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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Broberg K, Dogliotti E, Fletcher T, Rylander L, Abrahantes JC, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8488. [PMID: 38239496 PMCID: PMC10794945 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
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Das A, Joardar M, Chowdhury NR, Mridha D, De A, Majumder S, Das J, Majumdar KK, Roychowdhury T. Significance of the prime factors regulating arsenic toxicity and associated health risk: a hypothesis-based investigation in a critically exposed population of West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3423-3446. [PMID: 36335536 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The suffering from arsenic toxicity is a long-standing concern in Asian countries. The role of the key factors (arsenic intake, age and sex) regulating arsenic toxicity is aimed to evaluate for a severely exposed population from Murshidabad district, West Bengal. Mean arsenic concentrations in drinking water supplied through tube well, Sajaldhara treatment plant and pipeline were observed as 208, 27 and 54 µg/l, respectively. Urinary arsenic concentration had been observed as < 3-42.1, < 3-56.2 and < 3-80 µg/l in children, teenagers and adults, respectively. Mean concentrations of hair and nail arsenic were found to be 0.84 and 2.38 mg/kg; 3.07 and 6.18 mg/kg; and 4.41 and 9.07 mg/kg, respectively, for the studied age-groups. Water arsenic was found to be associated with hair and nail (r = 0.57 and 0.60), higher than urine (r = 0.37). Arsenic deposition in biomarkers appeared to be dependent on age; however, it is independent of sex. Principal component analysis showed a direct relationship between dietary intake of arsenic and chronic biomarkers. Nail was proved as the most fitted biomarker of arsenic toxicity by Dunn's post hoc test. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis and cluster analysis showed that the most significant factor regulating health risk is 'concentration of arsenic' than 'exposure duration', 'body weight' and 'intake rate'. The contribution of arsenic concentration towards calculated health risk was highest in teenagers (45.5-61.2%), followed by adults (47.8-49%) and children (21-27.6%). Regular and sufficient access to arsenic-safe drinking water is an immediate need for the affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Deepanjan Mridha
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ayan De
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sharmistha Majumder
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jagyashila Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - Kunal Kanti Majumdar
- Department of Community Medicine, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Tang GT, Elakis J, Scardamaglia L. Cutaneous manifestations and treatment of arsenic toxicity: A systematic review. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023. [PMID: 37538334 PMCID: PMC10395639 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous and systemic signs of acute and chronic arsenic poisoning may be vague. Thus, an awareness of these signs is crucial to prevent late or missed diagnoses. This is especially true in non-endemic countries where individuals may present decades after exposure, or may still be ingesting arsenic via a non-classical exposure. Existing literature emphasizes several well-known cutaneous presentations of arsenic toxicity while ignoring the complete clinical spectrum, including several rare tumours of relevance to the dermatologist. This study aims to review the existing literature on dermatological presentations of arsenic toxicity and their management in adults.
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Nilkarnjanakul W, Watchalayann P, Chotpantarat S. Urinary arsenic and health risk of the residents association in contaminated-groundwater area of the urbanized coastal aquifer, Thailand. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137313. [PMID: 36414032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Determining of arsenic (As) exposure was conducted in 110 residents which divided into two groups using the WHO guidelines for As in drinking water of 10 μg/L. Moreover, questionnaires with face-to-face interviews were used to make a health risk assessment and to determine the associated factors. The median of As in urine was 61.33 μg/L (5.38-600.86 μg/L), accounting for 68.18% of participants who exposed to the contaminated groundwater had obviously high urinary As levels, exceeded the normal value of 50 μg/L of As, as set by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The major factor affecting As in urine was the As contaminated groundwater. Pearson's chi-squared test showed that the urinary As level was influenced on the different groups of As level in groundwater (p-value <0.001). Multiple linear regression confirmed that the actual risk factors of As in urine were the As level in groundwater and the oral exposure route but not the dermal contact. Meanwhile binary logistic regression revealed that all socio-demographic factors were not influenced. Approximately 45.45% of the area had the HI above the risk level of 1, mostly via groundwater drinking pathway. The estimated total cancer risk values, 5.11 × 10-6 to 2.08 × 10-3, were higher than the safe level of 10-6. For long-term exposure, the As concentration and exposure duration were the most variables influencing health risk level. This finding suggests that chronic As exposure should be monitored and also the groundwater should be improved to provide the safe drinking water for the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiyada Nilkarnjanakul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand.
| | - Pensri Watchalayann
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand.
| | - Srilert Chotpantarat
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand.
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Khatun M, Siddique AE, Wahed AS, Haque N, Tony SR, Islam J, Alam S, Sarker MK, Kabir I, Hossain S, Sumi D, Saud ZA, Barchowsky A, Himeno S, Hossain K. Association between serum periostin levels and the severity of arsenic-induced skin lesions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279893. [PMID: 36598904 PMCID: PMC9812306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent environmental toxicant and human carcinogen. Skin lesions are the most common manifestations of chronic exposure to arsenic. Advanced-stage skin lesions, particularly hyperkeratosis have been recognized as precancerous diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced skin lesions remains unknown. Periostin, a matricellular protein, is implicated in the pathogenesis of many forms of skin lesions. The objective of this study was to examine whether periostin is associated with arsenic-induced skin lesions. A total of 442 individuals from low- (n = 123) and high-arsenic exposure areas (n = 319) in rural Bangladesh were evaluated for the presence of arsenic-induced skin lesions (Yes/No). Participants with skin lesions were further categorized into two groups: early-stage skin lesions (melanosis and keratosis) and advanced-stage skin lesions (hyperkeratosis). Drinking water, hair, and nail arsenic concentrations were considered as the participants' exposure levels. The higher levels of arsenic and serum periostin were significantly associated with skin lesions. Causal mediation analysis revealed the significant effect of arsenic on skin lesions through the mediator, periostin, suggesting that periostin contributes to the development of skin lesions. When skin lesion was used as a three-category outcome (none, early-stage, and advanced-stage skin lesions), higher serum periostin levels were significantly associated with both early-stage and advanced-stage skin lesions. Median (IQR) periostin levels were progressively increased with the increasing severity of skin lesions. Furthermore, there were general trends in increasing serum type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels with the progression of the disease. The median (IQR) of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, and IgE levels were significantly higher in the early-and advanced-stage skin lesions compared to the group of participants without skin lesions. The results of this study suggest that periostin is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of arsenic-induced skin lesions through the dysregulation of type 2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriom Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Eabrahim Siddique
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Abdus S. Wahed
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Selim Reza Tony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Jahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnur Alam
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Daigo Sumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- Division of Health Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Banerjee S, Dhar S, Sudarshan M, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharjee P. Investigating the synergistic role of heavy metals in Arsenic-induced skin lesions in West Bengal, India. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127103. [PMID: 36435151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic toxicity is one of the major health issues throughout the world. Approximately 108 countries that account for more than 230 million people worldwide are at high risk of arsenic poisoning mainly through drinking water and diet. Chronic exposure to arsenic causes several pathophysiological end-points including skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy, cancer, etc. In India, the population living in the lower Gangetic basin possesses a great risk of arsenicosis and other diseases. Scientists are trying to understand the gene-environmental interactions behind arsenic toxicity revealing the potential role of genetic variants of individuals. Few pieces of the literature showed that the population is not exposed to a mixture of metals. Hence, in this study, an attempt has been made to explore whether some other metals play a synergistic role in As-induced toxicity. METHODS For this, an assessment of the level of heavy metals using ED-XRF in soil, vegetables from As-exposed areas along with quantification of the heavy metal concentration in human blood and hair of the As-exposed population were conducted. RESULTS Results show the concentration of urinary arsenic is very high signifying the magnitude of the exposure. In addition to this, the levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) were found to be very high in soil and Fe, manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) in vegetables were exceeding the WHO/FAO recommended permissible limit. However, Fe and zinc (Zn) were predominantly high in whole blood and hair of the arsenic-exposed population when compared with the control population. CONCLUSION It can be confirmed that the population from Murshidabad is exposed to As and other heavy metals through drinking water as well as food. Particularly for this population, Fe, Zn and rubidium (Rb) may play a synergistic role in arsenic-induced toxicity. However, further studies on the large population-based investigation are required to establish the chemistry of the metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvam Banerjee
- Environmental epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India; UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Center, Sector-III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrinjana Dhar
- Environmental epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - M Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Center, Sector-III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Center, Sector-III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Environmental epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Hassan MA, Xu T, Tian Y, Zhong Y, Ali FAZ, Yang X, Lu B. Health benefits and phenolic compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153771. [PMID: 34700271 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) is native to India and is a cash crop widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The health improving properties of MO has been studied from a long time ago for the numerous phenolic compounds, including vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in considerable amounts in the plant. A growing spectrum of therapeutic characteristics of MO leaves has been found and used in the remission or treatment of oxidative stress, liver disease, neurological disease, hyperglycemia and cancer. HYPOTHESIS This review focused on researches applying MO or MO leaf extract as a functional food or cure against various disease and cellular injuries. We believed it would help the discovery of therapeutic application of MO and understanding of MO phytochemistry. METHODS The data collected in this review were extracted from researches indexed in Web of Science, google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus to find out health benefits and biological activities of MO leaves polyphenols. The studies reporting mechanistic route of phenolic compounds of MO leaves were also considered in the present study. RESULTS It has been reported that polyphenols of MO leaf have protective characteristics against neurodegenerative disorders through reducing DNA damage, activation of AchE activity and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. It has been reported that, they protected the kidney from damage caused by melamine through suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Similarly, methanol extract of MO leaves has low hypoglycemic attributes and attenuate the risk of diabetes caused by alloxan by enhancing lipid metabolism and stimulating insulin release, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthesis. In addition, MO leaves are becoming the best phytomedicine to reduce hypertension, which are naturally known as angiotensin-1converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase, arginase and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. CONCLUSION MO leaves extract as a health promoting food additives for human and animals due to its great protective effect against many diseases and the widely persistent environmental toxins which disrupted cellular metabolic function. More studies are required to use the phenolic compounds of MO leaves to develop and produce drugs for controlling and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University - Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Bundschuh J, Schneider J, Alam MA, Niazi NK, Herath I, Parvez F, Tomaszewska B, Guilherme LRG, Maity JP, López DL, Cirelli AF, Pérez-Carrera A, Morales-Simfors N, Alarcón-Herrera MT, Baisch P, Mohan D, Mukherjee A. Seven potential sources of arsenic pollution in Latin America and their environmental and health impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146274. [PMID: 34030289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a holistic overview of the occurrence, mobilization, and pathways of arsenic (As) from predominantly geogenic sources into different near-surface environmental compartments, together with the respective reported or potential impacts on human health in Latin America. The main sources and pathways of As pollution in this region include: (i) volcanism and geothermalism: (a) volcanic rocks, fluids (e.g., gases) and ash, including large-scale transport of the latter through different mechanisms, (b) geothermal fluids and their exploitation; (ii) natural lixiviation and accelerated mobilization from (mostly sulfidic) metal ore deposits by mining and related activities; (iii) coal deposits and their exploitation; (iv) hydrocarbon reservoirs and co-produced water during exploitation; (v) solute and sediment transport through rivers to the sea; (vi) atmospheric As (dust and aerosol); and (vii) As exposure through geophagy and involuntary ingestion. The two most important and well-recognized sources and mechanisms for As release into the Latin American population's environments are: (i) volcanism and geothermalism, and (ii) strongly accelerated As release from geogenic sources by mining and related activities. Several new analyses from As-endemic areas of Latin America emphasize that As-related mortality and morbidity continue to rise even after decadal efforts towards lowering As exposure. Several public health regulatory institutions have classified As and its compounds as carcinogenic chemicals, as As uptake can affect several organ systems, viz. dermal, gastrointestinal, peptic, neurological, respiratory, reproductive, following exposure. Accordingly, ingesting large amounts of As can damage the stomach, kidneys, liver, heart, and nervous system; and, in severe cases, may cause death. Moreover, breathing air with high As levels can cause lung damage, shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. Further, As compounds, being corrosive, can also cause skin lesions or damage eyes, and long-term exposure to As can lead to cancer development in several organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Bundschuh
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jerusa Schneider
- Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, 13083-855 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, João Rosa Góes St., 1761, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Ayaz Alam
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Región de Atacama, Chile
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Indika Herath
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 60 Haven Ave, B-1, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barbara Tomaszewska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Dina L López
- Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alicia Fernández Cirelli
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (UBA-CONICET), Centro de Estudios, Transdiciplinarios del Agua (UBA), Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Alejo Pérez-Carrera
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Centro de Estudios Transdiciplinarios del Agua (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (UBA-CONICET), Cátedra de Química Orgánica de Biomoléculas, Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Nury Morales-Simfors
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division ICT-RISE SICS East, Linköping SE-581.83, Sweden
| | - Maria Teresa Alarcón-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Sustentable, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados SC Unidad Durango, C. CIMAV # 110, Ejido Arroyo Seco, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Paulo Baisch
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Campus Carreiros, CP 474, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Chandio TA, Khan MN, Muhammad MT, Yalcinkaya O, Wasim AA, Kayis AF. Fluoride and arsenic contamination in drinking water due to mining activities and its impact on local area population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2355-2368. [PMID: 32880840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water reservoirs is a serious health issue in the Sibi district, Balochistan, Pakistan. The contamination has already been affecting a large population of the district. Dental fluorosis and dermatitis are the most common reported illnesses in the area. This study focused on the evaluation of the root causes and pathway by which it reached to the body. Questioner analysis, simple examination, and pictorial representation were used to study the prevalence of diseases caused by As and F. People of the Sibi district were found to consume both surface and groundwater, which were highly contaminated with arsenic and fluoride. The saturation index, ranging from 1 to 7, showed high enrichment of contaminants in both types of water. Geochemical calculations and the sodium absorption ratio were evaluated. High values of the saturation index of different salts showed high saturation of salts in water. The principal component analysis grouped the data into three clusters, showing that the surface water has no resemblance with the control water. High degree of contamination was observed for most of the samples, whereas, some samples of ground water were closed to the control group; a group of samples within WHO limits. The correlation studies and other calculations also revealed that the F and As reached lethal limits in the drinking water and thus caused severe health damage to the local area population. The diseases found in the area are fluorosis, keratosis, dermatitis, and melanosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasawar Ali Chandio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Maria Taj Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ozcan Yalcinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Agha Arslan Wasim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmet Furkan Kayis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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Xue X, Luo M, Rao H, Xue Z, Wang B, Liu X, Lu X. Enhanced Thermometric Sensor for Arsenate Analysis Based on Dual Temperature Readout Signaling Strategy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4672-4680. [PMID: 32090547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New methods for portable detection of arsenate are still in urgent need. Herein, we explored a simple but sensitive thermometric strategy for arsenate determination without complex instruments and skilled technicians. Cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanoflakes, can ingeniously decompose hydrogen peroxide into oxygen in a sealed reaction vessel, accompanied by marked pressure and significant temperature increase due to the exothermic reaction effect (ΔH = -98.2 kJ/mol). The increased pressure then compelled a certain amount of H2O overflowing from the drainage device into another vessel, leading to a significant temperature decrease due to the preloaded ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and its good dissolution endothermic effect (ΔH = 25.4 kJ/mol). In the presence of arsenate, the catalytic activity of CoOOH nanoflakes for H2O2 decomposition was inhibited dramatically, resulting in an obvious decrease of the pressure, weighting water and temperature response. The two temperature responses with increasing and decreasing feature were easily measured through a common thermometer, and exhibited an effective signaling amplification via coupling both "signal-on" and "signal-off" temperature readout elements. The obtained dual superimposing temperature readout exhibits a good linear with the concentration of arsenate with a lower detection limit (51 nM, 3.8 ppb). Compared to the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, this enhanced thermometric strategy provides a simple, rapid, convenient, low cost, and portable platform for sensing arsenate in real environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 (China)
| | - Mingyue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 (China)
| | - Honghong Rao
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070 (China)
| | - Zhonghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 (China)
| | - Baodui Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 (China)
| | - Xiuhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 (China)
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 (China)
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Singh A, Girish Gowda R, Trivedi DR. Substituent effect on colorimetric detection of biologically and environmentally relevant anions: Insight in real-life applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 219:517-529. [PMID: 31078819 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new set of chromogenic anion receptors R1-R4 have been synthesized with a different substituent, including electron withdrawing (nitro moiety in R1), conjugated group (naphthyl in R2), and electron donating (methyl in R3), respectively. The receptors R1-R4 exhibited very good sensitivity towards the F- and AcO- anions in the DMSO. In addition, R1 showed selectivity towards H2PO4- ions over other tested anions. R1 especially acted as an effective sensor for sodium salts of F-, AcO-, AsO2-, and AsO42- ions in an aqueous medium due to the presence of two electron-withdrawing nitro substituents, which showed hydrogen bond donor tendency and acidity of the OH proton. This result indicates that R1 is highly capable of competing with an aqueous medium to detect anions without counter Na+ ion interference. Interestingly, R1 displays solvatochromic property in the presence of AcO- ions in different aprotic solvents. Additionally, the receptor R1 shows high binding affinity towards AcO- ions in the buffer medium (DMSO: HEPES, 9:1 v/v), which displayed remarkable colour change from pale yellow to blue with a large ∆λred shift of 170 nm. The CV studies reveal the deprotonation of the -NH proton upon interaction with the AcO- ions. The receptor R1 is subjected to practical application to sense F- and AsO2- ions using the test strip. In addition, the receptor R1 proves itself as a potential applicant for the detection of F- ions quantitatively in commercially available mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, 575 025, Karnataka, India
| | - R Girish Gowda
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, 575 025, Karnataka, India; Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous), Ujire, 574240, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshak R Trivedi
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, 575 025, Karnataka, India.
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Kazi TG, Brahman KD, Baig JA, Afridi HI. Bioaccumulation of arsenic and fluoride in vegetables from growing media: health risk assessment among different age groups. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1223-1234. [PMID: 30392056 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) concentrations in growing media (stored rainwater and soil), of district Tharparkar, Pakistan. The bioaccumulation/transportation of As and F from growing media to different types of vegetables (wild cucumis, Indian squish and cluster bean) was evaluated. Total concentrations of As and F- in stored rainwater samples were observed up to 585 μg/L and 32.4 mg/L, respectively, exceeding many folds higher than WHO provisional guideline values. The As and F- contents in soil samples of nine agricultural sites were found in the range of 121-254 mg/kg and 115-478 mg/kg, respectively. The highest contents of As and F- were observed in wild cucumis as compared to Indian squish and cluster bean (p < 0.05), grown in the same agricultural field. The bioaccumulation factors of As and F- were to be > 4.00, indicating the high rate of transportation of As and F- from growing media to vegetables. A significant positive correlation of As and F- in vegetables with their concentrations in soil and water was observed (r > 0.60 with p < 0.05). The risk assessment elucidated that the population of different age group consuming local vegetables and drinking water contaminated with As and F- may have adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem G Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Kapil D Brahman
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel A Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan I Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, 76080, Pakistan
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Baig JA, Bhatti S, Kazi TG, Afridi HI. Evaluation of Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Lead in Common Spices in Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:586-595. [PMID: 29882119 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative assessments and daily intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were conducted in the 26 common spices collected from the market of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Conventional acid digestion procedure was applied for dissolution of common spices and the contents of toxic elemental were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The conventional acid digestion method was validated by certified reference materials and standard addition. A wide variability was observed in the levels of toxic elements in common spices. The toxic elements in common spices were found in decreasing order as Ni > Pb > As > Cd. The contents of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in common spices were observed highest in coriander seed, allspices, nigella seed and black cumin seed, respectively. The current study revealed that the toxic elements in common spices were varied from region to region. However, the estimated intake of As, Cd, Ni and Pb from common spices were within the WHO tolerable weekly intake. The data of risk assessment indicated that As, Cd, Ni, and Pb in common spices may not have any toxic risk except the As in carom, coriander and nigella seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Saba Bhatti
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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Akram Z, Jalali S, Kalsoom O, Batool S, Shami SA. A study on the effects of arsenic toxicity on oviduct histomorphology in the female rat. J Histotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2018.1484330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zertashia Akram
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Jalali
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ommia Kalsoom
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Aslam Shami
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Rahman ML, Valeri L, Kile ML, Mazumdar M, Mostofa G, Qamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Baccarelli A, Liang L, Hauser R, Christiani DC. Investigating causal relation between prenatal arsenic exposure and birthweight: Are smaller infants more susceptible? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 108:32-40. [PMID: 28787626 PMCID: PMC5623127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortening of gestation and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are the two main determinants of birthweight. Low birthweight has been linked with prenatal arsenic exposure, but the causal relation between arsenic and birthweight is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We applied a quantile causal mediation analysis approach to determine the association between prenatal arsenic exposure and birthweight in relation to shortening of gestation and IUGR, and whether the susceptibility of arsenic exposure varies by infant birth sizes. METHODS In a longitudinal birth cohort in Bangladesh, we measured arsenic in drinking water (n=1182) collected at enrollment and maternal toenails (n=1104) collected ≤1-month postpartum using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Gestational age was determined using ultrasound at ≤16weeks' gestation. Demographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Of 1184 singleton livebirths, 16.4% (n=194) were low birthweight (<2500g), 21.9% (n=259) preterm (<37weeks' gestation), and 9.2% (n=109) both low birthweight and preterm. The median concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and maternal toenails were 2.2μg/L (range: below the level of detection [LOD]-1400) and 1.2μg/g (range: <LOD-46.6), respectively. Prenatal arsenic exposure was negatively associated with birthweight, where the magnitude of the association varied across birthweight percentiles. The effect of arsenic on birthweight mediated via shortening of gestation affected all infants irrespective of birth sizes (β range: 10th percentile=-19.7g [95% CI: -26.7, -13.3] to 90th percentile=-10.9g [95% CI: -18.5, -5.9] per natural log water arsenic increase), whereas the effect via pathways independent of gestational age affected only the smaller infants (β range: 10th percentile=-28.0g [95% CI: -43.8, -9.9] to 20th percentile=-14.9g [95% CI: -30.3, -1.7] per natural log water arsenic increase). Similar pattern was observed for maternal toenail arsenic. CONCLUSIONS The susceptibility of prenatal arsenic exposure varied by infant birth sizes, placing smaller infants at greater risk of lower birthweight by shortening of gestation and possibly growth restriction. It is important to mitigate prenatal arsenic exposure to improve perinatal outcomes in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad L Rahman
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Valeri
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly L Kile
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chakraborti D, Das B, Rahman MM, Nayak B, Pal A, Sengupta MK, Ahamed S, Hossain MA, Chowdhury UK, Biswas BK, Saha KC, Dutta RN. Arsenic in groundwater of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), India: Critical review and modes of mitigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:437-447. [PMID: 28419957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first comprehensive report of groundwater arsenic contamination status in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). During the past 23 years, 4210 groundwater samples were analysed from all 141 wards in the KMC: 14.2% and 5.2% samples had arsenic >10 μg/l and >50 μg/l, respectively, representing 77 and 37 wards. The study shows that the number of arsenic contaminated samples (and wards) in the southern part of the KMC exceeds that of other parts of the city. The daily intake of arsenic from drinking water was estimated as 0.95 μg per kg bw and the cancer risk was estimated as 1425/106. Analyses of biological samples (hair, nail and urine) showed elevated concentrations of arsenic indicating the presence of subclinical arsenic poisoning, predicting an enhanced lifetime cancer risk for the population in southern part of the KMC. In the KMC, groundwater is not a sustainable source of freshwater due to arsenic, high iron, hardness and total dissolved solids. Its continued use is impelled by the lack of an adequate infrastructure to treat and supply surface water and in some wards the unaccounted for water (UFW) is even >45% incurred during distribution. The rare imposition of a water tax makes the water supply systems unsustainable and fosters indifference to water conservation. To mitigate the arsenic problem, continuous groundwater monitoring for pollutants, a treated surface water supply with strict policy implications, rainwater harvesting in the urban areas and introduction of water taxes seem to be long-term visible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Chakraborti
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India; Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Chemical Engineering (SCALE), VIT-University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Faculty of Science, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, New South Wales, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bishwajit Nayak
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Arup Pal
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mrinal K Sengupta
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sad Ahamed
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Md Amir Hossain
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Uttam K Chowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Bhajan Kumar Biswas
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | - R N Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
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17
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Zubair M, Martyniuk CJ, Shaheen A. Rising level of arsenic in water and fodder: a growing threat to livestock and human populations in Pakistan. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1348360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Christopher Joseph Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aqeela Shaheen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Rawalakot, Pakistan
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18
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Chakraborti D, Rahman MM, Chatterjee A, Das D, Das B, Nayak B, Pal A, Chowdhury UK, Ahmed S, Biswas BK, Sengupta MK, Lodh D, Samanta G, Chakraborty S, Roy MM, Dutta RN, Saha KC, Mukherjee SC, Pati S, Kar PB. Fate of over 480 million inhabitants living in arsenic and fluoride endemic Indian districts: Magnitude, health, socio-economic effects and mitigation approaches. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:33-45. [PMID: 27238728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During our last 27 years of field survey in India, we have studied the magnitude of groundwater arsenic and fluoride contamination and its resulting health effects from numerous states. India is the worst groundwater fluoride and arsenic affected country in the world. Fluoride results the most prevalent groundwater related diseases in India. Out of a total 29 states in India, groundwater of 20 states is fluoride affected. Total population of fluoride endemic 201 districts of India is 411 million (40% of Indian population) and more than 66 million people are estimated to be suffering from fluorosis including 6 million children below 14 years of age. Fluoride may cause a crippling disease. In 6 states of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain (GB-Plain), 70.4 million people are potentially at risk from groundwater arsenic toxicity. Three additional states in the non GB-Plain are mildly arsenic affected. For arsenic with substantial cumulative exposure can aggravate the risk of cancers along with various other diseases. Clinical effects of fluoride includes abnormal tooth enamel in children; adults had joint pain and deformity of the limbs, spine etc. The affected population chronically exposed to arsenic and fluoride from groundwater is in danger and there is no available medicine for those suffering from the toxicity. Arsenic and fluoride safe water and nutritious food are suggested to prevent further aggravation of toxicity. The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that social problems arising from arsenic and fluoride toxicity eventually create pressure on the economy of the affected areas. In arsenic and fluoride affected areas in India, crisis is not always having too little safe water to satisfy our need, it is the crisis of managing the water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Amit Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipankar Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Chemical Engineering (SCALE), VIT-University, Vellore, India
| | - Biswajit Nayak
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arup Pal
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sad Ahmed
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Dilip Lodh
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Gautam Samanta
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - M M Roy
- Retired Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Rathindra Nath Dutta
- Retired Professor Department of Dermatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Shyamapada Pati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Probir Bijoy Kar
- Surgical Oncologist, Barasat Cancer Research and Welfare Centre, Kolkata, India
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19
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Rahman A, Kumarathasan P, Gomes J. Infant and mother related outcomes from exposure to metals with endocrine disrupting properties during pregnancy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1022-1031. [PMID: 27378155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-related adverse health effects from exposure to heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury are yet to be adequately described. The purpose of this review was to gain insight into maternal exposure to heavy metals, and to identify potential endocrine-related adverse health effects in the mother and the infant. METHODS Relevant databases were searched for original research reports and a total of 46 articles were retained for scrutiny. Required data was extracted from these studies and their methodology was assessed. RESULTS Impaired fetal growth was observed from exposure to all endocrine disrupting metals, while exposure to lead and arsenic were associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal deaths. Maternal exposure to arsenic was associated with impaired glucose tolerance in these mothers. CONCLUSION Impaired fetal growth, fetal loss, and neonatal deaths were significantly associated with heavy metals exposure during pregnancy; however, hypertension and gestational diabetes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rahman
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P Kumarathasan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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20
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Baig JA, Kazi TG, Mustafa MA, Solangi IB, Mughal MJ, Afridi HI. Arsenic Exposure in Children through Drinking Water in Different Districts of Sindh, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:35-46. [PMID: 26852127 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cross sectional study has been conducted during 2007-2010 for the assessment of arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water, and its impact on the health of local public belongs to five districts of Sindh, Pakistan. The toxic risk assessment of As in different areas of Sindh province based upon its concentration in drinking water and scalp hair of boys and girls of age group 5-10 and 11-15 years. The total and inorganic As species in drinking water samples of four districts Hyderabad, Sukkur, Naushehro Firoze, Nawab shah, and Dadu were determined by advance pre-concentration methodologies. The resulting data indicated that the dominant inorganic As species in municipal treated (Hyaderabad) and hand pumps (Sukkur, Naushehro Firoze, Nawab shah and Dadu) water samples were arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)), respectively. The total As concentrations in hand pumps water samples of Dadu district were 6.0- to 35-fold higher than the World Health Organization permissible limit of (10 μg/L) for drinking water. Whereas, total As in hand pump water samples of Sukkur, Naushehro Firoze, and Nawab shah were found in the range of 26.0-98.2, 18.0-50.6, and 52.3-85.2 μg/L, respectively. However, municipal treated water samples of Hyderabad were within recommended level (As <10 μg/L). The content of total As in children of both genders and age group belonging to Sukkur, Naushehro Firoze, Nawab shah, and Dadu was found to be significantly high as compared to those children residing in Hyderabad district. The Pearson coefficient of correlation r values between As levels in hand pump water and scalp hair samples of children belonging to Sukkur, Naushehro Firoze, Nawab shah, and Dadu were observed in the range of 0.65-0.75, 0.75-0.82, 0.80-0.90, and 0.95-0.98, respectively. The results of As toxicity risk assessment based on hazard quotient indicated that Dadu district has high carcinogenic exposure risk for children. Moreover, it is concluded that the children consuming groundwater of Sukkur, Naushehro Firoze, Nawab shah, and Dadu districts of Sindh, Pakistan were at risk of chronic As toxicity in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Mustafa
- PMRC Specialized Research Centre on Child Health, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan
| | - Imam Bakhsh Solangi
- Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Junaid Mughal
- Paediatric Department, Peoples University Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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Brahman KD, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Arain SS, Kazi AG, Talpur FN, Baig JA, Panhwar AH, Arain MS, Ali J, Arain MB. Toxic Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Males Through Drinking Water in Tharparkar Region of Sindh, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:61-71. [PMID: 26606915 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to arsenic (As) through air, drinking water, and food. The arsenic (As) hazardous quotient was calculated on the basis of its concentration in drinking water of different origin and scalp hair of male subjects (n = 313), residents of different exposed and non-exposed areas of Sindh, Pakistan. The total As was determined in water and scalp hair samples, while As species were determined in water samples by advance extraction methodologies. The total As concentrations in drinking water of less-exposed (LE) and high-exposed (HE) areas was found to be 2.63 to 4.46 and 52 to 235, fold higher than the permissible limit, respectively, than recommended by World Health Organization (2004) for drinking water. While the levels of As in drinking water of non-exposed (NE) areas was within the permissible limit. The resulted data indicated that the dominant species was As(+5) in groundwater samples. The levels of As in scalp hair samples of male subjects of two age groups (18-30 and 31-50 years), belonging to NE, LE, and HE areas, ranged from 0.26 to 0.69, 0.58 to 1.34, and 15.6 to 60.9 μg/g, respectively. A significant correlation between As levels in drinking water and scalp hair was observed in HE area (r = 0.86-0.90, p < 0.001) as compared to those subjects belonging to LE area. A toxicity risk assessment was calculated as hazard quotient (HQ), which indicates that the study subjects of HE area have significantly higher values of HQ than LE. The population of As exposed areas is at high risk of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenesis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Brahman
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Sadia Arain
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Atif Gul Kazi
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem Panhwar
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Shezadi Arain
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Balal Arain
- Chemistry Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Chakraborti D, Rahman MM, Ahamed S, Dutta RN, Pati S, Mukherjee SC. Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in Patna district (capital of Bihar) in the middle Ganga plain, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:520-529. [PMID: 27011321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the extent and severity of groundwater arsenic (As) contamination in five blocks in Patna district, Bihar, India along with As in biological samples and its health effects such as dermatological, neurological and obstetric outcome in some villages. We collected 1365 hand tube-well water samples and analyzed for As by the flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometer (FI-HG-AAS). We found 61% and 44% of the tube-wells had As above 10 and 50 μg/l, respectively, with maximum concentration of 1466 μg/l. Our medical team examined 712 villagers and registered 69 (9.7%) with arsenical skin lesions. Arsenical skin lesions were also observed in 9 children of 312 screened. We analyzed 176 biological samples (hair, nail and urine). Out of these, 69 people had arsenical skin lesions and rest without skin lesions. We found 100% of the biological samples had As above the normal levels (concentrations of As in hair, nail and urine of unexposed individuals usually ranges from 20 to 200 μg/kg, 20-500 μg/kg and <100 μg/l, respectively), indicating many people are sub-clinically affected. Arsenical neuropathy was observed in 40.5% of 37 arsenicosis patients with 73.3% prevalence for predominant sensory neuropathy and 26.7% for sensor-motor. Among patients, different clinical and electrophysiological neurological features and abnormal quantitative sensory perception thresholds were also noted. The study also found that As exposed women with severe skin lesions had adversely affected their pregnancies. People including children in the affected areas are in danger. To combat As situation in affected areas, villagers urgently need (a) provision of As-safe water for drinking and cooking, (b) awareness about the danger of As toxicity, and (c) nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Chakraborti
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, New South Wales, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sad Ahamed
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Rathindra Nath Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Shyamapada Pati
- Kolkata National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Davis HT, Aelion CM, Liu J, Burch JB, Cai B, Lawson AB, McDermott S. Potential sources and racial disparities in the residential distribution of soil arsenic and lead among pregnant women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:622-30. [PMID: 26897405 PMCID: PMC4808624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) or lead (Pb) has been associated with adverse health outcomes, and high-risk populations can be disproportionately exposed to these metals in soils. The objectives of this study were: to examine if predicted soil As and Pb concentrations at maternal residences of South Carolina (SC) low-income mothers differed based on maternal race (non-Hispanic black versus white), to examine whether differences in predicted residential soil As and Pb concentrations among black and white mothers differed by socioeconomic status (SES), and to examine whether such disparities persisted after controlling for anthropogenic sources of these metals, including direction from, and distance to industrial facilities. Kriged soil As and Pb concentrations were estimated at maternal residences in 11 locations in SC, and models with maternal race and individual and US Census block group level SES measures were examined. US Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facility As and Pb releases categorized by distance and direction to block groups in which mothers resided were also identified, as were proxy measures for historic use of leaded gasoline (road density) and Pb-based paint (categories of median year home built by US Census block group). Consistent racial disparities were observed for predicted residential soil As and Pb concentrations, and the disparity was stronger for Pb than As (betas from adjusted models for black mothers were 0.12 and 2.2 for As and Pb, respectively, all p<0.006). Higher road density and older homes in block groups were more closely associated with higher predicted soil As and Pb concentrations than on-site releases of As and Pb categorized by facility location. These findings suggest that non-Hispanic black mothers in this study population had elevated residential As and Pb soil concentrations, after adjusting for SES, and that soil As and Pb concentrations were not associated with recent industrial releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harley T Davis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - C Marjorie Aelion
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 715 No. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James B Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Suzanne McDermott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Chakraborti D, Rahman MM, Ahamed S, Dutta RN, Pati S, Mukherjee SC. Arsenic contamination of groundwater and its induced health effects in Shahpur block, Bhojpur district, Bihar state, India: risk evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9492-9504. [PMID: 26838039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of groundwater arsenic contamination in Shahpur block of Bhojpur district, Bihar state, India and its health effects such as dermal, neurological, obstetric effects, and cancer risk. The School of Environmental Studies (SOES) collected 4704 tube-well water samples from all 88 villages of Shahpur, which were analyzed for arsenic. We found 40.3 and 21.1 % of the tube-wells had arsenic above 10 and 50 μg/l, respectively, with maximum concentration of 1805 μg/l. The study shows that 75,000, 39,000, and 10,000 people could be exposed to arsenic-contaminated water greater than 10, 50, and 300 μg/l, respectively. Our medical team examined 1422 villagers from Shahpur and registered 161 (prevalence rate, 11.3 %) with arsenical skin lesions. Arsenical skin lesions were also observed in 29 children of 525 screened. We analyzed 579 biological samples (hair, nail, and urine) from Shahpur and found that 82, 89, and 91 % of hair, nail, and urine, respectively, had arsenic above the normal levels, indicating many people in the study area are sub-clinically affected. Arsenical neuropathy was observed in 48 % of 102 arsenicosis patients. The study also found that arsenic exposed women with severe skin lesions had adversely affected their pregnancies. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were also estimated based on the generated data. Safe drinking water supply is urgently required to combat arsenic situation in affected villages of Shahpur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Chakraborti
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sad Ahamed
- School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Rathindra Nath Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Shyamapada Pati
- Kolkata National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
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25
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Andersen ZJ, Sram RJ, Ščasný M, Gurzau ES, Fucic A, Gribaldo L, Rossner P, Rossnerova A, Kohlová MB, Máca V, Zvěřinová I, Gajdosova D, Moshammer H, Rudnai P, Knudsen LE. Newborns health in the Danube Region: Environment, biomonitoring, interventions and economic benefits in a large prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:112-122. [PMID: 26735349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EU strategy for the Danube Region addresses numerous challenges including environment, health and socioeconomic disparities. Many old environmental burdens and heavily polluted areas in Europe are located in the Danube Region, consisting of 14 countries, with over 100 million people. Estimating the burden of environmental exposures on early-life health is a growing research area in Europe which has major public health implications, but the data from the Danube Region are largely missing. AIM This review presents an inventory of current environmental challenges, related early-life health risks, and knowledge gaps in the Danube Region, based on publicly available databases, registers, and literature, as a rationale and incentive for a new integrated project. The review also proposes the concept for the project aiming to characterize in utero exposures to multiple environmental factors and estimate their effect on early-life health, evaluate economic impact, as well as identify interventions with a potential to harness social norms to reduce emissions, exposures and health risks in the Danube Region. METHODS Experts in environmental epidemiology, human biomonitoring and social science in collaboration with clinicians propose to establish a new large multi-center birth cohort of mother-child pairs from Danube countries, measure biomarkers of exposure and health in biological samples at birth, collect centrally measured climate, air and water pollution data, conduct pre- and postnatal surveys on lifestyle, indoor exposures, noise, occupation, socio-economic status, risk-averting behavior, and preferences; and undertake clinical examinations of children at and after birth. Birth cohort will include at least 2000 newborns per site, and a subset of at least 200 mother-child pairs per site for biomonitoring. Novel biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and effect will be applied, to gain better mechanistic insight. Effects of multiple environmental exposures on fetal and child growth, respiratory, allergic, immunologic, and neurodevelopmental health outcomes will be estimated. Parent's willingness to pay for reducing health risks in children will be elicited by survey, while values of cost-of-illness will be gathered from literature and national statistics. Effects of risk reducing interventions will be examined. CONCLUSIONS The proposed project would provide novel estimates of the burden of early childhood diseases attributable to environmental exposures and assess health impacts of different intervention scenarios in the Danube Region, in an integrated approach combining human biomonitoring, epidemiological and social science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Radim J Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AS CR Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Ščasný
- Charles University in Prague, Environment Center, Jose Martiho 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- The Environmental Health Center, Busuiocului 58, 400240 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| | - Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- EC DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, TP 260, Via E. Fermi, 2749 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AS CR Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AS CR Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Braun Kohlová
- Charles University in Prague, Environment Center, Jose Martiho 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Máca
- Charles University in Prague, Environment Center, Jose Martiho 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Zvěřinová
- Charles University in Prague, Environment Center, Jose Martiho 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Gajdosova
- Regional Public Health Authority, Ipelska 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Institut Umwelt-Hygiene, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Center for Public Health, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Brahman KD, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Baig JA, Arain SS, Talpur FN, Kazi AG, Ali J, Panhwar AH, Arain MB. Exposure of children to arsenic in drinking water in the Tharparkar region of Sindh, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:653-660. [PMID: 26674695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans can be exposed to arsenic (As) through air, drinking water, and food. The aim of this study was to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ) of As, based on its concentration in drinking water and the scalp hair of children (males) belonging to two age groups (5-10 and 11-14 years) who consumed water contaminated with different concentrations of As. The water samples were collected from As-exposed and nonexposed areas, which were classified as low-exposed (LE), high-exposed (HE), and nonexposed (NE) areas. The total concentration of inorganic As (iAs) and its species (As(III) and As(V)) in water samples of all selected areas was determined by advanced extraction methods. For purposes of comparison, the total As level was also determined in all water samples. The resulting data indicated that the predominant inorganic As species in groundwater samples was arsenate (As(V)). The As concentrations in drinking water of LE and HE areas were found to be 2.6-230-fold higher than the permissible limit for drinking water established by the World Health Organization (2004). However, the As levels in drinking water of the NE area was within the permissible limit (<10 μg/L). The As levels in the scalp hair samples from boys of NE, LE, and HE areas ranged from 0.16 to 0.36, 0.36 to 0.83, and 11.5 to 31.9 mg/kg, respectively. A significant, positive correlation was observed between the As levels in drinking water and scalp hair samples of children from the HE area, compared with the other two groups (p>0.01). The As toxicity risk assessment based on HQ for the NE, LE, and HE areas corresponded to <10, ≥ 10, and >10, respectively. These HQ values indicated the noncarcinogenic, less carcinogenic, and highly carcinogenic exposure risks faced by children from the NE, LE, and HE areas, respectively. It can be concluded that children consuming the groundwater of the LE (Khairpur Mir's) and HE (Tharparkar) areas of Pakistan are at a potential risk of chronic As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Brahman
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Sadia Arain
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Gul Kazi
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Haleem Panhwar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
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Bloom MS, Neamtiu IA, Surdu S, Pop C, Anastasiu D, Appleton AA, Fitzgerald EF, Gurzau ES. Low level arsenic contaminated water consumption and birth outcomes in Romania-An exploratory study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 59:8-16. [PMID: 26518419 PMCID: PMC4783180 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Women are exposed to drinking water with low arsenic concentrations (<10.0μg/L) worldwide, yet little work has been done to assess the risk. To begin to address this data gap, we conducted an exploratory study of birth outcomes in Timis County, Romania. We prospectively followed 122 women with singleton deliveries, for whom we constructed individual exposure indicators using self-reported water consumption weighted by arsenic measured in drinking water sources. There were no overall confounder-adjusted effects for arsenic exposure on birth outcomes. Yet, higher average arsenic (10μg/L) was associated with a -2.45 lower birth weight Z-score (P=0.021) and a -1.17 shorter birth length Z-score (P=0.029) among smokers. Higher average iAs (10μg/L) was also associated with smaller ponderal index in boys (P=0.023). Our results suggest smoking may potentiate an otherwise benign arsenic exposure. A larger, more definitive biomarker-based study is needed to investigate the potential risks in conjunction with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | | | - Simona Surdu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Cristian Pop
- Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doru Anastasiu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania; Gynecology Department of the Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Edward F Fitzgerald
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Quansah R, Armah FA, Essumang DK, Luginaah I, Clarke E, Marfoh K, Cobbina SJ, Nketiah-Amponsah E, Namujju PB, Obiri S, Dzodzomenyo M. Association of arsenic with adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:412-21. [PMID: 25626053 PMCID: PMC4421764 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic is one of the major global health problems, affecting > 300 million people worldwide, but arsenic's effects on human reproduction are uncertain. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between arsenic and adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality. METHODS We searched PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE (from 1946 through July 2013) and EMBASE (from 1988 through July 2013) databases and the reference lists of reviews and relevant articles. Studies satisfying our a priori eligibility criteria were evaluated independently by two authors. RESULTS Our systematic search yielded 888 articles; of these, 23 were included in the systematic review. Sixteen provided sufficient data for our quantitative analysis. Arsenic in groundwater (≥ 50 μg/L) was associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion (6 studies: OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.10), stillbirth (9 studies: OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.32, 2.36), moderate risk of neonatal mortality (5 studies: OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.78), and infant mortality (7 studies: OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.62). Exposure to environmental arsenic was associated with a significant reduction in birth weight (4 studies: β = -53.2 g; 95% CI: -94.9, -11.4). There was paucity of evidence for low-to-moderate arsenic dose. CONCLUSIONS Arsenic is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality. The interpretation of the causal association is hampered by methodological challenges and limited number of studies on dose response. Exposure to arsenic continues to be a major global health issue, and we therefore advocate for high-quality prospective studies that include individual-level data to quantify the impact of arsenic on adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Quansah
- Centre for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Of Oulu, Finland
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29
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Bloom MS, Neamtiu IA, Surdu S, Pop C, Lupsa IR, Anastasiu D, Fitzgerald EF, Gurzau ES. Consumption of low-moderate level arsenic contaminated water does not increase spontaneous pregnancy loss: a case control study. Environ Health 2014; 13:81. [PMID: 25311704 PMCID: PMC4216381 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work suggests an increased risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss linked to high levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water sources (>10 μg/L). However, there has been little focus to date on the impact of low-moderate levels of iAs in drinking water (<10 μg/L). To address this data gap we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Timis County, Romania. METHODS We recruited women with incident spontaneous pregnancy loss of 5-20 weeks completed gestation as cases (n = 150), and women with ongoing pregnancies matched by gestational age (±1 week) as controls (n = 150). Participants completed a physician-administered questionnaire and we collected water samples from residential drinking sources. We reconstructed residential drinking water exposure histories using questionnaire data weighted by iAs determined using hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Logistic regression models were used to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between iAs exposure and loss, conditioned on gestational age and adjusted for maternal age, cigarette smoking, education and prenatal vitamin use. We explored potential interactions in a second set of models. RESULTS Drinking water arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 175.1 μg/L, with median 0.4 μg/L and 90th%tile 9.4 μg/L. There were no statistically significant associations between loss and average or peak drinking water iAs concentrations (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.01), or for daily iAs intake (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98-1.02). We detected modest evidence for an interaction between average iAs concentration and cigarette smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.057) and for daily iAs exposure and prenatal vitamin use (P = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest no increased risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss in association with low to moderate level drinking water iAs exposure. Though imprecise, our data also raise the possibility for increased risk among cigarette smokers. Given the low exposures overall, these data should reassure pregnant women and policy makers with regard to the potential effect of drinking water iAs on early pregnancy, though a larger more definitive study to investigate the potential risk increase in conjunction with cigarette smoking is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | | | - Simona Surdu
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | - Cristian Pop
- />Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Doru Anastasiu
- />University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- />Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Edward F Fitzgerald
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- />Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- />University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sheikh A, Yeasmin F, Agarwal S, Rahman M, Islam K, Hossain E, Hossain S, Karim MR, Nikkon F, Saud ZA, Hossain K. Protective effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves against arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:S353-8. [PMID: 25183111 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.201414b44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective role of leaves of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam. against arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. METHODS Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. The first group was used as non-treated control group while, the second, third, and fourth groups were treated with M. oleifera leaves (50 mg/kg body weight per day), sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg body weight per day) and sodium arsenite plus M. oleifera leaves, respectively. Serum indices related to cardiac, liver and renal functions were analyzed to evaluate the protective effect of Moringa leaves on arsenic-induced effects in mice. RESULTS It revealed that food supplementation of M. oleifera leaves abrogated the arsenic-induced elevation of triglyceride, glucose, urea and the activities of alkaline phospatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum. M. oleifera leaves also prevented the arsenic-induced perturbation of serum butyryl cholinesterase activity, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the leaves of M. oleifera may be useful in reducing the effects of arsenic-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Fouzia Yeasmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Smita Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mashiur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Khairul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ekhtear Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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31
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Fabrisia A, Elke B, Donna S, Ricardo F, Bret G, Bridget D, Giovanna D, Alexandra R, Amin C, Yesica G, Aaron B. Arsenic induces sustained impairment of skeletal muscle and muscle progenitor cell ultrastructure and bioenergetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:64-73. [PMID: 24960579 PMCID: PMC4159748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over 4 million individuals in the United States, and over 140 million individuals worldwide, are exposed daily to arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Human exposures can range from below the current limit of 10 μg/L to over 1mg/L, with 100 μg/L promoting disease in a large portion of those exposed. Although increased attention has recently been paid to myopathy following arsenic exposure, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms remain poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that arsenic induces lasting muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impairs metabolism. Compared to nonexposed controls, mice exposed to drinking water containing 100 μg/L arsenite for 5 weeks demonstrated impaired muscle function, mitochondrial myopathy, and altered oxygen consumption that were concomitant with increased mitochondrial fusion gene transcription. There were no differences in the levels of inorganic arsenic or its monomethyl and dimethyl metabolites between controls and exposed muscles, confirming that arsenic does not accumulate in muscle. Nevertheless, muscle progenitor cells isolated from exposed mice recapitulated the aberrant myofiber phenotype and were more resistant to oxidative stress, generated more reactive oxygen species, and displayed autophagic mitochondrial morphology, compared to cells isolated from nonexposed mice. These pathological changes from a possible maladaptive oxidative stress response provide insight into declines in muscle functioning caused by exposure to this common environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrosio Fabrisia
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Brown Elke
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219,
| | - Stolz Donna
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA 15213,
| | - Ferrari Ricardo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,
| | - Goodpaster Bret
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
15213,
| | - Deasy Bridget
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213,
| | - Distefano Giovanna
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA, 15213,
| | - Roperti Alexandra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, 15213,
| | - Cheikhi Amin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219,
| | - Garciafigueroa Yesica
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219,
| | - Barchowsky Aaron
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219,
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32
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Brahman KD, Kazi TG, Baig JA, Afridi HI, Khan A, Arain SS, Arain MB. Fluoride and arsenic exposure through water and grain crops in Nagarparkar, Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 100:182-189. [PMID: 24342361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to simultaneously estimate the arsenic (As) and fluoride (F(-)) concentrations in irrigated surface water, soil and grain crops of Nagarparkar, Pakistan during 2010-2012. The As and F(-) were analyzed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometer and ion selective electrode, respectively. Total arsenic (As(T)) and F(-) in irrigated surface water samples were found in the range of 360-683 μg L(-1) and 18.5-35.4 mg L(-1), respectively. While As(T) and F(-) concentrations in agriculture soil samples were observed in the range of 110-266 and 125-566 mg kg(-1), respectively. The water extractable As and F(-) were found 3-4% of total concentration of these in soils. The As(T) concentration was higher in kidney been (KB) as compared to pearl millet (PM) and green gram (GG), whereas GG had higher F(-) levels as compared to other two grain crops (p<0.05). The KB samples grown in nine sites shows BCF of As in the range of 0.018-0.038. The GG has higher BCF of F(-) as compared to KB and PM (p<0.05) grown in all sites. The exposure dose and risk factor of As and F(-) were obtained by estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazardous index (HI). It was found that all understudy age groups were at the severe risk of arsenicosis and fluorosis, but the severity is higher in younger age group (7-15 years) as compared to elder groups (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil D Brahman
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem G Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jameel A Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan I Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf S Arain
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad B Arain
- Chemistry Department, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
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33
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Bloom MS, Surdu S, Neamtiu IA, Gurzau ES. Maternal arsenic exposure and birth outcomes: a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic literature focused on drinking water. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:709-19. [PMID: 24713268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human toxicant to which populations may be exposed through consumption of geogenically contaminated groundwater. A growing body of experimental literature corroborates the reproductive toxicity of iAs; however, the results of human studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiologic studies focused on drinking water iAs exposure and birth outcomes to assess the evidence for causality and to make recommendations for future study. We reviewed 18 English language papers assessing birth weight, gestational age, and birth size. Thirteen of the studies were conducted among populations with frequent exposure to high-level groundwater iAs contamination (>10 μg/L) and five studies were conducted in areas without recognized contamination. Most studies comprised small samples and used cross-sectional designs, often with ecologic exposure assessment strategies, although several large prospective investigations and studies with individual-level measurements were also reported. We conclude that: (1) the epidemiologic evidence for an increased risk of low birth weight (<2500 g) is insufficient, although there exists limited evidence for birth weight decreases; (2) the evidence for increased preterm delivery is insufficient; and, (3) there exists minimal evidence for decreased birth size. In further investigation of birth weight and size, we recommend incorporation of individual susceptibility measures using appropriate biomarkers, with collection timed to windows of vulnerability and speciated arsenic analysis, as well as consideration of populations exposed primarily to drinking water iAs contamination <10 μg/L. Given the large potential public health impact, additional, high quality epidemiologic studies are necessary to more definitively assess the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY USA.
| | - Simona Surdu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | | | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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34
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D'Amico AR, Gibson AW, Bain LJ. Embryonic arsenic exposure reduces the number of muscle fibers in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:196-204. [PMID: 24316437 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant of drinking water and has been correlated with adverse developmental outcomes such as low birth weight, reduced weight gain, and altered locomotor activity. Previous research has shown that killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to high arsenic levels during embryogenesis had smaller muscle fiber diameters. The current study was designed to determine whether changes in muscle fibers persisted, were exacerbated, or resolved over time. Killifish embryos were exposed to 0-5 ppm arsenite and, upon hatching, were transferred into either clean water or continued receiving the same exposure to arsenic for up to 16 weeks. Arsenic significantly decreased the weight of both embryonic-only exposed juveniles and continuously exposed juveniles between 4 and 16 weeks of development at concentrations as low as 0.8 ppm. Although arsenite exposure increased the percentage of small diameter fibers during the early weeks, fiber diameters returned to control levels in the embryonic-only exposed fish. However, muscle fiber density was still reduced to 85.7%, 80.3%, and 73.8% of control for the 0.8, 2, and 5 ppm embryonic-only exposure groups, respectively, even after 16 weeks of development. These results indicate that while continuous exposure to arsenic may alter the size of muscle fibers, embryonic-only exposure to arsenic has lasting effects on the number of muscle fibers formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R D'Amico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| | - Alec W Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29631, United States; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29631, United States.
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35
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Ferguson KK, O'Neill MS, Meeker JD. Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2013; 16:69-113. [PMID: 23682677 PMCID: PMC3889157 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.775048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a significant public health concern, as it is associated with high risk of infant mortality, various morbidities in both the neonatal period and later in life, and a significant societal economic burden. As many cases are of unknown etiology, identification of the contribution of environmental contaminant exposures is a priority in the study of preterm birth. This is a comprehensive review of all known studies published from 1992 through August 2012 linking maternal exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy with preterm birth. Using PubMed searches, studies were identified that examined associations between preterm birth and exposure to five categories of environmental toxicants, including persistent organic pollutants, drinking-water contaminants, atmospheric pollutants, metals and metalloids, and other environmental contaminants. Individual studies were summarized and specific suggestions were made for future work in regard to exposure and outcome assessment methods as well as study design, with the recommendation of focusing on potential mediating toxicological mechanisms. In conclusion, no consistent evidence was found for positive associations between individual chemical exposures and preterm birth. By identifying limitations and addressing the gaps that may have impeded the ability to identify true associations thus far, this review can guide future epidemiologic studies of environmental exposures and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA.
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36
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Tabasi S, Abedi A. A medical geology study of an arsenic-contaminated area in Kouhsorkh, NE Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2012; 34:171-179. [PMID: 21960314 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-011-9424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of arsenic were determined in sediments from the Kouhsorkh area, Khorasan province, NE Iran. The main rock formations in the area consist of Tertiary volcanic rocks as Tuffaceous sandstone, polymictic conglomerate and andesite. Furthermore, some As-Sb-Au mineralization occurred in this area. Concentrations of arsenic in sediments were determined to range between 4.2 and 268.2 ppm, exceeding US EPA (2004) limits. It seems that young volcanic activity is one of the most important factors for arsenic contamination in this area. The first stage of this medical geology study was done at 2 villages in the Kouhsorkh area in which the arsenic concentration in water is high. People in this residential area suffer from skin diseases including hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, keratosis on head, hands, and feet. The 24-h urine specimens were tested for arsenic, the level of total arsenic in urine were determined to range between 13.66 and 75.92 μg/l day, exceeding permissible limits from 5 to 40 μg/day. More systematic studies are needed to determine the link between As exposure and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tabasi
- Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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37
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Baig JA, Kazi TG. Translocation of arsenic contents in vegetables from growing media of contaminated areas. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 75:27-32. [PMID: 21962412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the translocation of arsenic (As) by different vegetables grown in agricultural soil irrigated for long period with tube well water as test vegetable samples and compared those vegetables of same species grown in agricultural soil irrigated with fresh canal water marked as control vegetable samples. Moreover, the total and ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) extractable contents of As in soil irrigated by tube well and canal water were determined and correlate with total concentrations of As in edible parts of vegetables. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the total and EDTA extractable fractions of As in soil. High level of total and EDTA extractable As were found in tested vegetable samples as compared to controlled vegetable samples. This investigation highlights the increased danger of growing vegetables in the agricultural land continuously irrigated by As contaminated water.
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38
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Shah AQ, Kazi TG, Baig JA, Afridi HI. Correlation between arsenic concentration in fish and human scalp hair of people living in arsenic-contaminated and noncontaminated areas of Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:197-204. [PMID: 21537922 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of arsenic (As) toxicity due to frequent consumption of arsenic-contaminated fish was estimated by the analysis of scalp hair of adult males, living near arsenic-contaminated area of Pakistan. For comparison purposes, scalp hair samples were also collected from the inhabitants of Hyderabad city consuming fish species with low levels of As, collected from Indus River. Concentration of As in scalp hair samples was analyzed by using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the As measurement was tested simultaneously analyzing certified reference material. The concentration of As in muscle tissues of fish species were found in the range of 2.11 to 14.1 μg/g and 1.92 to 12.2 μg/g, collected from arsenic-contaminated and noncontaminated areas, respectively. Exposed subjects had significantly elevated levels of As in scalp hair samples (0.72-4.94 μg/g) as compared with referent subjects (0.21-1.484 μg/g; p < 0.01). The As levels in scalp hair was positively correlated with As levels in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir Shah
- Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
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Baig JA, Kazi TG, Shah AQ, Afridi HI, Khan S, Kolachi NF, Kandhro GA, Wadhwa SK, Shah F. Evaluation of toxic risk assessment of arsenic in male subjects through drinking water in southern Sindh Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:772-86. [PMID: 21190140 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The arsenic (As) hazardous quotient was estimated based on concentration of As in drinking water and scalp hair of male subjects of two age groups (n=360) consuming As contaminated water at different levels and non-contaminated drinking water. The total As concentrations in drinking water of less-exposed (LE) and high-exposed (HE) areas was found to be 3- to 30-fold higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (2004) for drinking water, while the levels of As in drinking water of non-exposed (NE) areas was within the permissible limit. The levels of As in scalp hair samples of male subjects of two age groups belonging to NE, LE, and HE areas ranged from 0.01 to 0.27, 0.11-1.31, and 0.36-6.80 μg/g, respectively. A significant correlation between As contents of drinking water and As concentration in scalp hair was observed in sub-district Gambit (r=0.825-0.852, p<0.001) as compared to those subjects belonging to LE sub-district Thari Mirwah. A toxicity risk assessment provides a hazard quotient corresponding to <10 that indicates non-carcinogenic exposure risk of understudy areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
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40
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Kazi TG, Baig JA, Shah AQ, Arain MB, Jamali MK, Kandhro GA, Afridi HI, Kolachi NF, Khan S, Wadhwa SK, Shah F. Determination of arsenic in scalp hair of children and its correlation with drinking water in exposed areas of Sindh Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:153-62. [PMID: 20963640 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was focused on the analysis of arsenic (As) levels in scalp hair of children (age, <10 years) collected from two towns of Khairpur, Pakistan, to evaluate the effects of As-contaminated groundwater. For comparative purposes, scalp hair samples of children were also collected from that area having low levels of As (<10 μg/L) in drinking water. Groundwater and scalp hair samples of children were collected and analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The average As concentrations in groundwater samples of two towns, Thari Mirwah and Gambat, were found to be 28.5 and 98.3 μg/L, respectively. The range of As concentrations in scalp hair samples of children who belong to Thari Mirwah and Gambat was 1.25-1.61 μg/g and 1.73-3.63 μg/g, respectively. Twenty percent of the total children who belong to Gambat have skin lesions on their hands and feet. A positive correlation coefficient (R = 0.91-0.99) was obtained between As contents in drinking water and scalp hairs of children of both towns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem G Kazi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
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Chattopadhyay S, Deb B, Maiti S. Hepatoprotective role of vitamin B(12) and folic acid in arsenic intoxicated rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:81-8. [PMID: 21848401 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.589439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study elucidated the protective role of vitamin B(12) with folic acid against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in female rats. Ingestion of sodium-arsenite- contaminated water [0.4 ppm/100 g body weight (b.w.)/day] in combination with vitamin B(12) plus folic acid (0.07 and 4.0 μg, respectively/100 g b.w./day) for 24 days to Wistar rats offered a significant protection against alone arsenic-induced distorted liver function, damaged histoarchitecture, elevated oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation of hepatic tissues. Arsenic only exposure decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and the level of nonprotein-soluble thiol (NPSH), with a concomitant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (CDs) in the liver. Vitamin supplementation restrained the increase of TBARS and CDs by restoring catalase, SOD, and NPSH levels. Restricted generation of free radicals may be correlated to the protection of DNA stability and hepatic morphology. This study explains the decisive role of vitamin B(12) with folic acid to ameliorate arsenic-mediated liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
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Chattopadhyay S, Maiti S, Maji G, Deb B, Pan B, Ghosh D. Protective role of Moringa oleifera (Sajina) seed on arsenic-induced hepatocellular degeneration in female albino rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:200-12. [PMID: 20661662 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop new herbal therapy, an aqueous extract of the seed of Moringa oleifera was used to screen the effect on arsenic-induced hepatic toxicity in female rat of Wistar strain. Subchronic exposure to sodium arsenite (0.4 ppm/100 g body weight/day via drinking water for a period of 24 days) significantly increased activities of hepatic and lipid function markers such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL along with a decrease in total protein and HDL. A notable distortion of hepatocellular histoarchitecture was prominent with a concomitant increase in DNA fragmentation following arsenic exposure. A marked elevation of lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue was also evident from the hepatic accumulation of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes along with suppressed activities in the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, co-administration of aqueous seed extract of M. oleifera (500 mg/100 g body weight/day for a period of 24 days) was found to significantly prevent the arsenic-induced alteration of hepatic function markers and lipid profile. Moreover, the degeneration of histoarchitecture of liver found in arsenic-treated rats was protected along with partial but definite prevention against DNA fragmentation induction. Similarly, generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals were found to be significantly less along with restored activities of antioxidant enzymes in M. oleifera co-administered group with comparison to arsenic alone treatment group. The present investigation offers strong evidence for the hepato-protective and antioxidative efficiencies of M. oleifera seed extract against oxidative stress induced by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, UGC Innovative Department, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102 West Bengal, India.
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Baig JA, Kazi TG, Shah AQ, Afridi HI, Kandhro GA, Khan S, Kolachi NF, Wadhwa SK, Shah F, Arain MB, Jamali MK. Evaluation of arsenic levels in grain crops samples, irrigated by tube well and canal water. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:265-70. [PMID: 21056610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of arsenic (As) by grain crops (wheat, maize and sorghum) grown on agricultural soil irrigated with tube well water (SIT) as test samples and for comparative purposes, same grain crop samples grown on agricultural soil irrigated with fresh canal water (SIC) were marked as control samples, collected simultaneously from three sub-districts of Khairpur, Pakistan. Moreover, this paper demonstrated the total and EDTA (0.05 M) extractable As in both understudied soils that correlate with the respective total As in the edible parts of the studied grain crops. A significantly high accumulation of As was found in grains grown on SIT as compared to those grown on SIC. This study highlights the increased danger of growing food crops in the agricultural land continuously irrigated by As contaminated ground water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel A Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Bloom MS, Fitzgerald EF, Kim K, Neamtiu I, Gurzau ES. Spontaneous pregnancy loss in humans and exposure to arsenic in drinking water. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213:401-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chattopadhyay S, Ghosh D. The involvement of hypophyseal-gonadal and hypophyseal-adrenal axes in arsenic-mediated ovarian and uterine toxicity: modulation by hCG. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 24:29-41. [PMID: 20146381 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the involvement of hypophyseal-gonadal and hypophyseal-adrenal axes as a possible mechanism of sodium arsenite toxicity in ovary and uterus by the coadministration of hCG. Subchronic treatment of 0.4 ppm of sodium arsenite/(100 g body weight day) via drinking water for seven estrous cycles significantly suppressed the plasma levels of leutinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol along with sluggish ovarian activities of Delta(5),3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase followed by a reduction in gonadal tissue peroxidase activities in mature female rats at diestrous phase. Noticeable weight loss of the ovary and uterus along with prolonged diestrous phase and increased deposition of arsenic in the plasma and in these reproductive organs were also demonstrated following the ingestion of arsenic. Follicular atresia and thinning of the uterine luminal diameter were evident after sodium arsenite treatment. Effective protection of gonadal weight loss, suppressed ovarian steroidogenesis, and altered ovarian and uterine peroxidase activities were noticed when 1.0 IU hCG/(100 g body weight day) is given in arsenic-intoxicated rats. Normal estrous cyclicity was restored toward the control level after hCG coadministration, though the elimination of elementary arsenic from the plasma and gonadal tissues was impossible. A significant recovery in the restoration of ovarian and uterine histoarchitecture was prominent after hCG treatment. Adrenal hypertrophy and steroidogenic arrest of the adrenal gland along with altered level of brain monoamines in the midbrain and diencephalons following arsenic intoxication were also ameliorated after hCG coadministration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
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Mazumder DNG, Ghosh A, Majumdar KK, Ghosh N, Saha C, Mazumder RNG. Arsenic contamination of ground water and its health impact on population of district of nadia, west bengal, India. Indian J Community Med 2010; 35:331-8. [PMID: 20922118 PMCID: PMC2940197 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.66897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global health impact and disease burden due to chronic arsenic toxicity has not been well studied in West Bengal. OBJECTIVE To ascertain these, a scientific epidemiological study was carried out in a district of the state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidemiological study was carried out by house-to-house survey of arsenic affected villages in the district of Nadia. A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for this survey for the selection of the participants. A total number of 2297 households of 37 arsenic affected villages in all the 17 blocks were surveyed in the district. RESULT Out of 10469 participants examined, prevalence rate of arsenicosis was found to be 15.43%. Out of 0.84 million people suspected to be exposed to arsenic, 0.14 million people are estimated to be suffering from arsenicosis in the district. Highest level of arsenic in drinking water sources was found to be 1362 μg/l, and in 23% cases it was above 100 μg/l. Majority of the population living in the arsenic affected villages were of low socio-economic condition, inadequate education and were farmers or doing physical labour. Chronic lung disease was found in 207 (12.81%) subjects among cases and 69 (0.78%) in controls. Peripheral neuropathy was found in 257 (15.9%) cases and 136 (1.5%) controls. CONCLUSION Large number of people in the district of Nadia are showing arsenical skin lesion. However, insufficient education, poverty, lack of awareness and ineffective health care support are major factors causing immense plight to severely arsenic affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aloke Ghosh
- DNGM Research Foundation, 37/C Block B New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053, India
| | | | - Nilima Ghosh
- DNGM Research Foundation, 37/C Block B New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053, India
| | - Chandan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Tropical Medicine, C. R. Avenue, Kolkata - 700 073, India
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Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Water and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Bengali Women. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2008; 59:271-5. [DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-59-2008-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Water and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Bengali WomenTwelve districts of the state of West Bengal, India are affected by arsenic (As) and millions of individuals are consuming As-contaminated groundwater. The probable adverse effects of As on pregnancy outcome (stillbirth and miscarriage) are yet to be properly studied. The present investigation is an attempt to understand the effects of As exposure on the pregnancy outcome in Bengali women exposed to As through drinking water and residing in different villages in North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal. The results show a significantly higher rate of stillbirths and miscarriages than those in the unexposed population.
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Kumar Jena B, Retna Raj C. Gold Nanoelectrode Ensembles for the Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Ultratrace Arsenic, Mercury, and Copper. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4836-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071064w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - C. Retna Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association between arsenic exposure and anemia, based on blood hemoglobin concentration. METHODS Hemoglobin measures, skin lesions, arsenic exposure, and nutritional and demographic information were collected from 1954 Bangladeshi participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study. We used general linear modeling to assess the association between arsenic exposure and hemoglobin concentration, examining men and women separately. RESULTS Arsenic exposure (urinary arsenic >200 microg/L) was negatively associated with hemoglobin among all men and among women with hemoglobin <10 d/L. Other predictors of anemia in men and women included older age, lower body mass index, and low intake of iron. Among women, the use of contraceptives predicted higher hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests an association between high arsenic exposure and anemia in Bangladesh.
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Abstract
Military, occupational, and environmental events can cause toxic injuries that require psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the psychiatric effects of neurotoxins, including nerve gases, ionizing radiation, insecticides, heavy metals, solvents, and other toxic agents. Diagnostic considerations and clinical tests for further evaluation of the numerous psychiatric conditions and symptoms caused by toxic exposures are discussed.
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