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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Hijazi A, Galon J. Principles of risk assessment in colon cancer: immunity is key. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2347441. [PMID: 38694625 PMCID: PMC11062361 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2347441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) following tumor surgical resection raises a critical dilemma for stage II colon cancer (CC) patients. The prognostic features used to identify high-risk CC patients rely on the pathological assessment of tumor cells. Currently, these factors are considered for stratifying patients who may benefit from ACT at early CC stages. However, the extent to which these factors predict clinical outcomes (i.e. recurrence, survival) remains highly controversial, also uncertainty persists regarding patients' response to treatment, necessitating further investigation. Therefore, an imperious need is to explore novel biomarkers that can reliably stratify patients at risk, to optimize adjuvant treatment decisions. Recently, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of Immunoscore (IS), an immune digital-pathology assay, in stage II CC patients. IS emerged as the sole significant parameter for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) in high-risk patients. Moreover, IS effectively stratified patients who would benefit most from ACT based on their risk of recurrence, thus predicting their outcomes. Notably, our findings revealed that digital IS outperformed the visual quantitative assessment of the immune response conducted by expert pathologists. The latest edition of the WHO classification for digestive tumor has introduced the evaluation of the immune response, as assessed by IS, as desirable and essential diagnostic criterion. This supports the revision of current cancer guidelines and strongly recommends the implementation of IS into clinical practice as a patient stratification tool, to guide CC treatment decisions. This approach may provide appropriate personalized therapeutic decisions that could critically impact early-stage CC patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Hijazi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Veracyte, Marseille, France
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3
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Hijazi A, Bifulco C, Baldin P, Galon J. Digital Pathology for Better Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1686. [PMID: 38730638 PMCID: PMC11083211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Digital pathology (DP) is transforming the landscape of clinical practice, offering a revolutionary approach to traditional pathology analysis and diagnosis. (2) Methods: This innovative technology involves the digitization of traditional glass slides which enables pathologists to access, analyze, and share high-resolution whole-slide images (WSI) of tissue specimens in a digital format. By integrating cutting-edge imaging technology with advanced software, DP promises to enhance clinical practice in numerous ways. DP not only improves quality assurance and standardization but also allows remote collaboration among experts for a more accurate diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology significantly improves cancer diagnosis, classification, and prognosis by automating various tasks. It also enhances the spatial analysis of tumor microenvironment (TME) and enables the discovery of new biomarkers, advancing their translation for therapeutic applications. (3) Results: The AI-driven immune assays, Immunoscore (IS) and Immunoscore-Immune Checkpoint (IS-IC), have emerged as powerful tools for improving cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection by assessing the tumor immune contexture in cancer patients. Digital IS quantitative assessment performed on hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and CD3+/CD8+ stained slides from colon cancer patients has proven to be more reproducible, concordant, and reliable than expert pathologists' evaluation of immune response. Outperforming traditional staging systems, IS demonstrated robust potential to enhance treatment efficiency in clinical practice, ultimately advancing cancer patient care. Certainly, addressing the challenges DP has encountered is essential to ensure its successful integration into clinical guidelines and its implementation into clinical use. (4) Conclusion: The ongoing progress in DP holds the potential to revolutionize pathology practices, emphasizing the need to incorporate powerful AI technologies, including IS, into clinical settings to enhance personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Hijazi
- The French National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM), Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Providence Genomics, Portland, OR 02912, USA;
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Pamela Baldin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jérôme Galon
- The French National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM), Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Veracyte, 13009 Marseille, France
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4
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Galluzzi L, Guilbaud E, Schmidt D, Kroemer G, Marincola FM. Targeting immunogenic cell stress and death for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024:10.1038/s41573-024-00920-9. [PMID: 38622310 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which results from insufficient cellular adaptation to specific stressors, occupies a central position in the development of novel anticancer treatments. Several therapeutic strategies to elicit ICD - either as standalone approaches or as means to convert immunologically cold tumours that are insensitive to immunotherapy into hot and immunotherapy-sensitive lesions - are being actively pursued. However, the development of ICD-inducing treatments is hindered by various obstacles. Some of these relate to the intrinsic complexity of cancer cell biology, whereas others arise from the use of conventional therapeutic strategies that were developed according to immune-agnostic principles. Moreover, current discovery platforms for the development of novel ICD inducers suffer from limitations that must be addressed to improve bench-to-bedside translational efforts. An improved appreciation of the conceptual difference between key factors that discriminate distinct forms of cell death will assist the design of clinically viable ICD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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5
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Chen X, Liu J, Li Y, Zeng Y, Wang F, Cheng Z, Duan H, Pan G, Yang S, Chen Y, Li Q, Shen X, Li Y, Qin Z, Chen J, Huang Y, Wang X, Lu Y, Shu M, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li K, Lin X, Xing F, Zhang H. IDH1 mutation impairs antiviral response and potentiates oncolytic virotherapy in glioma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6781. [PMID: 37880243 PMCID: PMC10600173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH1 mutations frequently occur early in human glioma. While IDH1 mutation has been shown to promote gliomagenesis via DNA and histone methylation, little is known regarding its regulation in antiviral immunity. Here, we discover that IDH1 mutation inhibits virus-induced interferon (IFN) antiviral responses in glioma cells. Mechanistically, D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 enhances the binding of DNMT1 to IRF3/7 promoters such that IRF3/7 are downregulated, leading to impaired type I IFN response in glioma cells, which enhances the susceptibility of gliomas to viral infection. Furthermore, we identify DNMT1 as a potential biomarker predicting which IDH1mut gliomas are most likely to respond to oncolytic virus. Finally, both D2HG and ectopic mutant IDH1 can potentiate the replication and oncolytic efficacy of VSVΔ51 in female mouse models. These findings reveal a pivotal role for IDH1 mutation in regulating antiviral response and demonstrate that IDH1 mutation confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuequan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zexiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guopeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) & Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Youwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 515000, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minfeng Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) & Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fan Xing
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Willis J, Anders RA, Torigoe T, Hirohashi Y, Bifulco C, Zlobec I, Mlecnik B, Demaria S, Choi WT, Dundr P, Tatangelo F, Di Mauro A, Baldin P, Bindea G, Marliot F, Haicheur N, Fredriksen T, Kirilovsky A, Buttard B, Vasaturo A, Lafontaine L, Maby P, El Sissy C, Hijazi A, Majdi A, Lagorce C, Berger A, Van den Eynde M, Pagès F, Lugli A, Galon J. Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Pathologists' Assessment Compared to Immunoscore. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4045. [PMID: 37627073 PMCID: PMC10452341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Immunoscore (IS) is a quantitative digital pathology assay that evaluates the immune response in cancer patients. This study reports on the reproducibility of pathologists' visual assessment of CD3+- and CD8+-stained colon tumors, compared to IS quantification. METHODS An international group of expert pathologists evaluated 540 images from 270 randomly selected colon cancer (CC) cases. Concordance between pathologists' T-score, corresponding hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides, and the digital IS was evaluated for two- and three-category IS. RESULTS Non-concordant T-scores were reported in more than 92% of cases. Disagreement between semi-quantitative visual assessment of T-score and the reference IS was observed in 91% and 96% of cases before and after training, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that the concordance index between pathologists and the digital IS was weak in two- and three-category IS, respectively. After training, 42% of cases had a change in T-score, but no improvement was observed with a Kappa of 0.465 and 0.374. For the 20% of patients around the cut points, no concordance was observed between pathologists and digital pathology analysis in both two- and three-category IS, before or after training (all Kappa < 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The standardized IS assay outperformed expert pathologists' T-score evaluation in the clinical setting. This study demonstrates that digital pathology, in particular digital IS, represents a novel generation of immune pathology tools for reproducible and quantitative assessment of tumor-infiltrated immune cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Willis
- Department of Pathology, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | | | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genomics, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA;
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (I.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Bernhard Mlecnik
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Won-Tak Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.T.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.T.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Pamela Baldin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole GAEN), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Marliot
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nacilla Haicheur
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tessa Fredriksen
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amos Kirilovsky
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Buttard
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angela Vasaturo
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Lafontaine
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Maby
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Assia Hijazi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amine Majdi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christine Lagorce
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Berger
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Digestive Surgery Department, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Van den Eynde
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1030 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Franck Pagès
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Lugli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (I.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
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Hijazi A, Antoniotti C, Cremolini C, Galon J. Light on life: immunoscore immune-checkpoint, a predictor of immunotherapy response. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2243169. [PMID: 37554310 PMCID: PMC10405746 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2243169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a plethora of immunotherapeutic strategies have been designed to modulate the tumor immune microenvironment. In particular, immune checkpoint (IC) blockade therapies present the most promising advances made in cancer treatment in recent years. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), biomarkers predicting response to IC treatments are currently lacking. We have recently identified Immunoscore-IC, a powerful biomarker that predicts the efficiency of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in NSCLC patients. Immunoscore-IC is an in vitro diagnostic assay that quantifies densities of PD-L1+, CD8+ cells, and distances between CD8+ and PD-L1+ cells in the tumor microenvironment. Immunoscore-IC can classify responder vs non-responder NSCLC patients for ICIs therapy and is revealed as a promising predictive marker of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in these patients. Immunoscore-IC has also shown a significant predictive value, superior to the currently used PD-L1 marker. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the addition of atezolizumab to first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with previously untreated metastatic CRC. In the AtezoTRIBE trial, Immunoscore-IC emerged as the first biomarker with robust predictive value in stratifying pMMR metastatic CRC patients who critically benefit from checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, Immunoscore-IC could be a universal biomarker to predict response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy across multiple cancer indications. Therefore, cancer patient stratification (by Immunoscore-IC), based on the presence of T lymphocytes and PD-L1 potentially provides support for clinicians to guide them through combination cancer treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Hijazi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carlotta Antoniotti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Veracyte, Marseille, France
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8
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Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in the immune compartment of colon carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1740-1748. [PMID: 35773332 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells is a significant prognostic biomarker for a number of malignancies, although less is known about the significance of PD-L1 positive immune cells in colon carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of PD-L1 in a large cohort of colon carcinomas to identify patterns of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment and its correlation with other key immune subsets to better understand the impact of these immune cells. We assessed 1218 colon carcinomas on representative tissue microarray sections, gathered relevant clinicopathologic information, and performed immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins, CD8, CD163, LAG3, PD-L1, FoxP3, and BRAF V600E. We then performed automated quantification; manual quantification was used for PD-L1 tumor cells and immune cells. Dual PD-L1/PU.1 immunostain was also performed. The majority of PD-L1 positive cells expressed PU.1 thus representing tumor-associated macrophages. Based on the median number of PD-L1 positive immune cells (7.6/mm2), we classified tumors into two classes: (1) PD-L1 immune cell low and (2) PD-L1 immune cell high. PD-L1 immune cell high colon carcinomas showed favorable prognostic pathologic features including less frequent extramural venous invasion (p = 0.0001) and lower AJCC stage (p = 0.0001); they were also more commonly associated with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) (p = 0.0001) and BRAF V600E reactivity. PD-LI immune cell high tumors were associated with high CD8, CD163, and FoxP3 positive cells (p = 0.0001, respectively). PD-L1 immune cell high and LAG3 high colon carcinomas were associated with improved disease-specific survival (p = 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively). PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was not associated with disease-specific survival. On multivariate analysis of chemotherapy naïve stage 2 colon carcinomas, only extramural venous invasion (p = 0.002), perineural invasion (p = 0.001) and PD-L1 immune cell expression (p = 0.032) correlated with disease-specific survival. Resected colonic carcinomas with high expression of PD-L1 and LAG3 proteins on immune cells were associated with improved prognosis in colon carcinoma. The mechanism underlying the improved prognosis of colon carcinomas bearing high numbers of immunoregulatory cells needs further investigation.
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9
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Current landscape and perspective of oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101530. [PMID: 36095879 PMCID: PMC9472052 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has become an important branch of cancer immunotherapy in clinical practice. Multiple viruses can be engineered to be OVs and armed with anticancer genes to enhance their efficacy. OVs can reshape TME and produce synergistic anticancer efficacy when combined with other therapies. Safety and effectiveness are the main direction of future research and development of OVs.
Oncolytic virotherapy has become an important strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic virus (OV) can reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) through its replication-mediated oncolysis and transgene-produced anticancer effect, inducing an antitumor immune response and creating favorable conditions for the combination of other therapeutic measures. Extensive preclinical and clinical data have suggested that OV-based combination therapy has definite efficacy and promising prospects. Recently, several clinical trials of oncolytic virotherapy combined with immunotherapy have made breakthroughs. This review comprehensively elaborates the OV types and their targeting mechanisms, the selection of anticancer genes armed in OVs, and the therapeutic modes of action and strategies of OVs to provide a theoretical basis for the better design and construction of OVs and the optimization of OV-based therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Huang F, Dai C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ru G. Development of Molecular Mechanisms and Their Application on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889403. [PMID: 35860357 PMCID: PMC9289221 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the destruction or mutation of cellular genetic materials induced by environmental or genetic factors. It is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormality of the apoptotic pathways. The majority of human malignancies are characterized by distant metastasis and dissemination. Currently, the most common means of cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which usually damage healthy cells and cause toxicity in patients. Targeted therapy is an effective tumor treatment method with few side effects. At present, some targeted therapeutic drugs have achieved encouraging results in clinical studies, but finding an effective solution to improve the targeting and delivery efficiency of these drugs remains a challenge. In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used to direct the tumor-targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a solid oncolytic agent capable of directly killing tumor cells and increasing tumor antigen exposure. Simultaneously, NDV can trigger the proliferation of tumor-specific immune cells and thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of NDV in cancer. Based on NDV’s inherent oncolytic activity and the stimulation of antitumor immune responses, the combination of NDV and other tumor therapy approaches can improve the antitumor efficacy while reducing drug toxicity, indicating a broad application potential. We discussed the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in the field of tumor therapy in this review. Furthermore, we presented new insights into the challenges that NDV will confront and suggestions for increasing NDV’s therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjing Dai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youni Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
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11
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Huang L, Zhao H, Shan M, Chen H, Xu B, He Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Chen J, Xu Q. Oncolytic adenovirus H101 ameliorate the efficacy of anti-PD-1 monotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4575-4587. [PMID: 35762456 PMCID: PMC9741988 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade therapy with anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibodies provides therapeutic effect for many patients of various cancers but remains inadequate in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus (OncoAd ) in enhancing the anti-PD-1 treatment of CRC. METHODS The estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts algorithm was used for estimating the infiltrated immune cells in melanoma and CRC tissues. The efficacy of OncoAd with anti-PD-1 monotherapy was performed in a CT26 CRC mouse model in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and tumor tissues determined the difference anti-tumor immune efficacy of OncoAd with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. RESULTS The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells were significantly elevated in melanoma compared to CRC cohorts. Moreover, intratumor injection of oncolytic adenovirus enhanced T cell infiltration and decreased Treg percentages in the CT26 CRC colorectal cancer mouse model. Combinatorial OncoAd with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment markedly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 by significantly decreasing the tumor volume and reducing tumor growth in a CRC mouse model. To the end, OncoAd treatment increased the CD8/Treg ratio, indicating that OncoAd intratumor injection ameliorate the anti-tumor immune response of anti-PD-1 therapy. CONCLUSION The present study elucidates that OncoAd promotes intratumor T cell infiltration and improves anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, thereby providing a potent combinatorial therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Huaxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShangaiChina
| | - Yang He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina,Anhui Medical UniversityHeFeiChina
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12
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Yuan B, Wang G, Tang X, Tong A, Zhou L. Immunotherapy of glioblastoma: recent advances and future prospects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2055417. [PMID: 35344682 PMCID: PMC9248956 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2055417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most common, aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumor conferring a devastatingly poor prognosis. Despite aggressive standard-of-care in surgical resection and chemoradiation with temozolomide, the median overall survival of patients still remains no longer than 15 months, due to significant tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppression induced by the tumor immune microenvironment and low mutational burden. Advances in immunotherapeutic approaches have revolutionized the treatment of various cancer types and become conceptually attractive for glioblastoma. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic knowledge underlying immune targeting and promising immunotherapeutic strategies including CAR T cells, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, and checkpoint blockade inhibitors that have been recently investigated in glioblastoma. Current clinical trials and previous clinical trial findings are discussed, shedding light on novel strategies to overcome various limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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13
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Beiss V, Mao C, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Outperforms Other Members of the Secoviridae as In Situ Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1573-1585. [PMID: 35333531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In situ vaccination for cancer immunotherapy uses intratumoral administration of small molecules, proteins, nanoparticles, or viruses that activate pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and prime systemic antitumor immunity. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that─while noninfectious toward mammals─activates mammalian PRRs. Application of CPMV as in situ vaccine (ISV) results in a potent and durable efficacy in tumor mouse models and canine patients; data indicate that CPMV outperforms small molecule PRR agonists and other nonrelated plant viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs). In this work, we set out to compare the potency of CPMV versus other plant viruses from the Secoviridae. We developed protocols to produce and isolate cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) and tobacco ring spot virus (TRSV) from plants. CPSMV, like CPMV, is a comovirus with genome and protein homology, while TRSV lacks homology and is from the genus nepovirus. When applied as ISV in a mouse model of dermal melanoma (using B16F10 cells and C57Bl6J mice), CPMV outperformed CPSMV and TRSV─again highlighting the unique potency of CPMV. Mechanistically, the increased potency is related to increased signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs)─in particular, CPMV signals through TLR2, 4, and 7. Using knockout (KO) mouse models, we demonstrate here that all three plant viruses signal through the adaptor molecule MyD88─with CPSMV and TRSV predominantly activating TLR2 and 4. CPMV induced significantly more interferon β (IFNβ) compared to TRSV and CPSMV; therefore, IFNβ released upon signaling through TLR7 may be a differentiator for the observed potency of CPMV-ISV. Additionally, CPMV induced a different temporal pattern of intratumoral cytokine generation characterized by significantly increased inflammatory cytokines 4 days after the second of 2 weekly treatments, as if CPMV induced a "memory response". This higher, longer-lasting induction of cytokines may be another key differentiator that explains the unique potency of CPMV-ISV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Beiss
- Departments of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Departments of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States.,Departments of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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14
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Suryawanshi YR, Nace RA, Russell SJ, Schulze AJ. MicroRNA-detargeting proves more effective than leader gene deletion for improving safety of oncolytic Mengovirus in a nude mouse model. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 23:1-13. [PMID: 34589580 PMCID: PMC8455367 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual microRNA-detargeted oncolytic Mengovirus, vMC24NC, proved highly effective against a murine plasmacytoma in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model; however, there remains the concern of escape mutant development and the potential for toxicity in severely immunocompromised cancer patients when it is used as an oncolytic virus. Therefore, we sought to compare the safety and efficacy profiles of an attenuated Mengovirus containing a virulence gene deletion versus vMC24NC in an immunodeficient xenograft mouse model of human glioblastoma. A Mengovirus construct, vMC24ΔL, wherein the gene coding for the leader protein, a virulence factor, was deleted, was used for comparison. The vMC24ΔL induced significant levels of toxicity following treatment of subcutaneous human glioblastoma (U87-MG) xenografts as well as when injected intracranially in athymic nude mice, reducing the overall survival. The in vivo toxicity of vMC24ΔL was associated with viral replication in nervous and cardiac tissue. In contrast, microRNA-detargeted vMC24NC demonstrated excellent efficacy against U87-MG subcutaneous xenografts and improved overall survival significantly compared to that of control mice without toxicity. These results reinforce microRNA-detargeting as an effective strategy for ameliorating unwanted toxicities of oncolytic picornaviruses and substantiate vMC24NC as an ideal candidate for clinical development against certain cancers in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh R. Suryawanshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Autumn J. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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15
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Oncolytic viruses: A novel treatment strategy for breast cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 10:430-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Zhu YC, Elsheikha HM, Wang JH, Fang S, He JJ, Zhu XQ, Chen J. Synergy between Toxoplasma gondii type I Δ GRA17 immunotherapy and PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition triggers the regression of targeted and distal tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002970. [PMID: 34725213 PMCID: PMC8562526 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we hypothesize that the ability of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii to modulate immune response within the tumor might improve the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade. We examined the synergetic therapeutic activity of attenuated T. gondii RH ΔGRA17 strain and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment on both targeted and distal tumors in mice. Methods The effects of administration of T. gondii RH ΔGRA17 strain on the tumor volume and survival rate of mice bearing flank B16-F10, MC38, or LLC tumors were studied. We characterized the effects of ΔGRA17 on tumor biomarkers’ expression, PD-L1 expression, immune cells infiltrating the tumors, and expression of immune-related genes by using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, NanoString platform, and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. The role of immune cells in the efficacy of ΔGRA17 plus PD-L1 blockade therapy was determined via depletion of immune cell subtypes. Results Treatment with T. gondii ΔGRA17 tachyzoites and anti-PD-L1 therapy significantly extended the survival of mice and suppressed tumor growth in preclinical mouse models of melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma. Attenuation of the tumor growth was detected in the injected and distant tumors, which was associated with upregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways. Complete regression of tumors was underpinned by late interferon-gamma-producing CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Conclusion The results from these models indicate that intratumoral injection of ΔGRA17 induced a systemic effect, improved mouse immune response, and sensitized immunologically ‘cold’ tumors and rendered them sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Immunology Innovation Team, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Immunology Innovation Team, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Immunology Innovation Team, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China .,Immunology Innovation Team, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Humeau J, Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Pol JG. Trial watch: intratumoral immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1984677. [PMID: 34676147 PMCID: PMC8526014 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1984677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain the first-line approaches for the management of most unresectable tumors, immunotherapy has emerged in the past two decades as a game-changing treatment, notably with the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapies aim at (re)activating anticancer immune responses which occur in two main steps: (1) the activation and expansion of tumor-specific T cells following cross-presentation of tumor antigens by specialized myeloid cells (priming phase); and (2) the immunological clearance of malignant cells by these antitumor T lymphocytes (effector phase). Therapeutic vaccines, adjuvants, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, immunogenic cell death-inducing agents including oncolytic viruses, anthracycline-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as adoptive cell transfer, all act at different levels of this cascade to (re)instate cancer immunosurveillance. Intratumoral delivery of these immunotherapeutics is being tested in clinical trials to promote superior antitumor immune activity in the context of limited systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Humeau
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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18
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Huang FY, Wang JY, Dai SZ, Lin YY, Sun Y, Zhang L, Lu Z, Cao R, Tan GH. A recombinant oncolytic Newcastle virus expressing MIP-3α promotes systemic antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000330. [PMID: 32759233 PMCID: PMC7410001 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is inherently able to trigger the lysis of tumor cells and induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and is also an excellent gene-engineering vector. The macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) is a specific chemokine for dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, we constructed a recombinant NDV expressing MIP-3α (NDV-MIP3α) as an in vivo DC vaccine for amplifying antitumor immunities. METHODS The recombinant NDV-MIP3α was constructed by the insertion of MIP-3α cDNA between the P and M genes. Western blotting assay and ELISA were used to detect MIP-3α, HMGB1, IgG, and ATP in the supernatant and sera. The chemotaxis of DCs was examined by Transwell chambers. The phenotypes of the immune cells (eg, DCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antitumor efficiency of NDV-MIP3α was observed in B16 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were applied to observe the ecto-calreticulin (CRT) and intratumoral attraction of DCs. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes and antibodies and depletion of T-cell subsets were used to evaluate the relationship between antitumor immunities and the role of the T-cell subtype. RESULTS The findings show that NDV-MIP3α has almost the same capabilities of tumor lysis and induction of ICD as the wild-type NDV (NDV-WT). MIP-3α secreted by NDV-MIP3α could successfully attract DCs in vitro and in vivo. Both B16 and CT26 cells infected with NDV-MIP3α could strongly promote DC maturation and activation. Compared with NDV-WT, intratumoral injection of NDV-MIP3α and the adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from mice injected with NDV-MIP3α resulted in a significant suppression of B16 and CT26 tumor growth. The NDV-MIP3α-induced production of tumor-specific cellular and humoral immune responses was dependent on CD8+ T cells and partially on CD4+ T cells. A significant reversion of tumor microenvironments was found in the mice injected with NDV-MIP3α. CONCLUSIONS Compared with NDV-WT, the recombinant NDV-MIP3α as an in vivo DC vaccine demonstrates enhanced antitumor activities through the induction of stronger system immunities and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This strategy may be a potential approach for the generation of an in vivo DC vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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19
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Oncolytic Viruses for Malignant Glioma: On the Verge of Success? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071294. [PMID: 34372501 PMCID: PMC8310195 DOI: 10.3390/v13071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most difficult tumor types to treat with conventional therapy options like tumor debulking and chemo- and radiotherapy. Immunotherapeutic agents like oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their success in glioblastoma remains limited and further optimization of immunotherapies is needed. Several oncolytic viruses have demonstrated the ability to infect tumors and trigger anti-tumor immune responses in malignant glioma patients. Leading the pack, oncolytic herpesvirus, first in its class, awaits an approval for treating malignant glioma from MHLW, the federal authority of Japan. Nevertheless, some major hurdles like the blood–brain barrier, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity can engender suboptimal efficacy in malignant glioma. In this review, we discuss the current status of malignant glioma therapies with a focus on oncolytic viruses in clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss the obstacles faced by oncolytic viruses in malignant glioma patients and strategies that are being used to overcome these limitations to (1) optimize delivery of oncolytic viruses beyond the blood–brain barrier; (2) trigger inflammatory immune responses in and around tumors; and (3) use multimodal therapies in combination to tackle tumor heterogeneity, with an end goal of optimizing the therapeutic outcome of oncolytic virotherapy.
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20
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Shahnazari M, Samadi P, Pourjafar M, Jalali A. Cell-based immunotherapy approaches for colorectal cancer: main achievements and challenges. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3253-3270. [PMID: 34156258 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid tumors, including subsets of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The successes with immunotherapy alone has largely been achieved in patients with advanced-stage mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) CRCs. However, the benefits of immunotherapy have not been demonstrated to be effective in patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CRC, who are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or have low levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-L). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the immune microenvironment of CRC tumors and describe the rapid pace of scientific changes. We discuss the tremendous promise of cell-based immunotherapy strategies that are under preclinical studies/clinical trials or being used in therapeutic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahnazari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mona Pourjafar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering Immunological Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
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21
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Abstract
Early intervention and risk stratification solutions for lung cancer are limited by our understanding of how carcinogenesis transforms the pre-invasive epithelium and its microenvironment before the carcinoma stage. We describe the sequence of molecular and cellular changes leading to cancer formation and the co-evolution of the earliest immune response. We revealed that immune sensing, infiltration and activation of immune cells, immune escape, and microenvironment reorganization occur early in pre-cancer. These findings urge the need for broadening the scope of the established immunotherapy approaches toward prophylactic cancer treatment and preventive intervention. Leveraging the immune contexture and the mechanisms of immune modulation for individuals at risk of developing cancer and further to the general population will allow for early detection, chemoprevention, and risk stratification in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Angelova
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France.,Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Céline Mascaux
- Service De Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Université De Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, IRFAC, Laboratory Streinth (Stress REsponse and INnovative THerapy against Cancer), ITI InnoVec, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France
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22
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Maby P, Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Galon J. License to kill: microsatellite instability and immune contexture. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1905935. [PMID: 33868790 PMCID: PMC8023238 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1905935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability (MSI) are due to a defect in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system resulting in an accumulation of frame-shift mutations. They are characterized by a tumor microenvironment richer in cytotoxic CD8 T-cells (CTLs) and a better prognosis compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) CRCs. The mechanisms by which defective MMR system may influence tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their impact on patient survival were still unclear. Thus, we performed a comprehensive analysis of MSI colorectal tumors. We found that the numbers of frame-shift mutations potentially resulting in neo-epitopes were positively correlated to the density of tumor infiltrating CD8 T-cells but were lower than expected at random. We also evidenced that MSI patients could naturally harbor CTLs targeting frame-shift mutation-derived antigens. This favors the hypothesis of an active immunosurveillance in MSI colorectal tumors leading to the genetic evidence of an immunoediting. To evaluate the link between MSI tumor immune contexture and prognosis, we took advantage of a standardized assay that we developed to quantify tumor-infiltrating T-cells, the Immunoscore. Multivariate analyses revealed an advantage of Immunoscore over MSI in predicting recurrence and survival. Our data suggests that the prognostic value of MSI could be attributed to major underlying differences of infiltrating immune cells. Immunotherapeutic treatments, that are more efficient in patients with a preexisting anti-tumor immunity, were approved in MSI patients following successful clinical trials. We suggest that the Immunoscore could be used not only for colorectal tumor prognosis but also for predicting responses to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maby
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Mlecnik
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France
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23
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Zheng B, Xu Y, Huang M, Li X, Wang T, Ming D. Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nongenetically Modified Viruses as an Immune Agonist for Systemic Elimination of Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53691-53704. [PMID: 33206505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-based cancer therapy is nowadays considered as an interesting approach, especially with viruses which are attracting more attention owing to their simple structure and nanoscale. However, because of the need for cumbersome genetic modification and poor biosafety, its application is seriously limited. Here, nonpathogenic natural Sendai viruses (SEVs) are used as an alternative immune agonist after being mineralized by calcium ions. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that virus-inorganic hybrids can effectively excite antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Then, the tumor antigens were released in large amounts by photothermal damage. Meanwhile, these released antigens were presented to lymph nodes to mature antitumor T lymphocytes via the peritumoral APCs previously recruited by the SEV. Our results demonstrated that even after administration at one point, the nanohybrids could still effectively stimulate systemic antitumor immune response to suppress the potential cancer metastatic spread. The bio-inorganic hybrid nongenetically modified virus-inorganic nanocomposites might serve as an alternative strategy for synergistic immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengqian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianhuang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Menotti L, Avitabile E. Herpes Simplex Virus Oncolytic Immunovirotherapy: The Blossoming Branch of Multimodal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218310. [PMID: 33167582 PMCID: PMC7664223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are smart therapeutics against cancer due to their potential to replicate and produce the needed therapeutic dose in the tumor, and to their ability to self-exhaust upon tumor clearance. Oncolytic virotherapy strategies based on the herpes simplex virus are reaching their thirties, and a wide variety of approaches has been envisioned and tested in many different models, and on a range of tumor targets. This huge effort has culminated in the primacy of an oncolytic HSV (oHSV) being the first oncolytic virus to be approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical use, for the treatment of advanced melanoma. The path has just been opened; many more cancer types with poor prognosis await effective and innovative therapies, and oHSVs could provide a promising solution, especially as combination therapies and immunovirotherapies. In this review, we analyze the most recent advances in this field, and try to envision the future ahead of oHSVs.
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25
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Abstract
Tumors represent a hostile environment for the effector cells of cancer immunosurveillance. Immunosuppressive receptors and soluble or membrane-bound ligands are abundantly exposed and released by malignant entities and their stromal accomplices. As a consequence, executioners of antitumor immunity inefficiently navigate across cancer tissues and fail to eliminate malignant targets. By inducing immunogenic cancer cell death, oncolytic viruses profoundly reshape the tumor microenvironment. They trigger the local spread of danger signals and tumor-associated (as well as viral) antigens, thus attracting antigen-presenting cells, promoting the activation and expansion of lymphocytic populations, facilitating their infiltration in the tumor bed, and reinvigorating cytotoxic immune activity. The present review recapitulates key chemokines, growth factors and other cytokines that orchestrate this ballet of antitumoral leukocytes upon oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France.
| | - Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Hochman JH. Adapting ADME and Pharmacokinetic Analysis to the Next Generation of Therapeutic Modalities. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:35-41. [PMID: 33049260 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of multiple drug modalities over the past 20 years has dramatically expanded the therapeutic space for intervention in disease processes. Rather than being alternative therapeutic approaches, these modalities tend to be complimentary both in the scope of target space and the biological mechanisms harnessed for disease control. Realization of these therapeutic opportunities requires an understanding of the physiological, biochemical and biological barriers that control exposure to the drug target and resulting biological response. Consequently, successful application of ADME and PK/PD to characterization of novel therapeutics needs to consider the unique attributes conferred by the therapeutic modality and the desired and potential off-target biological responses. The discussion that follows provides examples of how barriers to exposure, and translation of exposure to efficacy can change across different modalities. Additionally, recommendations are made for ADME analysis in which biological barriers and mechanistic properties unique to specific modalities are used to focus ADME PK optimization and characterization.
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27
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Béguin J, Foloppe J, Maurey C, Laloy E, Hortelano J, Nourtier V, Pichon C, Cochin S, Cordier P, Huet H, Quemeneur E, Klonjkowski B, Erbs P. Preclinical Evaluation of the Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus TG6002 by Translational Research on Canine Breast Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:57-66. [PMID: 33072863 PMCID: PMC7533293 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. TG6002 is a recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus deleted in the thymidine kinase and ribonucleotide reductase genes and armed with the suicide gene FCU1, which encodes a bifunctional chimeric protein that efficiently catalyzes the direct conversion of the nontoxic 5-fluorocytosine into the toxic metabolite 5-fluorouracil. In translational research, canine tumors and especially mammary cancers are relevant surrogates for human cancers and can be used as preclinical models. Here, we report that TG6002 is able to replicate in canine tumor cell lines and is oncolytic in such cells cultured in 2D or 3D as well as canine mammary tumor explants. Furthermore, intratumoral injections of TG6002 lead to inhibition of the proliferation of canine tumor cells grafted into mice. 5-fluorocytosine treatment of mice significantly improves the anti-tumoral activity of TG6002 infection, a finding that can be correlated with its conversion into 5-fluorouracil within infected fresh canine tumor biopsies. In conclusion, our study suggests that TG6002 associated with 5-fluorocytosine is a promising therapy for human and canine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Béguin
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
- Corresponding author: Jérémy Béguin, UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
| | - Johann Foloppe
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Christelle Maurey
- Service de Médecine Interne, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Eve Laloy
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
- Laboratoire d’Anatomo-cytopathologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Julie Hortelano
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Virginie Nourtier
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Christelle Pichon
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Sandrine Cochin
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Pascale Cordier
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
- Laboratoire d’Anatomo-cytopathologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Eric Quemeneur
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Philippe Erbs
- Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France
- Corresponding author: Philippe Erbs, Transgene S.A., 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, Parc d’innovation, CS80166, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex 67405, France.
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Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer to assist correct protein folding within the ER. Besides favoring the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, these cell-intrinsic CALR functions support Ca2+-dependent processes, such as adhesion and integrin signaling, and ensure normal antigen presentation on MHC Class I molecules. Moreover, cancer cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CALR on their surface, which promotes the uptake of cell corpses by professional phagocytes and ultimately supports the initiation of anticancer immunity. Thus, loss-of-function CALR mutations promote oncogenesis not only as they impair cellular homeostasis in healthy cells, but also as they compromise natural and therapy-driven immunosurveillance. However, the prognostic impact of total or membrane-exposed CALR levels appears to vary considerably with cancer type. For instance, while genetic CALR defects promote pre-neoplastic myeloproliferation, patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms bearing CALR mutations often experience improved overall survival as compared to patients bearing wild-type CALR. Here, we discuss the context-dependent impact of CALR on malignant transformation, tumor progression and response to cancer therapy.
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29
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Del Papa J, Clarkin RG, Parks RJ. Use of cell fusion proteins to enhance adenoviral vector efficacy as an anti-cancer therapeutic. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:745-756. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Arwert EN, Milford EL, Rullan A, Derzsi S, Hooper S, Kato T, Mansfield D, Melcher A, Harrington KJ, Sahai E. STING and IRF3 in stromal fibroblasts enable sensing of genomic stress in cancer cells to undermine oncolytic viral therapy. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:758-766. [PMID: 32483388 PMCID: PMC7611090 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) perform diverse roles and can modulate therapy responses1. The inflammatory environment within tumours also influences responses to many therapies, including the efficacy of oncolytic viruses2; however, the role of CAFs in this context remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the cell signalling triggered by heterotypic cancer cell-fibroblast contacts and about what activates fibroblasts to express inflammatory mediators1,3. Here, we show that direct contact between cancer cells and CAFs triggers the expression of a wide range of inflammatory modulators by fibroblasts. This is initiated following transcytosis of cytoplasm from cancer cells into fibroblasts, leading to the activation of STING and IRF3-mediated expression of interferon-β1 and other cytokines. Interferon-β1 then drives interferon-stimulated transcriptional programs in both cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts and ultimately undermines the efficacy of oncolytic viruses, both in vitro and in vivo. Further, targeting IRF3 solely in stromal fibroblasts restores oncolytic herpes simplex virus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther N Arwert
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emma L Milford
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stefanie Derzsi
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Steven Hooper
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Takuya Kato
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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31
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Kemp V, Lamfers MLM, van der Pluijm G, van den Hoogen BG, Hoeben RC. Developing oncolytic viruses for clinical use: A consortium approach. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:133-140. [PMID: 32553482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of oncolytic viruses forms an appealing approach for cancer treatment. On the one hand the viruses replicate in, and kill, tumor cells, leading to their intra-tumoral amplification. On the other hand the viral infection will activate virus-directed immune responses, and may trigger immune responses directed against tumor cells and tumor antigens. To date, a wide variety of oncolytic viruses is being developed for use in cancer treatment. While the development of oncolytic viruses has often been initiated by researchers in academia and other public institutions, a large majority of the final product development and the testing of these products in clinical trials is industry led. As a consequence relatively few pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluated different oncolytic viruses in competitive side-by-side preclinical or clinical studies. In this review we will summarize the steps and considerations essential in the development and characterization of oncolytic viruses, and describe our multidisciplinary academic consortium, which involves a dozen departments in three different Dutch universities, collaborating in the development of oncolytic viruses. This consortium has the ambition to develop a small series of oncolytic viruses and to evaluate these in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kemp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands.
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32
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Spectrum-Wide Exploration of Human Adenoviruses for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061403. [PMID: 32486014 PMCID: PMC7352696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) are promising tools for cancer therapeutics. However, most Ad-based therapies utilize Ad type 5 (Ad5), which displays unsatisfying efficiency in clinical trials, partly due to the low expression levels of its primary coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on tumor cells. Since the efficacy of virotherapy strongly relies on efficient transduction of targeted tumor cells, initial screening of a broad range of viral agents to identify the most effective vehicles is essential. Using a novel Ad library consisting of numerous human Ads representing known Ad species, we evaluated the transduction efficiencies in four breast cancer (BC) cell lines. For each cell line over 20 Ad types were screened in a high-throughput manner based on reporter assays. Ad types featuring high transduction efficiencies were further investigated with respect to the percentage of transgene-positive cells and efficiencies of cellular entry in individual cell lines. Additionally, oncolytic assay was performed to test tumor cell lysis efficacy of selected Ad types. We found that all analyzed BC cell lines show low expression levels of CAR, while alternative receptors such as CD46, DSG-2, and integrins were also detected. We identified Ad3, Ad35, Ad37, and Ad52 as potential candidates for BC virotherapy.
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33
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Heidbuechel JPW, Abate-Daga D, Engeland CE, Enderling H. Mathematical Modeling of Oncolytic Virotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2058:307-320. [PMID: 31486048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9794-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling in biology has a long history as it allows the analysis and simulation of complex dynamic biological systems at little cost. A mathematical model trained on experimental or clinical data can be used to generate and evaluate hypotheses, to ask "what if" questions, and to perform in silico experiments to guide future experimentation and validation. Such models may help identify and provide insights into the mechanisms that drive changes in dynamic systems. While a mathematical model may never replace actual experiments, it can synergize with experiments to save time and resources by identifying experimental conditions that are unlikely to yield favorable outcomes, and by using optimization principles to identify experiments that are most likely to be successful. Over the past decade, numerous models have also been developed for oncolytic virotherapy, ranging from merely theoretic frameworks to fully integrated studies that utilize experimental data to generate actionable hypotheses. Here we describe how to develop such models for specific oncolytic virotherapy experimental setups, and which questions can and cannot be answered using integrated mathematical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P W Heidbuechel
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Engeland
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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34
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Igase M, Shibutani S, Kurogouchi Y, Fujiki N, Hwang CC, Coffey M, Noguchi S, Nemoto Y, Mizuno T. Combination Therapy with Reovirus and ATM Inhibitor Enhances Cell Death and Virus Replication in Canine Melanoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:49-59. [PMID: 31650025 PMCID: PMC6804779 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy using reovirus is a promising new anti-cancer treatment with potential for use in humans and dogs. Because reovirus monotherapy shows limited efficacy in human and canine cancer patients, the clinical development of a combination therapy is necessary. To identify candidate components of such a combination, we screened a 285-compound drug library for those that enhanced reovirus cytotoxicity in a canine melanoma cell line. Here, we show that exposure to an inhibitor of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) enhances the oncolytic potential of reovirus in five of six tested canine melanoma cell lines. Specifically, the ATM inhibitor potentiated reovirus replication in cancer cells along with promoting the lysosomal activity, resulting in an increased proportion of caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M compared to those observed with reovirus alone. Overall, our study suggests that the combination of reovirus and the ATM inhibitor may be an attractive option in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shusaku Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurogouchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fujiki
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Chung Chew Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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35
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Artificially cloaked viral nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5747. [PMID: 31848338 PMCID: PMC6917704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-based cancer vaccines are nowadays considered an interesting approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy, despite the observation that the majority of the immune responses they elicit are against the virus and not against the tumor. In contrast, targeting tumor associated antigens is effective, however the identification of these antigens remains challenging. Here, we describe ExtraCRAd, a multi-vaccination strategy focused on an oncolytic virus artificially wrapped with tumor cancer membranes carrying tumor antigens. We demonstrate that ExtraCRAd displays increased infectivity and oncolytic effect in vitro and in vivo. We show that this nanoparticle platform controls the growth of aggressive melanoma and lung tumors in vivo both in preventive and therapeutic setting, creating a highly specific anti-cancer immune response. In conclusion, ExtraCRAd might serve as the next generation of personalized cancer vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens, representing an alternative way to target cancer. Cancer therapy using oncolytic virus has shown pre-clinical and clinical efficacy. Here, the authors report ExtraCRAd, an oncolytic virus cloaked with tumour cell membrane and report its therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo in multiple mouse tumour models.
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36
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Gao J, Mese K, Bunz O, Ehrhardt A. State‐of‐the‐art human adenovirus vectorology for therapeutic approaches. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3609-3622. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Kemal Mese
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Oskar Bunz
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
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37
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Huang LL, Li X, Zhang J, Zhao QR, Zhang MJ, Liu AA, Pang DW, Xie HY. MnCaCs-Biomineralized Oncolytic Virus for Bimodal Imaging-Guided and Synergistically Enhanced Anticancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8002-8009. [PMID: 31626554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (OA) is an ideal candidate for clinical anticancer treatment, because it can specifically replicate in tumor cells with high titer. However, its systemic administration is still hindered, because of severely compromised antitumor efficacy. Herein, an engineered OA was innovatively developed by enwrapping OA with calcium and manganese carbonates (MnCaCs) biomineral shell, which could protect the virus from removal of the host immune system and prolong its in vivo circulation. Upon accumulating in tumor sites, MnCaCs readily dissolved under the acidic microenvironment, releasing Mn2+ that could convert endogenous H2O2 into oxygen (O2) and then enhance the duplication ability of OA, thus significantly increased the antitumor efficacy. Meanwhile, Mn2+ and the increased O2 individually endowed the T1 modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) feasibility, providing real-time monitoring information for the therapy. This versatile engineered OA demonstrated its promise for visible and efficient oncolytic virotherapy by systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Huang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - JinFeng Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ru Zhao
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - An-An Liu
- College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjing 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjing 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
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38
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Menezes ME, Talukdar S, Wechman SL, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Prospects of Gene Therapy to Treat Melanoma. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 138:213-237. [PMID: 29551128 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has continued to increase over the past 30 years. Hence, developing effective therapies to treat both primary and metastatic melanoma are essential. While advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have provided novel therapeutic options to treat melanoma, gene therapy may provide additional strategies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma clinically. This review focuses upon the challenges and opportunities that gene therapy provides for targeting melanoma. We begin with a discussion of the various gene therapy targets which are relevant to melanoma. Next, we explore the gene therapy clinical trials that have been conducted for treating melanoma. Finally, challenges faced in gene therapy as well as combination therapies for targeting melanoma, which may circumvent these obstacles, will be discussed. Targeted combination gene therapy strategies hold significant promise for developing the most effective therapeutic outcomes, while reducing the toxicity to noncancerous cells, and would integrate the patient's immune system to diminish melanoma progression. Next-generation vectors designed to embody required safety profiles and "theranostic" attributes, combined with immunotherapeutic strategies would be critical in achieving beneficial management and therapeutic outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Menezes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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39
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Lee CL, Veeramani S, Molouki A, Lim SHE, Thomas W, Chia SL, Yusoff K. Virotherapy: Current Trends and Future Prospects for Treatment of Colon and Rectal Malignancies. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:393-414. [PMID: 31502477 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1660887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. In recent decades, early diagnosis and conventional therapies have resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. However, late stage metastatic disease still has very limited effective treatment options. There is a growing interest in using viruses to help target therapies to tumour sites. In recent years the evolution of immunotherapy has emphasised the importance of directing the immune system to eliminate tumour cells; we aim to give a state-of-the-art over-view of the diverse viruses that have been investigated as potential oncolytic agents for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Liang Lee
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Sanggeetha Veeramani
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia.,Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Warren Thomas
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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40
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Ajina A, Maher J. Synergistic combination of oncolytic virotherapy with CAR T-cell therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 164:217-292. [PMID: 31383406 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For patients with advanced hematological malignancies the therapeutic landscape has been transformed by the emergence of adoptive cell transfer utilizing autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T-cells. However, solid tumors have proved far more resistant to this approach. Here, we summarize the numerous challenges faced by CAR T-cells designed to target solid tumors, highlighting, in particular, issues related to impaired trafficking, expansion, and persistence. In parallel, we draw attention to exciting developments in the burgeoning field of oncolytic virotherapy and posit strategies for the synergistic combination of oncolytic viruses with CAR T-cells to improve outcomes for patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ajina
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - John Maher
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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41
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Chen X, Zhang N. Management of neoplastic pericardial disease. Herz 2019; 45:46-51. [PMID: 31297544 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is no accurate and effective method for treating neoplastic pericardial effusion. This study analyzed the current literature on the treatment of neoplastic pericardial effusion to provide advice and guidance for clinical treatment. Surgical treatments include pericardial puncture, extension of catheter drainage, pericardial window, and surgical pericardiotomy. Each surgical procedure has a corresponding indication, and the best treatment is selected according to the patient's specific conditions. Systemic chemotherapy is effective in lymphoma and small cell lung cancer that are sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs. Although pericardial injection of drugs is effective for pericardial tamponade and recurrent pericardial effusion, these methods can only temporarily relieve symptoms and cannot prolong the life of patients. In recent years, immunotherapy, especially adoptive immunotherapy, has achieved good results in the treatment of neoplastic pericardial effusion, thus providing a novel treatment option for neoplastic pericardial effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College of Seven Years (2014), Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College of Seven Years (2014), Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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42
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Maurer S, Salih HR, Smirnow I, Lauer UM, Berchtold S. Suicide gene‑armed measles vaccine virus for the treatment of AML. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:347-358. [PMID: 31268165 PMCID: PMC6615925 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy comprises a novel therapeutic approach to selectively eliminate cancer cells. Preclinical, as well as clinical data have demonstrated the efficacy of tumor‑selective (oncolytic) viruses in hematological malignancies. In this study, we infected AML cell lines and primary AML cells from patients with measles vaccine virus either expressing GFP or armed with super cytosine deaminase, which converts the prodrug, 5‑fluorocytosine, into the chemotherapeutic compound, 5‑fluorouracil. Target cell density of the measles entry receptor, CD46, infection rates of targeted leukemic cells, tumor cell viability, and apoptotic rates were determined. We found that measles vaccine virus infected the leukemic blasts and profoundly diminished the number and viability of leukemic cells via the induction of apoptosis. The conversion of 5‑fluorocytosine to 5‑fluorouracil exerted a potent additive tumoricidal effect. This was also observed in cases when leukemic cells displayed only moderate susceptibility to the oncolytic virus and hence direct oncolysis. Taken together, in this study, we provide a first characterization of the combinatorial use of measles vaccine virus and 5‑fluorouracil for treatment of AML. Our approach to site‑specifically produce the active drug and combine this agent with the direct lytic effect of virotherapy may overcome present limitations and constitutes a feasible method with which to introduce 5‑fluorouracil in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maurer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tuebingen, D‑72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tuebingen, D‑72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irina Smirnow
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, D‑72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, D‑72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Berchtold
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, D‑72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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43
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Shao X, Wang X, Guo X, Jiang K, Ye T, Chen J, Fang J, Gu L, Wang S, Zhang G, Meng S, Xu Q. STAT3 Contributes To Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:436. [PMID: 31192135 PMCID: PMC6548873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potent inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD), releasing danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that induce potent anticancer immunity. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been shown to educe ICD in both glioma and lung cancer cells. The objective of this study is to investigate whether oncolytic NDV induces ICD in melanoma cells and how it is regulated. Methods: Various time points were actuated to check the expression and release of ICD markers induced by NDV strain, NDV/FMW in melanoma cell lines. The expression and release of ICD markers induced by oncolytic NDV strain, NDV/FMW, in melanoma cell lines at various time points were determined. Surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT) was inspected by confocal imaging. The supernatants of NDV/FMW infected cells were collected and concentrated for the determination of ATP secretion by ELISA, HMGB1, and HSP70/90 expression by immunoblot (IB) analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ER Stress, and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was achieved by treatment with small molecule inhibitors. Melanoma cell lines stably depleted of STAT3 were established with lentiviral constructs. Supernatants from NDV-infected cells were intratumorally injected to mice bearing melanoma cells-derived tumors. Results: Oncolytic NDV induced CRT exposure, the release of HMGB1 and HSP70/90 as well as secretion of ATP in melanoma cells. Inhibition of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis or ER stress attenuated NDV/FMW-induced release of HMGB1 and HSP70/90. Moreover, NDV/FMW-induced ICD markers in melanoma cells were also suppressed by either treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor or shRNA-mediated depletion of STAT3. Of translational importance, treatment of mice bearing melanoma cells-derived tumors with supernatants from NDV/FMW-infected cells significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: Our data authenticate that oncolytic NDV/FMW might be a potent inducer of ICD in melanoma cells, which is amalgamated with several forms of cell death. We also show that STAT3 plays a role in NDV/FMW-induced ICD in melanoma cells. Together, our data highlight oncolytic NDV as propitious for cancer therapeutics by stimulatingan anti-melanoma immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Ye
- Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Juemin Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Linaer Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central laboratory, Cancer School of Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songshu Meng
- Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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44
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Lv P, Liu X, Chen X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chu C, Wang J, Wang X, Chen X, Liu G. Genetically Engineered Cell Membrane Nanovesicles for Oncolytic Adenovirus Delivery: A Versatile Platform for Cancer Virotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2993-3001. [PMID: 30964695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, various oncolytic adenoviruses (OA) are being explored in both preclinical and clinical virotherapy. However, the pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and poor targeting delivery are major obstacles for systemically administered OA. Therefore, we designed bioengineered cell membrane nanovesicles (BCMNs) that harbor targeting ligands to achieve robust antiviral immune shielding and targeting capabilities for oncolytic virotherapy. We employed two distinct biomimetic synthetic approaches: the first is based on in vitro genetic membrane engineering to embed targeting ligands on the cell membrane, and the second is based on in vivo expression of CRISPR-engineered targeting ligands on red-blood-cell membranes. The results indicate that both bioengineering approaches preserve the infectivity and replication capacity of OA in the presence of nAbs, in vitro and in vivo. Notably, OA@BCMNs demonstrated a significant suppression of the induced innate and adaptive immune responses against OA. Enhanced targeting delivery, viral oncolysis, and survival benefits in multiple xenograft models were observed without overt toxicity. These findings reveal that OA@BCMNs may provide a clinical basis for improving oncolytic virotherapy by overcoming undesired antiviral immunity and enhancing cancer cell selectivity via biomimetic synthesis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) , National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
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45
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Davola ME, Mossman KL. Oncolytic viruses: how "lytic" must they be for therapeutic efficacy? Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1581528. [PMID: 31069150 PMCID: PMC6492965 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1596006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially target and kill cancer cells without affecting healthy cells through a multi-modal mechanism of action. While historically the direct killing activity of OVs was considered the primary mode of action, initiation or augmentation of a host antitumor immune response is now considered an essential aspect of oncolytic virotherapy. To improve oncolytic virotherapy, many studies focus on increasing virus replication and spread. In this article, we open for discussion the traditional dogma that correlates replication with the efficacy of OVs, pointing out several examples that oppose this principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Davola
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Louise Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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46
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Reale A, Vitiello A, Conciatori V, Parolin C, Calistri A, Palù G. Perspectives on immunotherapy via oncolytic viruses. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:5. [PMID: 30792754 PMCID: PMC6371415 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With few exceptions, current chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols only obtain a slightly prolonged survival with severe adverse effects in patients with advanced solid tumors. In particular, most solid malignancies not amenable to radical surgery still carry a dismal prognosis, which unfortunately is also the case for relapsing disease after surgery. Even though targeted therapies obtained good results, clinical experience showed that tumors eventually develop resistance. On the other hand, earlier attempts of cancer immunotherapy failed to show consistent efficacy. More recently, a deeper knowledge of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) allowed the development of effective drugs: in particular, monoclonal antibodies targeting the so-called immune checkpoint molecules yielded striking and lasting effects in some tumors. Unfortunately, these monoclonal antibodies are not effective in a majority of patients and are ineffective in several solid malignancies. Furthermore, due to their mechanism of action, checkpoint inhibitors often elicit autoimmune-like disease. MAIN BODY The use of viruses as oncolytic agents (OVs) was considered in the past, while only recently OVs revealed a connection with immunotherapy. However, their antitumoral potential has remained largely unexplored, due to safety concerns and some limitations in the techniques to manipulate viruses. OV research was recently revived by a better knowledge of viral/cancer biology and advances in the methodologies to delete virulence/immune-escape related genes from even complex viral genomes or "to arm" OVs with appropriate transgenes. Recently, the first oncolytic virus, the HSV-1 based Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), was approved for the treatment of non-resectable melanoma in USA and Europe. CONCLUSION OVs have the potential to become powerful agents of cancer immune and gene therapy. Indeed, in addition to their selective killing activity, they can act as versatile gene expression platforms for the delivery of therapeutic genes. This is particularly true for viruses with a large DNA genome, that can be manipulated to address the multiple immunosuppressive features of the TME. This review will focus on the open issues, on the most promising lines of research in the OV field and, more in general, on how OVs could be improved to achieve real clinical breakthroughs in cancers that are usually difficult to treat by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Reale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Adriana Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Valeria Conciatori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
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47
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Humeau J, Lévesque S, Kroemer G, Pol JG. Gold Standard Assessment of Immunogenic Cell Death in Oncological Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:297-315. [PMID: 30465212 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer therapies strongly relies on their ability to reinstate cancer immunosurveillance. Numerous biomedical approaches with immunotherapeutic activity have been developed to reeducate the host immune system to detect and clear tumor cells. Cytotoxicants have been primarily designed to slow down malignant cell proliferation and to induce programmed cell death. Some cytotoxic stimuli are able to activate a particular type of apoptosis, which is referred to as immunogenic cell death (ICD), that de facto convert cancer cells into their own vaccine. This effect ultimately facilitates the establishment of an antitumor immune response that potentially annihilates spared malignant cells, as well as an immune memory that prevents cancer recurrence. Based on the characteristic hallmarks of ICD, protocols have been developed to validate ICD induction in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. These methods may contribute to identify novel ICD inducers and to design multimodal regimens with superior therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, their translation into clinical research could have prognostic or predictive value. This chapter will introduce the "gold standard" protocol for the in vivo assessment of ICD in mice. The procedure relies on vaccination with treated cancer cells, followed by rechallenge with living entities of the same type, in syngeneic immunocompetent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Humeau
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Lévesque
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
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48
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Huff AL, Wongthida P, Kottke T, Thompson JM, Driscoll CB, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Harris RS, Molan A, Pulido JS, Selby PJ, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Evgin L, Vile RG. APOBEC3 Mediates Resistance to Oncolytic Viral Therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 11:1-13. [PMID: 30294666 PMCID: PMC6169432 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently evade applied therapies through the accumulation of genomic mutations and rapid evolution. In the case of oncolytic virotherapy, understanding the mechanisms by which cancer cells develop resistance to infection and lysis is critical to the development of more effective viral-based platforms. Here, we identify APOBEC3 as an important factor that restricts the potency of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We show that VSV infection of B16 murine melanoma cells upregulated APOBEC3 in an IFN-β-dependent manner, which was responsible for the evolution of virus-resistant cell populations and suggested that APOBEC3 expression promoted the acquisition of a virus-resistant phenotype. Knockdown of APOBEC3 in B16 cells diminished their capacity to develop resistance to VSV infection in vitro and enhanced the therapeutic effect of VSV in vivo. Similarly, overexpression of human APOBEC3B promoted the acquisition of resistance to oncolytic VSV both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that APOBEC3B expression had a direct effect on the fitness of VSV, an RNA virus that has not previously been identified as restricted by APOBEC3B. This research identifies APOBEC3 enzymes as key players to target in order to improve the efficacy of viral or broader nucleic acid-based therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill M. Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G. Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy Molan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G. Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
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49
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Pol JG, Atherton MJ, Bridle BW, Stephenson KB, Le Boeuf F, Hummel JL, Martin CG, Pomoransky J, Breitbach CJ, Diallo JS, Stojdl DF, Bell JC, Wan Y, Lichty BD. Development and applications of oncolytic Maraba virus vaccines. Oncolytic Virother 2018; 7:117-128. [PMID: 30538968 PMCID: PMC6263248 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s154494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic activity of the MG1 strain of the Maraba vesiculovirus has proven efficacy in numerous preclinical cancer models, and relied not only on a direct cytotoxicity but also on the induction of both innate and adaptive antitumor immunity. To further expand tumor-specific T-cell effector and long-lasting memory compartments, we introduced the MG1 virus in a prime-boost cancer vaccine strategy. To this aim, a replication-incompetent adenoviral [Ad] vector together with the oncolytic MG1 have each been armed with a transgene expressing a same tumor antigen. Immune priming with the Ad vaccine subsequently boosted with the MG1 vaccine mounted tumor-specific responses of remarkable magnitude, which significantly prolonged survival in various murine cancer models. Based on these promising results, we validated the safety profile of the Ad:MG1 oncolytic vaccination strategy in nonhuman primates and initiated clinical investigations in cancer patients. Two clinical trials are currently under way (NCT02285816; NCT02879760). The present review will recapitulate the discoveries that led to the development of MG1 oncolytic vaccines from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1138, Paris, France
- Team 11 labelled Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités/Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff L Hummel
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Clinical Trial Division, CANSWERS, Georgetown, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David F Stojdl
- Turnstone Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Turnstone Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
| | - Brian D Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Turnstone Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
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50
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Brachtlova T, van Beusechem VW. Unleashing the Full Potential of Oncolytic Adenoviruses against Cancer by Applying RNA Interference: The Force Awakens. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120228. [PMID: 30477117 PMCID: PMC6315459 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy of cancer is an actively pursued field of research. Viruses that were once considered as pathogens threatening the wellbeing of humans and animals alike are with every passing decade more prominently regarded as vehicles for genetic and oncolytic therapies. Oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues, and provoke an anticancer immune response. Among these viruses, recombinant adenoviruses are particularly attractive agents for oncolytic immunotherapy of cancer. Different approaches are currently examined to maximize their therapeutic effect. Here, knowledge of virus–host interactions may lead the way. In this regard, viral and host microRNAs are of particular interest. In addition, cellular factors inhibiting viral replication or dampening immune responses are being discovered. Therefore, applying RNA interference is an attractive approach to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic viruses gaining attention in recent years. RNA interference can be used to fortify the virus’ cancer cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties and to suppress cellular pathways to cripple the tumor. In this review, we discuss different ways of how RNA interference may be utilized to increase the efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses, to reveal their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Brachtlova
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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