, Garbow JR, Kao J, Prakash J, Issaian A, Eisenmesser EZ, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Doctor A. Quantifying dynamic range in red blood cell energetics: Evidence of progressive energy failure during storage. Transfusion 2021; 61:1586-1599. [PMID: 33830505 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During storage, red blood cells (RBCs) undergo significant biochemical and morphologic changes, referred to collectively as the "storage lesion". It was hypothesized that these defects may arise from disrupted oxygen-based regulation of RBC energy metabolism, with resultant depowering of intrinsic antioxidant systems. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS As a function of storage duration, the dynamic range in RBC metabolic response to three models of biochemical oxidant stress (methylene blue, hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase, and diamide) was assessed, comparing glycolytic flux by NMR and UHPLC-MS methodologies. Blood was processed/stored under standard conditions (AS-1 additive solution) with leukoreduction. Over a 6-week period, RBC metabolic and antioxidant status were assessed at baseline and following exposure to the three biochemical oxidant models. Comparison was made of glycolytic flux (1 H-NMR tracking of [2-13 C]-glucose and metabolomic phenotyping with [1,2,3-13 C3 ] glucose), reducing equivalent (NADPH/NADP+ ) recycling, and thiol-based (GSH/GSSG) antioxidant status. RESULTS As a function of storage duration, we observed the following: (1) a reduction in baseline hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) flux, the sole pathway responsible for the regeneration of the essential reducing equivalent NADPH; with (2) diminished stress-based dynamic range in both overall glycolytic as well as proportional HMP flux. In addition, progressive with storage duration, RBCs showed (3) constraint in reducing equivalent (NADPH) recycling capacity, (4) loss of thiol based (GSH) recycling capacity, and (5) dysregulation of metabolon assembly at the cytoplasmic domain of Band 3 membrane protein (cdB3). CONCLUSION Blood storage disturbs normal RBC metabolic control, depowering antioxidant capacity and enhancing vulnerability to oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary Brummet
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David D Timm
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andre d'Avignon
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeff Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Issaian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elan Z Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Hahad O, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Accelerated Aging and Age-Related Diseases (CVD and Neurological) Due to Air Pollution and Traffic Noise Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2419. [PMID: 33670865 PMCID: PMC7957813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that only approximately 25% of diversity in longevity is explained by genetic factors, while the other 75% is largely determined by interactions with the physical and social environments. Indeed, aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by a range of environmental, sociodemographic, and biopsychosocial factors, all of which might act in concert to determine the process of aging. The global average life expectancy increased fundamentally over the past century, toward an aging population, correlating with the development and onset of age-related diseases, mainly from cardiovascular and neurological nature. Therefore, the identification of determinants of healthy and unhealthy aging is a major goal to lower the burden and socioeconomic costs of age-related diseases. The role of environmental factors (such as air pollution and noise exposure) as crucial determinants of the aging process are being increasingly recognized. Here, we critically review recent findings concerning the pathomechanisms underlying the aging process and their correlates in cardiovascular and neurological disease, centered on oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the influence of prominent environmental pollutants, namely air pollution and traffic noise exposure, which is suggested to accelerate the aging process. Insight into these types of relationships and appropriate preventive strategies are urgently needed to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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10
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The relationship between thiol-disulfide balance and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 88:948-953. [PMID: 33642215 PMCID: PMC9615538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impaired cochlear perfusion is a major etiological factor in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a risk factor for oxidative damage. Objectives We investigated the role of oxidative stress in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by comparing serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant molecules including thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin and myeloperoxidase in patients who did and did not recover after treatment. Methods The amount of dynamic disulfide was calculated by determining half of the difference between the total thiols and native thiols. After the determination of native, total thiol, and disulfide amounts, the disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, native thiol/total thiol ratio and disulfide/native thiol percent ratio were calculated and then compared between the two groups. Additionally, clinical relationship between audiological recovery and native thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, and disulfide/total thiol percent ratio levels was investigated. Blood samples were also analyzed for the assessment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels. Results A significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to total oxidant status disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, and native thiol/total thiol ratio levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion The results supported the common hypothesis that vascular pathologies are the primary cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and that other etiological factors ultimately result in vascular pathologies. The oxidant-antioxidant and thiol-disulfide balances were impaired in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss group.
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Paulo M, Costa DEFR, Bonaventura D, Lunardi CN, Bendhack LM. Nitric Oxide Donors as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Vascular Diseases Due to Endothelium Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3748-3759. [PMID: 32427079 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200519114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and consequent vasoconstriction are a common condition in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial cells produce and release vasodilator substances that play a pivotal role in normal vascular tone. The mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial. However, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and consequent vasoconstriction instead of endothelium-derived relaxant generation and consequent vasodilatation contribute to this dysfunction considerably. The main targets of the drugs that are currently used to treat vascular diseases concerning enzyme activities and protein functions that are impaired by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and ROS production. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability can decrease due to deficient NO production by eNOS and/or NO release to vascular smooth muscle cells, which impairs endothelial function. Considering the NO cellular mechanisms, tackling the issue of eNOS uncoupling could avoid endothelial dysfunction: provision of the enzyme cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) should elicit NO release from NO donors, to activate soluble guanylyl cyclase. This should increase cyclic guanosine-monophosphate (cGMP) generation and inhibit phosphodiesterases (especially PDE5) that selectively degrade cGMP. Consequently, protein kinase-G should be activated, and K+ channels should be phosphorylated and activated, which is crucial for cell membrane hyperpolarization and vasodilation and/or inhibition of ROS production. The present review summarizes the current concepts about the vascular cellular mechanisms that underlie endothelial dysfunction and which could be the target of drugs for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Paulo
- Department Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto- University of Sao Paulo Av. Do Cafe SN, Brazil
| | - Daniela E F R Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella Bonaventura
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claure N Lunardi
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Nanobiotechnology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto- University of Sao Paulo Av. Do Cafe SN, Brazil
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12
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Daiber A, Chlopicki S. Revisiting pharmacology of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Evidence for redox-based therapies. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:15-37. [PMID: 32131026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study data, non-communicable diseases in general and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular are the leading cause of premature death and reduced quality of life. Demographic shifts, unhealthy lifestyles and a higher burden of adverse environmental factors provide an explanation for these findings. The expected growing prevalence of CVD requires enhanced research efforts for identification and characterisation of novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Cardiovascular risk factors including classical (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia) and non-classical (e.g. environmental stress) factors induce the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is closely associated with oxidant stress and vascular inflammation and results in CVD, particularly in older adults. Most classically successful therapies for CVD display vasoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but were originally designed with other therapeutic aims. So far, only a few 'redox drugs' are in clinical use and many antioxidant strategies have not met expectations. With the present review, we summarise the actual knowledge on CVD pathomechanisms, with special emphasis on endothelial dysfunction, adverse redox signalling and oxidative stress, highlighting the preclinical and clinical evidence. In addition, we provide a brief overview of established CVD therapies and their relation to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Finally, we discuss novel strategies for redox-based CVD therapies trying to explain why, despite a clear link between endothelial dysfunction and adverse redox signalling and oxidative stress, redox- and oxidative stress-based therapies have not yet provided a breakthrough in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; The Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- The Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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13
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Lin X, Han T, Fan Y, Wu S, Wang F, Wang C. Quercetin improves vascular endothelial function through promotion of autophagy in hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2020; 258:118106. [PMID: 32682916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of hypertension. Herein, we assessed the effect of quercetin, a common dietary antioxidant, on endothelial function of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats were administered vehicle (1% w/v methyl cellulose) or quercetin (10 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage once a day for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured with a tail-cuff system. Functional of rat mesenteric arterioles was assessed by the temperature-controlled myograph. A dose-response curve was generated by the cumulative addition of acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). NO production in the culture medium was assessed by measuring the concentration of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, using a modified Griess reagent. KEY FINDINGS Quercetin improved endothelial function and decreased blood pressure in SHRs. Endothelial autophagy, an important cellular homeostatic process, was increased in the early phase of treatment, and decreased in the late phase of treatment. Quercetin promoted autophagy in cultured endothelial cells under both normal and oxidative stress conditions. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy aggravated endothelial dysfunction in quercetin-treated endothelial cells under oxidative stress, and attenuated the antihypertensive and endothelial protective effects of quercetin in SHRs. SIGNIFICANCE Quercetin protects endothelial function in hypertensive rats through promotion of autophagy. Thus, autophagy could serve as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, No. 30, Fengxiang Road, South Street, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuo Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songdi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, No. 30, Fengxiang Road, South Street, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, No. 30, Fengxiang Road, South Street, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Modulation of Endothelial Glycocalyx and Microcirculation in Healthy Young Men during High-Intensity Sprint Interval Cycling-Exercise by Supplementation with Pomegranate Extract. A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124405. [PMID: 32575441 PMCID: PMC7344862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural components of the pomegranate fruit may provide additional benefits for endothelial function and microcirculation. It was hypothesized that supplementation with pomegranate extract might improve glycocalyx properties and microcirculation during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling exercise. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active male volunteers 22-28 years of age were recruited randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was supplemented with pomegranate extract 20 mL (720 mg phenolic compounds) for two weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, the participants completed a high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise protocol. The microcirculation flow and density parameters, glycocalyx markers, systemic hemodynamics, lactate, and glucose concentration were evaluated before and after the initial and repeated (after 2 weeks supplementation) exercise bouts. There were no significant differences in the microcirculation or glycocalyx over the course of the study (p < 0.05). The lactate concentration was significantly higher in both groups after the initial and repeated exercise bouts, and were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group after the repeated bout: 13.2 (11.9-14.8) vs. 10.3 (9.3-12.7) mmol/L, p = 0.017. Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate extract does not influence changes in the microcirculation and glycocalyx during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise. Although an unexplained rise in blood lactate concentration was observed.
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15
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Bogdanović Pristov J, Opačić M, Bajčetić M, Mandić V, Maglić D, Miković Ž, Spasojević I. Oxidative status of maternal blood in pregnancies burdened by inherited thrombophilias. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234253. [PMID: 32555583 PMCID: PMC7299371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative status of maternal blood represents an important parameter of pregnancy that is involved in both, regulation of physiological processes and (if significantly altered) development of different pregnancy complications. Inherited thrombophilias represent genetic disorders that increase the risk of thromboembolism in pregnancy. Little is known about the impact of thrombophilia on the oxidative status of maternal blood. In this study, we analyzed oxidative status of blood of 56 women with pregnancies burdened by inherited thrombophilias. The status was established at three different trimesters using biochemical assays and electrochemical measurements, and it was compared to 10 age- and trimester-matching controls. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase in the 1st and the 2nd trimester of thrombophilic pregnancy were lower than controls. Also, there was less oxidation in the plasma, according to higher concentration of reduced thiols and lower oxidation-reduction potential. Therefore, it appears that thrombophilic mothers do not experience oxidative stress in the circulation in the first two trimesters. However, the rise in GPx, GR and SOD activities in the 3rd trimester of thrombophilic pregnancy implies that the risk of oxidative stress is increased during the late pregnancy. These results are important for developing antioxidative treatment that could tackle thrombophilia-related pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bogdanović Pristov
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Opačić
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Bajčetić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Mandić
- Department for High-risk Pregnancies, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Maglić
- Department for High-risk Pregnancies, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Miković
- Department for High-risk Pregnancies, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Serum levels of superoxide dismutases in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:224098. [PMID: 32391546 PMCID: PMC7240196 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the possible role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and recurrence events in a 1-year follow-up study. Methods: This was a prospective one-center study. A total of 204 patients with BPPV and 120 age-and sex matched healthy subjects were included. The levels of SOD between patients and control cases were compared. The levels of SOD between posterior semicircular canal (PSC) and horizontal semicircular canal (HSC) were also compared. In the 1-year follow-up, recurrence events were confirmed. The influence of SOD levels on BPPV and recurrent BPPV were performed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The serum levels of SOD in patients with BPPV were lower than in those control cases (P<0.001). Levels of SOD did not differ in patients with PSC and HSC (P=0.42). As a categorical variable, for per interquartile range (IQR) increment of serum level of SOD, the unadjusted and adjusted risks of BPPV would be decreased by 72% (with the odds ratio [OR] of 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.37], P<0.001) and 43% (0.57 [0.42–0.69], P<0.001), respectively. Recurrent attacks of BPPV were reported in 50 patients (24.5%). Patients with recurrent BPPV had lower levels of SOD than in patients without (P<0.001). For per IQR increment of serum level of SOD, the unadjusted and adjusted risks of BPPV would be decreased by 51% (with the OR of 0.49 [95% CI: 0.36–0.68], P<0.001) and 24% (0.76 [0.60–0.83], P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Reduced serum levels of SOD were associated with higher risk of BPPV and BPPV recurrence events.
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17
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Yıldız M, Baki̇ A, Özer ÖF. Serum Renin Levels in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 129:806-812. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489420915221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the serum renin levels of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Material and Methods: Twenty-four patients with ISSNHL and 24 asymptomatic healthy volunteers were included in the study. Subjects underwent pure-tone audiometry and serum renin levels were measured. Results: There were 14 women (mean age:42.35 ± 9.53) and 10 men (mean age:43.8 ± 6.87) in the patient group. There were 14 women (mean age:42.4 ± 4.7) and 10 men (mean age:41.4 ± 4.59) in the control group. ISSNHL was detected on the right side in 13 patients and on the left side in 11 patients. Serum renin levels of the patients and controls were 788.01 ± 327.8 and 282.37 ± 107.73 pg/mL, respectively. The serum renin levels were found to be significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group ( P ≤ .001). There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between serum renin level and the severity of hearing loss ( r = 0.77; P = .001). Conclusion: Serum renin levels of patients with ISSNHL were higher than controls. There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between serum renin level and the severity of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yıldız
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Baki̇
- Uskudar State Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Özer
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Biochemistry Department, İstanbul, Turkey
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18
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Chen C, Huang J, Shen J, Bai Q. Quercetin improves endothelial insulin sensitivity in obese mice by inhibiting Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 616 and mitochondrial fragmentation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1250-1257. [PMID: 31781748 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that endothelial insulin resistance induced by oxidative stress contributes to vascular dysfunction in metabolic disorders. Quercetin, a natural antioxidant, has been recently shown to exert protective effects on endothelial function. However, the effects of quercetin on endothelial insulin resistance and its underlying mechanism are unclear. Here, we found that chronic oral treatment of obese mice with quercetin increased vascular endothelial insulin sensitivity, accompanied by alleviated mitochondrial fragmentation as revealed by confocal imaging. In addition, western blot analysis showed that quercetin treatment suppressed the levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and phosphorylation at serine 616 in endothelial cells of obese mice. Mechanistically, quercetin specifically suppressed Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 616, whereas it showed little effects on the Drp1 level and its phosphorylation at serine 637 in cultured endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Furthermore, our results also showed that quercetin suppressed Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 616 by inhibiting PKCδ as revealed by western blot analysis. Knockdown of PKCδ with siRNA alleviated the protective effects of quercetin on endothelial-mitochondrial dynamics and insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that chronic oral treatment with quercetin exerts endothelial protective effects through inhibition of PKCδ and the resultant mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuirong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201200, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai 201231, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201200, China
| | - Qingke Bai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201200, China
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Reducing Pancreatic Fibrosis Using Antioxidant Therapy Targeting Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway: A Possible Treatment for Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2019; 48:1259-1262. [PMID: 31688588 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive inflammation of the pancreas resulting in the irreversible damage of pancreatic structure and function by means of fibrosis. Chronic pancreatitis is most commonly caused by alcohol consumption, although the direct molecular etiology is unknown. Recent studies suggest oxidative stress as a catalyst for pancreatic stellate cell activation leading to the deposition of collagenous extracellular matrix causing pancreatic fibrosis. We review the effect of oxidative stress on pancreatic fibrogenesis and indicate the molecular pathways involved in preventing oxidant-related cell damage. Likewise, we summarize existing antioxidative therapies for chronic pancreatitis and discuss a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, dimethyl fumarate, and its potential to reduce fibrogenesis by downregulating pancreatic stellate cell activation.
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20
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Kozina N, Mihaljević Z, Lončar MB, Mihalj M, Mišir M, Radmilović MD, Justić H, Gajović S, Šešelja K, Bazina I, Horvatić A, Matić A, Bijelić N, Rođak E, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. Impact of High Salt Diet on Cerebral Vascular Function and Stroke in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N Knockout and WT (C57BL/6N) Control Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205188. [PMID: 31635131 PMCID: PMC6829871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt (HS) dietary intake leads to impaired vascular endothelium-dependent responses to various physiological stimuli, some of which are mediated by arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. Transgenic Tff3−/− gene knockout mice (Tff3−/−/C57BL/6N) have changes in lipid metabolism which may affect vascular function and outcomes of stroke. We aimed to study the effects of one week of HS diet (4% NaCl) on vascular function and stroke induced by transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery in Tff3−/− and wild type (WT/C57BL/6N) mice. Flow-induced dilation (FID) of carotid artery was reduced in WT-HS mice, but not affected in Tff3−/−-HS mice. Nitric oxide (NO) mediated FID. NO production was decreased with HS diet. On the contrary, acetylcholine-induced dilation was significantly decreased in Tff3−/− mice on both diets and WT-HS mice. HS intake and Tff3 gene depletion affected the structural components of the vessels. Proteomic analysis revealed a significant effect of Tff3 gene deficiency on HS diet-induced changes in neuronal structural proteins and acute innate immune response proteins’ expression and Tff3 depletion, but HS diet did not increase the stroke volume, which is related to proteome modification and upregulation of genes involved mainly in cellular antioxidative defense. In conclusion, Tff3 depletion seems to partially impair vascular function and worsen the outcomes of stroke, which is moderately affected by HS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Kozina
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mirela Baus Lončar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine; Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Dept of Dermatology and Venerology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mihael Mišir
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Neurology Clinic, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Marina Dobrivojević Radmilović
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia, Šalata 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Helena Justić
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia, Šalata 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Srećko Gajović
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia, Šalata 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kate Šešelja
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine; Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Iva Bazina
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine; Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Proteomics laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55 HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anita Matić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Bijelić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Histology and Embriology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Edi Rođak
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Histology and Embriology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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21
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Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7092151. [PMID: 31341533 PMCID: PMC6612399 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life, proven by the latest data of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and is only gaining in prevalence worldwide. Clinical trials have identified chronic inflammatory disorders as cardiovascular risks, and recent research has revealed a contribution by various inflammatory cells to vascular oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are closely associated with inflammation, probably due to the close interaction of inflammation with oxidative stress. Classical therapies for inflammatory disorders have demonstrated protective effects in various models of cardiovascular disease; especially established drugs with pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties have proven beneficial cardiovascular effects; normalization of oxidative stress seems to be a common feature of these therapies. The close link between inflammation and redox balance was also supported by reports on aggravated inflammatory phenotype in the absence of antioxidant defense proteins (e.g., superoxide dismutases, heme oxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidases) or overexpression of reactive oxygen species producing enzymes (e.g., NADPH oxidases). The value of immunomodulation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease was recently supported by large-scale clinical trials demonstrating reduced cardiovascular mortality in patients with established atherosclerotic disease when treated by highly specific anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g., using monoclonal antibodies against cytokines). Modern antidiabetic cardiovascular drugs (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 analogs) seem to share these immunomodulatory properties and display potent antioxidant effects, all of which may explain their successful lowering of cardiovascular risk.
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Supraphysiologic parenteral ascorbic acid blunts the inflammatory mediator response to pathogen associated molecular patterns in dogs ex vivo. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:228-232. [PMID: 30928655 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Şahin E, Deveci İ, Dinç ME, Özker BY, Biçer C, Erel Ö. Oxidative Status in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. J Int Adv Otol 2018; 14:299-303. [PMID: 30256204 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most frequent peripheral vestibular disorder and is particularly seen among older patients suffering from vertigo. The brief vertigo attacks in and imbalance symptoms of BPPV are caused by freely floating otoconia within the semicircular canals. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress, using native thiol/disulfide (SH/SS) homeostasis as a novel indicator, in the etiology of BPPV. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 62 participants in the study included 31 patients with BPPV and, as the control group, 31 healthy individuals without any cochleovestibular disorders. RESULTS Patients with BPPV initially had significantly lower native SH levels and significantly lower SH/total thiol (TT) ratios, as well as significantly higher SS/SH and SS/TT ratios, than the healthy controls. After successful treatment of their vertigo, which was confirmed based on the results obtained from the second blood sample, patients with BPPV still had lower SH levels and SH/TT ratios and significantly higher SS/SH and SS/TT ratios than the healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a role of oxidative stress in the development of BPPV, through both calcium metabolism and the direct toxic effects of free oxygen radicals, including the triggering of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethem Şahin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bayındır Hospital İçerenköy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İldem Deveci
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emre Dinç
- Department of Otolaryngology, İstanbul Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Yayla Özker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bayındır Hospital İçerenköy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemile Biçer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Resarch Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Resarch Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Meng X, Gao X, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Wu L, Yang M, Wang K, Ren H, Sun B, Wang T. Protective effect and mechanism of rat recombinant S100 calcium-binding protein A4 on oxidative stress injury of rat vascular endothelial cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3614-3622. [PMID: 30127969 PMCID: PMC6096077 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) on endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury. Endothelial cells were cultured and divided into control and oxidative stress injury groups, with the latter state induced by H2O2. Endothelial cells in every group were incubated with or without 50 or 100 µM S100A4. The cell viability and amounts of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium were measured. The apoptotic index was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses were used to detect the expression levels and the association between S100A4 and P53. H2O2 treatment led to oxidative stress injury in the cultured vascular endothelial cells, a decrease in the cell viability and an increase in the rate of apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells compared with the negative control group. Exogenous S100A4 serves a significant function against oxidative stress injury (P<0.05), increasing the viability and attenuating the apoptotic rate of endothelial cells. Western blotting results suggested that the protein levels of S100A4 and P53 increased subsequent to oxidative stress injury and that exogenous S100A4 increased the expression of P53 in the cytoplasm and decreased the expression of P53 in nucleus. The immunoprecipitation assay results revealed a protein-protein interaction between S100A4 and P53. These results suggested that rat recombinant S100A4 serves an anti-apoptotic function in oxidative stress injury. This effect of S100A4 is mediated, at least in part, via the inhibition of the translocation of P53 to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Meng
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China.,Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Tian Jin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Ren
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Physiology, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Hypertension is either a cause or a consequence of the endothelial dysfunction and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In vitro and in vivo studies established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are decisive for endothelial cell gene expression and function in various pathological conditions associated with CVD. This review provides an overview of the miRNA role in controlling the key connections between endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Recent Findings Herein we summarize the present understanding of mechanisms underlying hypertension and its associated endothelial dysfunction as well as the miRNA role in endothelial cells with accent on the modulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, nitric oxide, oxidative stress and on the control of vascular inflammation and angiogenesis in relation to endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. In particular, latest insights in the identification of endothelial-specific microRNAs and their targets are added to the understanding of miRNA significance in hypertension. Summary This comprehensive knowledge of the role of miRNAs in endothelial dysfunction and hypertension and of molecular mechanisms proposed for miRNA actions may offer novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for controlling hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction and other cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Nemecz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, 8, BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, 8, BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Tanko
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, 8, BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, 8, BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568, Bucharest, Romania.
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Freitas F, Estato V, Reis P, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Carvalho V, Torres R, Lessa MA, Tibirica E. Acute simvastatin treatment restores cerebral functional capillary density and attenuates angiotensin II-induced microcirculatory changes in a model of primary hypertension. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Freitas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Patricia Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Vinícius Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Rafael Torres
- Laboratory of Inflammation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Lessa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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27
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Li L, Kim IK, Chiasson V, Chatterjee P, Gupta S. NF-κB mediated miR-130a modulation in lung microvascular cell remodeling: Implication in pulmonary hypertension. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:235-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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das Graças Coelho de Souza M, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E. Inflammation-induced microvascular dysfunction in obesity – A translational approach. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:645-654. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-168018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Obesidade, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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29
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Hemodynamic coherence in critically ill pediatric patients. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2016; 30:499-510. [PMID: 27931653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Differences in physiology and pathophysiology make the treatment of developing, critically ill children particularly challenging as compared to that of adults. Significant differences in the cardiovascular system of neonates and children in size, weight, body proportions, and metabolism should be considered. Hemodynamic monitoring is crucial for early warning of pending deterioration and to guide therapy. Current monitoring is limited to the macrocirculation, but an adequately functioning macrocirculation does not guarantee a well-functioning microcirculation. Research in children revealed loss of hemodynamic coherence, i.e., microcirculatory alterations despite normal systemic hemodynamics. Implementing the framework of hemodynamic coherence in microcirculatory monitoring in children can aid physicians in titrating therapy on both macrocirculatory and microcirculatory effects to assure optimal oxygen delivery. Monitoring the microcirculation at the bedside requires further technical development. Although more research is necessary to validate the concept of hemodynamic coherence in children, the possibilities of applying this concept in children seem promising.
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Mumby S, Gambaryan N, Meng C, Perros F, Humbert M, Wort SJ, Adcock IM. Bromodomain and extra-terminal protein mimic JQ1 decreases inflammation in human vascular endothelial cells: Implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respirology 2016; 22:157-164. [PMID: 27539364 PMCID: PMC5215513 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB)‐mediated inflammatory gene expression and vascular endothelial cell proliferation/remodelling are implicated in the pathophysiology of the fatal disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) proteins are essential for the expression of a subset of NF‐kB‐induced inflammatory genes. BET mimics including JQ1+ prevent binding of BETs to acetylated histones and down‐regulate the expression of selected genes. Methods The effects of JQ1+ on the proliferation of primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) from healthy subjects were measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry; mRNA and protein levels of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), inhibitors and cytokines were determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR), Western blotting or ELISA. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) activities were determined in nuclear extracts from whole lung of PAH and control patients. Results JQ1+ significantly inhibited IL6 and IL8 (IL6 and CXCL8) mRNA and protein in HPMECs compared with its inactive enantiomer JQ1−. JQ1+ decreased NF‐kB p65 recruitment to native IL6 and IL8 promoters. JQ1+ showed a concentration‐dependent decrease in HPMEC proliferation compared with JQ1−‐treated cells. JQ1+ induced G1 cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression of the CDK inhibitors (CDKN) 1A (p21cip) and CDKN2D (p19INK4D) and decreasing that of CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6. JQ1+ also inhibited serum‐stimulated migration of HPMECs. Finally, HAT activity was significantly increased in the lung of PAH patients. Conclusion Inhibition of BETs in primary HPMECs decreases inflammation and remodelling. BET proteins could be a target for future therapies for PAH. Endothelial cell inflammation and proliferation are important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) mimics reduced inflammation and cell proliferation in primary human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The enhanced histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in PAH suggests that BET mimics may be effective in PAH although experiments in disease cells/tissues are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mumby
- Vascular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chao Meng
- Vascular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frederic Perros
- Faculty of Medicine, South Paris University, Clamart, France.,Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Innovation, INSERM Research Unit 999, Clamart, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculty of Medicine, South Paris University, Clamart, France.,Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Innovation, INSERM Research Unit 999, Clamart, France.,Pulmonary Resuscitation Respiratory and Service, National Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Severe, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Paris, France
| | - S John Wort
- Vascular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Quaranta N, De Ceglie V, D'Elia A. Endothelial Dysfunction in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Review. Audiol Res 2016; 6:151. [PMID: 27588164 PMCID: PMC4988098 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An endothelial dysfunction has been described in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) patients. The purpose of our review was to: i) identify, evaluate and review recent research about cardiovascular risk factors involvement and signs of endothelial dysfunction in ISSHL; ii) implication of these discovering in clinical practice and future research. A Medline literature search was conducted to identify any study on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in ISSHL, published in the English language in the last decade. The following MEDLINE search terms were used: sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) and endothelial dysfunction (text words). Additional studies were identified by hand searching the references of original articles and review articles. Studies were not excluded on the basis of the qualitative or quantitative definitions of SSHL, treatment regimens, or outcome measures. Data were extracted from included papers by a reviewer. Information on the patients, investigations, methods, interventions, and outcomes were systematically analyzed. Characteristics and results of all included studies were reviewed systematically. High levels of adhesion molecules, hyperhomocysteinemia and lower folate levels, unbalanced oxidative status, a lower value of flow-mediated dilatation of brachial artery and a reduced percentage of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients affected by ISSHL support the hypothesis that this syndrome should be considered as a microcirculation disorder based on endothelial dysfunction and drive clinicians to implement all the traditional strategies used for preventing cardiovascular events, to also reduce the likelihood of ISSHL occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Quaranta
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Ceglie
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Elia
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Italy
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Cosic A, Jukic I, Stupin A, Mihalj M, Mihaljevic Z, Novak S, Vukovic R, Drenjancevic I. Attenuated flow-induced dilatation of middle cerebral arteries is related to increased vascular oxidative stress in rats on a short-term high salt diet. J Physiol 2016; 594:4917-31. [PMID: 27061200 DOI: 10.1113/jp272297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Recent studies have shown that high salt (HS) intake leads to endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular reactivity in different vascular beds in both animal and human models, due to increased oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to assess vascular response to flow-induced dilatation (FID) and to elucidate the role of vascular oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of HS-fed rats in vitro. The novelty of this study is in demonstrating impaired flow-induced dilatation of MCAs and down-regulation of vascular antioxidant genes with HS intake, leading to increased levels of oxidative stress in blood vessels and peripheral lymph organs, which together contribute to impaired FID. In addition, results show increased oxidative stress in leukocytes of peripheral lymph organs, suggesting the occurrence of inflammatory processes due to HS intake. Recirculation of leukocytes might additionally increase vascular oxidative stress in vivo. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine flow-induced dilatation (FID) and the role of oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity in isolated, pressurized middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of high salt (HS)-fed rats. Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (11 weeks old) were fed low salt (0.4% NaCl; LS group) or high salt (4% NaCl; HS group) diets for 1 week. Reactivity of MCAs in response to stepwise increases in pressure gradient (Δ10-Δ100 mmHg) was determined in the absence or presence of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic TEMPOL and/or the nitric oxide synthases (NOS) inhibitor N(ω) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). mRNA levels of antioxidative enzymes, NAPDH-oxidase components, inducible (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Blood pressure (BP), antioxidant enzymes activity, oxidative stress in peripheral leukocytes, lipid peroxidation products and the antioxidant capacity of plasma were measured for both groups. FID was reduced in the HS group compared to the LS group. The presence of TEMPOL restored dilatation in the HS group, with no effect in the LS group. Expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and iNOS in the HS group was significantly decreased; oxidative stress was significantly higher in the HS group compared to the LS group. HS intake significantly induced basal reactive oxygen species production in the leukocytes of mesenteric lymph nodes and splenocytes, and intracellular production after stimulation in peripheral lymph nodes. Antioxidant enzyme activity and BP were not affected by HS diet. Low GPx4 expression, increased superoxide production in leukocytes, and decreased iNOS expression are likely to underlie increased oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, leading to impairment of FID in the HS group without changes in BP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cosic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rosemary Vukovic
- Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a novel indicator of oxidative stress in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2016; 130:447-52. [PMID: 27048937 DOI: 10.1017/s002221511600092x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate a novel oxidative stress marker, thiol/disulphide literature homeostasis, in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and to compare the results with healthy controls for the first time. METHODS Thirty-two patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study. Serum native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels were measured, and disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios were determined in all subjects. RESULTS Serum native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss compared with controls (p < 0.05). Of the 32 patients, 25 had lower native thiol levels than controls (333.2 ± 73.9 vs 381.8 ± 35.6 μmol/l, p = 0.002) and 24 had lower total thiol levels (375.1 ± 74.3 vs 426.1 ± 39.3 μmol/l, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The changes in oxidative markers evident in a significant number of patients may be associated with oxidative stress, which may, in turn, have caused sudden sensorineural hearing loss in those patients.
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Sumida K, Hoshino J, Ueno T, Mise K, Hayami N, Suwabe T, Kawada M, Imafuku A, Hiramatsu R, Hasegawa E, Yamanouchi M, Sawa N, Fujii T, Ohashi K, Takaichi K, Ubara Y. Effect of Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate on Renal Outcome in Patients with Biopsy-Proven Benign Nephrosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147690. [PMID: 26809068 PMCID: PMC4726632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria are risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), of which benign nephrosclerosis is a common cause. However, few biopsy-based studies have assessed these associations. Methods We performed retrospective cohort study of 182 Japanese patients who underwent renal biopsy from June 1985 through March 2014 and who were diagnosed with benign nephrosclerosis. Competing risk regression analyses were used to investigate the effect of eGFR and proteinuria levels at the time of renal biopsy on the risk for renal events (ESRD or a 50% decline in eGFR from baseline). Results During a median 5.8-year follow-up, 63 (34.6%) patients experienced renal events. The incidence of renal events increased with lower baseline eGFR and greater baseline proteinuria levels. After adjustment for baseline covariates, lower eGFR levels (subhazard ratios [SHRs], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.67, per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) and higher proteinuria levels (SHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.23–1.87, per 1.0 g/day) at the time of renal biopsy were associated independently with higher risk for renal events. Lower levels of serum albumin (SHR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.20–3.55 per 1.0 g/dL) were also associated with renal events. Patients with both eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and proteinuria ≥0.5 g/day had a 26.7-fold higher risk (95% CI, 3.97–179.4) of renal events than patients with both eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and proteinuria <0.5 g/day. Conclusions Reduced eGFR and increased proteinuria as well as lower serum albumin at the time of renal biopsy are independent risk factors for renal events among patients with biopsy-proven benign nephrosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Junichi Hoshino
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueno
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koki Mise
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Hayami
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suwabe
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Aya Imafuku
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoki Sawa
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenmei Takaichi
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ubara
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa, Japan
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15918-53. [PMID: 26184181 PMCID: PMC4519931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here discuss the importance of different sources of ROS for vascular aging and their contribution to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly population with special emphasis on mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. Also the interaction (crosstalk) of mitochondria with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is highlighted. Current concepts of vascular aging, consequences for the development of cardiovascular events and the particular role of ROS are evaluated on the basis of cell culture experiments, animal studies and clinical trials. Present data point to a more important role of oxidative stress for the maximal healthspan (healthy aging) than for the maximal lifespan.
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Fortis S, Colling KP, Statz CL, Glover JJ, Radosevich DM, Beilman GJ. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infection following Colectomy. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:611-7. [PMID: 26126118 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2014.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased systemic oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which increase host susceptibility to infection. OSA has not been evaluated as a risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI) following colectomy. We hypothesized that OSA increases the risk for SSI after colectomy. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 507 colectomies that took place between August 2011 and September 2013. Forty-two patients carried the diagnosis of OSA prior to surgery. These 42 patients were matched to 68 patients with no OSA for age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), reason for surgery and surgical approach. RESULTS The rate of SSI was 28.6% (12 of 42) in the patients with and 10.3% (7 of 68) in the patients without OSA (p=0.03). Using logistic regression, the predictors of SSI following colectomy were found to be OSA (odds ratio [OR] of 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.29-12.27), and DM (OR of 7.16, 95% CI=2.36-21.96). The average hospital stay after colectomy for patients with OSA complicated with SSI was 16.7 d whereas patients with OSA without SSI stayed 7.4 d (p<0.001). The rate of organ space infections was 9.5% (4 of 42) in the patients with OSA compared with 0 (p=0.02) in patients without OSA. CONCLUSIONS OSA is an independent risk factor for SSI following colectomy. Patients with OSA have substantially greater rates of organ space SSI and longer hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Fortis
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Catherine L Statz
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James J Glover
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David M Radosevich
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Greg J Beilman
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Protective Pleiotropic Effect of Flavonoids on NAD⁺ Levels in Endothelial Cells Exposed to High Glucose. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:894597. [PMID: 26180598 PMCID: PMC4477254 DOI: 10.1155/2015/894597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is important for oxidative metabolism by serving as an electron transporter. Hyperglycemia decreases NAD+ levels by activation of the polyol pathway and by overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP). We examined the protective role of three structurally related flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, and flavone) during high glucose conditions in an in vitro model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally we assessed the ability of these flavonoids to inhibit aldose reductase enzyme activity. We have previously shown that flavonoids can inhibit PARP activation. Extending these studies, we here provide evidence that flavonoids are also able to protect endothelial cells against a high glucose induced decrease in NAD+. In addition, we established that flavonoids are able to inhibit aldose reductase, the key enzyme in the polyol pathway. We conclude that this protective effect of flavonoids on NAD+ levels is a combination of the flavonoids ability to inhibit both PARP activation and aldose reductase enzyme activity. This study shows that flavonoids, by a combination of effects, maintain the redox state of the cell during hyperglycemia. This mode of action enables flavonoids to ameliorate diabetic complications.
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Loukidi B, Merzouk H, Merzouk SA, Malti N, Taouli K, Belarbi B, Narce M. Thrombosis factors and oxidant/antioxidant markers in obese and hypertensive women during pregnancy. Blood Press 2015; 24:242-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1032517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Marzagalli R, Scuderi S, Drago F, Waschek JA, Castorina A. Emerging Role of PACAP as a New Potential Therapeutic Target in Major Diabetes Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:160928. [PMID: 26074958 PMCID: PMC4446501 DOI: 10.1155/2015/160928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enduring diabetes increases the probability of developing secondary damage to numerous systems, and these complications represent a cause of morbidity and mortality. Establishing the causes of diabetes remains the key step to eradicate the disease, but prevention as well as finding therapies to ameliorate some of the major diabetic complications is an equally important step to increase life expectancy and quality for the millions of individuals already affected by the disease or who are likely to develop it before cures become routinely available. In this review, we will firstly summarize some of the major complications of diabetes, including endothelial and pancreatic islets dysfunction, retinopathy, and nephropathy, and then discuss the emerging roles exerted by the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) to counteract these ranges of pathologies that are precipitated by the prolonged hyperglycemic state. Finally, we will describe the main signalling routes activated by the peptide and propose possible future directions to focus on developing more effective peptide-based therapies to treat the major complications associated with longstanding diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Marzagalli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Soraya Scuderi
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - James A. Waschek
- Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- *Alessandro Castorina:
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Majewski W, Krzyminiewski R, Stanisić M, Iskra M, Krasiński Z, Nowak M, Dobosz B. Measurement of free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy during open aorto-iliac arterial reconstruction. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2453-60. [PMID: 25429420 PMCID: PMC4257482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic cross-clamping during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) open repair leads to development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) spin-trapping is a valuable method of direct measurement of free radicals. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of EPR as a direct method of free radical measurement and degree of inflammatory response in open operative treatment of patients with AAA and aorto-iliac occlusive disease (AIOD). MATERIAL/METHODS The study was performed on a group of 32 patients with AAA and 25 patients with AIOD scheduled for open repair. Peripheral venous blood for EPR spectroscopy and for SOD, GPx, ox-LDL, Il-6, TNF-alfa, CRP, and HO-1 were harvested. Selected parameters were established accordingly to specified EPR and immunohistochemical methods and analyzed between groups by Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Free radicals level was correlated with the time of the aortic cross-clamping after the reperfusion of he first and second leg in AAA (r=0.7; r=0.47). ox-LDL in AAA decreased 5 min after reperfusion of the first leg (32.99 U/L, range: 14.09-77.12) and 5 min after reperfusion of the second leg (26.75 U/L, range: 11.56-82.12) and 24 h after the operation (25.85 U/L, range: 14.29-49.70). HO-1 concentration increased to above the level before intervention 24 h after surgery. The activities of GPx and SOD decreased 5 min after the first-leg reperfusion in AAA. Twenty-four hours after surgery, inflammatory markers increased in AAA to CRP was 14.76 ml/l (0.23-38.55), IL-6 was 141.22 pg/ml (84.3-591.03), TNF-alfa was 6.82 pg/ml (1.76-80.01) and AIOD: CRP was 18.44 mg/l (2.56-33.14), IL-6: 184.1 pg/ml (128.46-448.03), TNF-alfa was 7.74 pg/ml (1.74-74.74). CONCLUSIONS EPR spin-trapping demonstrates temporarily elevated level of free radicals in early phase of reperfusion, leading to decrease antioxidants in AAA. Elevated free radical levels decreased 24 h after surgery due to various endogenous antioxidants and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacław Majewski
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Krzyminiewski
- Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Division of Medical Physics, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Stanisić
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Iskra
- Department of General Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Dobosz
- Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Division of Medical Physics, Poznań, Poland
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de Souza MDGC, Conde CMS, Laflôr CM, Sicuro FL, Bouskela E. n-3 PUFA induce microvascular protective changes during ischemia/reperfusion. Lipids 2014; 50:23-37. [PMID: 25344627 PMCID: PMC4282880 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) found in fish oil have several anti-inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm(2)), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm(2)), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm(2)), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm(2)), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm(2)) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm(2), respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha térreo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil,
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Rethinking hypertensive kidney disease: arterionephrosclerosis as a genetic, metabolic, and inflammatory disorder. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014; 22:266-72. [PMID: 23470819 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3283600f8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is the attributed cause of approximately 30% of end-stage kidney disease cases in the United States, but there has been controversy as to whether benign hypertension is a cause of chronic kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS The histology of chronic kidney disease attributed to nonmalignant hypertension is arterionephrosclerosis, with pathology in the terminal branches of the interlobular arteries, together with global glomerulosclerosis. The identification of coding region variants in APOL1, encoding apolipoprotein L1, has opened a new perspective on this debate. These variants are restricted to populations of recent African descent and are strongly associated with clinically diagnosed arterionephrosclerosis, particularly when there is moderate-grade or high-grade proteinuria or progression to more advanced levels of kidney dysfunction. Nevertheless, not all African Americans with hypertension who progress to end-stage kidney disease have two APOL1 risk variants, and individuals of European and Asian descent also manifest arterionephrosclerosis. Further, we do not understand the mechanisms by which APOL1 initiates pathology in the renal microcirculation. SUMMARY APOL1 nephropathy comprises a disease spectrum (perhaps with distinct endophenotypes), including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, collapsing glomerulopathy, and arterionephrosclerosis. The terms hypertensive kidney disease and hypertensive nephrosclerosis have outlived their usefulness. It may be time to use the established, etiologically neutral term, arterionephrosclerosis, to consider whether this is a disease rather than a pathologic description, and to determine the causal role of various clinical correlates including aging, obesity, hyperlipidemia, smoking, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Møller P, Christophersen DV, Jensen DM, Kermanizadeh A, Roursgaard M, Jacobsen NR, Hemmingsen JG, Danielsen PH, Cao Y, Jantzen K, Klingberg H, Hersoug LG, Loft S. Role of oxidative stress in carbon nanotube-generated health effects. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1939-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cao WL, Xiang XH, Chen K, Xu W, Xia SH. Potential role of NADPH oxidase in pathogenesis of pancreatitis. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:169-177. [PMID: 25133019 PMCID: PMC4133516 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to inflammatory disorders. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), originally found in phagocytes, is the main source of ROS in nonphagocytic cells. Besides directly producing the detrimental highly reactive ROS to act on biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), NOX can also activate multiple signal transduction pathways, which regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by producing ROS. Recently, research on pancreatic NOX is no longer limited to inflammatory cells, but extends to the aspect of pancreatic acinar cells and pancreatic stellate cells, which are considered to be potentially associated with pancreatitis. In this review, we summarize the literature on NOX protein structure, activation, function and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.
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Plasma 8-isoprostane levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction in resistant hypertension. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 433:179-83. [PMID: 24657423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired endothelial function and arterial stiffness are associated with hypertension and are important risk factors for cardiovascular events. Reactive oxygen species reduce nitric oxide bioavailability and have a pivotal role in endothelial function. Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is characterized by blood pressure (BP) above goal (140/90mmHg) in spite of the concurrent use of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs of different classes. This study evaluated the association between 8-isoprostane levels, an oxidative stress marker, endothelial function and arterial stiffness, in RHTN. METHODS Ninety-four RHTN and 55 well-controlled hypertensive (HT) patients were included. Plasma 8-isoprostane levels were determined by ELISA. Also, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated to determine endothelial function and arterial stiffness, respectively. RESULTS Levels of 8-isoprostane were markedly higher in RHTN compared to HT patients (22.5±11.2 vs. 17.3±9.8pg/ml, p<0.05, respectively). A significant inverse correlation was observed between FMD and 8-isoprostane (r=-0.35, p=0.001) in RHTN. Finally, multiple logistic regression revealed that 8-isoprostane was a significant predictor of endothelial dysfunction (FMD≤median) in RHTN group. CONCLUSION RHTN showed markedly higher oxidative stress measured by 8-isoprostane, compared to HT patients. Taken together, our findings suggest the involvement of oxidative stress in endothelial function in RHTN.
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Wang HW, Huang TS, Lo HH, Huang PH, Lin CC, Chang SJ, Liao KH, Tsai CH, Chan CH, Tsai CF, Cheng YC, Chiu YL, Tsai TN, Cheng CC, Cheng SM. Deficiency of the microRNA-31-microRNA-720 pathway in the plasma and endothelial progenitor cells from patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:857-69. [PMID: 24558106 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.303001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defects in angiogenesis/vasculogenesis or vessel repair are major complications of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a fundamental role in postnatal vascular repair and CAD. The role of microRNAs in CAD pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers remain to be elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) level in both the plasma and EPCs of patients with CAD is found lower. miR-31 regulates EPC activities by targeting FAT atypical cadherin 4 and thromboxane A2 receptor, which show increased expression in CAD EPCs. Overexpressing miR-31 in CAD EPCs rescued their angiogenic and vasculogenic abilities both in vitro and in vivo. When exploring approaches to restore endogenous miR-31, we found that far-infrared treatment enhanced the expression of not only miR-31, but also miR-720 in CAD EPCs. miR-720, which was also decreased in EPCs and the plasma of patients with CAD, stimulated EPC activity by targeting vasohibin 1. The miR720-vasohibin 1 pair was shown to be downstream of FAT atypical cadherin 4, but not of thromboxane A2 receptor. FAT atypical cadherin 4 inhibited miR-720 expression via repression of the planar cell polarity signaling gene four-jointed box 1 (FJX1), which was required for miR-720 expression through a hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit-dependent mechanism. Restoring miR-720 level strengthened activity of CAD EPCs. The miR-31-miR-720 pathway is shown critical to EPC activation and that downregulation of this pathway contributes to CAD pathogenesis. Circulating levels of miR-31, miR-720, and vasohibin 1 have the potential to allow early diagnosis of CAD and to act as prognosis biomarkers for CAD and other EPC-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Manipulating the expression of the miR-31-miR-720 pathway in malfunction EPCs should help develop novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsei-Wei Wang
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science (H.-W.W., T.-S.H., H.-H.L., K.-H.L., C.-F.T., Y.-C.C., Y.-L.C.), Cancer Research Center & Genome Research Center (H.-W.W.), School of Medicine (P.-H.H., C.-C.L.), and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.-H.H.) and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (C.-C.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-W.W.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsin-Chu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsin Chu, Taiwan (S.-J.C., C.-H.T., C.-H.C.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-N.T., C.-C.C., S.-M.C.)
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Awonuga AO, Belotte J, Abuanzeh S, Fletcher NM, Diamond MP, Saed GM. Advances in the Pathogenesis of Adhesion Development: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:823-836. [PMID: 24520085 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114522550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, there has been increasing recognition that pathogenesis of adhesion development includes significant contributions of hypoxia induced at the site of surgery, the resulting oxidative stress, and the subsequent free radical production. Mitochondrial dysfunction generated by surgically induced tissue hypoxia and inflammation can lead to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase which when optimal have the potential to abrogate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, preventing the cascade of events leading to the development of adhesions in injured peritoneum. There is a significant cross talk between the several processes leading to whether or not adhesions would eventually develop. Several of these processes present avenues for the development of measures that can help in abrogating adhesion formation or reformation after intraabdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoniyi O Awonuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jimmy Belotte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Suleiman Abuanzeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nicole M Fletcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ghassan M Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Physiology, Program for Reproductive Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Karmanos Cancer Institute, Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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The functional role of MnSOD as a biomarker of human diseases and therapeutic potential of a new isoform of a human recombinant MnSOD. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:476789. [PMID: 24511533 PMCID: PMC3913005 DOI: 10.1155/2014/476789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a consequence of metabolic reactions in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This work describes the role of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as a biomarker of different human diseases and proposes a new therapeutic application for the prevention of cancer and its treatment. The paper also describes how a new form of human MnSOD was discovered, its initial application, and its clinical potentials. The MnSOD isolated from a human liposarcoma cell line (LSA) was able to kill cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors, but it did not have cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Together with its oncotoxic activity, the recombinant MnSOD (rMnSOD) exerts a radioprotective effect on normal cells irradiated with X-rays. The rMnSOD is characterized by the presence of a leader peptide, which allows the protein to enter cells: this unique property can be used in the radiodiagnosis of cancer or chemotherapy, conjugating radioactive substances or chemotherapic drugs to the leader peptide of the MnSOD. Compared to traditional chemotherapic agents, the drugs conjugated with the leader peptide of MnSOD can selectively reach and enter cancer cells, thus reducing the side effects of traditional treatments.
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Mendes-Junior LDG, Monteiro MMDO, Carvalho ADS, de Queiroz TM, Braga VDA. Oral supplementation with the rutin improves cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1099-106. [PMID: 24053516 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that oral supplementation with the flavonoid rutin improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in hypertensive (2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C)) rats was tested. Sixty-four rats were divided in 4 groups: sham + saline; sham + rutin; 2K1C + saline, and 2K1C + rutin. Six weeks after 2K1C surgery, the animals were treated with saline or rutin (40 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) by gavage for 7 days. Baroreflex sensitivity test using phenylephrine (8 μg·kg(-1), iv) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg(-1), iv), vascular reactivity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay were performed. Baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive rats was impaired and compared with sham (-2.77 ± 0.15 vs. -1.53 ± 0.27 beats·min(-1)·mm Hg(-1); n = 8; p < 0.05). Oral supplementation with rutin restored baroreflex sensitivity in 2K1C rats (-2.40 ± 0.24 vs. -2.77 ± 0.15 beats·min(-1)·mm Hg(-1); n = 8; p > 0.05). Besides, hypertensive rats have greater contraction to phenylephrine (129.49% ± 4.46% vs. 99.50% ± 11.36%; n = 8; p < 0.05), which was restored by rutin (99.10% ± 1.77% vs. 99.50% ± 11.36%; n = 8; p > 0.05). Furthermore, vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was diminished in hypertensive rats (96.42% ± 2.80% vs. 119.35% ± 5.60%; n = 8; p < 0.05), which was also restored by rutin (117.55% ± 6.94% vs. 119.35% ± 5.60%; n = 8; p > 0.05). Finally, oxidative stress was greater in hypertensive rats (1.54 ± 0.12 vs. 0.53 ± 0.12 nmol MDA·mL(-1); n = 8; p < 0.05) and rutin supplementation significantly decreased oxidative stress in those animals (0.70 ± 0.13 vs. 1.54 ± 0.12 nmol MDA·mL(-1); n = 8; p < 0.05). We concluded that oral supplementation with rutin restores impaired baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in hypertensive rats by decreasing oxidative stress.
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