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Joussaume A, Kanthou C, Pardo OE, Karayan-Tapon L, Benzakour O, Dkhissi F. The Vitamin K-Dependent Anticoagulant Factor, Protein S, Regulates Vascular Permeability. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3278-3293. [PMID: 38666935 PMCID: PMC11048934 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein S (PROS1) is a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant factor, which also acts as an agonist for the TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) tyrosine kinase receptors. PROS1 is produced by the endothelium which also expresses TAM receptors, but little is known about its effects on vascular function and permeability. Transwell permeability assays as well as Western blotting and immunostaining analysis were used to monitor the possible effects of PROS1 on both endothelial cell permeability and on the phosphorylation state of specific signaling proteins. We show that human PROS1, at its circulating concentrations, substantially increases both the basal and VEGFA-induced permeability of endothelial cell (EC) monolayers. PROS1 induces p38 MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase), Rho/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway activation, and actin filament remodeling, as well as substantial changes in Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (VEC) distribution and its phosphorylation on Ser665 and Tyr685. It also mediates c-Src and PAK-1 (p21-activated kinase 1) phosphorylation on Tyr416 and Ser144, respectively. Exposure of EC to human PROS1 induces VEC internalization as well as its cleavage into a released fragment of 100 kDa and an intracellular fragment of 35 kDa. Using anti-TAM neutralizing antibodies, we demonstrate that PROS1-induced VEC and c-Src phosphorylation are mediated by both the MERTK and TYRO3 receptors but do not involve the AXL receptor. MERTK and TYRO3 receptors are also responsible for mediating PROS1-induced MLC (Myosin Light Chain) phosphorylation on a site targeted by the Rho/ROCK pathway. Our report provides evidence for the activation of the c-Src/VEC and Rho/ROCK/MLC pathways by PROS1 for the first time and points to a new role for PROS1 as an endogenous vascular permeabilizing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joussaume
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, UR 24144 Poitiers, France; (A.J.); (O.B.)
| | - Chryso Kanthou
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
| | - Olivier E. Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, UR 24144 Poitiers, France;
| | - Omar Benzakour
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, UR 24144 Poitiers, France; (A.J.); (O.B.)
| | - Fatima Dkhissi
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, UR 24144 Poitiers, France; (A.J.); (O.B.)
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2
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Moztarzadeh S, Sepic S, Hamad I, Waschke J, Radeva MY, García-Ponce A. Cortactin is in a complex with VE-cadherin and is required for endothelial adherens junction stability through Rap1/Rac1 activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38216638 PMCID: PMC10786853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability is mediated by Cortactin (Cttn) and regulated by several molecules including cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate, small Rho family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. However, it is unclear whether Cttn directly interacts with any of the junctional components or if Cttn intervenes with signaling pathways affecting the intercellular contacts and the cytoskeleton. To address these questions, we employed immortalized microvascular myocardial endothelial cells derived from wild-type and Cttn-knock-out mice. We found that lack of Cttn compromised barrier integrity due to fragmented membrane distribution of different junctional proteins. Moreover, immunoprecipitations revealed that Cttn is within the VE-cadherin-based adherens junction complex. In addition, lack of Cttn slowed-down barrier recovery after Ca2+ repletion. The role of Cttn for cAMP-mediated endothelial barrier regulation was analyzed using Forskolin/Rolipram. In contrast to Cttn-KO, WT cells reacted with increased transendothelial electrical resistance. Absence of Cttn disturbed Rap1 and Rac1 activation in Cttn-depleted cells. Surprisingly, despite the absence of Cttn, direct activation of Rac1/Cdc42/RhoA by CN04 increased barrier resistance and induced well-defined cortical actin and intracellular actin bundles. In summary, our data show that Cttn is required for basal barrier integrity by allowing proper membrane distribution of junctional proteins and for cAMP-mediated activation of the Rap1/Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Wu J, Wei J, Chen H, Dang Y, Lei F. Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Glaucoma. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:94-107. [PMID: 38155465 PMCID: PMC10964082 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501286195231220094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration and loss of visual field. Pathological increased intraocular pressure is its main modifiable risk factor. Rho kinase inhibitors are developed as a new class of glaucoma medication that increases outflow facility from the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway. Additionally, they also have neuroprotective and anti-scarring effects that can might increase the success rate of glaucoma filtration surgery. This review aims to summarize the current concept of Rho kinase inhibitors in the treatment of glaucoma from beach to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology/College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology/College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haoliang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanmenxia Eye Hospital/Sanmenxia Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Yalong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanmenxia Eye Hospital/Sanmenxia Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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4
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Zhai R, Lenga Ma Bonda W, Leclaire C, Saint-Béat C, Theilliere C, Belville C, Coupet R, Blondonnet R, Bouvier D, Blanchon L, Sapin V, Jabaudon M. Effects of sevoflurane on lung epithelial permeability in experimental models of acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Transl Med 2023; 21:397. [PMID: 37331963 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have suggested that inhaled sevoflurane may have lung-protective effects and clinical trials are ongoing to assess its impact on major clinical outcomes in patients with ARDS. However, the underlying mechanisms of these potential benefits are largely unknown. This investigation focused on the effects of sevoflurane on lung permeability changes after sterile injury and the possible associated mechanisms. METHODS To investigate whether sevoflurane could decrease lung alveolar epithelial permeability through the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/phospho-Myosin Light Chain 2 (Ser19) (pMLC)/filamentous (F)-actin pathway and whether the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) may mediate these effects. Lung permeability was assessed in RAGE-/- and littermate wild-type C57BL/6JRj mice on days 0, 1, 2, and 4 after acid injury, alone or followed by exposure at 1% sevoflurane. Cell permeability of mouse lung epithelial cells was assessed after treatment with cytomix (a mixture of TNFɑ, IL-1β, and IFNγ) and/or RAGE antagonist peptide (RAP), alone or followed by exposure at 1% sevoflurane. Levels of zonula occludens-1, E-cadherin, and pMLC were quantified, along with F-actin immunostaining, in both models. RhoA activity was assessed in vitro. RESULTS In mice after acid injury, sevoflurane was associated with better arterial oxygenation, decreased alveolar inflammation and histological damage, and non-significantly attenuated the increase in lung permeability. Preserved protein expression of zonula occludens-1 and less increase of pMLC and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement were observed in injured mice treated with sevoflurane. In vitro, sevoflurane markedly decreased electrical resistance and cytokine release of MLE-12 cells, which was associated with higher protein expression of zonula occludens-1. Improved oxygenation levels and attenuated increase in lung permeability and inflammatory response were observed in RAGE-/- mice compared to wild-type mice, but RAGE deletion did not influence the effects of sevoflurane on permeability indices after injury. However, the beneficial effect of sevoflurane previously observed in wild-type mice on day 1 after injury in terms of higher PaO2/FiO2 and decreased alveolar levels of cytokines was not found in RAGE-/- mice. In vitro, RAP alleviated some of the beneficial effects of sevoflurane on electrical resistance and cytoskeletal rearrangement, which was associated with decreased cytomix-induced RhoA activity. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane decreased injury and restored epithelial barrier function in two in vivo and in vitro models of sterile lung injury, which was associated with increased expression of junction proteins and decreased actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. In vitro findings suggest that sevoflurane may decrease lung epithelial permeability through the RhoA/pMLC/F-actin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Zhai
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Woodys Lenga Ma Bonda
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Leclaire
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Saint-Béat
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Camille Theilliere
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Randy Coupet
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raiko Blondonnet
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loic Blanchon
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Matthieu Jabaudon
- iGReD, UFR de Médecine et des Professions Paramédicales, Place Henri Dunant, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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5
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Podieh F, Wensveen R, Overboom M, Abbas L, Majolée J, Hordijk P. Differential role for rapid proteostasis in Rho GTPase-mediated control of quiescent endothelial integrity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104593. [PMID: 36894017 PMCID: PMC10124901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial monolayer permeability is regulated by actin dynamics and vesicular traffic. Recently, ubiquitination was also implicated in the integrity of quiescent endothelium, as it differentially controls the localization and stability of adhesion- and signaling proteins. However, the more general effect of fast protein turnover on endothelial integrity is not clear. Here, we found that inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligases induces a rapid, reversible loss of integrity in quiescent, primary human endothelial monolayers, accompanied by increased F-actin stress fibers and the formation of intercellular gaps. Concomitantly, total protein and activity of the actin-regulating GTPase RhoB, but not its close homologue RhoA, increase ∼10-fold in 5-8 h. We determined that, the depletion of RhoB, but not of RhoA, the inhibition of actin contractility and the inhibition of protein synthesis all significantly rescue the loss of cell-cell contact induced by E1 ligase inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that in quiescent human endothelial cells, the continuous and fast turnover of short-lived proteins that negatively regulate cell-cell contact, is essential to preserve monolayer integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Podieh
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos Wensveen
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MaxC Overboom
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Abbas
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - PeterL Hordijk
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Xing L, Huang G, Chen R, Huang L, Liu J, Ren X, Wang S, Kuang H, Kumar A, Kim JK, Jiang Q, Li X, Lee C. Critical role of mitogen-inducible gene 6 in restraining endothelial cell permeability to maintain vascular homeostasis. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:151-165. [PMID: 36284029 PMCID: PMC10030747 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6) is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, it remains unknown whether MIG6 affects vascular permeability. Here, we show for the first time a critical role of MIG6 in limiting vascular permeability. We unveil that genetic deletion of Mig6 in mice markedly increased VEGFA-induced vascular permeability, and MIG6 knockdown impaired endothelial barrier function. Mechanistically, we reveal that MIG6 inhibits VEGFR2 phosphorylation by binding to the VEGFR2 kinase domain 2, and MIG6 knockdown increases the downstream signaling of VEGFR2 by enhancing phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and eNOS. Moreover, MIG6 knockdown disrupted the balance between RAC1 and RHOA GTPase activation, leading to endothelial cell barrier breakdown and the elevation of vascular permeability. Our findings demonstrate an essential role of MIG6 in maintaining endothelial cell barrier integrity and point to potential therapeutic implications of MIG6 in the treatment of diseases involving vascular permeability. Xing et al. (2022) investigated the critical role of MIG6 in vascular permeability. MIG6 deficiency promotes VEGFA-induced vascular permeability via activation of PLCγ1-Ca2+-eNOS signaling and perturbation of the balance in RAC1/RHOA activation, resulting in endothelial barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Guanqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Juanxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiangrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haiqing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jong Kyong Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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7
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Dai YC, Qiao D, Fang CY, Chen QQ, Que RY, Xiao TG, Zheng L, Wang LJ, Zhang YL. Single-cell RNA-sequencing combined with bulk RNA-sequencing analysis of peripheral blood reveals the characteristics and key immune cell genes of ulcerative colitis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12116-12135. [PMID: 36483809 PMCID: PMC9724533 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i33.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complicated disease caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors that affects mucosal homeostasis and triggers an inappropriate immune response. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can be used to rapidly obtain the precise gene expression patterns of thousands of cells in the intestine, analyze the characteristics of cells with the same phenotype, and provide new insights into the growth and development of intestinal organs, the clonal evolution of cells, and immune cell changes. These findings can provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.
AIM To identify clinical phenotypes and biomarkers that can predict the response of UC patients to specific therapeutic drugs and thus aid the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
METHODS Using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we analyzed peripheral blood cell subtypes of patients with UC by scRNA-seq combined with bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to reveal the core genes of UC. We then combined weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to reveal diagnostic markers of UC.
RESULTS After processing the scRNA-seq data, we obtained data from approximately 24340 cells and identified 17 cell types. Through intercellular communication analysis, we selected monocyte marker genes as the candidate gene set for the prediction model. Construction of a WGCNA coexpression network identified RhoB, cathepsin D (CTSD) and zyxin (ZYX) as core genes. Immune infiltration analysis showed that these three core genes were strongly correlated with immune cells. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were closely related to immune and inflammatory responses, which are associated with many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
CONCLUSION Through scRNA-seq analysis, LASSO diagnostic model building and WGCNA, we identified RhoB, CTSD and ZYX as core genes of UC that are closely related to monocyte infiltration that may serve as diagnostic markers and molecular targets for UC therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Chen-Ye Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiu-Qin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ren-Ye Que
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Tie-Gang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xi’an 730000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Experimental Education Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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McEvoy E, Sneh T, Moeendarbary E, Javanmardi Y, Efimova N, Yang C, Marino-Bravante GE, Chen X, Escribano J, Spill F, Garcia-Aznar JM, Weeraratna AT, Svitkina TM, Kamm RD, Shenoy VB. Feedback between mechanosensitive signaling and active forces governs endothelial junction integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7089. [PMID: 36402771 PMCID: PMC9675837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and recovery of gaps in the vascular endothelium governs a wide range of physiological and pathological phenomena, from angiogenesis to tumor cell extravasation. However, the interplay between the mechanical and signaling processes that drive dynamic behavior in vascular endothelial cells is not well understood. In this study, we propose a chemo-mechanical model to investigate the regulation of endothelial junctions as dependent on the feedback between actomyosin contractility, VE-cadherin bond turnover, and actin polymerization, which mediate the forces exerted on the cell-cell interface. Simulations reveal that active cell tension can stabilize cadherin bonds, but excessive RhoA signaling can drive bond dissociation and junction failure. While actin polymerization aids gap closure, high levels of Rac1 can induce junction weakening. Combining the modeling framework with experiments, our model predicts the influence of pharmacological treatments on the junction state and identifies that a critical balance between RhoA and Rac1 expression is required to maintain junction stability. Our proposed framework can help guide the development of therapeutics that target the Rho family of GTPases and downstream active mechanical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin McEvoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, H91 HX31, Ireland
| | - Tal Sneh
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Changsong Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gloria E Marino-Bravante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jorge Escribano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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10
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Alarcon VB, Marikawa Y. Trophectoderm formation: regulation of morphogenesis and gene expressions by RHO, ROCK, cell polarity, and HIPPO signaling. Reproduction 2022; 164:R75-R86. [PMID: 35900353 PMCID: PMC9398960 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Trophectoderm is the first tissue to differentiate in the early mammalian embryo and is essential for hatching, implantation, and placentation. This review article discusses the roles of Ras homolog family members (RHO) and RHO-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases (ROCK) in the molecular and cellular regulation of trophectoderm formation. Abstract The trophectoderm (TE) is the first tissue to differentiate during the preimplantation development of placental mammals. It constitutes the outer epithelial layer of the blastocyst and is responsible for hatching, uterine attachment, and placentation. Thus, its formation is the key initial step that enables the viviparity of mammals. Here, we first describe the general features of TE formation at the morphological and molecular levels. Prospective TE cells form an epithelial layer enclosing an expanding fluid-filled cavity by establishing the apical-basal cell polarity, intercellular junctions, microlumen, and osmotic gradient. A unique set of genes is expressed in TE that encode the transcription factors essential for the development of trophoblasts of the placenta upon implantation. TE-specific gene expressions are driven by the inhibition of HIPPO signaling, which is dependent on the prior establishment of the apical-basal polarity. We then discuss the specific roles of RHO and ROCK as essential regulators of TE formation. RHO and ROCK modulate the actomyosin cytoskeleton, apical-basal polarity, intercellular junctions, and HIPPO signaling, thereby orchestrating the epithelialization and gene expressions in TE. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying TE formation is crucial for assisted reproductive technologies in human and farm animals, as it provides foundation to help improve procedures for embryo handling and selection to achieve better reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernadeth B. Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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11
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Pillay LM, Yano JJ, Davis AE, Butler MG, Ezeude MO, Park JS, Barnes KA, Reyes VL, Castranova D, Gore AV, Swift MR, Iben JR, Kenton MI, Stratman AN, Weinstein BM. In vivo dissection of Rhoa function in vascular development using zebrafish. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:411-434. [PMID: 35320450 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The small monomeric GTPase RHOA acts as a master regulator of signal transduction cascades by activating effectors of cellular signaling, including the Rho-associated protein kinases ROCK1/2. Previous in vitro cell culture studies suggest that RHOA can regulate many critical aspects of vascular endothelial cell (EC) biology, including focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and angiogenesis. However, the specific in vivo roles of RHOA during vascular development and homeostasis are still not well understood. In this study, we examine the in vivo functions of RHOA in regulating vascular development and integrity in zebrafish. We use zebrafish RHOA-ortholog (rhoaa) mutants, transgenic embryos expressing wild type, dominant negative, or constitutively active forms of rhoaa in ECs, pharmacological inhibitors of RHOA and ROCK1/2, and Rock1 and Rock2a/b dgRNP-injected zebrafish embryos to study the in vivo consequences of RHOA gain- and loss-of-function in the vascular endothelium. Our findings document roles for RHOA in vascular integrity, developmental angiogenesis, and vascular morphogenesis in vivo, showing that either too much or too little RHOA activity leads to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Yano
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 440 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan O Ezeude
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong S Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keith A Barnes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa L Reyes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Swift
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeleine I Kenton
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Ushakumari CJ, Zhou QL, Wang YH, Na S, Rigor MC, Zhou CY, Kroll MK, Lin BD, Jiang ZY. Neutrophil Elastase Increases Vascular Permeability and Leukocyte Transmigration in Cultured Endothelial Cells and Obese Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152288. [PMID: 35892585 PMCID: PMC9332277 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a pivotal role in inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying NE-mediated inflammation in obesity remains unclear. Here, we report that NE activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), stimulates actin filament (F-actin) formation, decreases intercellular junction molecule VE-cadherin expression, and increases the permeability of human arterial endothelial cells (hECs). NE also prompts degradation of VE-cadherin and its binding proteins p120- and β-catenins via MG132-sensitive proteasomes. NE stimulates phosphorylation of myosin light-chain (MLC) and its regulator myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 (MYPT1), a target of Rho kinase (ROCK). Inhibitors of PAR2 and ROCK prohibit NE-induced F-actin formation, MLC phosphorylation, and VE-cadherin reduction in hECs, and impede monocyte transmigration through hEC monolayer pretreated with either neutrophils or NE. Further, administration of an NE inhibitor GW311616A significantly attenuates vascular leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the white adipose tissue from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Likewise, NE-deficient mice are resistant to HFD-induced vascular leakage in the heart. Together, NE regulates actomyosin cytoskeleton activity and VE-cadherin expression by activating PAR2 signaling in the endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular permeability and leukocyte extravasation. Hence, inhibition of NE is a potential approach to mitigate vascular injury and leukocyte infiltration in obesity-related systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchu Jagadan Ushakumari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.J.U.); (Q.L.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (S.N.)
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Qiong L. Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.J.U.); (Q.L.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (S.N.)
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.J.U.); (Q.L.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (S.N.)
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Sijia Na
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.J.U.); (Q.L.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (S.N.)
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Michael C. Rigor
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Cindy Y. Zhou
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Max K. Kroll
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Benjamin D. Lin
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
| | - Zhen Y. Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.J.U.); (Q.L.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (S.N.)
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.C.R.); (C.Y.Z.); (M.K.K.); (B.D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-8255
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13
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Hauke M, Eckenstaler R, Ripperger A, Ender A, Braun H, Benndorf RA. Active RhoA Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on the Homeostasis and Angiogenic Capacity of Human Endothelial Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025119. [PMID: 35699166 PMCID: PMC9238636 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The small GTPase RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) regulates a variety of cellular processes, including cell motility, proliferation, survival, and permeability. In addition, there are reports indicating that RhoA‐ROCK (rho associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase) activation is essential for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)‐mediated angiogenesis, whereas other work suggests VEGF‐antagonistic effects of the RhoA‐ROCK axis. Methods and Results To elucidate this issue, we examined human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human coronary artery endothelial cells after stable overexpression (lentiviral transduction) of constitutively active (G14V/Q63L), dominant‐negative (T19N), or wild‐type RhoA using a series of in vitro angiogenesis assays (proliferation, migration, tube formation, angiogenic sprouting, endothelial cell viability) and a human umbilical vein endothelial cells xenograft assay in immune‐incompetent NOD scid gamma mice in vivo. Here, we report that expression of active and wild‐type RhoA but not dominant‐negative RhoA significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Moreover, active RhoA increased endothelial cell death in vitro and decreased human umbilical vein endothelial cell‐related angiogenesis in vivo. Inhibition of RhoA by C3 transferase antagonized the inhibitory effects of RhoA and strongly enhanced VEGF‐induced angiogenic sprouting in control‐treated cells. In contrast, inhibition of RhoA effectors ROCK1/2 and LIMK1/2 (LIM domain kinase 1/2) did not significantly affect RhoA‐related effects, but increased angiogenic sprouting and migration of control‐treated cells. In agreement with these data, VEGF did not activate RhoA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as measured by a Förster resonance energy transfer–based biosensor. Furthermore, global transcriptome and subsequent bioinformatic gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that constitutively active RhoA induced a differentially expressed gene pattern that was enriched for gene ontology biological process terms associated with mitotic nuclear division, cell proliferation, cell motility, and cell adhesion, which included a significant decrease in VEGFR‐2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) and NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) expression. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that increased RhoA activity has the potential to trigger endothelial dysfunction and antiangiogenic effects independently of its well‐characterized downstream effectors ROCK and LIMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Anna Ender
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Ralf A. Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
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14
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Mikołajczyk K, Spyt D, Zielińska W, Żuryń A, Faisal I, Qamar M, Świniarski P, Grzanka A, Gagat M. The Important Role of Endothelium and Extracellular Vesicles in the Cellular Mechanism of Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313157. [PMID: 34884962 PMCID: PMC8658239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is a fundamental property of biological systems consisting of the ability to maintain a dynamic balance of the environment of biochemical processes. The action of endogenous and exogenous factors can lead to internal balance disorder, which results in the activation of the immune system and the development of inflammatory response. Inflammation determines the disturbances in the structure of the vessel wall, connected with the change in their diameter. These disorders consist of accumulation in the space between the endothelium and the muscle cells of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), resulting in the formation of fatty streaks narrowing the lumen and restricting the blood flow in the area behind the structure. The effect of inflammation may also be pathological dilatation of the vessel wall associated with the development of aneurysms. Described disease entities strongly correlate with the increased migration of immune cells. Recent scientific research indicates the secretion of specific vesicular structures during migration activated by the inflammation. The review focuses on the link between endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response and the impact of these processes on the development of disease entities potentially related to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Mikołajczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominika Spyt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Żuryń
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Inaz Faisal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Murtaz Qamar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Piotr Świniarski
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Seibold T, Schönfelder J, Weeber F, Lechel A, Armacki M, Waldenmaier M, Wille C, Palmer A, Halbgebauer R, Karasu E, Huber‐Lang M, Kalbitz M, Radermacher P, Paschke S, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Small Extracellular Vesicles Propagate the Inflammatory Response After Trauma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102381. [PMID: 34713625 PMCID: PMC8693079 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of death in individuals under 44 years of age. Thorax trauma (TxT) is strongly associated with trauma-related death, an unbalanced innate immune response, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. It is shown that different in vivo traumata, such as TxT or an in vitro polytrauma cytokine cocktail trigger secretion of small extracellular nanovesicles (sEVs) from endothelial cells with pro-inflammatory cargo. These sEVs transfer transcripts for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and cytokines to systemically activate the endothelium, facilitate neutrophil-endothelium interactions, and destabilize barrier integrity. Inhibition of sEV-release after TxT in mice ameliorates local as well as systemic inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and distant organ damage in kidneys (acute kidney injury, AKI). Vice versa, injection of TxT-plasma-sEVs into healthy animals is sufficient to trigger pulmonary and systemic inflammation as well as AKI. Accordingly, increased sEV concentrations and transfer of similar cargos are observed in polytrauma patients, suggesting a fundamental pathophysiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Seibold
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Jonathan Schönfelder
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Florian Weeber
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Mareike Waldenmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Christoph Wille
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma‐ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma‐ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma‐ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Markus Huber‐Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma‐ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of TraumatologyHandPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process EngineeringUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Stephan Paschke
- Department of General and Visceral SurgeryUniversity HospitalAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 23Ulm89081Germany
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16
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Wang Q, Liu W, Chen S, Luo Q, Li Y, Peng S, Wang H, Liu X, Chen D. ORMDL1 is upregulated and associated with favorable outcomes in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101171. [PMID: 34243012 PMCID: PMC8273222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between ORMDL1 expression and clinipathological characteristic in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported before, which is addressed in this study. Although ORMDL1 is generally upregulated in CRC, high expression of ORMDL1 is associated with longer survival; the combination of ORMDL1 expression and other biomarkers to stratify and predict prognosis in CRC is worth to explore. ORMDL1 seems to influence cell cytoskeleton dynamics through Rho GTPase, other than canonical EMT related transcription factors.
Background The ORMDL1 gene is known as a crucial negative regulator of sphingolipid biogenesis. However, the ORMDL1 gene has rarely been studied in a tumor-related context. Therefore, its prognostic value and functional significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be explored. Methods TCGA CRC cohort analysis, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine the ORMDL1 expression level. The association between ORMDL1 expression and various clinical characteristics was analyzed by chi-square tests. The overall survival (OS) of CRC patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. In vitro and in vivo cell-based assays were performed to explore the role of ORMDL1 in cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Transcriptional changes in cells with either ORMDL1 knockdown or overexpression were compared and analyzed. Results ORMDL1 was upregulated in CRC tissues in both the TCGA and our cohort. Interestingly, its expression was significantly lower in patients with metastasis than in patients without metastasis, and the high expression group had longer OS than the low expression group. Knockdown of ORMDL1 expression can promote proliferation, colony formation and invasion, while attenuating migration in CRC cell lines. In contrast, forced overexpression of ORMDL1 reduced cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, while enhancing cell migration. Stable knockdown of ORMDL1 can promote cancer cell proliferation in vivo to some extent. Finally, Rho GTPase activity was influenced by ORMDL1, and the expression of ORMDL1 was enhanced by DTT treatment. Conclusion ORMDL1 is upregulated and may serve as a biomarker to predict favourable outcomes in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Wanjun Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Si Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Qianxin Luo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Shaoyong Peng
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.
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17
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Podieh F, Hordijk PL. Regulation of Rho GTPases in the Vasculature by Cullin3-Based E3 Ligase Complexes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680901. [PMID: 34136490 PMCID: PMC8201781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin3-based ubiquitin E3 ligases induce ubiquitination of substrates leading to their proteasomal or lysosomal degradation. BTB proteins serve as adaptors by binding to Cullin3 and recruiting substrate proteins, which enables specific recognition of a broad spectrum of targets. Hence, Cullin3 and its adaptors are involved in myriad cellular processes and organ functions. Cullin3-based ubiquitin E3 ligase complexes target small GTPases of the Rho subfamily, which are key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. In this mini review, we discuss recent insights in Cullin3-mediated regulation of Rho GTPases and their impact on cellular function and disease. Intriguingly, upstream regulators of Rho GTPases are targeted by Cullin3 complexes as well. Thus, Rho GTPase signaling is regulated by Cullin3 on multiple levels. In addition, we address current knowledge of Cullin3 in regulating vascular function, focusing on its prominent role in endothelial barrier function, angiogenesis and the regulation of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Podieh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Zhou Q, Jiang J, Chen G, Qian C, Sun G. Inflammatory Immune Cytokine TNF-α Modulates Ezrin Protein Activation via FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway in PMVECs Hyperpermeability. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676817. [PMID: 34054551 PMCID: PMC8152434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the important pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier induced by a hyperinflammatory immune response. However, the potential mechanisms of such an imbalance in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are not yet understood. Purpose: Explore the molecular mechanism of endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by inflammatory immune cytokines in ARDS, and find a therapeutic target for this syndrome. Methods: Rat PMVECs were cultured to form a monolayer. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were selected to detect the distribution and the expression level of phosphorylated Ezrin protein and Ezrin protein. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and transendothelial fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized to measure the permeability of the cell monolayer. Ezrin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and Ezrin 567-site threonine mutant (EzrinT567A) were used to examine the role of Ezrin protein and phosphorylated Ezrin protein in endothelial response induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively. The function of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) signaling pathways were estimated by inhibitors and RhoA/FAK shRNA in TNF-α-stimulated rat PMVECs. The activation of FAK and RhoA was assessed by Western blotting or pull-down assay plus Western blotting. Results: The TER was decreased after TNF-α treatment, while the Ezrin protein phosphorylation was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was localized primarily at the cell periphery, resulting in filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement, followed by a significant decrease in TER and increase in fluxes of FITC-BSA. Moreover, FAK and RhoA signaling pathways were required in the phosphorylation of Ezrin protein, and the former positively regulated the latter. Conclusion: The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was induced by TNF-α via the FAK/RhoA signaling pathway leading to endothelial hyperpermeability in PMVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Miao C, Yu M, Pei G, Ma Z, Zhang L, Yang J, Lv J, Zhang ZS, Keller ET, Yao Z, Wang Q. An infection-induced RhoB-Beclin 1-Hsp90 complex enhances clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2587. [PMID: 33972537 PMCID: PMC8110956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cells use several anti-bacterial pathways to defend against pathogens. Here, using a uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection model, we demonstrate that bacterial infection upregulates RhoB, which subsequently promotes intracellular bacteria clearance by inducing LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation. RhoB binds with Beclin 1 through its residues at 118 to 140 and the Beclin 1 CCD domain, with RhoB Arg133 being the key binding residue. Binding of RhoB to Beclin 1 enhances the Hsp90-Beclin 1 interaction, preventing Beclin 1 degradation. RhoB also directly interacts with Hsp90, maintaining RhoB levels. UPEC infections increase RhoB, Beclin 1 and LC3 levels in bladder epithelium in vivo, whereas Beclin 1 and LC3 levels as well as UPEC clearance are substantially reduced in RhoB+/− and RhoB−/− mice upon infection. We conclude that when stimulated by UPEC infections, host cells promote UPEC clearance through the RhoB-Beclin 1-HSP90 complex, indicating RhoB may be a useful target when developing UPEC treatment strategies. Bacterial invasion can lead to multiple host cell responses. Here, the authors show that in a model of uropathogenic E. coli, RhoB is upregulated and induces autophagosome formation in a complex with Beclin1 and Hsp90, promoting bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Miao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geng Pei
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Ring S, Inaba Y, Da M, Bopp T, Grabbe S, Enk A, Mahnke K. Regulatory T Cells Prevent Neutrophilic Infiltration of Skin during Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions by Strengthening the Endothelial Barrier. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2006-2017. [PMID: 33675787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The healing phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions is critically dependent on regulatory T cells (Tregs), but even the early inflammatory phase, that is, 6-24 hours after induction of a contact hypersensitivity reaction, is susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we injected Tregs before the challenge and analyzed the skin-infiltrating cells as early as 6 hours later. Early on, we found mainly neutrophils in the challenged skin, but only a few T cells. This influx of neutrophils was blocked by the injection of Tregs, indicating that they were able to prevent the first wave of leukocytes, which are responsible for starting an immune reaction. As an underlying mechanism, we identified that Tregs can tighten endothelial junctions by inducing intracellular cAMP, leading to protein kinase A-RhoA‒dependent signaling. This eventually reorganizes endothelial junction proteins, such as Notch3, Nectin 2, Filamin B, and VE-cadherin, all of which contribute to the tightening of the endothelial barrier. In summary, Tregs prevent the leakage of proinflammatory cells from and into the tissue, which establishes a mechanism to downregulate immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ring
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meihong Da
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Li Z, Huang B, Yi W, Wang F, Wei S, Yan H, Qin P, Zou D, Wei R, Chen N. Identification of Potential Early Diagnostic Biomarkers of Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:621-631. [PMID: 33688234 PMCID: PMC7937397 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this article was to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis in order to improve their survival. Methods We analyzed differential gene expression between adult sepsis patients and controls in the GSE54514 dataset. Coexpression analysis was used to cluster coexpression modules, and enrichment analysis was performed on module genes. We also analyzed differential gene expression between neonatal sepsis patients and controls in the GSE25504 dataset, and we identified the subset of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to neonates and adults. All samples in the GSE54514 dataset were randomly divided into training and validation sets, and diagnostic signatures were constructed using least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The key gene signature was screened for diagnostic value based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). STEM software identified dysregulated genes associated with sepsis-associated mortality. The ssGSEA method was used to quantify differences in immune cell infiltration between sepsis and control samples. Results A total of 6316 DEGs in GSE54514 were obtained spanning 10 modules. Module genes were mainly enriched in immune and metabolic responses. Screening 51 genes from among common genes based on AUC > 0.7 led to a LASSO model for the training set. We obtained a 25-gene signature, which we validated in the validation set and in the GSE25504 dataset. Among the signature genes, SLC2A6, C1ORF55, DUSP5 and RHOB were recognized as key genes (AUC > 0.75) in both the GSE54514 and GSE25504 datasets. SLC2A6 was identified by STEM as associated with sepsis-associated mortality and showed the strongest positive correlation with infiltration levels of Th1 cells. Conclusion In summary, our four key genes may have important implications for the early diagnosis of sepsis patients. In particular, SLC2A6 may be a critical biomarker for predicting survival in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Yi
- Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhuang Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixing Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Qin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguo Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
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22
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Chang R, Mamun A, Dominic A, Le NT. SARS-CoV-2 Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction: The Potential Role of Chronic Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 11:605908. [PMID: 33519510 PMCID: PMC7844210 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells have emerged as key players in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 inflammatory pathologies. Dysfunctional endothelial cells can promote chronic inflammation and disease processes like thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and lung injury. In endothelial cells, mitochondria regulate these inflammatory pathways via redox signaling, which is primarily achieved through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Excess mtROS causes oxidative stress that can initiate and exacerbate senescence, a state that promotes inflammation and chronic endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress can also activate feedback loops that perpetuate mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS overproduction, and inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview of phenotypes mediated by mtROS in endothelial cells - such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and senescence - as well as how these chronic states may be initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells. We also propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates mtROS-mediated feedback loops that cause long-term changes in host redox status and endothelial function, promoting cardiovascular disease and lung injury after recovery from COVID-19. Finally, we discuss the implications of these proposed pathways on long-term vascular health and potential treatments to address these chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chang
- College of Arts & Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Abrar Mamun
- Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abishai Dominic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Moeng S, Son SW, Lee JS, Lee HY, Kim TH, Choi SY, Kuh HJ, Park JK. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and Pancreatic Cancer: From the Role of EVs to the Interference with EV-Mediated Reciprocal Communication. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080267. [PMID: 32756339 PMCID: PMC7459718 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is malignant and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are—at most—moderately effective, indicating the need for new and different kinds of therapies to manage this disease. It has been proposed that the biologic properties of pancreatic cancer cells are finely tuned by the dynamic microenvironment, which includes extracellular matrix, cancer-associated cells, and diverse immune cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in communication between heterogeneous subpopulations of cells by transmitting multiplex biomolecules. EV-mediated cell–cell communication ultimately contributes to several aspects of pancreatic cancer, such as growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of extracellular vesicles and their cargo molecules in pancreatic cancer. We also present the feasibility of the inhibition of extracellular biosynthesis and their itinerary (release and uptake) for a new attractive therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokviseth Moeng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seung Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Jong Sun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Han Yeoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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24
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Shi F, Fu Y, Wang J, Li L, Wang A, Yuan Y, Luo H, He H, Deng G. Trametenolic Acid B Triggers HSP90AA4P and Autophagy in HepG2/2.2.15 Cells by Proteomic Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13042-13051. [PMID: 32548489 PMCID: PMC7288578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that trametenolic acid B (TAB) extracted from the Laetiporus sulphureus (Fr.) Murrill owned effective anti-proliferation of HepG2/2.215 cells and induced autophagy activity. The present aim was to further investigate its mechanisms involved by proteomic analysis. The iTRAQ of TAB on HepG2/2.215 was carried out and the western blot was used to verify the results of the proteomics analysis. According to the peptide segment quantitative standard (FDR ≤ 1%), a total of 5324 proteins were identified in HepG2/2.215 by proteomic analysis. The results identified that the major up-regulated proteins were HSP90AA4P, MYB, SERPINE1, and down-regulated proteins were Rho C, SERPINA1, and PIK3R4, which were related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, cell metastasis, and autophagy. HSP90AA4P and Rho C's proteomics analysis were further confirmed by the western blot. The proteomic results demonstrated that the anti-hematoma effect of TAB was closely related to the increase of HSP90AA4P protein expressions and autophagy, which may be a critical target of TAB, which was expected to be a candidate drug for the treatment liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Shi
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yihe Fu
- Three
Gorges food and drug inspection and Testing Center, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Lie Li
- Yichang
Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Huajun Luo
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Haibo He
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Gaigai Deng
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College
of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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25
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Majolée J, Kovačević I, Hordijk PL. Ubiquitin-based modifications in endothelial cell-cell contact and inflammation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/17/jcs227728. [PMID: 31488505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell contacts are essential for vascular integrity and physiology, protecting tissues and organs from edema and uncontrolled invasion of inflammatory cells. The vascular endothelial barrier is dynamic, but its integrity is preserved through a tight control at different levels. Inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, such as histamine, reduce endothelial integrity and increase vascular leakage. This is due to elevated myosin-based contractility, in conjunction with phosphorylation of proteins at cell-cell contacts. Conversely, reducing contractility stabilizes or even increases endothelial junctional integrity. Rho GTPases are key regulators of such cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell-cell contacts. In addition to signaling-induced regulation, the expression of junctional proteins, such as occludin, claudins and vascular endothelial cadherin, also controls endothelial barrier function. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to protein phosphorylation, ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) is an important and dynamic post-translational modification that regulates Rho GTPases, junctional proteins and, consequently, endothelial barrier function. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation events in endothelial integrity and inflammation. The picture that emerges is one of increasing complexity, which is both fascinating and promising given the clinical relevance of vascular integrity in the control of inflammation, and of tissue and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Shakhov AS, Dugina VB, Alieva IB. Structural Features of Actin Cytoskeleton Required for Endotheliocyte Barrier Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:358-369. [PMID: 31228927 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic actin structures are essential components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. According to the classic concepts, actin structures perform contractile and motor functions, ensuring the possibility of cell shape changes during cell spreading, polarization, and movement both in vitro and in vivo, from the early embryogenesis stages and throughout the life of a multicellular organism. Intracellular organization of actin structures, their biochemical composition, and dynamic properties play a key role in the realization of specific cellular and tissue functions and vary in different cell types. This paper is a review of recent studies on the organization and properties of actin structures in endotheliocytes, interaction of these structures with other cytoskeletal components and elements involved in cell adhesion, as well as their role in the functional activity of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - V B Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - I B Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Chen J, Sun L, Ding GB, Chen L, Jiang L, Wang J, Wu J. Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induces Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability Via VE-Cadherin Internalization: Roles of RhoA/ROCK2. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:49-59. [PMID: 31187440 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to a spectrum of neurological diseases such as stroke, and the hyperpermeability of endothelial cells is one of the characters of stroke, which is possibly exacerbated after reperfusion. However, the underlying mechanisms involving hyperpermeability after reperfusion between the endothelial cells remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, the human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic stroke condition in vitro with the aim to investigate the potential mechanisms induced by OGD/R. The permeability of cultured HBMECs was measured using FITC-labeled dextran in a Transwell system and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), while the RhoA activity was detected by pull-down assay. In addition, the phosphorylation of MYPT1, which reflects the activation of ROCK and the internalization of VE-cadherin, was detected by Western blot. It showed that OGD/R treatment significantly increased the permeability of HBMEC monolayers and facilitated the internalization of VE-cadherin in HBMEC monolayers. Pull-down assay showed that RhoA activation was obviously enhanced after OGD/R treatment, while RhoA and ROCK inhibitor significantly reversed OGD/R-induced HBMEC monolayers hyperpermeability and the internalization of VE-cadherin. Meanwhile, the knockdown assay showed that RhoA small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to similar effects. The inactivation of the downstream effector protein ROCK was also examined. Intriguingly, ROCK2 rather than ROCK1 exerted its adverse effects on HBMEC monolayer integrity, since ROCK2 knockdown markedly reverses the injury of OGD/R in HBMEC monolayers. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that OGD/R may induce HBMEC monolayer hyperpermeability via RhoA/ROCK2-mediated VE-cadherin internalization, which may provide an impetus for the development of therapeutics targeting BBB damage in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Bing Ding
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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28
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CSN5 inhibition triggers inflammatory signaling and Rho/ROCK-dependent loss of endothelial integrity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8131. [PMID: 31148579 PMCID: PMC6544660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoGTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, migration and cell-cell adhesion in endothelial cells. Besides regulation at the level of guanine nucleotide binding, they also undergo post-translational modifications, for example ubiquitination. RhoGTPases are ubiquitinated by Cullin RING ligases which are in turn regulated by neddylation. Previously we showed that inhibition of Cullin RING ligase activity by the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 is detrimental for endothelial barrier function, due to accumulation of RhoB and the consequent induction of contractility. Here we analyzed the effect of pharmacological activation of Cullin RING ligases on endothelial barrier integrity in vitro and in vivo. CSN5i-3 induced endothelial barrier disruption and increased macromolecule leakage in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CSN5i-3 strongly induced the expression and activation of RhoB and to lesser extent of RhoA in endothelial cells, which enhanced cell contraction. Elevated expression of RhoGTPases was a consequence of activation of the NF-κB pathway. In line with this notion, CSN5i-3 treatment decreased IκBα expression and increased NF-κB-mediated ICAM-1 expression and consequent adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. This study shows that sustained neddylation of Cullin RING-ligases leads to activation the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells, elevated expression of RhoGTPases, Rho/ROCK-dependent activation of MLC and disruption of the endothelial barrier.
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29
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Pronk MCA, Majolée J, Loregger A, van Bezu JSM, Zelcer N, Hordijk PL, Kovačević I. FBXW7 regulates endothelial barrier function by suppression of the cholesterol synthesis pathway and prenylation of RhoB. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:607-621. [PMID: 30601691 PMCID: PMC6589702 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases control both the actin cytoskeleton and adherens junction stability and are recognized as essential regulators of endothelial barrier function. They act as molecular switches and are primarily regulated by the exchange of GDP and GTP. However, posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, prenylation, and ubiquitination can additionally alter their localization, stability, and activity. F-box proteins are involved in the recognition of substrate proteins predestined for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Given the importance of ubiquitination, we studied the effect of the loss of 62 members of the F-box protein family on endothelial barrier function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelial barrier function was quantified by electrical cell impedance sensing and macromolecule passage assay. Our RNA interference–based screen identified FBXW7 as a key regulator of endothelial barrier function. Mechanistically, loss of FBXW7 induced the accumulation of the RhoB GTPase in endothelial cells, resulting in their increased contractility and permeability. FBXW7 knockdown induced activation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and changed the prenylation of RhoB. This effect was reversed by farnesyl transferase inhibitors and by the addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. In summary, this study identifies FBXW7 as a novel regulator of endothelial barrier function in vitro. Loss of FBXW7 indirectly modulates RhoB activity via alteration of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and, consequently, of the prenylation status and activity of RhoB, resulting in increased contractility and disruption of the endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C A Pronk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan S M van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
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30
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Yeste J, Illa X, Alvarez M, Villa R. Engineering and monitoring cellular barrier models. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:18. [PMID: 30214484 PMCID: PMC6134550 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia and endothelia delineate tissue compartments and control their environments by regulating the passage of ions and solutes. This barrier function is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, and its dysfunction is associated with numerous human diseases. Recent advances in biomaterials and microfabrication technologies have evolved in vitro approaches for modelling biological barriers. Current microphysiological systems have become more efficient and reliable in mimicking the cell microenvironment. Additionally, methods for the quantification of barrier permeability have long provided significant insight into their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we outline the current techniques to quantify the barrier function of engineered tissues, and we also give an overview of recent microphysiological systems of biological barriers that emulate the microenvironment and microarchitecture of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Yeste
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Amado-Azevedo J, de Menezes RX, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL. A functional siRNA screen identifies RhoGTPase-associated genes involved in thrombin-induced endothelial permeability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201231. [PMID: 30048510 PMCID: PMC6062096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin and other inflammatory mediators may induce vascular permeability through the disruption of adherens junctions between adjacent endothelial cells. If uncontrolled, hyperpermeability leads to an impaired barrier, fluid leakage and edema, which can contribute to multi-organ failure and death. RhoGTPases control cytoskeletal dynamics, adhesion and migration and are known regulators of endothelial integrity. Knowledge of the precise role of each RhoGTPase, and their associated regulatory and effector genes, in endothelial integrity is incomplete. Using a combination of a RNAi screen with electrical impedance measurements, we quantified the effect of individually silencing 270 Rho-associated genes on the barrier function of thrombin-activated, primary endothelial cells. Known and novel RhoGTPase-associated regulators that modulate the response to thrombin were identified (RTKN, TIAM2, MLC1, ARPC1B, SEPT2, SLC9A3R1, RACGAP1, RAPGEF2, RHOD, PREX1, ARHGEF7, PLXNB2, ARHGAP45, SRGAP2, ARHGEF5). In conclusion, with this siRNA screen, we confirmed the roles of known regulators of endothelial integrity but also identified new, potential key players in thrombin-induced endothelial signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renee X. de Menezes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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32
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Dynamic of VE-cadherin-mediated spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:173-185. [PMID: 29797291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spermatids are haploid differentiating cells that, in the meantime they differentiate, translocate along the seminiferous epithelium towards the tubule lumen to be just released as spermatozoa. The success of such a migration depends on dynamic of spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts, the molecular nature of which has not been well defined yet. It was demonstrated that the vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) is expressed transitorily in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Here, we evaluated the pattern of VEC expression by immunohistochemistry first in seminiferous tubules at different stages of the epithelial cycle when only unique types of germ cell associations are present. Changes in the pattern of VEC localization according to the step of spermatid differentiation were analysed in detail using testis fragments and spontaneously released germ cells. Utilizing the first wave of spermatogenesis as an in vivo model to have at disposal spermatids at progressive steps of differentiation, we checked for level of looser VEC association with the membrane by performing protein solubilisation under mild detergent conditions and assays through VEC-immunoblotting. Being changes in VEC solubilisation paralleled in changes in phosphotyrosine (pY) content, we evaluated if spermatid VEC undergoes Y658 phosphorylation and if this correlates with VEC solubilisation and spermatid progression in differentiation. Altogether, our study shows a temporally restricted pattern of VEC expression that culminates with the presence of round spermatids to progressively decrease starting from spermatid elongation. Conversely, pY658-VEC signs elongating spermatids; its intracellular polarized compartmentalization suggests a possible involvement of pY658-VEC in the acquisition of spermatid cell polarity.
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33
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Ju JA, Gilkes DM. RhoB: Team Oncogene or Team Tumor Suppressor? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E67. [PMID: 29385717 PMCID: PMC5852563 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Rho GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC share more than 85% amino acid sequence identity, they play very distinct roles in tumor progression. RhoA and RhoC have been suggested in many studies to contribute positively to tumor development, but the role of RhoB in cancer remains elusive. RhoB contains a unique C-terminal region that undergoes specific post-translational modifications affecting its localization and function. In contrast to RhoA and RhoC, RhoB not only localizes at the plasma membrane, but also on endosomes, multivesicular bodies and has even been identified in the nucleus. These unique features are what contribute to the diversity and potentially opposing functions of RhoB in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss the dualistic role that RhoB plays as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in the context of cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Ju
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Kovačević I, Sakaue T, Majoleé J, Pronk MC, Maekawa M, Geerts D, Fernandez-Borja M, Higashiyama S, Hordijk PL. The Cullin-3-Rbx1-KCTD10 complex controls endothelial barrier function via K63 ubiquitination of RhoB. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1015-1032. [PMID: 29358211 PMCID: PMC5839774 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The RhoA GTPase controls endothelial cell migration, adhesion, and barrier formation but the role of RhoB is unclear. Kovačević et al. now discover that RhoB is ubiquitinated by the CUL3–Rbx1–KCTD10 complex and that this is a prerequisite for lysosomal degradation of RhoB and the maintenance of endothelial barrier integrity. RhoGTPases control endothelial cell (EC) migration, adhesion, and barrier formation. Whereas the relevance of RhoA for endothelial barrier function is widely accepted, the role of the RhoA homologue RhoB is poorly defined. RhoB and RhoA are 85% identical, but RhoB’s subcellular localization and half-life are uniquely different. Here, we studied the role of ubiquitination for the function and stability of RhoB in primary human ECs. We show that the K63 polyubiquitination at lysine 162 and 181 of RhoB targets the protein to lysosomes. Moreover, we identified the RING E3 ligase complex Cullin-3–Rbx1–KCTD10 as key modulator of endothelial barrier integrity via its regulation of the ubiquitination, localization, and activity of RhoB. In conclusion, our data show that ubiquitination controls the subcellular localization and lysosomal degradation of RhoB and thereby regulates the stability of the endothelial barrier through control of RhoB-mediated EC contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kovačević
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jisca Majoleé
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manon C Pronk
- Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mar Fernandez-Borja
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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35
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The minor histocompatibility antigen 1 (HMHA1)/ArhGAP45 is a RacGAP and a novel regulator of endothelial integrity. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 101:38-47. [PMID: 29174013 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the vasculature and act as gatekeepers that control the passage of plasma, macromolecules and cells from the circulation to the interstitial space. Dysfunction of the endothelial barrier can lead to uncontrolled leak or edema. Vascular leakage is a hallmark of a range of diseases and despite its large impact no specialized therapies are available to prevent or reduce it. RhoGTPases are known key regulators of cellular behavior that are directly involved in the regulation of the endothelial barrier. We recently performed a comprehensive analysis of the effect of all RhoGTPases and their regulators on basal endothelial integrity. In addition to novel positive regulators of endothelial barrier function, we also identified novel negative regulators, of which the ArhGAP45 (also known as HMHA1) was the most significant. We now demonstrate that ArhGAP45 acts as a Rac-GAP (GTPase-Activating Protein) in endothelial cells, which explains its negative effect on endothelial barrier function. Silencing ArhGAP45 not only promotes basal endothelial barrier function, but also increases cellular surface area and induces sprout formation in a 3D-fibrin matrix. Our data further shows that loss of ArhGAP45 promotes migration and shear stress adaptation. In conclusion, we identify ArhGAP45 (HMHA1) as a novel regulator, which contributes to the fine-tuning of the regulation of basal endothelial integrity.
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