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Cytoprotective remedies for ameliorating nephrotoxicity induced by renal oxidative stress. Life Sci 2023; 318:121466. [PMID: 36773693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nephrotoxicity is the hallmark of anti-neoplastic drug metabolism that causes oxidative stress. External chemical agents and prescription drugs release copious amounts of free radicals originating from molecular oxidation and unless sustainably scavenged, they stimulate membrane lipid peroxidation and disruption of the host antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of potential cytoprotective remedies in surmounting the most difficult aspect of cancer therapy as well as preventing renal oxidative stress by other means. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over 400 published research and review articles spanning several decades were scrutinised to obtain the relevant data which is presented in 3 categories; sources, mechanisms, and mitigation of renal oxidative stress. KEY-FINDINGS Drug and chemical-induced nephrotoxicity commonly manifests as chronic or acute kidney disease, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. Renal replacement therapy requirements and mortalities from end-stage renal disease are set to rapidly increase in the next decade for which 43 different cytoprotective compounds which have the capability to suppress experimental nephrotoxicity are described. SIGNIFICANCE The renal system performs essential homeostatic functions that play a significant role in eliminating toxicants, and its accumulation and recurrence in nephric tissues results in tubular degeneration and subsequent renal impairment. Global statistics of the latest chronic kidney disease prevalence is 13.4 % while the end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy is 4-7 million per annum. The remedial compounds discussed herein had proven efficacy against nephrotoxicity manifested consequent to impaired antioxidant mechanisms in preclinical models produced by renal oxidative stress activators.
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Minich WB. Selenium Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Selenoproteins in the Human Body. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:S168-S102. [PMID: 35501994 PMCID: PMC8802287 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922140139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As an essential trace element, selenium (Se) plays a tremendous role in the functioning of the human organism being used for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins (proteins containing one or several selenocysteine residues). The functions of human selenoproteins in vivo are extremely diverse. Many selenoproteins have an antioxidant activity and, hence, play a key role in cell antioxidant defense and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which accounts for their involvement in diverse biological processes, such as signal transduction, proliferation, cell transformation and aging, ferroptosis, immune system functioning, etc. One of the critical functions of selenoenzymes is participation in the synthesis of thyroid hormones regulating basal metabolism in all body tissues. Over the last decades, optimization of population Se intake for prevention of diseases related to Se deficiency or excess has been recognized as a pressing issue in modern healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar B Minich
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charite, Medical University, Berlin, D-10115, Germany.
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The Antioxidant Properties of Selenium and Vitamin E; Their Role in Periparturient Dairy Cattle Health Regulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101555. [PMID: 34679690 PMCID: PMC8532922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle experience health risks during the periparturient period. The continuous overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation leads to the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually considered the main contributor to several diseases such as retained placenta, fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis and metritis in periparturient dairy cattle. The oxidative stress is generally balanced by the naturally available antioxidant system in the body of dairy cattle. However, in some special conditions, such as the peripariparturient period, the natural antioxidant system of a body is not able to balance the ROS production. To cope with this situation, the antioxidants are supplied to the dairy cattle from external sources. Natural antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin E have been found to restore normal health by minimizing the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. The deficiencies of Se and vitamin E have been reported to be associated with various diseases in periparturient dairy cattle. Thus in the current review, we highlight the new insights into the Se and vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant agents in the health regulation of periparturient dairy cattle.
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5
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Surai P. Selenium in poultry nutrition 1. Antioxidant properties, deficiency and toxicity. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.F. Surai
- Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 SHW, Scotland,
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6
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Satheeshkumar K, Raju S, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. Reactivity of Selenocystine and Tellurocystine: Structure and Antioxidant Activity of the Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 24:17513-17522. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry; Howard University; 525 College Street NW Washington D.C. 20059 USA
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Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles and effects of selenite, selenate, and selenomethionine on cell growth and morphology in Rahnella aquatilis HX2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6191-6205. [PMID: 29806064 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rahnella aquatilis HX2 (proteobacteria) shows tolerance to selenium (Se). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of selenomethionine (Se-Met), selenite [Se (IV)], and selenate [Se (VI)] to HX2 are 4.0, 85.0, and 590.0 mM, respectively. HX2 shows the ability to reduce Se (IV) and Se (VI) to elemental Se nanoparticles (SeNPs). The maximum production of SeNPs by HX2 strain is 1.99 and 3.85 mM in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth with 5 mM Se (IV) and 10 mM Se (VI), respectively. The morphology of SeNPs and cells were observed by transmission electron microscope, environmental scanning electron microscope, and selected area electric diffraction detector. Spherical SeNPs with amorphous structure were found in the cytoplasm, membrane, and exterior of cells. Morphological variations of the cell membrane were further confirmed by the release of cellular materials absorbed at 260 nm. Flagella were inhibited and cell sizes were 1.8-, 1.6-, and 1.2-fold increases with the Se-Met, Se (VI), and Se (IV) treatments, respectively. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that some of the genes controlling Se metabolism or cell morphology, including cysA, cysP, rodA, ZntA, and ada, were significantly upregulated, while grxA, fliO, flgE, and fliC genes were significantly downregulated in those Se treatments. This study provided novel valuable information concerning the cell morphology along with biological synthesis process of SeNPs in R. aquatilis and demonstrated that the strain HX2 could be applied in both biosynthesis of SeNPs and in management of environmental Se pollution.
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Nowakowska E, Pilarczyk B, Pilarczyk R, Tomza-Marciniak A, Bąkowska M. A comparison of selenium concentrations in selected organs of wild boar (Sus scrofa) from industrialized and non-industrialized regions of Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6079-6084. [PMID: 29363030 PMCID: PMC5823958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare selenium concentration in the liver and kidneys of wild boar inhabiting industrialized and non-industrialized regions of Poland. Selenium concentrations in organs were determined using spectrofluorometric method. In all the animals studied, Se concentrations were a few times lower than in kidneys which may indicate too low content of this element either in the boar's diet or the presence of a poorly absorbable form of Se. No statistically significant differences were noted in the mean Se concentrations in the liver and kidney of wild boar from industrialized and non-industrialized areas. In the case of wild boar, it seems that the level of selenium in their organs is more dependent on geochemical conditions in the specific feeding ground than on the scale of regional industrialization, and that this situation is most likely related to the specificity of wild boar feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Renata Pilarczyk
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bąkowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
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Angeli A, Carta F, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT. Synthesis of novel acyl selenoureido benzensulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase I, II, VII and IX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3567-3573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Angeli A, Tanini D, Viglianisi C, Panzella L, Capperucci A, Menichetti S, Supuran CT. Evaluation of selenide, diselenide and selenoheterocycle derivatives as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV, VII and IX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2518-2523. [PMID: 28302505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of selenides, diselenides and organoselenoheterocycles were evaluated as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors against the human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV, VII and IX, involved in a variety of diseases among which glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, epilepsy, arthritis and tumors etc. These investigated compounds showed inhibitory action against these isoforms and some of them were selective for inhibiting the cytosolic over the membrane-bound isoforms, thus making them interesting leads for the development of isoform-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Damiano Tanini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Chemical Sciences, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Bhowmick D, Mugesh G. Insights into the catalytic mechanism of synthetic glutathione peroxidase mimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:10262-72. [PMID: 26372527 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) is a key selenoenzyme that protects biomolecules from oxidative damage. Extensive research has been carried out to design and synthesize small organoselenium compounds as functional mimics of GPx. While the catalytic mechanism of the native enzyme itself is poorly understood, the synthetic mimics follow different catalytic pathways depending upon the structures and reactivities of various intermediates formed in the catalytic cycle. The steric as well as electronic environments around the selenium atom not only modulate the reactivity of these synthetic mimics towards peroxides and thiols, but also the catalytic mechanisms. The catalytic cycle of small GPx mimics is also dependent on the nature of peroxides and thiols used in the study. In this review, we discuss how the catalytic mechanism varies with the substituents attached to the selenium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Bhowmick
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
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Abstract
The authors were asked by the Editors of ACS Chemical Biology to write an article titled "Why Nature Chose Selenium" for the occasion of the upcoming bicentennial of the discovery of selenium by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817 and styled after the famous work of Frank Westheimer on the biological chemistry of phosphate [Westheimer, F. H. (1987) Why Nature Chose Phosphates, Science 235, 1173-1178]. This work gives a history of the important discoveries of the biological processes that selenium participates in, and a point-by-point comparison of the chemistry of selenium with the atom it replaces in biology, sulfur. This analysis shows that redox chemistry is the largest chemical difference between the two chalcogens. This difference is very large for both one-electron and two-electron redox reactions. Much of this difference is due to the inability of selenium to form π bonds of all types. The outer valence electrons of selenium are also more loosely held than those of sulfur. As a result, selenium is a better nucleophile and will react with reactive oxygen species faster than sulfur, but the resulting lack of π-bond character in the Se-O bond means that the Se-oxide can be much more readily reduced in comparison to S-oxides. The combination of these properties means that replacement of sulfur with selenium in nature results in a selenium-containing biomolecule that resists permanent oxidation. Multiple examples of this gain of function behavior from the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- University of Vermont, Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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A histological study on the possible protective effect of selenium against chromium-induced thyrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000481747.20806.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dharmasena A. Selenium supplementation in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: an update. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:365-75. [PMID: 24790886 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of selenium (Se) has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO, there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose, duration of the treatment, efficacy and safety to date. In this review, the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013. The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealed several possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO. These mechanisms include 1) inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes; 2) profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab) and TPO antibodies (TPO-Ab); 3) prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function; 4) neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation, differentiation and action of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO; 5) inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and 6) inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS. The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease. The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in the subjects who are hyperthyroid. Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se, the patients with Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone. Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se supplementation may confer benefit only if serum Se levels are insufficient. The author recommends that serum Se levels of patients with TAO to be assessed prior to and during Se supplementation at regular intervals to avoid potential iatrogenic chronic Se overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Dharmasena
- Department of Oculoplastics, Lacrimal and Orbital Surgery, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, UK
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Hussain RA, Badshah A, Shah A. Synthesis and biological applications of selenoureas. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Badshah
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
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Liou JC, Badsara SS, Huang YT, Lee CF. Syntheses of selenoesters through C–H selenation of aldehydes with diselenides under metal-free and solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07983c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A DTBP-promoted C–H selenation of aldehydes with diselenides under metal-free and solvent-free conditions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Cyuan Liou
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung, Republic of China
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Combined treatment with Myo-inositol and selenium ensures euthyroidism in subclinical hypothyroidism patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Thyroid Res 2013; 2013:424163. [PMID: 24224112 PMCID: PMC3809375 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is the most common form of thyroiditis affecting more than 10% of females and 2% of males. The present study aims to evaluate the beneficial effect of a combined treatment, Myo-Inositol plus selenomethionine, on subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients were women diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism having Tg antibodies (TgAb) titer higher than 350 IU/mL. Outcome measures were Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and TgAb titer, selenium, and Myo-Inositol plasma concentration. Results. In the present paper, we demonstrated that the beneficial effects obtained by selenomethionine treatment on patients affected by subclinical hypothyroidism, likely due to the presence of autoantibody (TPOAb and TgAb), are further improved by cotreatment with Myo-Inositol. Conclusions. Indeed, due to its action as TSH second messenger, Myo-Inositol treatment reduces TSH levels closer to physiological concentrations.
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Flohé L, Jaeger T, Pilawa S, Sztajer H. Thiol-dependent peroxidases care little about homology-based assignments of function. Redox Rep 2013; 8:256-64. [PMID: 14962360 DOI: 10.1179/135100003225002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiol-dependent peroxidase systems are reviewed with special emphasis on their potential use as drug targets. The basic catalytic mechanism of the two major thiol-peroxidase families, the glutathione peroxidases and the peroxiredoxins, are reasonably well understood. Sequence-based predictions of substrate specificities are still unsatisfactory. GPx-type enzymes are not generally specific for GSH but may specifically react with CXXC motifs as present in thioredoxins or tryparedoxins. Inversely, the peroxiredoxin family that was believed to be specific for CXXC-type proteins, also comprises glutathione peroxidases. Since structure-based predictions of function are also limited by small data bases, the increasing number of sequences emerging from genome projects require enzymatic characterization and genetic proof of relevance before they can be classified as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Taher D, Awwadi FF, Pfaff U, Speck JM, Rüffer T, Lang H. A series of Se-ferrocenyl thiophene carboselenoates – Synthesis, solid-state structure and electrochemistry. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hassanin KMA, Abd El-Kawi SH, Hashem KS. The prospective protective effect of selenium nanoparticles against chromium-induced oxidative and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1713-20. [PMID: 23658489 PMCID: PMC3646488 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology has enabled researchers to synthesize nanosize particles that possess increased surface areas. Compared to conventional microparticles, it has resulted in increased interactions with biological targets. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the protective ability of selenium nanoparticles against hexavalent chromium-induced thyrotoxicity. Design Twenty male rats were used in the study, and arbitrarily assigned to four groups. Group 1 was the control group, and was given phosphate-buffered saline. Group 2 was the chromium-treated group and was given K2Cr2O7 60 μg/kg body weight intraperitoneally as a single dose on the third day of administration. Group 3 was the nano-selenium-treated group and was given selenium nanoparticles (size 3–20 nm) 0.5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for 5 consecutive days. Group 4 was the nano-selenium chromium-treated group, which received selenium nanoparticles for 5 days and a single dose of K2Cr2O7 on the third day of administration. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected from rats for measuring thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine [T3] and free thyroxine [T4]) and oxidative and antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], reduced glutathione [GSH], catalase, and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Upon dissection, thyroid glands were taken for histopathological examination by using paraffin preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for detecting cellular proliferation using Ki67 antibodies. Results The present study shows that K2Cr2O7 has a toxic effect on the thyroid gland as a result of inducing a marked oxidative damage and release of reactive oxygen species. This was shown by the significant decrease in free T3 and T4 and GSH levels, which was accompanied by significant increases in catalase, SOD, and MDA in the chromium-treated group compared to the control group. Se nanoparticles have a protective effect on K2Cr2O7-induced thyroid damage, as a result of correcting the free T3 and T4 levels and GSH, catalase, SOD, and MDA compared to the K2Cr2O7-treated group. Administration of nano-selenium alone in the nano-selenium-treated group had no toxic effect on rats’ thyroid compared to the control group. The biochemical results were confirmed by histopathological, immunohistochemical and pathomorphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel M A Hassanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Pilarczyk B, Jankowiak D, Tomza-Marciniak A, Pilarczyk R, Sablik P, Drozd R, Tylkowska A, Skólmowska M. Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum of cows at different stages of lactation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:91-6. [PMID: 22089971 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the concentration of selenium in Holstein-Friesian cows at different stages of lactation. Selenium was determined spectrofluorimetrically and GSH-Px activity using a Sigma CGP1 Glutathione Peroxidase Cellular Activity Assay kit. Mean serum selenium concentration was highest in early-lactation multiparous cows (0.18 μg/ml) and the lowest in dry cows (0.111 μg/ml). In early lactation, serum selenium concentration was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in multiparous cows than in cows from the other groups. Mean GSH-Px activity in the serum of dry cows was over twice lower than in late-lactation cows (P ≤ 0.01) and over four times lower than in first-calving heifers and multiparous cows in early lactation (P ≤ 0.01). The coefficients of Spearman's rank correlation between GSH-Px activity and selenium concentration in the cows at different stages of lactation were not significant. A significant (P ≤ 0.01) mean positive correlation (0.46) was found between GSH-Px activity and serum selenium concentration for all the cows analysed together. The highest Se concentration and GSH-Px activity found in the serum of cows during the first stage of lactation may suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen species and their derivatives was higher during this period compared to the other stages, thus placing the cows at a greater risk of oxidative stress. It is therefore essential to give particular attention during this period to meeting the cows' requirement for selenium and other feed components that increase, directly or indirectly, the capacity of the body's antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
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Galli F, Battistoni A, Gambari R, Pompella A, Bragonzi A, Pilolli F, Iuliano L, Piroddi M, Dechecchi MC, Cabrini G. Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:690-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Stathopoulou MG, Kanoni S, Papanikolaou G, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T, Dedoussis G. Mineral Intake. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:201-36. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Reddy VP, Kumar AV, Rao KR. Unexpected C−Se Cross-Coupling Reaction: Copper Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetrical Diaryl Selenides via Cascade Reaction of Selenourea with Aryl Halides/Boronic Acids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8720-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102017g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Prakash Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - A. Vijay Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - K. Rama Rao
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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Chennakrishnareddy G, Nagendra G, Hemantha HP, Das U, Guru Row TN, Sureshbabu VV. Isoselenocyanates derived from Boc/Z-amino acids: synthesis, isolation, characterization, and application to the efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical selenoureas and selenoureidopeptidomimetics. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Novoselov SV, Kim HY, Hua D, Lee BC, Astle CM, Harrison DE, Friguet B, Moustafa ME, Carlson BA, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Regulation of selenoproteins and methionine sulfoxide reductases A and B1 by age, calorie restriction, and dietary selenium in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:829-38. [PMID: 19769460 PMCID: PMC2864656 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Methionine residues are susceptible to oxidation, but this damage may be reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductases MsrA and MsrB. Mammals contain one MsrA and three MsrBs, including a selenoprotein MsrB1. Here, we show that MsrB1 is the major methionine sulfoxide reductase in liver of mice and it is among the proteins that are most easily regulated by dietary selenium. MsrB1, but not MsrA activities, were reduced with age, and the selenium regulation of MsrB1 was preserved in the aging liver, suggesting that MsrB1 could account for the impaired methionine sulfoxide reduction in aging animals. We also examined regulation of Msr and selenoprotein expression by a combination of dietary selenium and calorie restriction and found that, under calorie restriction conditions, selenium regulation was preserved. In addition, mice overexpressing a mutant form of selenocysteine tRNA reduced MsrB1 activity to the level observed in selenium deficiency, whereas MsrA activity was elevated in these animals. Finally, we show that selenium regulation in inbred mouse strains is preserved in an outbred aging model. Taken together, these findings better define dietary regulation of methionine sulfoxide reduction and selenoprotein expression in mice with regard to age, calorie restriction, dietary Se, and a combination of these factors.
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Alberto EE, Soares LC, Sudati JH, Borges ACA, Rocha JBT, Braga AL. Efficient Synthesis of Modular Amino Acid Derivatives Containing Selenium with Pronounced GPx-Like Activity. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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A large-bolus injection, but not a continuous infusion of sodium selenite improves outcome in peritonitis. Shock 32: 140-146, 2009. Shock 2009; 32:342; author reply 342-3. [PMID: 19680077 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181b7f786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schomburg L, Schweizer U. Hierarchical regulation of selenoprotein expression and sex-specific effects of selenium. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1453-62. [PMID: 19328222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of selenoproteins is controlled on each one of the textbook steps of protein biosynthesis, i.e., during gene transcription, RNA processing, translation and posttranslational events as well as via control of the stability of the involved intermediates and final products. Selenoproteins are unique in their dependence on the trace element Se which they incorporate as the 21st proteinogenic amino acid, selenocysteine. Higher mammals have developed unique pathways to enable a fine-tuned expression of all their different selenoproteins according to developmental stage, actual needs, and current availability of the trace element. Tightly controlled and dynamic expression patterns of selenoproteins are present in different tissues. Interestingly, these patterns display some differences in male and female individuals, and can be grossly modified during disease, e.g. in cancer, inflammation or neurodegeneration. Likewise, important health issues related to the selenium status show unexpected sexual dimorphisms. Some detailed molecular insights have recently been gained on how the hierarchical Se distribution among the different tissues is achieved, how the selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery discriminates among the individual selenoprotein transcripts and how impaired selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery becomes phenotypically evident in humans. This review tries to summarize these fascinating findings and highlights some interesting and surprising sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Südring 10, CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353-Berlin, Germany.
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Manzanares W, Biestro A, Galusso F, Torre MH, Mañay N, Pittini G, Facchin G, Hardy G. Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase-3 activity: biomarkers of systemic inflammation in the critically ill? Intensive Care Med 2008; 35:882-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arsenic trioxide and auranofin inhibit selenoprotein synthesis: implications for chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:940-8. [PMID: 18587442 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arsenicals have been used medicinally for decades to treat both infectious disease and cancer. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is effective for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), yet the mechanism of action of this drug is still widely debated. Recently, As2O3 was shown to inhibit the activity of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TrxR has been proposed to be required for selenium metabolism. The effect of inhibitors of TrxR on selenium metabolism has yet to be assessed. This study aims to determine whether chemotherapeutics that target selenocysteine within selenoenzymes may also affect the metabolism of selenium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A lung cell line, A549, was used to assess the effect of TrxR inhibitors on selenium metabolism, using 75Se-selenite. The level of mRNA encoding cytosolic TrxR (TrxR1) was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. TrxR activity was determined in whole-cell extracts. KEY RESULTS Exposure of cells to As2O3, arsenite or auranofin led to a concentration-dependent reduction of selenium metabolism into selenoproteins. Knockdown of TrxR1, using small inhibitory RNA, did not affect selenium metabolism. Exposure of cells to monomethylarsonic acid, a potent inhibitor of TrxR, did not alter selenium metabolism but did inhibit enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS As2O3 and auranofin block the metabolism of selenium in A549 cells. Because As2O3 is used to treat APL, our findings may reveal the mechanism of this therapeutic action and lead to further research targeting selenium metabolism to find novel chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of APL.
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Stec WJ, Maciaszek A, Guga P. Selenium-Derivatized Oligonucleotides. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500801898242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J. Stec
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Maciaszek
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Łódź, Poland
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Ayaz M, Dalkilic N, Bariskaner H, Tuncer S, Demirel I. Gender-dependent effects of selenite on the perfused rat heart: a toxicological study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 116:301-10. [PMID: 17709910 DOI: 10.1007/bf02698014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences are related to the manner in which the heart responds to chronic and acute stress conditions of physiological and pathological nature. Depending on dose, sodium selenite acts as an antioxidant proven to have beneficial effects in several pathological conditions G. Drasch, J. Schopfer, and G. N. Schrauzer, Selenium/cadmium ratios in human prostates: indicators of prostate cancer risk of smokers and nonsmokers, and relevance to the cancer protective effects of selenium, Biol. Trace Element Res. 103(2), 103-107 (2005); R. G. Kasseroller and G. N. Schrauzer, Treatment of secondary lymphedema of the arm with physical decongestive therapy and sodium selenite: a review, Am. J. Ther. 7(4), 273-279 (2000); G. N. Schrauzer, Anticarcinogenic effects of selenium, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57(13-14), 1864-1873 (2000); I. S. Palmer and O. E. Olson, Relative toxicities of selenite and selenate in the drinking water of rats, J. Nutr. 104(3), 306-314 (1974). To date, little is known about the gender-dependent direct effects of toxic doses of selenite on electrophysiology of the cardiovascular system H. A. Schroeder and M. Mitchener, Selenium and tellurium in rats: effect on growth, survival and tumors, J. Nutr. 101(11), 1531-1540 (1971); G. N. Schrauzer, The nutritional significance, metabolism and toxicology of selenomethionine, Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 47, 73-112 (2003). In the present study, the effects of in vitro toxic concentrations of sodium selenite ranging from 10-6 M to 10-3 M were tested on both male and female rat heart preparations. The toxic effects seen in an electrocardiogram and left ventricular pressure were dose and sex dependent at most of the tested concentrations. The present study clearly shows that at toxic doses, stress conditions are induced by selenite, resulting in genderdependent modifications of the heart function. This modification is more pronounced in the contraction cascade of female rats. Males, on the other hand, had been much more affected in excitation-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ayaz
- Department of Biophysics, Meram Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, 42080 Konya, Turkey
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Cléry A, Bourguignon-Igel V, Allmang C, Krol A, Branlant C. An improved definition of the RNA-binding specificity of SECIS-binding protein 2, an essential component of the selenocysteine incorporation machinery. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:1868-84. [PMID: 17332014 PMCID: PMC1874613 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By binding to SECIS elements located in the 3′-UTR of selenoprotein mRNAs, the protein SBP2 plays a key role in the assembly of the selenocysteine incorporation machinery. SBP2 contains an L7Ae/L30 RNA-binding domain similar to that of protein 15.5K/Snu13p, which binds K-turn motifs with a 3-nt bulge loop closed by a tandem of G.A and A.G pairs. Here, by SELEX experiments, we demonstrate the capacity of SBP2 to bind such K-turn motifs with a protruding U residue. However, we show that conversion of the bulge loop into an internal loop reinforces SBP2 affinity and to a greater extent RNP stability. Opposite variations were found for Snu13p. Accordingly, footprinting assays revealed strong contacts of SBP2 with helices I and II and the 5′-strand of the internal loop, as opposed to the loose interaction of Snu13p. Our data also identifies new determinants for SBP2 binding which are located in helix II. Among the L7Ae/L30 family members, these determinants are unique to SBP2. Finally, in accordance with functional data on SECIS elements, the identity of residues at positions 2 and 3 in the loop influences SBP2 affinity. Altogether, the data provide a very precise definition of the SBP2 RNA specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cléry
- Laboratoire de Maturation des ARN et Enzymologie Moléculaire – UMR 7567 CNRS-UHP, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques – BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France and Architecture et Réactivité de l'arN – CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - V. Bourguignon-Igel
- Laboratoire de Maturation des ARN et Enzymologie Moléculaire – UMR 7567 CNRS-UHP, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques – BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France and Architecture et Réactivité de l'arN – CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - C. Allmang
- Laboratoire de Maturation des ARN et Enzymologie Moléculaire – UMR 7567 CNRS-UHP, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques – BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France and Architecture et Réactivité de l'arN – CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - A. Krol
- Laboratoire de Maturation des ARN et Enzymologie Moléculaire – UMR 7567 CNRS-UHP, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques – BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France and Architecture et Réactivité de l'arN – CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - C. Branlant
- Laboratoire de Maturation des ARN et Enzymologie Moléculaire – UMR 7567 CNRS-UHP, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques – BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France and Architecture et Réactivité de l'arN – CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- *To whom the correspondence should be addressed. 33 38368430333 383684307
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Foster CB, Aswath K, Chanock SJ, McKay HF, Peters U. Polymorphism analysis of six selenoprotein genes: support for a selective sweep at the glutathione peroxidase 1 locus (3p21) in Asian populations. BMC Genet 2006; 7:56. [PMID: 17156480 PMCID: PMC1769511 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-7-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are at least 25 human selenoproteins, each characterized by the incorporation of selenium into the primary sequence as the amino acid selenocysteine. Since many selenoproteins have antioxidant properties, it is plausible that inter-individual differences in selenoprotein expression or activity could influence risk for a range of complex diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases as well as deleterious responses to oxidative stressors like cigarette smoke. To capture the common genetic variants for 6 important selenoprotein genes (GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, TXNRD1, and SEPP1) known to contribute to antioxidant host defenses, a re-sequence analysis was conducted across these genes with particular interest directed at the coding regions, intron-exon borders and flanking untranslated regions (UTR) for each gene in an 102 individual population representative of 4 major ethnic groups found within the United States. Results For 5 of the genes there was no strong evidence for selection according to the expectations of the neutral equilibrium model of evolution; however, at the GPX1 locus (3p21) there was evidence for positive selection. Strong confirmatory evidence for recent positive selection at the genomic region 3p21 in Asian populations is provided by data from the International HapMap project. Conclusion The SNPs and fine haplotype maps described in this report will be valuable resources for future functional studies, for population specific genetic studies designed to comprehensively explore the role of selenoprotein genetic variants in the etiology of various human diseases, and to define the forces responsible for a recent selective sweep in the vicinity of the GPX1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Foster
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Desk A120, The Children's Hospital, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Park 256, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kshama Aswath
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Park 256, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Section of Genomic Variation, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Heather F McKay
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Park 256, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Gröbe T, Reuter M, Gursinsky T, Söhling B, Andreesen JR. Peroxidase activity of selenoprotein GrdB of glycine reductase and stabilisation of its integrity by components of proprotein GrdE from Eubacterium acidaminophilum. Arch Microbiol 2006; 187:29-43. [PMID: 17009022 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The anaerobe Eubacterium acidaminophilum has been shown to contain an uncharacterized peroxidase, which may serve to protect the sensitive selenoproteins in that organism. We purified this peroxidase and found that it was identical with the substrate-specific "protein B"-complex of glycine reductase. The "protein B"-complex consists of the selenocysteine-containing GrdB subunit and two subunits, which derive from the GrdE proprotein. The specific peroxidase activity was 1.7 U (mg protein)(-1) with DTT and cumene hydroperoxide as substrates. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that GrdB was important for DTT- and NADH-dependent peroxidase activities in crude extracts, whereas the selenoperoxiredoxin PrxU could be depleted without affecting these peroxidase activities. GrdB could be heterologously produced in Escherichia coli with coexpression of selB and selC from E. acidaminophilum for selenocysteine insertion. Although GrdB was sensitive to proteolysis, some full-size protein was present which accounted for a peroxidase activity of about 0.5 U (mg protein)(-1) in these extracts. Mutation of the potentially redox-active UxxCxxC motif in GrdB resulted in still significant, but decreased activity. Heterologous GrdB was protected from degradation by full-length GrdE or by GrdE-domains. The GrdB-GrdE interaction was confirmed by copurification of GrdE with Strep-tagged GrdB. The data suggest that GrdE domains serve to stabilise GrdB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gröbe
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, FU Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sarma BK, Mugesh G. Biomimetic Studies on Selenoenzymes: Modeling the Role of Proximal Histidines in Thioredoxin Reductases. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:5307-14. [PMID: 16813393 DOI: 10.1021/ic052033r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The roles of built-in thiol cofactors and the basic histidine (His) residues in the active site of mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are described with the help of experimental and density functional theory calculations on small-molecule model compounds. The reduction of selenenyl sulfides by thiols in selenoenzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and TrxR is crucial for the regeneration of the active site. Experimental as well as theoretical studies were carried out with model selenenyl sulfides to probe their reactivity toward incoming thiols. We have shown that the nucleophilic attack of thiols takes place at the selenium center in the selenenyl sulfides. These thiol exchange reactions would hamper the regeneration of the active species selenol. Therefore, the basic His residues are expected to play crucial roles in the selenenyl sulfide state of TrxR. Our model study with internal amino groups in the selenenyl sulfide state reveals that the basic His residues may play important roles by deprotonating the thiol moiety in the selenenic acid state and by interacting with the sulfur atom in the selenenyl sulfide state to facilitate the nucleophilic attack of thiol at sulfur rather than at selenium, thereby generating the catalytically active species selenol. This model study also suggests that the enzyme may use the internal cysteines as cofactors to overcome the thiol exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kanta Sarma
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Rederstorff M, Krol A, Lescure A. Understanding the importance of selenium and selenoproteins in muscle function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63:52-9. [PMID: 16314926 PMCID: PMC2792354 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element. In cattle, selenium deficiency causes dysfunction of various organs, including skeletal and cardiac muscles. In humans as well, lack of selenium is associated with many disorders, but despite accumulation of clinical reports, muscle diseases are not generally considered on the list. The goal of this review is to establish the connection between clinical observations and the most recent advances obtained in selenium biology. Recent results about a possible role of selenium-containing proteins in muscle formation and repair have been collected. Selenoprotein N is the first selenoprotein linked to genetic disorders consisting of different forms of congenital muscular dystrophies. Understanding the muscle disorders associated with selenium deficiency or selenoprotein N dysfunction is an essential step in defining the causes of the disease and obtaining a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in muscle formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rederstorff
- UPR 9002 du CNRS ARN ‘Architecture et Réactivité de l’ar’, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - A. Krol
- UPR 9002 du CNRS ARN ‘Architecture et Réactivité de l’ar’, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - A. Lescure
- UPR 9002 du CNRS ARN ‘Architecture et Réactivité de l’ar’, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Lobanov AV, Delgado C, Rahlfs S, Novoselov SV, Kryukov GV, Gromer S, Hatfield DL, Becker K, Gladyshev VN. The Plasmodium selenoproteome. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:496-505. [PMID: 16428245 PMCID: PMC1342035 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkj450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of selenocysteine (Sec) as the 21st amino acid in the genetic code has been described in all three major domains of life. However, within eukaryotes, selenoproteins are only known in animals and algae. In this study, we characterized selenoproteomes and Sec insertion systems in protozoan Apicomplexa parasites. We found that among these organisms, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma utilized Sec, whereas Cryptosporidium did not. However, Plasmodium had no homologs of known selenoproteins. By searching computationally for evolutionarily conserved selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements, which are RNA structures involved in Sec insertion, we identified four unique Plasmodium falciparum selenoprotein genes. These selenoproteins were incorrectly annotated in PlasmoDB, were conserved in other Plasmodia and had no detectable homologs in other species. We provide evidence that two Plasmodium SECIS elements supported Sec insertion into parasite and endogenous selenoproteins when they were expressed in mammalian cells, demonstrating that the Plasmodium SECIS elements are functional and indicating conservation of Sec insertion between Apicomplexa and animals. Dependence of the plasmodial parasites on selenium suggests possible strategies for antimalarial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Lobanov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of NebraskaLincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Cesar Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry, University of NebraskaLincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of NebraskaLincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Interdisziplinäres Forschungszentrum, Justus-Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Gregory V. Kryukov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of NebraskaLincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Stephan Gromer
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katja Becker
- Interdisziplinäres Forschungszentrum, Justus-Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of NebraskaLincoln, NE 68588, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 402 472 4948; Fax: +1 402 472 7842;
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Ahn HJ, Koketsu M, Yang EM, Kim YM, Ishihara H, Yang HO. 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-selenazol-4-one induces apoptosis by different mechanisms in SKOV3 and HL 60 cells. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:807-15. [PMID: 16676363 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the ability of the synthetic selenium compound, 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-selenazol-4-one (hereafter designated 3a), to induce apoptosis in a human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3) and a human leukemia cell line (HL-60). Flow cytometry showed that 3a treatment induced apoptosis in both cell lines to degrees comparable to that of the positive control, paclitaxel. Apoptosis was measured by PS externalization, DNA fragmentation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). However, analysis of the mechanism of action revealed differences between the responses of the two cell lines. Treatment with 3a arrested the cell cycle and induced caspase-3 activation in HL-60 cells, but not in SKOV3 cells. In contrast, 3a treatment induced apoptosis through translocation of AIF, a novel pro-apoptotic protein, in SKOV3 cells, but not in HL-60 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that 3a induced apoptosis in both cell lines, but via different action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jun Ahn
- Natural Products Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Daejeon-dong, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 210-340, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Recent identification of new selenocysteine-containing proteins has revealed relationships between the two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine and the hormone network. Several selenoproteins participate in the protection of thyrocytes from damage by H(2)O(2) produced for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Iodothyronine deiodinases are selenoproteins contributing to systemic or local thyroid hormone homeostasis. The Se content in endocrine tissues (thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, testes, ovary) is higher than in many other organs. Nutritional Se depletion results in retention, whereas Se repletion is followed by a rapid accumulation of Se in endocrine tissues, reproductive organs, and the brain. Selenoproteins such as thioredoxin reductases constitute the link between the Se metabolism and the regulation of transcription by redox sensitive ligand-modulated nuclear hormone receptors. Hormones and growth factors regulate the expression of selenoproteins and, conversely, Se supply modulates hormone actions. Selenoproteins are involved in bone metabolism as well as functions of the endocrine pancreas and adrenal glands. Furthermore, spermatogenesis depends on adequate Se supply, whereas Se excess may impair ovarian function. Comparative analysis of the genomes of several life forms reveals that higher mammals contain a limited number of identical genes encoding newly detected selenocysteine-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany.
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Bryszewska MA, Ambroziak W, Rudzinski J, Lewis DJ. Characterisation of selenium compounds in rye seedling biomass using 75Se-labelling/SDS-PAGE separation/γ-scintillation counting, and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis of a range of enzymatic digests. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1279-87. [PMID: 15977033 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, selenium-enriched plant biomass was investigated to evaluate the ability of rye seedlings to take up, and assimilate, inorganic selenium. Two different analytical approaches were used. Electrophoretic separation (SDS-PAGE) of proteins extracted from 75Se-labelled biomass was used to investigate the biotransformation of selenite into organic forms of the element. Ion-pair chromatography coupled with ICP-MS detection was chosen for the analysis of selenium species, enzymatically extracted from the plant biomass. The results of three enzymatic hydrolysis procedures and three sequential enzymatic extractions procedures are compared. The most effective single extraction was proteolysis (using protease type XIV), giving an overall extraction efficiency of 48%. However, for combinations of enzymes, the most effective was cellulase (Trichoderma viride) followed by sequential extraction of the solid pellet using protease type XIV, giving an extraction efficiency of 70%. The complementary data from the electrophoretic fractionation of proteins, and the HPLC separation of Se-species in the proteolytic digests, reveal the existence of large number of selenium-containing compounds in the rye seedling plant biomass. The results showed the complete biotransformation of inorganic selenium into organic forms during germination of the rye seedlings. HPLC-ICP-MS analysis of extracts from the plant biomass did not show the presence of selenate or selenite. At the time of this study, the lack of suitable organic-MS facilities meant that it was not possible to characterise them fully. However, the data does show that a combination of different enzymes, rather than just the commonly-used protease, should be considered when developing an extraction strategy for selenium in different food types to those already reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Bryszewska
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
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Torrealba JR, Colburn M, Golner S, Chang Z, Scheunemann T, Fechner JH, Roenneburg D, Hu H, Alam T, Kim HT, Kanmaz T, Oberley T, Knechtle SJ, Hamawy MM. Selenium-binding protein-1 in smooth muscle cells is downregulated in a rhesus monkey model of chronic allograft nephropathy. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:58-67. [PMID: 15636612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Treating patients with kidney failure by organ transplantation has been extraordinarily successful. Although, current immunosuppressants have improved short-term allograft survival, most transplants are eventually lost due to chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). The molecular mechanisms underlying CAN are poorly understood. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a major role in the pathogenesis of CAN by contributing to the thickening of the intima and narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels. We show that selenium-binding protein-1 (SBP-1), a protein implicated in protein trafficking and secretion, is localized primarily to SMC in vivo. SBP-1 was heavily tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo. Remarkably, SBP-1 was absent or strongly downregulated in vascular SMC in monkey kidney allografts with CAN. In contrast, the SMC alpha-actin was strongly expressed in the vascular SMC of the same allografts, indicating that the decrease in SBP-1 was not due to a global decrease in SMC proteins. Out of four growth factors implicated in the pathogenesis of CAN, only TGF-beta blocked the expression of SBP-1; thus, TGF-beta could regulate the expression of SBP-1 in CAN. These results show that SBP-1 localizes primarily to SMC in vivo and implicate this phosphoprotein in the effects of TGF-beta on SMC and in the process of CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Torrealba
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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Thanbichler M, Böck A. Purification and characterization of hexahistidine-tagged elongation factor SelB. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 31:265-70. [PMID: 14550646 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5928(03)00167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cotranslational incorporation of selenocysteine into proteins is mediated by a specialized elongation factor, named SelB. Its amino-terminal three domains show homology to elongation factor EF-Tu and accordingly bind GTP and selenocysteyl-tRNASec. In addition, SelB exhibits a long carboxy-terminal extension that interacts with a secondary structure of selenoprotein mRNAs (SECIS element) positioned immediately downstream of the in-frame UGA codons specifying the sites of selenocysteine insertion. In this report, a fast and efficient method for the purification of large amounts of hexahistidine-tagged SelB is presented. After two chromatographic steps, 10 mg pure protein was isolated from 12 g wet cell pellet. Biochemical analysis of the purified protein showed that the tag does not influence the interaction of SelB with guanine nucleotides, SECIS elements, and selenocysteyl-tRNASec. In addition, the fusion protein is fully functional in mediating UGA read-through in vivo. It therefore represents an excellent model for studying the function of SelB and the mechanisms of selenocysteine incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thanbichler
- Department of Biology I, University of Munich, Maria-Ward-Str 1a, 80638 Munich, Germany.
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Salinas G, Selkirk ME, Chalar C, Maizels RM, Fernández C. Linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in platyhelminths. Trends Parasitol 2004; 20:340-6. [PMID: 15193566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin and glutathione systems play a central role in thiol-disulfide redox homeostasis in many organisms by providing electrons to essential enzymes, and defence against oxidative stress. These systems have recently been characterized in platyhelminth parasites, and the emerging biochemical scenario is the existence of linked processes with the enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase supplying reducing equivalents to both pathways. In contrast to their hosts, conventional thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase enzymes appear to be absent. Analysis of published data and expressed-sequence tag databases indicates the presence of linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Salinas
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Avda. A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
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Bierl C, Voetsch B, Jin RC, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Determinants of Human Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx-3) Expression. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:26839-45. [PMID: 15096516 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401907200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) is a selenocysteine-containing protein with antioxidant properties. GPx-3 deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke. The regulation of GPx-3 expression remains largely uncharacterized, however, and we studied its transcriptional and translational determinants in a cultured cell system. In transient transfections of a renal cell line (Caki-2), the published sequence cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene produced minimal activity (relative luminescence (RL) = 0.6 +/- 0.4). Rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to identify a novel transcription start site that is located 233 bp downstream (3') of the published site and that produced a >25-fold increase in transcriptional activity (RL = 16.8 +/- 1.9; p < 0.0001). Analysis of the novel GPx-3 promoter identified Sp-1- and hypoxia-inducible factor-1-binding sites, as well as the redox-sensitive metal response element and antioxidant response element. Hypoxia was identified as a strong transcriptional regulator of GPx-3 expression, in part through the presence of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1-binding site, leading to an almost 3-fold increase in expression levels after 24 h compared with normoxic conditions (normalized RL = 3.5 +/- 0.3 versus 1.2 +/- 0.1; p < 0.001). We also investigated the role of the translational cofactors tRNA(Sec), SECIS-binding protein-2, and SelD (selenophosphate synthetase D) in GPx-3 protein expression. tRNA(Sec) and SelD significantly enhanced GPx-3 expression, whereas SECIS-binding protein-2 showed a trend toward increased expression. These results demonstrate the presence of a novel functional transcription start site for the human GPx-3 gene with a promoter regulated by hypoxia, and identify unique translational determinants of GPx-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Bierl
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and the Evans Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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48
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Baraniak J, Kaczmarek R, Wasilewska E, Korczyński D, Stec WJ. New approach to preparation of N-acylphosphoramido(thio)(seleno)ates. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Felix K, Gerstmeier S, Kyriakopoulos A, Howard OMZ, Dong HF, Eckhaus M, Behne D, Bornkamm GW, Janz S. Selenium Deficiency Abrogates Inflammation-Dependent Plasma Cell Tumors in Mice. Cancer Res 2004; 64:2910-7. [PMID: 15087411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of the micronutrient, selenium, in human cancers associated with chronic inflammations and persistent infections is poorly understood. Peritoneal plasmacytomas (PCTs) in strain BALB/c (C), the premier experimental model of inflammation-dependent plasma cell transformation in mice, may afford an opportunity to gain additional insights into the significance of selenium in neoplastic development. Here, we report that selenium-depleted C mice (n = 32) maintained on a torula-based low-selenium diet (5-8 micro g of selenium/kg) were totally refractory to pristane induction of PCT. In contrast, 11 of 26 (42.3%) control mice maintained on a selenium adequate torula diet (300 micro g of selenium/kg) and 15 of 40 (37.5%) control mice fed standard Purina chow (440 micro g of selenium/kg) developed PCT by 275 days postpristane. Abrogation of PCT was caused in part by the striking inhibition of the formation of the inflammatory tissue in which PCT develop (pristane granuloma). This was associated with the reduced responsiveness of selenium-deficient inflammatory cells (monocytes and neutrophils) to chemoattractants, such as thioredoxin and chemokines. Selenium-deficient C mice exhibited little evidence of disturbed redox homeostasis and increased mutant frequency of a transgenic lacZ reporter gene in vivo. These findings implicate selenium, via the selenoproteins, in the promotion of inflammation-induced PCT and suggest that small drug inhibitors of selenoproteins might be useful for preventing human cancers linked with chronic inflammations and persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Felix
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and Veterinary Resources Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that is incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the twenty-first amino acid. Sec is encoded by a UGA codon in the selenoprotein mRNA. The decoding of UGA as Sec requires the reprogramming of translation because UGA is normally read as a stop codon. The translation of selenoprotein mRNAs requires cis-acting sequences in the mRNA and novel trans-acting factors dedicated to Sec incorporation. Selenoprotein synthesis in vivo is highly selenium-dependent, and there is a hierarchy of selenoprotein expression in mammals when selenium is limiting. This review describes emerging themes from studies on the mechanism, kinetics, and efficiency of Sec insertion in prokaryotes. Recent developments that provide mechanistic insight into how the eukaryotic ribosome distinguishes between UGA/Sec and UGA/stop codons are discussed. The efficiency and regulation of mammalian selenoprotein synthesis are considered in the context of current models for Sec insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Driscoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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