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Mirzakhani H, Handy DE, Lu Z, Oppenheimer B, Litonjua AA, Loscalzo J, Weiss ST. Integration of circulating microRNAs and transcriptome signatures identifies early-pregnancy biomarkers of preeclampsia. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1446. [PMID: 37905457 PMCID: PMC10616748 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathobiology of preeclampsia, a common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. In a nested matched case-control cohort within the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we previously identified peripheral blood mRNA signatures related to preeclampsia and vitamin D status (≤30 ng/mL) during gestation from 10 to 18 weeks, using differential expression analysis. METHODS Using quantitative PCR arrays, we conducted profiling of circulating miRNAs at 10-18 weeks of gestation in the same VDAART cohort to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs associated with preeclampsia and vitamin D status. For the validation of the expression of circulating miRNA signatures in the placenta, the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line was used. Targets of circulating miRNA signatures in the preeclampsia mRNA signatures were identified by consensus ranking of miRNA-target prediction scores from four sources. The connected component of target signatures was identified by mapping to the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and hub targets were determined. As experimental validation, we examined the gene and protein expression of IGF1R, one of the key hub genes, as a target of the DE miRNA, miR-182-5p, in response to a miR-182-5p mimic in HTR-8/SVneo cells. RESULTS Pregnant women with preeclampsia had 16 circulating DE miRNAs relative to normal pregnancy controls that were also DE under vitamin D insufficiency (9/16 = 56% upregulated, FDR < .05). Thirteen miRNAs (13/16 = 81.3%) were detected in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Overall, 16 DE miRNAs had 122 targets, of which 87 were unique. Network analysis demonstrated that the 32 targets of DE miRNA signatures created a connected subnetwork in the preeclampsia module with CXCL8, CXCL10, CD274, MMP9 and IGF1R having the highest connectivity and centrality degree. In an in vitro validation experiment, the introduction of an hsa-miR-182-5p mimic resulted in significant reduction of its target IGF1R gene and protein expression within HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS The integration of the circulating DE miRNA and mRNA signatures associated preeclampsia added additional insights into the subclinical molecular signature of preeclampsia. Our systems and network biology approach revealed several biological pathways, including IGF-1, that may play a role in the early pathophysiology of preeclampsia. These pathways and signatures also denote potential biomarkers for the early stages of preeclampsia and suggest possible preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Mirzakhani
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zheng Lu
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ben Oppenheimer
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineDepartment of PediatricsGolisano Children's Hospital at StrongUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) is an important cellular antioxidant enzyme that is found in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of mammalian cells. Like most selenoenzymes, it has a single redox-sensitive selenocysteine amino acid that is important for the enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide and soluble lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione provides the source of reducing equivalents for its function. As an antioxidant enzyme, GPx1 modulates the balance between necessary and harmful levels of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we discuss how selenium availability and modifiers of selenocysteine incorporation alter GPx1 expression to promote disease states. We review the role of GPx1 in cardiovascular and metabolic health, provide examples of how GPx1 modulates stroke and provides neuroprotection, and consider how GPx1 may contribute to cancer risk. Overall, GPx1 is protective against the development and progression of many chronic diseases; however, there are some situations in which increased expression of GPx1 may promote cellular dysfunction and disease owing to its removal of essential reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Paci P, Fiscon G, Conte F, Wang RS, Handy DE, Farina L, Loscalzo J. Comprehensive network medicine-based drug repositioning via integration of therapeutic efficacy and side effects. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35443763 PMCID: PMC9021283 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in modern medicine that led to improvements in cardiovascular outcomes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Thus, there is an urgent need for new approaches to improve CVD drug treatments. As the development time and cost of drug discovery to clinical application are excessive, alternate strategies for drug development are warranted. Among these are included computational approaches based on omics data for drug repositioning, which have attracted increasing attention. In this work, we developed an adjusted similarity measure implemented by the algorithm SAveRUNNER to reposition drugs for cardiovascular diseases while, at the same time, considering the side effects of drug candidates. We analyzed nine cardiovascular disorders and two side effects. We formulated both disease disorders and side effects as network modules in the human interactome, and considered those drug candidates that are proximal to disease modules but far from side-effects modules as ideal. Our method provides a list of drug candidates for cardiovascular diseases that are unlikely to produce common, adverse side-effects. This approach incorporating side effects is applicable to other diseases, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lorenzo Farina
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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4
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Lee LYH, Oldham WM, He H, Wang R, Mulhern R, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Interferon-γ Impairs Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Glucose Metabolism by Tryptophan Catabolism and Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation. Circulation 2021; 144:1612-1628. [PMID: 34636650 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells depend on glycolysis for much of their energy production. Impaired endothelial glycolysis has been associated with various vascular pathobiologies, including impaired angiogenesis and atherogenesis. IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes have been identified as the predominant pathological cell subsets in human atherosclerotic plaques. Although the immunologic consequences of these cells have been extensively evaluated, their IFN-γ-mediated metabolic effects on endothelial cells remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences of the T-lymphocyte cytokine, IFN-γ, on human coronary artery endothelial cells. METHODS The metabolic effects of IFN-γ on primary human coronary artery endothelial cells were assessed by unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses combined with real-time extracellular flux analyses and molecular mechanistic studies. Cellular phenotypic correlations were made by measuring altered endothelial intracellular cGMP content, wound-healing capacity, and adhesion molecule expression. RESULTS IFN-γ exposure inhibited basal glycolysis of quiescent primary human coronary artery endothelial cells by 20% through the global transcriptional suppression of glycolytic enzymes resulting from decreased basal HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) nuclear availability in normoxia. The decrease in HIF1α activity was a consequence of IFN-γ-induced tryptophan catabolism resulting in ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator)/HIF1β sequestration by the kynurenine-activated AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). In addition, IFN-γ resulted in a 23% depletion of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human coronary artery endothelial cells. This altered glucose metabolism was met with concomitant activation of fatty acid oxidation, which augmented its contribution to intracellular ATP balance by >20%. These metabolic derangements were associated with adverse endothelial phenotypic changes, including decreased basal intracellular cGMP, impaired endothelial migration, and a switch to a proinflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ impairs endothelial glucose metabolism by altered tryptophan catabolism destabilizing HIF1, depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and results in a metabolic shift toward increased fatty acid oxidation. This work suggests a novel mechanistic basis for pathological T lymphocyte-endothelial interactions in atherosclerosis mediated by IFN-γ, linking endothelial glucose, tryptophan, and fatty acid metabolism with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide balance and ATP generation and their adverse endothelial functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Yong-Hwa Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (W.M.O.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Huamei He
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan Mulhern
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Handy DE, Joseph J, Loscalzo J. Selenium, a Micronutrient That Modulates Cardiovascular Health via Redox Enzymology. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093238. [PMID: 34579115 PMCID: PMC8471878 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace nutrient that promotes human health through its incorporation into selenoproteins in the form of the redox-active amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). There are 25 selenoproteins in humans, and many of them play essential roles in the protection against oxidative stress. Selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, play an important role in the reduction of hydrogen and lipid hydroperoxides, and regulate the redox status of Cys in proteins. Emerging evidence suggests a role for endoplasmic reticulum selenoproteins, such as selenoproteins K, S, and T, in mediating redox homeostasis, protein modifications, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Selenoprotein P, which functions as a carrier of Se to tissues, also participates in regulating cellular reactive oxygen species. Cellular reactive oxygen species are essential for regulating cell growth and proliferation, protein folding, and normal mitochondrial function, but their excess causes cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes inflammatory responses. Experimental evidence indicates a role for individual selenoproteins in cardiovascular diseases, primarily by modulating the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. This review examines the roles that selenoproteins play in regulating vascular and cardiac function in health and disease, highlighting their antioxidant and redox actions in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-525-4845
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.J.); (J.L.)
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6
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Joseph J, Giczewska A, Alhanti B, Cheema AK, Handy DE, Mann DL, Loscalzo J, Givertz MM. Associations of methyl donor and methylation inhibitor levels during anti-oxidant therapy in heart failure. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:295-304. [PMID: 33595776 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance and methylation are crucial to homeostasis and are linked by the methionine-homocysteine cycle. We examined whether differences in methylation potential, measured as plasma levels of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), occur at baseline and during anti-oxidant therapy with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We analyzed plasma samples collected at baseline and 24 weeks in the Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients (EXACT-HF) study, which randomized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction to allopurinol or placebo. Associations between plasma levels of SAM, SAH, SAM/SAH ratio, and outcomes, including laboratory markers and clinical events, were assessed. Despite randomization, median SAM levels were significantly lower at baseline in the allopurinol group. SAH levels at 24 weeks, and change in SAM from baseline to week 24, were significantly higher in the group of patients randomized to allopurinol compared to the placebo group. A significant correlation was observed between change in SAH levels and change in plasma uric acid (baseline to 24-week changes) in the allopurinol group. There were no significant associations between levels of SAM, SAH, and SAM/SAH ratio and clinical outcomes. Our results demonstrate significant biological variability in SAM and SAH levels at baseline and during treatment with an anti-oxidant and suggest a potential mechanism for the lack of efficacy observed in trials of anti-oxidant therapy. These data also highlight the need to explore personalized therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Givertz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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An X, Ogawa-Wong A, Carmody C, Ambrosio R, Cicatiello AG, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Handy DE, Larsen PR, Wajner SM, Dentice M, Zavacki AM. A Type 2 Deiodinase-Dependent Increase in Vegfa Mediates Myoblast-Endothelial Cell Crosstalk During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Thyroid 2021; 31:115-127. [PMID: 32787533 PMCID: PMC7840309 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroxine to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), modulating intracellular T3. An increase in DIO2 within muscle stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration leads to T3-dependent potentiation of differentiation. The muscle stem cell niche comprises numerous cell types, which coordinate the regeneration process. For example, muscle stem cells provide secretory signals stimulating endothelial cell-mediated vascular repair, and, in turn, endothelial cells promote muscle stem differentiation. We hypothesized that Dio2 loss in muscle stem cells directly impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell communication, leading to downstream disruption of endothelial cell function. Methods: We assessed the production of proangiogenic factors in differentiated C2C12 cells and in a C2C12 cell line without Dio2 (D2KO C2C12) by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditioned medium (CM) was collected daily in parallel to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration and chemotaxis, and vascular network formation. The effects of T3-treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) mRNA expression in C2C12 cells and mouse muscle were assessed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding to the Vegfa gene. Using mice with a targeted disruption of Dio2 (D2KO mice), we determined endothelial cell number by immunohistochemistry/flow cytometry and evaluated related gene expression in both uninjured and injured skeletal muscle. Results: In differentiated D2KO C2C12 cells, Vegfa expression was 46% of wildtype (WT) C2C12 cells, while secreted VEGF was 45%. D2KO C2C12 CM exhibited significantly less proangiogenic effects on HUVECs. In vitro and in vivo T3 treatment of C2C12 cells and WT mice, and ChIP using antibodies against TRα, indicated that Vegfa is a direct genomic T3 target. In uninjured D2KO soleus muscle, Vegfa expression was decreased by 28% compared with WT mice, while endothelial cell numbers were decreased by 48%. Seven days after skeletal muscle injury, D2KO mice had 36% fewer endothelial cells, coinciding with an 83% decrease in Vegfa expression in fluorescence-activated cell sorting purified muscle stem cells. Conclusion:Dio2 loss in the muscle stem cell impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell crosstalk via changes in the T3-responsive gene Vegfa, leading to downstream impairment of endothelial cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing An
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley Ogawa-Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen Carmody
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P. Reed Larsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery and University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Pang P, Abbott M, Abdi M, Fucci QA, Chauhan N, Mistri M, Proctor B, Chin M, Wang B, Yin W, Lu TS, Halim A, Lim K, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Siedlecki AM. Pre-clinical model of severe glutathione peroxidase-3 deficiency and chronic kidney disease results in coronary artery thrombosis and depressed left ventricular function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:923-934. [PMID: 29244159 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have deficient levels of glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3). We hypothesized that GPx3 deficiency may lead to cardiovascular disease in the presence of chronic kidney disease due to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased microvascular perfusion of the myocardium. Methods. To isolate the exclusive effect of GPx3 deficiency in kidney disease-induced cardiac disease, we studied the GPx3 knockout mouse strain (GPx3-/-) in the setting of surgery-induced CKD. Results. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) microarray screening of non-stimulated GPx3-/- heart tissue show increased expression of genes associated with cardiomyopathy including myh7, plac9, serpine1 and cd74 compared with wild-type (WT) controls. GPx3-/- mice underwent surgically induced renal mass reduction to generate a model of CKD. GPx3-/- + CKD mice underwent echocardiography 4 weeks after injury. Fractional shortening (FS) was decreased to 32.9 ± 5.8% in GPx3-/- + CKD compared to 62.0% ± 10.3 in WT + CKD (P < 0.001). Platelet aggregates were increased in the myocardium of GPx3-/- + CKD. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels were increased in both GPx3-/- + CKD and WT+ CKD. ADMA stimulated spontaneous platelet aggregation more quickly in washed platelets from GPx3-/-. In vitro platelet aggregation was enhanced in samples from GPx3-/- + CKD. Platelet aggregation in GPx3-/- + CKD samples was mitigated after in vivo administration of ebselen, a glutathione peroxidase mimetic. FS improved in GPx3-/- + CKD mice after ebselen treatment. Conclusion These results suggest GPx3 deficiency is a substantive contributing factor to the development of kidney disease-induced cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Molly Abbott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malyun Abdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quynh-Anh Fucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikita Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murti Mistri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Proctor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Chin
- Department of Radiology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Surgery, 5th Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqing Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tzong-Shi Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arvin Halim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Siedlecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Cheng F, Lu W, Liu C, Fang J, Hou Y, Handy DE, Wang R, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Hill DE, Vidal M, Eng C, Loscalzo J. A genome-wide positioning systems network algorithm for in silico drug repurposing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3476. [PMID: 31375661 PMCID: PMC6677722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in DNA/RNA sequencing have made it possible to identify new targets rapidly and to repurpose approved drugs for treating heterogeneous diseases by the 'precise' targeting of individualized disease modules. In this study, we develop a Genome-wide Positioning Systems network (GPSnet) algorithm for drug repurposing by specifically targeting disease modules derived from individual patient's DNA and RNA sequencing profiles mapped to the human protein-protein interactome network. We investigate whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome profiles from ~5,000 patients across 15 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We show that GPSnet-predicted disease modules can predict drug responses and prioritize new indications for 140 approved drugs. Importantly, we experimentally validate that an approved cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure drug, ouabain, shows potential antitumor activities in lung adenocarcinoma by uniquely targeting a HIF1α/LEO1-mediated cell metabolism pathway. In summary, GPSnet offers a network-based, in silico drug repurposing framework for more efficacious therapeutic selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Alibaba Research Center for Complexity Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - David E Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Wang M, Hu J, Yan L, Yang Y, He M, Wu M, Li Q, Gong W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Handy DE, Lu B, Hao C, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu R, Stanton RC, Zhang Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:6296-6310. [PMID: 30785802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801921r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to podocyte injury, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. The mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in podocytes is not fully understood. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical in maintaining NADPH, which is an important cofactor for the antioxidant system. Here, we hypothesized that high glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation of G6PD, which injured podocytes by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We found that G6PD protein expression was decreased in kidneys of both diabetic patients and diabetic rodents. G6PD activity was also reduced in diabetic mice. Overexpressing G6PD reversed redox imbalance and podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose and palmitate. Inhibition of G6PD with small interfering RNA induced podocyte apoptosis. In kidneys of G6PD-deficient mice, podocyte apoptosis was significantly increased. Interestingly, high glucose had no effect on G6PD mRNA expression. Decreased G6PD protein expression was mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. We found that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit, directly bound to G6PD and degraded G6PD through ubiquitylating G6PD on K366 and K403. In summary, our data suggest that high glucose induces ubiquitination of G6PD by VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, which leads to ROS accumulation and podocyte injury.-Wang, M., Hu, J., Yan, L., Yang, Y., He, M., Wu, M., Li, Q., Gong, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Handy, D. E., Lu, B., Hao, C., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Hu, R., Stanton, R. C., Zhang, Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linling Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Cheng F, Desai RJ, Handy DE, Wang R, Schneeweiss S, Barabási AL, Loscalzo J. Network-based approach to prediction and population-based validation of in silico drug repurposing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2691. [PMID: 30002366 PMCID: PMC6043492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we identify hundreds of new drug-disease associations for over 900 FDA-approved drugs by quantifying the network proximity of disease genes and drug targets in the human (protein–protein) interactome. We select four network-predicted associations to test their causal relationship using large healthcare databases with over 220 million patients and state-of-the-art pharmacoepidemiologic analyses. Using propensity score matching, two of four network-based predictions are validated in patient-level data: carbamazepine is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.18], and hydroxychloroquine is associated with a decreased risk of CAD (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59–0.97). In vitro experiments show that hydroxychloroquine attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated activation in human aortic endothelial cells, supporting mechanistically its potential beneficial effect in CAD. In summary, we demonstrate that a unique integration of protein-protein interaction network proximity and large-scale patient-level longitudinal data complemented by mechanistic in vitro studies can facilitate drug repurposing. Repurposing approved drugs could accelerate treatment options for various diseases. Here, the authors use network proximity of disease gene products and drug targets in the human protein interactome to identify drug-disease associations for cardiovascular disease, and validate these using longitudinal healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiong Cheng
- Center for Complex Networks Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rishi J Desai
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Schneeweiss
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Center for Complex Networks Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/reduced NAD+ (NADH) and NADP+/reduced NADP+ (NADPH) redox couples are essential for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and for modulating numerous biological events, including cellular metabolism. Deficiency or imbalance of these two redox couples has been associated with many pathological disorders. Recent Advances: Newly identified biosynthetic enzymes and newly developed genetically encoded biosensors enable us to understand better how cells maintain compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. The concept of redox stress (oxidative and reductive stress) reflected by changes in NAD(H)/NADP(H) has increasingly gained attention. The emerging roles of NAD+-consuming proteins in regulating cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis are active research topics. CRITICAL ISSUES The biosynthesis and distribution of cellular NAD(H) and NADP(H) are highly compartmentalized. It is critical to understand how cells maintain the steady levels of these redox couple pools to ensure their normal functions and simultaneously avoid inducing redox stress. In addition, it is essential to understand how NAD(H)- and NADP(H)-utilizing enzymes interact with other signaling pathways, such as those regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor, to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and energy metabolism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies are needed to investigate the inter-relationships among compartmentalized NAD(H)/NADP(H) pools and how these two dinucleotide redox couples collaboratively regulate cellular redox states and cellular metabolism under normal and pathological conditions. Furthermore, recent studies suggest the utility of using pharmacological interventions or nutrient-based bioactive NAD+ precursors as therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. Thus, a better understanding of the cellular functions of NAD(H) and NADP(H) may facilitate efforts to address a host of pathological disorders effectively. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 251-272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that reductive stress represents a disturbance in the redox state that is harmful to biological systems. On a cellular level, the presence of increased reducing equivalents and the lack of beneficial fluxes of reactive oxygen species can prevent growth factor-mediated signaling, promote mitochondrial dysfunction, increase apoptosis, and decrease cell survival. In this review, we highlight the importance of redox balance in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and consider the tenuous balance between oxidative and reductive stress. We explain the role of reductive stress in models of protein aggregation-induced cardiomyopathies, such as those caused by mutations in αB-crystallin. In addition, we discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in models of heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion to illustrate how oxidants may mediate the adaptive responses to injury. NADPH oxidase 4, a hydrogen peroxide generator, also has a major role in promoting vascular homeostasis through its regulation of vascular tone, angiogenic responses, and effects on atherogenesis. In contrast, the lack of antioxidant enzymes that reduce hydrogen peroxide, such as glutathione peroxidase 1, promotes vascular remodeling and is deleterious to endothelial function. Thus, we consider the role of oxidants as necessary signals to promote adaptive responses, such as the activation of Nrf2 and eNOS, and the stabilization of Hif1. In addition, we discuss the adaptive metabolic reprogramming in hypoxia that lead to a reductive state, and the subsequent cellular redistribution of reducing equivalents from NADH to other metabolites. Finally, we discuss the paradoxical ability of excess reducing equivalents to stimulate oxidative stress and promote injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Mirzakhani H, Litonjua AA, McElrath TF, O'Connor G, Lee-Parritz A, Iverson R, Macones G, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Zeiger R, Hollis BW, Handy DE, Sharma A, Laranjo N, Carey V, Qiu W, Santolini M, Liu S, Chhabra D, Enquobahrie DA, Williams MA, Loscalzo J, Weiss ST. Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4702-4715. [PMID: 27841759 DOI: 10.1172/jci89031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D status in pregnancy was proposed as a risk factor of preeclampsia. METHODS We assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation (4,400 vs. 400 IU/day), initiated early in pregnancy (10-18 weeks), on the development of preeclampsia. The effects of serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) levels on preeclampsia incidence at trial entry and in the third trimester (32-38 weeks) were studied. We also conducted a nested case-control study of 157 women to investigate peripheral blood vitamin D-associated gene expression profiles at 10 to 18 weeks in 47 participants who developed preeclampsia. RESULTS Of 881 women randomized, outcome data were available for 816, with 67 (8.2%) developing preeclampsia. There was no significant difference between treatment (N = 408) or control (N = 408) groups in the incidence of preeclampsia (8.08% vs. 8.33%, respectively; relative risk: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.61-1.53). However, in a cohort analysis and after adjustment for confounders, a significant effect of sufficient vitamin D status (25OHD ≥30 ng/ml) was observed in both early and late pregnancy compared with insufficient levels (25OHD <30 ng/ml) (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10-0.96). Differential expression of 348 vitamin D-associated genes (158 upregulated) was found in peripheral blood of women who developed preeclampsia (FDR <0.05 in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial [VDAART]; P < 0.05 in a replication cohort). Functional enrichment and network analyses of this vitamin D-associated gene set suggests several highly functional modules related to systematic inflammatory and immune responses, including some nodes with a high degree of connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation initiated in weeks 10-18 of pregnancy did not reduce preeclampsia incidence in the intention-to-treat paradigm. However, vitamin D levels of 30 ng/ml or higher at trial entry and in late pregnancy were associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia. Differentially expressed vitamin D-associated transcriptomes implicated the emergence of an early pregnancy, distinctive immune response in women who went on to develop preeclampsia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00920621. FUNDING Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation and Genome Canada Innovation Network. This trial was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. For details see Acknowledgments.
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16
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Gladyshev VN, Arnér ES, Berry MJ, Brigelius-Flohé R, Bruford EA, Burk RF, Carlson BA, Castellano S, Chavatte L, Conrad M, Copeland PR, Diamond AM, Driscoll DM, Ferreiro A, Flohé L, Green FR, Guigó R, Handy DE, Hatfield DL, Hesketh J, Hoffmann PR, Holmgren A, Hondal RJ, Howard MT, Huang K, Kim HY, Kim IY, Köhrle J, Krol A, Kryukov GV, Lee BJ, Lee BC, Lei XG, Liu Q, Lescure A, Lobanov AV, Loscalzo J, Maiorino M, Mariotti M, Sandeep Prabhu K, Rayman MP, Rozovsky S, Salinas G, Schmidt EE, Schomburg L, Schweizer U, Simonović M, Sunde RA, Tsuji PA, Tweedie S, Ursini F, Whanger PD, Zhang Y. Selenoprotein Gene Nomenclature. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24036-24040. [PMID: 27645994 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains 25 genes coding for selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins). These proteins are involved in a variety of functions, most notably redox homeostasis. Selenoprotein enzymes with known functions are designated according to these functions: TXNRD1, TXNRD2, and TXNRD3 (thioredoxin reductases), GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, and GPX6 (glutathione peroxidases), DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3 (iodothyronine deiodinases), MSRB1 (methionine sulfoxide reductase B1), and SEPHS2 (selenophosphate synthetase 2). Selenoproteins without known functions have traditionally been denoted by SEL or SEP symbols. However, these symbols are sometimes ambiguous and conflict with the approved nomenclature for several other genes. Therefore, there is a need to implement a rational and coherent nomenclature system for selenoprotein-encoding genes. Our solution is to use the root symbol SELENO followed by a letter. This nomenclature applies to SELENOF (selenoprotein F, the 15-kDa selenoprotein, SEP15), SELENOH (selenoprotein H, SELH, C11orf31), SELENOI (selenoprotein I, SELI, EPT1), SELENOK (selenoprotein K, SELK), SELENOM (selenoprotein M, SELM), SELENON (selenoprotein N, SEPN1, SELN), SELENOO (selenoprotein O, SELO), SELENOP (selenoprotein P, SeP, SEPP1, SELP), SELENOS (selenoprotein S, SELS, SEPS1, VIMP), SELENOT (selenoprotein T, SELT), SELENOV (selenoprotein V, SELV), and SELENOW (selenoprotein W, SELW, SEPW1). This system, approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, also resolves conflicting, missing, and ambiguous designations for selenoprotein genes and is applicable to selenoproteins across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim N Gladyshev
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, .,the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Elias S Arnér
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marla J Berry
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | | | - Elspeth A Bruford
- the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), European Bioinformatics Institute-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond F Burk
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- the Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sergi Castellano
- the Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, INSERM U1111, and CNRS/ENS UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marcus Conrad
- the Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul R Copeland
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Alan M Diamond
- the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Donna M Driscoll
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- the Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris, France.,the AP-HP, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Leopold Flohé
- the Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.,the Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Fiona R Green
- the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roderic Guigó
- the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diane E Handy
- the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- the Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John Hesketh
- the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.,the Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.,the The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | - Arne Holmgren
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert J Hondal
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Michael T Howard
- the Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Kaixun Huang
- the Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Ick Young Kim
- the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Josef Köhrle
- the Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alain Krol
- the Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Byeong Jae Lee
- the School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- the Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Qiong Liu
- the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Alain Lescure
- the Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.,the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75794 Paris, France
| | - Alexei V Lobanov
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- the Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mariotti
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Gustavo Salinas
- the Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, CP11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- the Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Miljan Simonović
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Roger A Sunde
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Petra A Tsuji
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, and
| | - Susan Tweedie
- the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), European Bioinformatics Institute-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- the Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Philip D Whanger
- the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Yan Zhang
- the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China
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17
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Garmaroudi FS, Handy DE, Liu YY, Loscalzo J. Systems Pharmacology and Rational Polypharmacy: Nitric Oxide-Cyclic GMP Signaling Pathway as an Illustrative Example and Derivation of the General Case. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004822. [PMID: 26985825 PMCID: PMC4795786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired nitric oxide (NO˙)-cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been observed in many cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. There are several enzymatic determinants of cGMP levels in this pathway, including soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) itself, the NO˙-activated form of sGC, and phosphodiesterase(s) (PDE). Therapies for some of these disorders with PDE inhibitors have been successful at increasing cGMP levels in both cardiac and vascular tissues. However, at the systems level, it is not clear whether perturbation of PDE alone, under oxidative stress, is the best approach for increasing cGMP levels as compared with perturbation of other potential pathway targets, either alone or in combination. Here, we develop a model-based approach to perturbing this pathway, focusing on single reactions, pairs of reactions, or trios of reactions as targets, then monitoring the theoretical effects of these interventions on cGMP levels. Single perturbations of all reaction steps within this pathway demonstrated that three reaction steps, including the oxidation of sGC, NO˙ dissociation from sGC, and cGMP degradation by PDE, exerted a dominant influence on cGMP accumulation relative to other reaction steps. Furthermore, among all possible single, paired, and triple perturbations of this pathway, the combined perturbations of these three reaction steps had the greatest impact on cGMP accumulation. These computational findings were confirmed in cell-based experiments. We conclude that a combined perturbation of the oxidatively-impaired NO˙-cGMP signaling pathway is a better approach to the restoration of cGMP levels as compared with corresponding individual perturbations. This approach may also yield improved therapeutic responses in other complex pharmacologically amenable pathways. Developing drugs for a well-defined biochemical or molecular pathway has conventionally been approached by optimizing the inhibition (or activation) of a single target by a single pharmacologic agent. On occasion, drug combinations have been used that generally target multiple pathways affecting a common phenotype, again by optimizing the extent of inhibition of individual targets, semi-empirically adjusting their doses to minimize toxicities as they are manifest. Here, we present a computational approach for identifying optimal combinations of agents that can affect (inhibit) a well-defined biochemical pathway, doing so at minimal combined concentrations, thereby potentially minimizing dose-dependent toxicities. This approach is illustrated computationally and experimentally with a well-known pathway, the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, but is readily generalizable to rational polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid S. Garmaroudi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Barroso M, Kao D, Blom HJ, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. S-adenosylhomocysteine induces inflammation through NFkB: A possible role for EZH2 in endothelial cell activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:82-92. [PMID: 26506125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) can induce endothelial dysfunction and activation, contributing to atherogenesis; however, its role in the activation of the inflammatory mediator NFkB has not been explored. Our aim was to determine the role of NFkB in SAH-induced activation of endothelial cells. Furthermore, we examined whether SAH, as a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, suppresses the function of EZH2 methyltransferase to contribute to SAH-induced endothelial cell activation. We found that excess SAH increases the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Importantly, this up-regulation was suppressed in cells expressing a dominant negative form of the NFkB inhibitor, IkB. Moreover, SAH accumulation triggers the activation of both the canonical and non-canonical NFkB pathways, decreases EZH2, and reduces histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation. EZH2 knockdown recapitulated the effects of excess SAH on endothelial activation, i.e., it induced NFkB activation and the subsequent up-regulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Our findings suggest that suppression of the epigenetic regulator EZH2 by excess SAH may contribute to NFkB activation and the consequent vascular inflammatory response. These studies unveil new targets of SAH regulation, demonstrating that EZH2 suppression and NFkB activation mediated by SAH accumulation may contribute to its adverse effects in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Derrick Kao
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henk J Blom
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Epigenetic modifications: basic mechanisms and role in cardiovascular disease (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2014; 4:169-74. [PMID: 25006435 DOI: 10.1086/675979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to heritable traits that are not a consequence of DNA sequence. Three classes of epigenetic regulation exist: DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA action. In the cardiovascular system, epigenetic regulation affects development, differentiation, and disease propensity or expression. Defining the determinants of epigenetic regulation offers opportunities for novel strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Barroso M, Florindo C, Kalwa H, Silva Z, Turanov AA, Carlson BA, de Almeida IT, Blom HJ, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL, Michel T, Castro R, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Inhibition of cellular methyltransferases promotes endothelial cell activation by suppressing glutathione peroxidase 1 protein expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15350-62. [PMID: 24719327 PMCID: PMC4140892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a negative regulator of most methyltransferases and the precursor for the cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine. We have previously identified a link between the homocysteine-induced suppression of the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) and endothelial dysfunction. Here we demonstrate a specific mechanism by which hypomethylation, promoted by the accumulation of the homocysteine precursor SAH, suppresses GPx-1 expression and leads to inflammatory activation of endothelial cells. The expression of GPx-1 and a subset of other selenoproteins is dependent on the methylation of the tRNA(Sec) to the Um34 form. The formation of methylated tRNA(Sec) facilitates translational incorporation of selenocysteine at a UGA codon. Our findings demonstrate that SAH accumulation in endothelial cells suppresses the expression of GPx-1 to promote oxidative stress. Hypomethylation stress, caused by SAH accumulation, inhibits the formation of the methylated isoform of the tRNA(Sec) and reduces GPx-1 expression. In contrast, under these conditions, the expression and activity of thioredoxin reductase 1, another selenoprotein, is increased. Furthermore, SAH-induced oxidative stress creates a proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells characterized by up-regulation of adhesion molecules and an augmented capacity to bind leukocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that SAH accumulation in endothelial cells can induce tRNA(Sec) hypomethylation, which alters the expression of selenoproteins such as GPx-1 to contribute to a proatherogenic endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- From the Cardiovascular and ,the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and
| | - Cristina Florindo
- the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and
| | | | - Zélia Silva
- the Chronic Diseases Research Center, Departamento de Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton A. Turanov
- Genetics Divisions, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- the Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and ,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henk J. Blom
- the Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Genetics Divisions, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- the Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | | | - Rita Castro
- the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and ,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Diane E. Handy
- From the Cardiovascular and , To whom correspondence should be addressed: Cardiovascular Div., Dept. of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115. Tel.: 617-525-4845; Fax: 617-525-4830; E-mail:
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Abstract
Systems biology and network analysis are emerging as valuable tools for the discovery of novel relationships, the identification of key regulatory factors, and the prediction of phenotypic changes in complex biological systems. Redox homeostasis in the vasculature is maintained by an intricate balance between oxidant-generating and antioxidant systems. When these systems are perturbed, conditions are permissive for oxidant stress, which, in turn, promotes vascular dysfunction and structural remodeling. Owing to the number of elements involved in redox regulation and the different vascular pathophenotypes associated with oxidant stress, vascular oxidant stress represents an ideal system to study by network analysis. Networks offer a method to organize experimentally derived factors, including proteins, metabolites, and DNA, that are represented as nodes into an unbiased comprehensive platform for study. Through analysis of the network, it is possible to determine essential or regulatory nodes, identify previously unknown connections between nodes, and locate modules, which are groups of nodes located within the same neighborhood that function together and have implications for phenotype. Investigators have only recently begun to construct oxidant stress-related networks to examine vascular structure and function; however, these early studies have provided mechanistic insight to further our understanding of this complicated biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yin T, Bader AR, Hou TK, Maron BA, Kao DD, Qian R, Kohane DS, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Zhang YY. SDF-1α in glycan nanoparticles exhibits full activity and reduces pulmonary hypertension in rats. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4009-20. [PMID: 24059347 DOI: 10.1021/bm401122q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To establish a homing signal in the lung to recruit circulating stem cells for tissue repair, we formulated a nanoparticle, SDF-1α NP, by complexing SDF-1α with dextran sulfate and chitosan. The data show that SDF-1α was barely released from the nanoparticles over an extended period of time in vitro (3% in 7 days at 37 °C); however, incorporated SDF-1α exhibited full chemotactic activity and receptor activation compared to its free form. The nanoparticles were not endocytosed after incubation with Jurkat cells. When aerosolized into the lungs of rats, SDF-1α NP displayed a greater retention time compared to free SDF-1α (64 vs 2% remaining at 16 h). In a rat model of monocrotaline-induced lung injury, SDF-1α NP, but not free form SDF-1α, was found to reduce pulmonary hypertension. These data suggest that the nanoparticle formulation protected SDF-1α from rapid clearance in the lung and sustained its biological function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Bader AR, Yin T, Kao D, Hou TK, Qian R, Kohane DS, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Zhang Y. SDF‐1 alpha Nanoglycan Complexes Exhibit Exended Retention Time and Beneficial Effect in Pulmonary Hypertension. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1217.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Bader
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Tao Yin
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- CardiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Derrick Kao
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Tim K. Hou
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Ray Qian
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Daniel S. Kohane
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Children's Hospital BostonBostonMA
| | - Diane E. Handy
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Ying‐Yi Zhang
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Balderman JAF, Lee HY, Mahoney CE, Handy DE, White K, Annis S, Lebeche D, Hajjar RJ, Loscalzo J, Leopold JA. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 decreases microRNA-30b and microRNA-30c to promote vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e003905. [PMID: 23316327 PMCID: PMC3540659 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.003905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification resembles bone formation and involves vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) transition to an osteoblast‐like phenotype to express Runx2, a master osteoblast transcription factor. One possible mechanism by which Runx2 protein expression is induced is downregulation of inhibitory microRNAs (miR). Methods and Results Human coronary artery SMCs (CASMCs) treated with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2; 100 ng/mL) demonstrated a 1.7‐fold (P<0.02) increase in Runx2 protein expression at 24 hours. A miR microarray and target prediction database analysis independently identified miR‐30b and miR‐30c (miR‐30b‐c) as miRs that regulate Runx2 expression. Real‐time–polymerase chain reaction confirmed that BMP‐2 decreased miR‐30b and miR‐30c expression. A luciferase reporter assay verified that both miR‐30b and miR‐30c bind to the 3′‐untranslated region of Runx2 mRNA to regulate its expression. CASMCs transfected with antagomirs to downregulate miR‐30b‐c demonstrated significantly increased Runx2, intracellular calcium deposition, and mineralization. Conversely, forced expression of miR‐30b‐c by transfection with pre–miR‐30b‐c prevented the increase in Runx2 expression and mineralization of SMCs. Calcified human coronary arteries demonstrated higher levels of BMP‐2 and lower levels of miR‐30b than did noncalcified donor coronary arteries. Conclusions BMP‐2 downregulates miR‐30b and miR‐30c to increase Runx2 expression in CASMCs and promote mineralization. Strategies that modulate expression of miR‐30b and miR‐30c may influence vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A F Balderman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhang Z, Yang Z, Zhu B, Hu J, Liew CW, Zhang Y, Leopold JA, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Stanton RC. Increasing glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity restores redox balance in vascular endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185302 PMCID: PMC3501497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high glucose increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells that contributes to vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Accumulation of ROS is due to dysregulated redox balance between ROS-producing systems and antioxidant systems. Previous research from our laboratory has shown that high glucose decreases the principal cellular reductant, NADPH by impairing the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). We and others also have shown that the high glucose-induced decrease in G6PD activity is mediated, at least in part, by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). As both the major antioxidant enzymes and NADPH oxidase, a major source of ROS, use NADPH as substrate, we explored whether G6PD activity was a critical mediator of redox balance. We found that overexpression of G6PD by pAD-G6PD infection restored redox balance. Moreover inhibition of PKA decreased ROS accumulation and increased redox enzymes, while not altering the protein expression level of redox enzymes. Interestingly, high glucose stimulated an increase in NADPH oxidase (NOX) and colocalization of G6PD with NOX, which was inhibited by the PKA inhibitor. Lastly, inhibition of PKA ameliorated high glucose mediated increase in cell death and inhibition of cell growth. These studies illustrate that increasing G6PD activity restores redox balance in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose, which is a potentially important therapeutic target to protect ECs from the deleterious effects of high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Zhang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Brigham Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jane A. Leopold
- Brigham Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Brigham Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Brigham Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Metes-Kosik N, Luptak I, Dibello PM, Handy DE, Tang SS, Zhi H, Qin F, Jacobsen DW, Loscalzo J, Joseph J. Both selenium deficiency and modest selenium supplementation lead to myocardial fibrosis in mice via effects on redox-methylation balance. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1812-24. [PMID: 23097236 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Selenium has complex effects in vivo on multiple homeostatic mechanisms such as redox balance, methylation balance, and epigenesis, via its interaction with the methionine-homocysteine cycle. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that selenium status would modulate both redox and methylation balance and thereby modulate myocardial structure and function. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of selenium-deficient (<0.025 mg/kg), control (0.15 mg/kg), and selenium-supplemented (0.5 mg/kg) diets on myocardial histology, biochemistry and function in adult C57/BL6 mice. Selenium deficiency led to reactive myocardial fibrosis and systolic dysfunction accompanied by increased myocardial oxidant stress. Selenium supplementation significantly reduced methylation potential, DNA methyltransferase activity and DNA methylation. In mice fed the supplemented diet, inspite of lower oxidant stress, myocardial matrix gene expression was significantly altered resulting in reactive myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the absence of myocardial hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that both selenium deficiency and modest selenium supplementation leads to a similar phenotype of abnormal myocardial matrix remodeling and dysfunction in the normal heart. The crucial role selenium plays in maintaining the balance between redox and methylation pathways needs to be taken into account while optimizing selenium status for prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Maron BA, Zhang YY, White K, Chan SY, Handy DE, Mahoney CE, Loscalzo J, Leopold JA. Aldosterone inactivates the endothelin-B receptor via a cysteinyl thiol redox switch to decrease pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide levels and modulate pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2012; 126:963-74. [PMID: 22787113 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized, in part, by decreased endothelial nitric oxide (NO(·)) production and elevated levels of endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 is known to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) via the endothelin-B receptor (ET(B)), suggesting that this signaling pathway is perturbed in PAH. Endothelin-1 also stimulates adrenal aldosterone synthesis; in systemic blood vessels, hyperaldosteronism induces vascular dysfunction by increasing endothelial reactive oxygen species generation and decreasing NO(·) levels. We hypothesized that aldosterone modulates PAH by disrupting ET(B)-eNOS signaling through a mechanism involving increased pulmonary endothelial oxidant stress. METHODS AND RESULTS In rats with PAH, elevated endothelin-1 levels were associated with elevated aldosterone levels in plasma and lung tissue and decreased lung NO(·) metabolites in the absence of left-sided heart failure. In human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, endothelin-1 increased aldosterone levels via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α/steroidogenesis factor-1-dependent upregulation of aldosterone synthase. Aldosterone also increased reactive oxygen species production, which oxidatively modified cysteinyl thiols in the eNOS-activating region of ET(B) to decrease endothelin-1-stimulated eNOS activity. Substitution of ET(B)-Cys405 with alanine improved ET(B)-dependent NO(·) synthesis under conditions of oxidant stress, confirming that Cys405 is a redox-sensitive thiol that is necessary for ET(B)-eNOS signaling. In human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism with spironolactone decreased aldosterone-mediated reactive oxygen species generation and restored ET(B)-dependent NO(·) production. Spironolactone or eplerenone prevented or reversed pulmonary vascular remodeling and improved cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in 2 animal models of PAH in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that aldosterone modulates an ET(B) cysteinyl thiol redox switch to decrease pulmonary endothelium-derived NO(·) and promote PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, PBB-1, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as mitochondria both generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive redox-sensitive events and respond to ROS-mediated changes in the cellular redox state. In this review, we examine the regulation of cellular ROS, their modes of production and removal, and the redox-sensitive targets that are modified by their flux. In particular, we focus on the actions of redox-sensitive targets that alter mitochondrial function and the role of these redox modifications on metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and apoptotic pathways. We also consider the role of mitochondria in modulating these pathways, and discuss how redox-dependent events may contribute to pathobiology by altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Malinouski M, Kehr S, Finney L, Vogt S, Carlson BA, Seravalli J, Jin R, Handy DE, Park TJ, Loscalzo J, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. High-resolution imaging of selenium in kidneys: a localized selenium pool associated with glutathione peroxidase 3. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:185-92. [PMID: 21854231 PMCID: PMC3234661 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent advances in quantitative methods and sensitive imaging techniques of trace elements provide opportunities to uncover and explain their biological roles. In particular, the distribution of selenium in tissues and cells under both physiological and pathological conditions remains unknown. In this work, we applied high-resolution synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) to map selenium distribution in mouse liver and kidney. RESULTS Liver showed a uniform selenium distribution that was dependent on selenocysteine tRNA([Ser]Sec) and dietary selenium. In contrast, kidney selenium had both uniformly distributed and highly localized components, the latter visualized as thin circular structures surrounding proximal tubules. Other parts of the kidney, such as glomeruli and distal tubules, only manifested the uniformly distributed selenium pattern that co-localized with sulfur. We found that proximal tubule selenium localized to the basement membrane. It was preserved in Selenoprotein P knockout mice, but was completely eliminated in glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) knockout mice, indicating that this selenium represented GPx3. We further imaged kidneys of another model organism, the naked mole rat, which showed a diminished uniformly distributed selenium pool, but preserved the circular proximal tubule signal. INNOVATION We applied XFM to image selenium in mammalian tissues and identified a highly localized pool of this trace element at the basement membrane of kidneys that was associated with GPx3. CONCLUSION XFM allowed us to define and explain the tissue topography of selenium in mammalian kidneys at submicron resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Malinouski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Sebastian Kehr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Lydia Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Richard Jin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
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Wang X, Cui L, Joseph J, Jiang B, Pimental D, Handy DE, Liao R, Loscalzo J. Homocysteine induces cardiomyocyte dysfunction and apoptosis through p38 MAPK-mediated increase in oxidant stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:753-60. [PMID: 22227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While Hcy has been shown to promote endothelial dysfunction by decreasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide and increasing oxidative stress in the vasculature, the effects of Hcy on cardiomyocytes remain less understood. In this study we explored the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on myocardial function ex vivo and examined the direct effects of Hcy on cardiomyocyte function and survival in vitro. Studies with isolated hearts from wild type and HHcy mice (heterozygous cystathionine-beta synthase deficient mice) demonstrated that HHcy mouse hearts had more severely impaired cardiac relaxation and contractile function and increased cell death following ischemia reperfusion (I/R). In isolated cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes, exposure to Hcy for 24 h impaired cardiomyocyte contractility in a concentration-dependent manner, and promoted apoptosis as revealed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling and cleaved caspase-3 immunoblotting. These effects were associated with activation of p38 MAPK, decreased expression of thioredoxin (TRX) protein, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of p38 MAPK by the selective inhibitor SB203580 (5 μM) prevented all of these Hcy-induced changes. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRX in cardiomyocytes significantly attenuated Hcy-induced ROS generation, apoptosis, and impairment of myocyte contractility. Thus, Hcy may increase the risk for CVD not only by causing endothelial dysfunction, but also by directly exerting detrimental effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are generated in all cells by mitochondrial and enzymatic sources. Left unchecked, these reactive species can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that enzymatically reduces hydrogen peroxide to water to limit its harmful effects. Certain reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, are also essential for growth factor-mediated signal transduction, mitochondrial function, and maintenance of normal thiol redox-balance. Thus, by limiting hydrogen peroxide accumulation, GPx-1 also modulates these processes. This review explores the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the expression and function of GPx-1, with an emphasis on the role of GPx-1 in modulating cellular oxidant stress and redox-mediated responses. As a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, GPx-1 expression is subject to unique forms of regulation involving the trace mineral selenium and selenocysteine incorporation during translation. In addition, GPx-1 has been implicated in the development and prevention of many common and complex diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the role of GPx-1 in these diseases and speculates on potential future therapies to harness the beneficial effects of this ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lubos
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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32
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Liberman M, Johnson RC, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Leopold JA. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 activates NADPH oxidase to increase endoplasmic reticulum stress and human coronary artery smooth muscle cell calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:436-41. [PMID: 21907184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) increases oxidant stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to stimulate differentiation of osteoblasts; however, the role of these signaling pathways in the transition of smooth muscle cells to a calcifying osteoblast-like phenotype remains incompletely characterized. We, therefore, treated human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCSMC) with BMP-2 (100ng/mL) and found an increase in NADPH oxidase activity and oxidant stress that occurred via activation of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 and Smad 1 signaling. BMP-2-mediated oxidant stress also increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress demonstrated by increased expression of GRP78, phospho-IRE1α, and the transcription factor XBP1. Analysis of a 1kb segment of the Runx2 promoter revealed an XBP1 binding site; electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that XBP1 bound to the Runx2 promoter at this site in BMP-2-treated HCSMC. Inhibition of oxidant stress or ER stress decreased Runx2 expression, intracellular calcium deposition, and mineralization of BMP-2-treated HCSMC. Thus, in HCSMC, BMP-2 increases oxidant stress and ER stress to increase Runx2 expression and promote vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Liberman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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Lubos E, Kelly NJ, Oldebeken SR, Leopold JA, Zhang YY, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Glutathione peroxidase-1 deficiency augments proinflammatory cytokine-induced redox signaling and human endothelial cell activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:35407-35417. [PMID: 21852236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.205708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme, the deficiency of which promotes atherogenesis. Accordingly, we examined the mechanisms by which GPx-1 deficiency enhances endothelial cell activation and inflammation. In human microvascular endothelial cells, we found that GPx-1 deficiency augments intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression by redox-dependent mechanisms that involve NFκB. Suppression of GPx-1 enhanced TNF-α-induced ROS production and ICAM-1 expression, whereas overexpression of GPx-1 attenuated these TNF-α-mediated responses. GPx-1 deficiency prolonged TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation and activation of ERK1/2 and JNK. JNK or NFκB inhibition attenuated TNF-α induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in GPx-1-deficient and control cells, whereas ERK1/2 inhibition attenuated only VCAM-1 expression. To analyze further signaling pathways involved in GPx-1-mediated protection from TNF-α-induced ROS, we performed microarray analysis of human microvascular endothelial cells treated with TNF-α in the presence and absence of GPx-1. Among the genes whose expression changed significantly, dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), encoding an antagonist of MAPK signaling, was down-regulated by GPx-1 suppression. Targeted DUSP4 knockdown enhanced TNF-α-mediated ERK1/2 pathway activation and resulted in increased adhesion molecule expression, indicating that GPx-1 deficiency may augment TNF-α-mediated events, in part, by regulating DUSP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lubos
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Neil J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Scott R Oldebeken
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jane A Leopold
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ying-Yi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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Zhang J, Handy DE, Wang Y, Bouchard G, Selhub J, Loscalzo J, Carey MC. Hyperhomocysteinemia from trimethylation of hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine during cholesterol cholelithogenesis in inbred mice. Hepatology 2011; 54:697-706. [PMID: 21567442 PMCID: PMC3145001 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because hyperhomocysteinemia can occur in cholesterol gallstone disease, we hypothesized that this may result from trimethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which partakes in biliary phosphatidylcholine (PC) hypersecretion during cholesterol cholelithogenesis. We fed murine strains C57L/J, C57BL/6J, SWR/J, AKR/J, PE N-methyltransferase (PEMT) knockout (KO), PEMT heterozygous (HET), and wildtype (WT) mice a cholesterol/cholic acid lithogenic diet (LD) for up to 56 days and documented biliary lipid phase transitions and secretion rates. We quantified plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B12 in plasma and liver, as well as biliary tHcy and cysteine secretion rates. Rate-limiting enzyme activities of PC synthesis, PEMT and cytidine triphosphate: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCT), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured in liver homogenates. Other potential sources of plasma tHcy, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), were assayed by gene expression. Plasma tHcy and PEMT activities became elevated during cholelithogenesis in gallstone-susceptible C57L, C57BL/6, and SWR mice but not in the gallstone-resistant AKR mice. Persisting in C57L mice, which exhibit the greatest Lith gene burden, these increases were accompanied by elevated hepatic SAM/SAH ratios and augmented biliary tHcy secretion rates. Counter-regulation included remethylation of Hcy to methionine concurrent with decreased folate and vitamin B12 levels and Hcy transsulfuration to cysteine. Concomitantly, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr), betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt), and cystathionine-β-synthase (Cbs) were up-regulated, but Gnmt and Gamt genes were down-regulated. PEMT KO and HET mice displayed biliary lipid secretion rates and high gallstone prevalence rates similar to WT mice without any elevation in plasma tHcy levels. CONCLUSION This work implicates up-regulation of PC synthesis by the PEMT pathway as a source of elevated plasma and bile tHcy during cholesterol cholelithogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yufang Wang
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Guylaine Bouchard
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Vitamin Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin C. Carey
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Labunskyy VM, Lee BC, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Both maximal expression of selenoproteins and selenoprotein deficiency can promote development of type 2 diabetes-like phenotype in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2327-36. [PMID: 21194350 PMCID: PMC3096499 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in mammals that has been shown to exert its function through selenoproteins. Whereas optimal levels of Se in the diet have important health benefits, a recent clinical trial has suggested that supplemental intake of Se above the adequate level potentially may raise the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms for the effect of dietary Se on the development of this disease are not understood. In the present study, we examined the contribution of selenoproteins to increased risk of developing diabetes using animal models. C57BL/6J mice (n=6-7 per group) were fed either Se-deficient Torula yeast-based diet or diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.4 parts per million Se. Our data show that mice maintained on an Se-supplemented diet develop hyperinsulinemia and have decreased insulin sensitivity. These effects are accompanied by elevated expression of a selective group of selenoproteins. We also observed that reduced synthesis of these selenoproteins caused by overexpression of an i(6)A(-) mutant selenocysteine tRNA promotes glucose intolerance and leads to a diabetes-like phenotype. These findings indicate that both high expression of selenoproteins and selenoprotein deficiency may dysregulate glucose homeostasis and suggest a role for selenoproteins in development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M Labunskyy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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37
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Jin RC, Mahoney CE, Coleman Anderson L, Ottaviano F, Croce K, Leopold JA, Zhang YY, Tang SS, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Glutathione peroxidase-3 deficiency promotes platelet-dependent thrombosis in vivo. Circulation 2011; 123:1963-73. [PMID: 21518981 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3) is a selenocysteine-containing plasma protein that scavenges reactive oxygen species in the extracellular compartment. A deficiency of this enzyme has been associated with platelet-dependent thrombosis, and a promoter haplotype with reduced function has been associated with stroke risk. METHODS AND RESULTS We recently developed a genetic mouse model to assess platelet function and thrombosis in the setting of GPx-3 deficiency. The GPx-3((-/-)) mice showed an attenuated bleeding time and an enhanced aggregation response to the agonist ADP compared with wild-type mice. GPx-3((-/-)) mice displayed increased plasma levels of soluble P-selectin and decreased plasma cyclic cGMP compared with wild-type mice. ADP infusion-induced platelet aggregation in the pulmonary vasculature produced a more robust platelet activation response in the GPx-3((-/-)) than wild-type mice; histological sections from the pulmonary vasculature of GPx-3((-/-)) compared with wild-type mice showed increased platelet-rich thrombi and a higher percentage of occluded vessels. Cremaster muscle preparations revealed endothelial dysfunction in the GPx-3((-/-)) compared with wild-type mice. With a no-flow ischemia-reperfusion stroke model, GPx-3((-/-)) mice had significantly larger cerebral infarctions compared with wild-type mice and platelet-dependent strokes. To assess the neuroprotective role of antioxidants in this model, we found that manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin treatment reduced stroke size in GPx-3((-/-)) mice compared with vehicle-treated controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that GPx-3 deficiency results in a prothrombotic state and vascular dysfunction that promotes platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis. These data illustrate the importance of this plasma antioxidant enzyme in regulating platelet activity, endothelial function, platelet-dependent thrombosis, and vascular thrombotic propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Jin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lubos E, Mahoney CE, Leopold JA, Zhang YY, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Glutathione peroxidase-1 modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells by altering CD14 expression. FASEB J 2010; 24:2525-32. [PMID: 20219985 PMCID: PMC2887263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-147421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD14 contributes to LPS signaling in leukocytes through formation of toll-like receptor 4/CD14 receptor complexes; however, a specific role for endogenous cell-surface CD14 in endothelial cells is unclear. We have found that suppression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells increases CD14 gene expression compared to untreated or siControl (siCtrl)-treated conditions. Following LPS treatment, GPx-1 deficiency augmented LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, CD14 expression, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and protein expression compared to LPS-treated control cells. GPx-1 deficiency also transiently augmented LPS-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. Adenoviral overexpression of GPx-1 significantly diminished LPS-mediated responses in adhesion molecule expression. Consistent with these findings, LPS responses were also greater in endothelial cells derived from GPx-1-knockout mice, whereas adhesion molecule expression was decreased in cells from GPx-1-overexpressing transgenic mice. Knockdown of CD14 attenuated LPS-mediated up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA and protein, and it mitigated the effects of GPx-1 deficiency on LPS-induced adhesion molecule expression. Taken together, these data suggest that GPx-1 modulates the endothelial cell response to LPS, in part, by altering CD14-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lubos
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhang Z, Liew CW, Handy DE, Zhang Y, Leopold JA, Hu J, Guo L, Kulkarni RN, Loscalzo J, Stanton RC. High glucose inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, leading to increased oxidative stress and beta-cell apoptosis. FASEB J 2009; 24:1497-505. [PMID: 20032314 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-136572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes lose beta cells, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the principal source of the major intracellular reductant, NADPH, which is required by many enzymes, including enzymes of the antioxidant pathway. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that high glucose impairs G6PD activity in endothelial and kidney cells, which leads to decreased cell survival. Pancreatic beta cells are highly sensitive to increased ROS. This study aimed to determine whether G6PD and NADPH play central roles in beta-cell survival. Human and mouse islets, MIN6 cell line, and G6PD deficient mice were studied. High glucose inhibited G6PD expression and activity. Inhibition of G6PD with siRNA led to increased ROS and apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and impaired insulin secretion. High glucose decreased insulin secretion, which was improved by overexpressing G6PD. G6PD-deficient mice had smaller islets and impaired glucose tolerance compared with control mice, which suggests that G6PD deficiency per se leads to beta-cell dysfunction and death. G6PD plays an important role in beta-cell function and survival. High-glucose-mediated decrease in G6PD activity may provide a mechanistic explanation for the gradual loss of beta cells in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Zhang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Xu Y, Zhang Z, Hu J, Stillman IE, Leopold JA, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Stanton RC. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient mice have increased renal oxidative stress and increased albuminuria. FASEB J 2009; 24:609-16. [PMID: 19805580 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-135731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway and the principal source of NADPH, a major cellular reductant, and is central to cell survival. Our previous work showed that diabetes and increased aldosterone are acquired forms of G6PD deficiency, leading to decreased G6PD activity and NADPH levels and damage to kidney tissue and endothelial cells. In this study, G6PD-deficient mice were studied to test the hypothesis that decreased G6PD activity per se can cause changes similar to those seen in the acquired conditions of G6PD deficiency. Results show that as compared with control mice, G6PD-deficient mice had increased oxidative stress, as manifested by decreased NADPH levels and decreased GSH levels, and increased markers of lipid peroxidation. G6PD-deficient mice had increased protein kinase C activity, increased nuclear factor-kappaB activity, and increased urinary albumin levels, all of which is similar to changes seen in diabetic mice. Changes persisted as the mice aged, as old G6PD-deficient mice (17-20 mo) had higher urine albumin levels and also had evidence for increased apoptosis in the renal cortex. These results show that decreased G6PD activity per se is sufficient to cause changes similar to those seen in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Xu
- Renal Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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41
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Lim CC, Bryan NS, Jain M, Garcia-Saura MF, Fernandez BO, Sawyer DB, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Feelisch M, Liao R. Glutathione peroxidase deficiency exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury in male but not female myocardium: insights into antioxidant compensatory mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H2144-53. [PMID: 19801492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00673.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The female sex has been associated with increased resistance to acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. While enhanced antioxidant capacity has been implicated in female cardioprotection, there is little evidence to support this assumption. Previous studies have shown an important role of cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) in protection of the myocardium from I/R injury. Whether GPx1 is mechanistic in the protection of female myocardium, post-I/R, has not been examined. We utilized a murine model with homozygous deletion of GPx1 and examined its impact on postischemic myocardial recovery in male and female mice. Following I/R, male GPx1(-/-) hearts were more susceptible to contractile and diastolic dysfunction, and this was associated with increased protein carbonyls, a marker of oxidative stress. In contrast, GPx1 deficiency in female hearts did not exacerbate dysfunction or oxidative stress post-I/R. Both wild-type and GPx1(-/-) female hearts exhibited reduced creatine kinase leakage and a more favorable ascorbate redox status compared with males. Following I/R, female GPx1(-/-) hearts showed a comparable decrease in glutathione redox status as their male counterparts; however, they exhibited a greater decrease in nitrate-to-nitrite ratio, suggesting a higher consumption of nitrate in female GPx1(-/-) hearts. Our findings demonstrate that GPx1 is critical for cardioprotection during I/R in male, but not female, mice. The maintenance of cardioprotection in female mice lacking GPx1 post-I/R may be due to an improved ascorbate redox homeostasis and enhanced nitrate-to-nitrite conversion, which would predictably be accompanied by enhanced production of cardioprotective nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Chew Lim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Ave., PRB 340, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Handy DE, Hang G, Scolaro J, Metes N, Razaq N, Yang Y, Loscalzo J. Aminoglycosides decrease glutathione peroxidase-1 activity by interfering with selenocysteine incorporation. J Biol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a511295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Leopold JA, Dam A, Maron BA, Scribner AW, Liao R, Handy DE, Stanton RC, Pitt B, Loscalzo J. Erratum: Corrigendum: Aldosterone impairs vascular reactivity by decreasing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Nat Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/nm0909-1093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ottaviano FG, Tang S, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. DETERMINANTS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE MAMMALIAN ANTIOXIDANT SELENOPROTEIN PLASMA GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE (GPx‐3). FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.500.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Gabriella Ottaviano
- MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Shiow‐Shih Tang
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Diane E. Handy
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Handy DE, Lubos E, Yang Y, Galbraith JD, Kelly N, Zhang YY, Leopold JA, Loscalzo J. Glutathione peroxidase-1 regulates mitochondrial function to modulate redox-dependent cellular responses. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11913-21. [PMID: 19254950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900392200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme that plays a major role in the reductive detoxification of peroxides in cells. In permanently transfected cells with approximate 2-fold overexpression of GPx-1, we found that intracellular accumulation of oxidants in response to exogenous hydrogen peroxide was diminished, as was epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated Akt activation in response to hydrogen peroxide or EGF stimulation. Knockdown of GPx-1 augmented EGFR-mediated Akt activation, whereas overexpression of catalase decreased Akt activation, suggesting that EGFR signaling is regulated by redox mechanisms. To determine whether mitochondrial oxidants played a role in these processes, cells were pretreated with a mitochondrial uncoupler prior to EGF stimulation. Inhibition of mitochondrial function attenuated EGF-mediated activation of Akt in control cells but had no additional effect in GPx-1-overexpressing cells, suggesting that GPx-1 overexpression decreased EGFR signaling by decreasing mitochondrial oxidants. Consistent with this finding, GPx-1 overexpression decreased global protein disulfide bond formation, which is dependent on mitochondrially produced oxidants. GPx-1 overexpression, in permanently transfected or adenovirus-treated cells, also caused overall mitochondrial dysfunction with a decrease in mitochondrial potential and a decrease in ATP production. GPx-1 overexpression also decreased EGF- and serum-mediated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, indicating that alterations in GPx-1 can attenuate cell proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that GPx-1 can modulate redox-dependent cellular responses by regulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Maron BA, Zhang YY, Handy DE, Beuve A, Tang SS, Loscalzo J, Leopold JA. Aldosterone increases oxidant stress to impair guanylyl cyclase activity by cysteinyl thiol oxidation in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:7665-72. [PMID: 19141618 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809460200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperaldosteronism is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity owing to increased reactive oxygen species and decreased bioavailable nitric oxide (NO(.)); however, the effects of aldosterone on vasodilatory signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) remain unknown. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) is a heterodimer that is activated by NO(.) to convert cytosolic GTP to cGMP, a second messenger required for normal VSMC relaxation. Here, we show that aldosterone (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/liter) diminishes GC activity by activating NADPH oxidase in bovine aortic VSMC to increase reactive oxygen species levels and induce oxidative posttranslational modification(s) of Cys-122, a beta(1)-subunit cysteinyl residue demonstrated previously to modulate NO(.) sensing by GC. In VSMC treated with aldosterone, Western immunoblotting detected evidence of GC beta(1)-subunit disulfide bonding, whereas mass spectrometry analysis of a homologous peptide containing the Cys-122-bearing sequence exposed to conditions of increased oxidant stress confirmed cysteinyl sulfinic acid (m/z 435), sulfonic acid (m/z 443), and disulfide (m/z 836) bond formation. The functional effect of these modifications was examined by transfecting COS-7 cells with wild-type GC or mutant GC containing an alanine substitution at Cys-122 (C122A). Exposure to aldosterone or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) significantly decreased cGMP levels in cells expressing wild-type GC. In contrast, aldosterone or H(2)O(2) did not influence cGMP levels in cells expressing the mutant C122A GC, confirming that oxidative modification of Cys-122 specifically impairs GC activity. These findings demonstrate that pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of aldosterone increase oxidant stress to convert GC to an NO(.)-insensitive state, resulting in disruption of normal vasodilatory signaling pathways in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
During the last decade basic and clinical research has highlighted the central role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular disease. Enhanced production or attenuated degradation of ROS leads to oxidative stress, a process that affects endothelial and vascular function, and contributes to vascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO), a product of the normal endothelium, is a principal determinant of normal endothelial and vascular function. In states of inflammation, NO production by the vasculature increases considerably and, in conjunction with other ROS, contributes to oxidative stress. This review examines the role of oxidative stress and NO in mechanisms of endothelial and vascular dysfunction with an emphasis on atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lubos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
The oxidizing nature of the extracellular environment is vastly different from the highly reducing nature of the intracellular compartment. The redox potential of the cytosolic compartment of the intracellular environment limits disulfide bond formation, whereas the oxidizing extracellular environment contains proteins rich in disulfide bonds. If not for an extracellular antioxidant system to eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation would become excessive, resulting in cellular damage. Many reviews have focused on the role of intracellular antioxidants in the elimination of oxidative stress, but this one will focus on the coordinated action of both intracellular and extracellular antioxidants in limiting cellular oxidant stress.
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Ottaviano FG, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Function and Regulation of Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.998.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena G. Ottaviano
- MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
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Voetsch B, Jin RC, Bierl C, Deus-Silva L, Camargo ECS, Annichino-Bizacchi JM, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Role of promoter polymorphisms in the plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) gene as a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke 2007; 39:303-7. [PMID: 18096833 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.490094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) is a major antioxidant enzyme in plasma and the extracellular space that scavenges reactive oxygen species produced during normal metabolism or after oxidative insult. A deficiency of this enzyme increases extracellular oxidant stress, promotes platelet activation, and may promote oxidative posttranslational modification of fibrinogen. We recently identified a haplotype (H(2)) in the GPx-3 gene promoter that increases the risk of arterial ischemic stroke among children and young adults. METHODS The aim of this study is to identify possible relationships between promoter haplotypes in the GPx-3 gene and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We studied the GPx-3 gene promoter from 23 patients with CVT and 123 young controls (18 to 45 years) by single-stranded conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis. RESULTS Over half of CVT patients (52.1%) were heterozygous (H(1)H(2)) or homozygous (H(2)H(2)) carriers of the H(2) haplotype compared with 12.2% of controls, yielding a more than 10-fold independent increase in the risk of CVT (OR=10.7; 95% CI, 2.70 to 42.36; P<0.0001). Among women, the interaction of the H(2) haplotype with hormonal risk factors increased the OR of CVT to almost 70 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that a novel GPx-3 promoter haplotype is a strong, independent risk factor for CVT. As we have previously shown that this haplotype is associated with a reduction in transcriptional activity, which compromises antioxidant activity and antithrombotic benefits of the enzyme, these results suggest that a deficiency of GPx-3 leads to a cerebral venous thrombophilic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Voetsch
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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